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Cristani M, Micale N. Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants as Potential Adjuvants in the Treatment of Mild Acne Vulgaris. Molecules 2024; 29:2394. [PMID: 38792254 PMCID: PMC11124055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of medicinal plants and phytochemicals as potential treatments for acne vulgaris. This condition, characterized by chronic inflammation, predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Conventional treatment typically targets the key factors contributing to its development: the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes and the associated inflammation. However, these treatments often involve the use of potent drugs. As a result, the exploration of herbal medicine as a complementary approach has emerged as a promising strategy. By harnessing the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants and phytochemicals, it may be possible to address acne vulgaris while minimizing the reliance on strong drugs. This approach not only offers potential benefits for individuals seeking alternative treatments but also underscores the importance of natural remedies of plant origin in dermatological care. The primary aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of plants and their phytochemical constituents in the management of mild acne vulgaris. A comprehensive search of scientific databases was conducted from 2018 to September 2023. The findings of this review suggest that medicinal plants and their phytochemical components hold promise as treatments for mild acne vulgaris. However, it is crucial to note that further research employing high-quality evidence and standardized methodologies is essential to substantiate their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Micale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy;
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2
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Zigová M, Michalková R, Mojžiš J. Anticancer Potential of Indole Phytoalexins and Their Analogues. Molecules 2024; 29:2388. [PMID: 38792249 PMCID: PMC11124384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Indole phytoalexins, found in economically significant Cruciferae family plants, are synthesized in response to pathogen attacks or stress, serving as crucial components of plant defense mechanisms against bacterial and fungal infections. Furthermore, recent research indicates that these compounds hold promise for improving human health, particularly in terms of potential anticancer effects that have been observed in various studies. Since our last comprehensive overview in 2016 focusing on the antiproliferative effects of these substances, brassinin and camalexin have been the most extensively studied. This review analyses the multifaceted pharmacological effects of brassinin and camalexin, highlighting their anticancer potential. In this article, we also provide an overview of the antiproliferative activity of new synthetic analogs of indole phytoalexins, which were synthesized and tested at our university with the aim of enhancing efficacy compared to the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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3
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Brassinin Abundant in Brassicaceae Suppresses Melanogenesis through Dual Mechanisms of Tyrosinase Inhibition. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010121. [PMID: 36613338 PMCID: PMC9818315 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinin is a phytoalexin abundant in plants, especially in cabbage, and has been reported to act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent. However, limited studies are available to elucidate the functionalities of brassinin. Here, we tested the effects of brassinin on melanogenesis using cell-free and cell-based biochemical analysis and docking simulation. Cell-free experiments exhibited that brassinin has antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. When applied to B16F10 cells stimulated with a melanogenesis inducer α-MSH, brassinin pretreatment significantly reduced melanin accumulation and cellular tyrosinase activity. Docking simulation indicates that the docking score of brassinin to the binding pocket of tyrosinase is better than that of kojic acid or arbutin, anti-melanogenic positive controls, indicating that brassinin inhibits melanogenesis at least partially by binding to and inactivating tyrosinase. In addition, qPCR results showed that brassinin reduced tyrosinase mRNA levels. Together, these results suggest that brassinin exerts anti-melanogenesis effects by inhibiting both the activity and mRNA expression levels of tyrosinase. Therefore, our study showed that brassinin has the potential to be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic products for depigmentation.
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4
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Lee MK, Hwang YH, Ryu H, Lee A, Jeong HH, Baek J, Kim MJ, Lee JY, Van JY, Liu Y, Choi CW, Kim MS, Lee B. Galla rhois water extract inhibits enzymatic browning in apple juice partly by binding to and inactivating polyphenol oxidase. Food Chem 2022; 383:132277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Kim JH, Kim TI, Ma JY. Synergistic effects of novel herbal decoctions from Panax ginseng and Morus alba on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in vitro. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08866. [PMID: 35198755 PMCID: PMC8850658 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants such as a Panax ginseng and Morus alba (mulberry tree) have been widely used as depigmenting agents in Asia. To maximize their synergistic effects on melanogenesis, new herbal decoctions were created by mixing Ginseng Radix Alba (GR) and Mori Radicis Cortex (MC) at a ratio of 3:2 which called GMC decoction. A decoction of GR and Mori Ramulus (MR), which called GMR, was also formulated in order to compare the anti-melanogenic capacity. Combined decoctions, GMC and GMR, significantly decreased mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro; however, single extracts, including MC and MR, showed weaker inhibitory activity. Melanin content assay and Fontana–Masson staining confirmed that two decoctions showed stronger inhibitory effects on the forskolin-induced melanin level in B16 cells, without cytotoxicity. Our findings suggest that ginseng in combination with mulberry tree enhances the anti-melanogenic effect in vitro.
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6
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Hwang T, Lee HJ, Park WS, Kang DM, Ahn MJ, Yoon H, Yoo JC, Moon DK, Woo DK. Catechin-7- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside can reduce α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells through competitive inhibition of tyrosinase. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1131-1137. [PMID: 35919819 PMCID: PMC9339418 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.72241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanogenesis is a defense mechanism against ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage, abnormally excessive melanin production causes pigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase, as a key factor for melanin synthesis, plays an important role in inducing skin pigmentation. Therefore, the inhibition of tyrosinase is crucial in preventing skin pigmentation in the cosmetics and medicine fields. However, the majority of well-known tyrosinase inhibitors have been discontinued due to toxic effects on the skin or lack of selectivity and/or stability. In this study, we evaluated possible anti-melanogenic effects of catechin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C7R) isolated from the stem bark of Ulmus parvifolia, to discover a new tyrosinase inhibitor that has both safety and stability. When C7R was pretreated in B16F10 melanoma cells stimulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, this compound reduced melanin accumulation and murine tyrosinase activity. In line with these results, C7R inhibits tyrosinase purified from a mushroom in vitro like kojic acid and arbutin. Furthermore, C7R exhibited a competitive inhibition on a Lineweaver-Burk plot. Next, the underlying mechanisms of the C7R-mediated tyrosinase inhibitory effect were sought through docking simulation and pharmacophore analysis between tyrosinase residues and C7R. The results of these analyses showed that C7R had binding energy of -14.5kcal/mol, and indicated that C7R interacts with tyrosinase through an aromatic ring and various hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. Together, our results suggest that C7R can be applied as a novel natural anti-melanogenic agent that inhibits tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeok Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.,Axigen Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonok Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheal Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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7
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Insights on the Inhibitory Power of Flavonoids on Tyrosinase Activity: A Survey from 2016 to 2021. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247546. [PMID: 34946631 PMCID: PMC8705159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase enzyme that initiates melanin synthesis in humans. Excessive accumulation of melanin pigments or the overexpression of tyrosinase may result in skin-related disorders such as aging spots, wrinkles, melasma, freckles, lentigo, ephelides, nevus, browning and melanoma. Nature expresses itself through the plants as a source of phytochemicals with diverse biological properties. Among these bioactive compounds, flavonoids represent a huge natural class with different categories such as flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones and chalcones that display antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities with a diversity of mechanistic approaches. In this review, we explore the role of novel or known flavonoids isolated from different plant species and their participation as tyrosinase inhibitors reported in the last five years from 2016 to 2021. We also discuss the mechanistic approaches through the different studies carried out on these compounds, including in vitro, in vivo and in silico computational research. Information was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. We hope that the updated comprehensive data presented in this review will help researchers to develop new safe, efficacious, and effective drug or skin care products for the prevention of and/or protection against skin-aging disorders.
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8
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Choi I, Park Y, Ryu IY, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi H, Park C, Kang D, Lee S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Moon HR. In silico and in vitro insights into tyrosinase inhibitors with a 2-thioxooxazoline-4-one template. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:37-50. [PMID: 33363708 PMCID: PMC7753086 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold confers tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and in the present study, 16 (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxooxazolidin-4-one analogues containing this scaffold were synthesized. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities were examined. Compound 1c (IC50 = 4.70 ± 0.40 μM) and compound 1j (IC50 = 11.18 ± 0.54 μM) inhibited tyrosinase by 4.9 and 2.1-fold, respectively, and did so more potently than kojic acid (IC50 = 23.18 ± 0.11 μM). Kinetic analysis of tyrosinase inhibition revealed that 1c and 1j inhibited tyrosinase competitively. Results of docking simulation with mushroom tyrosinase using four docking programs suggested that 1c and 1j bind more strongly than kojic acid to the active site of tyrosinase and supported kinetic findings that both compounds are competitive inhibitors. The docking results of human tyrosinase homology model indicated that 1c and 1j can also strongly inhibit human tyrosinase. EZ-cytox assays revealed 1c and 1j were not cytotoxic to B16F10 melanoma cells. The effects of 1c and 1j on cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production were also investigated in α-MSH- and IBMX-co-stimulated these cells. Both compounds significantly and dose-dependently reduced tyrosinase activity, and at 10 µM were more potent than kojic acid at 20 µM. Compounds 1c and 1j also inhibited melanogenesis, which suggested that the inhibitory effects of these compounds on melanin production were mainly attributable to their inhibitions of tyrosinase. These results indicate that compounds 1c and 1j with the PUSC scaffold have potential use as whitening agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
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Moon KM, Lee B, Kim DH, Chung HY. FoxO6 inhibits melanogenesis partly by elevating intracellular antioxidant capacity. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101624. [PMID: 32863230 PMCID: PMC7338776 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the various transcription factors that play a role in controlling oxidative stress, the role of FoxO proteins in skin aging has recently become of interest. Unlike other FoxOs, FoxO6 remains in the nucleus due to the lack of nuclear export signal, so that it may respond sensitively to intracellular stimuli for the induction of target genes. However, the role of FoxO6 in melanogenesis and its related signaling pathways are unclear. We used UV exposed and intrinsically aged mice that exhibited skin aging. Our data showed that FoxO6 activation was markedly decreased in the skin of aging mice and UVB-exposed hairless mice that exhibited an increase in melanogenesis. The reduced FoxO6 activity was closely associated with the elevation of oxidative stress in the skin of these animal models. To our interest, siRNA-mediated FoxO6 knockdown markedly increased melanin content and related signaling pathways in B16F10 cells even without any stimulation. On the contrary, adenovirus-mediated FoxO6 activation significantly reduced melanin content in UVB-exposed B16F10 cells, which is closely associated with the induction of antioxidant genes including MnSOD and catalase, leading to a decrease in oxidative stress. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment reversed the elevated melanogenesis by the FoxO6 knockdown, indicating that the decreased antioxidant capacity greatly contributes to increased melanogenesis in the FoxO6 knockdown condition. For the upstream of a FoxO6 signaling pathway in melanocytes, FoxO6 phosphorylation by Akt appears to be essential evidenced by the reduction of FoxO6 activity and the increase in melanogenesis by PI3K/AKT inhibitor treatment. Our study suggests that FoxO6 is an antioxidant gene that prevents oxidative stress-induced melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Moon
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Moon KM, Kwon EB, Lee B, Kim CY. Recent Trends in Controlling the Enzymatic Browning of Fruit and Vegetable Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122754. [PMID: 32549214 PMCID: PMC7355983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic browning because of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) contributes to the color quality of fruit and vegetable (FV) products. Physical and chemical methods have been developed to inhibit the activity of PPOs, and several synthetic chemical compounds are commonly being used as PPO inhibitors in FV products. Recently, there has been an emphasis on consumer-oriented innovations in the food industry. Consumers tend to urge the use of natural and environment-friendly PPO inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying the anti-browning action of chemical PPO inhibitors and current trends in the research on these inhibitors. Based on their mechanisms of action, chemical inhibitors can be categorized as antioxidants, reducing agents, chelating agents, acidulants, and/or mixed-type PPO inhibitors. Here, we focused on the food ingredients, dietary components, food by-products, and waste associated with anti-browning activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;
| | - Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Deagu 701-300, Korea;
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon Dong, Busan 608737, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5852 (B.L.); +82-53-810-2871 (C.Y.K.)
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (C.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-629-5852 (B.L.); +82-53-810-2871 (C.Y.K.)
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11
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Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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12
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Vittorio S, Seidel T, Germanò MP, Gitto R, Ielo L, Garon A, Rapisarda A, Pace V, Langer T, De Luca L. A Combination of Pharmacophore and Docking-based Virtual Screening to Discover new Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2019; 39:e1900054. [PMID: 31508903 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanogenesis controls the formation of melanin pigment whose overproduction is related to various hyperpigmentary disorders in humans. Tyrosinase is a type-3 copper enzyme involved in the rate limiting step of melanin synthesis, therefore its inhibition could represent an efficient way for the development of depigmenting agents. In this work, a combination of pharmacophore and docking-based studies has been employed to screen two in-house 3D compound databases containing about 2,000 molecules from natural and synthetic sources. As result we selected two "hit compounds" which proved to inhibit tyrosinase activity showing IC50 values in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vittorio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Garon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Purification, characterization and tyrosinase inhibition activity of polysaccharides from chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) kernel. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:309-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Spinosin is a flavonoid in the seed of Ziziphus jujuba that prevents skin pigmentation in a human skin model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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15
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Mi Moon K, Young Kim C, Yeul Ma J, Lee B. Xanthone-related compounds as an anti-browning and antioxidant food additive. Food Chem 2019; 274:345-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Moon KM, Lee B, Cho WK, Lee BS, Kim CY, Ma JY. Swertiajaponin as an anti-browning and antioxidant flavonoid. Food Chem 2018; 252:207-214. [PMID: 29478533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic browning is a major issue that needs to be solved in the food industry. Although swertiajaponin is a flavonoid rich in the whole herb of Swertia japonica that has been clinically used, its biological functions and application in the foods have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that swertiajaponin efficiently blocked enzymatic browning in potatoes possibly by direct binding to and inactivating polyphenol oxidase. Furthermore, swertiajaponin showed potent antioxidant activity proven by markedly suppressed reactive oxygen species. Swertiajaponin significantly increased antioxidant properties of potato extract when it is added since it additively elevated total flavonoid content. Considering numerous beneficial effects of antioxidants, swertiajaponin may be used as a functional food additive to suppress enzymatic browning and elevate the antioxidant capacity of foods including beverages and soups by fortification of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Moon
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seon Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
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