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Ghezzi L, Tosti V, Shi L, Cantoni C, Mikesell R, Lancia S, Zhou Y, Obert K, Dula C, Sen MK, Ge A, Tolentino M, Bollman B, Don AS, Matarese G, Colamatteo A, La Rocca C, Lepore MT, Raji CA, Rahmani F, Wu GF, Naismith RT, Fontana L, Cross AH, Salter A, Piccio L. Randomised controlled trial of intermittent calorie restriction in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2024-333465. [PMID: 39137977 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2024-333465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calorie restriction (CR) ameliorates preclinical models of multiple sclerosis (MS) via multiple mechanisms. These include decreased leptin, a proinflammatory adipokine, but mechanistic studies in humans are lacking. Tests of daily and intermittent CR (iCR) in people with MS (pwMS) showed improvements in fatigue and well-being measures. This trial studied the effects of 12-week iCR on metabolic, immunological, and clinical outcomes in pwMS. METHOD Relapsing-remitting MS participants were randomised to iCR or a control group. Study visits were conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was reduction in serum leptin levels at 12 weeks. Feasibility and safety were assessed by diet adherence and adverse events (AEs). Secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric and body composition measures, metabolic and immunologic profiling, and clinical measures. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to evaluate outcome differences between and within groups over time. RESULTS Forty-two pwMS were randomised, 34 completed the study (17/group). Leptin serum levels at 12 weeks were significantly lower in the iCR versus the control group (mean decrease -6.98 µg/dL, 95% CI: -28.02 to 14.06; p=0.03). Adherence to iCR was 99.5% and 97.2% at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, and no serious AEs were reported. An increase in blood CD45RO+ regulatory T-cell numbers was seen after 6 weeks of iCR. Exploratory cognitive testing demonstrated a significant improvement in the Symbol Digit Modality Test Score in the iCR group at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS iCR has the potential to benefit metabolic and immunologic profiles and is safe and feasible in pwMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03539094 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Valeria Tosti
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa Shi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Robert Mikesell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha Lancia
- Department of Neurology, Section on Statistical Planning and Analysis, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Obert
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney Dula
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjie Ge
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miguel Tolentino
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony S Don
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia Gaetano Salvatore, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Claudia La Rocca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia Gaetano Salvatore, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Istituto per l'endocrinologia e l'oncologia Gaetano Salvatore, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Cyrus A Raji
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert T Naismith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne H Cross
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amber Salter
- Department of Neurology, Section on Statistical Planning and Analysis, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Sukhina A, Queriault C, Hall E, Rome K, Aggarwal M, Nunn E, Weiss A, Nguyen J, Bailis W. Malnutrition drives infection susceptibility and dysregulated myelopoiesis that persists after refeeding intervention. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608575. [PMID: 39229137 PMCID: PMC11370435 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Undernutrition is one of the largest persistent global health crises, with nearly 1 billion people facing severe food insecurity. Infectious disease represents the main underlying cause of morbidity and mortality for malnourished individuals, with infection during malnutrition representing the leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. In the face of this complex challenge, simple refeeding protocols have remained the primary treatment strategy. Although an association between undernutrition and infection susceptibility has been appreciated for over a century, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and the extent to which refeeding intervention is sufficient to reverse nutritionally acquired immunodeficiency is unclear. Here we investigate how malnutrition leads to immune dysfunction and the ability of refeeding to repair it. We find that chronic malnutrition severely impairs the ability of animals to control a sub-lethal bacterial infection. Malnourished animals exhibit blunted immune cell expansion, impaired immune function, and accelerated contraction prior to pathogen clearance. While this defect is global, we find that myelopoiesis is uniquely impacted, resulting in in reduced neutrophil and monocyte numbers prior to and post-infection. Upon refeeding, we observe that animals recover body mass, size, cellularity across all major immune organs, the capacity to undergo normal immune cell expansion in response to infection, and a restoration in T cell responses. Despite this broad improvement, refed animals remain susceptible to bacterial infection, uncoupling global lymphoid atrophy from immunodeficiency. Mechanistically, we find peripheral neutrophil and monocyte numbers fail to fully recover and refed animals are unable to undergo normal emergency myelopoiesis. Altogether, this work identifies a novel cellular link between prior nutritional state and immunocompetency, highlighting dysregulated myelopoiesis as a major driver. We believe these findings illustrate how exposure to food scarcity is an immunologic variable, even post-recovery, which should be accounted for in patient medical history and current global public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Sukhina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Clemence Queriault
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elise Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kelly Rome
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Muskaan Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elizabeth Nunn
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Weiss
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Janet Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Will Bailis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Tizazu AM. Fasting and calorie restriction modulate age-associated immunosenescence and inflammaging. Aging Med (Milton) 2024; 7:499-509. [PMID: 39234195 PMCID: PMC11369340 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process impacting cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body. Like other systems, aging affects both the adaptive and the innate components of the immune system, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The deregulation of the immune system puts elderly individuals at higher risk of infection, lower response to vaccines, and increased incidence of cancer. In the Western world, overnutrition has increased the incidence of obesity (linked with chronic inflammation) which increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Aging is also associated with inflammaging a sterile chronic inflammation that predisposes individuals to age-associated disease. Genetic manipulation of the nutrient-sensing pathway, fasting, and calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to increase the lifespan of model organisms. As well in humans, fasting and CR have also been shown to improve different health parameters. Yet the direct effect of fasting and CR on the aging immune system needs to be further explored. Identifying the effect of fasting and CR on the immune system and how it modulates different parameters of immunosenescence could be important in designing pharmacological or nutritional interventions that slow or revert immunosenescence and strengthen the immune system of elderly individuals. Furthermore, clinical intervention can also be planned, by incorporating fasting or CR with medication, chemotherapy, and vaccination regimes. This review discusses age-associated changes in the immune system and how these changes are modified by fasting and CR which add information on interventions that promote healthy aging and longevity in the growing aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Mehari Tizazu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of MedicineSt. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis AbabaEthiopia
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4
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Brogi S, Tabanelli R, Puca S, Calderone V. Intermittent Fasting: Myths, Fakes and Truth on This Dietary Regimen Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1960. [PMID: 38998465 PMCID: PMC11241639 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been indicated as a valuable alternative to the classical caloric restriction dietary regimen for lowering body weight and preventing obesity-related complications, such as metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. However, is it effective? In this review article, we analyzed over 50 clinical studies in which IF, conducted by alternate day fasting (ADF) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), was compared with the caloric restriction approach. We evaluated the different roles of IF in treating and preventing human disorders such as metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and some types of cancer, as well as the usefulness of IF in reducing body weight and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. Furthermore, we explored the cellular pathways targeted by IF to exert their beneficial effects by activating effector proteins that modulate cell functions and resistance to oxidative stress. In contrast, we investigated concerns regarding human health related to the adoption of IF dietary regimens, highlighting the profound debate surrounding weight loss regimens. We examined and compared several clinical trials to formulate an updated concept regarding IF and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rita Tabanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Sara Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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5
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Benjamin C, Crews R. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation: Understanding Metabolic Variability and Clinical Implications. Metabolites 2024; 14:341. [PMID: 38921475 PMCID: PMC11205942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in research focused on NAD+ decline and potential interventions, and despite significant progress, new discoveries continue to highlight the complexity of NAD+ biology. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a well-established NAD+ precursor, has garnered considerable interest due to its capacity to elevate NAD+ levels and induce promising health benefits in preclinical models. Clinical trials investigating NMN supplementation have yielded variable outcomes while shedding light on the intricacies of NMN metabolism and revealing the critical roles played by gut microbiota and specific cellular uptake pathways. Individual variability in factors such as lifestyle, health conditions, genetics, and gut microbiome composition likely contributes to the observed discrepancies in clinical trial results. Preliminary evidence suggests that NMN's effects may be context-dependent, varying based on a person's physiological state. Understanding these nuances is critical for definitively assessing the impact of manipulating NAD+ levels through NMN supplementation. Here, we review NMN metabolism, focusing on current knowledge, pinpointing key areas where further research is needed, and outlining future directions to advance our understanding of its potential clinical significance.
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Hastings WJ, Ye Q, Wolf SE, Ryan CP, Das SK, Huffman KM, Kobor MS, Kraus WE, MacIsaac JL, Martin CK, Racette SB, Redman LM, Belsky DW, Shalev I. Effect of long-term caloric restriction on telomere length in healthy adults: CALERIE™ 2 trial analysis. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14149. [PMID: 38504468 PMCID: PMC11296136 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) modifies lifespan and aging biology in animal models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) 2 trial tested translation of these findings to humans. CALERIE™ randomized healthy, nonobese men and premenopausal women (age 21-50y; BMI 22.0-27.9 kg/m2), to 25% CR or ad-libitum (AL) control (2:1) for 2 years. Prior analyses of CALERIE™ participants' blood chemistries, immunology, and epigenetic data suggest the 2-year CR intervention slowed biological aging. Here, we extend these analyses to test effects of CR on telomere length (TL) attrition. TL was quantified in blood samples collected at baseline, 12-, and 24-months by quantitative PCR (absolute TL; aTL) and a published DNA-methylation algorithm (DNAmTL). Intent-to-treat analysis found no significant differences in TL attrition across the first year, although there were trends toward increased attrition in the CR group for both aTL and DNAmTL measurements. When accounting for adherence heterogeneity with an Effect-of-Treatment-on-the-Treated analysis, greater CR dose was associated with increased DNAmTL attrition during the baseline to 12-month weight-loss period. By contrast, both CR group status and increased CR were associated with reduced aTL attrition over the month 12 to month 24 weight maintenance period. No differences were observed when considering TL change across the study duration from baseline to 24-months, leaving it unclear whether CR-related effects reflect long-term detriments to telomere fidelity, a hormesis-like adaptation to decreased energy availability, or measurement error and insufficient statistical power. Unraveling these trends will be a focus of future CALERIE™ analyses and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waylon J. Hastings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Qiaofeng Ye
- Department of Biobehavioral HealthPennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Wolf
- Department of Biobehavioral HealthPennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Calen P. Ryan
- Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean MayerUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Julia L. MacIsaac
- Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Susan B. Racette
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Butler Columbia Aging CenterColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral HealthPennsylvania State University, University ParkState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
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7
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Lecoutre S, Rebière C, Marcelin G, Clément K. How does bariatric surgery remodel adipose tissue? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:175-178. [PMID: 38871506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This lecture delves into the pivotal role of adipose tissue in obesity and its response to weight loss, particularly via bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue, responsible for storing excess energy, undergoes significant changes during obesity, marked by inflammation and fibrosis. Bariatric surgery, serving as a model, allow the exploration of adipose tissue remodeling post-weight loss, inducing metabolic and fibro-inflammatory shifts. Despite successful weight loss, inflammation and fibrosis persist, as evidenced by changes in immune cells, altered cytokine profiles and the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Unfortunately, these lingering effects impair the normal adipose tissue function. In this context, adipose progenitors, an heterogenous resident population of mesenchymal stromal cells, display functions important to fibrosis development, capable of differentiating into myofibroblasts and contributing to ECM deposition. Particularly, a distinct subpopulation of adipose progenitors with high CD9 expression (CD9high) is associated with fibrosis and insulin resistance in human obesity. The persistence of fibrosis post-weight loss poses challenges, correlating with metabolic dysfunction despite improved glucose tolerance. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving adipose tissue remodeling and fibrosis post-weight loss is imperative for the development of effective treatments for obesity. The intricate interplay between adipose tissue, inflammation, and fibrosis underscores the necessity for further in-depth research to elucidate these mechanisms and formulate targeted therapies for obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Rebière
- Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris Public Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris Public Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France.
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8
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Rius-Bonet J, Macip S, Closa D, Massip-Salcedo M. Intermittent fasting as a dietary intervention with potential sexually dimorphic health benefits. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae062. [PMID: 38812084 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has proven to be a feasible dietary intervention for the wider population. The recent increase in IF clinical trials highlights its potential effects on health, including changes in body composition, cardiometabolic status, and aging. Although IF may have clinical applications in different populations, studies suggest there may be sex-specific responses in parameters such as body composition or glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, the existing literature on IF clinical trials is summarized, the application of IF in both disease prevention and management is discussed, and potential disparities in response to this type of diet between men and women are assessed. Moreover, the potential mechanisms that may be contributing to the sexually dimorphic response, such as age, body composition, tissue distribution, or sex hormones are investigated. This review underscores the need to further study these sex-specific responses to IF to define the most effective time frames and length of fasting periods for men and women. Tailoring IF to specific populations with a personalized approach may help achieve its full potential as a lifestyle intervention with clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rius-Bonet
- FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory - South, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona 08916, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Salvador Macip
- FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory - South, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona 08916, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Marta Massip-Salcedo
- FoodLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Aging Laboratory - South, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona 08916, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Han K, Meadows AM, Rodman MJ, Russo AC, Sharma R, Singh K, Hassanzadeh S, Dagur PK, Huffstutler RD, Krause FN, Griffin JL, Baumer Y, Powell-Wiley TM, Sack MN. Propionate functions as a feeding state-dependent regulatory metabolite to counter proinflammatory signaling linked to nutrient load and obesity. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:738-749. [PMID: 38207130 PMCID: PMC10980352 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally, fasting and refeeding confer anti- and proinflammatory effects, respectively. In humans, these caloric-load interventions function, in part, via regulation of CD4+ T cell biology. However, mechanisms orchestrating this regulation remain incomplete. We employed integrative bioinformatics of RNA sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data to measure serum metabolites and gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from fasting and refeeding in volunteers to identify nutrient-load metabolite-driven immunoregulation. Propionate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and the SCFA-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 43 (ffar2) were coordinately and inversely regulated by fasting and refeeding. Propionate and free fatty acid receptor agonists decreased interferon-γ and interleukin-17 and significantly blunted histone deacetylase activity in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, propionate blunted nuclear factor κB activity and diminished interleukin-6 release. In parallel, propionate reduced phosphorylation of canonical T helper 1 (TH1) and TH17 regulators, STAT1 and STAT3, respectively. Conversely, knockdown of free fatty acid receptors significantly attenuated the anti-inflammatory role of propionate. Interestingly, propionate recapitulated the blunting of CD4+ TH cell activation in primary cells from obese individuals, extending the role of this metabolite to a disease associated with low-grade inflammation. Together, these data identify a nutrient-load responsive SCFA-G protein-coupled receptor linked pathway to regulate CD4+ TH cell immune responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Han
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Allison M Meadows
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Bld, 80 Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Rodman
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Anna Chiara Russo
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Komudi Singh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Shahin Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Rebecca D Huffstutler
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Fynn N Krause
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Bld, 80 Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Bld, 80 Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill Campus, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Rd W, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 5-3342, Bld 10-CRC, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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10
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Raynor JL, Chi H. Nutrients: Signal 4 in T cell immunity. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221839. [PMID: 38411744 PMCID: PMC10899091 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are integral in mediating adaptive immunity to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Upon immune challenge, T cells exit from a quiescent state, followed by clonal expansion and effector differentiation. These processes are shaped by three established immune signals, namely antigen stimulation (Signal 1), costimulation (Signal 2), and cytokines (Signal 3). Emerging findings reveal that nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, are crucial regulators of T cell responses and interplay with Signals 1-3, highlighting nutrients as Signal 4 to license T cell immunity. Here, we first summarize the functional importance of Signal 4 and the underlying mechanisms of nutrient transport, sensing, and signaling in orchestrating T cell activation and quiescence exit. We also discuss the roles of nutrients in programming T cell differentiation and functional fitness and how nutrients can be targeted to improve disease therapy. Understanding how T cells respond to Signal 4 nutrients in microenvironments will provide insights into context-dependent functions of adaptive immunity and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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11
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Wang L, Cheng M, Wang Y, Chen J, Xie F, Huang LH, Zhan C. Fasting-activated ventrolateral medulla neurons regulate T cell homing and suppress autoimmune disease in mice. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:462-470. [PMID: 38182836 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fasting markedly influences the distribution and function of immune cells and exerts potent immunosuppressive effects. However, the mechanisms through which fasting regulates immunity remain obscure. Here we report that catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) are activated during fasting in mice, and we demonstrate that the activity of these CA neurons impacts the distribution of T cells and the development of autoimmune disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Ablation of VLM CA neurons largely reversed fasting-mediated T cell redistribution. Activation of these neurons drove T cell homing to bone marrow in a CXCR4/CXCL12 axis-dependent manner, which may be mediated by a neural circuit that stimulates corticosterone secretion. Similar to fasting, the continuous activation of VLM CA neurons suppressed T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation and cytokine production in autoimmune mouse models and substantially alleviated disease symptoms. Collectively, our study demonstrates neuronal control of inflammation and T cell distribution, suggesting a neural mechanism underlying fasting-mediated immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxiu Cheng
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Famin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hao Huang
- Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Ma JY, Xia TJ, Li S, Yin S, Luo SM, Li G. Germline cell de novo mutations and potential effects of inflammation on germline cell genome stability. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:316-327. [PMID: 36376195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled pathogenic genome mutations in germline cells might impair adult fertility, lead to birth defects or even affect the adaptability of a species. Understanding the sources of DNA damage, as well as the features of damage response in germline cells are the overarching tasks to reduce the mutations in germline cells. With the accumulation of human genome data and genetic reports, genome variants formed in germline cells are being extensively explored. However, the sources of DNA damage, the damage repair mechanisms, and the effects of DNA damage or mutations on the development of germline cells are still unclear. Besides exogenous triggers of DNA damage such as irradiation and genotoxic chemicals, endogenous exposure to inflammation may also contribute to the genome instability of germline cells. In this review, we summarized the features of de novo mutations and the specific DNA damage responses in germline cells and explored the possible roles of inflammation on the genome stability of germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Ma
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tian-Jin Xia
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Faria-Costa G, Oliveira J, Vilas-Boas I, Campelo I, Silva EA, Brás-Silva C, Silva SM, Antunes-Lopes T, Charrua A. The Ketone Bridge Between the Heart and the Bladder: How Fast Should We Go? Int Neurourol J 2024; 28:2-11. [PMID: 38461852 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2346250.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with both cardiovascular and bladder dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) and central obesity, in particular, are the main risk factors. In these patients, vicious pathological cycles exacerbate abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and sustain an inflammatory state, with serious implications for both the heart and bladder. Ketone bodies serve as an alternative energy source in this context. They are considered a "super-fuel" because they generate adenosine triphosphate with less oxygen consumption per molecule, thus enhancing metabolic efficiency. Ketone bodies have a positive impact on all components of MS. They aid in weight loss and glycemic control, lower blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and enhance endothelial function. Additionally, they possess direct anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties. A shared key player in dysfunction of both the heart and bladder dysfunction is the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which ketone bodies inhibit. Interventions that elevate ketone body levels-such as fasting, a ketogenic diet, ketone supplements, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors-have been shown to directly affect cardiovascular outcomes and improve lower urinary tract symptoms derived from MS. This review explores the pathophysiological basis of the benefits of ketone bodies in cardiac and bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Faria-Costa
- Department of Urology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Oliveira
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Vilas-Boas
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Campelo
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Azeredo Silva
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Maria Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Antunes-Lopes
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center São João, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Translational Neurourology group, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Charrua
- Unit of Experimental Biology, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Translational Neurourology group, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Pallavi R, Gatti E, Durfort T, Stendardo M, Ravasio R, Leonardi T, Falvo P, Duso BA, Punzi S, Xieraili A, Polazzi A, Verrelli D, Trastulli D, Ronzoni S, Frascolla S, Perticari G, Elgendy M, Varasi M, Colombo E, Giorgio M, Lanfrancone L, Minucci S, Mazzarella L, Pelicci PG. Caloric restriction leads to druggable LSD1-dependent cancer stem cells expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:828. [PMID: 38280853 PMCID: PMC10821871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Caloric Restriction (CR) has established anti-cancer effects, but its clinical relevance and molecular mechanism remain largely undefined. Here, we investigate CR's impact on several mouse models of Acute Myeloid Leukemias, including Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, a subtype strongly affected by obesity. After an initial marked anti-tumor effect, lethal disease invariably re-emerges. Initially, CR leads to cell-cycle restriction, apoptosis, and inhibition of TOR and insulin/IGF1 signaling. The relapse, instead, is associated with the non-genetic selection of Leukemia Initiating Cells and the downregulation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensing and Interferon (IFN) signaling genes. The CR-induced adaptive phenotype is highly sensitive to pharmacological or genetic ablation of LSD1, a lysine demethylase regulating both stem cells and dsRNA/ IFN signaling. CR + LSD1 inhibition leads to the re-activation of dsRNA/IFN signaling, massive RNASEL-dependent apoptosis, and complete leukemia eradication in ~90% of mice. Importantly, CR-LSD1 interaction can be modeled in vivo and in vitro by combining LSD1 ablation with pharmacological inhibitors of insulin/IGF1 or dual PI3K/MEK blockade. Mechanistically, insulin/IGF1 inhibition sensitizes blasts to LSD1-induced death by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic factor CFLAR. CR and LSD1 inhibition also synergize in patient-derived AML and triple-negative breast cancer xenografts. Our data provide a rationale for epi-metabolic pharmacologic combinations across multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Pallavi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiphanie Durfort
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Stendardo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravasio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Achutti Duso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Punzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aobuli Xieraili
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Polazzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Doriana Verrelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Trastulli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Ronzoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Frascolla
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Perticari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Elgendy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC) University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, CZ-14220, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Varasi
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Universita' Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Universita' Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Universita' Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Mishra A, Giuliani G, Longo VD. Nutrition and dietary restrictions in cancer prevention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189063. [PMID: 38147966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The composition and pattern of dietary intake have emerged as key factors influencing aging, regeneration, and consequently, healthspan and lifespan. Cancer is one of the major diseases more tightly linked with aging, and age-related mortality. Although the role of nutrition in cancer incidence is generally well established, we are far from a consensus on how diet influences tumour development in different tissues. In this review, we will discuss how diet and dietary restrictions affect cancer risk and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for their effects. We will cover calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, ketogenic diet, high protein diet, Mediterranean diet, and the vegan and vegetarian diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Giacomo Giuliani
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Abdellatif M, Rainer PP, Sedej S, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:754-777. [PMID: 37193857 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Normal circulatory function is a key determinant of disease-free life expectancy (healthspan). Indeed, pathologies affecting the cardiovascular system, which are growing in prevalence, are the leading cause of global morbidity, disability and mortality, whereas the maintenance of cardiovascular health is necessary to promote both organismal healthspan and lifespan. Therefore, cardiovascular ageing might precede or even underlie body-wide, age-related health deterioration. In this Review, we posit that eight molecular hallmarks are common denominators in cardiovascular ageing, namely disabled macroautophagy, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability (in particular, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, dysregulated neurohormonal signalling and inflammation. We also propose a hierarchical order that distinguishes primary (upstream) from antagonistic and integrative (downstream) hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Finally, we discuss how targeting each of the eight hallmarks might be therapeutically exploited to attenuate residual cardiovascular risk in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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17
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Hajializadeh Z, Khaksari M. Cardioprotective effects of calorie restriction against inflammation and apoptosis in ovariectomized obese rats: Role of classical estrogen receptors and SIRT1. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:492-498. [PMID: 38071166 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is a metabolic complication linked with bad eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle, and the heart is one of the target organs damaged by it. Estrogen deficiency during menopause worsens the situation. Calorie restriction (CR) can contribute to reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal conditions. Thus, the effects of CR on inflammation and apoptosis in ovariectomized rats' hearts with obesity were studied. METHOD Female Wistar rats were categorized into Sham and OVX (ovariectomized) groups and received a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (60%HFD) or calorie restriction (30% CR) for 16 weeks. The real-time PCR method was used to evaluate the inflammatory markers and estrogen receptors gene expression. Western-blot and ELISA methods were respectively used for the measurement of apoptosis and SIRT1 protein expression. RESULTS HFD led to the elevation of body weight, IL-6 (interleukin-6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and reduction of IL-10 (interleukin-10) gene expressions, and also an increment in protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio and decrement in Bcl-2 in OVX rats (P < 0.001). Additionally, HFD reduced SIRT1 (sirtuin1) protein levels, ERα (estrogen receptor α), and ERβ (estrogen receptor β) gene expressions (P < 0.001). In contrast, CR declined body weight, IL-6 and TNF-α (P < 0.001), increased IL-10 expressions (P < 0.05), decreased cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.001), Bax (P < 0.01), and Bax/Bcl2 ratio (P < 0.05), enhanced Bcl-2 (P < 0.001), increased SIRT1 (P < 0.05) and ERα (P < 0.001) and ERβ (P < 0.01) expressions. CONCLUSION CR through the SIRT1 regulation and estrogen receptors attenuate obesity-induced-cardiac inflammation and apoptosis. CR can be a cardioprotective candidate in postmenopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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18
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Huang CH, Lee WJ, Huang YL, Tsai TF, Chen LK, Lin CH. Sebacic Acid as a Potential Age-Related Biomarker of Liver Aging: Evidence Linking Mice and Human. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1799-1808. [PMID: 37148322 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is complicated and involves diverse organ dysfunction; furthermore, the biomarkers that are able to reflect biological aging are eagerly sought after to monitor the system-wide decline associated with the aging process. To address this, we performed a metabolomics analysis using a longitudinal cohort study from Taiwan (N = 710) and established plasma metabolomic age using a machine learning algorithm. The resulting estimation of age acceleration among the older adults was found to be correlated with HOMA-insulin resistance. In addition, a sliding window analysis was used to investigate the undulating decrease in hexanoic and heptanoic acids that occurs among the older adults at different ages. A comparison of the metabolomic alterations associated with aging between humans and mice implied that ω-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids was commonly dysregulated in older subjects. Among these fatty acids, sebacic acid, an ω-oxidation product produced by the liver, was significantly decreased in the plasma of both older humans and aged mice. Notably, an increase in the production and consumption of sebacic acid within the liver tissue of aged mice was observed, along with an elevation of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. Taken together, our study reveals that sebacic acid and metabolites of ω-oxidation are the common aging biomarkers in both humans and mice. The further analysis suggests that sebacic acid may play an energetic role in supporting the production of acetyl-CoA during liver aging, and thus its alteration in plasma concentration potentially reflects the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Long Huang
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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19
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Ryu S, Spadaro O, Sidorov S, Lee AH, Caprio S, Morrison C, Smith SR, Ravussin E, Shchukina I, Artyomov MN, Youm YH, Dixit VD. Reduction of SPARC protects mice against NLRP3 inflammasome activation and obesity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169173. [PMID: 37781916 PMCID: PMC10541189 DOI: 10.1172/jci169173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mimetics that can be deployed to control obesity-associated inflammation and diseases are not well understood. Our studies have found that 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans inhibits the expression of the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), in adipose tissue. In mice, adipose tissue remodeling caused by weight loss through CR and low-protein diet feeding decreased, while high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity increased SPARC expression in adipose tissue. Inducible SPARC downregulation in adult mice mimicked CR's effects on lowering adiposity by regulating energy expenditure. Deletion of SPARC in adipocytes was sufficient to protect mice against HFD-induced adiposity, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, SPARC activates the NLRP3 inflammasome at the priming step and downregulation of SPARC lowers macrophage inflammation in adipose tissue, while excess SPARC activated macrophages via JNK signaling. Collectively, reduction of adipocyte-derived SPARC confers CR-like metabolic and antiinflammatory benefits in obesity by serving as an immunometabolic checkpoint of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Olga Spadaro
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aileen H. Lee
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Shannon CE, Ní Chathail MB, Mullin SM, Meehan A, McGillicuddy FC, Roche HM. Precision nutrition for targeting pathophysiology of cardiometabolic phenotypes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:921-936. [PMID: 37402955 PMCID: PMC10492734 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous disease accompanied by a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic risk profiles. Traditional paradigms for dietary weight management do not address biological heterogeneity between individuals and have catastrophically failed to combat the global pandemic of obesity-related diseases. Nutritional strategies that extend beyond basic weight management to instead target patient-specific pathophysiology are warranted. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the tissue-level pathophysiological processes that drive patient heterogeneity to shape distinct cardiometabolic phenotypes in obesity. Specifically, we discuss how divergent physiology and postprandial phenotypes can reveal key metabolic defects within adipose, liver, or skeletal muscle, as well as the integrative involvement of the gut microbiome and the innate immune system. Finally, we highlight potential precision nutritional approaches to target these pathways and discuss recent translational evidence concerning the efficacy of such tailored dietary interventions for different obesity phenotypes, to optimise cardiometabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Shannon
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Méabh B Ní Chathail
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Mullin
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Andrew Meehan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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21
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Sesbreno E, Blondin DP, Dziedzic C, Sygo J, Haman F, Leclerc S, Brazeau AS, Mountjoy M. Signs of low energy availability in elite male volleyball athletes but no association with risk of bone stress injury and patellar tendinopathy. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2067-2075. [PMID: 36480965 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2157336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) syndrome is associated with undesirable health and performance outcomes. The aetiology of RED-S syndrome is low energy availability (LEA). LEA has been reported in male athletes in various sports, but there is little information in team sports. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the point-prevalence of surrogate markers of LEA in elite male volleyball players and examine the association between low and normal total-testosterone (TES) on endocrine markers, resting metabolic rate, bone mineral density (BMD), and history of injury/illness. Using a cross-sectional design, 22 elite male volleyball players underwent anthropometric, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) and resting metabolic rate testing, bloodwork, dietary analysis, the three-factor eating questionnaire-R18, injury/illness questionnaire and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment - patellar tendon questionnaire. The primary finding of this investigation was that 36% of athletes had ≥2 surrogate markers of LEA. Although fasted insulin was lower and cortisol was higher in players with low-total TES, low BMD, low RMR and various other endocrine markers linked to LEA were not observed. More research is required to define surrogate markers of LEA in male athletes.HIGHLIGHTS Thirty-six percent of volleyball players had ≥2 surrogate markers of LEA.The Cunningham, 1991 predictive RMR equation and/or the cut-off point (<0.9) may be unsuitable for detecting energy conservation associated with LEA in large male athletes.There was no association between total-TES and risk of bone stress injury, illness and patellar tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sesbreno
- l'Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, Canada
- French-speaking Olympic Sports Medicine Research Network (ReFORM), Montréal, Canada
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | | | - François Haman
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Suzanne Leclerc
- l'Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montréal, Canada
- French-speaking Olympic Sports Medicine Research Network (ReFORM), Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Margo Mountjoy
- Association for Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Family Medicine. Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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22
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Tan JHL, Hwang YY, Chin HX, Liu M, Tan SY, Chen Q. Towards a better preclinical cancer model - human immune aging in humanized mice. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:49. [PMID: 37752597 PMCID: PMC10523735 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models are often used for cancer studies and evaluation of novel therapeutics. The relevance of these models has vastly improved with mice bearing a human immune system, especially in the context of immunotherapy. Nonetheless, cancer is an age-related disease, and studies often overlook the effects of aging. Here we have established a humanized mouse model of human immune aging to investigate the role of this phenomenon on liver tumor dynamics. METHODS Multiple organs and tissues (blood, thymus, lung, liver, spleen and bone marrow) were harvested from NOD-scid IL2rγ-/- (NIKO) mice reconstituted with human immune cells, over a period of 60 weeks post-birth, for immune profiling. Young and aging immune cells were compared for transcriptomic changes and functional differences. Effect of immune aging was investigated in a liver cancer humanized mouse model. RESULTS Focusing on the T cell population, which is central to cancer immunosurveillance and immunotherapy, we showed that the proportion of naïve T cells declined while memory subsets and senescent-like cells increased with age. RNA-sequencing revealed that downregulated genes were related to immune responses and processes, and this was corroborated by reduced cytokine production in aging T cells. Finally, we showed faster liver tumor growth in aging than younger humanized mice, which could be attributed to specific pathways of aging T cell exhaustion. CONCLUSION Our work improves on existing humanized (immune) mouse model and highlights the importance of considering immune aging in liver cancer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H L Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Level 3 & 4, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Xian Chin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Level 3 & 4, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Level 3 & 4, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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23
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Frasca D, Romero M, Diaz A, Blomberg BB. Obesity accelerates age defects in B cells, and weight loss improves B cell function. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:35. [PMID: 37460937 PMCID: PMC10351107 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that obesity accelerates age-associated defects in B cell function and antibody production leading to decreased secretion of protective antibodies and increased autoimmunity. We wanted to evaluate if obese adults enrolled in a voluntary weight reduction program had higher protective and lower autoimmune antibody responses similar to those observed in lean adults. METHODS Experiments were performed using blood isolated from an established cohort of female lean adult and elderly individuals, as well as from the blood of female adults with obesity, before and after a voluntary weight reduction program in which their Body Mass Index (BMI) was reduced 10-34% in 12 months. All participants were vaccinated with the Trivalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine. Serum samples were evaluated for the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, vaccine-specific antibodies and autoimmune antibodies. We evaluated the composition of the B cell pool by flow cytometry, the expression of RNA for class switch transcription factors and pro-inflammatory markers by qPCR, the in vitro secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their capacity to induce pro-inflammatory T cells. RESULTS Obesity, similar to aging, induced increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and autoimmune antibodies, while vaccine-specific antibodies were reduced. In agreement with the serum results, the B cell pool of obese adults and elderly individuals was enriched in pro-inflammatory B cell subsets and was characterized by higher expression of markers associated with cell senescence, higher levels of T-bet, the transcription factor for autoimmune antibodies and lower levels of E47, the transcription factor associated with protective responses to the influenza vaccine. B cells from obese adults and elderly individuals were also able to secrete inflammatory cytokines and support the generation of inflammatory T cells. All these pro-inflammatory characteristics of B cells from obese individuals were significantly attenuated, but not completely reversed, by weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Although the results from our small observational study show that obesity-induced dysfunctional B cell responses, similar to those occurring during aging, are ameliorated in some but not all obese individuals after weight loss, the effects of body weight loss on mechanistic pathways are largely missing and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10thAve, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10thAve, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alain Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10thAve, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, RMSB 3153, 1600 NW 10thAve, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Mihaylova MM, Chaix A, Delibegovic M, Ramsey JJ, Bass J, Melkani G, Singh R, Chen Z, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M, Latimer MN, Mattison JA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Dixit VD, Panda S, Lamming DW. When a calorie is not just a calorie: Diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1114-1131. [PMID: 37392742 PMCID: PMC10528391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and time-restricted feeding to discuss how dietary composition and feeding schedule impact whole-body metabolism, longevity, and healthspan. These discussions may provide insights into the long-sought molecular mechanisms engaged by calorie restriction to extend lifespan, lead to novel therapies, and potentially inform the development of a personalized food-as-medicine approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michele Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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25
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Bloomfield SA, Swift SN, Metzger CE, Baek K, De Souza MJ, Lenfest S, Shirazi-Fard Y, Hogan HA. Exercise training modifies the bone and endocrine response to graded reductions in energy availability in skeletally mature female rodents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1141906. [PMID: 37455901 PMCID: PMC10338226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1141906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Reductions in energy availability leading to weight loss can induce loss of bone and impact important endocrine regulators of bone integrity. We sought to elucidate whether endurance exercise (EX) can mitigate bone loss observed in sedentary (SED) skeletally mature rodents subjected to graded energy deficits. Methods Female virgin rats (n=84, 5-mo-old; 12/group) were randomized to baseline controls and either sedentary (SED) or exercise (EX) conditions, and within each exercise status to adlib-fed (ADLIB), or moderate (MOD) or severe (SEV) energy restriction diets for 12 weeks. Rats assigned to EX groups performed treadmill running to increase weekly energy expenditure by 10%. MOD-ER-SED, SEV-ER-SED, MOD-ER-EX and SEV-ER-EX were fed modified AIN93M diets with 20%, 40% 10%, and 30% less energy content, respectively, with 100% of all other nutrients provided. Results Energy availability (EA) was effectively reduced by ~14% and ~30% in the MOD-ER and SEV-ER groups, respectively. MOD-ER for 12 weeks resulted in few negative impacts on bone and, except for serum leptin in MOD-ER-SED rats, no significant changes in endocrine factors. By contrast, SEV-ER in SED rats resulted in significantly lower total body and femoral neck bone mass, and reduced serum estradiol, IGF-1 and leptin. EX rats experiencing the same reduction in energy availability as SEV-ER-SED exhibited higher total body mass, lean mass, total BMC, and higher serum IGF-1 at the end of 12 weeks. Bone mechanical properties at 3 bone sites (mid-femur, distal femur, femoral neck) were minimally impacted by ER but positively affected by EX. Discussion These findings indicate that combining increased EX energy expenditure with smaller reductions in energy intake to achieve a targeted reduction in EA provides some protection against loss of bone mass and lean mass in skeletally mature female rats, likely due to better preservation of circulating IGF-1, and that bone mechanical integrity is not significantly degraded with either moderate or severe reduced EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Bloomfield
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sibyl N. Swift
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Corinne E. Metzger
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Scott Lenfest
- Bone Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yasaman Shirazi-Fard
- Bone Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Harry A. Hogan
- Bone Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Khan AH, Chowers I, Lotery AJ. Beyond the Complement Cascade: Insights into Systemic Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Current Barriers to Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:1708. [PMID: 37443742 PMCID: PMC10340338 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Landmark genetic studies have revealed the effect of complement biology and its regulation on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Limited phase 3 clinical trial data showing a benefit of complement inhibition in AMD raises the prospect of more complex mediators at play. Substantial evidence supports the role of para-inflammation in maintaining homeostasis in the retina and choroid. With increasing age, a decline in immune system regulation, known as immunosenescence, has been shown to alter the equilibrium maintained by para-inflammation. The altered equilibrium results in chronic, sterile inflammation with aging, termed 'inflammaging', including in the retina and choroid. The chronic inflammatory state in AMD is complex, with contributions from cells of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, sometimes with overlapping features, and the interaction of their secretory products with retinal cells such as microglia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), extracellular matrix and choroidal vascular endothelial cells. In this review, the chronic inflammatory state in AMD will be explored by immune cell type, with a discussion of factors that will need to be overcome in the development of curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan H. Khan
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Andrew J. Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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27
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Kujawowicz K, Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sirtuin 1 as a potential biomarker of undernutrition in the elderly: a narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37229564 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition and inflammatory processes are predictors of early mortality in the elderly and require a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Currently, there are laboratory markers for assessing nutritional status, but new markers are still being sought. Recent studies suggest that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has the potential to be a marker for undernutrition. This article summarizes available studies on the association of SIRT1 and undernutrition in older people. Possible associations between SIRT1 and the aging process, inflammation, and undernutrition in the elderly have been described. The literature suggests that low SIRT1 levels in the blood of older people may not be associated with physiological aging processes, but with an increased risk of severe undernutrition associated with inflammation and systemic metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kujawowicz
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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28
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Nasrollahzadeh J, Khandouzi N, Maroofi M. Effect of a Reduced-Calorie Diet on Plasma Levels of Inflammatory and Metabolic Factors in Overweight/Obese Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 21:e135216. [PMID: 37654524 PMCID: PMC10467581 DOI: 10.5812/ijem-135216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calorie restriction without malnutrition is likely to improve cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate calorie restriction on markers of cardiometabolic risk in overweight/obese adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods In a parallel controlled trial, patients with overweight or obesity and one or more cardiovascular risk factor were randomized to a modest reduced-calorie diet (75% of the total calculated energy requirements) or control (no calorie restriction) groups and followed up for two months. Body weight, dietary intake, fasting plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), lipids, and glycemic factors were measured at baseline, and after two months. The differences were analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results Sixty-six participants (33 in each group) completed the study. Body weight changed in the reduced-calorie diet group (- 3.05 ± 2.65 kg), and blood pressure was improved (systolic -6.96 ± 12.04 and diastolic - 3.90 ± 8.97 mmHg). The reduced-calorie diet improved plasma ICAM-1 (change from baseline - 0.45 ± 1.99 ng/mL, P = 0.033, ANCOVA), MCP-1 (change from baseline - 0.50 pg/mL, P = 0.011, ANCOVA), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (change from baseline - 9.35 ± 19.61 mg/dL, P < 0.001, ANCOVA), and triglyceride (change from baseline -33.66 ± 49.08, P = 0.001, ANCOVA), but BDNF, NPY, and other cardiometabolic factors were not different. Conclusions In overweight/obese subjects with cardiovascular risk factors which have been under medical treatment with risk-reducing medications, a modest weight loss induced by a reduced-calorie diet improved lipid profile, blood pressure, and reduced ICAM-1 and MCP-1 levels but had no effect on plasma BDNF or glycemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Maroofi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Hirschberger S, Schmid A, Kreth S. [Immunomodulation by nutritional intervention in critically ill patients]. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2023; 72:229-244. [PMID: 36797533 PMCID: PMC9934515 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-023-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients often suffer from a complex and severe immunological dysfunction. The differentiation and function of human immune cells are fundamentally controlled through metabolic processes. New concepts of immunonutrition therefore try to use enteral and parenteral nutrition to positively impact on the immune function of intensive care unit patients. This review article concisely presents the currently available evidence on the commonly used isolated supplements (anti-oxidative substances, amino acids, essential fatty acids) and difficulties related to their clinical use. The second part presents new and more comprehensive concepts of immunonutrition to influence the intestinal microbiome and to modulate the macronutrient composition. Immunonutrition of critically ill patients bears enormous potential and could become a valuable clinical tool for modulation of the immunometabolism of intensive care unit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hirschberger
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Marchioninistr. 68, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Annika Schmid
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Marchioninistr. 68, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Simone Kreth
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, LMU Klinikum München, München, Deutschland.
- Walter-Brendel-Zentrum für experimentelle Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Marchioninistr. 68, 81377, München, Deutschland.
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30
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Grande de França NA, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, de Souto Barreto P. The role of dietary strategies in the modulation of hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101908. [PMID: 36905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of aging constitute an interconnected network of basic mechanisms that modulate aging and can be modulated by lifestyle factors, including dietary strategies. This narrative review aimed to summarize the evidence on promoting dietary restriction or adherence to specific dietary patterns on hallmarks of aging. Studies with preclinical models or humans were considered. Dietary restriction (DR), usually operationalized as a reduction in caloric intake, is the main strategy applied to study the axis diet-hallmarks of aging. DR has been shown to modulate mainly genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, deregulating nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication. Much less evidence exists on the role of dietary patterns, with most of the studies evaluating the Mediterranean Diet and other similar plant-based diets, and the ketogenic diet. Potential benefits are described in genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered intercellular communication. Given the predominant place of food in human life, it is imperative to determine the impact of nutritional strategies on the modulation of lifespan and healthspan, considering applicability, long-term adherence, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Grande de França
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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31
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Bauer R, Zarogiannis SG, Lajqi E, Ajeti V, Dietz S, Kranig SA, Rühle J, Demaj A, Hebel J, Bartosova M, Frommhold D, Hudalla H, Gille C. Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030766. [PMID: 36979747 PMCID: PMC10045728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections—tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Esra Lajqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valdrina Ajeti
- Department of Pharmacy, Alma Mater Europaea—Campus College Rezonanca, XK-10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ardian Demaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tetovo, MK-1200 Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Janine Hebel
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
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32
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Zhao Y, Simon M, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. DNA damage and repair in age-related inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:75-89. [PMID: 35831609 PMCID: PMC10106081 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is an important driver of ageing. The accumulation of DNA damage is believed to contribute to ageing by inducing cell death, senescence and tissue dysfunction. However, emerging evidence shows that inflammation is another major consequence of DNA damage. Inflammation is a hallmark of ageing and the driver of multiple age-related diseases. Here, we review the evidence linking DNA damage, inflammation and ageing, highlighting how premature ageing syndromes are associated with inflammation. We discuss the mechanisms by which DNA damage induces inflammation, such as through activation of the cGAS-STING axis and NF-κB activation by ATM. The triggers for activation of these signalling cascades are the age-related accumulation of DNA damage, activation of transposons, cellular senescence and the accumulation of persistent R-loops. We also discuss how epigenetic changes triggered by DNA damage can lead to inflammation and ageing via redistribution of heterochromatin factors. Finally, we discuss potential interventions against age-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Simon
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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33
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Ladakis DC, Bhargava P. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis and Potential Approaches to Target the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:117-132. [PMID: 36690786 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has now been established that a perturbation in gut microbiome composition exists in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its interplay with the immune system and brain could potentially contribute to the development of the disease and influence its course. The effects of the gut microbiota on the disease may be mediated by direct interactions between bacteria and immune cells or through interactions of products of bacterial metabolism with immune and CNS cells. In this review article we summarize the ways in which the gut microbiome of people with MS differs from controls and how bacterial metabolites can potentially play a role in MS pathogenesis, and examine approaches to alter the composition of the gut microbiota potentially alleviating gut dysbiosis and impacting the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ladakis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Ramaker ME, Corcoran DL, Apsley AT, Kobor MS, Kraus VB, Kraus WE, Lin DTS, Orenduff MC, Pieper CF, Waziry R, Huffman KM, Belsky DW. Epigenome-wide Association Study Analysis of Calorie Restriction in Humans, CALERIETM Trial Analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2395-2401. [PMID: 35965483 PMCID: PMC9799188 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) increases healthy life span and is accompanied by slowing or reversal of aging-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in animal models. In the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIETM) human trial, we evaluated associations of CR and changes in whole-blood DNAm. CALERIETM randomized 220 healthy, nonobese adults in a 2:1 allocation to 2 years of CR or ad libitum (AL) diet. The average CR in the treatment group through 24 months of follow-up was 12%. Whole blood (baseline, 12, and 24 months) DNAm profiles were measured. Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) analysis tested CR-induced changes from baseline to 12 and 24 months in the n = 197 participants with available DNAm data. CR treatment was not associated with epigenome-wide significant (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) DNAm changes at the individual-CpG-site level. Secondary analysis of sets of CpG sites identified in published EWAS revealed that CR induced DNAm changes opposite to those associated with higher body mass index and cigarette smoking (p < .003 at 12- and 24-month follow-ups). In contrast, CR altered DNAm at chronological-age-associated CpG sites in the direction of older age (p < .003 at 12- and 24-month follow-ups). Although individual CpG site DNAm changes in response to CR were not identified, analyses of sets CpGs identified in prior EWAS revealed CR-induced changes to blood DNAm. Altered CpG sets were enriched for insulin production, glucose tolerance, inflammation, and DNA-binding and DNA-regulation pathways, several of which are known to be modified by CR. DNAm changes may contribute to CR effects on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Ramaker
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abner T Apsley
- Behavioral Health Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children’s Hopsital Research Institute (BCCHR), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFA, MaRS Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David T S Lin
- BC Children’s Hopsital Research Institute (BCCHR), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa C Orenduff
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Center for Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reem Waziry
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
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35
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Van Avondt K, Strecker J, Tulotta C, Minnerup J, Schulz C, Soehnlein O. Neutrophils in aging and aging‐related pathologies. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:357-375. [PMID: 36315403 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the past millennia, life expectancy has drastically increased. While a mere 25 years during Bronze and Iron ages, life expectancy in many European countries and in Japan is currently above 80 years. Such an increase in life expectancy is a result of improved diet, life style, and medical care. Yet, increased life span and aging also represent the most important non-modifiable risk factors for several pathologies including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In recent years, neutrophils have been implicated in all of these pathologies. Hence, this review provides an overview of how aging impacts neutrophil production and function and conversely how neutrophils drive aging-associated pathologies. Finally, we provide a perspective on how processes of neutrophil-driven pathologies in the context of aging can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Avondt
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Jan‐Kolja Strecker
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Claudia Tulotta
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Jens Minnerup
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute of Experimental Pathology (ExPat), Centre of Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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36
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Ezzati A, Rosenkranz SK, Horne BD. Importance of Intermittent Fasting Regimens and Selection of Adequate Therapy on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2022; 14:4299. [PMID: 36296982 PMCID: PMC9607422 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The unpredictable nature of new variants of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-highly transmissible and some with vaccine-resistance, have led to an increased need for feasible lifestyle modifications as complementary therapies. Systemic inflammation is the common hallmark of communicable diseases like severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and cancers, all for which mitigation of severe outcomes is of paramount importance. Dietary quality is associated with NCDs, and intermittent fasting (IF) has been suggested as an effective approach for treatment and prevention of some NCDs, similar to that of caloric restriction. There is a paucity of high-quality data from randomized controlled trials regarding the impact of IF and the intake of specific nutrients on inflammation and post-infection outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current review of recent literature was performed to explore the immunomodulatory roles of IF regimens and supplements involving the intake of specific nutrients including vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), zinc, and nutraceuticals (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, quercetin, and probiotics) on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, with consideration of how they may be related to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Horne
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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37
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Hernández-Calderón P, Wiedemann L, Benítez-Páez A. The microbiota composition drives personalized nutrition: Gut microbes as predictive biomarkers for the success of weight loss diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006747. [PMID: 36211501 PMCID: PMC9537590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the human gut microbiome during recent years has permitted us to understand its relevance for human health at a systemic level, making it possible to establish different functional axes (e.g., the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes), which support the organ-like status conferred to this microecological component of our body. The human gut microbiota is extremely variable but modifiable via diet, a fact that allows targeting of microbes through defined dietary strategies to uncover cost-effective therapies to minimize the burden of non-communicable diseases such as pandemic obesity and overweight and its metabolic comorbidities. Nevertheless, randomly controlled dietary interventions regularly exhibit low to moderate degrees of success in weight control, making their implementation difficult in clinical practice. Here, we review the predictive value of the baseline gut microbiota configurations to anticipate the success of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss, mostly based on caloric restriction regimes and oral fiber supplementation. This emergent research concept fits into precision medicine by considering different diet patterns and adopting the best one, based on the individual microbiota composition, to reach significant adiposity reduction and improve metabolic status. We review the results from this fresh perspective of investigation, taking into account studies released very recently. We also discuss some future outlooks in the field and potential pitfalls to overcome with the aim of gaining knowledge in the field and achieving breakthroughs in personalized nutrition.
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38
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Alesi S, Villani A, Mantzioris E, Takele WW, Cowan S, Moran LJ, Mousa A. Anti-Inflammatory Diets in Fertility: An Evidence Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:3914. [PMID: 36235567 PMCID: PMC9570802 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global health concern affecting 48 million couples and 186 million individuals worldwide. Infertility creates a significant economic and social burden for couples who wish to conceive and has been associated with suboptimal lifestyle factors, including poor diet and physical inactivity. Modifying preconception nutrition to better adhere with Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) is a non-invasive and potentially effective means for improving fertility outcomes. While several dietary patterns have been associated with fertility outcomes, the mechanistic links between diet and infertility remain unclear. A key mechanism outlined in the literature relates to the adverse effects of inflammation on fertility, potentially contributing to irregular menstrual cyclicity, implantation failure, and other negative reproductive sequelae. Therefore, dietary interventions which act to reduce inflammation may improve fertility outcomes. This review consistently shows that adherence to anti-inflammatory diets such as the Mediterranean diet (specifically, increased intake of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, and reduced intake of red and processed meat) improves fertility, assisted reproductive technology (ART) success, and sperm quality in men. Therefore, integration of anti-inflammatory dietary patterns as low-risk adjunctive fertility treatments may improve fertility partially or fully and reduce the need for prolonged or intensive pharmacological or surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alesi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- Clinical and Health Sciences & Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Wubet Worku Takele
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
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39
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Wang L, Xu H, Yang H, Zhou J, Zhao L, Zhang F. Glucose metabolism and glycosylation link the gut microbiota to autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952398. [PMID: 36203617 PMCID: PMC9530352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates serve as important energy sources and structural substances for human body as well as for gut microbes. As evidenced by the advances in immunometabolism, glucose metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation are deeply involved in immune cell activation, proliferation, and signaling transduction as well as trafficking and effector functions, thus contributing to immune response programming and assisting in host adaption to microenvironment changes. Increased glucose uptake, aberrant expression of glucose transporter 1 (e.g., GLU1), and abnormal glycosylation patterns have been identified in autoimmunity and are suggested as partially responsible for the dysregulated immune response and the modification of gut microbiome composition in the autoimmune pathogenesis. The interaction between gut microbiota and host carbohydrate metabolism is complex and bidirectional. Their impact on host immune homeostasis and the development of autoimmune diseases remains to be elucidated. This review summarized the current knowledge on the crosstalk of glucose metabolism and glycosylation in the host with intestinal microbiota and discussed their possible role in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting glucose metabolism and glycosylation in modulating gut ecosystem and treating autoimmune diseases were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Zhou, ; Lidan Zhao,
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Zhou, ; Lidan Zhao,
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Rheumatology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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40
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Zhang LM, Liu Z, Wang JQ, Li RQ, Ren JY, Gao X, Lv SS, Liang LY, Zhang F, Yin BW, Sun Y, Tian H, Zhu HC, Zhou YT, Ma YX. Randomized controlled trial for time-restricted eating in overweight and obese young adults. iScience 2022; 25:104870. [PMID: 36034217 PMCID: PMC9400087 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is known to improve metabolic health, whereas very few studies have compared the effects of early and late TRE (eTRE and lTRE) on metabolic health. Overweight and obese young adults were randomized to 6-h eTRE (eating from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m.) (n = 21), 6-h lTRE (eating from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m.) (n = 20), or a control group (ad libitum intake in a day) (n = 19). After 8 weeks, 6-h eTRE and lTRE produced comparable body weight loss compared with controls. Compared with control, 6-h eTRE reduced systolic blood pressure, mean glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, leptin, and thyroid axis activity, whereas lTRE only reduced leptin. These findings shed light on the promise of 6-h eTRE and lTRE for weight loss. Larger studies are needed to assess the promise of eTRE to yield better thyroid axis modulation and overall cardiometabolic health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-min Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jia-qi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rui-qiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing-yi Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shuai-shuai Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lu-yao Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bo-wen Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Hui-chen Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yu-tian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yu-xia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Bravo-San Pedro JM, Pietrocola F. Fasting and cancer responses to therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 373:107-123. [PMID: 36283764 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic outcome of multiple anticancer regimens relies upon a fine balance between tumor intrinsic and host-related factors. In this context, qualitative changes in dietary composition as well as alterations in total calorie supply influence essential aspects of cancer biology, spanning from tumor initiation to metastatic spreading. On the one hand, circumstances of nutritional imbalance or excessive calorie intake promote oncogenesis, accelerate tumor progression, and hamper the efficacy of anticancer treatments. On the other hand, approaches based on bulk (e.g., fasting, fasting mimicking diets) or selective (e.g., amino acids) shortage of nutrients are currently in the spotlight for their ability to potentiate the effect of anticancer drugs. While the chemosensitizing effect of fasting has long been attributed to the overdemanding metabolic requirements of neoplastic cells, recent findings suggest that caloric restriction improves the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy by boosting anticancer immunosurveillance. Here, we provide a critical overview of current preclinical and clinical studies that address the impact of nutritional interventions on the response to cancer therapy, laying particular emphasis on fasting-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Neo Blickagången 16, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Ryu S, Sidorov S, Ravussin E, Artyomov M, Iwasaki A, Wang A, Dixit VD. The matricellular protein SPARC induces inflammatory interferon-response in macrophages during aging. Immunity 2022; 55:1609-1626.e7. [PMID: 35963236 PMCID: PMC9474643 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The risk of chronic diseases caused by aging is reduced by caloric restriction (CR)-induced immunometabolic adaptation. Here, we found that the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), was inhibited by 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans and elevated by obesity. SPARC converted anti-inflammatory macrophages into a pro-inflammatory phenotype with induction of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression via the transcription factors IRF3/7. Mechanistically, SPARC-induced ISGs were dependent on toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mediated TBK1, IRF3, IFN-β, and STAT1 signaling without engaging the Myd88 pathway. Metabolically, SPARC dampened mitochondrial respiration, and inhibition of glycolysis abrogated ISG induction by SPARC in macrophages. Furthermore, the N-terminal acidic domain of SPARC was required for ISG induction, while adipocyte-specific deletion of SPARC reduced inflammation and extended health span during aging. Collectively, SPARC, a CR-mimetic adipokine, is an immunometabolic checkpoint of inflammation and interferon response that may be targeted to delay age-related metabolic and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Section of Immunology, Washington School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Hu L, Xia X, Zong Y, Gu Y, Wei L, Yin J. Calorie Restriction Enhanced Glycogen Metabolism to Compensate for Lipid Insufficiency. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200182. [PMID: 35972028 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to investigate the metabolic phenotype and mechanism of 40% calorie restriction (CR) in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS CR mice exhibited super-stable blood glucose, as evidenced by increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), decreased postprandial blood glucose, and reduced glucose fluctuations. Additionally, both fasting plasma insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance increased significantly in CR mice. Compared with control, the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates-1 and serine/threonine kinase decreased in liver and fat but increased in muscle of CR mice after insulin administration, indicating hepatic and adipose insulin resistance, and muscle insulin sensitization. CR reduced visceral fat much more than subcutaneous fat. The elevated FBG was negatively correlated with low-level fasting β-hydroxybutyrate, which may result from insufficient free fatty acids and diminished ketogenic ability in CR mice. Furthermore, liver glycogen increased dramatically in CR mice. Analysis of glycogen metabolism related proteins indicated active glycogen synthesis and decomposition. Additionally, CR elevated plasma corticosterone and hypothalamic orexigenic gene expression. CONCLUSION CR induced lipid insufficiency and stress, resulting in global physiological insulin resistance except muscle and enhanced glycogen metabolism, culminating in the stability of blood glucose manifested in increased FBG, which compensated for insufficient blood ketones. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yue Zong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Yunjie Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Duan H, Li J, Yu L, Fan L. The road ahead of dietary restriction on anti-aging: focusing on personalized nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:891-908. [PMID: 35950606 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), including caloric restriction (CR), intermittent fasting (IF), and restriction of specific food compositions, can delay aging, and the main mechanisms include regulation of nutrient-sensing pathways and gut microbiota. However, the effects of DR regimens on longevity remain controversial, as some studies have demonstrated that IF, rather than CR or diet composition, influences longevity, while other studies have shown that the restricted-carbohydrate or -protein diets, rather than CR, determine health and longevity. Many factors, including DR-related factors (carbohydrate or protein composition, degree and duration of DR), and individual differences (health status, sex, genotype, and age of starting DR), would be used to explain the controversial anti-aging effects of DR, thus highlighting the necessity of precise DR intervention for anti-aging. Personalized DR intervention in humans is challenging because of the lack of accurate aging molecular biomarkers and vast individual variability. Using machine learning to build a predictive model based on the data set of clinical features, gut microbiome and metabolome, may be a good method to achieve precise DR intervention. Therefore, this review analyzed the anti-aging effects of various DR regimens, summarized their mechanisms and influencing factors, and proposed a future research direction for achieving personalized DR regimens for slowing aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Hebebrand J, Hildebrandt T, Schlögl H, Seitz J, Denecke S, Vieira D, Gradl-Dietsch G, Peters T, Antel J, Lau D, Fulton S. The role of hypoleptinemia in the psychological and behavioral adaptation to starvation: implications for anorexia nervosa. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104807. [PMID: 35931221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to pinpoint mental and behavioral effects of starvation, which may be triggered by hypoleptinemia and as such may be amenable to treatment with leptin receptor agonists. The reduced leptin secretion results from the continuous loss of fat mass, thus initiating a graded triggering of diverse starvation related adaptive functions. In light of leptin receptors located in several peripheral tissues and many brain regions adaptations may extend beyond those of the hypothalamus-pituitary-end organ-axes. We focus on gastrointestinal tract and reward system as relevant examples of peripheral and central effects of leptin. Despite its association with extreme obesity, congenital leptin deficiency with its many parallels to a state of starvation allows the elucidation of mental symptoms amenable to treatment with exogenous leptin in both ob/ob mice and humans with this autosomal recessive disorder. For starvation induced behavioral changes with an intact leptin signaling we particularly focus on rodent models for which proof of concept has been provided for the causative role of hypoleptinemia. For humans, we highlight the major cognitive, emotional and behavioral findings of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment to contrast them with results obtained upon a lesser degree of caloric restriction. Evidence for hypoleptinemia induced mental changes also stems from findings obtained in lipodystrophies. In light of the recently reported beneficial cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects of metreleptin-administration in anorexia nervosa we discuss potential implications for the treatment of this eating disorder. We postulate that leptin has profound psychopharmacological effects in the state of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45134 Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Haiko Schlögl
- Department of Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia Denecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45134 Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Vieira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45134 Essen, Germany
| | - Gertraud Gradl-Dietsch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45134 Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45134 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45134 Essen, Germany
| | - David Lau
- Department of Nutrition, Neuroscience - University of Montreal & CRCHUM, Montréal QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Department of Nutrition, Neuroscience - University of Montreal & CRCHUM, Montréal QC H3T1J4, Canada
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Biazzo M, Deidda G. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as New Therapeutic Avenue for Human Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144119. [PMID: 35887883 PMCID: PMC9320118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is home to a variety of micro-organisms. Most of these microbial communities reside in the gut and are referred to as gut microbiota. Over the last decades, compelling evidence showed that a number of human pathologies are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, thereby suggesting that the reinstatement of physiological microflora balance and composition might ameliorate the clinical symptoms. Among possible microbiota-targeted interventions, pre/pro-biotics supplementations were shown to provide effective results, but the main limitation remains in the limited microbial species available as probiotics. Differently, fecal microbiota transplantation involves the transplantation of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition aiming to confer a health benefit. Firstly used in the 4th century in traditional Chinese medicine, nowadays, it has been exploited so far to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, but accumulating data coming from a number of clinical trials clearly indicate that fecal microbiota transplantation may also carry the therapeutic potential for a number of other conditions ranging from gastrointestinal to liver diseases, from cancer to inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune diseases and brain disorders, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will summarize the commonly used preparation and delivery methods, comprehensively review the evidence obtained in clinical trials in different human conditions and discuss the variability in the results and the pivotal importance of donor selection. The final aim is to stimulate discussion and open new therapeutic perspectives among experts in the use of fecal microbiota transplantation not only in Clostridioides difficile infection but as one of the first strategies to be used to ameliorate a number of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Biazzo
- The BioArte Limited, Life Sciences Park, Triq San Giljan, SGN 3000 San Gwann, Malta;
- SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6125
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Rasa SMM, Annunziata F, Krepelova A, Nunna S, Omrani O, Gebert N, Adam L, Käppel S, Höhn S, Donati G, Jurkowski TP, Rudolph KL, Ori A, Neri F. Inflammaging is driven by upregulation of innate immune receptors and systemic interferon signaling and is ameliorated by dietary restriction. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111017. [PMID: 35767948 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation known as inflammaging in multiple tissues, representing a risk factor for age-related diseases. Dietary restriction (DR) is the best-known non-invasive method to ameliorate aging in many organisms. However, the molecular mechanism and the signaling pathways that drive inflammaging across different tissues and how they are modulated by DR are not yet understood. Here we identify a multi-tissue gene network regulating inflammaging. This network is characterized by chromatin opening and upregulation in the transcription of innate immune system receptors and by activation of interferon signaling through interferon regulatory factors, inflammatory cytokines, and Stat1-mediated transcription. DR ameliorates aging-induced alterations of chromatin accessibility and RNA transcription of the inflammaging gene network while failing to rescue those alterations on the rest of the genome. Our results present a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network regulating inflammation in aging and DR and provide anti-inflammaging therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Krepelova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Suneetha Nunna
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Omid Omrani
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Nadja Gebert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Adam
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Käppel
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Höhn
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Vujovic P, Mladenovic A. The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126546. [PMID: 35742989 PMCID: PMC9223351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul.D. Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Ban HE, Lee KMN, Rogers-LaVanne MP, Zabłocka-Słowińska K, Galbarczyk A, Jasienska G, Clancy KBH. Dietary Protein Source Matters for Changes in Inflammation Measured by Urinary C-Reactive Protein in Rural Polish Women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 178:182-190. [PMID: 36466441 PMCID: PMC9718368 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Multiple macronutrients have been shown to affect systemic inflammation, a well-known predictor of chronic disease. Less often, varying sources of these macronutrients are examined. Different subsistence environments lead to varying access to protein sources which, combined with physical activity patterns, may lead to different relationships than among more typically studied sedentary, industrialized populations. This study hypothesizes an association between dietary protein intake and urinary C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration in women from a rural, agrarian Polish community. Materials and Methods We assessed protein intake and their sources for 80 nonsmoking, premenopausal Polish women who were not pregnant, nursing, or on hormonal birth control during the study or within the previous six months. Each participant completed multiple 24-hour dietary recalls during one menstrual cycle. Participants collected morning void urinary samples daily over one menstrual cycle for urinary CRP analysis. We analyzed relationships between plant and animal protein intake and CRP over the menstrual cycle by multiple linear regression. Results Plant protein in cereal foods was significantly positively associated with cycle-average urinary CRP concentrations (p<0.05) after controlling for body fat percent, total energy intake, and dietary fiber. Foods containing animal protein were not significantly associated with CRP. Discussion Contents of this population's main plant and animal protein sources differ from those of more commonly studied industrialized populations. Within the context of a population's typical diet, more emphasis may need to be placed on particular source of protein consumed, beyond plant versus animal, in order to understand relationships with CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Ban
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katharine MN Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary P Rogers-LaVanne
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kathryn BH Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Corresponding Author: Kathryn B. H. Clancy, PhD, , Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 607 S. Mathews Ave., 109 Davenport Hall, Urbana IL 61801, 217-244-1509; Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. M/C 251, Urbana, IL 61801
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Abstract
Frailty is a complex syndrome affecting a growing sector of the global population as medical developments have advanced human mortality rates across the world. Our current understanding of frailty is derived from studies conducted in the laboratory as well as the clinic, which have generated largely phenotypic information. Far fewer studies have uncovered biological underpinnings driving the onset and progression of frailty, but the stage is set to advance the field with preclinical and clinical assessment tools, multiomics approaches together with physiological and biochemical methodologies. In this article, we provide comprehensive coverage of topics regarding frailty assessment, preclinical models, interventions, and challenges as well as clinical frameworks and prevalence. We also identify central biological mechanisms that may be at play including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and oxidative stress that in turn, affect metabolism, stress responses, and endocrine and neuromuscular systems. We review the role of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and visceral obesity, focusing on glucose homeostasis, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) as critical players influencing the age-related loss of health. We further focus on how immunometabolic dysfunction associates with oxidative stress in promoting sarcopenia, a key contributor to slowness, weakness, and fatigue. We explore the biological mechanisms involved in stem cell exhaustion that affect regeneration and may contribute to the frailty-associated decline in resilience and adaptation to stress. Together, an overview of the interplay of aging biology with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that contribute to frailty, as well as potential therapeutic targets to lower risk and slow the progression of ongoing disease is covered. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-46, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís R. Perazza
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - LaDora V. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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