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Ren P, Zhang J, Vijg J. Somatic mutations in aging and disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:5171-5189. [PMID: 38488948 PMCID: PMC11336144 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Time always leaves its mark, and our genome is no exception. Mutations in the genome of somatic cells were first hypothesized to be the cause of aging in the 1950s, shortly after the molecular structure of DNA had been described. Somatic mutation theories of aging are based on the fact that mutations in DNA as the ultimate template for all cellular functions are irreversible. However, it took until the 1990s to develop the methods to test if DNA mutations accumulate with age in different organs and tissues and estimate the severity of the problem. By now, numerous studies have documented the accumulation of somatic mutations with age in normal cells and tissues of mice, humans, and other animals, showing clock-like mutational signatures that provide information on the underlying causes of the mutations. In this review, we will first briefly discuss the recent advances in next-generation sequencing that now allow quantitative analysis of somatic mutations. Second, we will provide evidence that the mutation rate differs between cell types, with a focus on differences between germline and somatic mutation rate. Third, we will discuss somatic mutational signatures as measures of aging, environmental exposure, and activities of DNA repair processes. Fourth, we will explain the concept of clonally amplified somatic mutations, with a focus on clonal hematopoiesis. Fifth, we will briefly discuss somatic mutations in the transcriptome and in our other genome, i.e., the genome of mitochondria. We will end with a brief discussion of a possible causal contribution of somatic mutations to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Ren
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jan Vijg
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Kiemen AL, Wu PH, Braxton AM, Cornish TC, Hruban RH, Wood LD, Wirtz D, Zwicker D. Power-law growth models explain incidences and sizes of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and confirm spatial genomic findings. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5103. [PMID: 39058773 PMCID: PMC11277401 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a rare but lethal cancer. Recent evidence suggests that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a microscopic precursor lesion that gives rise to pancreatic cancer, is larger and more prevalent than previously believed. Better understanding of the growth-law dynamics of PanINs may improve our ability to understand how a miniscule fraction makes the transition to invasive cancer. Here, using three-dimensional tissue mapping, we analyzed >1000 PanINs and found that lesion size is distributed according to a power law. Our data suggest that in bulk, PanIN size can be predicted by general growth behavior without consideration for the heterogeneity of the pancreatic microenvironment or an individual's age, history, or lifestyle. Our models suggest that intraductal spread and fusing of lesions drive our observed size distribution. This analysis lays the groundwork for future mathematical modeling efforts integrating PanIN incidence, morphology, and molecular features to understand tumorigenesis and demonstrates the utility of combining experimental measurement with dynamic modeling in understanding tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Kiemen
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicia M. Braxton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Toby C. Cornish
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura D. Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Zwicker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
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Ghezelayagh TS, Kohrn BF, Fredrickson J, Krimmel-Morrison JD, Latorre-Esteves E, Tee XR, Radke MR, Manhardt E, Norquist BM, Katz R, Swisher EM, Risques RA. TP53 somatic evolution in cervical liquid-based cytology and blood from individuals with and without ovarian cancer and BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations. Oncogene 2024; 43:2421-2430. [PMID: 38918516 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Somatic TP53 mutations are prevalent in normal tissue but little is known about their association with cancer risk. Cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC), commonly known as Pap test, provides an accessible gynecological sample to test the value of TP53 somatic mutations as a biomarker for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), a cancer type mostly driven by TP53 mutations. We used ultra-deep duplex sequencing to analyze TP53 mutations in LBC and blood samples from 70 individuals (30 with and 40 without HGSC) undergoing gynecologic surgery, 30 carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline pathogenic variants (BRCApv). Only 30% of the tumor mutations were found in LBC samples. However, TP53 pathogenic mutations were identified in nearly all LBC and blood samples, with only 5.4% of mutations in LBC (20/368) also found in the corresponding blood sample. TP53 mutations were more abundant in LBC than in blood and increased with age in both sample types. BRCApv carriers with HGSC had more TP53 clonal expansions in LBC than BRCApv carriers without cancer. Our results show that, while not useful for direct cancer detection, LBC samples capture TP53 mutation burden in the gynecological tract, presenting potential value for cancer risk assessment in individuals at higher hereditary risk for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talayeh S Ghezelayagh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brendan F Kohrn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanne Fredrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Elena Latorre-Esteves
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xin-Ray Tee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc R Radke
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Enna Manhardt
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara M Norquist
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ronit Katz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rosa Ana Risques
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Brito-Robinson T, Ayinuola YA, Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ. Plasminogen missense variants and their involvement in cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1406953. [PMID: 38984351 PMCID: PMC11231438 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1406953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human plasminogen (PLG), the zymogen of the fibrinolytic protease, plasmin, is a polymorphic protein with two widely distributed codominant alleles, PLG/Asp453 and PLG/Asn453. About 15 other missense or non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of PLG show major, yet different, relative abundances in world populations. Although the existence of these relatively abundant allelic variants is generally acknowledged, they are often overlooked or assumed to be non-pathogenic. In fact, at least half of those major variants are classified as having conflicting pathogenicity, and it is unclear if they contribute to different molecular phenotypes. From those, PLG/K19E and PLG/A601T are examples of two relatively abundant PLG variants that have been associated with PLG deficiencies (PD), but their pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. On the other hand, approximately 50 rare and ultra-rare PLG missense variants have been reported to cause PD as homozygous or compound heterozygous variants, often leading to a debilitating disease known as ligneous conjunctivitis. The true abundance of PD-associated nsSNPs is unknown since they can remain undetected in heterozygous carriers. However, PD variants may also contribute to other diseases. Recently, the ultra-rare autosomal dominant PLG/K311E has been found to be causative of hereditary angioedema (HAE) with normal C1 inhibitor. Two other rare pathogenic PLG missense variants, PLG/R153G and PLG/V709E, appear to affect platelet function and lead to HAE, respectively. Herein, PLG missense variants that are abundant and/or clinically relevant due to association with disease are examined along with their world distribution. Proposed molecular mechanisms are discussed when known or can be reasonably assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francis J. Castellino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Shah S, Azhar A, Azhar S, Khan M. Changing Cancer Trends in District Dir, Pakistan: Epidemiological Insights From a 10-Year Hospital-Based Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62944. [PMID: 39044883 PMCID: PMC11265256 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background More alarming than the rise of cancer globally is its discreet changing profiles over the years. According to our knowledge, no new studies on cancer have taken place in Dir since 2004. Hence, we aimed to provide and analyze the cancer trends in district Dir, Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), regarding its prevalence and incidence, and compare it nationally and internationally. Methods A retrospective study was conducted by collecting data from 2647 clinically diagnosed cancer patients of all ages in district Dir, between the years 2008 and 2017, from the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and presented using different tables and figures. Results Out of the total patients, 52.7% were male and 47.3% were female. The most common types of cancers in both genders combined were breast (9.0%), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (6.0%), skin (5.7%), non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (5.6%), and brain tumor (5.2%). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in males in 2017 was peaking in the age group 60-69 (2707.2) with the most prevalent cancer being NHL (7.7%). In females, ASIR was highest in the age group 30-39 (2500.8) with the majority having breast cancer (18.1%), and in children, ALL (30.9%) was most prevalent. Incidence was highest in 2014 with a staggering 15 cases/100,000 population. Cancer prevalence in females aged 50 and below was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to males. Conclusion Our study highlights that cancer profiles in Dir in the past two decades have changed with certain results non-conforming to global and regional trends. A follow-up research should be carried out to further ascertain and analyze these diverging results in hopes of drawing a more concrete conclusion from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunnia Shah
- Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Anusha Azhar
- Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Saud Azhar
- General Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Peshawar, PAK
| | - Maaz Khan
- Oncology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, PAK
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Zhao X, Fan X, Lin X, Guo B, Yu Y. Deciphering age-specific molecular features in cervical cancer and constructing an angio-immune prognostic model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37717. [PMID: 38608077 PMCID: PMC11018232 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence is increasingly seen in younger individuals. Molecular distinctions between young and elderly patients at onset are understudied. This study used public databases to explore genomic, transcriptomic, and immune-related features across age groups in cervical cancer. Additionally, it aims to create a prognostic model applicable across diverse age cohorts, enabling precise patient stratification, and personalized therapies. Gene mutations, expression data, and clinicopathological information were obtained from 317 cervical cancer patients. These patients were divided into a young group and an old group based on the median age of onset. The characteristics of differential gene mutation, gene expression, and immune cells analysis were analyzed by R software. Finally, the prognostic model was constructed by univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analyses of angiogenic and immune gene sets. Its validity was further confirmed using an additional 300 cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma tissues. Cervical cancer patients at elderly onset age exhibit a significantly higher frequency of NOTCH1 and TP53 driver mutations compared to young patients, along with a notably higher tumor mutational burden. However, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of genomic instability and age-related mutational signatures. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that the young group significantly upregulated interferon-alpha and gamma responses and exhibited significantly higher activity in multiple metabolic pathways. Immune microenvironment analysis indicated enrichment of dendritic cells and natural killer cells in the young group, while transforming growth factor-β signature was enriched in the elderly group, indicating a higher degree of immune exclusion. A multigene prognostic model based on angiogenesis and T cell immune gene sets showed excellent prognostic performance independent of clinical factors such as age. High-risk groups identified by the model exhibit significant activation of tumor-promoting processes, such as metastasis and angiogenesis. Our study reveals distinct patterns in cancer-driving mechanisms, biological processes, and immune system status between young and elderly patients at onset with cervical cancer. These findings shed light on the age-specific underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, an independent molecular prognostic model is constructed to provide valuable references for patient stratification and the development of potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xichen Fan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu Lin
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Baozhu Guo
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanqin Yu
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Al-Danakh A, Safi M, Jian Y, Yang L, Zhu X, Chen Q, Yang K, Wang S, Zhang J, Yang D. Aging-related biomarker discovery in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348189. [PMID: 38590525 PMCID: PMC11000233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Older patients with cancer, particularly those over 75 years of age, often experience poorer clinical outcomes compared to younger patients. This can be attributed to age-related comorbidities, weakened immune function, and reduced tolerance to treatment-related adverse effects. In the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) era, age has emerged as an influential factor impacting the discovery of predictive biomarkers for ICI treatment. These age-linked changes in the immune system can influence the composition and functionality of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) that play a crucial role in the cancer response. Older patients may have lower levels of TIICs infiltration due to age-related immune senescence particularly T cell function, which can limit the effectivity of cancer immunotherapies. Furthermore, age-related immune dysregulation increases the exhaustion of immune cells, characterized by the dysregulation of ICI-related biomarkers and a dampened response to ICI. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the impact of age on ICI-related biomarkers and ICI response. Understanding these mechanisms will facilitate the development of treatment approaches tailored to elderly individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuli Jian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kangkang Yang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deyong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Surgery, Healinghands Clinic, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Jabbari P, Yazdanpanah O, Benjamin DJ, Rezazadeh Kalebasty A. Supplement Use and Increased Risks of Cancer: Unveiling the Other Side of the Coin. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:880. [PMID: 38473246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a rising trend in the consumption of dietary supplements, especially among adults, with the purpose of improving health. While marketing campaigns tout the potential health benefits of using dietary supplements, it is critical to evaluate the potential harmful effects associated with these supplements as well. The majority of the scarce research on the potential harmful effects of vitamins focuses on the acute or chronic toxicities associated with the use of dietary supplements. Quality research is still required to further investigate the risks of long-term use of dietary supplements, especially the risk of developing cancers. The present review concentrates on studies that have investigated the association between the risk of developing cancers and associated mortality with the risk of dietary supplements. Such an association has been reported for several vitamins, minerals, and other dietary supplements. Even though several of these studies come with their own shortcomings and critics, they must draw attention to further investigate long-term adverse effects of dietary supplements and advise consumers and healthcare providers to ponder the extensive use of dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Jabbari
- Department of Cell, Molecular and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Omid Yazdanpanah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | | | - Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Porter HL, Ansere VA, Undi RB, Hoolehan W, Giles CB, Brown CA, Stanford D, Huycke MM, Freeman WM, Wren JD. Methylation Array Signals are Predictive of Chronological Age Without Bisulfite Conversion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572465. [PMID: 38187520 PMCID: PMC10769286 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation data has been used to make "epigenetic clocks" which attempt to measure chronological and biological aging. These models rely on data derived from bisulfite-based measurements, which exploit a semi-selective deamination and a genomic reference to determine methylation states. Here, we demonstrate how another hallmark of aging, genomic instability, influences methylation measurements in both bisulfite sequencing and methylation arrays. We found that non-methylation factors lead to "pseudomethylation" signals that are both confounding of epigenetic clocks and uniquely age predictive. Quantifying these covariates in aging studies will be critical to building better clocks and designing appropriate studies of epigenetic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter L Porter
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Walker Hoolehan
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Chase A Brown
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | | | - Willard M Freeman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center
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Kiemen AL, Wu PH, Braxton AM, Cornish TC, Hruban RH, Wood L, Wirtz D, Zwicker D. Power-law growth models explain incidences and sizes of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions and confirm spatial genomic findings. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569633. [PMID: 38105957 PMCID: PMC10723372 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a rare but lethal cancer. Recent evidence reveals that pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs), the microscopic precursor lesions in the pancreatic ducts that can give rise to invasive pancreatic cancer, are significantly larger and more prevalent than previously believed. Better understanding of the growth law dynamics of PanINs may improve our ability to understand how a miniscule fraction of these lesions makes the transition to invasive cancer. Here, using artificial intelligence (AI)-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue mapping method, we measured the volumes of >1,000 PanIN and found that lesion size is distributed according to a power law with a fitted exponent of -1.7 over > 3 orders of magnitude. Our data also suggest that PanIN growth is not very sensitive to the pancreatic microenvironment or an individual's age, family history, and lifestyle, and is rather shaped by general growth behavior. We analyze several models of PanIN growth and fit the predicted size distributions to the observed data. The best fitting models suggest that both intraductal spread of PanIN lesions and fusing of multiple lesions into large, highly branched structures drive PanIN growth patterns. This work lays the groundwork for future mathematical modeling efforts integrating PanIN incidence, morphology, genomic, and transcriptomic features to understand pancreas tumorigenesis, and demonstrates the utility of combining experimental measurement of human tissues with dynamic modeling for understanding cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Kiemen
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicia M. Braxton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Toby C. Cornish
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Zwicker
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Costas L, Onieva I, Pelegrina B, Marin F, Carmona Á, López-Querol M, Frias-Gomez J, Peremiquel-Trillas P, Martínez JM, Dorca E, Brunet J, Pineda M, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX, Alemany L, Paytubi S. Evaluation of Somatic Mutations in Urine Samples as a Noninvasive Method for the Detection and Molecular Classification of Endometrial Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3681-3690. [PMID: 37439797 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current diagnostic methods for endometrial cancer lack specificity, leading to many women undergoing invasive procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic mutations in urine to accurately discriminate patients with endometrial cancer from controls. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Overall, 72 samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) with molecular identifiers targeting 47 genes. We evaluated urine supernatant samples from women with endometrial cancer (n = 19) and age-matched controls (n = 20). Cell pellets from urine and plasma samples from seven cases were sequenced; further, we also evaluated paired tumor samples from all cases. Finally, immunohistochemical markers for molecular profiling were evaluated in all tumor samples. RESULTS Overall, we were able to identify mutations in DNA from urine supernatant samples in 100% of endometrial cancers. In contrast, only one control (5%) showed variants at a variant allele frequency (VAF) ≥ 2% in the urine supernatant samples. The molecular classification obtained by using tumor samples and urine samples showed good agreement. Analyses in paired samples revealed a higher number of mutations and VAF in urine supernatants than in urine cell pellets and blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of somatic mutations using urine samples may offer a user-friendly and reliable tool for endometrial cancer detection and molecular classification. The diagnostic performance for endometrial cancer detection was very high, and cases could be molecularly classified using these noninvasive and self-collected samples. Additional multicenter evaluations using larger sample sizes are needed to validate the results and understand the potential of urine samples for the early detection and prognosis of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Onieva
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelegrina
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Marin
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta López-Querol
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Frias-Gomez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Dorca
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Doctor Josep Trueta Girona University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Pineda
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Xavier Bosch
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Pelegrina B, Paytubi S, Marin F, Martínez JM, Carmona Á, Frias-Gomez J, Peremiquel-Trillas P, Dorca E, Zanca A, López-Querol M, Onieva I, Benavente Y, Barahona M, Fernandez-Gonzalez S, De Francisco J, Caño V, Vidal A, Pijuan L, Canet-Hermida J, Dueñas N, Brunet J, Pineda M, Matias-Guiu X, Ponce J, Bosch FX, De Sanjosé S, Alemany L, Costas L. Evaluation of somatic mutations in cervicovaginal samples as a non-invasive method for the detection and molecular classification of endometrial cancer. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104716. [PMID: 37480623 PMCID: PMC10393602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing worldwide. While delays in diagnosis reduce survival, case molecular misclassification might be associated with under- and over-treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic alterations to detect and molecularly classify cases of endometrial cancer using non-invasive samples. METHODS Consecutive patients with incident endometrial cancer (N = 139) and controls (N = 107) from a recent Spanish case-control study were included in this analysis. Overall, 339 cervicovaginal samples (out of which 228 were clinician-collected and 111 were self-collected) were analysed using a test based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), which targets 47 genes. Immunohistochemical markers were evaluated in 133 tumour samples. A total of 159 samples were used to train the detection algorithm and 180 samples were used for validation. FINDINGS Overall, 73% (N = 94 out of 129 clinician-collected samples, and N = 66 out of 90 self-collected samples) of endometrial cancer cases had detectable mutations in clinician-collected and self-collected samples, while the specificity was 80% (79/99) for clinician-collected samples and 90% (19/21) for self-collected samples. The molecular classifications obtained using tumour samples and non-invasive gynaecologic samples in our study showed moderate-to-good agreement. The molecular classification of cases of endometrial cancer into four groups using NGS of both clinician-collected and self-collected cervicovaginal samples yielded significant differences in disease-free survival. The cases with mutations in POLE had an excellent prognosis, whereas the cases with TP53 mutations had the poorest clinical outcome, which is consistent with the data on tumour samples. INTERPRETATION This study classified endometrial cancer cases into four molecular groups based on the analysis of cervicovaginal samples that showed significant differences in disease-free survival. The molecular classification of endometrial cancer in non-invasive samples may improve patient care and survival by indicating the early need for aggressive surgery, as well as reducing referrals to highly specialized hospitals in cancers with good prognosis. Validation in independent sets will confirm the potential for molecular classification in non-invasive samples. FUNDING This study was funded by a competitive grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects PI19/01835, PI23/00790, and FI20/00031, CIBERESP CB06/02/0073 and CIBERONC CB16/12/00231, CB16/12/00234 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund. ERDF: A way to build Europe). Samples and data were provided by Biobank HUB-ICO-IDIBELL, integrated into the Spanish Biobank Network, and funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PT20/00171) and by Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunya (XBTC) sponsored by Pla Director d'Oncologia de Catalunya. This work was supported in part by the AECC, Grupos estables (GCTRA18014MATI). It also counts with the support of the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of Business and Knowledge of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and grants to support the activities of research groups 2021SGR01354 and 2021SGR1112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelegrina
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Marin
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martínez
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jon Frias-Gomez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Dorca
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Zanca
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta López-Querol
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Onieva
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Barahona
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier De Francisco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Caño
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Pijuan
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Canet-Hermida
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Dueñas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Doctor Josep Trueta Girona University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Pineda
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer - CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier Bosch
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia De Sanjosé
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Consultant, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Nguyen HL, Geukens T, Maetens M, Aparicio S, Bassez A, Borg A, Brock J, Broeks A, Caldas C, Cardoso F, De Schepper M, Delorenzi M, Drukker CA, Glas AM, Green AR, Isnaldi E, Eyfjörð J, Khout H, Knappskog S, Krishnamurthy S, Lakhani SR, Langerod A, Martens JWM, McCart Reed AE, Murphy L, Naulaerts S, Nik-Zainal S, Nevelsteen I, Neven P, Piccart M, Poncet C, Punie K, Purdie C, Rakha EA, Richardson A, Rutgers E, Vincent-Salomon A, Simpson PT, Schmidt MK, Sotiriou C, Span PN, Tan KTB, Thompson A, Tommasi S, Van Baelen K, Van de Vijver M, Van Laere S, Van't Veer L, Viale G, Viari A, Vos H, Witteveen AT, Wildiers H, Floris G, Garg AD, Smeets A, Lambrechts D, Biganzoli E, Richard F, Desmedt C. Obesity-associated changes in molecular biology of primary breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4418. [PMID: 37479706 PMCID: PMC10361985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and worse prognosis in BC patients, yet its impact on BC biology remains understudied in humans. This study investigates how the biology of untreated primary BC differs according to patients' body mass index (BMI) using data from >2,000 patients. We identify several genomic alterations that are differentially prevalent in overweight or obese patients compared to lean patients. We report evidence supporting an ageing accelerating effect of obesity at the genetic level. We show that BMI-associated differences in bulk transcriptomic profile are subtle, while single cell profiling allows detection of more pronounced changes in different cell compartments. These analyses further reveal an elevated and unresolved inflammation of the BC tumor microenvironment associated with obesity, with distinct characteristics contingent on the estrogen receptor status. Collectively, our analyses imply that obesity is associated with an inflammaging-like phenotype. We conclude that patient adiposity may play a significant role in the heterogeneity of BC and should be considered for BC treatment tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Linh Nguyen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Geukens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ayse Bassez
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Center Lund, Lund, Sweden
- CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, SCIBLU Genomics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jane Brock
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Departments of Core Facility, Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maxim De Schepper
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline A Drukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Edoardo Isnaldi
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jórunn Eyfjörð
- BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hazem Khout
- Department of Breast Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Anita Langerod
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen, Oslo, Norway
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Leigh Murphy
- University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coralie Poncet
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Leuven Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Colin Purdie
- Department of Pathology, University of Dundee, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Emiel Rutgers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine Division, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Peter T Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kiat Tee Benita Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Breast Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumouri "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Karen Van Baelen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Van't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alain Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bio-informatique 'Gilles Thomas', Lyon, France
| | - Hanne Vos
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Leuven Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elia Biganzoli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Roškar L, Kokol M, Pavlič R, Roškar I, Smrkolj Š, Rižner TL. Decreased Gene Expression of Antiangiogenic Factors in Endometrial Cancer: qPCR Analysis and Machine Learning Modelling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3661. [PMID: 37509322 PMCID: PMC10378066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is an increasing health concern, with its growth driven by an angiogenic switch that occurs early in cancer development. Our study used publicly available datasets to examine the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins in EC tissues, and compared them with adjacent control tissues. We identified nine genes with significant differential expression and selected six additional antiangiogenic genes from prior research for validation on EC tissue in a cohort of 36 EC patients. Using machine learning, we built a prognostic model for EC, combining our data with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our results revealed a significant up-regulation of IL8 and LEP and down-regulation of eleven other genes in EC tissues. These genes showed differential expression in the early stages and lower grades of EC, and in patients without deep myometrial or lymphovascular invasion. Gene co-expressions were stronger in EC tissues, particularly those with lymphovascular invasion. We also found more extensive angiogenesis-related gene involvement in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, our findings suggest that angiogenesis in EC is predominantly driven by decreased antiangiogenic factor expression, particularly in EC with less favourable prognostic features. Our machine learning model effectively stratified EC based on gene expression, distinguishing between low and high-grade cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Roškar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Murska Sobota, 9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kokol
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Semantika Research, Semantika d.o.o., 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Renata Pavlič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Roškar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Smrkolj
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Morris VS, Ghazi H, Fletcher DM, Guinn BA. A Direct Comparison, and Prioritisation, of the Immunotherapeutic Targets Expressed by Adult and Paediatric Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9667. [PMID: 37298623 PMCID: PMC10253696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by impaired myeloid differentiation resulting in an accumulation of immature blasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Although AML can occur at any age, the incidence peaks at age 65. The pathobiology of AML also varies with age with associated differences in incidence, as well as the frequency of cytogenetic change and somatic mutations. In addition, 5-year survival rates in paediatrics are 60-75% but fall to 5-15% in older AML patients. This systematic review aimed to determine whether the altered genes in AML affect the same molecular pathways, indifferent of patient age, and, therefore, whether patients could benefit from the repurposing drugs or the use of the same immunotherapeutic strategies across age boundaries to prevent relapse. Using a PICO framework and PRISMA-P checklist, relevant publications were identified using five literature databases and assessed against an inclusion criteria, leaving 36 articles, and 71 targets for therapy, for further analysis. QUADAS-2 was used to determine the risk of bias and perform a quality control step. We then priority-ranked the list of cancer antigens based on predefined and pre-weighted objective criteria as part of an analytical hierarchy process used for dealing with complex decisions. This organized the antigens according to their potential to act as targets for the immunotherapy of AML, a treatment that offers an opportunity to remove residual leukaemia cells at first remission and improve survival rates. It was found that 80% of the top 20 antigens identified in paediatric AML were also within the 20 highest scoring immunotherapy targets in adult AML. To analyse the relationships between the targets and their link to different molecular pathways, PANTHER and STRING analyses were performed on the 20 highest scoring immunotherapy targets for both adult and paediatric AML. There were many similarities in the PANTHER and STRING results, including the most prominent pathways being angiogenesis and inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways. The coincidence of targets suggests that the repurposing of immunotherapy drugs across age boundaries could benefit AML patients, especially when used in combination with conventional therapies. However, due to cost implications, we would recommend that efforts are focused on ways to target the highest scoring antigens, such as WT1, NRAS, IDH1 and TP53, although in the future other candidates may prove successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. Morris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Hanya Ghazi
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Daniel M. Fletcher
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Barbara-ann Guinn
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
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16
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Moreno A, Taffet A, Tjahjono E, Anderson QL, Kirienko NV. Examining Sporadic Cancer Mutations Uncovers a Set of Genes Involved in Mitochondrial Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1009. [PMID: 37239369 PMCID: PMC10218105 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular health and metabolism and the activation of programmed cell death processes. Although pathways for regulating and re-establishing mitochondrial homeostasis have been identified over the past twenty years, the consequences of disrupting genes that regulate other cellular processes, such as division and proliferation, on affecting mitochondrial function remain unclear. In this study, we leveraged insights about increased sensitivity to mitochondrial damage in certain cancers, or genes that are frequently mutated in multiple cancer types, to compile a list of candidates for study. RNAi was used to disrupt orthologous genes in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, and a series of assays were used to evaluate these genes' importance for mitochondrial health. Iterative screening of ~1000 genes yielded a set of 139 genes predicted to play roles in mitochondrial maintenance or function. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that these genes are statistically interrelated. Functional validation of a sample of genes from this set indicated that disruption of each gene caused at least one phenotype consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction, including increased fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, abnormal steady-state levels of NADH or ROS, or altered oxygen consumption. Interestingly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of these genes often also exacerbated α-synuclein aggregation in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, human orthologs of the gene set showed enrichment for roles in human disorders. This gene set provides a foundation for identifying new mechanisms that support mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natalia V. Kirienko
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main St, MS140, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (A.M.); (A.T.); (E.T.); (Q.L.A.)
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17
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Naeini SH, Mavaddatiyan L, Kalkhoran ZR, Taherkhani S, Talkhabi M. Alpha-ketoglutarate as a potent regulator for lifespan and healthspan: Evidences and perspectives. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112154. [PMID: 36934991 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that determined by a functional decline in cells and tissues as organisms are growing old, resulting in an increase at risk of disease and death. To this end, many efforts have been made to control aging and increase lifespan and healthspan. These efforts have led to the discovery of several anti-aging drugs and compounds such as rapamycin and metformin. Recently, alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) has been introduced as a potential anti-aging metabolite that can control several functions in organisms, thereby increases longevity and improves healthspan. Unlike other synthetic anti-aging drugs, AKG is one of the metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, and synthesized in the body. It plays a crucial role in the cell energy metabolism, amino acid/protein synthesis, epigenetic regulation, stemness and differentiation, fertility and reproductive health, and cancer cell behaviors. AKG exerts its effects through different mechanisms such as inhibiting mTOR and ATP-synthase, modulating DNA and histone demethylation and reducing ROS formation. Herein, we summarize the recent findings of AKG-related lifespan and healthspan studies and discuss AKG associated cell and molecular mechanisms involved in increasing longevity, improving reproduction, and modulating stem cells and cancer cells behavior. We also discuss the promises and limitations of AKG for delaying aging and other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Hakimi Naeini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Mavaddatiyan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashid Kalkhoran
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Taherkhani
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Jahn J, Diamond B, Hsu J, Montoya S, Totiger TM, Landgren O, Maura F, Taylor J. Therapy-selected clonal hematopoiesis and its role in myeloid neoplasms. Leuk Res 2023; 126:107020. [PMID: 36696829 PMCID: PMC11305114 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) account for approximately 10-15% of all myeloid neoplasms and are associated with poor prognosis. Genomic characterization of t-MN to date has been limited in comparison to the considerable sequencing efforts performed for de novo myeloid neoplasms. Until recently, targeted deep sequencing (TDS) or whole exome sequencing (WES) have been the primary technologies utilized and thus limited the ability to explore the landscape of structural variants and mutational signatures. In the past decade, population-level studies have identified clonal hematopoiesis as a risk factor for the development of myeloid neoplasms. However, emerging research on clonal hematopoiesis as a risk factor for developing t-MN is evolving, and much is unknown about the progression of CH to t-MN. In this work, we will review the current knowledge of the genomic landscape of t-MN, discuss background knowledge of clonal hematopoiesis gained from studies of de novo myeloid neoplasms, and examine the recent literature studying the role of therapeutic selection of CH and its evolution under the effects of antineoplastic therapy. Finally, we will discuss the potential implications on current clinical practice and the areas of focus needed for future research into therapy-selected clonal hematopoiesis in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Jahn
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Benjamin Diamond
- Myeloma Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Skye Montoya
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tulasigeri M Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Francesco Maura
- Myeloma Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States; Leukemia Program, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States.
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19
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Cossu Rocca M, Lorini L, Szturz P, Bossi P, Vermorken JB. Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Older Patients: Are New Agents Bringing New Hope? Drugs Aging 2023; 40:135-143. [PMID: 36715829 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a broad family of diseases, most of which are of squamous cell origin, affecting the epithelial mucosa lining the upper aerodigestive tract. They often recur or are progressive despite multimodality treatment approaches, resulting in a poor prognosis. Given the progressive aging of the global population, the probability to plan an active and eventually toxic treatment for an older patient, with either curative or palliative intent, can no longer be considered as an uncommon occurrence. A crucial point in offering a systemic treatment to older patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is that they are underrepresented in randomised clinical trials, and evidence-based guidelines are lacking, while, from a clinical point of view, these patients may have varying grades of resilience to anticancer treatments due to differences in their health, social and/or economic status. Our aim is to draw attention to the older patient population suffering from recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to address some open questions, such as possible differences in epidemiology and biology compared with their younger counterparts; to highlight frailty and its components by discussing how to measure and use it to personalise treatment; to evaluate which outcomes should be best achieved in the older adult setting; finally, in the era of immunotherapy, to examine whether there are differences to be addressed when considering new treatments for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Lorini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Petr Szturz
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jan B Vermorken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Herzog C, Marín F, Jones A, Evans I, Reisel D, Redl E, Schreiberhuber L, Paytubi S, Pelegrina B, Carmona Á, Peremiquel-Trillas P, Frias-Gomez J, Pineda M, Brunet J, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, de Sanjosé S, Alemany L, Olaitan A, Wong M, Jurkovic D, Crosbie EJ, Rosenthal AN, Bjørge L, Zikan M, Dostalek L, Cibula D, Sundström K, Dillner J, Costas L, Widschwendter M. A Simple Cervicovaginal Epigenetic Test for Screening and Rapid Triage of Women With Suspected Endometrial Cancer: Validation in Several Cohort and Case/Control Sets. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:3828-3838. [PMID: 36001862 PMCID: PMC9671754 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence has been rising over the past 10 years. Delays in diagnosis reduce survival and necessitate more aggressive treatment. We aimed to develop and validate a simple, noninvasive, and reliable triage test for EC to reduce the number of invasive diagnostic procedures and improve patient survival. METHODS We developed a test to screen and triage women with suspected EC using 726 cervical smear samples from women with and without EC, and validated the test in 562 cervicovaginal samples using three different collection methods (cervical smear: n = 248; vaginal swab: n = 63; and self-collection: n = 251) and four different settings (case/control: n = 388; cohort of women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding: n = 63; a cohort of high-risk women with Lynch syndrome: n = 25; and a nested case/control setting from a screening cohort and samples taken up to 3 years before EC diagnosis: n = 86). RESULTS We describe the Women's cancer risk IDentification - quantitative polymerase chain reaction test for Endometrial Cancer (WID-qEC), a three-marker test that evaluates DNA methylation in gene regions of GYPC and ZSCAN12. In cervical, self-collected, and vaginal swab samples derived from symptomatic patients, it detected EC with sensitivities of 97.2% (95% CI, 90.2 to 99.7), 90.1% (83.6 to 94.6), and 100% (63.1 to 100), respectively, and specificities of 75.8% (63.6 to 85.5), 86.7% (79.3 to 92.2), and 89.1% (77.8 to 95.9), respectively. The WID-qEC identified 90.9% (95% CI, 70.8 to 98.9) of EC cases in samples predating diagnosis up to 1 year. Test performance was similar across menopausal status, age, stage, grade, ethnicity, and histology. CONCLUSION The WID-qEC is a noninvasive reliable test for triage of women with symptoms suggestive of ECs. Because of the potential for self-collection, it could improve early diagnosis and reduce the reliance for in-person visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fátima Marín
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Reisel
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Redl
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Schreiberhuber
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelegrina
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Carmona
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Frias-Gomez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pineda
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain,Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain,Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Michael Wong
- University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom,Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam N. Rosenthal
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michal Zikan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Bulovka University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Dostalek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Sundström
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Martin Widschwendter, MD, European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Milser Str 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria; e-mail:
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21
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Coutinho DF, Mundi PS, Marks LJ, Burke C, Ortiz MV, Diolaiti D, Bird L, Vallance KL, Ibáñez G, You D, Long M, Rosales N, Grunn A, Ndengu A, Siddiquee A, Gaviria ES, Rainey AR, Fazlollahi L, Hosoi H, Califano A, Kung AL, Dela Cruz FS. Validation of a non-oncogene encoded vulnerability to exportin 1 inhibition in pediatric renal tumors. MED 2022; 3:774-791.e7. [PMID: 36195086 PMCID: PMC9669237 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) and Wilms' tumors (WTs) are rare and aggressive renal tumors of infants and young children comprising ∼5% of all pediatric cancers. MRTs are among the most genomically stable cancers, and although WTs are genomically heterogeneous, both generally lack therapeutically targetable genetic mutations. METHODS Comparative protein activity analysis of MRTs (n = 68) and WTs (n = 132) across TCGA and TARGET cohorts, using metaVIPER, revealed elevated exportin 1 (XPO1) inferred activity. In vitro studies were performed on a panel of MRT and WT cell lines to evaluate effects on proliferation and cell-cycle progression following treatment with the selective XPO1 inhibitor selinexor. In vivo anti-tumor activity was assessed in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of MRTs and WTs. FINDINGS metaVIPER analysis identified markedly aberrant activation of XPO1 in MRTs and WTs compared with other tumor types. All MRT and most WT cell lines demonstrated baseline, aberrant XPO1 activity with in vitro sensitivity to selinexor via cell-cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. In vivo, XPO1 inhibitors significantly abrogated tumor growth in PDX models, inducing effective disease control with sustained treatment. Corroborating human relevance, we present a case report of a child with multiply relapsed WTs with prolonged disease control on selinexor. CONCLUSIONS We report on a novel systems-biology-based comparative framework to identify non-genetically encoded vulnerabilities in genomically quiescent pediatric cancers. These results have provided preclinical rationale for investigation of XPO1 inhibitors in an upcoming investigator-initiated clinical trial of selinexor in children with MRTs and WTs and offer opportunities for exploration of inferred XPO1 activity as a potential predictive biomarker for response. FUNDING This work was funded by CureSearch for Children's Cancer, Alan B. Slifka Foundation, NIH (U01 CA217858, S10 OD012351, and S10 OD021764), Michael's Miracle Cure, Hyundai Hope on Wheels, Cannonball Kids Cancer, Conquer Cancer the ASCO Foundation, Cycle for Survival, Paulie Strong Foundation, and the Grayson Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Coutinho
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Prabhjot S Mundi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lianna J Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chelsey Burke
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Diolaiti
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lauren Bird
- Cook Children's Hematology and Oncology, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Kelly L Vallance
- Cook Children's Hematology and Oncology, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Glorymar Ibáñez
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daoqi You
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nestor Rosales
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adina Grunn
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andoyo Ndengu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Armaan Siddiquee
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ervin S Gaviria
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Allison R Rainey
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ladan Fazlollahi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Filemon S Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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22
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Gouda MA, Subbiah V. Exportin(g) precision oncology beyond genomics with XPO1 inhibition. MED 2022; 3:730-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Chatsirisupachai K, Lagger C, de Magalhães JP. Age-associated differences in the cancer molecular landscape. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:962-971. [PMID: 35811230 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an age-related disease, as incidence and mortality for most types of cancer increase with age. However, how molecular alterations in tumors differ among patients of different ages remains poorly understood. Recent studies have shed light on the age-associated molecular landscapes in cancer. Here, we summarize the main findings of these current studies, highlighting major differences in the genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and immunological landscapes between cancer in younger and older patients. Importantly, some cancer driver genes are mutated more frequently in younger or older patients. We discuss the potential roles of aging-related processes in shaping these age-related differences in cancer. We further emphasize the remaining unsolved questions that could provide important insights that will have implications in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasit Chatsirisupachai
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Cyril Lagger
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
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24
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Ren P, Dong X, Vijg J. Age-related somatic mutation burden in human tissues. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1018119. [PMID: 36213345 PMCID: PMC9534562 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1018119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genome of multicellular organisms carries the hereditary information necessary for the development of all organs and tissues and to maintain function in adulthood. To ensure the genetic stability of the species, genomes are protected against changes in sequence information. However, genomes are not static. De novo mutations in germline cells are passed on to offspring and generate the variation needed in evolution. Moreover, postzygotic mutations occur in all somatic cells during development and aging. These somatic mutations remain limited to the individual, generating tissues that are genome mosaics. Insight into such mutations and their consequences has been limited due to their extremely low abundance, with most mutations unique for each cell. Recent advances in sequencing, including whole genome sequencing at the single-cell level, have now led to the first insights into somatic mutation burdens in human tissues. Here, we will first briefly describe the latest methodology for somatic mutation analysis, then review our current knowledge of somatic mutation burden in human tissues and, finally, briefly discuss the possible functional impact of somatic mutations on the aging process and age-related diseases, including cancer and diseases other than cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Ren
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Peijun Ren, ; Xiao Dong, ; Jan Vijg, ,
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Peijun Ren, ; Xiao Dong, ; Jan Vijg, ,
| | - Jan Vijg
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Peijun Ren, ; Xiao Dong, ; Jan Vijg, ,
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Rasch MNB, Szabados F, Jensen JMB, Nielsen KO, Hauge EM, Troldborg A. Patients with VEXAS diagnosed in a Danish tertiary rheumatology setting have highly elevated inflammatory markers, macrocytic anaemia and negative autoimmune biomarkers. RMD Open 2022; 8:e002492. [PMID: 38967099 PMCID: PMC9462080 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) is an autoinflammatory condition with overlapping features of rheumatology and haematology caused by somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene. Patients present with highly variable symptoms and their path towards diagnosis are often complicated and characterised by extensive examinations. It is, therefore, pivotal that clinicians become familiar with the clinical presentation of VEXAS to advance identification of patients with the disease. OBJECTIVES We aimed to (1) characterise patients diagnosed with VEXAS in a tertiary rheumatology referral centre, (2) identify common rheumatological biomarkers that may distinguish VEXAS from other rheumatic diseases and (3) suggest which clinical findings should motivate genetic testing for VEXAS. METHODS Patients were identified and diagnosed at the department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Denmark. Blood samples were examined for VEXAS-associated UBA1 variants by Sanger sequencing at the department of Clinical Immunology, AUH. Clinical and biochemical data were retrieved from the hospital electronic patient chart. RESULTS Eleven male patients with clinical suspicion of VEXAS underwent sequencing. Five of these carried known VEXAS-associated variants. Median age at diagnosis was 84 (75-87) years. All patients had significantly elevated inflammatory markers with a median C-reactive protein (CRP) of 297 (196-386) mg/L and macrocytic anaemia. None of the patients presented common biomarkers for autoimmunity. CONCLUSION Danish patients with VEXAS syndrome are men with persistent inflammation, constitutional symptoms and heterogeneous clinical presentations. Shared features for all patients in this study were highly elevated inflammatory markers, macrocytic anaemia and negative autoimmune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fruzsina Szabados
- Rheumatology, Sygehus Vendsyssel i Hjørring, Hjorring, Nordjylland, Denmark
| | - Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Troldborg
- Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rahal Z, Sinjab A, Wistuba II, Kadara H. Game of clones: Battles in the field of carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108251. [PMID: 35850404 PMCID: PMC10249058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bulk sequencing approaches as well as genomic decoding at the single-cell level have revealed surprisingly high somatic mutational burdens in normal tissues, as well as increased our understanding of the landscape of "field cancerization", that is, molecular and immune alterations in mutagen-exposed normal-appearing tissues that recapitulated those present in tumors. Charting the somatic mutational landscapes in normal tissues can have strong implications on our understanding of how tumors arise from mutagenized epithelium. Making sense of those mutations to understand the progression along the pathologic continuum of normal epithelia, preneoplasias, up to malignant tissues will help pave way for identification of ideal targets that can guide new strategies for preventing or eliminating cancers at their earliest stages of development. In this review, we will provide a brief history of field cancerization and its implications on understanding early stages of cancer pathogenesis and deviation from the pathologically "normal" state. The review will provide an overview of how mutations accumulating in normal tissues can lead to a patchwork of mutated cell clones that compete while maintaining an overall state of functional homeostasis. The review also explores the role of clonal competition in directing the fate of normal tissues and summarizes multiple mechanisms elicited in this phenomenon and which have been linked to cancer development. Finally, we highlight the importance of understanding mutations in normal tissues, as well as clonal competition dynamics (in both the epithelium and the microenvironment) and their significance in exploring new approaches to combatting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Rahal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
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Wang G, Zhao M, Li J, Li G, Zheng F, Xu G, Hong X. m7G-Associated subtypes, tumor microenvironment, and validation of prognostic signature in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:954840. [PMID: 36046251 PMCID: PMC9422053 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.954840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 7-Methylguanosine (m7G) is an important posttranscriptional modification that regulates gene expression and is involved in tumorigenesis and development. Tumor microenvironment has been proven to be highly involved in tumor progression and prognosis. However, how m7G-associated genes affect the tumor microenvironment of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be further clarified. Methods: The genetic alterations of m7G-associated genes and their associations with the prognosis and tumor microenvironment in LUAD patients were systemically analyzed. An m7G-Riskscore was established and analyzed for its performance in disease prognosis and association with patient response to immunotherapy. Expression of the model genes at the protein level was investigated through ex vivo experiments. A nomogram was finally obtained based on the m7G-Riskscore and several significant clinical pathological features. Results: m7G-Associated genes were obtained from five LUAD datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases, and their expression pattern was determined. Based on the m7G-associated genes, three LUAD clusters were defined. The differentially expressed genes from the three clusters were screened and used to further divide the LUAD patients into two gene clusters. It was demonstrated that the alterations of m7G-associated genes were associated with the clinical pathological features, prognosis, and tumor immune infiltration in LUAD patients. An m7G-Riskscore including CAND1, RRM2, and SLC2A1 was obtained with robust and accurate prognostic performance. WB and cell immunofluorescence also showed significant dysregulation of CAND1, RRM2, and SLC2A1 in LUAD. In addition, a nomogram was established to improve the clinical feasibility of the m7G-Riskscore. Correlation analysis revealed that patients with a lower m7G-Riskscore had higher immune and stromal scores, responded well to chemotherapeutics and multiple targeted drugs, and survived longer. Patients with a higher m7G-Riskscore tended to suffer from a higher tumor mutation burden. Furthermore, the m7G-Riskscore exhibited significant associations with immune cell infiltration and cancer stemness. Conclusion: This study systemically analyzed m7G-associated genes and identified their potential role in tumor microenvironment and prognosis in patients with LUAD. The findings of the present study may help better understand LUAD from the m7G perspective and also provide a new thought toward the prognosis and treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fukui Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Guanglan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Guanglan Xu, ; Xiaohua Hong,
| | - Xiaohua Hong
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Guanglan Xu, ; Xiaohua Hong,
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Shared genetic and epigenetic changes link aging and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:338-350. [PMID: 35144882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a universal biological process that increases the risk of multiple diseases including cancer. Growing evidence shows that alterations in the genome and epigenome, driven by similar mechanisms, are found in both aged cells and cancer cells. In this review, we detail the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with normal aging and the mechanisms responsible for these changes. By highlighting genetic and epigenetic alterations in the context of tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and the aging tumor microenvironment, we examine the possible impacts of the normal aging process on malignant transformation. Finally, we examine the implications of age-related genetic and epigenetic alterations in both tumors and patients for the treatment of cancer.
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Fornalski KW, Dobrzyński L. Modeling of single cell cancer transformation using phase transition theory: application of the Avrami equation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:169-175. [PMID: 34665303 PMCID: PMC8897338 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-021-00948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth theory, described by the Avrami equation (also called Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation), and usually used to describe crystallization and nucleation processes in condensed matter physics, was applied in the present paper to cancer physics. This can enhance the popular multi-hit model of carcinogenesis to volumetric processes of single cell's DNA neoplastic transformation. The presented approach assumes the transforming system as a DNA chain including many oncogenic mutations. Finally, the probability function of the cell's cancer transformation is directly related to the number of oncogenic mutations. This creates a universal sigmoidal probability function of cancer transformation of single cells, as observed in the kinetics of nucleation and growth, a special case of a phase transition process. The proposed model, which represents a different view on the multi-hit carcinogenesis approach, is tested on clinical data concerning gastric cancer. The results also show that cancer transformation follows DNA fractal geometry.
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Cai XL, Li SJ, Zhang P, Li Z, Hide G, Lai DH, Lun ZR. The Occurrence of Malignancy in Trypanosoma brucei brucei by Rapid Passage in Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:806626. [PMID: 35087505 PMCID: PMC8789148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.806626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei are best known for their tightly controlled cell growth and developmental program, which ensures their transmissibility and host fitness between the mammalian host and insect vector. However, after long-term adaptation in the laboratory or by natural evolution, monomorphic parasites can be derived. The origin of these monomorphic forms is currently unclear. Here, we produced a series of monomorphic trypanosome stocks by artificially syringe-passage in mice, creating snapshots of the transition from pleomorphism to monomorphism. We then compared these artificial monomorphic trypanosomes, alongside several naturally monomorphic T. evansi and T. equiperdum strains, with the pleomorphic T. brucei. In addition to failing to generate stumpy forms in animal bloodstream, we found that monomorphic trypanosomes from laboratory and nature exhibited distinct differentiation patterns, which are reflected by their distinct differentiation potential and transcriptional changes. Lab-adapted monomorphic trypanosomes could still be induced to differentiate, and showed only minor transcriptional differences to that of the pleomorphic slender forms but some accumulated differences were observed as the passages progress. All naturally monomorphic strains completely fail to differentiate, corresponding to their impaired differentiation regulation. We propose that the natural phenomenon of trypanosomal monomorphism is actually a malignant manifestation of protozoal cells. From a disease epidemiological and evolutionary perspective, our results provide evidence for a new way of thinking about the origin of these naturally monomorphic strains, the malignant evolution of trypanosomes may raise some concerns. Additionally, these monomorphic trypanosomes may reflect the quantitative and qualitative changes in the malignant evolution of T. brucei, suggesting that single-celled protozoa may also provide the most primitive model of cellular malignancy, which could be a primitive and inherent biological phenomenon of eukaryotic organisms from protozoans to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Jin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - De-Hua Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li CH, Haider S, Boutros PC. Age influences on the molecular presentation of tumours. Nat Commun 2022; 13:208. [PMID: 35017538 PMCID: PMC8752853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often called a disease of aging. There are numerous ways in which cancer epidemiology and behaviour change with the age of the patient. The molecular bases for these relationships remain largely underexplored. To characterise them, we analyse age-associations in the nuclear and mitochondrial somatic mutational landscape of 20,033 tumours across 35 tumour-types. Age influences both the number of mutations in a tumour (0.077 mutations per megabase per year) and their evolutionary timing. Specific mutational signatures are associated with age, reflecting differences in exogenous and endogenous oncogenic processes such as a greater influence of tobacco use in the tumours of younger patients, but higher activity of DNA damage repair signatures in those of older patients. We find that known cancer driver genes such as CDKN2A and CREBBP are mutated in age-associated frequencies, and these alter the transcriptome and predict for clinical outcomes. These effects are most striking in brain cancers where alterations like SUFU loss and ATRX mutation are age-dependent prognostic biomarkers. Using three cancer datasets, we show that age shapes the somatic mutational landscape of cancer, with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance H Li
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Syed Haider
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Cao Y. Possible relationship between the somatic mutations and the formation of cancers. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225501009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases and has been studied for more than 3 thousand years (earliest records of cancer research is 1500BC). But there are still insufficient number of efficient treatments for cancer. This is a review started with introducing the cancer and somatic mutations by explaining the hallmarks of cancer, followed by, the discussion of few types of mutations, which may be potential targets regarding to the therapeutic treatments. Also, some potential targets related to those mutations are listed, such as, pRb proteins with its two subunits (p130 and p107), reverse transcriptase telomerase (TERT), shelterin complex and so on. The statement “cancer is caused by accumulation of somatic mutations” can be supported by the positive correlation between cancer and age. In addition, some mutations, which have contribution on increasing mutation frequencies, has been proved to be the factors of cancer. For example, xeroderma pigmentosum, mutations on DNA MMR rep air and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. This overview of the relationship between cancer and those somatic mutations, which may provide potentials for further cancer treatments.
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Long-Term Nightshift Work and Breast Cancer Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Special Attention to Menopausal Status and to Recent Nightshift Work. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235952. [PMID: 34885062 PMCID: PMC8657038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review discusses long-term NSW and female BC risk, with special attention to differences between pre- and postmenopausal BC, to test the association with recent NSW. The review follows PRISMA guidelines (Prospero registry: CRD42018102515). We searched PubMed, Embase, and WOS for case-control, nested case-control, and cohort studies addressing long-term NSW (≥15 years) as risk exposure and female BC as outcome until 31 December 2020. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Eighteen studies were finally included (eight cohorts; five nested case-control; five case-control). We performed meta-analyses on long-term NSW and BC risk; overall and by menopausal status; a subanalysis on recent long-term NSW, based on studies involving predominantly women below retirement age; and a dose-response meta-analysis on NSW duration. The pooled estimate for long-term NSW and BC was 1.13 (95%CI = 1.01-1.27; 18 studies, I2 = 56.8%, p = 0.002). BC risk increased 4.7% per 10 years of NSW (95%CI = 0.94-1.09; 16 studies, I2 = 33.4%, p = 0.008). The pooled estimate for premenopausal BC was 1.27 (95%CI = 0.96-1.68; six studies, I2 = 32.0%, p = 0.196) and for postmenopausal BC 1.05 (95%CI = 0.90-1.24,I2 = 52.4%; seven studies, p = 0.050). For recent long-term exposure, the pooled estimate was 1.23 (95%CI = 1.06-1.42; 15 studies; I2 = 48.4%, p = 0.018). Our results indicate that long-term NSW increases the risk for BC and that menopausal status and time since exposure might be relevant.
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Conte E. Targeting monocytes/macrophages in fibrosis and cancer diseases: Therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108031. [PMID: 34774879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over almost 140 years since their identification, the knowledge about macrophages has unbelievably evolved. The 'big eaters' from being thought of as simple phagocytic cells have been recognized as master regulators in immunity, homeostasis, healing/repair and organ development. Long considered to originate exclusively from bone marrow-derived circulating monocytes, macrophages have been also demonstrated to be the first immune cells colonizing tissues in the developing embryo and persisting in adult life by self-renewal, as long-lived tissue resident macrophages. Therefore, heterogeneous populations of macrophages with different ontogeny and functions co-exist in tissues. Macrophages act as sentinels of homeostasis and are intrinsically programmed to lead the wound healing and repair processes that occur after injury. However, in certain pathological circumstances macrophages get dysfunctional, and impaired or aberrant macrophage activities become key features of diseases. For instance, in both fibrosis and cancer, that have been defined 'wounds that do not heal', dysfunctional monocyte-derived macrophages overall play a key detrimental role. On the other hand, due to their plasticity these cells can be 're-educated' and exert anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer functions. Therefore macrophages represent an important therapeutic target in both fibrosis and cancer diseases. The current review will illustrate new insights into the role of monocytes/macrophages in these devastating diseases and summarize new therapeutic strategies and applications of macrophage-targeted drug development in their clinical setting.
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Varkalaite G, Forster M, Franke A, Kupcinskas J, Skieceviciene J. Liquid Biopsy in Gastric Cancer: Analysis of Somatic Cancer Tissue Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA for Predicting Disease State and Patient Survival. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00403. [PMID: 34644276 PMCID: PMC8462609 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis in late stages and high mortality rates are the main issues that require new noninvasive molecular tools. We aimed to assess somatic mutational profiles in GC tissue and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA), evaluate their concordance rate, and analyze the role of multilayer molecular profiling to predict disease state and prognosis. METHODS Treatment-naive GC patient group (n = 29) was selected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of GC tissue was performed, and a unique 38-gene panel for deep targeted sequencing of plasma cfDNA was developed. Oncoproteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other variables such as tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability were evaluated using WES data. RESULTS The yield of cfDNA was increased 43.6-fold; the integrity of fragments was decreased in GC compared with controls. WES analysis of cancerous tissue and plasma cfDNA (targeted sequencing) mutational profiles revealed 47.8% concordance. The increased quantity of GC tissue-derived alterations detected in cfDNA was associated with worse patients' survival. Analysis of importance of multilayer variables and receiver operating characteristic curve showed that combination of 2 analytes: (i) quantity of tissue matching alterations and (ii) presence of any somatic alteration in plasma cfDNA resulted in area under curve 0.744 when discriminating patients with or without distant metastasis. Furthermore, cfDNA sequence alterations derived from tumor tissue were detected in patients who had even relatively small GC tumors (T1-T2). DISCUSSION Our results indicate that quantitative and qualitative cfDNA mutational profile analysis is a promising tool for evaluating GC disease status or poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Varkalaite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Johnson AA, Shokhirev MN. Pan-Tissue Aging Clock Genes That Have Intimate Connections with the Immune System and Age-Related Disease. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:377-389. [PMID: 34486398 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In our recent transcriptomic meta-analysis, we used random forest machine learning to accurately predict age in human blood, bone, brain, heart, and retina tissues given gene inputs. Although each tissue-specific model utilized a unique number of genes for age prediction, we found that the following six genes were prioritized in all five tissues: CHI3L2, CIDEC, FCGR3A, RPS4Y1, SLC11A1, and VTCN1. Since being selected for age prediction in multiple tissues is unique, we decided to explore these pan-tissue clock genes in greater detail. In the present study, we began by performing over-representation and network topology-based enrichment analyses in the Gene Ontology Biological Process database. These analyses revealed that the immunological terms "response to protozoan," "immune response," and "positive regulation of immune system process" were significantly enriched by these clock inputs. Expression analyses in mouse and human tissues identified that these inputs are frequently upregulated or downregulated with age. A detailed literature search showed that all six genes had noteworthy connections to age-related disease. For example, mice deficient in Cidec are protected against various metabolic defects, while suppressing VTCN1 inhibits age-related cancers in mouse models. Using a large multitissue transcriptomic dataset, we additionally generate a novel, minimalistic aging clock that can predict human age using just these six genes as inputs. Taken all together, these six genes are connected to diverse aspects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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Stead ER, Bjedov I. Balancing DNA repair to prevent ageing and cancer. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112679. [PMID: 34102225 PMCID: PMC8361780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is a constant stressor to the cell. Persistent damage to the DNA over time results in an increased risk of mutation and an accumulation of mutations with age. Loss of efficient DNA damage repair can lead to accelerated ageing phenotypes or an increased cancer risk, and the trade-off between cancer susceptibility and longevity is often driven by the cell's response to DNA damage. High levels of mutations in DNA repair mutants often leads to excessive cell death and stem cell exhaustion which may promote premature ageing. Stem cells themselves have distinct characteristics that enable them to retain low mutation rates. However, when mutations do arise, stem cell clonal expansion can also contribute to age-related tissue dysfunction as well as heightened cancer risk. In this review, we will highlight increasing DNA damage and mutation accumulation as hallmarks common to both ageing and cancer. We will propose that anti-ageing interventions might be cancer preventative and discuss the mechanisms through which they may act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Rachel Stead
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivana Bjedov
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London WC1E 6DD, UK; University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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38
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Arezoumandan S, Cai X, Kalkarni P, Davis SA, Wilson K, Ferris CF, Cairns NJ, Gitcho MA. Hippocampal neurobiology and function in an aged mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy in an APP/PSEN1 background. Neurosci Lett 2021; 758:136010. [PMID: 34090937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia worldwide. TDP-43 proteinopathy is reported to be associated with AD pathology is almost 50% of cases. Our exploratory study examined near end-stage (28 months old) mice selectively driving expression of human TDP-43 in the hippocampus and cortex in an APP/PSEN1 background. We hypothesized that hippocampal neuropathology caused by β-amyloidosis with TDP-43 proteinopathy induced in this model, resembling the pathology seen in AD cases, manifest with changes in resting state functional connectivity. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem histology were performed on four genotypes: wild type, APP/PSEN1, Camk2a/TDP-43, and Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1. Our results revealed loss of functional coupling in hippocampus and amygdala that was associated with severe neuronal loss in dentate gyrus of Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to APP/PSEN1 and wild type mice. The loss of cells was accompanied by high background of β-amyloid plaques with sparse phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology. The survival rate was also reduced in Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to other groups. This end-of-life study provides exploratory data to reach a better understanding of the role of TDP-43 hippocampal neuropathology in diseases with co-pathologies of TDP-43 proteinopathy and β-amyloidosis such as AD and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Kalkarni
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephani A Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Katherine Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael A Gitcho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
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Chatsirisupachai K, Lesluyes T, Paraoan L, Van Loo P, de Magalhães JP. An integrative analysis of the age-associated multi-omic landscape across cancers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2345. [PMID: 33879792 PMCID: PMC8058097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, as cancer incidence and mortality increase with age. However, how molecular alterations in tumours differ among patients of different age remains largely unexplored. Here, using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we comprehensively characterise genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in relation to patients' age across cancer types. We show that tumours from older patients present an overall increase in genomic instability, somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) and somatic mutations. Age-associated SCNAs and mutations are identified in several cancer-driver genes across different cancer types. The largest age-related genomic differences are found in gliomas and endometrial cancer. We identify age-related global transcriptomic changes and demonstrate that these genes are in part regulated by age-associated DNA methylation changes. This study provides a comprehensive, multi-omics view of age-associated alterations in cancer and underscores age as an important factor to consider in cancer research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasit Chatsirisupachai
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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40
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Morimoto M, Taniguchi K, Yamamoto O, Naka T, Sugitani A, Fujiwara Y. Evaluation of Blood Supply with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Resection for Concurrent Gastric and Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Report. Yonago Acta Med 2021; 64:133-136. [PMID: 33642914 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a rare case of concurrent resection of pancreatic and gastric cancer in which indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence was used to evaluate the remnant stomach. An 80-year-old man was referred with a tumor in the distal pancreas. Computed tomography showed a 25-mm mass in the pancreatic tail; endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration revealed adenocarcinoma. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and subsequent upper gastrointestinal series revealed advanced gastric cancer in the mid-stomach. Concurrent resection of the pancreatic and gastric tumors was performed. After distal pancreatectomy and distal gastrectomy, ICG evaluation of the stomach showed fluorescence extending only 3 cm distal from the cardia. To avoid ischemic change at the remnant stomach, total gastrectomy was performed. Since remnant gastric necrosis and anastomotic leak following ischemia can lead to fatal outcomes, the use of ICG to evaluate blood supply at anastomotic sites can help determine the extent of safe resection in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Morimoto
- National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago 683-0006, Japan and.,Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Taniguchi
- National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago 683-0006, Japan and
| | - Osamu Yamamoto
- National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago 683-0006, Japan and
| | - Takuji Naka
- National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago 683-0006, Japan and
| | - Atsushi Sugitani
- National Hospital Organization Yonago Medical Center, Yonago 683-0006, Japan and
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujiwara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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41
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Guo SW. Cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis: shedding light on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:423-449. [PMID: 32154564 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynaecological disease. Thus, it came as a complete surprise when it was reported recently that the majority of deep endometriosis lesions harbour somatic mutations and a sizeable portion of them contain known cancer-associated mutations (CAMs). Four more studies have since been published, all demonstrating the existence of CAMs in different subtypes of endometriosis. While the field is still evolving, the confirmation of CAMs has raised many questions that were previously overlooked. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE A comprehensive overview of CAMs in endometriosis has been produced. In addition, with the recently emerged understanding of the natural history of endometriotic lesions as well as CAMs in normal and apparently healthy tissues, this review attempts to address the following questions: Why has there been such a wild discrepancy in reported mutation frequencies? Why does ectopic endometrium have a higher mutation rate than that of eutopic endometrium? Would the presence of CAMs in endometriotic lesions increase the risk of cancer to the bearers? Why do endometriotic epithelial cells have much higher mutation frequencies than their stromal counterpart? What clinical implications, if any, do the CAMs have for the bearers? Do these CAMs tell us anything about the pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology of endometriosis? SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was searched, from its inception to September 2019, for all papers in English using the term 'endometriosis and CAM', 'endometriosis and cancer-driver mutation', 'somatic mutations', 'fibrosis', 'fibrosis and epigenetic', 'CAMs and tumorigenesis', 'somatic mutation and normal tissues', 'oestrogen receptor and fibrosis', 'oxidative stress and fibrosis', 'ARID1A mutation', and 'Kirsten rat sarcoma mutation and therapeutics'. All retrieved papers were read and, when relevant, incorporated into the review results. OUTCOMES Seven papers that identified CAMs in endometriosis using various sequencing methods were retrieved, and their results were somewhat different. Yet, it is apparent that those using microdissection techniques and more accurate sequencing methods found more CAMs, echoing recent discoveries that apparently healthy tissues also harbour CAMs as a result of the replicative aging process. Hence endometriotic lesions, irrespective of subtype, if left intact, would generate CAMs as part of replicative aging, oxidative stress and perhaps other factors yet to be identified and, in some rare cases, develop cancer. The published data still are unable to paint a clear picture on pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, since endometriotic epithelial cells have a higher turnover than their stromal counterpart due to cyclic bleeding, and since the endometriotic stromal component can be formed by refresh influx of mesenchymal cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and other processes as well as recruitment of bone-marrow-derived stem cells and outflow due to smooth muscle metaplasia, endometriotic epithelial cells have much higher mutation frequencies than their stromal counterpart. The epithelial and stromal cellular components develop in a dependent and co-evolving manner. Genes involved in CAMs are likely to be active players in lesional fibrogenesis, and hyperestrogenism and oxidative stress are likely drivers of both CAMs and fibrogenesis. Finally, endometriotic lesions harbouring CAMs would conceivably be more refractory to medical treatment, due, in no small part, to their high fibrotic content and reduced vascularity and cellularity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The accumulating data on CAMs in endometriosis have shed new light on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. They also suggest new challenges in management. The distinct yet co-evolving developmental trajectories of endometriotic stroma and epithelium underscore the importance of the lesional microenvironment and ever-changing cellular identity. Mutational profiling of normal endometrium from women of different ages and reproductive history is needed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis. Moreover, one area that has conspicuously received scant attention is the epigenetic landscape of ectopic, eutopic and normal endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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42
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Yin LX, Van Abel KM, Rooker SA, Nagelschneider AA, Olsen KD, Price DL, Janus JR, Kasperbauer JL, Moore EJ. Risk factors for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in patients presenting with recurrence after resection of pleomorphic adenoma. Head Neck 2020; 43:419-427. [PMID: 33043539 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients presenting with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (rPA), clinical evaluation can fail to recognize carcinoma ex PA (cxPA). We aim to identify the risk factors for cxPA. METHODS This is a single institution retrospective case-control study from 2000 to 2015. CxPA was diagnosed based on surgical pathology. Demographics, clinical, and social histories were collected. RESULTS A number of 13/106 (12.3%) patients were diagnosed with cxPA, of which only 4/13 (31%) had clinical features suspicious for malignancy. Compared to benign rPA, factors associated with cxPA included age >50 (odds ratio [OR] 6.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71-25.98, P < .01), >10 pack-years of smoking history (OR 3.36, 95% CI: 1.01-11.14, P = .04), and the largest tumor being >2 cm on pathology (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.14-17.10, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS In patients presenting with rPA, risk factors for malignant transformation include age >50, significant smoking history, and tumors larger than 2 cm. Clinical signs of malignancy such as rapid growth or pain are not always present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda X Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn M Van Abel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven A Rooker
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kerry D Olsen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Price
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Janus
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jan L Kasperbauer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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43
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Gutman D, Lidzbarsky G, Milman S, Gao T, Sin-Chan P, Gonzaga‐Jauregui C, Deelen J, Shuldiner AR, Barzilai N, Atzmon G. Similar burden of pathogenic coding variants in exceptionally long-lived individuals and individuals without exceptional longevity. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13216. [PMID: 32860726 PMCID: PMC7576295 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centenarians (exceptionally long‐lived individuals—ELLI) are a unique segment of the population, exhibiting long human lifespan and healthspan, despite generally practicing similar lifestyle habits as their peers. We tested disease‐associated mutation burden in ELLI genomes by determining the burden of pathogenic variants reported in the ClinVar and HGMD databases using data from whole exome sequencing (WES) conducted in a cohort of ELLI, their offspring, and control individuals without antecedents of familial longevity (n = 1879), all descendent from the founder population of Ashkenazi Jews. The burden of pathogenic variants did not differ between the three groups. Additional analyses of variants subtypes and variant effect predictor (VEP) biotype frequencies did not reveal a decrease of pathogenic or loss‐of‐function (LoF) variants in ELLI and offspring compared to the control group. Case–control pathogenic variants enrichment analyses conducted in ELLI and controls also did not identify significant differences in any of the variants between the groups and polygenic risk scores failed to provide a predictive model. Interestingly, cancer and Alzheimer's disease‐associated variants were significantly depleted in ELLI compared to controls, suggesting slower accumulation of mutation. That said, polygenic risk score analysis failed to find any predictive variants among the functional variants tested. The high similarity in the burden of pathogenic variation between ELLI and individuals without familial longevity supports the notion that extension of lifespan and healthspan in ELLI is not a consequence of pathogenic variant depletion but rather a result of other genomic, epigenomic, or potentially nongenomic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gutman
- Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | | | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | | | | | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Department of Biochemical Data Sciences Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
- Genetic, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
- Genetic, Institute for Aging Research and the Diabetes Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
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Jung C, Evans MA, Walsh K. Genetics of age-related clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:219-225. [PMID: 32073406 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While advanced age is the major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), we have a poor understanding of how aging promotes the progression of this disease. Recent evidence suggests that the age-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells may represent a new causal risk factor for ASCVD. RECENT FINDINGS A hallmark of aging is the accumulation of somatic DNA mutations in all tissues of the body. Accordingly, evidence shows that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells accumulate somatic mutations as a function of age in nonsymptomatic individuals. When these mutations occur in driver genes that provide a selective advantage to the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, they undergo a clonal expansion and progressively give rise to blood leukocytes that harbor these mutations. This phenomenon, referred to as clonal hematopoiesis, has been associated with the increased risk of mortality, hematologic malignancy, ASCVD, and related diseases. Notably, many individuals exhibiting clonal hematopoiesis carry single 'driver' mutations in preleukemic genes including DNA methyltransferase 3a, ten-eleven translocation 2, additional sex combs like 1, and Janus kinase 2. Experimental studies show that these mutations in some of these genes can alter the inflammatory properties of the leukocyte and contribute to the pathogenesis of ASCVD. SUMMARY We review recent epidemiological and experimental findings on the association between age-related clonal hematopoiesis and ASCVD by focusing on prevalent driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Jung
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Megan A Evans
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Cawthon RM, Meeks HD, Sasani TA, Smith KR, Kerber RA, O'Brien E, Baird L, Dixon MM, Peiffer AP, Leppert MF, Quinlan AR, Jorde LB. Germline mutation rates in young adults predict longevity and reproductive lifespan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10001. [PMID: 32561805 PMCID: PMC7305191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing may be due to mutation accumulation across the lifespan, leading to tissue dysfunction, disease, and death. We tested whether germline autosomal mutation rates in young adults predict their remaining survival, and, for women, their reproductive lifespans. Age-adjusted mutation rates (AAMRs) in 61 women and 61 men from the Utah CEPH (Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain) families were determined. Age at death, cause of death, all-site cancer incidence, and reproductive histories were provided by the Utah Population Database, Utah Cancer Registry, and Utah Genetic Reference Project. Higher AAMRs were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality in both sexes combined. Subjects in the top quartile of AAMRs experienced more than twice the mortality of bottom quartile subjects (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.56; p = 0.008; median survival difference = 4.7 years). Fertility analyses were restricted to women whose age at last birth (ALB) was ≥ 30 years, the age when fertility begins to decline. Women with higher AAMRs had significantly fewer live births and a younger ALB. Adult germline mutation accumulation rates are established in adolescence, and later menarche in women is associated with delayed mutation accumulation. We conclude that germline mutation rates in healthy young adults may provide a measure of both reproductive and systemic ageing. Puberty may induce the establishment of adult mutation accumulation rates, just when DNA repair systems begin their lifelong decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Huong D Meeks
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas A Sasani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Richard A Kerber
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Elizabeth O'Brien
- Department of Health Management & Systems Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Melissa M Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Andreas P Peiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mark F Leppert
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,USTAR Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Mavrogonatou E, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D. The role of senescence in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shindyapina AV, Zenin AA, Tarkhov AE, Santesmasses D, Fedichev PO, Gladyshev VN. Germline burden of rare damaging variants negatively affects human healthspan and lifespan. eLife 2020; 9:e53449. [PMID: 32254024 PMCID: PMC7314550 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritability of human lifespan is 23-33% as evident from twin studies. Genome-wide association studies explored this question by linking particular alleles to lifespan traits. However, genetic variants identified so far can explain only a small fraction of lifespan heritability in humans. Here, we report that the burden of rarest protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in two large cohorts is negatively associated with human healthspan and lifespan, accounting for 0.4 and 1.3 years of their variability, respectively. In addition, longer-living individuals possess both fewer rarest PTVs and less damaging PTVs. We further estimated that somatic accumulation of PTVs accounts for only a small fraction of mortality and morbidity acceleration and hence is unlikely to be causal in aging. We conclude that rare damaging mutations, both inherited and accumulated throughout life, contribute to the aging process, and that burden of ultra-rare variants in combination with common alleles better explain apparent heritability of human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandr A Zenin
- Gero LLCMoscowRussian Federation
- The Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Andrei E Tarkhov
- Gero LLCMoscowRussian Federation
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation CenterMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Peter O Fedichev
- Gero LLCMoscowRussian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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48
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Ruan Y, Wang H, Chen B, Wen H, Wu CI. Mutations Beget More Mutations-Rapid Evolution of Mutation Rate in Response to the Risk of Runaway Accumulation. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:1007-1019. [PMID: 31778175 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidity with which the mutation rate evolves could greatly impact evolutionary patterns. Nevertheless, most studies simply assume a constant rate in the time scale of interest (Kimura 1983; Drake 1991; Kumar 2005; Li 2007; Lynch 2010). In contrast, recent studies of somatic mutations suggest that the mutation rate may vary by several orders of magnitude within a lifetime (Kandoth et al. 2013; Lawrence et al. 2013). To resolve the discrepancy, we now propose a runaway model, applicable to both the germline and soma, whereby mutator mutations form a positive-feedback loop. In this loop, any mutator mutation would increase the rate of acquiring the next mutator, thus triggering a runaway escalation in mutation rate. The process can be initiated more readily if there are many weak mutators than a few strong ones. Interestingly, even a small increase in the mutation rate at birth could trigger the runaway process, resulting in unfit progeny. In slowly reproducing species, the need to minimize the risk of this uncontrolled accumulation would thus favor setting the mutation rate low. In comparison, species that starts and ends reproduction sooner do not face the risk and may set the baseline mutation rate higher. The mutation rate would evolve in response to the risk of runaway mutation, in particular, when the generation time changes. A rapidly evolving mutation rate may shed new lights on many evolutionary phenomena (Elango et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2010, 2018; Langergraber et al. 2012; Besenbacher et al. 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chung-I Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Clinical-genomic Characterization Unveils More Aggressive Disease Features in Elderly Prostate Cancer Patients with Low-grade Disease. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 7:797-806. [PMID: 32156491 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 20% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PC) are ≥75 yr old. More objective disease-specific indices for predicting outcomes beyond chronological age are necessary. OBJECTIVE To analyze age-related differences in clinical-genomic prognostic features of aggressiveness in localized PC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study reported the use of the Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) guidelines. Clinical-genomic data of patients who underwent a prostate biopsy or radical prostatectomy (RP) were obtained from the Decipher Genomic Resource Information Database (NCT02609269). INTERVENTION Our analyses focused on the 22-gene Decipher genomic classifier (GC) and 50-gene (PAM50) models in the biopsy and RP cohorts stratified by age. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary endpoint was the impact of age on GC scores and PAM50 molecular subtypes. Prognostic indices including Decipher GC scores, PAM50 molecular subtypes, National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk categories, and ISUP grade groups (IGGs) were stratified by age using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Within histological low-risk IGGs, there were a higher proportion of patients with high-risk Decipher biopsy scores with age (age <60 yr: 10.1% IGG 1 and 29.9% IGG 2 vs age ≥80 yr: 22% IGG 1 and 37.7% IGG 2). The prevalence of the adverse phenotype luminal B (PAM50-defined) increased with age (age <60 yr: 22.7% and 40.2% vs age ≥80 yr: 29.7% and 49.1%, in patients with IGG 1 and IGG 2, respectively). In IGGs 3-5, no age differences were observed. Multivariable models demonstrated that each age decile entailed a 19% (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.29, p < 0.001) and a 10% (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.05-1.16) increased probability for a high-risk Decipher biopsy and RP score, respectively. Aside from an obvious selection bias, data on race, family history, prostate volume, and long-term follow-up outcomes were unavailable. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that elderly men with favorable pathology (IGG 1-2), might harbor more aggressive disease than younger patients based on validated GC scores. PATIENT SUMMARY The presented clinical-genomic data demonstrate that elderly patients with low-risk prostate cancer might harbor more aggressive disease than their younger counterparts. This suggests that standard well-accepted paradigm of elderly prostate cancer patients not being aggressively treated, based solely on their chronological age, might need to be reconsidered.
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Im SW, Sung CO, Kim KS, Cho NH, Kim YM, Kwon GY, Moon KC, Choi SY, Lim JS, Choi YJ, Jung SJ, Lim SD, Paick SH, Lee OJ, Kang HW, Rha SH, Hwang HS, Park JM, Yoon SY, Chae J, Choi J, Kim JI, Cho YM. Genomic Landscape of Young-Onset Bladder Cancer and Its Prognostic Implications on Adult Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E307. [PMID: 32012866 PMCID: PMC7073191 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rare occurrence of young-onset bladder cancer (YBC), its genomic characteristics remain largely unknown. Twenty-nine biopsy-proven YBC cases were collected using a nation-wide search for bladder cancer diagnosed at 20 years or younger. Whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were carried out in 21 and 11 cases, respectively, and compared with those of adult bladder cancer (ABC) cases obtained from public databases. Almost all YBCs were low grade, non-invasive papillary tumors. YBC had a low mutation burden and less complex copy number alterations. All cases harbored putative driver mutations. Mutations were most commonly found in HRAS (10 cases), with a preference for exon 5. FGFR3 gene fusions were noted with various partner genes (7 cases). The alterations on HRAS and FGFR3 occurred in a mutually exclusive manner. Others included KRAS mutations (2 cases), chromosomes 4p and 10q arm-level deletions (1 case), and ERCC2 mutation (1 case). There were no point mutations in TP53 and FGFR3. The gene expression profiles of YBC were similar to those of the ABC group with good prognosis. None of the YBCs and ABCs with YBC-like mutations showed progression to muscle-invasive tumors. Our results suggest that bladder cancer with YBC-like mutations represents an indolent bladder tumor, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wha Im
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.O.S.); (H.S.H.)
| | - Kun Suk Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei Medical University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Song-Yi Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Urology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Yeong Jin Choi
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Soo Jin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Seoul 47392, Korea;
| | - So Dug Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Paick
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Seo Hee Rha
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Hee Sang Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.O.S.); (H.S.H.)
| | - Ja-Min Park
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (S.Y.Y.)
| | - Jeesoo Chae
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.C.); (J.C.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (C.O.S.); (H.S.H.)
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