1
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Lyu X, Yi Z, He Y, Zhang C, Zhu P, Liu C. Astragaloside IV induces endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis in deep venous thrombosis through inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:1149-1157. [PMID: 38275076 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), referred to as venous thromboembolism, is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to the recanalization of DVT. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been suggested to have angiogenesis-enhancing effects. Here, we investigate the roles and mechanisms of AS-IV in EPCs and DVT. METHODS The experimental DVT model was established by inferior vena cava stenosis in rats. EPCs were collected from patients with DVT. Transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration. Tube formation was determined using Matrigel basement membrane matrix and ImageJ software. The thrombus weight and length were measured. Pathological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The production of proinflammatory cytokines was estimated by ELISA. The level of PI3K/AKT-related proteins was measured by western blotting. RESULTS AS-IV administration facilitated the migrative and angiogenic functions of human EPCs in vitro. Additionally, AS-IV inhibited thrombosis and repressed the infiltration of leukocytes into the thrombus and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in rats. Mechanistically, AS-IV inactivated PI3K/AKT signaling in rats. CONCLUSION AS-IV prevents thrombus in an experimental DVT model by facilitating EPC angiogenesis and decreasing inflammation through inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chonghai Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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2
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Wang YT, Moura AK, Zuo R, Zhou W, Wang Z, Roudbari K, Hu JZ, Li PL, Zhang Y, Li X. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction is Associated with Augmented Lysosomal Signaling in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.603000. [PMID: 39026774 PMCID: PMC11257577 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.603000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) caused by hypercholesterolemia can lead to myocardial ischemia, with or without obstructive atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the molecular pathways associated with compromised coronary microvascular function prior to the development of myocardial ischemic injury remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypercholesterolemia on the function and integrity of the coronary microcirculation in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed with a hypercholesterolemic Paigen's diet (PD) for 8 weeks. Echocardiography data showed that PD caused CMD, characterized by significant reductions in coronary blood flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR), but did not affect cardiac remodeling or dysfunction. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that PD-induced CMD was associated with activation of coronary arterioles inflammation and increased myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. These pathological changes occurred in parallel with the upregulation of lysosomal signaling pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). Treating hypercholesterolemic mice with the cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe significantly ameliorated PD-induced adverse effects, including hypercholesterolemia, steatohepatitis, reduced CFR, coronary EC inflammation, and myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration. In cultured mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs), 7-ketocholesterol (7K) increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, 7K induced the activation of TFEB and lysosomal signaling in MCECs, whereas the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 blocked 7K-induced TFEB activation and exacerbated 7K-induced inflammation and cell death. Interestingly, ezetimibe synergistically enhanced 7K-induced TFEB activation and attenuated 7K-induced mitochondrial ROS and inflammatory responses in MCECs. These results suggest that CMD can develop and precede detectable cardiac functional or structural changes in the setting of hypercholesterolemia, and that upregulation of TFEB-mediated lysosomal signaling in ECs plays a protective role against CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Alexandra K. Moura
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Rui Zuo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kiana Roudbari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Jenny Z. Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, USA
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3
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Teuwen JTJ, van der Vorst EPC, Maas SL. Navigating the Maze of Kinases: CaMK-like Family Protein Kinases and Their Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6213. [PMID: 38892400 PMCID: PMC11172518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and even though current treatment strategies focusing on lowering lipid levels are effective, CVD remains the primary cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD and is a chronic inflammatory condition in which various cell types and protein kinases play a crucial role. However, the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis are not entirely understood yet. Notably, protein kinases are highly druggable targets and represent, therefore, a novel way to target atherosclerosis. In this review, the potential role of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like (CaMKL) family and its role in atherosclerosis will be discussed. This family consists of 12 subfamilies, among which are the well-described and conserved liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subfamilies. Interestingly, LKB1 plays a key role and is considered a master kinase within the CaMKL family. It has been shown that LKB1 signaling leads to atheroprotective effects, while, for example, members of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) subfamily have been described to aggravate atherosclerosis development. These observations highlight the importance of studying kinases and their signaling pathways in atherosclerosis, bringing us a step closer to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules T. J. Teuwen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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4
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Huang L, Shao J, Lai W, Gu H, Yang J, Shi S, Wufoyrwoth S, Song Z, Zou Y, Xu Y, Zhu Q. Discovery of the first ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) degraders for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116159. [PMID: 38325007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The first examples of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) PROTACs were designed and synthesized. Among them, the most potent degrader, ZS-7, demonstrated selective and effective ATR degradation in ATM-deficient LoVo cells, with a DC50 value of 0.53 μM. Proteasome-mediated ATR degradation by ZS-7 lasted approximately 12 h after washout in the LoVo cell lines. Notably, ZS-7 demonstrated reasonable PK profiles and, as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin, showed improved antitumor activity and safety profiles compared with the parent inhibitor AZD6738 in a xenograft mouse model of LoVo human colorectal cancer cells upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China
| | - Jialu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenwen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jieping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shepherd Wufoyrwoth
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhe Song
- China Pharmaceutical University Center for Analysis and Testing, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Qihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Duraisamy P, Angusamy A, Ravi S, Krishnan M, Martin LC, Manikandan B, Sundaram J, Ramar M. Phytol from Scoparia dulcis prevents NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses during macrophage polarization. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38375513 PMCID: PMC10874368 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are primary immune cells that mediate a wide range of inflammatory diseases through their polarization potential. In this study, phytol isolated from Scoparia dulcis has been explored against 7-ketocholesterol and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage polarization in IC-21 cells. Isolated phytol has been characterized using GC-MS, TLC, HPTLC, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and HPLC analyses. The immunomodulatory effects of viable concentrations of phytol were tested on oxidative stress, arginase activity, nuclear and mitochondrial membrane potentials in IC-21 cells in addition to the modulation of calcium and lipids. Further, gene and protein expression of atherogenic markers were studied. Results showed that the isolated phytol at a viable concentration of 400 µg/ml effectively reduced the production of nitric oxide, superoxide anion (ROS generation), calcium and lipid accumulation, stabilized nuclear and mitochondrial membranes, and increased arginase activity. The atherogenic markers including iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-9, CD36, and NF-κB were significantly downregulated at the levels of gene and protein expression, while macrophage surface and nuclear receptor markers (CD206, CD163, and PPAR-γ) were significantly upregulated by phytol pre-treatment in macrophages. Therefore, the present pharmacognostic study supports the role of phytol isolated from Scoparia dulcis in preventing M2-M1 macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions, making it a promising compound. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03924-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annapoorani Angusamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | | | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni’s College for Women, Chennai, 600015 India
| | - Janarthanan Sundaram
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
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6
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Ghosh S, Ghzaiel I, Vejux A, Meaney S, Nag S, Lizard G, Tripathi G, Naez F, Paul S. Impact of Oxysterols in Age-Related Disorders and Strategies to Alleviate Adverse Effects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:163-191. [PMID: 38036880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols or cholesterol oxidation products are a class of molecules with the sterol moiety, derived from oxidative reaction of cholesterol through enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. They are widely reported in animal-origin foods and prove significant involvement in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, lipid transport, cellular signaling, and other physiological processes. Reports of oxysterol-mediated cytotoxicity are in abundance and thus consequently implicated in several age-related and lifestyle disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, bone disorders, pancreatic disorders, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and some types of cancers. In this chapter, we attempt to review a selection of physiologically relevant oxysterols, with a focus on their formation, properties, and roles in health and disease, while also delving into the potential of natural and synthetic molecules along with bacterial enzymes for mitigating oxysterol-mediated cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrima Ghosh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Falal Naez
- Department of Microbiology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Srijita Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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7
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Luquain-Costaz C, Delton I. Oxysterols in Vascular Cells and Role in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:213-229. [PMID: 38036882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cardiovascular complication of diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In these situations, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) undergo oxidation. Oxidized LDL displays proatherogenic activities through multiple and complex mechanisms which lead to dysfunctions of vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages). Oxidized LDLs are enriched in oxidized products of cholesterol called oxysterols formed either by autoxidation, enzymatically, or by both mechanisms. Several oxysterols have been shown to accumulate in atheroma plaques and to play a key role in atherogenesis. Depending on the type of oxysterols, various biological effects are exerted on vascular cells to regulate the formation of macrophage foam cells, endothelial integrity, adhesion and transmigration of monocytes, plaque progression, and instability. Most of these effects are linked to the ability of oxysterols to induce cellular oxidative stress and cytotoxicity mainly through apoptosis and proinflammatory mediators. Like for excess cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) can exert antiatherogenic activity by stimulating the efflux of oxysterols that have accumulated in foamy macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Luquain-Costaz
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Delton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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8
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Pariente A, Peláez R, Ochoa R, Pérez-Sala Á, Villanueva-Martínez Á, Bobadilla M, Larráyoz IM. Targeting 7KCh-Induced Cell Death Response Mediated by p38, P2X7 and GSDME in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells with Sterculic Acid. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2590. [PMID: 38004569 PMCID: PMC10675123 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of blindness in developed countries. AMD is characterized by the formation of drusen, which are lipidic deposits, between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid. One of the main molecules accumulated in drusen is 7-Ketocholesterol (7KCh), an oxidized-cholesterol derivative. It is known that 7KCh induces inflammatory and cytotoxic responses in different cell types and the study of its mechanism of action is interesting in order to understand the development of AMD. Sterculic acid (SA) counteracts 7KCh response in RPE cells and could represent an alternative to improve currently used AMD treatments, which are not efficient enough. In the present study, we determine that 7KCh induces a complex cell death signaling characterized by the activation of necrosis and an alternative pyroptosis mediated by P2X7, p38 and GSDME, a new mechanism not yet related to the response to 7KCh until now. On the other hand, SA treatment can successfully attenuate the activation of both necrosis and pyroptosis, highlighting its therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pariente
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo Ochoa
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Sala
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
| | - Ángela Villanueva-Martínez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
| | - Miriam Bobadilla
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
| | - Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegeneration Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (A.P.); (R.P.); (R.O.); (Á.P.-S.); (Á.V.-M.)
- Biomarkers, Artificial Intelligence and Signaling (BIAS), Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, Duquesa de la Victoria 88, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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9
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Lin CM, Chen HH, Lung CW, Chen HJ. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10789. [PMID: 37445964 PMCID: PMC10342181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for treating snake bites, scalds, burns, and viral and bacterial infections. It has been attracting an increasing amount of attention because of its biological activities, including its antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunoregulatory activities. Here, we conducted a panoramic survey of the literature regarding the immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities of C. nutans. We discovered that C. nutans extracts have virucidal activities against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, cyprinid herpesvirus 3, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, mosquito-borne chikungunya virus, and potentially SARS-CoV-2; such activities likely result from C. nutans interfering with the entry, penetration, infection, and replication of viruses. We also reviewed the phytochemicals in C. nutans extracts that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This updated review of the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities of C. nutans may guide future agricultural practices and reveal clinical applications of C. nutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 33348, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Han Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Wen Lung
- Department of Creative Product Design, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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10
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Hekal MH, Farag PS, Hemdan MM, El-Sayed AA, Hassaballah AI, El-Sayed WM. New 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potential anticancer agents: pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arrest, molecular modelling, and ADMET profile. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15810-15825. [PMID: 37250214 PMCID: PMC10209631 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02716c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized via the reaction of N-(5-(2-cyanoacetamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide (3) with different carbon electrophiles and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. The chemical structures of these derivatives were fully elucidated using various spectral and elemental analyses. Out of 24 new thiadiazoles, derivatives 4, 6b, 7a, 7d, and 19 have significant antiproliferative activity. However, derivatives 4, 7a, and 7d were toxic to the normal fibroblasts, and therefore were excluded from further investigations. Derivatives 6b and 19 with IC50 at less than 10 μM and with high selectivity were selected for further studies in breast cells (MCF-7). Derivative 19 arrested the breast cells at G2/M probably through inhibition of CDK1, while 6b significantly increased the sub-G1 percent of cells probably through induction of necrosis. These results were confirmed by the annexin V-PI assay where 6b did not induce apoptosis and increased the necrotic cells to 12.5%, and compound 19 significantly increased the early apoptosis to 15% and increased the necrotic cells to 15%. Molecular docking showed that compound 19 was like FB8, an inhibitor of CDK1, in binding the CDK1 pocket. Therefore, compound 19 could be a potential CDK1 inhibitor. Derivatives 6b and 19 did not violate Lipinski's rule of five. In silico studies showed that these derivatives have a low blood-brain barrier penetration capability and high intestinal absorption. Taken together, derivatives 6b and 19 could serve as potential anticancer agents and merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hekal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Paula S Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Magdy M Hemdan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Aya I Hassaballah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Wael M El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia 11566 Cairo Egypt +202 2684 2123 +202 2482 1633
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11
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Khan R, Panja S, Ding L, Tang S, Tang W, Kapoor E, Bennett RG, Oupický D. Polymeric Chloroquine as an Effective Antimigration Agent in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4631-4643. [PMID: 36346968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been the subject of multiple recent preclinical and clinical studies for its beneficial use in the combination treatments of different types of cancers. Polymeric HCQ (PCQ), a macromolecular multivalent version of HCQ, has been shown to be effective in various cancer models both in vitro and in vivo as an inhibitor of cancer cell migration and experimental lung metastasis. Here, we present detailed in vitro studies that show that low concentrations of PCQ can efficiently inhibit cancer cell migration and colony formation orders of magnitude more effectively compared to HCQ. After intraperitoneal administration of PCQ in vivo, high levels of tumor accumulation and penetration are observed, combined with strong antimetastatic activity in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. These studies support the idea that PCQ may be effectively used at low doses as an adjuvant in the therapy of pancreatic cancer. In conjunction with previously published literature, these studies further undergird the potential of PCQ as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubayat Khan
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sudipta Panja
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Ekta Kapoor
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Robert G Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska 68105, United States
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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12
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Su Z, Bai X, Wang H, Wang S, Chen C, Xiao F, Guo H, Gao H, Leng L, Li H. Identification of biomarkers associated with the feed efficiency by metabolomics profiling: results from the broiler lines divergent for high or low abdominal fat content. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 36352447 PMCID: PMC9647982 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving feed efficiency (FE) is one of the main objectives in broiler breeding. It is difficult to directly measure FE traits, and breeders hence have been trying to identify biomarkers for the indirect selection and improvement of FE traits. Metabolome is the "bridge" between genome and phenome. The metabolites may potentially account for more of the phenotypic variation and can suitably serve as biomarkers for selecting FE traits. This study aimed to identify plasma metabolite markers for selecting high-FE broilers. A total of 441 birds from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content were used to analyze plasma metabolome and estimate the genetic parameters of differentially expressed metabolites. Results The results identified 124 differentially expressed plasma metabolites (P < 0.05) between the lean line (high-FE birds) and the fat line (low-FE birds). Among these differentially expressed plasma metabolites, 44 were found to have higher positive or negative genetic correlations with FE traits (|rg| ≥ 0.30). Of these 44 metabolites, 14 were found to display moderate to high heritability estimates (h2 ≥ 0.20). However, among the 14 metabolites, 4 metabolites whose physiological functions have not been reported were excluded. Ultimately, 10 metabolites were suggested to serve as the potential biomarkers for breeding the high-FE broilers. Based on the physiological functions of these metabolites, reducing inflammatory and improving immunity were proposed to improve FE and increase production efficiency. Conclusions According to the pipeline for the selection of the metabolite markers established in this study, it was suggested that 10 metabolites including 7-ketocholesterol, dimethyl sulfone, epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine, gamma-glutamyltyrosine, 2-oxoadipic acid, L-homoarginine, testosterone, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, adrenic acid, and calcitriol could be used as the potential biomarkers for breeding the "food-saving broilers".
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13
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Plasma metabolomics in a deep vein thrombosis rat model based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2022; 40:736-745. [PMID: 35903841 PMCID: PMC9404070 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
深静脉血栓(DVT)是一种血栓栓塞性疾病,具有高发病率、高死亡率和高后遗症3大特点。采用左股静脉不完全结扎加高渗盐水刺激建立DVT大鼠模型,使用超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS)检测假手术组与DVT模型组的血浆代谢谱,用主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)对代谢组数据进行多元统计分析,观察两组间的代谢表型差异,将多变量模型分析中的变量重要性值(VIP>1)以及代谢物在模型组中的变化倍数(FC≤0.5或FC≥2,且P<0.05)作为差异代谢物筛选条件。最终在DVT模型组与假手术组间筛选得到27种差异代谢物,这些代谢物反映了DVT大鼠的代谢紊乱情况。具体表现为与假手术组相比,DVT模型组中三甲基胺氮氧化物(TMAO)、维生素K、鹅去氧胆酸、牛磺酸、1-甲基烟酰胺、7-酮胆固醇、反式十六烷基-2-烯醇肉碱、乙烯基乙酰甘氨酸、丙酰脯氨酸、咪唑乙酸、咪唑乙酸核糖苷、1,3,7-三甲基尿酸、1-丁胺、2-羟基异丙酸、吡哆醛、5α-四氢皮质酮、苯乳酸的水平显著升高;而3-脱氢肉碱、磷脂酰胆碱22∶6/20∶2(PC 22∶6/20∶2)、甘油二酯18∶3/20∶4(DG 18∶3/20∶4)、溶血磷脂酰胆碱20∶2(LysoPC 20∶2)、波维酸、鹅肌肽、L-肌肽、辛酸、羟基丙酮酸、3-羟基癸酸的水平显著降低。基于京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)代谢通路的差异丰度(DA)分析显示DVT模型大鼠与假手术组的代谢通路差异主要集中在初级胆汁酸生物合成、胆汁分泌、组氨酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢和β-丙氨酸代谢。紊乱的代谢物和代谢途径可为进一步深入理解DVT的病理机制、寻找诊断标志物及药物作用靶点提供参考。
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Monga J, Suthar SK, Rohila D, Joseph A, Chauhan CS, Sharma M. (+)-Cyanidan-3-ol inhibits epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma growth via inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling through modulating CIP2A-PP2A axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154116. [PMID: 35525235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in the treatment of squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC), the disease persists, and treatment resistance develops. Thus, identifying new targets and developing new therapeutic approaches showing low vulnerability to drug resistance is highly needed. PURPOSE This study aimed to reveal a novel targeted phytotherapeutic strategy for SCSC treatment alone or in combination with standard targeted anticancer molecules. STUDY DESIGN A library of natural products was utilized to identify molecules that inhibit the growth of skin cancer cells. The anticancer potential of the selected compound was evaluated in human skin squamous carcinoma models, in vitro and in vivo. A comprehensive ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) strategy and molecular biology technology was adopted to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms in human SCSC. METHODS The Matrigel invasion chamber, foci formation and soft agar colony formation assays were employed to study the cells invasion and migration potential in vitro. In vivo antitumor effects were evaluated in DMBA/TPA-induced skin papilloma and A431 human skin squamous carcinoma xenograft tumor models. An integrative IPA was employed to identify mechanisms and protein targets in human SCSC.Compounds synergies were determined by the bliss model and evaluated using human SCSC cell lines and xenograft tumors. Histological staining, immunofluorescence imaging, real-time PCR, Western blots, and flow cytometric analyses were employed to analyze apoptosis and cell signaling mechanisms. RESULTS We identified (+)-cyanidan-3-ol (CD-3) as a selective compound for inhibiting the growth of SCSC cell lines. CD-3 inhibited tumor growth and burden without apparent toxicity and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CD-3 inhibitory effects on SCSC growth are mediated via cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis induction. Mechanistic studies showed that CD-3 activates PP2A via inhibiting CIP2A and produces tumor growth inhibitory effects via promoting dephosphorylation of oncogenic AKT/mTOR signaling proteins in SCSC cells and xenograft tumors in a PP2A dependent manner. Furthermore, the combination of CD-3 and mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) synergistically reduced oncogenic phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PP2A activation is an effective strategy for SCSC treatment and the CD-3 and mTORi combination may serve as a promising treatment for SCSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India.
| | - Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India.
| | - Deepak Rohila
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Alex Joseph
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chetan Singh Chauhan
- Bhupal Nobles' Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan 173234, India; College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana 133203, India.
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15
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Fu Q, Li Y, Zhang H, Cao M, Zhang L, Gao C, Cai X, Chen D, Yang Z, Li J, Yang N, Li C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Spleen Reveals Potential Regulation of Genes and Immune Pathways Following Administration of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida Vaccine in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:97-115. [PMID: 35084599 PMCID: PMC8792528 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is a global fish pathogen. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM) is classified as atypical A. salmonicida and caused huge losses to salmonid industry in China. Hence, it is of great significance to develop ASM vaccine and explore its protection mechanism in salmonids. In this regard, we conducted RNA-seq analysis with spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon after ASM vaccination to reveal genes, their expression patterns, and pathways involved in immune protections. In our results, a total of 441.63 million clean reads were obtained, and 389.37 million reads were mapped onto the Atlantic salmon reference genome. In addition, 1125, 2126, 1098, 820, and 1351 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 747, 2626, 818, 254, and 908 genes were significantly down-regulated post-ASM vaccination at 12 h, 24 h, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months, respectively. Subsequent pathway analysis revealed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following ASM vaccination were involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (TNFRSF11b, IL-17RA, CCR9, and CXCL11), HTLV-I infection (MR1 and HTLV-1), MAPK signaling pathway (MAPK, IL8, and TNF-α-1), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (PIK3R3, THBS4, and COL2A1), and TNF signaling pathway (PTGS2, TNFRSF21-l, and CXCL10). Finally, the results of qRT-PCR showed a significant correlation with RNA-seq results, suggesting the reliability of RNA-seq for gene expression analysis. This study provided insights into regulation of gene expression and their involved pathways in Atlantic salmon spleen in responses to vaccine, and set the foundation for further study on the vaccine protective mechanism in Atlantic salmon as well as other teleost species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd, Zhucheng, 262200, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Defeng Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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16
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Yan Q, Zhang B, Ling X, Zhu B, Mei S, Yang H, Zhang D, Huo J, Zhao Z. CTLA-4 Facilitates DNA Damage–Induced Apoptosis by Interacting With PP2A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:728771. [PMID: 35281086 PMCID: PMC8907142 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.728771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) plays a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. It accumulates in intracellular compartments, translocates to the cell surface, and is rapidly internalized. However, the cytoplasmic function of CTLA-4 remains largely unknown. Here, we describe the role of CTLA-4 as an immunomodulator in the DNA damage response to genotoxic stress. Using isogenic models of murine T cells with either sufficient or deficient CTLA-4 expression and performing a variety of assays, including cell apoptosis, cell cycle, comet, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining analyses, we show that CTLA-4 activates ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) by binding to the ATM inhibitor protein phosphatase 2A into the cytoplasm of T cells following transient treatment with zeocin, exacerbating the DNA damage response and inducing apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into how T cells maintain their immune function under high-stress conditions, which is clinically important for patients with tumors undergoing immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Zhao,
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17
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Soh S, Ong WY. Effect of Withanolide A on 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Cytotoxicity in hCMEC/D3 Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030457. [PMID: 35159267 PMCID: PMC8834337 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Withanolide A is a naturally occurring phytochemical that is found in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae) or Indian Ginseng. In the current study, we elucidated the effect of withanolide A on 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) induced injury in hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells. 7KC is a cholesterol oxidation product or oxysterol that is present in atherosclerotic plaques and is elevated in the plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia and/or diabetes mellitus. Results showed that withanolide A significantly reduced the effects of 7KC, which include loss of endothelial cell viability, increase in expression of pro-inflammatory genes-IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), increased COX-2 enzyme activity, increased ROS formation, increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and genes associated with blood clotting, including Factor 2/thrombin, Factor 8, von Willebrand factor, and thromboxane A synthase, and increased human thrombin enzyme activity. Some of the above effects of withanolide A on 7KC were reduced in the presence of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, mifepristone (RU486). These findings suggest that the glucocorticoid receptor could play a role in the cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-clotting effects of withanolide A against 7KC. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of action of withanolide A against oxysterol-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Soh
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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18
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Hu C, Li HW, Ke JQ, Yu XC, Zhao MY, Shi XY, Wu LJ, Tang XL, Xiong YH. Metabolic profiling of lysophosphatidylcholines in chlorpromazine hydrochloride- and N-acetyl- p-amino-phenoltriptolide-induced liver injured rats based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221108320. [PMID: 35722787 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CH) and N-acetyl-p-amino-phenoltriptolide (APAP) are typical acentral dopamine receptor antagonists and antipyretic analgesics in clinical applications, respectively. However, it has been reported that these 2 drugs could cause liver damage. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) have multiple physiological functions and are metabolized primarily in the liver, where it undergoes significant changes when the liver is damaged. In the study, 15 LPCs in the rat serum with CH- and APAP-induced liver injury were quantified based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to understand CH- and APAP-induced liver injury from the perspective of LPC metabolic profiling. The quantitative results showed that there were significant changes in 10 LPCs and 5 LPCs after CH- and APAP-administration, separately. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that CH- and APAP-induced liver injury could be well distinguished by the LPC metabolic profiling, and 7 LPCs and 1 LPC biomarkers that could characterize CH- and APAP-induced liver damage in turn had been screened. This study will not only provide a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis of CH- and APAP-induced liver injury, but also offer a reference for further study of their hepatotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qun Ke
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Shi
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Lan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Hua Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Yang L, Yu P, Chen M, Lei B. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Rapamycin Alleviates 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Inflammatory Responses and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Elevation by Regulating MAPK Pathway in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:189-200. [PMID: 34936813 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To validate the protective effect of a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor on human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells challenged with 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Human primary RPE (hRPE) cells and ARPE-19 cells were cultured with or without 10 nM of rapamycin for 6 h before being exposed to 10 μM of 7-KC for 24 h. The transcriptome of 7-KC challenged ARPE-19 cells was investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The effects of 7-KC and rapamycin on the viability of ARPE-19 cells were measured with CCK-8. Gene expression was verified by real-time PCR, and protein levels were determined by ELISA or Western blotting. Results: The expression of IL-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in RPE cells was markedly increased after stimulation with 7-KC for 12/24 h compared with the controls. RNA-seq showed that a total of 10,243 genes were differentially expressed, with 5,518 genes upregulated and 4,725 genes downregulated between the 7-KC treated and the control group. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that 7-KC stimulation activated mTOR signaling and other pathways, including adherent junction, MAPK, and Wnt signalings. mTOR inhibitor rapamycin significantly suppressed the elevation of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF stimulated by 7-KC. Rapamycin not only decreased the level of phosphorylated mTOR, P70S6K, 4EBP1 but also inhibited the activation of MAPK pathway. Conclusions: Inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway suppressed the elevation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and the angiogenic agent VEGF induced by 7-KC. The protective effect of rapamycin was associated with its downregulation on MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Changshou District, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Lei
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Nury T, Yammine A, Ghzaiel I, Sassi K, Zarrouk A, Brahmi F, Samadi M, Rup-Jacques S, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Pais de Barros J, Bergas V, Ghosh S, Majeed M, Pande A, Atanasov A, Hammami S, Hammami M, Mackrill J, Nasser B, Andreoletti P, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Vejux A, Lizard G. Attenuation of 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced oxiapoptophagy by nutrients, synthetic molecules and oils: Potential for the prevention of age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101324. [PMID: 33774195 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related diseases for which there are no effective treatments include cardiovascular diseases; neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease; eye disorders such as cataract and age-related macular degeneration; and, more recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). These diseases are associated with plasma and/or tissue increases in cholesterol derivatives mainly formed by auto-oxidation: 7-ketocholesterol, also known as 7-oxo-cholesterol, and 7β-hydroxycholesterol. The formation of these oxysterols can be considered as a consequence of mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction, leading to increased in oxidative stress, which is accentuated with age. 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol cause a specific form of cytotoxic activity defined as oxiapoptophagy, including oxidative stress and induction of death by apoptosis associated with autophagic criteria. Oxiaptophagy is associated with organelle dysfunction and in particular with mitochondrial and peroxisomal alterations involved in the induction of cell death and in the rupture of redox balance. As the criteria characterizing 7-ketocholesterol- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cytotoxicity are often simultaneously observed in major age-related diseases (cardiovascular diseases, age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease) the involvement of these oxysterols in the pathophysiology of the latter seems increasingly likely. It is therefore important to better understand the signalling pathways associated with the toxicity of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in order to identify pharmacological targets, nutrients and synthetic molecules attenuating or inhibiting the cytotoxic activities of these oxysterols. Numerous natural cytoprotective compounds have been identified: vitamins, fatty acids, polyphenols, terpenes, vegetal pigments, antioxidants, mixtures of compounds (oils, plant extracts) and bacterial enzymes. However, few synthetic molecules are able to prevent 7-ketocholesterol- and/or 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cytotoxicity: dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG126, memantine, simvastatine, Trolox, dimethylsufoxide, mangafodipir and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) inhibitors. The effectiveness of these compounds, several of which are already in use in humans, makes it possible to consider using them for the treatment of certain age-related diseases associated with increased plasma and/or tissue levels of 7-ketocholesterol and/or 7β-hydroxycholesterol.
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21
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Meng Y, Yin Q, Ma Q, Qin H, Zhang J, Zhang B, Pang H, Tian H. FXII regulates the formation of deep vein thrombosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mice. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:87. [PMID: 33760144 PMCID: PMC8018183 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common peripheral vascular disease, which may result in pulmonary embolism and is accompanied by endothelial injury. However, the pathogenesis of DVT remains unclear. Coagulation factor XII (FXII), as an important coagulation factor, has been reported to be closely associated with thrombosis. However, the association between FXII protein and DVT formation is not yet fully understood. The present study examined the effects of FXII protein on DVT formation and aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism. In the present study, histological characterization of the femoral vein tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The damage to the femoral vein tissue was examined by TUNEL assay. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were examined using ELISA. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑8 and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were determined by ELISA, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that thrombosis, FXII protein, cell apoptosis and the SOD concentrations were decreased, while the MDA concentrations were increased in mice with DVT compared with the control or sham groups. TNF‑α, IL‑6, IL‑8 and PI3K/AKT signaling was also upregulated in the mice with DVT. Furthermore, the knockdown of FXII significantly upregulated the SOD concentrations and downregulated thrombosis and cell apoptosis, as well as the MDA concentrations in mice with DVT. The knockdown of FXII also significantly downregulated the protein expression of TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑8, and the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Additionally, LY294002 pre‑treatment markedly downregulated thrombosis and cell apoptosis and the MDA content, whereas it upregulated the SOD concentrations in mice with DVT. LY294002 pre‑treatment also significantly downregulated the TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑8 protein levels. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that FXII protein promotes DVT via the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling by inducing an inflammatory response. Targeting FXII protein may thus prove to be a potential approach for the treatment of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Pang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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22
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Xun R, Lu H, Wang X. Identification of CDC25C as a Potential Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820967474. [PMID: 33111630 PMCID: PMC7607810 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820967474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most aggressive type of gastrointestinal tumor, with a high rate of mortality. However, identifying biomarkers for the treatment of HCC remains to be developed. We aimed to determine whether cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) could be used as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in HCC. Expression of CDC25C in HCC was analyzed by using GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) and UALCAN databases. GEPIA and CBioPortal databases were applied to analyze patients’survival and CDC25C mutations, respectively. PPI (Protein-Protein Interaction) network was further built by STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) and Metascape Web portals. To the best of our knowledge, the novel observations identified in the present study reveal that the expression of CDC25C in HCC was significantly enhanced when compare to that in normal liver tissues (P < 0.001). A higher CDC25C expression resulted in a remarkably shorter disease free survival as well as overall survival. Moreover, the expression of CDC25C in HCC was related to HCC patients’grade and race, but not gender. The expression levels of CDC25C elevated gradually from stage 1 to 3 but decreased in stage 4. The specific gene mutations V41A, L87 H, N222 K and X309-splice of CDC25C occurred in HCC samples and these unique mutations were not detected in any other tumor tissues. Finally, PPI networks and GO enrichment analysis suggested that CDC25C might be associated with cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, bioinformatics analysis revealed that CDC25C might be a potential diagnostic predictor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Xun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Peoples Hospital of Linquan County, Fuyang, China
| | - Hougen Lu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second School of Clinical Medicine & Jingzhou Central Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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23
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Kuo X, Herr DR, Ong WY. Anti-inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effect of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf But Not Stem Extracts on 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Brain Endothelial Cell Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:176-183. [PMID: 33085066 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Lindau) (C. nutans) has diverse uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes, insect and snake bites, lesions caused by herpes simplex virus, diabetes mellitus and gout in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. We previously showed that C. nutans has the ability to modulate the induction of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression in SH-SY5Y cells through the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the current study, we elucidated the effect of C. nutans on the hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells are exposed to high levels of the cholesterol oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and this process is thought to mediate pathological inflammation. 7KC induced a dose-dependent loss of hCMEC/D3 cell viability, and such damage was significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf extracts but not stem extracts. 7KC also induced a marked increase in mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain endothelial cells, and these increases were significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf but not stem extracts. HPLC analyses showed that leaf extracts have a markedly different chemical profile compared to stem extracts, which might explain their different effects in counteracting 7KC-induced inflammation. Further study is necessary to identify the putative phytochemicals in C. nutans leaves that have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kuo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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24
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Effect of Ergothioneine on 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Endothelial Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:184-198. [PMID: 33067719 PMCID: PMC7567423 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ET) is a naturally occurring antioxidant that is synthesized by non-yeast fungi and certain bacteria. ET is not synthesized by animals, including humans, but is avidly taken up from the diet, especially from mushrooms. In the current study, we elucidated the effect of ET on the hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells are exposed to high levels of the cholesterol oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and this process is thought to mediate pathological inflammation. 7KC induces a dose-dependent loss of cell viability and an increase in apoptosis and necrosis in the endothelial cells. A relocalization of the tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5, towards the nucleus of the cells was also observed. These effects were significantly attenuated by ET. In addition, 7KC induces marked increases in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), as well as COX2 enzymatic activity, and these were significantly reduced by ET. Moreover, the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of ET were significantly reduced by co-incubation with an inhibitor of the ET transporter, OCTN1 (VHCL). This shows that ET needs to enter the endothelial cells to have a protective effect and is unlikely to act via extracellular neutralizing of 7KC. The protective effect on inflammation in brain endothelial cells suggests that ET might be useful as a nutraceutical for the prevention or management of neurovascular diseases, such as stroke and vascular dementia. Moreover, the ability of ET to cross the blood-brain barrier could point to its usefulness in combatting 7KC that is produced in the CNS during neuroinflammation, e.g. after excitotoxicity, in chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and possibly COVID-19-related neurologic complications.
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25
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Vejux A, Abed-Vieillard D, Hajji K, Zarrouk A, Mackrill JJ, Ghosh S, Nury T, Yammine A, Zaibi M, Mihoubi W, Bouchab H, Nasser B, Grosjean Y, Lizard G. 7-Ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol: In vitro and animal models used to characterize their activities and to identify molecules preventing their toxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Anderson A, Campo A, Fulton E, Corwin A, Jerome WG, O'Connor MS. 7-Ketocholesterol in disease and aging. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101380. [PMID: 31926618 PMCID: PMC6926354 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
7-Ketocholesterol (7KC) is a toxic oxysterol that is associated with many diseases and disabilities of aging, as well as several orphan diseases. 7KC is the most common product of a reaction between cholesterol and oxygen radicals and is the most concentrated oxysterol found in the blood and arterial plaques of coronary artery disease patients as well as various other disease tissues and cell types. Unlike cholesterol, 7KC consistently shows cytotoxicity to cells and its physiological function in humans or other complex organisms is unknown. Oxysterols, particularly 7KC, have also been shown to diffuse through membranes where they affect receptor and enzymatic function. Here, we will explore the known and proposed mechanisms of pathologies that are associated with 7KC, as well speculate about the future of 7KC as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in medicine.
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27
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Yang C, Xie L, Gu Q, Qiu Q, Wu X, Yin L. 7-Ketocholesterol disturbs RPE cells phagocytosis of the outer segment of photoreceptor and induces inflammation through ERK signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Pariente A, Peláez R, Pérez-Sala Á, Larráyoz IM. Inflammatory and cell death mechanisms induced by 7-ketocholesterol in the retina. Implications for age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Pan Z, Zhang X, Yu P, Chen X, Lu P, Li M, Liu X, Li Z, Wei F, Wang K, Zheng Q, Li D. Cinobufagin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase and Promotes Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:853. [PMID: 31552178 PMCID: PMC6738445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that cinobufagin, as an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of cinobufagin on A375 human malignant melanoma cells. MTT and colony formation assays showed that cinobufagin significantly inhibited A375 cell proliferation and cell colony formation. Additional studies demonstrated that cinobufagin markedly increased the levels of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and decreased the levels of cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and cyclin B, subsequently inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest in A375 cells. Moreover, cinobufagin clearly inhibited the levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), AKT, p-AKT, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). By contrast, it increased the levels of Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-2-associated X, cytoplasmic cytochrome C, and apoptotic protease activating factor 1, leading to increased levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, resulting in the apoptosis of A375 cells. Together, these results indicate that cinobufagin can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of A375/B16 cell proliferation. Thus, cinobufagin may be useful for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Pan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Fei Wei
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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30
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Aliwaini S, Awadallah AM, Morjan RY, Ghunaim M, Alqaddi H, Abuhamad AY, Awadallah EA, Abughefra YM. Novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine inhibits AKT/mTOR pathway and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma and cervical cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:830-837. [PMID: 31289560 PMCID: PMC6540349 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine 5–7 in the A375 and WM115 melanoma and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. The viability of cancer cells was analyzed by the MTT assay. Apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry following staining of the cells with AnnexinV/propidium iodide (PI). The cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry after staining of cells with PI. The three compounds inhibited the proliferation of all cells for half maximal inhibitory concentration ranging from 9.7 to 44.6 µM following 48-h treatment. In addition, all cancer cells were more sensitive to compound 6 compared with the other compounds. Treatment with compound 6 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and a significant increased level of intrinsic apoptosis in all tested cells. Furthermore, compound 6 reduced the levels of phospho (p)-protein kinase B and p-mechanistic target of rapamycin, and increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitors p53 and p21 and of the apoptosis-associated proteins BCL2 associated X protein and active caspase-9. Silencing p53 in A375 melanoma cells reduced compound 6-induced apoptosis, which suggested that compound 6 may induce p53-partially mediated apoptosis. These results demonstrated that imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 5–7 are potential effective compounds in the treatment of melanoma and cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeb Aliwaini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Adel M Awadallah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Rami Y Morjan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mariam Ghunaim
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Hala Alqaddi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Asmaa Y Abuhamad
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Enas A Awadallah
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
| | - Yasmin M Abughefra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Islamic University of Gaza, 108 Gaza, Palestine
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31
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Levy D, de Melo TC, Oliveira BA, Paz JL, de Freitas FA, Reichert CO, Rodrigues A, Bydlowski SP. 7-Ketocholesterol and cholestane-triol increase expression of SMO and LXRα signaling pathways in a human breast cancer cell line. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 19:100604. [PMID: 31463370 PMCID: PMC6709374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are 27-carbon oxidation products of cholesterol metabolism. Oxysterols possess several biological actions, including the promotion of cell death. Here, we examined the ability of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), cholestane-3β-5α-6β-triol (triol), and a mixture of 5α-cholestane-3β,6β-diol and 5α-cholestane-3β,6α-diol (diol) to promote cell death in a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). We determined cell viability, after 24-h incubation with oxysterols. These oxysterols promoted apoptosis. At least part of the observed effects promoted by 7-KC and triol arose from an increase in the expression of the sonic hedgehog pathway mediator, smoothened. However, this increased expression was apparently independent of sonic hedgehog expression, which did not change. Moreover, these oxysterols led to increased expression of LXRα, which is involved in cellular cholesterol efflux, and the ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1. Diols did not affect these pathways. These results suggested that the sonic hedgehog and LXRα pathways might be involved in the apoptotic process promoted by 7-KC and triol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica L. Paz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. de Freitas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cadiele O. Reichert
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio P. Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Brazil
- Correspondence to: Department of Hematology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av.Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar,155, 1st floor, room 43, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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32
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Oxysterols selectively promote short-term apoptosis in tumor cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1043-1049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Brahmi F, Vejux A, Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Meddeb W, Rezig L, Namsi A, Sassi K, Yammine A, Badreddine I, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Madani K, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Nasser B, Lizard G. Prevention of 7-ketocholesterol-induced side effects by natural compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3179-3198. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Brahmi
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab. Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health’, LR12ES05, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lab. Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health’, LR12ES05, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lab. Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- LMMA/IPEST, Faculty of Science, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Leila Rezig
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- ESIAT, Lab. Conservation et Valorisation des Aliments, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab. Onco-Hematology, Faculty de Medicine of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aline Yammine
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Bioactive Molecules Research Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Iham Badreddine
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Lab. ‘Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement’, Université Ibn Zohr, Taroudant, Morocco
| | | | - Khodir Madani
- Lab. Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf
- Lab. Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Lab. Neuroscience and Biochemistry, Université Hassan 1er, Settat, Morocco
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Zhang Y, Cong L, He J, Wang Y, Zou Y, Yang Z, Hu Y, Zhang S, He X. Photothermal treatment with EGFRmAb-AuNPs induces apoptosis in hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and DNA damage response pathways. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:567-578. [PMID: 29718150 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HC) is one of the most malignant tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract. Currently, there are no effective treatments for HC. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a promising tool that can be used for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT), which refers to the use of electromagnetic radiation, most often in near infrared (NIR) region, for the treatment of various medical conditions including cancer. AuNPs have been proved to be a promising tool for NIR spectroscopy-mediated photothermal therapies. In this study, we chemically conjugated AuNPs with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cell-surface receptor that is overexpressed in many cancers. We then assessed the effect of NIR photothermal treatment with the EGFRmAb-AuNPs in FaDu HC cells. Our data showed that nanoparticle conjugation with the EGFRmAb improved the specific targeting towards FaDu cells and reduced cytotoxicity towards normal (293 T) cells which do not overexpress the EGFR. A significant amount of our EGFRmAb-conjugated AuNPs could enter the nucleus. Moreover, the expression levels of double strand DNA break repair proteins, including p-ATR, p-CHK1, and p-CHK2 were increased following AuNPs treatment, indicating the presence of DNA damage. These findings suggest that the AuNPs can potentially disrupt genome integrity and induce apoptosis. In addition, EGFRmAb-AuNPs+NIR could induce FaDu cell apoptosis, accompanied by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and stimulation of DNA damage response. Based on these data, PPTT using the EGFRmAb-AuNPs could be a new promising treatment for HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linhai Cong
- Department of ENT, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jiayan He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yingying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuexin Hu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiaoguang He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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IL-1β induced IL-8 and uPA expression/production of dental pulp cells: Role of TAK1 and MEK/ERK signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:697-704. [PMID: 29709340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory processes of dental pulp. IL-8 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) are two inflammatory mediators. However, the role of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in responsible for the effects of IL-1β on IL-8 and uPA expression/secretion of dental pulp cells are not clear. METHODS Human dental pulp cells were exposed to IL-1β with/without pretreatment with 5z-7-oxozeaneaeol (a TAK1 inhibitor) or U0126 (a MEK/ERK inhibitor). TAK1 activation was determined by immunofluorescent staining. The protein expression of IL-8 was tested by western blot. The expression of IL-8 and uPA mRNA was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The secretion of IL-8 and uPA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Exposure of dental pulp cells to IL-1β (0.1-10 ng/ml) stimulated IL-8 and uPA expression. IL-1β also induced IL-8 and uPA secretion of dental pulp cells. IL-1β stimulated p-TAK1 activation of pulp cells. Pretreatment and co-incubation of pulp cells by 5z-7oxozeaenol (1 and 2.5 μM) and U0126 (10 and 20 μM) prevented the IL-1β-induced IL-8 and uPA expression. 5z-7oxozeaenol and U0126 also attenuated the IL-1β-induced IL-8 and uPA secretion. CONCLUSION IL-1β is important in the pathogenesis of pulpal inflammatory diseases and repair via stimulation of IL-8 and uPA expression and secretion. These events are associated with TAK1 and MEK/ERK signaling. Blocking of TAK1 and MEK/ERK signaling has potential to control inflammation of dental pulp.
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Favero GM, Paz JL, Otake AH, Maria DA, Caldini EG, de Medeiros RSS, Deus DF, Chammas R, Maranhão RC, Bydlowski SP. Cell internalization of 7-ketocholesterol-containing nanoemulsion through LDL receptor reduces melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo: a preliminary report. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14160-14174. [PMID: 29581835 PMCID: PMC5865661 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are cholesterol oxygenated derivatives which possess several biological actions. Among oxysterols, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) is known to induce cell death. Here, we hypothesized that 7KC cytotoxicity could be applied in cancer therapeutics. 7KC was incorporated into a lipid core nanoemulsion. As a cellular model the murine melanoma cell line B16F10 was used. The nanoparticle (7KCLDE) uptake into tumor cells was displaced by increasing amounts of low-density-lipoproteins (LDL) suggesting a LDL-receptor-mediated cell internalization. 7KCLDE was mainly cytostatic, which led to an accumulation of polyploid cells. Nevertheless, a single dose of 7KCLDE killed roughly 10% of melanoma cells. In addition, it was observed dissipation of the transmembrane potential, evidenced with flow cytometry; presence of autophagic vacuoles, visualized and quantified with flow cytometry and acridine orange; and presence of myelin figures, observed with ultrastructural microscopy. 7KCLDE impaired cytokenesis was accompanied by changes in cellular morphology into a fibroblastoid shape which is supported by cytoskeletal rearrangements, as shown by the increased actin polymerization. 7KCLDE was injected into B16 melanoma tumor-bearing mice. 7KCLDE accumulated in the liver and tumor. In melanoma tumor 7KCLDE promoted a >50% size reduction, enlarged the necrotic area, and reduced intratumoral vasculature. 7KCLDE increased the survival rates of animals, without hematologic or liver toxicity. Although more pre-clinical studies should be performed, our preliminary results suggested that 7KCLDE is a promising novel preparation for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovani M Favero
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Jessica L Paz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia H Otake
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Durvanei A Maria
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratories, Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elia G Caldini
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael S S de Medeiros
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Debora F Deus
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio P Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Xu Q, Cao S, Rajapakse S, Matsubara JA. Understanding AMD by analogy: systematic review of lipid-related common pathogenic mechanisms in AMD, AD, AS and GN. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:3. [PMID: 29301530 PMCID: PMC5755337 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly. Due to its complex etiology, current treatments have been insufficient. Previous studies reveal three systems closely involved in AMD pathogenesis: lipid metabolism, oxidation and inflammation. These systems are also involved in Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and glomerulonephritis. Understanding commonalities of these four diseases may provide insight into AMD etiology. OBJECTIVES To understand AMD pathogenesis by analogy and suggest ideas for future research, this study summarizes main commonalities in disease pathogenesis of AMD, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and glomerulonephritis. METHODS Articles were identified through PubMed, Ovid Medline and Google Scholar. We summarized the common findings and synthesized critical differences. RESULTS Oxidation, lipid deposition, complement activation, and macrophage recruitment are involved in all four diseases shown by genetic, molecular, animal and human studies. Shared genetic variations further strengthen their connection. Potential areas for future research are suggested throughout the review. CONCLUSIONS The four diseases share many steps of an overall framework of pathogenesis. Various oxidative sources cause oxidative stress. Oxidized lipids and related molecules accumulate and lead to complement activation, macrophage recruitment and pathology. Investigations that arise under this structure may aid us to better understand AMD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9 Canada
| | - Sijia Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9 Canada
| | - Sanjeeva Rajapakse
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9 Canada
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9 Canada
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Chang MC, Lee JJ, Chen YJ, Lin SI, Lin LD, Jein-Wen Liou E, Huang WL, Chan CP, Huang CC, Jeng JH. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces cytotoxicity/apoptosis and IL-8 production of human endothelial cells: Related mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106177-106189. [PMID: 29290940 PMCID: PMC5739725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein oxLDL) are shown to elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This is possibly due to the toxic effects of oxLDLs on vascular cells. Various oxLDLs including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and 7-ketocholesterol injure vascular endothelial cells and stimulate inflammatory reaction. However the toxicity of LPC on endothelial cells is not clear. In this study, human endothelial cells were exposed to LPC. Cytotoxicity was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Propidium iodide (PI) staining or PI/Annexin V dual staining flow cytometry were used to determine cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by DCFH-DA labeling flow cytometry. RNA and protein expression of endothelial cells was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. IL-8 secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. LPC showed cytotoxicity to endothelial cells (>50 µg/ml). LPC induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with concomitant inhibition of cdc2 and cyclin B1 expression. LPC stimulated intracellular ROS production and ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk1 and Akt activation. IL-8 expression and secretion in endothelial cells were induced by LPC. LPC-induced apoptosis, and IL-8 expression/secretion was attenuated by LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor. These results reveal that LPC is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases by stimulation of inflammation and injury to endothelial cells. These events are related to ROS, ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk2 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Understanding the toxic mechanisms of LPC is useful for future prevention and treatment atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jaer Lee
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Municipal Taoyuan Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Ling Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chia Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Outside-in, inside-out: Proteomic analysis of endothelial stress mediated by 7-ketocholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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