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van Zonneveld SM, van den Oever EJ, Haarman BCM, Grandjean EL, Nuninga JO, van de Rest O, Sommer IEC. An Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Its Potential Benefit for Individuals with Mental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2646. [PMID: 39203783 PMCID: PMC11357610 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding anti-inflammatory dietary patterns and their potential benefits for individuals with mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the etiology and progression of these conditions. The review examines the evidence for the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of dietary components and food groups, focusing on whole foods rather than specific nutrients or supplements. Key dietary components showing potential benefits include fruits and vegetables (especially berries and leafy greens), whole grains, legumes, fatty fish rich in omega-3, nuts (particularly walnuts), olive oil, and fermented foods. These foods are generally rich in antioxidants, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds that may help modulate inflammation, support gut health, and promote neuroprotection. Conversely, ultra-processed foods, red meat, and sugary beverages may be harmful. Based on this evidence, we designed the Brain Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition (BrAIN) diet. The mechanisms of this diet include the modulation of the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis, the regulation of inflammatory pathways, a reduction in oxidative stress, and the promotion of neuroplasticity. The BrAIN diet shows promise as an aid to manage mental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. van Zonneveld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen J. van den Oever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy L. Grandjean
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper O. Nuninga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Suh SW, Lim E, Burm SY, Lee H, Bae JB, Han JW, Kim KW. The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function in individuals without dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Med 2024; 22:109. [PMID: 38468309 PMCID: PMC10929146 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been suggested as a cognitive enhancing agent, though their effect is doubtful. We aimed to examine the effect of n-3 PUFA on the cognitive function of middle-aged or older adults without dementia. METHODS We reviewed randomized controlled trials of individuals aged 40 years or older. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. We used the restricted cubic splines model for non-linear dose-response meta-analysis in terms of the standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The current meta-analysis on 24 studies (n 9660; follow-up 3 to 36 months) found that the beneficial effect on executive function demonstrates an upward trend within the initial 12 months of intervention. This effect is prominently observed with a daily intake surpassing 500 mg of n-3 PUFA and up to 420 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Furthermore, these trends exhibit heightened significance in regions where the levels of blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + EPA are not very low. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of n-3 PUFA may confer potential benefits to executive function among the middle-aged and elderly demographic, particularly in individuals whose dietary DHA + EPA level is not substantially diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunji Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Suh-Yuhn Burm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyungji Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
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3
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Guo Y, Liang R, Ren J, Cheng L, Wang M, Chai H, Cheng X, Yang Y, Sun Y, Li J, Zhao S, Hou W, Zhang J, Liu F, Wang R, Niu Q, Yu H, Yang S, Bai J, Zhang H, Qin X, Xia N. Cognitive status and its risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes in a low-income rural area of China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6010. [PMID: 37794769 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The proportion of older people with dementia in China is gradually increasing with the increase in the aging population over recent years. Hypertension and diabetes are common non-communicable diseases among rural populations in China. However, it remains unclear whether these conditions affect the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment as there is limited research on cognitive status and its risk factors among residents of rural areas. METHODS A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5400 participants from rural permanent residents. A self-designed structured questionnaire was used to investigate demographic data of the participants. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA). The results were analyzed using chi-square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 5028 participants returned the survey, giving a response rate of 93.1%. Higher education (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.87-3.54, p < 0.001), higher income (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.07, p < 0.001), and dietary control (OR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.34-0.98, p < 0.001) were protective factors. A visual representation of the relationship between annual income and MoCA score showed an inverted U-curve, the group with an annual income of 6000-7999 RMB had a maximum OR of 1.93 (95%CI 0.12-2.74, p < 0.001). While difficulty in maintaining sleep were risk factors for cognitive impairment (OR = -2.28, 95% CI-4.18-0.39, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Participants with middle incomes had better cognitive status than those with the highest incomes. Higher education, proper diet control and good sleep are beneficial to the cognitive status of residents in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjuan Ren
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Jinzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Mengqin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huilin Chai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaowen Yang
- Health Commission Supervision & Inspection Center, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Department of Health Economics, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Health Commission and Sports Bureau of Yangqu County, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Yangqu People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Yangqu People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shoulin Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Qin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Zhao H, Wang M, Peng X, Zhong L, Liu X, Shi Y, Li Y, Chen Y, Tang S. Fish consumption in multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational and clinical studies. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:152. [PMID: 36845999 PMCID: PMC9951006 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to be associated with numbers of health benefits, and which can be uptake from fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence of associations between consumption of fish and diverse health outcomes. Here, we performed an umbrella review to summarize the breadth, strength, and validity of the evidence derived from meta-analyses and systematic reviews of fish consumption on all health outcomes. Methods The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses and the quality of the evidence were assessed by the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) tools, respectively. The umbrella review identified 91 meta-analyses with 66 unique health outcomes, of which 32 outcomes were beneficial, 34 showed nonsignificant associations and only one was harmful (myeloid leukemia). Results A total of 17 beneficial associations [all-cause mortality, prostate cancer mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), glioma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), oral cancer, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cerebrovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), triglycerides, vitamin D, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and multiple sclerosis (MS)], and eight nonsignificant associations [colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), prostate cancer, renal cancer, ovarian cancer, hypertension, ulcerative colitis (UC), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] were evaluated as moderate/high quality of evidence. According to dose-response analyses, consumption of fish, especially fatty types, seems generally safe at one-two servings per week and could exert protective effects. Conclusions Fish consumption is often associated with a variety of health outcomes, both beneficial and harmless, but only about 34% of the associations were graded as based on a moderate/high quality of evidence, and additional multicenter high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a large sample size are needed to verify these findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;,Department of Endocrinology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongxiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Murakami Y, Hosomi R, Nishimoto A, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Protective Effects of Fish (Alaska Pollock) Protein Intake against Short-Term Memory Decline in Senescence-Accelerated Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214618. [PMID: 36364879 PMCID: PMC9658838 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fish intake has proven to have health benefits in humans. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish oil (FO), especially, may provide protection against age-related cognitive disorders. Owing to the unique benefits of n-3 PUFAs, other nutrients, such as fish protein (FP), have not been well studied. To clarify the effects of FO and FP on brain function, we investigated whether FO or FP feeding can prevent age-related cognitive dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 10 (SAMP10) mice. The FP group maintained a better working memory compared to the control and FO groups in the Y-maze test, but not episodic memory in the novel object recognition test. To evaluate demyelination levels, we measured neurofilament H (NfH) and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus (Hipp). Axon morphology was maintained in the FP group, but not in the control and FO groups. Additionally, the percentage of positive area for double-staining with NfH/MPB was significantly higher in the Hipp of FP-fed mice than in the control (p < 0.05). These results suggest that FP intake prevents age-related cognitive dysfunction by maintaining axonal morphology in the Hipp of SAMP10 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (R.H.); Tel.: +81-72-804-2402 (Y.M.); +81-6-6368-1765 (R.H.)
| | - Ryota Hosomi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (R.H.); Tel.: +81-72-804-2402 (Y.M.); +81-6-6368-1765 (R.H.)
| | - Ayano Nishimoto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Shinmachi, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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6
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Fish consumption and the risk of dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114889. [PMID: 36257206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports some health benefits of nutrients in fish, but evidence from comprehensive investigation of fish consumption and the risk of dementia is limited. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to investigate this association. Papers relevant to our study published by 2021 were searched using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. Pooled relative risks (RRs) of the association between fish consumption and dementia risk were calculated using a random-effects model. Seven prospective cohort studies with a total of 30,638 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, people with high fish consumption had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared to those with low fish consumption. In addition, the dose-response meta-analysis also supported the inverse association. The inverse association tended to be stronger in studies conducted in Asia. The findings of the meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies provide quantitative evidence for an inverse association between fish consumption and the risk of dementia. Further research on consumption of specific types of fish with respect to the risk of dementia are needed to provide more informative recommendations to the public.
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Vassilopoulou E, Koumbi L, Karastogiannidou C, Sotiriadis PM, Felicia PC, Tsolaki M. Adjustment of the MIND diet tool for discriminating Greek patients with dementia: A confirmatory factor analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:811314. [PMID: 36188390 PMCID: PMC9516637 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.811314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The MIND diet, a hybrid of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, has been shown to reduce cognitive decline and dementia occurrence. Aim In the current cross-sectional study the effect of the MIND diet in elderly Greek individuals, assessed for cognitive decline, was investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated the MIND diet score's factor structure in relation to the ability to distinguish the Greek elderly population diagnosed with or without dementia. Methods One hundred fifteen participants recently diagnosed with dementia and 52 cognitively healthy controls, after proper neuropsychological testing by neurologists, were included. To ensure the variance-covariance of matrix for the CFA, a second reference group of 36 participants who self-reported as healthy in terms of cognitive status from the general Greek population, was included. Demographic, anthropometric characteristics, emotional status, cognitive function, and dementia diagnosis were recorded. A prediction model investigated the MIND diet's components to separate the study participants according to their cognitive health. CFA was used to examine if the structure of the MIND diet tool scale was a proper model fit or if a different model more appropriately fit our sample data. Results and discussion The CFA conducted, suggested that the 9 components MIND diet score supported our sample data better than the original 15-item MIND diet. Conclusion The MIND diets' components must be considered in relevance to the dietary habits and cultural background of the respective population studied. Future studies should evaluate prospectively the effect of MIND-9 on preventing the onset of dementia in Greek adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lemonica Koumbi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Calliope Karastogiannidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Pop Claudia Felicia
- Department of Nursing “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- *Correspondence: Pop Claudia Felicia
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Alzheimer Association and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Malek Rivan NF, Shahar S, Fakhruddin NNINM, You YX, Che Din N, Rajikan R. The effect of dietary patterns on mild cognitive impairment and dementia incidence among community-dwelling older adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:901750. [PMID: 36003836 PMCID: PMC9395130 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.901750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that dietary patterns have beneficial health effects on cognitive function. However, information on this relationship is presently limited, particularly among older adults. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary patterns on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia incidence among Malaysian community-dwelling older adults. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 280 participants aged 60 years and above were included in the 5-year follow-up analysis. Participants' sociodemographic, medical history, anthropometry, blood pressure, body composition, biochemical indices, cognitive assessments, psychosocial functions, functional status, and dietary intake were obtained. MCI was classified based on Petersen criteria, whereas dementia status was assessed using clinical dementia rating (CDR). Univariate analysis was performed for all variables, followed by multinomial regression analysis to identify the ability of dietary patterns in predicting the incidence of MCI and dementia. After controlling for confounding factors, the findings indicated that "local snacks-fish and seafood-high salt foods" dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of MCI incidence, where the T3 [adjusted OR = 3.943 (95% CI: 1.212-12.832), p = 0.032] had the highest OR compared to T2 [adjusted OR = 3.252 (95% CI: 1.108-9.546), p = 0.023]. Meanwhile, a negative association across the tertiles of tropical fruits-oats dietary pattern and dementia incidence was observed [T2: adjusted OR = 0.152 (95% CI: 0.026-0.871), p = 0.034; T3: Adjusted OR = 0.101 (95% CI: 0.011-0.967), p = 0.047]. In conclusion, specific dietary patterns, particularly "local snacks-fish and seafoods-high salt foods," were shown to increase the risk of MCI, while increasing intakes of "tropical fruits-oats" dietary patterns would protect against the dementia incidence among Malaysian older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Fatin Malek Rivan
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin
- Dietetics Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Xing You
- Dietetics Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslee Rajikan
- Dietetics Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Ylilauri MPT, Hantunen S, Lönnroos E, Salonen JT, Tuomainen TP, Virtanen JK. Associations of dairy, meat, and fish intakes with risk of incident dementia and with cognitive performance: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD). Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2531-2542. [PMID: 35217900 PMCID: PMC9279192 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate if dairy, meat, and fish intakes associate with dementia and cognitive performance. Methods We included 2497 dementia-free men from Eastern Finland, aged 42–60 years in 1984–1989 at the baseline examinations. Data on cognitive tests [Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), trail making test (TMT), verbal fluency test (VFL), selective reminding test (SRT), and Russell’s adaptation of the visual reproduction test (VRT)] at the 4-year re-examinations were available for 482 men and on the ApoE phenotype for 1259 men. Data on dementia events were obtained by linkage to national health registers. Diet was assessed with baseline 4-day food records. Cox regression and analysis of covariance were used for analyses. Results During a mean 22-year follow-up, 337 men had a dementia diagnosis. Among the foods, only cheese intake associated with dementia risk (hazard ratio in the highest vs. the lowest quartile = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.52–0.99, P-trend = 0.05). In the cognitive tests, higher non-fermented dairy and milk intakes associated with worse verbal fluency (VFT). Higher processed red meat intake associated with worse verbal (SRT) and visual memory (VRT), whereas higher unprocessed red meat intake associated with better general cognitive functioning (MMSE) and processing speed and executive functioning (TMT). Higher fish intake associated with better verbal memory (SRT). Among APOE-ε4 carriers, especially non-fermented dairy intake associated with higher risk of dementia outcomes, and higher fish intake indicated better cognitive performance. Conclusion Although higher intake of some food groups associated with cognitive performance, we found little evidence for associations with dementia risk. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02834-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija P T Ylilauri
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eija Lönnroos
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka T Salonen
- MAS-Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Medicine, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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10
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Hoyles L, Pontifex MG, Rodriguez-Ramiro I, Anis-Alavi MA, Jelane KS, Snelling T, Solito E, Fonseca S, Carvalho AL, Carding SR, Müller M, Glen RC, Vauzour D, McArthur S. Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:235. [PMID: 34836554 PMCID: PMC8626999 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is primarily mediated via soluble microbe-derived metabolites, but the details of this pathway remain poorly defined. Methylamines produced by microbial metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine have received attention due to their proposed association with vascular disease, but their effects upon the cerebrovascular circulation have hitherto not been studied. RESULTS Here, we use an integrated in vitro/in vivo approach to show that physiologically relevant concentrations of the dietary methylamine trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and protected it from inflammatory insult, acting through the tight junction regulator annexin A1. In contrast, the TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) impaired BBB function and disrupted tight junction integrity. Moreover, we show that long-term exposure to TMAO protects murine cognitive function from inflammatory challenge, acting to limit astrocyte and microglial reactivity in a brain region-specific manner. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the mechanisms through which microbiome-associated methylamines directly interact with the mammalian BBB, with consequences for cerebrovascular and cognitive function. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | - Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Metabolic Syndrome Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Food, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Areeb Anis-Alavi
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Khadija S Jelane
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tom Snelling
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Dipartimento di Medicina molecolare e Biotecnologie mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Fonseca
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana L Carvalho
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert C Glen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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11
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Kosti RI, Kasdagli MI, Kyrozis A, Orsini N, Lagiou P, Taiganidou F, Naska A. Fish intake, n-3 fatty acid body status, and risk of cognitive decline: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of observational and experimental studies. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1445-1458. [PMID: 34605891 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing supplementation with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids have failed to provide evidence supporting a suggested inverse association between fish intake and dementia risk. OBJECTIVE Dose-response analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between fish intake, all-cause dementia or Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and the effect of EPA/DHA supplementation on cognitive performance. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for original research evaluating either associations between fish intake and dementia or AD, or the impact of EPA and/or DHA supplementation on the risk of cognitive decline. DATA EXTRACTION Data were collected on study characteristics and methods; number of cases/deaths (for observational studies); categories of exposure; model covariates; risk estimates from the most-adjusted model; type and dosage of supplementation (from RCTs); fatty acid levels in blood; and differences in cognition test results before and after supplementation. Risk of bias was assessed through the ROBINS-E and RoB2.0 tools for observational and experimental studies, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS Weighted mixed-effects models were applied, allowing for the inclusion of studies with 2 levels of exposure. Based on findings with low/moderate risk of bias, fish intake of up to 2 portions (250 g) per week was associated with a 10% reduction (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79, 1.02, Ν = 5) in all-cause dementia and a 30% reduction (95% CI: 0.54, 0.89, Ν = 3) in AD risk. Changes in EPA and DHA body status had a positive impact on participants' executive functions, but not on their overall cognitive performance. CONCLUSION The protection offered by fish intake against cognitive decline levels off at intakes higher than 2 portions/week and likely relates to the impact of EPA and DHA on the individual's executive functions, although there remain questions about the mechanisms linking the short- and long-term effects. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019139528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Maria I Kasdagli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Kyrozis
- 1st Neurology Clinic, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fani Taiganidou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Nozaki S, Sawada N, Matsuoka YJ, Shikimoto R, Mimura M, Tsugane S. Association Between Dietary Fish and PUFA Intake in Midlife and Dementia in Later Life: The JPHC Saku Mental Health Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1091-1104. [PMID: 33386799 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between midlife dietary habits and risk of dementia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dietary fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption in midlife and risk of dementia in later life. METHODS This population-based cohort study assessed food frequency (average intake in 1995 and 2000) and cognition (2014-2015) in 1,127 participants (aged 45-64 in 1995). We used logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnoses for consumption quartiles of fish, PUFA-rich fish, total n-3 PUFAs, total n-6 PUFAs, types of PUFAs, and n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio. Estimated ORs were adjusted for age; sex; education; smoking status; alcohol consumption frequency; physical activity; histories of cancer, myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus; and depression. RESULTS Significantly reduced risks of dementia over non-dementia (MCI plus cognitively normal) were observed in the second (OR = 0.43 (95% CI = 0.20-0.93)), third (OR = 0.22 (95% CI = 0.09-0.54)), and highest quartiles (OR = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.18-0.86)) for fish; the third (OR = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.16-0.92)) and highest quartiles (OR = 0.44 (95% CI = 0.19-0.98)) for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); the second (OR = 0.39 (95% CI = 0.18-0.84)), third (OR = 0.30 (95% CI = 0.13-0.70)), and highest quartiles (OR = 0.28 (95% CI = 0.12-0.66)) for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); and the third (OR = 0.36 (95% CI = 0.16-0.85)) and highest quartiles (OR = 0.42 (95% CI = 0.19-0.95)) for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). CONCLUSION High intake of fish in midlife might aid in preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Nozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Midori-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka J Matsuoka
- Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shikimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center Japan, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Dietary Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Cognition and Inflammation. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 9:264-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Barbaresko J, Lellmann AW, Schmidt A, Lehmann A, Amini AM, Egert S, Schlesinger S, Nöthlings U. Dietary Factors and Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1161-1173. [PMID: 32427314 PMCID: PMC7490166 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has been hypothesized to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. The aim was to conduct an umbrella review to summarize and evaluate the current evidence of prospective associations between any dietary factors and the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library up to November 2019 to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prospective studies investigating the association between dietary factors (dietary patterns, foods and beverages, nutrients, and phytochemicals) and neurodegenerative disorders (cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, all-cause dementia, and Parkinson disease). Summary risk ratios (SRRs) and 95% CIs were recalculated using a random effects model. We evaluated the risk of bias of identified meta-analyses and the quality of evidence for all associations. In total, 20 meta-analyses including 98 SRRs were identified. All original meta-analyses were rated as being at high risk of bias. Methodological concerns related mainly to the inappropriate synthesis, assessment, and discussion of the risk of bias of primary studies. For the recalculated meta-analyses, quality of evidence was moderate for inverse associations between higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (SRR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.82; n = 4 primary studies) and higher fish intake (SRR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.89; n = 6) and Alzheimer disease, as well as for tea consumption and all-cause dementia (SRR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.88; n = 2) and Parkinson disease (SRR per 2 cups/d: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87; n = 5). This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on dietary factors and neurodegenerative disorders. The results indicate that the Mediterranean diet, fish, and tea could be inversely associated with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the quality of evidence was generally low, suggesting that further studies are likely to change the overall estimates. Thus, more well-conducted research, also investigating other dietary factors in association with neurodegenerative disorders, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janett Barbaresko
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Address correspondence to JB (e-mail: )
| | - Arno Werner Lellmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Egert
- German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Keenan TD, Agrón E, Mares JA, Clemons TE, van Asten F, Swaroop A, Chew EY. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 & 2. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:831-842. [PMID: 32285590 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to determine whether closer adherence to the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED) was associated with altered cognitive function. METHODS Observational analyses of participants (n = 7,756) enrolled in two randomized trials of nutritional supplements for age-related macular degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2. RESULTS Odds ratios for cognitive impairment, in aMED tertile 3 (vs 1), were 0.36 (P = .0001) for Modified Mini-Mental State (<80) and 0.56 (P = .001) for composite score in AREDS, and 0.56 for Telephone Interview Cognitive Status-Modified (<30) and 0.48 for composite score (each P < .0001) in AREDS2. Fish intake was associated with higher cognitive function. In AREDS2, rate of cognitive decline over 5 to 10 years was not significantly different by aMED but was significantly slower (P = .019) with higher fish intake. DISCUSSION Closer Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment but not slower decline in cognitive function. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype did not influence these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarnán D Keenan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elvira Agrón
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Freekje van Asten
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Kokubun K, Nemoto K, Yamakawa Y. Fish Intake May Affect Brain Structure and Improve Cognitive Ability in Healthy People. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:76. [PMID: 32265686 PMCID: PMC7103640 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages worldwide, the prevalence of cognitive disorders including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is increasing. MCI appears in 10–20% of adults aged 65 years and older and is generally referred to as an intermediate stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia. To develop timely prevention and early treatment strategies by identifying biological factors, we investigated the relationship between dietary consumption of fish, brain structure, and MCI in cognitively normal subjects. The brain structure was assessed using neuroimaging-derived measures including the “gray-matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ)” and “fractional-anisotropy brain healthcare quotient (FA-BHQ),” which are approved as the international standard (H.861.1) by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector. Dietary consumption of fish was calculated using the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), and MCI was assessed using the Memory Performance Index (MPI) of MCI screening method (MCI Screen). This study showed that fish intake was positively associated with both FA-BHQ and MPI, and FA-BHQ was more strongly associated with MPI than fish intake. Our findings are in line with those in previous studies, but our study further indicates that the condition of the whole brain integrity measured by the FA-BHQ may mediate the relationship between fish intake and MCI prevention in healthy people. In other words, FA-BHQ may be used to identify people at high risk of MCI to provide the appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Office for Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,NTT Data Institute of Management Consulting, Inc., Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Abstract
We gathered some theoretic and practical concepts related to the importance of nutrition in the prevention and management of Alzheimer disease (AD). Besides the role of nutrients in brain development and functioning, some nutrients exert special control in the development of AD, due to their participation in neurotransmitter synthesis, their modulation in epigenetics mechanisms, and as antioxidants. In addition, some non-nutrient food-derived substances have shown potential in the control of neuroinflammation and consequently in the prevention of AD. Finally, it is important to be aware of the nutritional status and food intake patterns of the patient with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Steffany Muñoz Fernández
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo CEP - 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro
- School of Public Health and School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo CEP - 01246-904, Brazil and Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000 CEP 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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