1
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Katsuya S, Kawata Y, Sugimoto M, Nishimura T, Tsubota J. Determination of the safety of Halomonas sp. KM-1-derived d-β-hydroxybutyric acid and its fermentation-derived impurities in mice and Japanese adults. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:1073-1080. [PMID: 38936830 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of halophilic bacteria in industrial chemical and food production has received great interest because of the unique properties of these bacteria; however, their safety remains under investigation. Halomonas sp. KM-1 intracellularly stores poly-D-β-hydroxybutyric acid under aerobic conditions and successively secretes D-β-hydroxybutyric acid (D-BHB) under microaerobic conditions. Therefore, we tested the safety of Halomonas sp. KM-1-derived D-BHB and the impurities generated during D-BHB manufacturing at a 100-fold increased concentration in acute tests using mice and daily intake of 16.0 g D-BHB in Japanese adults for 12 weeks. In the mice test, there were no abnormalities in the body weights or health of mice fed the purified D-BHB or its impurities. In the Japanese adult test, blood parameters and body condition showed no medically problematic fluctuations. These findings indicate that Halomonas sp. KM-1 is safe and can be used for commercial production of D-BHB and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Katsuya
- Energy Technology Laboratories, OSAKA GAS Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kawata
- Energy Technology Laboratories, OSAKA GAS Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Taku Nishimura
- Energy Technology Laboratories, OSAKA GAS Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Tsubota
- Energy Technology Laboratories, OSAKA GAS Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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2
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Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a disease of accelerated biological aging: An opportunity to translate geroscience interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy and a paucity of clinical trials addressing its biological root causes. Notably, many of the symptoms of long COVID are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a translational framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging, identifying research gaps and offering recommendations for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Wang Q, Lan X, Ke H, Xu S, Huang C, Wang J, Wang X, Huang T, Wu X, Chen M, Guo Y, Zeng L, Tian XL, Xiang Y. Histone β-hydroxybutyrylation is critical in reversal of sarcopenia. Aging Cell 2024:e14284. [PMID: 39076122 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a leading cause for global disability and mortality, is an age-related muscular disorder, characterized by accelerated muscle mass loss and functional decline. It is known that caloric restriction (CR), ketogenic diet or endurance exercise lessen sarcopenia and elevate circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) levels. Whether the elevated β-HB is essential to the reversal of sarcopenia, however, remains unclear. Here we show in both Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse models that an increase of β-HB reverse myofiber atrophy and improves motor functions at advanced ages. β-HB-induced histone lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is indispensable for the reversal of sarcopenia. Histone Kbhb enhances transcription of genes associated with mitochondrial pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, ATP metabolic process and aerobic respiration. This ultimately leads to improve mitochondrial integrity and enhance mitochondrial respiration. The histone Kbhb are validated in mouse model with CR. Thus, we demonstrate that β-HB induces histone Kbhb, increases mitochondrial function, and reverses sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiquan Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinqiang Lan
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Siman Xu
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Huang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiane Huang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengxin Chen
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and Aging, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Aging and Diseases, Nanchang, China
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4
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Maleki MH, Omidi F, Javanshir Z, Bagheri M, Tanhadoroodzani Z, Dastghaib S, Shams M, Akbari M, Dastghaib S. β-Hydroxybutyrate and melatonin suppress maladaptive UPR, excessive autophagy and pyroptosis in Aβ 1-42 and LPS-Induced SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:802. [PMID: 39001949 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disease characterized by the build-up of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which causes synapse dysfunction, cell death, and neuro-inflammation. A maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR), excessive autophagy, and pyroptosis aggravate the disease. Melatonin (MEL) and hydroxybutyrate (BHB) have both shown promise in terms of decreasing Aβ pathology. The goal of this study was to see how BHB and MEL affected the UPR, autophagy, and pyroptosis pathways in Aβ1-42 and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with BHB, MEL, or a combination of the two after being exposed to A β1-42 and LPS. Cell viability was determined using the MTT test, and gene expression levels of UPR (ATF6, PERK, and CHOP), autophagy (Beclin-1, LC3II, P62, and Atg5), and pyroptosis-related markers (NLRP3, TXNIP, IL-1β, and NFκB1) were determined using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was employed, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS BHB and MEL significantly increased SH-SY5Y cell viability in the presence of A β1-42 and LPS. Both compounds inhibited the expression of maladaptive UPR and autophagy-related genes, as well as inflammatory and pyroptotic markers caused by Aβ1-42 and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. CONCLUSION BHB and MEL rescue neurons in A β1-42 and LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells by reducing maladaptive UPR, excessive autophagy, and pyroptosis. More research is needed to fully comprehend the processes behind their beneficial effects and to discover their practical applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Omidi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Javanshir
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Bagheri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Dastghaib
- School of Neurobiology Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadarian Akbari
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Telsi Academy, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autophagy research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Li JJ, Sun WD, Zhu XJ, Mei YZ, Li WS, Li JH. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (NNMT): A New Hope for Treating Aging and Age-Related Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:343. [PMID: 38921477 PMCID: PMC11205546 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex process of aging leads to a gradual deterioration in the function of cells, tissues, and the entire organism, thereby increasing the risk of disease and death. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has attracted attention as a potential target for combating aging and its related pathologies. Studies have shown that NNMT activity increases over time, which is closely associated with the onset and progression of age-related diseases. NNMT uses S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor to facilitate the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM), converting NAM into S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and methylnicotinamide (MNA). This enzymatic action depletes NAM, a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and generates SAH, a precursor of homocysteine (Hcy). The reduction in the NAD+ levels and the increase in the Hcy levels are considered important factors in the aging process and age-related diseases. The efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi) therapies and small-molecule inhibitors targeting NNMT demonstrates the potential of NNMT as a therapeutic target. Despite these advances, the exact mechanisms by which NNMT influences aging and age-related diseases remain unclear, and there is a lack of clinical trials involving NNMT inhibitors and RNAi drugs. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed to elucidate the precise functions of NNMT in aging and promote the development of targeted pharmaceutical interventions. This paper aims to explore the specific role of NNMT in aging, and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Hua Li
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (J.-J.L.); (W.-D.S.); (X.-J.Z.); (Y.-Z.M.); (W.-S.L.)
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7
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Acuña-Catalán D, Shah S, Wehrfritz C, Nomura M, Acevedo A, Olmos C, Quiroz G, Huerta H, Bons J, Ampuero E, Wyneken U, Sanhueza M, Arancibia F, Contreras D, Cárdenas JC, Morales B, Schilling B, Newman JC, González-Billault C. Ketogenic diet administration later in life improves memory by modifying the synaptic cortical proteome via the PKA signaling pathway in aging mice. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101593. [PMID: 38843842 PMCID: PMC11228662 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Aging compromises brain function leading to cognitive decline. A cyclic ketogenic diet (KD) improves memory in aged mice after long-term administration; however, short-term effects later in life and the molecular mechanisms that govern such changes remain unclear. Here, we explore the impact of a short-term KD treatment starting at elderly stage on brain function of aged mice. Behavioral testing and long-term potentiation (LTP) recordings reveal that KD improves working memory and hippocampal LTP. Furthermore, the synaptosome proteome of aged mice fed a KD long-term evidence changes predominantly at the presynaptic compartment associated to the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. These findings were corroborated in vivo by western blot analysis, with high BDNF abundance and PKA substrate phosphorylation. Overall, we show that a KD modifies brain function even when it is administered later in life and recapitulates molecular features of long-term administration, including the PKA signaling pathway, thus promoting synaptic plasticity at advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Acuña-Catalán
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samah Shah
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro Acevedo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Olmos
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Quiroz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Huerta
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joanna Bons
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Estibaliz Ampuero
- Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- IMPACT, Center for Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magdalena Sanhueza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arancibia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio César Cárdenas
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Aging and Longevity Studies University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - John C Newman
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Emerson FJ, Chiu C, Lin LY, Riedel CG, Zhu M, Lee SS. The chromatin factors SET-26 and HCF-1 oppose the histone deacetylase HDA-1 in longevity and gene regulation in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2320. [PMID: 38485937 PMCID: PMC10940595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
SET-26, HCF-1, and HDA-1 are highly conserved chromatin factors with key roles in development and aging. Here we present mechanistic insights into how these factors regulate gene expression and modulate longevity in C. elegans. We show that SET-26 and HCF-1 cooperate to regulate a common set of genes, and both antagonize the histone deacetylase HDA-1 to limit longevity. HCF-1 localization at chromatin is largely dependent on functional SET-26, whereas SET-26 is only minorly affected by loss of HCF-1, suggesting that SET-26 could recruit HCF-1 to chromatin. HDA-1 opposes SET-26 and HCF-1 on the regulation of a subset of their common target genes and in longevity. Our findings suggest that SET-26, HCF-1, and HDA-1 comprise a mechanism to fine-tune gene expression and longevity and likely have important implications for the mechanistic understanding of how these factors function in diverse organisms, particularly in aging biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity J Emerson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Caitlin Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Laura Y Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christian G Riedel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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9
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Pereira B, Correia FP, Alves IA, Costa M, Gameiro M, Martins AP, Saraiva JA. Epigenetic reprogramming as a key to reverse ageing and increase longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102204. [PMID: 38272265 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit for the fountain of youth has long been a fascination amongst scientists and humanity. Ageing is broadly characterized by a cellular decline with increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, being intimately associated with epigenetic modifications. Recently, reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies have begun to greatly alter longevity research not only to tackle age-related defects but also to possibly reverse the cellular ageing process. Hence, in this review, we highlight the major epigenetic changes during ageing and the state-of-art of the current emerging epigenetic reprogramming strategies leveraging on transcription factors. Notably, partial reprogramming enables the resetting of the ageing clock without erasing cellular identity. Promising chemical-based rejuvenation strategies harnessing small molecules, including DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors are also discussed. Moreover, in parallel to longevity interventions, the foundations of epigenetic clocks for accurate ageing assessment and evaluation of reprogramming approaches are briefly presented. Going further, with such scientific breakthroughs, we are witnessing a rise in the longevity biotech industry aiming to extend the health span and ideally achieve human rejuvenation one day. In this context, we overview the main scenarios proposed for the future of the socio-economic and ethical challenges associated with such an emerging field. Ultimately, this review aims to inspire future research on interventions that promote healthy ageing for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Inês A Alves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gameiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana P Martins
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Giuliani G, Longo VD. Ketone bodies in cell physiology and cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C948-C963. [PMID: 38189128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00441.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs), fasting, or prolonged physical activity elevate serum ketone bodies (KBs) levels, providing an alternative fuel source for the brain and other organs. However, KBs play pleiotropic roles that go beyond their role in energy production. KBs can act as signaling metabolites, influence gene expression, proteins' posttranslational modifications (PTMs), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we explore the impact of KBs on mammalian cell physiology, including aging and tissue regeneration. We also concentrate on KBs and cancer, given the extensive evidence that dietary approaches inducing ketosis, including fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) and KDs, can prevent cancer and affect tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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11
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Baumanns S, Schmitt F, Spahn C, Ringelmann AE, Beis DM, Eckert GP, Wenzel U. Caprylic acid attenuates amyloid-β proteotoxicity by supplying energy via β-oxidation in an Alzheimer's disease model of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:252-261. [PMID: 36800228 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2180870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Computer-based analysis of motility was used as a measure of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteotoxicity in the transgenic strain GMC101, expressing human Aβ1-42 in body wall muscle cells. Aβ-aggregation was quantified to relate the effects of caprylic acid (CA) to the amount of the proteotoxic protein. Gene knockdowns were induced through RNA-interference (RNAi). Moreover, the estimation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and oxygen consumption served the evaluation of mitochondrial function. CA improved the motility of GMC101 nematodes and reduced Aβ aggregation. Whereas RNAi for orthologues encoding key enzymes for α-lipoic acid and ketone bodies synthesis did not affect motility stimulation by CA, knockdown of orthologues involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids diminished its effects. The efficient energy gain by application of CA was finally proven by the increase of ATP levels in association with increased oxygen consumption and MMP. In conclusion, CA attenuates Aβ proteotoxicity by supplying energy via FAO. Since especially glucose oxidation is disturbed in Alzheimer´s disease, CA could potentially serve as an alternative energy fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baumanns
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schmitt
- Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher Spahn
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne E Ringelmann
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel M Beis
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Zaki RM, Ramasamy K, Ahmad Alwi NA, Mohd Yusoff R, Lim SM. Pediococcus pentosaceus LAB6- and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB12-Derived Cell Free Supernatant Inhibited RhoA Activation and Reduced Amyloid-Β In Vitro. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:62-75. [PMID: 36443559 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque. RhoA may serve as a potential target for prevention against AD given its role in the amyloidogenic pathway. The recent emergence of the gut-brain axis has linked lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to neuroprotection against AD. This study assessed the importance of RhoA inhibition in mediating the neuroprotective potential of LAB. To this end, de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth fermented by lactobacilli or pediococci were tested against SK-N-SH (a human neuroblastoma cell line) in the presence of RhoA activator II for 24 h after which the RhoA activity was measured using the G-LISA Kit. Fluorescence staining of f-actin stress fibres was performed to validate RhoA inhibition. SK-N-SH was transfected with plasmid expressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. The Aβ concentration in transfected cells exposed to LAB-derived cell free supernatant (CFS) in the presence of RhoA activator II was measured using the ELISA kit. Furthermore, this study measured organic acids in LAB-derived CFS using the gas chromatography. It was found that LAB-derived CFS yielded strain-dependent inhibition of RhoA, with LAB6- and LAB12-derived CFS being the most potent Pediococcal- and Lactiplantibacillus-based RhoA inhibitor, respectively. Lesser stress fibres were formed under treatment with LAB-derived CFS. The LAB-derived CFS also significantly inhibited Aβ in SK-N-SH transfected with APP gene in the presence of RhoA activator II. The LAB-derived CFS was presented with increased lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid. The present findings warrant in-depth study using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramli Muhammad Zaki
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur , Ipoh, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Amalina Ahmad Alwi
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rosmadi Mohd Yusoff
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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13
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Ma W, Arima Y, Umemoto T, Yokomizo T, Xu Y, Miharada K, Tanaka Y, Suda T. Metabolic regulation in erythroid differentiation by systemic ketogenesis in fasted mice. Exp Hematol 2024; 129:104124. [PMID: 37898316 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Erythroid terminal differentiation and maturation depend on an enormous energy supply. During periods of fasting, ketone bodies from the liver are transported into circulation and utilized as crucial fuel for peripheral tissues. However, the effects of fasting or ketogenesis on erythroid behavior remain unknown. Here, we generated a mouse model with insufficient ketogenesis by conditionally knocking out the gene encoding the hepatocyte-specific ketogenic enzyme hydroxymethylglutary-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2 KO). Intriguingly, erythroid maturation was enhanced with boosted fatty acid synthesis in the bone marrow of a hepatic Hmgcs2 KO mouse under fasting conditions, suggesting that systemic ketogenesis has a profound effect on erythropoiesis. Moreover, we observed significantly activated fatty acid synthesis and mevalonate pathways along with reduced histone acetylation in immature erythrocytes under a less systemic ketogenesis condition. Our findings revealed a new insight into erythroid differentiation, in which metabolic homeostasis and histone acetylation mediated by ketone bodies are essential factors in adaptation toward nutrient deprivation and stressed erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomomasa Yokomizo
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuqing Xu
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miharada
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translation Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Jang J, Kim SR, Lee JE, Lee S, Son HJ, Choe W, Yoon KS, Kim SS, Yeo EJ, Kang I. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Ketone Bodies and Ketogenic Diet in Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:124. [PMID: 38203294 PMCID: PMC10779133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs), such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, serve as crucial alternative energy sources during glucose deficiency. KBs, generated through ketogenesis in the liver, are metabolized into acetyl-CoA in extrahepatic tissues, entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain for ATP production. Reduced glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction correlate with increased neuronal death and brain damage during cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. Both KBs and the ketogenic diet (KD) demonstrate neuroprotective effects by orchestrating various cellular processes through metabolic and signaling functions. They enhance mitochondrial function, mitigate oxidative stress and apoptosis, and regulate epigenetic and post-translational modifications of histones and non-histone proteins. Additionally, KBs and KD contribute to reducing neuroinflammation and modulating autophagy, neurotransmission systems, and gut microbiome. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuroprotective effects of KBs and KD against brain damage in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Rim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jig Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yasuda K, Miyazawa M, Ishii T, Ishii N. The role of nutrition and oxidative stress as aging factors in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:173-177. [PMID: 37970544 PMCID: PMC10636583 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of aging, which has been a "black box" for many years, has been elucidated in recent years, and the nematode C. elegans, which is a model animal for aging research, has played a major role in its elucidation. From the analysis of C. elegans longevity-related mutant genes, many signal transduction systems, with the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signal transduction system at the core, have emerged. It has become clear that this signal transduction system is greatly affected by external nutrients and is involved in the downstream regulation of oxidative stress, which is considered to be one of the main causes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yasuda
- Department of Health Management, Undergraduate School of Health Studies, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyazawa
- Department of Health Management, Undergraduate School of Health Studies, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ishii
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ishii
- Office of Professor Emeritus, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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16
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Yagi K, Okazaki S, Ohbatake A, Nakaya M, Liu J, Arite E, Miyamoto Y, Ito N, Nakano K, Yamaaki N, Honoki H, Fujisaka S, Chujo D, Tsunoda SI, Yanagimoto K, Nozue T, Yamada M, Ooe K, Araki T, Nakashima A, Azami Y, Sodemoto Y, Tadokoro K, Nagano M, Noguchi T, Nohara A, Origasa H, Niida Y, Tada H. Negative correlation between organ heteroplasmy, particularly hepatic heteroplasmy, and age at death revealed by post-mortem studies of m.3243A > G cases. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 140:107691. [PMID: 37660570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G mutation causes mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and its associated multi-organ disorders, including diabetes. To clarify associations between m.3243A > G organ heteroplasmy and clinical phenotypes, including the age at death, we combined genetic and pathological examinations from seven unreported and 36 literature cases of autopsied subjects. Clinical characteristics of subjects were as follows: male, 13; female, 28; unknown, 2; the age at death, 36.9 ± 20.2 [4-82] years; BMI, 16.0 ± 2.9 [13.0-22.3]; diabetes, N = 21 (49%), diabetes onset age 38.6 ± 14.2 years; deafness, N = 27 (63%); stroke-like episodes (StLEp), N = 25 (58%); congestive heart failure (CHF), N = 15 (35%); CHF onset age, 51.3 ± 14.5 years. Causes of death (N = 32) were as follows: cardiac, N = 13 (41%); infection, N = 8 (25%); StLEp, N = 4 (13%); gastrointestinal, N = 4 (13%); renal, N = 2 (6%); hepatic, N = 1 (2%). High and low heteroplasmies were confirmed in non-regenerative and regenerative organs, respectively. Heteroplasmy of the liver, spleen, leukocytes, and kidney for all subjects was significantly associated with the age at death. Furthermore, the age at death was related to juvenile-onset (any m.3243A > G-related symptoms appeared before 20) and stroke-like episodes. Multiple linear regression analysis with the age at death as an objective variable showed the significant contribution of liver heteroplasty and juvenile-onset to the age at death. m.3243A > G organ heteroplasmy levels, particularly hepatic heteroplasmy, are significantly associated with the age at death in deceased cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimasa Yagi
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, Toyama 934-0194, Japan.
| | - Satoko Okazaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Azusa Ohbatake
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Nakaya
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Eiko Arite
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naoko Ito
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisae Honoki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Tsunoda
- Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Associations, Yokohama 247-8581, Japan
| | - Kunio Yanagimoto
- Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Associations, Yokohama 247-8581, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nozue
- Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Associations, Yokohama 247-8581, Japan
| | - Masayo Yamada
- Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Associations, Yokohama 247-8581, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ooe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kanazawa Hospital, Kanazawa 920-0353, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Araki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kanazawa Hospital, Kanazawa 920-0353, Japan
| | - Akikatsu Nakashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8530, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenichi Tadokoro
- Bio Medical Laboratory (BML), Inc., 1361-1 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagano
- Bio Medical Laboratory (BML), Inc., 1361-1 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Tohru Noguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Atushi Nohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa 920-8530, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Toyama University, Toyama 934-0194, Japan
| | - Yo Niida
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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17
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Emerson FJ, Lee SS. Chromatin: the old and young of it. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270285. [PMID: 37877123 PMCID: PMC10591336 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging affects nearly all aspects of our cells, from our DNA to our proteins to how our cells handle stress and communicate with each other. Age-related chromatin changes are of particular interest because chromatin can dynamically respond to the cellular and organismal environment, and many modifications at chromatin are reversible. Changes at chromatin occur during aging, and evidence from model organisms suggests that chromatin factors could play a role in modulating the aging process itself, as altering proteins that work at chromatin often affect the lifespan of yeast, worms, flies, and mice. The field of chromatin and aging is rapidly expanding, and high-resolution genomics tools make it possible to survey the chromatin environment or track chromatin factors implicated in longevity with precision that was not previously possible. In this review, we discuss the state of chromatin and aging research. We include examples from yeast, Drosophila, mice, and humans, but we particularly focus on the commonly used aging model, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, in which there are many examples of chromatin factors that modulate longevity. We include evidence of both age-related changes to chromatin and evidence of specific chromatin factors linked to longevity in core histones, nuclear architecture, chromatin remodeling, and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Lee Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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18
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Zhou Z, Kim K, Ramsey JJ, Rutkowsky JM. Ketogenic diets initiated in late mid-life improved measures of spatial memory in male mice. GeroScience 2023; 45:2481-2494. [PMID: 36933143 PMCID: PMC10651563 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown ketogenic diets (KD) started from early middle-age improved health span and longevity in mice. KDs started later in life or administered intermittently may be more feasible and promote compliance. Therefore, this study sought to test if continuous or intermittent KDs started in late-middle-aged mice would improve cognition and motor function at advanced age. Eighteen-month-old male C57BL/6JN mice were assigned to an isocaloric control (CD), KD, or intermittent ketogenic (IKD, 3-day KD/week) diet. A panel of behavior tests were performed to assess cognitive and motor functions with aging. Y-maze alternation rate was higher for both IKD and KD mice at 23 months of age and for KD mice at 26 months indicating an improved spatial working memory. Twenty-six-month-old KD mice also showed better spatial learning memory in Barnes maze when compared to the CD. Improved grid wire hang performance was observed in aged IKD and KD versus CD mice indicating better muscle endurance under isometric contraction. A reduced level of circulating proinflammatory cytokines in aged KD (IL-6 and TNF-α) and IKD (IL-6) mice may contribute to the phenotypic improvements observed with these interventions. This study demonstrates that when initiated at late-middle age, the KD improved measures of spatial memory and grid wire hang performance in aged male mice, with IKD showing results intermediate to the CD and KD groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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19
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García-Velázquez L, Massieu L. The proteomic effects of ketone bodies: implications for proteostasis and brain proteinopathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1214092. [PMID: 37575967 PMCID: PMC10413579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1214092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of the ketone bodies (KBs), acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), on diverse physiological processes and diseases. Hence, KBs have been suggested as therapeutic tools for neurodegenerative diseases. KBs are an alternative fuel during fasting and starvation as they can be converted to Ac-CoA to produce ATP. A ketogenic diet (KD), enriched in fats and low in carbohydrates, induces KB production in the liver and favors their use in the brain. BHB is the most abundant KB in the circulation; in addition to its role as energy fuel, it exerts many actions that impact the set of proteins in the cell and tissue. BHB can covalently bind to proteins in lysine residues as a new post-translational modification (PTM) named β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb). Kbhb has been identified in many proteins where Kbhb sites can be critical for binding to other proteins or cofactors. Kbhb is mostly found in proteins involved in chromatin structure, DNA repair, regulation of spliceosome, transcription, and oxidative phosphorylation. Histones are the most studied family of proteins with this PTM, and H3K9bhb is the best studied histone mark. Their target genes are mainly related to cell metabolism, chromatin remodeling and the control of circadian rhythms. The role of Kbhb on physiological processes is poorly known, but it might link KB metabolism to cell signaling and genome regulation. BHB also impacts the proteome by influencing proteostasis. This KB can modulate the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and autophagy, two processes involved in the maintenance of protein homeostasis through the clearance of accumulated unfolded and damaged proteins. BHB can support proteostasis and regulate the UPR to promote metabolism adaptation in the liver and prevent cell damage in the brain. Also, BHB stimulates autophagy aiding to the degradation of accumulated proteins. Protein aggregation is common to proteinopathies like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, where the KD and BHB treatment have shown favorable effects. In the present review, the current literature supporting the effects of KBs on proteome conformation and proteostasis is discussed, as well as its possible impact on AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico
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Madhavan SS, Roa Diaz S, Peralta S, Nomura M, King CD, Lin A, Bhaumik D, Shah S, Blade T, Gray W, Chamoli M, Eap B, Panda O, Diaz D, Garcia TY, Stubbs BJ, Lithgow GJ, Schilling B, Verdin E, Chaudhuri AR, Newman JC. β-hydroxybutyrate is a metabolic regulator of proteostasis in the aged and Alzheimer disease brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547547. [PMID: 37461525 PMCID: PMC10349929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Loss of proteostasis is a hallmark of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we identify β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), a ketone body, as a regulator of protein solubility in the aging brain. βHB is a small molecule metabolite which primarily provides an oxidative substrate for ATP during hypoglycemic conditions, and also regulates other cellular processes through covalent and noncovalent protein interactions. We demonstrate βHB-induced protein insolubility across in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo mouse systems. This activity is shared by select structurally similar metabolites, is not dependent on covalent protein modification, pH, or solute load, and is observable in mouse brain in vivo after delivery of a ketone ester. Furthermore, this phenotype is selective for pathological proteins such as amyloid-β, and exogenous βHB ameliorates pathology in nematode models of amyloid-β aggregation toxicity. We have generated a comprehensive atlas of the βHB-induced protein insolublome ex vivo and in vivo using mass spectrometry proteomics, and have identified common protein domains within βHB target sequences. Finally, we show enrichment of neurodegeneration-related proteins among βHB targets and the clearance of these targets from mouse brain, likely via βHB-induced autophagy. Overall, these data indicate a new metabolically regulated mechanism of proteostasis relevant to aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Madhavan
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Roa Diaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Peralta
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - M Nomura
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - C D King
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - A Lin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D Bhaumik
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - S Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - T Blade
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - W Gray
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - M Chamoli
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - B Eap
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Panda
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - D Diaz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - T Y Garcia
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B J Stubbs
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - G J Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Chaudhuri
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - J C Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Satoh T. New prebiotics by ketone donation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023:S1043-2760(23)00091-7. [PMID: 37271711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrity of the microbiome is an essential element for human gut health. 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) secreted into the gut lumen has gained attention as a regulator of gut physiology, including stem cell expansion. In this opinion, I propose new prebiotics leading to gut health by use of a ketone (3HB) donor. When exogenous 3HB is supplied through ketone donation, it has the potential to markedly improve gut health by altering the gut microbiome and systemic metabolic status. Poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) donates 3HB and primarily influences microbiota, making it an effective prebiotic for improving the gut environment. Thus, exogenous 3HB donation to the lumen of the gut may aid gut health by maintaining the integrity of microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Satoh
- Department of Antiaging Food Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan.
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22
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Peters JD, Peters MP, Bradshaw PC. Nicotinamide riboside functions during development while beta-hydroxybutyrate functions during adulthood to extend C. elegans lifespan. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000841. [PMID: 37325193 PMCID: PMC10267727 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3 and a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) precursor, has been shown to activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt ) and extend the lifespan when supplemented to C. elegans. The ketone body and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has also been shown to extend C. elegans lifespan. Experiments were performed that showed that NR extended lifespan by acting almost exclusively during larval development, while BHB extended lifespan by acting during adulthood, and the combination of NR during development and BHB during adulthood unexpectedly decreased lifespan. This suggests that hormesis is involved in the lifespan-altering effects of BHB and NR and that they are inducing parallel longevity pathways that converge on a common downstream target.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Dylan Peters
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Patrick C. Bradshaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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23
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Emerson FJ, Chiu C, Lin LY, Riedel CG, Zhu M, Lee SS. The chromatin factors SET-26 and HCF-1 oppose the histone deacetylase HDA-1 in longevity and gene regulation in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.531974. [PMID: 36993207 PMCID: PMC10055255 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.531974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
SET-26, HCF-1, and HDA-1 are highly conserved chromatin factors with key roles in development and aging. Here we present mechanistic insights into how these factors regulate gene expression and modulate longevity in C. elegans. We show that SET-26 and HCF-1 cooperate to regulate a common set of genes, and both antagonize the histone deacetylase HDA-1 to limit longevity. We propose a model in which SET-26 recruits HCF-1 to chromatin in somatic cells, where they stabilize each other at the promoters of a subset of genes, particularly mitochondrial function genes, and regulate their expression. HDA-1 opposes SET-26 and HCF-1 on the regulation of a subset of their common target genes and in longevity. Our findings suggest that SET-26, HCF-1, and HDA-1 comprise a mechanism to fine-tune gene expression and longevity and likely have important implications for the mechanistic understanding of how these factors function in diverse organisms, particularly in aging biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity J. Emerson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Caitlin Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Y. Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Christian G. Riedel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siu Sylvia Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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24
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Goldberg EL, Letian A, Dlugos T, Leveau C, Dixit VD. Innate immune cell-intrinsic ketogenesis is dispensable for organismal metabolism and age-related inflammation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103005. [PMID: 36775129 PMCID: PMC10025153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, but the mechanisms that allow this to persist are not well understood. Ketone bodies are alternative fuels produced when glucose is limited and improve indicators of healthspan in aging mouse models. Moreover, the most abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells, a key potentiator of age-related inflammation. Given that myeloid cells express ketogenic machinery, we hypothesized this pathway may serve as a metabolic checkpoint of inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we conditionally ablated ketogenesis by disrupting expression of the terminal enzyme required for ketogenesis, 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase (HMGCL). By deleting HMGCL in the liver, we validated the functional targeting and establish that the liver is the only organ that can produce the life-sustaining quantities of ketone bodies required for survival during fasting or ketogenic diet feeding. Conditional ablation of HMGCL in neutrophils and macrophages had modest effects on body weight and glucose tolerance in aging, but worsened glucose homeostasis in myeloid cell-specific Hmgcl-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results suggest that during aging, liver-derived circulating ketone bodies might be more important for deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome and controlling organismal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Goldberg
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco.
| | - Anudari Letian
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Tamara Dlugos
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Claire Leveau
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine.
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Hwang CY, Choe W, Yoon KS, Ha J, Kim SS, Yeo EJ, Kang I. Molecular Mechanisms for Ketone Body Metabolism, Signaling Functions, and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224932. [PMID: 36432618 PMCID: PMC9694619 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketone bodies (KBs) β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important alternative energy sources for glucose during nutrient deprivation. KBs synthesized by hepatic ketogenesis are catabolized to acetyl-CoA through ketolysis in extrahepatic tissues, followed by the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain for ATP production. Ketogenesis and ketolysis are regulated by the key rate-limiting enzymes, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 and succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid-CoA transferase, respectively. KBs participate in various cellular processes as signaling molecules. KBs bind to G protein-coupled receptors. The most abundant KB, β-hydroxybutyrate, regulates gene expression and other cellular functions by inducing post-translational modifications. KBs protect tissues by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. Recently, interest in KBs has been increasing due to their potential for treatment of various diseases such as neurological and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain rapid cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of KB metabolism also plays a role in tumorigenesis in various types of cancer. Targeting metabolic changes through dietary interventions, including fasting and ketogenic diets, has shown beneficial effects in cancer therapy. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of KB metabolism and cellular signaling functions, and the therapeutic potential of KBs and ketogenic diets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.Y.); (I.K.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6050 (E.-J.Y.); +82-2-961-0922 (I.K.)
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.Y.); (I.K.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6050 (E.-J.Y.); +82-2-961-0922 (I.K.)
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26
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Xue R, Yang K, Xiao F, Yang L, Chen G, Li Y, Ye Y, Chen K, Smith ST, Li G, Kong Q, Zhou J. dNAGLU Extends Life Span and Promotes Fitness and Stress Resistance in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214433. [PMID: 36430913 PMCID: PMC9694703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new factors that promote longevity and healthy aging, we studied Drosophila CG13397, an ortholog of the human NAGLU gene, a lysosomal enzyme overexpressed in centenarians. We found that the overexpression of CG13397 (dNAGLU) ubiquitously, or tissue specifically, in the nervous system or fat body could extend fly life span. It also extended the life span of flies overexpressing human Aβ42, in a Drosophila Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. To investigate whether dNAGLU could influence health span, we analyzed the effect of its overexpression on AD flies and found that it improved the climbing ability and stress resistance, including desiccation and hunger, suggesting that dNAGLU improved fly health span. We found that the deposition of Aβ42 in the mushroom body, which is the fly central nervous system, was reduced, and the lysosomal activity in the intestine was increased in dNAGLU over-expressing flies. When NAGLU was overexpressed in human U251-APP cells, which expresses a mutant form of the Aβ-precursor protein (APP), APP-p.M671L, these cells exhibited stronger lysosomal activity and and enhanced expression of lysosomal pathway genes. The concentration of Aβ42 in the cell supernatant was reduced, and the growth arrest caused by APP expression was reversed, suggesting that NAGLU could play a wider role beyond its catalytic activity to enhance lysosomal activity. These results also suggest that NAGLU overexpression could be explored to promote healthy aging and to prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuhui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Guijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yongxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunshuang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Kangning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheryl T. Smith
- Biology Department, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038, USA
| | - Gonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qingpeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jumin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
- Correspondence:
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27
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Pathak SJ, Zhou Z, Steffen D, Tran T, Ad Y, Ramsey JJ, Rutkowsky JM, Baar K. 2-month ketogenic diet preferentially alters skeletal muscle and augments cognitive function in middle aged female mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13706. [PMID: 36148631 PMCID: PMC9577944 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on middle aged female mice is poorly understood as most of this work have been conducted in young female mice or diseased models. We have previously shown that an isocaloric KD started at middle age in male mice results in enhanced mitochondrial mass and function after 2 months on diet and improved cognitive behavior after being on diet for 14 months when compared with their control diet (CD) fed counterparts. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of an isocaloric 2-month KD or CD on healthy 14-month-old female mice. At 16 months of age cognitive behavior tests were performed and then serum, skeletal muscle, cortex, and hippocampal tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Two months on a KD resulted in enhanced cognitive behavior associated with anxiety, memory, and willingness to explore. The improved neurocognitive function was associated with increased PGC1α protein in the gastrocnemius (GTN) muscle and nuclear fraction. The KD resulted in a tissue specific increase in mitochondrial mass and kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) levels in the GTN and soleus muscles, with a corresponding decrease in kynurenine and increase in kynurenic acid levels in serum. With KAT proteins being responsible for converting kynurenine into kynurenic acid, which is unable to cross the blood brain barrier and be turned into quinolinic acid-a potent neurotoxin, this study provides a potential mechanism of crosstalk between muscle and brain in mice on a KD that may contribute to improved cognitive function in middle-aged female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj J. Pathak
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danielle Steffen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tommy Tran
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yael Ad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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28
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NADPH and Mitochondrial Quality Control as Targets for a Circadian-Based Fasting and Exercise Therapy for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152416. [PMID: 35954260 PMCID: PMC9367803 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The improper selection of mitochondria for mitophagy increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lowers ATP levels. The downstream effects include oxidative damage, failure to maintain proteostasis and ion gradients, and decreased NAD+ and NADPH levels, resulting in insufficient energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis. A ketosis-based metabolic therapy that increases the levels of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) may reverse the dysfunctional MQC by partially replacing glucose as an energy source, by stimulating mitophagy, and by decreasing inflammation. Fasting can potentially raise cytoplasmic NADPH levels by increasing the mitochondrial export and cytoplasmic metabolism of ketone body-derived citrate that increases flux through isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). NADPH is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide synthase, and the nitric oxide synthesized can diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix and react with electron transport chain-synthesized superoxide to form peroxynitrite. Excessive superoxide and peroxynitrite production can cause the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) to depolarize the mitochondria and activate PINK1-dependent mitophagy. Both fasting and exercise increase ketogenesis and increase the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, both of which are beneficial for neuronal metabolism. In addition, both fasting and exercise engage the adaptive cellular stress response signaling pathways that protect neurons against the oxidative and proteotoxic stress implicated in PD. Here, we discuss how intermittent fasting from the evening meal through to the next-day lunch together with morning exercise, when circadian NAD+/NADH is most oxidized, circadian NADP+/NADPH is most reduced, and circadian mitophagy gene expression is high, may slow the progression of PD.
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29
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Litke R, Vicari J, Huang BT, Gonzalez D, Grimaldi N, Sharma O, Ma G, Shapiro L, Yoon Y, Kellner C, Mobbs C. Diets, genes, and drugs that increase lifespan and delay age-related diseases: Role of nutrient-sensing neurons and Creb-binding protein. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173428. [PMID: 35868565 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of interventions that delay or minimize age-related diseases is arguably the major goal of aging research. Conversely discovery of interventions based on phenotypic screens have often led to further elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms. Although most hypotheses to explain lifespan focus on cell-autonomous processes, increasing evidence suggests that in multicellular organisms, neurons, particularly nutrient-sensing neurons, play a determinative role in lifespan and age-related diseases. For example, protective effects of dietary restriction and inactivation of insulin-like signaling increase lifespan and delay age-related diseases dependent on Creb-binding protein in GABA neurons, and Nrf2/Skn1 in just 2 nutrient-sensing neurons in C. elegans. Screens for drugs that increase lifespan also indicate that such drugs are predominantly active through neuronal signaling. Our own screens also indicate that neuroactive drugs also delay pathology in an animal model of Alzheimer's Disease, as well as inhibit cytokine production implicated in driving many age-related diseases. The most likely mechanism by which nutrient-sensing neurons influence lifespan and the onset of age-related diseases is by regulating metabolic architecture, particularly the relative rate of glycolysis vs. alternative metabolic pathways such as ketone and lipid metabolism. These results suggest that neuroactive compounds are a most promising class of drugs to delay or minimize age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Litke
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - James Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bik Tzu Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Damian Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Grimaldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ojee Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lila Shapiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - YoneJung Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Christopher Kellner
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Charles Mobbs
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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Wang YZ, Guo SY, Kong RL, Sui AR, Wang ZH, Guan RX, Supratik K, Zhao J, Li S. Scorpion Venom Heat–Resistant Synthesized Peptide Increases Stress Resistance and Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via the Insulin/IGF-1-Like Signal Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919269. [PMID: 35910355 PMCID: PMC9330001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving healthy life expectancy by targeting aging-related pathological changes has been the spotlight of geroscience. Scorpions have been used in traditional medicine in Asia and Africa for a long time. We have isolated heat-resistant peptides from scorpion venom of Buthusmartensii Karsch (SVHRP) and found that SVHRP can attenuate microglia activation and protect Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) against β-amyloid toxicity. Based on the amino acid sequence of these peptides, scorpion venom heat–resistant synthesized peptide (SVHRSP) was prepared using polypeptide synthesis technology. In the present study, we used C. elegans as a model organism to assess the longevity-related effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of SVHRSP in vivo. The results showed that SVHRSP could prolong the lifespan of worms and significantly improve the age-related physiological functions of worms. SVHRSP increases the survival rate of larvae under oxidative and heat stress and decreases the level of reactive oxygen species and fat accumulation in vivo. Using gene-specific mutation of C. elegans, we found that SVHRSP-mediated prolongation of life depends on Daf-2, Daf-16, Skn-1, and Hsf-1 genes. These results indicate that the antiaging mechanism of SVHRSP in nematodes might be mediated by the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, SVHRSP could also up-regulate the expression of stress-inducing genes Hsp-16.2, Sod-3, Gei-7, and Ctl-1 associated with aging. In general, our study may have important implications for SVHRSP to promote healthy aging and provide strategies for research and development of drugs to treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zi Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song-Yu Guo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui-Li Kong
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ao-Ran Sui
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong-Xiao Guan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kundu Supratik
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhao, ; Shao Li,
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhao, ; Shao Li,
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31
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McIntyre RL, Liu YJ, Hu M, Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA, Houtkooper RH, Janssens GE. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical activation of FOXO3 for healthy longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101621. [PMID: 35421606 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased substantially over the last 150 years. Yet this means that now most people also spend a greater length of time suffering from various age-associated diseases. As such, delaying age-related functional decline and extending healthspan, the period of active older years free from disease and disability, is an overarching objective of current aging research. Geroprotectors, compounds that target pathways that causally influence aging, are increasingly recognized as a means to extend healthspan in the aging population. Meanwhile, FOXO3 has emerged as a geroprotective gene intricately involved in aging and healthspan. FOXO3 genetic variants are linked to human longevity, reduced disease risks, and even self-reported health. Therefore, identification of FOXO3-activating compounds represents one of the most direct candidate approaches to extending healthspan in aging humans. In this work, we review compounds that activate FOXO3, or influence healthspan or lifespan in a FOXO3-dependent manner. These compounds can be classified as pharmaceuticals, including PI3K/AKT inhibitors and AMPK activators, antidepressants and antipsychotics, muscle relaxants, and HDAC inhibitors, or as nutraceuticals, including primary metabolites involved in cell growth and sustenance, and secondary metabolites including extracts, polyphenols, terpenoids, and other purified natural compounds. The compounds documented here provide a basis and resource for further research and development, with the ultimate goal of promoting healthy longevity in humans.
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Liu JK. Antiaging agents: safe interventions to slow aging and healthy life span extension. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35534591 PMCID: PMC9086005 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Human longevity has increased dramatically during the past century. More than 20% of the 9 billion population of the world will exceed the age of 60 in 2050. Since the last three decades, some interventions and many preclinical studies have been found to show slowing aging and increasing the healthy lifespan of organisms from yeast, flies, rodents to nonhuman primates. The interventions are classified into two groups: lifestyle modifications and pharmacological/genetic manipulations. Some genetic pathways have been characterized to have a specific role in controlling aging and lifespan. Thus, all genes in the pathways are potential antiaging targets. Currently, many antiaging compounds target the calorie-restriction mimetic, autophagy induction, and putative enhancement of cell regeneration, epigenetic modulation of gene activity such as inhibition of histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases, are under development. It appears evident that the exploration of new targets for these antiaging agents based on biogerontological research provides an incredible opportunity for the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. The present review focus on the properties of slow aging and healthy life span extension of natural products from various biological resources, endogenous substances, drugs, and synthetic compounds, as well as the mechanisms of targets for antiaging evaluation. These bioactive compounds that could benefit healthy aging and the potential role of life span extension are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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34
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Pickel L, Iliuta IA, Scholey J, Pei Y, Sung HK. Dietary Interventions in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:652-666. [PMID: 34755831 PMCID: PMC8970828 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the progressive growth of renal cysts, leading to the loss of functional nephrons. Recommendations for individuals with ADPKD to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle are largely similar to those for the general population. However, recent evidence from preclinical models suggests that more tightly specified dietary regimens, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and ketogenic diets, hold promise to slow disease progression, and the results of ongoing human clinical trials are eagerly awaited. These dietary interventions directly influence nutrient signaling and substrate availability in the cystic kidney, while also conferring systemic metabolic benefits. The present review focuses on the importance of local and systemic metabolism in ADPKD and summarizes current evidence for dietary interventions to slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioan-Andrei Iliuta
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Scholey
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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35
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Galow AM, Peleg S. How to Slow down the Ticking Clock: Age-Associated Epigenetic Alterations and Related Interventions to Extend Life Span. Cells 2022; 11:468. [PMID: 35159278 PMCID: PMC8915189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations pose one major hallmark of organismal aging. Here, we provide an overview on recent findings describing the epigenetic changes that arise during aging and in related maladies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Specifically, we focus on alterations of histone modifications and DNA methylation and illustrate the link with metabolic pathways. Age-related epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic deregulations are highly interconnected, which renders dissociating cause and effect complicated. However, growing amounts of evidence support the notion that aging is not only accompanied by epigenetic alterations, but also at least in part induced by those. DNA methylation clocks emerged as a tool to objectively determine biological aging and turned out as a valuable source in search of factors positively and negatively impacting human life span. Moreover, specific epigenetic signatures can be used as biomarkers for age-associated disorders or even as targets for therapeutic approaches, as will be covered in this review. Finally, we summarize recent potential intervention strategies that target epigenetic mechanisms to extend healthy life span and provide an outlook on future developments in the field of longevity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Shahaf Peleg
- Research Group Epigenetics, Metabolism and Longevity, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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36
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Hofer SJ, Carmona‐Gutierrez D, Mueller MI, Madeo F. The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14418. [PMID: 34779138 PMCID: PMC8749464 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated diseases are rising to pandemic proportions, exposing the need for efficient and low-cost methods to tackle these maladies at symptomatic, behavioral, metabolic, and physiological levels. While nutrition and health are closely intertwined, our limited understanding of how diet precisely influences disease often precludes the medical use of specific dietary interventions. Caloric restriction (CR) has approached clinical application as a powerful, yet simple, dietary modulation that extends both life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorates various diseases. However, due to psychological and social-behavioral limitations, CR may be challenging to implement into real life. Thus, CR-mimicking interventions have been developed, including intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and macronutrient modulation. Nonetheless, possible side effects of CR and alternatives thereof must be carefully considered. We summarize key concepts and differences in these dietary interventions in humans, discuss their molecular effects, and shed light on advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Melanie I Mueller
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
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Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future. Sports Med 2022; 52:25-67. [PMID: 36214993 PMCID: PMC9734240 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) have pleiotropic effects in multiple organs including brain, heart, and skeletal muscle by serving as an alternative substrate for energy provision, and by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, catabolic processes, and gene expression. Of particular relevance to athletes are the metabolic actions of ketone bodies to alter substrate utilisation through attenuating glucose utilisation in peripheral tissues, anti-lipolytic effects on adipose tissue, and attenuation of proteolysis in skeletal muscle. There has been long-standing interest in the development of ingestible forms of ketone bodies that has recently resulted in the commercial availability of exogenous ketone supplements (EKS). These supplements in the form of ketone salts and ketone esters, in addition to ketogenic compounds such as 1,3-butanediol and medium chain triglycerides, facilitate an acute transient increase in circulating AcAc and βHB concentrations, which has been termed 'acute nutritional ketosis' or 'intermittent exogenous ketosis'. Some studies have suggested beneficial effects of EKS to endurance performance, recovery, and overreaching, although many studies have failed to observe benefits of acute nutritional ketosis on performance or recovery. The present review explores the rationale and historical development of EKS, the mechanistic basis for their proposed effects, both positive and negative, and evidence to date for their effects on exercise performance and recovery outcomes before concluding with a discussion of methodological considerations and future directions in this field.
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Fan S, Lin C, Wei Y, Yeh S, Tsai Y, Lee AC, Lin W, Wang P. Dietary citrate supplementation enhances longevity, metabolic health, and memory performance through promoting ketogenesis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13510. [PMID: 34719871 PMCID: PMC8672782 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrate is an essential substrate for energy metabolism that plays critical roles in regulating cell growth and survival. However, the action of citrate in regulating metabolism, cognition, and aging at the organismal level remains poorly understood. Here, we report that dietary supplementation with citrate significantly reduces energy status and extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Our genetic studies in fruit flies implicate a molecular mechanism associated with AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), target of rapamycin (TOR), and ketogenesis. Mice fed a high‐fat diet that supplemented with citrate or the ketone body β‐hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) also display improved metabolic health and memory. These results suggest that dietary citrate supplementation may prove to be a useful intervention in the future treatment of age‐related dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou‐Zen Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Sheng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Wei
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Rong Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Andrew Chengyu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Sheng Lin
- Department of Pediatrics Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
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39
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Unno T, Takatsuka H, Ohnishi Y, Ito M, Kubota Y. A class I histone deacetylase HDA-2 is essential for embryonic development and size regulation of fertilized eggs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:343-357. [PMID: 34843089 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caenorhabditis elegans encodes three class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDA-1, HDA-2, and HDA-3. Although HDA-1 is known to be involved in embryogenesis, the regulatory roles of HDA-2 and HDA-3 in embryonic development remain unexplored. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the functional roles of the three class I HDACs in C. elegans embryonic development. METHODS The roles of Class I HDACs, HDA-1, HDA-2, and HDA-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans during embryogenesis were investigated through the analysis of embryonic lethality via gene knockdown or deletion mutants. Additionally, the size of these knockdown and mutant eggs was observed using a differential interference contrast microscope. Finally, expression pattern and tissue-specific role of hda-2 and transcriptome of the hda-2 mutant were analyzed. RESULTS Here, we report that HDA-1 and HDA-2, but not HDA-3, play essential roles in Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic development. Our observations of the fertilized egg size variance demonstrated that HDA-2 is involved in regulating the size of fertilized eggs. Combined analysis of expression patterns and sheath cell-specific rescue experiments indicated that the transgenerational role of HDA-2 is involved in the viability of embryonic development and fertilized egg size regulation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of hda-2 mutant embryos implies that HDA-2 is involved in epigenetic regulation of embryonic biological processes by downregulating and upregulating the gene expression. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that HDA-2 regulates the embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans by controling a specific subset of genes, and this function might be mediated by transgenerational epigenetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Unno
- Advanced Life Sciences Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takatsuka
- Advanced Life Sciences Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuto Ohnishi
- Advanced Life Sciences Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Advanced Life Sciences Program, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kubota
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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40
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Abstract
Caloric restriction has been known for nearly a century to extend life span and delay age-associated pathology in laboratory animals. More recently, alternative “antiaging” diet modalities have been described that provide new mechanistic insights and potential clinical applications. These include intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets, ketogenic diets, time-restricted feeding, protein restriction, and dietary restriction of specific amino acids. Despite mainstream popularization of some of these diets, many questions remain about their efficacy outside of a laboratory setting. Studies of these interventions support at least partially overlapping mechanisms of action and provide insights into what appear to be highly conserved mechanisms of biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA
| | - Cristal M Hill
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470, USA
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41
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Zhou Y, Hu G, Wang MC. Host and microbiota metabolic signals in aging and longevity. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1027-1036. [PMID: 34552221 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable biochemical process that adversely affects personal health and poses ever-increasing challenges to society. Recent research has revealed the crucial role of metabolism in regulating aging and longevity. During diverse metabolic processes, the host organism and their symbiotic partners-the microbiota-produce thousands of chemical products (metabolites). Emerging studies have uncovered specific metabolites that act as signaling molecules to actively regulate longevity. Here we review the latest progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which metabolites from the host and/or microbiota promote longevity. We also highlight state-of-the-art technologies for discovering, profiling and imaging aging- and longevity-regulating metabolites and for deciphering the molecular basis of their actions. The broad application of these technologies in aging research, together with future advances, will foster the systematic discovery of aging- and longevity-regulating metabolites and their signaling pathways. These metabolite signals should provide promising targets for developing new interventions to promote longevity and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guo Hu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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42
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Wang L, Chen P, Xiao W. β-hydroxybutyrate as an Anti-Aging Metabolite. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103420. [PMID: 34684426 PMCID: PMC8540704 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketone bodies, especially β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), derive from fatty acid oxidation and alternatively serve as a fuel source for peripheral tissues including the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. β-HB is currently considered not solely an energy substrate for maintaining metabolic homeostasis but also acts as a signaling molecule of modulating lipolysis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. Besides, it serves as an epigenetic regulator in terms of histone methylation, acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation to delay various age-related diseases. In addition, studies support endogenous β-HB administration or exogenous supplementation as effective strategies to induce a metabolic state of nutritional ketosis. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of β-HB metabolism and its relationship and application in age-related diseases. Future studies are needed to reveal whether β-HB has the potential to serve as adjunctive nutritional therapy for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peijie Chen
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (W.X.); Tel.: +86-021-65508039 (P.C.); +86-021-65507367 (W.X.)
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (W.X.); Tel.: +86-021-65508039 (P.C.); +86-021-65507367 (W.X.)
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43
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Wang L, Chen P, Xiao W. β-hydroxybutyrate as an Anti-Aging Metabolite. Nutrients 2021; 13:3420. [PMID: 34684426 PMCID: PMC8540704 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103420&set/a 930838900+926910489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketone bodies, especially β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), derive from fatty acid oxidation and alternatively serve as a fuel source for peripheral tissues including the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. β-HB is currently considered not solely an energy substrate for maintaining metabolic homeostasis but also acts as a signaling molecule of modulating lipolysis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. Besides, it serves as an epigenetic regulator in terms of histone methylation, acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation to delay various age-related diseases. In addition, studies support endogenous β-HB administration or exogenous supplementation as effective strategies to induce a metabolic state of nutritional ketosis. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of β-HB metabolism and its relationship and application in age-related diseases. Future studies are needed to reveal whether β-HB has the potential to serve as adjunctive nutritional therapy for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peijie Chen
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (W.X.); Tel.: +86-021-65508039 (P.C.); +86-021-65507367 (W.X.)
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (W.X.); Tel.: +86-021-65508039 (P.C.); +86-021-65507367 (W.X.)
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44
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β-hydroxybutyrate as an Anti-Aging Metabolite. Nutrients 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/nu13103420
expr 933295879 + 814156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketone bodies, especially β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), derive from fatty acid oxidation and alternatively serve as a fuel source for peripheral tissues including the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. β-HB is currently considered not solely an energy substrate for maintaining metabolic homeostasis but also acts as a signaling molecule of modulating lipolysis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. Besides, it serves as an epigenetic regulator in terms of histone methylation, acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation to delay various age-related diseases. In addition, studies support endogenous β-HB administration or exogenous supplementation as effective strategies to induce a metabolic state of nutritional ketosis. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of β-HB metabolism and its relationship and application in age-related diseases. Future studies are needed to reveal whether β-HB has the potential to serve as adjunctive nutritional therapy for aging.
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45
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Kovács Z, Brunner B, Ari C. Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Ketogenic Supplements on Aging Processes and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072197. [PMID: 34206738 PMCID: PMC8308443 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy of humans has increased continuously up to the present days, but their health status (healthspan) was not enhanced by similar extent. To decrease enormous medical, economical and psychological burden that arise from this discrepancy, improvement of healthspan is needed that leads to delaying both aging processes and development of age-related diseases, thereby extending lifespan. Thus, development of new therapeutic tools to alleviate aging processes and related diseases and to increase life expectancy is a topic of increasing interest. It is widely accepted that ketosis (increased blood ketone body levels, e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate) can generate neuroprotective effects. Ketosis-evoked neuroprotective effects may lead to improvement in health status and delay both aging and the development of related diseases through improving mitochondrial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, histone and non-histone acetylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation of histones, modulation of neurotransmitter systems and RNA functions. Administration of exogenous ketogenic supplements was proven to be an effective method to induce and maintain a healthy state of nutritional ketosis. Consequently, exogenous ketogenic supplements, such as ketone salts and ketone esters, may mitigate aging processes, delay the onset of age-associated diseases and extend lifespan through ketosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the main hallmarks of aging processes and certain signaling pathways in association with (putative) beneficial influences of exogenous ketogenic supplements-evoked ketosis on lifespan, aging processes, the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as well as impaired learning and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Kovács
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitta Brunner
- Department of Biology, Savaria University Centre, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4., 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; (Z.K.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str. 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csilla Ari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, PCD 3127, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Ketone Technologies LLC, 2780 E. Fowler Ave. #226, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-2409925
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46
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Alonso-Lavin AJ, Bajić D, Poyatos JF. Tolerance to NADH/NAD + imbalance anticipates aging and anti-aging interventions. iScience 2021; 24:102697. [PMID: 34195572 PMCID: PMC8239738 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox couples coordinate cellular function, but the consequences of their imbalances are unclear. This is somewhat associated with the limitations of their experimental quantification. Here we circumvent these difficulties by presenting an approach that characterizes fitness-based tolerance profiles to redox couple imbalances using an in silico representation of metabolism. Focusing on the NADH/NAD+ redox couple in yeast, we demonstrate that reductive disequilibria generate metabolic syndromes comparable to those observed in cancer cells. The tolerance of yeast mutants to redox disequilibrium can also explain 30% of the variability in their experimentally measured chronological lifespan. Moreover, by predicting the significance of some metabolites to help stand imbalances, we correctly identify nutrients underlying mechanisms of pathology, lifespan-protecting molecules, or caloric restriction mimetics. Tolerance to redox imbalances becomes, in this way, a sound framework to recognize properties of the aging phenotype while providing a consistent biological rationale to assess anti-aging interventions. We simulate how imbalances in NADH/NAD+ ratio modify cellular metabolic behavior This reveals a mechanism to understand metabolic alterations at low growth rates Tolerance to imbalance explains experimentally measured lifespan in yeast We predict lifespan-protecting metabolites in yeast, animal, and human models
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvar J. Alonso-Lavin
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Djordje Bajić
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juan F. Poyatos
- Logic of Genomic Systems Laboratory (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
- Corresponding author
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47
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Smith DL, Orlandella RM, Allison DB, Norian LA. Diabetes medications as potential calorie restriction mimetics-a focus on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. GeroScience 2021. [PMID: 33006707 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00278-x/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of aging research has grown rapidly over the last half-century, with advancement of scientific technologies to interrogate mechanisms underlying the benefit of life-extending interventions like calorie restriction (CR). Coincident with this increase in knowledge has been the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty in practicing long-term CR, a search for compounds (CR mimetics) which could recapitulate the health and longevity benefits without requiring food intake reductions was proposed. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are compounds that function predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates, delaying and decreasing monosaccharide uptake from the gut in the treatment of T2D. Acarbose, an AGI, has been shown in pre-clinical models to increase lifespan (greater longevity benefits in males), with decreased body weight gain independent of calorie intake reduction. The CR mimetic benefits of acarbose are further supported by clinical findings beyond T2D including the risk for other age-related diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular). Open questions remain regarding the exclusivity of acarbose relative to other AGIs, potential off-target effects, and combination with other therapies for healthy aging and longevity extension. Given the promising results in pre-clinical models (even in the absence of T2D), a unique mechanism of action and multiple age-related reduced disease risks that have been reported with acarbose, support for clinical trials with acarbose focusing on aging-related outcomes and incorporating biological sex, age at treatment initiation, and T2D-dependence within the design is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rachael M Orlandella
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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48
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Smith DL, Orlandella RM, Allison DB, Norian LA. Diabetes medications as potential calorie restriction mimetics-a focus on the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. GeroScience 2021; 43:1123-1133. [PMID: 33006707 PMCID: PMC8190416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of aging research has grown rapidly over the last half-century, with advancement of scientific technologies to interrogate mechanisms underlying the benefit of life-extending interventions like calorie restriction (CR). Coincident with this increase in knowledge has been the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Given the difficulty in practicing long-term CR, a search for compounds (CR mimetics) which could recapitulate the health and longevity benefits without requiring food intake reductions was proposed. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are compounds that function predominantly within the gastrointestinal tract to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymatic digestion of complex carbohydrates, delaying and decreasing monosaccharide uptake from the gut in the treatment of T2D. Acarbose, an AGI, has been shown in pre-clinical models to increase lifespan (greater longevity benefits in males), with decreased body weight gain independent of calorie intake reduction. The CR mimetic benefits of acarbose are further supported by clinical findings beyond T2D including the risk for other age-related diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular). Open questions remain regarding the exclusivity of acarbose relative to other AGIs, potential off-target effects, and combination with other therapies for healthy aging and longevity extension. Given the promising results in pre-clinical models (even in the absence of T2D), a unique mechanism of action and multiple age-related reduced disease risks that have been reported with acarbose, support for clinical trials with acarbose focusing on aging-related outcomes and incorporating biological sex, age at treatment initiation, and T2D-dependence within the design is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rachael M Orlandella
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B Allison
- School of Public Health, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, Webb 423, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Robles P, Turner A, Zuco G, Adams S, Paganopolou P, Winton M, Hill B, Kache V, Bateson C, Pires-daSilva A. Parental energy-sensing pathways control intergenerational offspring sex determination in the nematode Auanema freiburgensis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:102. [PMID: 34001117 PMCID: PMC8130380 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental stimuli experienced by the parental generation influence the phenotype of subsequent generations (Demoinet et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E2689-E2698, 2017; Burton et al., Nat Cell Biol 19:252-257, 2017; Agrawal et al., Nature 401:60-63, 1999). The effects of these stimuli on the parental generation may be passed through the germline, but the mechanisms at the basis of this non-Mendelian type of inheritance, their level of conservation, how they lead to adaptive vs non-adaptive, and intergenerational vs transgenerational inheritance are poorly understood. Here we show that modulation of nutrient-sensing pathways in the parental generation of the nematode Auanema freiburgensis regulates phenotypic plasticity of its offspring. RESULTS In response to con-specific pheromones indicative of stress, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and insulin signaling regulate stress resistance and sex determination across one generation, and these effects can be mimicked by pathway modulators. The effectors of these pathways are closely associated with the chromatin, and their regulation affects the chromatin acetylation status in the germline. CONCLUSION These results suggest that highly conserved metabolic sensors regulate phenotypic plasticity through regulation of subcellular localization of their effectors, leading to changes in chromatin acetylation and epigenetic status of the germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Robles
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anisa Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Giusy Zuco
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sally Adams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Michael Winton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Beth Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Vikas Kache
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Christine Bateson
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Andre Pires-daSilva
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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50
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Dowis K, Banga S. The Potential Health Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051654. [PMID: 34068325 PMCID: PMC8153354 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the lack of a comprehensive, multi-faceted overview of the ketogenic diet (KD) in relation to health issues, we compiled the evidence related to the use of the ketogenic diet in relation to its impact on the microbiome, the epigenome, diabetes, weight loss, cardiovascular health, and cancer. The KD diet could potentially increase genetic diversity of the microbiome and increase the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes. The epigenome might be positively affected by the KD since it creates a signaling molecule known as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). KD has helped patients with diabetes reduce their HbA1c and reduce the need for insulin. There is evidence to suggest that a KD can help with weight loss, visceral adiposity, and appetite control. The evidence also suggests that eating a high-fat diet improves lipid profiles by lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lowering triglycerides (TG). Due to the Warburg effect, the KD is used as an adjuvant treatment to starve cancer cells, making them more vulnerable to chemotherapy and radiation. The potential positive impacts of a KD on each of these areas warrant further analysis, improved studies, and well-designed randomized controlled trials to further illuminate the therapeutic possibilities provided by this dietary intervention.
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