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Hillman T. The application of plant-exosome-like nanovesicles as improved drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:136. [PMID: 38683256 PMCID: PMC11058161 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of cancer immunotherapeutics is currently increasing. Cancer vaccines, as a form of immunotherapy, are gaining much attention in the medical community since specific tumor-antigens can activate immune cells to induce an anti-tumor immune response. However, the delivery of cancer vaccines presents many issues for research scientists when designing cancer treatments and requires further investigation. Nanoparticles, synthetic liposomes, bacterial vectors, viral particles, and mammalian exosomes have delivered cancer vaccines. In contrast, the use of many of these nanotechnologies produces many issues of cytotoxicity, immunogenicity, and rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Plant-exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNVs) can provide solutions for many of these challenges because they are innocuous and nonimmunogenic when delivering nanomedicines. Hence, this review will describe the potential use of PELNVs to deliver cancer vaccines. In this review, different approaches of cancer vaccine delivery will be detailed, the mechanism of oral vaccination for delivering cancer vaccines will be described, and the review will discuss the use of PELNVs as improved drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines via oral administration while also addressing the subsequent challenges for advancing their usage into the clinical setting.
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Andre M, Caobi A, Miles JS, Vashist A, Ruiz MA, Raymond AD. Diagnostic potential of exosomal extracellular vesicles in oncology. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:322. [PMID: 38454346 PMCID: PMC10921614 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy can detect circulating cancer cells or tumor cell-derived DNA at various stages of cancer. The fluid from these biopsies contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, exomeres, and exosomes. Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) that can modify the microenvironment and promote cancer progression, playing significant roles in cancer pathology. Clinically, the proteins and nucleic acids within the exosomes from liquid biopsies can be biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancer. We review EVs protein and miRNA biomarkers identified for select cancers, specifically melanoma, glioma, breast, pancreatic, hepatic, cervical, prostate colon, and some hematological malignancies. Overall, this review demonstrates that EV biomolecules have great potential to expand the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers used in Oncology; ultimately, EVs could lead to earlier detection and novel therapeutic targets. Clinical implicationsEVs represent a new paradigm in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The potential use of exosomal contents as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic indicators may facilitate cancer management. Non-invasive liquid biopsy is helpful, especially when the tumor is difficult to reach, such as in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, another advantage of using minimally invasive liquid biopsy is that monitoring becomes more manageable. Identifying tumor-derived exosomal proteins and microRNAs would allow a more personalized approach to detecting cancer and improving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickensone Andre
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Allen Caobi
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Jana S Miles
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Arti Vashist
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
| | - Marco A Ruiz
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA
- Medical Oncology, Baptist Health Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, 33176, FL, USA
| | - Andrea D Raymond
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at, Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Florida International University, Miami, 33199, FL, USA.
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Altıntaş Ö, Saylan Y. Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16029-16048. [PMID: 37874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Altıntaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Habib A, Liang Y, Zhu N. Exosomes multifunctional roles in HIV-1: insight into the immune regulation, vaccine development and current progress in delivery system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249133. [PMID: 37965312 PMCID: PMC10642161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is known to establish a persistent latent infection. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can effectively reduce the viral load, but the treatment can be costly and may lead to the development of drug resistance and life-shortening side effects. It is important to develop an ideal and safer in vivo target therapy that will effectively block viral replication and expression in the body. Exosomes have recently emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle due to their low immunogenicity, nanoscale size (30-150nm), high biocompatibility, and stability in the targeted area. Exosomes, which are genetically produced by different types of cells such as dendritic cells, neurons, T and B cells, epithelial cells, tumor cells, and mast cells, are designed for efficient delivery to targeted cells. In this article, we review and highlight recent developments in the strategy and application of exosome-based HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the use of exosome-based antigen delivery systems in vaccine development. HIV-1 antigen can be loaded into exosomes, and this modified cargo can be delivered to target cells or tissues through different loading approaches. This review also discusses the immunological prospects of exosomes and their role as biomarkers in disease progression. However, there are significant administrative and technological obstacles that need to be overcome to fully harness the potential of exosome drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Habib
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulai Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naishuo Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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J Saadh M, Abedi Kiasari B, Shahrtash SA, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Chaitanya M, Cotrina-Aliaga JC, Kadham MJ, Sârbu I, Akhavan-Sigari R. Exosomal non-coding RNAs' role in immune regulation and potential therapeutic applications. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154522. [PMID: 37201467 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are now significant players in both healthy and unhealthy cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes can mediate immune activation or immunosuppression, which can influence the growth of tumors. Exosomes affect the immune responses to malignancies in various ways by interacting with tumor cells and the environment around them. Exosomes made by immune cells can control the growth, metastasis, and even chemosensitivity of tumor cells. In contrast, exosomes produced by cancer cells can encourage immune responses that support the tumor. Exosomes carry circular RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs), all involved in cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we focus on the most recent findings concerning the role of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in immune modulation and the potential therapeutic implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shahrtash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely professional university Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | | | | | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery - Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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Ahluwalia MS, Reardon DA, Abad AP, Curry WT, Wong ET, Figel SA, Mechtler LL, Peereboom DM, Hutson AD, Withers HG, Liu S, Belal AN, Qiu J, Mogensen KM, Dharma SS, Dhawan A, Birkemeier MT, Casucci DM, Ciesielski MJ, Fenstermaker RA. Phase IIa Study of SurVaxM Plus Adjuvant Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1453-1465. [PMID: 36521103 PMCID: PMC9995096 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite intensive treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields, mortality of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM) remains very high. SurVaxM is a peptide vaccine conjugate that has been shown to activate the immune system against its target molecule survivin, which is highly expressed by glioblastoma cells. We conducted a phase IIa, open-label, multicenter trial evaluating the safety, immunologic effects, and survival of patients with nGBM receiving SurVaxM plus adjuvant TMZ following surgery and chemoradiation (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02455557). METHODS Sixty-four patients with resected nGBM were enrolled including 38 men and 26 women, in the age range of 20-82 years. Following craniotomy and fractionated radiation therapy with concurrent TMZ, patients received four doses of SurVaxM (500 μg once every 2 weeks) in Montanide ISA-51 plus sargramostim (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) subcutaneously. Patients subsequently received adjuvant TMZ and maintenance SurVaxM concurrently until progression. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were reported. Immunologic responses to SurVaxM were assessed. RESULTS SurVaxM plus TMZ was well tolerated with no serious adverse events attributable to SurVaxM. Of the 63 patients who were evaluable for outcome, 60 (95.2%) remained progression-free 6 months after diagnosis (prespecified primary end point). Median PFS was 11.4 months and median OS was 25.9 months measured from first dose of SurVaxM. SurVaxM produced survivin-specific CD8+ T cells and antibody/immunoglobulin G titers. Apparent clinical benefit of SurVaxM was observed in both methylated and unmethylated patients. CONCLUSION SurVaxM appeared to be safe and well tolerated. The combination represents a promising therapy for nGBM. For patients with nGBM treated in this manner, PFS may be an acceptable surrogate for OS. A large randomized clinical trial of SurVaxM for nGBM is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Reardon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ajay P. Abad
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - William T. Curry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric T. Wong
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sheila A. Figel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
| | - Laszlo L. Mechtler
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Alan D. Hutson
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Henry G. Withers
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Song Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ahmed N. Belal
- Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kathleen M. Mogensen
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sanam S. Dharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Andrew Dhawan
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Danielle M. Casucci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael J. Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
| | - Robert A. Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
- MimiVax LLC, Buffalo, NY
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Potential Role of Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Immunotherapy. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122104. [PMID: 36556468 PMCID: PMC9781579 DOI: 10.3390/life12122104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer, of which non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents about 80% of all cases, is the second most common cancer diagnosed in the general population and one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Overall, the outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC are still disappointing despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. In recent years immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy, have revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, until now, tissue expression of PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden represent the only available biomarkers for NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. A growing body of evidence showed that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have the PD-L1 protein on their surface and that they are involved in angiogenesis, tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and immune escape. This review focused on the potential clinical applications of TDEs in NSCLC, including their possible role as a biomarker for prognosis and disease monitoring in patients undergoing immunotherapy.
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Batool SM, Hsia T, Khanna SK, Gamblin AS, Rosenfeld Y, You DG, Carter BS, Balaj L. Decoding vesicle-based precision oncology in gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:ii53-ii60. [PMID: 36380860 PMCID: PMC9650467 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a valuable tool in liquid biopsy with tremendous clinical potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of gliomas. Compared to tissue biopsy, EV-based liquid biopsy is a low-cost, minimally invasive method that can provide information on tumor dynamics before, during, and after treatment. Tumor-derived EVs circulating in biofluids carry a complex cargo of molecular biomarkers, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, which can be indicative of tumor growth and progression. Here, we briefly review current commercial and noncommercial methods for the isolation, quantification, and biochemical characterization of plasma EVs from patients with glioma, touching on whole EV analysis, mutation detection techniques, and genomic and proteomic profiling. We review notable advantages and disadvantages of plasma EV isolation and analytical methods, and we conclude with a discussion on clinical translational opportunities and key challenges associated with the future implementation of EV-based liquid biopsy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sirena K Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Austin S Gamblin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yulia Rosenfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Leonora Balaj
- Corresponding Author: Leonora Balaj, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA ()
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9
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Rezaie J, Feghhi M, Etemadi T. A review on exosomes application in clinical trials: perspective, questions, and challenges. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:145. [PMID: 36123730 PMCID: PMC9483361 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are progressively known as significant mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They convey active biomolecules to target cells and have vital functions in several physiological and pathological processes, and show substantial promise as novel treatment strategies for diseases. METHODS In this review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on application of exosomes in different diseases as well as on perspective and challenges in this field. RESULTS The main clinical application of exosomes are using them as a biomarker, cell-free therapeutic agents, drug delivery carriers, basic analysis for exosome kinetics, and cancer vaccine. Different exosomes from human or plant sources are utilized in various clinical trials. Most researchers used exosomes from the circulatory system for biomarker experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are two widely held cell sources for exosome use. MSCs-derived exosomes are commonly used for inflammation treatment and drug delivery, while DCs-exosomes are used to induce inflammation response in cancer patients. However, the clinical application of exosomes faces various questions and challenges. In addition, translation of exosome-based clinical trials is required to conform to specific good manufacturing practices (GMP). In this review, we summarize exosomes in the clinical trials according to the type of application and disease. We also address the main questions and challenges regarding exosome kinetics and clinical applications. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes are promising platforms for treatment of many diseases in clinical trials. This exciting field is developing hastily, understanding of the underlying mechanisms that direct the various observed roles of exosomes remains far from complete and needs further multidisciplinary research in working with these small vesicles. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd., P.O. BoX: 1138, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
| | - Maryam Feghhi
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Florida, USA
| | - Tahereh Etemadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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Lucotti S, Kenific CM, Zhang H, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109288. [PMID: 36052513 PMCID: PMC9475536 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a heterogeneous class of secreted messengers that carry bioactive molecules and that have been shown to be crucial for this cell-cell communication. Here, we highlight the multifaceted roles of EVPs in cancer. Functionally, transfer of EVP cargo between cells influences tumor cell growth and invasion, alters immune cell composition and function, and contributes to stromal cell activation. These EVP-mediated changes impact local tumor progression, foster cultivation of pre-metastatic niches at distant organ-specific sites, and mediate systemic effects of cancer. Furthermore, we discuss how exploiting the highly selective enrichment of molecules within EVPs has profound implications for advancing diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development and for improving therapy delivery in cancer patients. Altogether, these investigations into the role of EVPs in cancer have led to discoveries that hold great promise for improving cancer patient care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Candia M Kenific
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
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Baker A, Khalid M, Uddin I, Khan MS. Targeted non AR mediated smart delivery of abiraterone to the prostate cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272396. [PMID: 36018864 PMCID: PMC9416994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second-deadliest tumor in men all over the world. Different types of drugs with various delivery systems and pathways were developed, but no one showed prominent results against cancer. Meanwhile, nanoparticles have shown good results against cancer. Therefore, in the given study, citrate mediated synthesized gold nanoparticles (CtGNPs) with immobilized survivin antibodies (SvGNPs) were bioconjugated to the substantially potent drug abiraterone (AbSvGNPs) to develop as a combinatorial therapeutic against prostate cancer. The AbSvGNPs are made up of CtGNPs, survivin antibodies, and abiraterone. The selected drug abiraterone (Abira) possesses exceptionally good activity against prostate cancer, but cancer cells develop resistance against this drug and it also poses several severe side effects. Meanwhile, survivin antibodies were used to deliver AbSvGNPs specifically into cancer cells by considering survivin, an anti-apoptotic overexpressed protein in cancer cells, as a marker. The survivin antibodies have also been used to inhibit cancer cells as an immunotherapeutic agent. Similarly, CtGNPs were discovered to inhibit cancer cell proliferation via several transduction pathways. The given bioconjugated nanoparticles (AbSvGNPs) were found to be substantially effective against prostate cancer with an IC50 of 11.8 and 7.3 μM against DU145 and PC-3 cells, respectively. However, it was found safe against NRK and showed less than 25% cytotoxicity up to 20μM concentration. The as-synthesized nanoparticles CtGNPs, SvGNPs, and AbSvGNPs were characterized by several physical techniques to confirm their synthesis, whereas the immobilization of survivin antibodies and bioconjugation of Abira was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, FTIR, and zeta-potential. The anticancer potential of AbSvGNPs was determined by MTT, DAPI, ROS, MITO, TUNEL ASSAY, and caspase-3 activity against DU145 and PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abduaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Uddin
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail: ,
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12
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Nigri J, Leca J, Tubiana SS, Finetti P, Guillaumond F, Martinez S, Lac S, Iovanna JL, Audebert S, Camoin L, Vasseur S, Bertucci F, Tomasini R. CD9 mediates the uptake of extracellular vesicles from cancer-associated fibroblasts that promote pancreatic cancer cell aggressiveness. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg8191. [PMID: 35917363 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg8191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), signaling from stromal cells is implicated in metastatic progression. Tumor-stroma cross-talk is often mediated through extracellular vesicles (EVs). We previously reported that EVs derived from cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts (CAFs) that are abundant in annexin A6 (ANXA6+ EVs) support tumor cell aggressiveness in PDAC. Here, we found that the cell surface glycoprotein and tetraspanin CD9 is a key component of CAF-derived ANXA6+ EVs for mediating this cross-talk. CD9 was abundant on the surface of ANXA6+ CAFs isolated from patient PDAC samples and from various mouse models of PDAC. CD9 colocalized with CAF markers in the tumor stroma, and CD9 abundance correlated with tumor stage. Blocking CD9 impaired the uptake of ANXA6+ EVs into cultured PDAC cells. Signaling pathway arrays and further analyses revealed that the uptake of CD9+ANXA6+ EVs induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activity, cell migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Blocking either CD9 or p38 MAPK signaling impaired CD9+ANXA6+ EV-induced cell migration and EMT in PDAC cells. Analysis of bioinformatic datasets indicated that CD9 abundance was an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Our findings suggest that CD9-mediated stromal cell signaling promotes PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Nigri
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Leca
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah-Simha Tubiana
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Martinez
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Lac
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Juan L Iovanna
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- INSERM, U1068, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, University Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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13
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AR independent anticancer potential of enza against prostate cancer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Lechpammer M, Rao R, Shah S, Mirheydari M, Bhattacharya D, Koehler A, Toukam DK, Haworth KJ, Pomeranz Krummel D, Sengupta S. Advances in Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Adult Glioblastoma: Overcoming Chemical and Physical Barriers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071627. [PMID: 35406398 PMCID: PMC8997081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poor prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) despite the existence of a standard-of-care treatment of resection, radiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy has necessitated the exploration of other therapeutic avenues. One particularly promising avenue is an immunotherapeutic approach in which the body′s immune system is artificially stimulated to directly identify and attack the tumor cells. A variety of methods including immune checkpoint inhibition, T-cell transfer, vaccination, and a viral approach are being developed for GBM. Barriers such as tumor heterogeneity, the physical blood–brain barrier, the immunosuppressive nature of GBM, and the limited number of identifiable GBM-specific targets have reduced the efficacy of the aforementioned approaches. In the following review, we document the advances in immunotherapy, the barriers to implementation, and the development of a new technology (microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound) to overcome the physical barriers to immunotherapy. Abstract Glioblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO Grade IV), is a highly aggressive adult glioma. Despite extensive efforts to improve treatment, the current standard-of-care (SOC) regimen, which consists of maximal resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ), achieves only a 12–15 month survival. The clinical improvements achieved through immunotherapy in several extracranial solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, inspired investigations to pursue various immunotherapeutic interventions in adult glioblastoma patients. Despite some encouraging reports from preclinical and early-stage clinical trials, none of the tested agents have been convincing in Phase III clinical trials. One, but not the only, factor that is accountable for the slow progress is the blood–brain barrier, which prevents most antitumor drugs from reaching the target in appreciable amounts. Herein, we review the current state of immunotherapy in glioblastoma and discuss the significant challenges that prevent advancement. We also provide thoughts on steps that may be taken to remediate these challenges, including the application of ultrasound technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Lechpammer
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rohan Rao
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Sanjit Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Mona Mirheydari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.M.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Donatien Kamdem Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Kevin J. Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (M.M.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (R.R.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (D.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.K.); (S.S.)
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15
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Lee YJ, Seo CW, Lee D, Choi D. Proteomics of Extracellular Vesicle in Glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2022; 10:207-214. [DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chul Won Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Donghyeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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16
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Soltész B, Buglyó G, Németh N, Szilágyi M, Pös O, Szemes T, Balogh I, Nagy B. The Role of Exosomes in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010008. [PMID: 35008434 PMCID: PMC8744561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection, characterization and monitoring of cancer are possible by using extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from non-invasively obtained liquid biopsy samples. They play a role in intercellular communication contributing to cell growth, differentiation and survival, thereby affecting the formation of tumor microenvironments and causing metastases. EVs were discovered more than seventy years ago. They have been tested recently as tools of drug delivery to treat cancer. Here we give a brief review on extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Exosomes play an important role by carrying extracellular nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) in cell-to-cell communication causing tumor and metastasis development. We discuss the role of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of cancer and their practical application in the early diagnosis, follow up, and next-generation treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (N.N.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52416531
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (N.N.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Nikolett Németh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (N.N.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Melinda Szilágyi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (N.N.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (B.N.)
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (T.S.)
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (T.S.)
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (N.N.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (B.N.)
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.B.); (N.N.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (B.N.)
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17
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Current landscape of tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs in glioma progression, detection, and drug resistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1145. [PMID: 34887381 PMCID: PMC8660802 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and fatal tumor of the central nervous system in humans. Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic agents, glioma still has a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma is of highly complex heterogeneity, which relies on a network-based communication between glioma cells and other stromal cell types. Exosomes are the most common type of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 40 to 160 nm, and can serve as carriers for proteins, RNAs, and other biologically active molecules. Recent evidence has shown that glioma-derived exosomes (GDEs) can be integrally detected in the local tissue and circulatory blood samples, and also can be transferred to recipient cells to mediate transmission of genetic information. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) mainly including microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, account for a large portion of the human transcriptome. A broad range of ncRNAs encapsulated in GDEs is reported to exert regulatory functions in various pathophysiological processes of glioma. Herein, this review summarizes the latest findings on the fundamental roles of GDE ncRNAs that have been implicated in glioma behaviors, immunological regulation, diagnosis potential, and treatment resistance, as well as the current limitations and perspectives. Undoubtedly, a thorough understanding of this area will provide comprehensive insights into GDE-based clinical applications for combating gliomas.
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18
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Wild type, dEX3 and 2B survivin isoforms localize to the tumor cell plasma membrane, are secreted in exosomes, and interact with extracellular tubulin. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101174. [PMID: 34849411 PMCID: PMC8608592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein survivin (svn) is upregulated in nearly all types of cancer and represents a promising therapeutic target. Localization to specific subcellular compartments and interactions with various binding partners allow survivin to play diverse roles in apoptosis resistance and mitosis. Survivin has recently been found in two extracellular compartments: the outer plasma membrane and secreted exosomes. In addition to svn-wt, splice variants svn-dEX3 and svn-2B are also overexpressed in human tumors. Here we show that, similarly to svn-wt, svn-dEX3 and svn-2B can be displayed on the outer plasma membrane, and secreted in exosomes. Additionally, we have identified a novel interaction of all three forms of survivin with secreted tubulin.
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19
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van Asperen JV, Fedorushkova DM, Robe PAJT, Hol E. Investigation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in body fluids as a potential biomarker for glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2021; 27:1-12. [PMID: 34844498 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid biopsies are promising diagnostic tools for glioma. In this quantitative systematic review, we investigate whether the detection of intermediate filaments (IF) in body fluids can be used as a tool for glioma diagnosis and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included all studies in which IF-levels were determined in patients with glioma and healthy controls. Of the 28 identified eligible studies, 12 focused on levels of GFAP in serum (sGFAP) and were included for metadata analysis. RESULTS In all studies combined, 62.7% of all grade IV patients had detectable levels of sGFAP compared to 12.7% of healthy controls. sGFAP did not surpass the limit of detection in lower grade patients or healthy controls, but sGFAP was significantly elevated in grade IV glioma (0.12 ng/mL (0.06 - 0.18), P < 0.001) and showed an average median difference of 0.15 ng/mL (0.04 - 0.25, P < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. sGFAP levels were linked to tumour volume, but not to patient outcome. CONCLUSION The presence of sGFAP is indicative of grade IV glioma, but additional studies are necessary to fully determine the usefulness of GFAP in body fluids as a tool for grade IV glioma diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Van van Asperen
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daria M Fedorushkova
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A J T Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Hospital Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Elly Hol
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Del Bene M, Osti D, Faletti S, Beznousenko GV, DiMeco F, Pelicci G. Extracellular vesicles: the key for precision medicine in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:184-196. [PMID: 34581817 PMCID: PMC8804888 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and lethal disease of the central nervous system. Diagnosis is delayed following the occurrence of symptoms, and treatment is based on standardized approaches that are unable to cope with its heterogeneity, mutability, and invasiveness. The follow-up of patients relies on burdensome schedules for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, to personalize treatment, biomarkers and liquid biopsy still represent unmet clinical needs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the key to revolutionize the entire process of care for patients with GBM. EVs can be collected noninvasively (eg, blood) and impressively possess multilayered information, which is constituted by their concentration and molecular cargo. EV-based liquid biopsy may facilitate GBM diagnosis and enable the implementation of personalized treatment, resulting in customized care for each patient and for each analyzed time point of the disease, thereby tackling the distinctive heterogeneity and mutability of GBM that confounds effective treatment. Herein, we discuss the limitations of current GBM treatment options and the rationale behind the need for personalized care. We also review the evidence supporting GBM-associated EVs as a promising tool capable of fulfilling the still unmet clinical need for effective and timely personalized care of patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Del Bene
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Osti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Faletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, USA
| | - Giuliana Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy
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21
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Benaiges E, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Madeira A, Bosch R, Núñez-Roa C, Ejarque M, Maymó-Masip E, Huber-Ruano I, Lejeune M, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Survivin drives tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming: a novel mechanism with potential impact for obesity. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:777-792. [PMID: 33710603 PMCID: PMC8338861 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies point to adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a link between obesity and cancer. We aimed to determine whether survivin, which is highly secreted by ASCs from subjects with obesity, might drive a pro-tumoral phenotype in macrophages. METHODS The effect of ASC conditioned medium on the macrophage phenotype was assessed by expression studies. Survivin intracellular localization and internalization were examined by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, respectively. Loss- and gain-of-function studies were performed using adenoviral vectors, and gene expression patterns, migration and invasion capacities of cancer cells were examined. Heterotypic cultures of ASCs, macrophages and cancer cells were established to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Survivin-blocking experiments were used to determine the impact of survivin on both macrophages and cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of survivin was performed in macrophages from ascitic fluids of cancer patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We found that obese-derived ASCs induced a phenotypic switch in macrophages characterized by the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Macrophages were found to internalize extracellular survivin, generating hybrid macrophages with a tumor-associated phenotype that included secretion of survivin. Exogenous expression of survivin in macrophages generated a similar phenotype and enhanced the malignant characteristics of cancer cells by a mechanism dependent on survivin phosphorylation at threonine 34. Survivin secreted by both ASCs from subjects with obesity and tumor-associated macrophages synergistically boosted the malignancy of cancer cells. Importantly, survivin was mainly detected in ascites-associated macrophages from patients with a malignant diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that survivin may serve as a molecular link between obesity and cancer and as a novel marker for tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benaiges
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - V Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Madeira
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bosch
- Grup de Recerca en Patologia Oncològica i Bioinformàtica, Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, 43500, Tortosa, Spain
| | - C Núñez-Roa
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ejarque
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Maymó-Masip
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Huber-Ruano
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Lejeune
- Grup de Recerca en Patologia Oncològica i Bioinformàtica, Molecular Biology and Research Section, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, 43500, Tortosa, Spain
| | - J Vendrell
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Rovira i Virgili University, 43003, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - S Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Roy PK, Rajesh Y, Mandal M. Therapeutic targeting of membrane-associated proteins in central nervous system tumors. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112760. [PMID: 34339674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the most complex system, the central nervous system (CNS) is profoundly regulated by a huge number of membrane-associated proteins (MAP). A minor change stimulates immense chemical changes and the elicited response is organized by MAP, which acts as a receptor of that chemical or channel enabling the flow of ions. Slight changes in the activity or expression of these MAPs lead to severe consequences such as cognitive disorders, memory loss, or cancer. CNS tumors are heterogeneous in nature and hard-to-treat due to random mutations in MAPs; like as overexpression of EGFRvIII/TGFβR/VEGFR, change in adhesion molecules α5β3 integrin/SEMA3A, imbalance in ion channel proteins, etc. Extensive research is under process for developing new therapeutic approaches using these proteins such as targeted cytotoxic radiotherapy, drug-delivery, and prodrug activation, blocking of receptors like GluA1, developing viral vector against cell surface receptor. The combinatorial approach of these strategies along with the conventional one might be more potential. Henceforth, our review focuses on in-depth analysis regarding MAPs aiming for a better understanding for developing an efficient therapeutic approach for targeting CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
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23
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Spinelli C, Tawil N, Adnani L, Rak J, Choi D. Extracellular Vesicle Mediated Vascular Pathology in Glioblastoma. Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:247-273. [PMID: 33779920 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable, infiltrative high-grade brain tumour associated with dramatic vascular responses observed both locally (angiogenesis, vascular cooption, angiocrine effects, microthrombosis) and systemically (venous thromboembolism). GBM-associated vascular pathology is diagnostically relevant and constitutes a source of morbidity, mortality and progressive changes in tumour biology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as unique mediators of vascular effects in brain tumours acting as vehicles for intercellular transfer of oncoproteins (e.g. EGFRvIII), RNA, DNA and molecular effectors of angiogenesis and thrombosis. Vascular effects of GBM EVs are regulated by cancer cell genome, epigenome and microenvironment and differ between subtypes of cancer cells and stem cells. Understanding and targeting EV-driven vascular processes in GBM may offer new approaches to diagnose and treat these intractable tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Spinelli
- McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, QC, Canada
| | - Nadim Tawil
- McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, QC, Canada
| | - Lata Adnani
- McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, QC, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, QC, Canada.
| | - Dongsic Choi
- McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, QC, Canada.
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Secreted Extracellular Vesicle Molecular Cargo as a Novel Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics of Central Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063267. [PMID: 33806874 PMCID: PMC8004928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous cell-derived membranous granules which carry a large diversity of molecules and participate in intercellular communication by transferring these molecules to target cells by endocytosis. In the last decade, EVs’ role in several pathological conditions, from etiology to disease progression or therapy evasion, has been consolidated, including in central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. For this review, we performed a systematic search of original works published, reporting the presence of molecular components expressed in the CNS via EVs, which have been purified from plasma, serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Our aim is to provide a list of molecular EV components that have been identified from both nonpathological conditions and the most common CNS-related disorders. We discuss the methods used to isolate and enrich EVs from specific CNS-cells and the relevance of its components in each disease context.
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25
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Zottel A, Jovčevska I, Šamec N, Komel R. Cytoskeletal proteins as glioblastoma biomarkers and targets for therapy: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103283. [PMID: 33667657 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain malignancy, is an exceptionally fatal cancer. Lack of suitable biomarkers and efficient treatment largely contribute to the therapy failure. Cytoskeletal proteins are crucial proteins in glioblastoma pathogenesis and can potentially serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Among them, GFAP, has gained most attention as potential diagnostic biomarker, while vimentin and microtubules are considered as prospective therapeutic targets. Microtubules represent one of the best anti-cancer targets due to their critical role in cell proliferation. Despite testing in clinical trials, the efficiency of taxanes, epothilones, vinca-domain binding drugs, colchicine-domain binding drugs and γ-tubulin binding drugs remains to be confirmed. Moreover, tumor treating field that disrupts microtubules draw attention because of its high efficiency and is called "the fourth cancer treatment modality". Thereby, because of the involvement of cytoskeleton in key physiological and pathological processes, its therapeutic potential in glioblastoma is currently extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Zottel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neja Šamec
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Yekula A, Muralidharan K, Rosh Z, Youngkin AE, Kang KM, Balaj L, Carter BS. Liquid Biopsy Strategies to Distinguish Progression from Pseudoprogression and Radiation Necrosis in Glioblastomas. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000029. [PMID: 32484293 PMCID: PMC7708392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for the detection and monitoring of central nervous system tumors is of significant clinical interest. At initial diagnosis, the majority of patients with central nervous system tumors undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by invasive brain biopsy to determine the molecular diagnosis of the WHO 2016 classification paradigm. Despite the importance of MRI for long-term treatment monitoring, in the majority of patients who receive chemoradiation therapy for glioblastoma, it can be challenging to distinguish between radiation treatment effects including pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis, and recurrent/progressive disease based on imaging alone. Tissue biopsy-based monitoring is high risk and not always feasible. However, distinguishing these entities is of critical importance for the management of patients and can significantly affect survival. Liquid biopsy strategies including circulating tumor cells, circulating free DNA, and extracellular vesicles have the potential to afford significant useful molecular information at both the stage of diagnosis and monitoring for these tumors. Here, current liquid biopsy-based approaches in the context of tumor monitoring to differentiate progressive disease from pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zachary Rosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Youngkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keiko M. Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bob S. Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Yao B, Sun P, Hao Y, Piao H, Zhao X. Role of Exosomes in the Progression, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gliomas. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924023. [PMID: 33245712 PMCID: PMC7706139 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors associated with a low survival rate. Even after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, gliomas still have a poor prognosis. Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, their size ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. Recent studies have proved that glioma cells could release numerous exosomes; therefore, exosomes have gained increasing attention in glioma-related research. Recent studies have confirmed the importance of extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, in the development of brain tumors, including gliomas. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment by transporting biomolecules (proteins, lipids, deoxyribonucleic acid, and ribonucleic acid); thereby playing a prominent role in tumor proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiation. Given their nanoscale size, exosomes can traverse the blood-brain barrier and promote tumor progression by modifying the tumor microenvironment. Based on their structural and functional characteristics, exosomes are demonstrating their value not only as diagnostic and prognostic markers, but also as tools in therapies specifically targeting glioma cells. Therefore, exosomes are a promising therapeutic target for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of malignant gliomas. More research will be needed before exosomes can be used in clinical applications. Here, we describe the exosomes, their morphology, and their roles in the diagnosis and progression of gliomas. In addition, we discuss the potential of exosomes as a therapeutic target/drug delivery system for patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Peixin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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28
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Xu Z, Zeng S, Gong Z, Yan Y. Exosome-based immunotherapy: a promising approach for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:160. [PMID: 33183286 PMCID: PMC7661275 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level of interest in the application of cell-released small vesicles that stimulate the immune system. As cell-derived nanovesicles, exosomes show great promise in cancer immunotherapy because of their immunogenicity and molecular transfer function. The cargoes carried on exosomes have been recently identified with improved technological advances and play functional roles in the regulation of immune responses. In particular, exosomes derived from tumor cells and immune cells exhibit unique composition profiles that are directly involved in anticancer immunotherapy. More importantly, exosomes can deliver their cargoes to targeted cells and thus influence the phenotype and immune-regulation functions of targeted cells. Accumulating evidence over the last decade has further revealed that exosomes can participate in multiple cellular processes contributing to cancer development and therapeutic effects, showing the dual characteristics of promoting and suppressing cancer. The potential of exosomes in the field of cancer immunotherapy is huge, and exosomes may become the most effective cancer vaccines, as well as targeted antigen/drug carriers. Understanding how exosomes can be utilized in immune therapy is important for controlling cancer progression; additionally, exosomes have implications for diagnostics and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the role of exosomes in immunotherapy as carriers to stimulate an anti-cancer immune response and as predictive markers for immune activation; furthermore, it summarizes the mechanism and clinical application prospects of exosome-based immunotherapy in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Tunset ME, Haslene-Hox H, Van Den Bossche T, Vaaler AE, Sulheim E, Kondziella D. Extracellular vesicles in patients in the acute phase of psychosis and after clinical improvement: an explorative study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9714. [PMID: 32995075 PMCID: PMC7501784 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived structures that transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids between cells, thereby affecting the phenotype of the recipient cell. As the content of EVs reflects the status of the originating cell, EVs can have potential as biomarkers. Identifying EVs, including their cells of origin and their cargo, may provide insights in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Here, we present an in-depth analysis and proteomics of EVs from peripheral blood in patients (n = 25) during and after the acute phase of psychosis. Concentration and protein content of EVs in psychotic patients were twofold higher than in 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001 for both concentration and protein content), and the diameter of EVs was larger in patients (p = 0.02). Properties of EVs did not differ significantly in blood sampled during and after the acute psychotic episode. Proteomic analyses on isolated EVs from individual patients revealed 1,853 proteins, whereof 45 were brain-elevated proteins. Of these, five proteins involved in regulation of plasticity of glutamatergic synapses were significantly different in psychotic patients compared to controls; neurogranin (NRGN), neuron-specific calcium-binding protein hippocalcin (HPCA), kalirin (KALRN), beta-adducin (ADD2) and ankyrin-2 (ANK2). To summarize, our results show that peripheral EVs in psychotic patients are different from those in healthy controls and point at alterations on the glutamatergic system. We suggest that EVs allow investigation of blood-borne brain-originating biological material and that their role as biomarkers in patients with psychotic disorders is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Elise Tunset
- Department of Østmarka- Division of Mental Healthcare, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mental Health- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Haslene-Hox
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Van Den Bossche
- VIB - UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Einar Vaaler
- Department of Østmarka- Division of Mental Healthcare, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Mental Health- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Sulheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Raza IJ, Tingate CA, Gkolia P, Romero L, Tee JW, Hunn MK. Blood Biomarkers of Glioma in Response Assessment Including Pseudoprogression and Other Treatment Effects: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1191. [PMID: 32923382 PMCID: PMC7456864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging-based monitoring of disease burden in glioma patients is frequently confounded by treatment effects. Circulating biomarkers could theoretically augment imaging-based response monitoring. This systematic review aimed to present and evaluate evidence for differential expression and diagnostic accuracy of circulating biomarkers with respect to outcomes of tumor response, progression, stable disease, and treatment effects (pseudoprogression, radionecrosis, pseudoresponse, and pseudolesions) in patients undergoing treatment for World Health Organization grades II-IV diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web Of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched until August 18, 2019, for observational or diagnostic studies on multiple circulating biomarker types: extracellular vesicles, circulating nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells, circulating proteins, and metabolites, angiogenesis related cells, immune cells, and other cell lines. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using an adapted Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool, and level of evidence (IA-IVD) for individual biomarkers was evaluated using an adapted framework from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines on evaluating tumor marker utility. Of 13,202 unique records, 58 studies met the inclusion criteria. One hundred thirty-three distinct biomarkers were identified in a total of 1,853 patients across various treatment modalities. Fifteen markers for response, progression, or stable disease and five markers for pseudoprogression or radionecrosis reached level IB. No biomarkers reached level IA. Only five studies contained data for diagnostic accuracy measures. Overall methodological quality of included studies was low. While extensive data on biomarker dysregulation in varying response categories were reported, no biomarkers ready for clinical application were identified. Further assay refinement and evaluation in larger cohorts with diagnostic accuracy study designs are required. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018110658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istafa J Raza
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell A Tingate
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Panagiota Gkolia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorena Romero
- The Ian Potter Library, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin W Tee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin K Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Filipchiuk C, Laganà AS, Beteli R, Ponce TG, Christofolini DM, Martins Trevisan C, Fonseca FLA, Barbosa CP, Bianco B. BIRC5/Survivin Expression as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Endometriosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080533. [PMID: 32751449 PMCID: PMC7459871 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of endometriosis is highly complex, and although it is a benign disease, it has several biological behaviors similar to malignant lesions, including cell invasion, neo-angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis. Survivin is a protein encoded by the BIRC5 gene that plays a role in cell division by inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the process of mitosis in embryonic and cancer cells. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the expression of BIRC5 in samples of peripheral blood of women with and without endometriosis. This study comprised of 40 women with endometriosis and 10 healthy women as controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected in the three phases of the menstrual cycle (follicular, ovulatory, and luteal). The expression of the BIRC5 gene was evaluated by RT-qPCR using the TaqMan methodology. The BIRC5 expression was significantly higher in all phases of the menstrual cycle in women with endometriosis, regardless of the disease stage. The accuracy of BIRC5 expression in the peripheral blood for the diagnosis endometriosis presented AUC of 0.887 (p < 0.001), with 97.2% of sensitivity and specificity of 65.5% considering the overall endometriosis group. Regarding the minimal/mild endometriosis group, the AUC presented a value of 0.925 (p < 0.001), with 100% of sensitivity and 79.3% of specificity, whereas in the moderate/severe endometriosis group the AUC was 0.868 (p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 65.5%. These findings suggest that the expression of BIRC5 may be a potential noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Filipchiuk
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (C.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 2100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Rubia Beteli
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.B.); (D.M.C.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Tatiana Guida Ponce
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (T.G.P.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.B.); (D.M.C.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (T.G.P.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Discipline of Clinical Analysis, Deparment of Patology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil;
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.B.); (D.M.C.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (C.F.); (B.B.)
- Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.B.); (D.M.C.); (C.P.B.)
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Chinnappan M, Srivastava A, Amreddy N, Razaq M, Pareek V, Ahmed R, Mehta M, Peterson JE, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicle and contributor of resistance to anticancer drugs. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:18-28. [PMID: 32439419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membranous vesicles implicated in intercellular signalling. Through their uncanny ability to carry and deliver donor cellular cargo (biomolecules) to target cells, they exert a profound effect on the regular functioning of healthy cells and play a significant role in pathogenesis and progression of several diseases, including cancer. The composition and number of endogenously circulating exosomes frequently vary, which is often reflective of the pathophysiological status of the cell. Applicability of exosomes derived from normal cells as a drug carrier with or without modifying their intraluminal and surface components are generally tested. Conversely, exosomes also are reported to contribute to resistance towards several anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the role of exosomes in cancer progression, resistance and the potential use of exosomes as a delivery vehicle of cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the exploitation of exosomes as a drug delivery vehicle. We also discuss the role of exosomes in conferring resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics. While this review is focused on cancer, the exosome-based drug delivery and resistance is also applicable to other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mohammad Razaq
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vipul Pareek
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jo Elle Peterson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Jones PS, Yekula A, Lansbury E, Small JL, Ayinon C, Mordecai S, Hochberg FH, Tigges J, Delcuze B, Charest A, Ghiran I, Balaj L, Carter BS. Characterization of plasma-derived protoporphyrin-IX-positive extracellular vesicles following 5-ALA use in patients with malignant glioma. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:23-35. [PMID: 31628025 PMCID: PMC6838454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are rapidly progressive brain tumors with high mortality. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) provides fluorescent delineation of malignant tissue, which helps achieve maximum safe resection. 5-ALA-based fluorescence is due to preferential accumulation of the fluorophore protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) in malignant glioma tissue. Additionally, gliomas cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry biomarkers of disease. Herein, we performed animal and human studies to investigate whether 5-ALA dosed glioma cells, in vitro and in vivo, release PpIX positive EVs in circulation which can be captured and analyzed. METHODS We used imaging flow cytometry (IFC) to characterize PpIX-positive EVs released from 5-ALA-dosed glioma cells, glioma-bearing xenograft models, as well as patients with malignant glioma undergoing FGS. FINDINGS We first show that glioma cells dosed with 5-ALA release 247-fold higher PpIX positive EVs compared to mock dosed glioma cells. Second, we demonstrate that the plasma of glioma-bearing mice (n = 2) dosed with 5-ALA contain significantly higher levels of circulating PpIX-positive EVs than their pre-dosing background (p = 0.004). Lastly, we also show that the plasma of patients with avidly fluorescent tumors (n = 4) undergoing FGS contain circulating PpIX-positive EVs at levels significantly higher than their pre-dosing background (p = 0.00009) and this rise in signal correlates with enhancing tumor volumes (r 2 = 0.888). INTERPRETATION Our findings highlight the potential of plasma-derived PpIX-positive EV-based diagnostics for malignant gliomas, offering a novel liquid biopsy platform for confirming and monitoring tumor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Lansbury
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia L Small
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Ayinon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Scott Mordecai
- Department of Pathology, Flow Cytometry Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - John Tigges
- Flow Cytometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bethany Delcuze
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alain Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Santelli A, Sun IO, Eirin A, Abumoawad AM, Woollard JR, Lerman A, Textor S, Puranik AS, Lerman LO. Senescent Kidney Cells in Hypertensive Patients Release Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012584. [PMID: 31433703 PMCID: PMC6585370 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertension may be associated with renal cellular injury. Cells in distress release extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their numbers in urine may reflect renal injury. Cellular senescence, an irreversible growth arrest in response to a noxious milieu, is characterized by release of proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that EVs released by senescent nephron cells can be identified in urine of patients with hypertension. Methods and Results We recruited patients with essential hypertension (EH) or renovascular hypertension and healthy volunteers (n=14 each). Renal oxygenation was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and blood samples collected from both renal veins for cytokine-level measurements. EVs isolated from urine samples were characterized by imaging flow cytometry based on specific markers, including p16 (senescence marker), calyxin (podocytes), urate transporter 1 (proximal tubules), uromodulin (ascending limb of Henle's loop), and prominin-2 (distal tubules). Overall percentage of urinary p16+ EVs was elevated in EH and renovascular hypertension patients compared with healthy volunteers and correlated inversely with renal function and directly with renal vein cytokine levels. Urinary levels of p16+/urate transporter 1+ were elevated in all hypertensive subjects compared with healthy volunteers, whereas p16+/prominin-2+ levels were elevated only in EH versus healthy volunteers and p16+/uromodulin+ in renovascular hypertension versus EH. Conclusions Levels of p16+ EVs are elevated in urine of hypertensive patients and may reflect increased proximal tubular cellular senescence. In EH, EVs originate also from distal tubules and in renovascular hypertension from Henle's loop. Hence, urinary EVs levels may be useful to identify intrarenal sites of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Santelli
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Department of PhysiopathologyHospital de ClinicasMontevideoUruguay
| | - In O. Sun
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | | | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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35
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Stobiecka M, Ratajczak K, Jakiela S. Toward early cancer detection: Focus on biosensing systems and biosensors for an anti-apoptotic protein survivin and survivin mRNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:58-71. [PMID: 31078841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of biosensors for cancer biomarkers has recently been expanding rapidly, offering promising biomedical applications of these sensors as highly sensitive, selective, and inexpensive bioanalytical tools that can provide alternative methodology to that afforded by the advanced hyphenated-instrumental techniques. In this review, we focus particularly on the detection of a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family, protein survivin (Sur), a ubiquitous re-organizer of the cell life cycle with the ability to inhibit the apoptosis and induce an enhanced proliferation leading to the unimpeded cancer growth and metastasis. Herein, we critically evaluate the progress in the development of novel biosensing systems and biosensors for the detection of two survivin (Sur) biomarkers: the Sur protein and its messenger RNA (Sur mRNA), including immunosensors, electrochemical piezo- and impedance-sensors, electrochemi-luminescence biosensors, genosensors based on oligonucleotide molecular beacons (MBs) with fluorescent or electrochemical transduction, as well as the microfluidic and related analytical platforms based on solution chemistry. The in-situ applications of survivin biomarkers' detection technologies to equip nanocarriers of the controlled drug delivery systems with MB-based fluorescence imaging capability, apoptosis control, and mitigation of the acquired drug resistance are also presented and critically evaluated. Finally, we turn the attention to the application of biosensors for the analysis of Sur biomarkers in exosomes and circulating tumor cells for a non-invasive liquid biopsy. The prospect of a widespread screening for early cancers, based on inexpensive point-of-care testing using biosensors and multiplex biosensor arrays, as a means of reducing the high cancer fatality rate, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776, Warsaw, Poland.
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36
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Graner MW. Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in High-Grade Gliomas: Tiny Particles with Outsized Influence. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2019; 20:331-357. [PMID: 30978305 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (grade IV), are devastating diseases with dismal prognoses; afflicted patients seldom live longer than 15 months, and their quality of life suffers immensely. Our current standard-of-care therapy has remained essentially unchanged for almost 15 years, with little new therapeutic progress. We desperately need a better biologic understanding of these complicated tumors in a complicated organ. One area of rejuvenated study relates to extracellular vesicles (EVs)-membrane-enclosed nano- or microsized particles that originate from the endosomal system or are shed from the plasma membrane. EVs contribute to tumor heterogeneity (including the maintenance of glioma stem cells or their differentiation), the impacts of hypoxia (angiogenesis and coagulopathies), interactions amid the tumor microenvironment (concerning the survival of astrocytes, neurons, endothelial cells, blood vessels, the blood-brain barrier, and the ensuing inflammation), and influences on the immune system (both stimulatory and suppressive). This article reviews glioma EVs and the ways that EVs manifest themselves as autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors in proximal and distal intra- and intercellular communications. The reader should note that there is much controversy, and indeed confusion, in the field over the exact roles for EVs in many biological processes, and we will engage some of these difficulties herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
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37
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Abstract
Survivin (also known as BIRC5) is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein that is essential for cell division and can inhibit cell death. Normally it is only expressed in actively proliferating cells, but is upregulated in most, if not all cancers; consequently, it has received significant attention as a potential oncotherapeutic target. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we summarise our knowledge of survivin 21 years on from its initial discovery. We describe the structure, expression and function of survivin, highlight its interactome and conclude by describing anti-survivin strategies being trialled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally P Wheatley
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Dario C Altieri
- The Wistar Institute Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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38
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McGranahan T, Therkelsen KE, Ahmad S, Nagpal S. Current State of Immunotherapy for Treatment of Glioblastoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 30790064 PMCID: PMC6394457 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT At this time, there are no FDA-approved immune therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) despite many unique therapies currently in clinical trials. GBM is a highly immunosuppressive tumor and there are limitations to a safe immune response in the central nervous system. To date, there have been several failures of phase 3 immune therapy clinical trials in GBM. These trials have targeted single components of an antitumor immune response. Learning from these failures, the future of immunotherapy for GBM appears most hopeful for combination of immune therapies to overcome the profound immunosuppression of this disease. Understanding biomarkers for appropriate patient selection as well as tumor progression are necessary for implementation of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tresa McGranahan
- Department of Neurology, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Sarah Ahmad
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Seema Nagpal
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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39
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van Bodegraven EJ, van Asperen JV, Robe PAJ, Hol EM. Importance of GFAP isoform-specific analyses in astrocytoma. Glia 2019; 67:1417-1433. [PMID: 30667110 PMCID: PMC6617972 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarkers are still being used. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a classical marker of astrocytoma, both in clinical and experimental settings. GFAP is used to determine glial differentiation, which is associated with a less malignant tumor. However, since GFAP is not only expressed by mature astrocytes but also by radial glia during development and neural stem cells in the adult brain, we hypothesized that GFAP expression in astrocytoma might not be a direct indication of glial differentiation and a less malignant phenotype. Therefore, we here review all existing literature from 1972 up to 2018 on GFAP expression in astrocytoma patient material to revisit GFAP as a marker of lower grade, more differentiated astrocytoma. We conclude that GFAP is heterogeneously expressed in astrocytoma, which most likely masks a consistent correlation of GFAP expression to astrocytoma malignancy grade. The GFAP positive cell population contains cells with differences in morphology, function, and differentiation state showing that GFAP is not merely a marker of less malignant and more differentiated astrocytoma. We suggest that discriminating between the GFAP isoforms GFAPδ and GFAPα will improve the accuracy of assessing the differentiation state of astrocytoma in clinical and experimental settings and will benefit glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J van Bodegraven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessy V van Asperen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A J Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105, BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Gonda A, Kabagwira J, Senthil GN, Ferguson Bennit HR, Neidigh JW, Khan S, Wall NR. Exosomal survivin facilitates vesicle internalization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34919-34934. [PMID: 30405884 PMCID: PMC6201849 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family plays a significant role in cell fate and function. It is significantly overexpressed in tumor cells and has been identified in most cancer cell types. A novel extracellular population has recently been identified and its function is still unknown. Emerging evidence continues to shed light on the important role the tumor microenvironment (TME) has on tumor survival and progression. This new population of survivin has been seen to enhance the tumor phenotype when internalized by recipient cells. In this paper, we sought to better understand the mechanism by which survivin is taken up by cancer cells and the possible role it plays in this phenomenon. We isolated the exosomal carriers of extracellular survivin and using a lipophilic stain, PKH67, we tracked their uptake with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We found that by blocking exosomal survivin, exosome internalization is reduced, signifying a novel function for this protein. We also discovered that the common membrane receptors, transferrin receptor, endothelin B receptor, insulin receptor alpha, and membrane glucocorticoid receptor all facilitate exosomal internalization. This understanding further clarifies the protein-protein interactions in the TME that may influence tumor progression and identifies additional potential chemotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Gonda
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Girish N. Senthil
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Heather R. Ferguson Bennit
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Neidigh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Salma Khan
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R. Wall
- Center for Health Disparities Research and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, 92350, USA
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Osti D, Del Bene M, Rappa G, Santos M, Matafora V, Richichi C, Faletti S, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov A, Bachi A, Fornasari L, Bongetta D, Gaetani P, DiMeco F, Lorico A, Pelicci G. Clinical Significance of Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma from Glioblastoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:266-276. [PMID: 30287549 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. The identification of blood biomarkers reflecting the tumor status represents a major unmet need for optimal clinical management of patients with GBM. Their high number in body fluids, their stability, and the presence of many tumor-associated proteins and RNAs make extracellular vesicles potentially optimal biomarkers. Here, we investigated the potential role of plasma extracellular vesicles from patients with GBM for diagnosis and follow-up after treatment and as a prognostic tool. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma from healthy controls (n = 33), patients with GBM (n = 43), and patients with different central nervous system malignancies (n = 25) were collected. Extracellular vesicles were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized in terms of morphology by transmission electron microscopy, concentration, and size by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and protein composition by mass spectrometry. An orthotopic mouse model of human GBM confirmed human plasma extracellular vesicle quantifications. Associations between plasma extracellular vesicle concentration and clinicopathologic features of patients with GBM were analyzed. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS GBM releases heterogeneous extracellular vesicles detectable in plasma. Plasma extracellular vesicle concentration was higher in GBM compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001), brain metastases (P < 0.001), and extra-axial brain tumors (P < 0.001). After surgery, a significant drop in plasma extracellular vesicle concentration was measured (P < 0.001). Plasma extracellular vesicle concentration was also increased in GBM-bearing mice (P < 0.001). Proteomic profiling revealed a GBM-distinctive signature. CONCLUSIONS Higher extracellular vesicle plasma levels may assist in GBM clinical diagnosis: their reduction after GBM resection, their rise at recurrence, and their protein cargo might provide indications about tumor, therapy response, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Osti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Del Bene
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Rappa
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Mark Santos
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | | | - Cristina Richichi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Faletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornasari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bongetta
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaetani
- Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada.,Mediterranean Institute of Oncology Foundation, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University "Amedeo Avogadro," Novara, Italy
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42
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Zheng H, Zhan Y, Liu S, Lu J, Luo J, Feng J, Fan S. The roles of tumor-derived exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and their clinical implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:226. [PMID: 30217217 PMCID: PMC6137883 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, and it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in both men and women worldwide due to diagnosis in the advanced stage, rapid metastasis, and recurrence. At present, precision molecular targeted therapeutics directed toward NSCLC driven genes has made great progress and significantly improved the overall survival of patients with NSCLC, but can easily lead to acquired drug resistance. New methods are needed to develop real-time monitoring of drug efficacy and drug resistance, such as new molecular markers for more effective early detection and prediction of prognosis. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles, containing proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which are secreted by various cells, and they play an important role in the development of lung cancer by controlling a wide range of pathways. Tumor-derived exosomes are of great significance for guiding the targeted therapy of NSCLC and exosomes themselves can be a target for treatment. In this review, we describe the potential roles of tumor-derived exosomes and their clinical significance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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43
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Survivin-Based Treatment Strategies for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040971. [PMID: 29587347 PMCID: PMC5979467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin, an anti-apoptotic molecule abundantly expressed in most human neoplasms, has been reported to contribute to cancer initiation and drug resistance in a wide variety of human tumors. Efficient downregulation of survivin can sensitize tumor cells to various therapeutic interventions, generating considerable efforts in its validation as a new target in cancer therapy. This review thoroughly analyzes up-to-date information on the potential of survivin as a therapeutic target for new anticancer treatments. The literature dealing with the therapeutic targeting of survivin will be reviewed, discussing specifically squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and with emphasis on the last clinical trials. This review gives insight into the recent developments undertaken in validating various treatment strategies that target survivin in SCCs and analyze the translational possibility, identifying those strategies that seem to be the closest to being incorporated into clinical practice. The most recent developments, such as dominant-negative survivin mutants, RNA interference, anti-sense oligonucleotides, small-molecule inhibitors, and peptide-based immunotherapy, seem to be helpful for effectively downregulating survivin expression and reducing tumor growth potential, increasing the apoptotic rate, and sensitizing tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. However, selective and efficient targeting of survivin in clinical trials still poses a major challenge.
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44
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Fenstermaker RA, Figel SA, Qiu J, Barone TA, Dharma SS, Winograd EK, Galbo PM, Wiltsie LM, Ciesielski MJ. Survivin Monoclonal Antibodies Detect Survivin Cell Surface Expression and Inhibit Tumor Growth In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29540489 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) that is highly expressed in many cancers and represents an attractive molecule for targeted cancer therapy. Although primarily regarded as an intracellular protein with diverse actions, survivin has also been identified in association with circulating tumor exosomes.Experimental Design: We have reported that active, specific vaccination with a long peptide survivin immunogen leads to the development of survivin-specific CD8-mediated tumor cell lysis and prolongation of survival in tumor-bearing mice. In addition to cellular antitumor responses, circulating anti-survivin antibodies are detected in the serum of mice and human glioblastoma patients following vaccination with the survivin immunogen.Results: Here we demonstrate that survivin is present on the outer cell membrane of a wide variety of cancer cell types, including both murine and human glioma cells. In addition, antibodies to survivin that are derived from the immunogen display antitumor activity against murine GL261 gliomas in both flank and intracranial tumor models and against B16 melanoma as well.Conclusions: In addition to immunogen-induced, CD8-mediated tumor cell lysis, antibodies to the survivin immunogen have antitumor activity in vivo Cell-surface survivin could provide a specific target for antibody-mediated tumor immunotherapeutic approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2642-52. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fenstermaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sheila A Figel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jingxin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Tara A Barone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sanam S Dharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Evan K Winograd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Laura M Wiltsie
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael J Ciesielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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