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Pan J, Tong F, Ren N, Ren L, Yang Y, Gao F, Xu Q. Role of N 6‑methyladenosine in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:88. [PMID: 38757383 PMCID: PMC11110010 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects males of all racial and ethnic groups, and leads to higher rates of mortality in those belonging to a lower socioeconomic status due to the late detection of the disease. PCa affects middle‑aged males between the ages of 45 and 60 years, and is the highest cause of cancer‑associated mortality in Western countries. As the most abundant and common mRNA modification in higher eukaryotes, N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) is widely distributed in mammalian cells and influences various aspects of mRNA metabolism. Recent studies have found that abnormal expression levels of various m6A regulators significantly affect the development and progression of various types of cancer, including PCa. The present review discusses the influence of m6A regulatory factors on the pathogenesis and progression of PCa through mRNA modification based on the current state of research on m6A methylation modification in PCa. It is considered that the treatment of PCa with micro‑molecular drugs that target the epigenetics of the m6A regulator to correct abnormal m6A modifications is a direction for future research into current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Lanqi Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Yibei Yang
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Urology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoping Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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2
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Sorvina A, Martini C, Prabhakaran S, Logan JM, S-Y Ung B, Moore C, Johnson IRD, Lazniewska J, Tewari P, Malone V, Brooks RD, Hickey SM, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry on intraductal carcinoma of the prostate provides evidence of retrograde spread. Pathology 2023; 55:792-799. [PMID: 37422404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP) correlates with late-stage disease and poor outcomes for patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, but the accurate and reliable staging of disease severity remains challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been utilised to overcome problems in assessing IDCP morphology, but the current markers have only demonstrated limited utility in characterising the complex biology of this lesion. In a retrospective study of a cohort of patients who had been diagnosed with IDCP, we utilised IHC on radical prostatectomy sections with a biomarker panel of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1, to interpret different architectural patterns and to explore the theory that IDCP occurs from retrograde spread of high-grade invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cribriform IDCP displayed strong Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 labelling patterns, while solid IDCP architecture had high intensity Appl1 and Syndecan-1 labelling, but minimal Sortilin labelling. Notably, the expression pattern of the biomarker panel in regions of IDCP was similar to that of adjacent invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma, and also comparable to prostate cancer showing perineural and vascular invasion. The Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 biomarker panel in IDCP provides evidence for the model of retrograde spread of invasive prostatic carcinoma into ducts/acini, and supports the inclusion of IDCP into the five-tier Gleason grading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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3
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Prabhakaran S, Ung BSY, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Brooks RD, Caruso MC, Klebe S, Karageorgos L, O'Leary JJ, Delahunt B, Samaratunga H, Brooks DA. Distinct patterns of biomarker expression for atypical intraductal proliferations in prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03643-1. [PMID: 37704825 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a well-characterised precursor lesion in prostate cancer. The term atypical intraductal proliferations (AIP) describes lesions with features that are far too atypical to be considered HGPIN, yet insufficient to be diagnosed as intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP). Here, a panel of biomarkers was assessed to provide insights into the biological relationship between IDCP, HGPIN, and AIP and their relevance to current clinicopathological recommendations. Tissue samples from 86 patients with prostate cancer were assessed by routine haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a biomarker panel (Appl1/Sortilin/Syndecan-1) and a PIN4 cocktail (34βE12+P63/P504S). Appl1 strongly labelled atypical secretory cells, effectively visualising intraductal lesions. Sortilin labelling was moderate-to-strong in > 70% of cases, while Syndecan-1 was moderate-to-strong in micropapillary HGPIN/AIP lesions (83% cases) versus flat/tufting HGPIN (≤ 20% cases). Distinct biomarker labelling patterns for atypical intraductal lesions of the prostate were observed, including early atypical changes (flat/tufting HGPIN) and more advanced atypical changes (micropapillary HGPIN/AIP). Furthermore, the biomarker panel may be used as a tool to overcome the diagnostic uncertainty surrounding AIP by supporting a definitive diagnosis of IDCP for such lesions displaying the same biomarker pattern as cribriform IDCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Lazniewska J, Li KL, Johnson IRD, Sorvina A, Logan JM, Martini C, Moore C, Ung BSY, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Prabhakaran S, Heatlie JK, Brooks RD, Huzzell C, Warnock NI, Ward MP, Mohammed B, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Edgerton LB, Bates M, Moretti P, Pitson SM, Selemidis S, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Dynamic interplay between sortilin and syndecan-1 contributes to prostate cancer progression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13489. [PMID: 37596305 PMCID: PMC10439187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression relies on the programming of glucose and lipid metabolism, and this involves alterations in androgen receptor expression and signalling. Defining the molecular mechanism that underpins this metabolic programming will have direct significance for patients with PCa who have a poor prognosis. Here we show that there is a dynamic balance between sortilin and syndecan-1, that reports on different metabolic phenotypes. Using tissue microarrays, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that sortilin was highly expressed in low-grade cancer, while syndecan-1 was upregulated in high-grade disease. Mechanistic studies in prostate cell lines revealed that in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, sortilin enhanced glucose metabolism by regulating GLUT1 and GLUT4, while binding progranulin and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to limit lipid metabolism. In contrast, in androgen-insensitive PC3 cells, syndecan-1 was upregulated, interacted with LPL and colocalised with β3 integrin to promote lipid metabolism. In addition, androgen-deprived LNCaP cells had decreased expression of sortilin and reduced glucose-metabolism, but increased syndecan-1 expression, facilitating interactions with LPL and possibly β3 integrin. We report a hitherto unappreciated molecular mechanism for PCa, which may have significance for disease progression and how androgen-deprivation therapy might promote castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nicholas I Warnock
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Paul Moretti
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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5
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Sun Z, Chen X, Huang X, Wu Y, Shao L, Zhou S, Zheng Z, Lin Y, Chen S. Cuproptosis and Immune-Related Gene Signature Predicts Immunotherapy Response and Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1583. [PMID: 37511958 PMCID: PMC10381686 DOI: 10.3390/life13071583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuproptosis and associated immune-related genes (IRG) have been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, their effects on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the impact of cuproptosis-associated IRGs on the immunotherapy response and prognosis of LUAD using a bioinformatical approach and in vitro experiments analyzing clinical samples. Using the cuproptosis-associated IRG signature, we classified LUAD into two subtypes, cluster 1 and cluster 2, and identified three key cuproptosis-associated IRGs, NRAS, TRAV38-2DV8, and SORT1. These three genes were employed to establish a risk model and nomogram, and to classify the LUAD cohort into low- and high-risk subgroups. Biofunctional annotation revealed that cluster 2, remarkably downregulating epigenetic, stemness, and proliferation pathways activity, had a higher overall survival (OS) and immunoinfiltration abundance compared to cluster 1. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validated the differential expression of these three genes in both subgroups. scRNA-seq demonstrated elevated expression of NRAS and SORT1 in macrophages. Immunity and oncogenic and stromal activation pathways were dramatically enriched in the low-risk subgroup, and patients in this subgroup responded better to immunotherapy. Our data suggest that the cuproptosis-associated IRG signature can be used to effectively predict the immunotherapy response and prognosis in LUAD. Our work provides enlightenment for immunotherapy response assessment, prognosis prediction, and the development of potential prognostic biomarkers for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Sun
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiujing Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoning Huang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanfen Wu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Shao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Suna Zhou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhu Zheng
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yiguang Lin
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Research & Development Division, Guangzhou Anjie Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Size Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Esophageal Cancer Precision Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510080, China
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6
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Butler LM, Evergren E. Ultrastructural analysis of prostate cancer tissue provides insights into androgen-dependent adaptations to membrane contact site establishment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217741. [PMID: 37529692 PMCID: PMC10389664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking and organelle contact sites are important for regulating cell metabolism and survival; processes often deregulated in cancer. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the developed world. While early-stage disease is curable by surgery or radiotherapy there is an unmet need to identify prognostic biomarkers, markers to treatment response and new therapeutic targets in intermediate-late stage disease. This study explored the morphology of organelles and membrane contact sites in tumor tissue from normal, low and intermediate histological grade groups. The morphology of organelles in secretory prostate epithelial cells; including Golgi apparatus, ER, lysosomes; was similar in prostate tissue samples across a range of Gleason scores. Mitochondrial morphology was not dramatically altered, but the number of membrane contacts with the ER notably increased with disease progression. A three-fold increase of tight mitochondria-ER membrane contact sites was observed in the intermediate Gleason score group compared to normal tissue. To investigate whether these changes were concurrent with an increased androgen signaling in the tissue, we investigated whether an anti-androgen used in the clinic to treat advanced prostate cancer (enzalutamide) could reverse the phenotype. Patient-derived explant tissues with an intermediate Gleason score were cultured ex vivo in the presence or absence of enzalutamide and the number of ER-mitochondria contacts were quantified for each matched pair of tissues. Enzalutamide treated tissue showed a significant reduction in the number and length of mitochondria-ER contact sites, suggesting a novel androgen-dependent regulation of these membrane contact sites. This study provides evidence for the first time that prostate epithelial cells undergo adaptations in membrane contact sites between mitochondria and the ER during prostate cancer progression. These adaptations are androgen-dependent and provide evidence for a novel hormone-regulated mechanism that support establishment and extension of MAMs. Future studies will determine whether these changes are required to maintain pro-proliferative signaling and metabolic changes that support prostate cancer cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma Evergren
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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7
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Logan JM, Hopkins AM, Martini C, Sorvina A, Tewari P, Prabhakaran S, Huzzell C, Johnson IRD, Hickey SM, Ung BSY, Lazniewska J, Brooks RD, Moore CR, Caruso MC, Karageorgos L, Martin CM, O'Toole S, Bogue Edgerton L, Ward MP, Bates M, Selemidis S, Esterman A, Heffernan S, Keegan H, Ní Mhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Clarke A, Brady N, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Sorich MJ, Moretti K, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Prediction of Prostate Cancer Biochemical and Clinical Recurrence Is Improved by IHC-Assisted Grading Using Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3215. [PMID: 37370825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gleason scoring is used within a five-tier risk stratification system to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with prostate cancer. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of routine H&E or biomarker-assisted ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grade grouping for assessing the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR) in patients with prostate cancer. This retrospective study was an assessment of 114 men with prostate cancer who provided radical prostatectomy samples to the Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource between 2006 and 2014. The prediction of CR was the primary outcome (median time to CR 79.8 months), and BCR was assessed as a secondary outcome (median time to BCR 41.7 months). The associations of (1) H&E ISUP grade groups and (2) modified ISUP grade groups informed by the Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) labelling were modelled with BCR and CR using Cox proportional hazard approaches. IHC-assisted grading was more predictive than H&E for BCR (C-statistic 0.63 vs. 0.59) and CR (C-statistic 0.71 vs. 0.66). On adjusted analysis, IHC-assisted ISUP grading was independently associated with both outcome measures. IHC-assisted ISUP grading using the biomarker panel was an independent predictor of individual BCR and CR. Prospective studies are needed to further validate this biomarker technology and to define BCR and CR associations in real-world cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney R Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cara M Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Ní Mhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, D08 XW7X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Hemamali Samaratunga
- Aquesta Uropathology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Kim Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Bradley Building, City West Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Kiełb P, Kowalczyk K, Gurwin A, Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Sosnowski R, Szydełko T, Małkiewicz B. Novel Histopathological Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Implications and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1552. [PMID: 37371647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Despite the significant progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment over the last few years, the approach to disease detection and therapy still does not include histopathological biomarkers. The dissemination of PCa is strictly related to the creation of a premetastatic niche, which can be detected by altered levels of specific biomarkers. To date, the risk factors for biochemical recurrence include lymph node status, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), body mass index (BMI), pathological Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension, and intraductal carcinoma. In the future, biomarkers might represent another prognostic factor, as discussed in many studies. In this review, we focus on histopathological biomarkers (particularly CD169 macrophages, neuropilin-1, cofilin-1, interleukin-17, signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3), LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), CD15, AMACR, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), Appl1, Sortilin, Syndecan-1, and p63) and their potential application in decision making regarding the prognosis and treatment of PCa patients. We refer to studies that found a correlation between the levels of biomarkers and tumor characteristics as well as clinical outcomes. We also hypothesize about the potential use of histopathological markers as a target for novel immunotherapeutic drugs or targeted radionuclide therapy, which may be used as adjuvant therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kiełb
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kowalczyk
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Gurwin
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowak
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roman Sosnowski
- Department of Urogenital Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Gordon C, Beck AR, S-Y Ung B, Caruso MC, Moore C, Hocking A, Johnson IRD, Li KL, Karageorgos L, Hopkins AM, Esterman AJ, Huzzell C, Brooks RD, Lazniewska J, Hickey SM, Bader C, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Weigert R, Sorich MJ, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Bates M, Ward M, Mohammed B, Keegan H, Watson W, Prendergast S, Heffernan S, NiMhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Brady N, Clarke A, Sokol F, Prabhakaran S, Stahl J, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Selemidis S, Moretti KL, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Aberrant protein expression of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 during the biological progression of prostate cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:40-51. [PMID: 36089417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and assessment of patients with prostate cancer is dependent on accurate interpretation and grading of histopathology. However, morphology does not necessarily reflect the complex biological changes occurring in prostate cancer disease progression, and current biomarkers have demonstrated limited clinical utility in patient assessment. This study aimed to develop biomarkers that accurately define prostate cancer biology by distinguishing specific pathological features that enable reliable interpretation of pathology for accurate Gleason grading of patients. Online gene expression databases were interrogated and a pathogenic pathway for prostate cancer was identified. The protein expression of key genes in the pathway, including adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (Appl1), Sortilin and Syndecan-1, was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a pilot study of 29 patients with prostate cancer, using monoclonal antibodies designed against unique epitopes. Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 expression was first assessed in a tissue microarray cohort of 112 patient samples, demonstrating that the monoclonal antibodies clearly illustrate gland morphologies. To determine the impact of a novel IHC-assisted interpretation (the utility of Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 labelling as a panel) of Gleason grading, versus standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Gleason grade assignment, a radical prostatectomy sample cohort comprising 114 patients was assessed. In comparison to H&E, the utility of the biomarker panel reduced subjectivity in interpretation of prostate cancer tissue morphology and improved the reliability of pathology assessment, resulting in Gleason grade redistribution for 41% of patient samples. Importantly, for equivocal IHC-assisted labelling and H&E staining results, the cancer morphology interpretation could be more accurately applied upon re-review of the H&E tissue sections. This study addresses a key issue in the field of prostate cancer pathology by presenting a novel combination of three biomarkers and has the potential to transform clinical pathology practice by standardising the interpretation of the tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colin Gordon
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Hocking
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian J Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christie Bader
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Weigert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Watson
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Prendergast
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah NiMhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Filip Sokol
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Department of Cytopathology and Histopathology, Clinpath Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kim L Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Guan F, Ding Y, He Y, Li L, Yang X, Wang C, Hu M. Involvement of adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 in diallyl trisulfide-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:457-468. [PMID: 36302621 PMCID: PMC9614402 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.6.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that APPL1 (adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1) is involved in the regulation of several growth-related signaling pathways and thus closely associated with the development and progression of some cancers. Diallyl trisulfide (DAT), a garlic-derived bioactive compound, exerts selective cytotoxicity to various human cancer cells through interfering with pro-survival signaling pathways. However, whether and how DAT affects survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unclear. Herein, we tested the hypothesis of the involvement of APPL1 in DAT-induced cytotoxicity in HCC HepG2 cells. We found that Lys 63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination of APPL1 was significantly decreased whereas phosphorylation of APPL1 at serine residues remained unchanged in DAT-treated HepG2 cells. Compared with wild-type APPL1, overexpression of APPL1 K63R mutant dramatically increased cell apoptosis and mitigated cell survival, along with a reduction of phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and Erk1/2. In addition, DAT administration markedly reduced protein levels of intracellular TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Genetic inhibition of TRAF6 decreased K63-linked polyubiquitination of APPL1. Moreover, the cytotoxicity impacts of DAT on HepG2 cells were greatly attenuated by overexpression of wild-type APPL1. Taken together, these results suggest that APPL1 polyubiquitination probably mediates the inhibitory effects of DAT on survival of HepG2 cells by modulating STAT3, Akt, and Erk1/2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Youming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparascopic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yikang He
- Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Nursing, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China,Correspondence Changhua Wang, E-mail:
| | - Mingbai Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,Mingbai Hu, E-mail:
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12
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Song J, Zhou Y, Yakymovych I, Schmidt A, Li C, Heldin CH, Landström M. The ubiquitin-ligase TRAF6 and TGFβ type I receptor form a complex with Aurora kinase B contributing to mitotic progression and cytokinesis in cancer cells. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104155. [PMID: 35853811 PMCID: PMC9386726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is overexpressed in several advanced cancer types and promotes tumor progression. We have reported that the intracellular domain (ICD) of TGFβ receptor (TβR) I is cleaved by proteolytic enzymes in cancer cells, and then translocated to the nucleus in a manner dependent on the endosomal adaptor proteins APPL1/2, driving an invasiveness program. How cancer cells evade TGFβ-induced growth inhibition is unclear. Methods We performed microarray analysis to search for genes regulated by APPL1/2 proteins in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. We investigated the role of TβRI and TRAF6 in mitosis in cancer cell lines cultured in 10% FBS in the absence of exogenous TGFβ. The molecular mechanism of the ubiquitination of AURKB by TRAF6 in mitosis and the formation of AURKB–TβRI complex in cancer cell lines and tissue microarrays was also studied. Findings During mitosis and cytokinesis, AURKB–TβRI complexes formed in midbodies in CRPC and KELLY neuroblastoma cells. TRAF6 induced polyubiquitination of AURKB on K85 and K87, protruding on the surface of AURKB to facilitate its activation. AURKB–TβRI complexes in patient's tumor tissue sections correlated with the malignancy of prostate cancer. Interpretation The AURKB–TβRI complex may become a prognostic biomarker for patients with risk of developing aggressive PC. Funding Swedish Medical Research Council (2019-01598, ML; 2015-02757 and 2020-01291, CHH), the Swedish Cancer Society (20 0964, ML), a regional agreement between Umeå University and Region Västerbotten (ALF; RV-939377, -967041, -970057, ML). The European Research Council (787472, CHH). KAW 2019.0345, and the Kempe Foundation SMK-1866; ML. National Microscopy Infrastructure (NMI VR-RFI 2016-00968).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ihor Yakymovych
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexej Schmidt
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
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13
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Aggregative trans-eQTL analysis detects trait-specific target gene sets in whole blood. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4323. [PMID: 35882830 PMCID: PMC9325868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Large scale genetic association studies have identified many trait-associated variants and understanding the role of these variants in the downstream regulation of gene-expressions can uncover important mediating biological mechanisms. Here we propose ARCHIE, a summary statistic based sparse canonical correlation analysis method to identify sets of gene-expressions trans-regulated by sets of known trait-related genetic variants. Simulation studies show that compared to standard methods, ARCHIE is better suited to identify "core"-like genes through which effects of many other genes may be mediated and can capture disease-specific patterns of genetic associations. By applying ARCHIE to publicly available summary statistics from the eQTLGen consortium, we identify gene sets which have significant evidence of trans-association with groups of known genetic variants across 29 complex traits. Around half (50.7%) of the selected genes do not have any strong trans-associations and are not detected by standard methods. We provide further evidence for causal basis of the target genes through a series of follow-up analyses. These results show ARCHIE is a powerful tool for identifying sets of genes whose trans-regulation may be related to specific complex traits.
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14
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Sortilin 1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Migration by Regulating Immune Cell Infiltration. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6509028. [PMID: 35847356 PMCID: PMC9286884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6509028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Recent evidence suggests that Sort1 promotes carcinogenesis and tumor progression in multiple types of cancers. This study investigates the role of Sort1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The differentially expressed gene was screened through GEO and TCGA databases. The Sort1 gene was identified and its expression was then verified by TCGA and HCCDB (a database of hepatocellular carcinoma expression atlas) databases. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to assess the gene expression in tissues. The TCGA and KM-plotter databases were used to study the relationship between Sort1 and HCC. The correlation between Sort1 and immune cells was evaluated through the TIMER database. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to investigate the possible mechanism. The role of Sort1 in cell proliferation and invasion of HCC was further explored through in vitro experiments. Result The differentially expressed molecule obtained from database screening was Sort1. Its expression was higher in cancer tissues than in paracancerous ones, and it was mainly located in the cytoplasm. The TCGA, KM-plotter databases, and our study data showed that low expression of Sort1 in HCC patients had better overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Further analysis indicated a significant correlation between Sort1 expression and immune cell infiltration. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis showed that Sort1 affected the biological events of HCC by participating in the WNT, TGF-BETA, JAK, STAT, and CALCIUM signaling pathways. In vitro, cytological experiments demonstrated reduced expression of PCNA, Ki-67, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9 mRNA after knocking down Sort1, although E-cadherin expression was promoted. Overall, these processes reduced the ability of proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Conclusion Downregulation of Sort1 can prolong the OS, PFI, and DSS of HCC patients. Furthermore, due to its link with immune cell infiltration, the Sort1 gene represents a potentially novel predictive biomarker of HCC. The growth of HCC can be significantly inhibited by interfering with Sort1; therefore, these results provide a potential target for developing anticancer strategies for HCC.
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15
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Cung T, Wang H, Hartnett ME. The Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase and Erythropoietin, and Their Interactions in Angiogenesis: Implications in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121951. [PMID: 35741081 PMCID: PMC9222209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in premature infants. Oxidative stress is implicated in its pathophysiology. NADPH oxidase (NOX), a major enzyme responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in endothelial cells, has been studied for its involvement in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) has gained interest recently due to its tissue protective and angiogenic effects, and it has been shown to act as an antioxidant. In this review, we summarize studies performed over the last five years regarding the role of various NOXs in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. We also discuss the effect of EPO in tissue and vasoprotection, and the intersection of EPO and NOX-mediated oxidative stress in angiogenesis and the pathophysiology of ROP.
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16
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Yeh SJ, Chung YC, Chen BS. Investigating the Role of Obesity in Prostate Cancer and Identifying Biomarkers for Drug Discovery: Systems Biology and Deep Learning Approaches. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030900. [PMID: 35164166 PMCID: PMC8840188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer for men and is viewed as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. The body mass index (BMI) is taken as a vital criterion to elucidate the association between obesity and PCa. In this study, systematic methods are employed to investigate how obesity influences the noncutaneous malignancies of PCa. By comparing the core signaling pathways of lean and obese patients with PCa, we are able to investigate the relationships between obesity and pathogenic mechanisms and identify significant biomarkers as drug targets for drug discovery. Regarding drug design specifications, we take drug–target interaction, drug regulation ability, and drug toxicity into account. One deep neural network (DNN)-based drug–target interaction (DTI) model is trained in advance for predicting drug candidates based on the identified biomarkers. In terms of the application of the DNN-based DTI model and the consideration of drug design specifications, we suggest two potential multiple-molecule drugs to prevent PCa (covering lean and obese PCa) and obesity-specific PCa, respectively. The proposed multiple-molecule drugs (apigenin, digoxin, and orlistat) not only help to prevent PCa, suppressing malignant metastasis, but also result in lower production of fatty acids and cholesterol, especially for obesity-specific PCa.
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17
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Roles of Endocytic Processes and Early Endosomes on Focal Adhesion Dynamics in MDA-MB-231 Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:145-155. [PMID: 34604404 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Focal adhesion (FA) play a critical role in many biological processes which include cell survival and cell migration. They serve as cellular anchor, allowing cells to stay attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and can also regulate cellular transduction. Previously, it has been suggested that vesicles such as endosomes could interact directly with FA or be implicated in their turnover. In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between FA and the early endocytic machinery in MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods In this study, cell culture, transfection, time laps confocal microscopies, immunocytochemistry, western blotting, Cell fractionation and immunoprecipitation techniques were performed. Results Cells acutely treated with Dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin, or with Pitstop 2, an inhibitor of clathryn-dependent endocytosis showed a reduction in the expression of early endosome biomarkers such as Rab5 and EEA1. Additionally, cells treated with these endocytic inhibitors exhibited an increase number and size of FA, as well as an increase FA turnover duration. This data was consistent with the reduction of the speed of cell migration. We demonstrated that Rab5- and EEA1-positive early endosomes were found to be colocalized with internalized FA. Conclusion The present study suggests that there is a link between FA and early endosome markers, which indicates that the early endosomes may be involved in FA dynamics.
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Jeger JL. Endosomes, lysosomes, and the role of endosomal and lysosomal biogenesis in cancer development. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9801-9810. [PMID: 33185829 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes and lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles crucial for the normal functioning of the eukaryotic cell. The primary function of endosomes relates to the transportation of extracellular material into the intracellular domain. Lysosomes, on the other hand, are primarily involved in the degradation of macromolecules. Endosomes and lysosomes interact through two distinct pathways: kiss-and-run and direct fusion. In addition to the internalization of particles, endosomes also play an important role in cell signaling and autophagy. Disruptions in either of these processes may contribute to cancer development. Lysosomal proteins, such as cathepsins, can play a role in both tumorigenesis and cancer cell apoptosis. Since endosomal and lysosomal biogenesis and signaling are important components of normal cellular growth and proliferation, proteins involved in these processes are attractive targets for cancer research and, potentially, therapeutics. This literature review provides an overview of the endocytic pathway, endolysosome formation, and the interplay between endosomal/lysosomal biogenesis and carcinogenesis.
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19
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Reyes M, Peña-Oyarzún D, Silva P, Venegas S, Criollo A, Torres VA. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is associated with endosomal sequestration of the destruction complex and increased activation of Rab5 in oral dysplasia. FASEB J 2020; 34:4009-4025. [PMID: 31990106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902345rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Potentially malignant lesions, commonly referred to as dysplasia, are associated with malignant transformation by mechanisms that remain unclear. We recently reported that increased Wnt secretion promotes the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and expression of target genes in oral dysplasia. However, the mechanisms accounting for nuclear re-localization of β-catenin in oral dysplasia remain unclear. In this study, we show that endosomal sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex allows nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in oral dysplasia, and that these events depended on the endocytic protein Rab5. Tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed aberrant accumulation of enlarged early endosomes in oral dysplasia biopsies, when compared with healthy oral mucosa. These observations were confirmed in cell culture models, by comparing dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) and non-dysplastic oral keratinocytes (OKF6). Intriguingly, DOK depicted higher levels of active Rab5, a critical regulator of early endosomes, when compared with OKF6. Increased Rab5 activity in DOK was necessary for nuclear localization of β-catenin and Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription, as shown by expression of dominant negative and constitutively active mutants of Rab5, along with immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, transcription, and protease protection assays. Mechanistically, elevated Rab5 activity in DOK accounted for endosomal sequestration of components of the destruction complex, including GSK3β, Axin, and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as observed in Rab5 dominant negative experiments. In agreement with these in vitro observations, tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed increased co-localization of GSK3β, APC, and Axin, with early endosome antigen 1- and Rab5-positive early endosomes in clinical samples of oral dysplasia. Collectively, these data indicate that increased Rab5 activity and endosomal sequestration of the β-catenin destruction complex leads to stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in oral dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Reyes
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Venegas
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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A Paradigm in Immunochemistry, Revealed by Monoclonal Antibodies to Spatially Distinct Epitopes on Syntenin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236035. [PMID: 31795513 PMCID: PMC6928784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntenin-1 is an essential multi-functional adaptor protein, which has multiple roles in membrane trafficking and exosome biogenesis, as well as scaffolding interactions with either the actin cytoskeleton or focal adhesions. However, how this functional multiplicity relates to syntenin-1 distribution in different endosome compartments or other intracellular locations and its underlying involvement in cancer pathogenesis have yet to be fully defined. To help facilitate the investigation of syntenin-1 biology, we developed two specific monoclonal antibodies (Synt-2C6 and Synt-3A11) to spatially distinct linear sequence epitopes on syntenin-1, which were each designed to be unique at the six-amino acid level. These antibodies produced very different intracellular staining patterns, with Synt-2C6 detecting endosomes and Synt-3A11 producing a fibrillar staining pattern suggesting a cytoskeletal localisation. Treatment of cells with Nocodazole altered the intracellular localisation of Synt-3A11, which was consistent with the syntenin-1 protein interacting with microtubules. In prostate tissue biopsies, Synt-3A11 defined atrophy and early-stage prostate cancer, whereas Synt-2C6 only showed minimal interaction with atrophic tissue. This highlights a critical need for site-specific antibodies and a knowledge of their reactivity to define differential protein distributions, interactions and functions, which may differ between normal and malignant cells.
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Simunovic M, Evergren E, Callan-Jones A, Bassereau P. Curving Cells Inside and Out: Roles of BAR Domain Proteins in Membrane Shaping and Its Cellular Implications. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:111-129. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular processes rely on precise and timely deformation of the cell membrane. While many proteins participate in membrane reshaping and scission, usually in highly specialized ways, Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain proteins play a pervasive role, as they not only participate in many aspects of cell trafficking but also are highly versatile membrane remodelers. Subtle changes in the shape and size of the BAR domain can greatly impact the way in which BAR domain proteins interact with the membrane. Furthermore, the activity of BAR domain proteins can be tuned by external physical parameters, and so they behave differently depending on protein surface density, membrane tension, or membrane shape. These proteins can form 3D structures that mold the membrane and alter its liquid properties, even promoting scission under various circumstances.As such, BAR domain proteins have numerous roles within the cell. Endocytosis is among the most highly studied processes in which BAR domain proteins take on important roles. Over the years, a more complete picture has emerged in which BAR domain proteins are tied to almost all intracellular compartments; examples include endosomal sorting and tubular networks in the endoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules. These proteins also have a role in autophagy, and their activity has been linked with cancer. Here, we briefly review the history of BAR domain protein discovery, discuss the mechanisms by which BAR domain proteins induce curvature, and attempt to settle important controversies in the field. Finally, we review BAR domain proteins in the context of a cell, highlighting their emerging roles in cell signaling and organelle shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijo Simunovic
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Callan-Jones
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, CNRS UMR 168, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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A Humanized Yeast Phenomic Model of Deoxycytidine Kinase to Predict Genetic Buffering of Nucleoside Analog Cytotoxicity. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100770. [PMID: 31575041 PMCID: PMC6826991 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about synthetic lethality can be applied to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies in individual patients harboring genetic alterations in their cancer that specifically render it vulnerable. We investigated the potential for high-resolution phenomic analysis in yeast to predict such genetic vulnerabilities by systematic, comprehensive, and quantitative assessment of drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine, substrates of deoxycytidine kinase that have similar molecular structures yet distinct antitumor efficacy. Human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) was conditionally expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic library of knockout and knockdown (YKO/KD) strains, to globally and quantitatively characterize differential drug–gene interaction for gemcitabine and cytarabine. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that autophagy, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and apoptosis-related processes influence gemcitabine specifically, while drug–gene interaction specific to cytarabine was less enriched in gene ontology. Processes having influence over both drugs were DNA repair and integrity checkpoints and vesicle transport and fusion. Non-gene ontology (GO)-enriched genes were also informative. Yeast phenomic and cancer cell line pharmacogenomics data were integrated to identify yeast–human homologs with correlated differential gene expression and drug efficacy, thus providing a unique resource to predict whether differential gene expression observed in cancer genetic profiles are causal in tumor-specific responses to cytotoxic agents.
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23
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Pan Y, Zhang R, Chen H, Chen W, Wu K, Lv J. Expression of Tripartite Motif-Containing Proteactiin 11 (TRIM11) is Associated with the Progression of Human Prostate Cancer and is Downregulated by MicroRNA-5193. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:98-106. [PMID: 30608062 PMCID: PMC6329255 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 (TRIM11), encoded by the TRIM11 gene, has been studied in some human malignant tumors. MicroRNA-5193 (miRNA-5193) was predicted to target TRIM11, according to bioinformatics data from TargetScan. However, the roles of TRIM11 and miRNA-5193 in prostate cancer remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of miRNA-5193 on the expression of TRIM11 in prostate cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal prostate, and in human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145 in vitro. Material/Methods Prostate tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue from 137 patients with stage T1c (n=66), stage T2 (n=48), and stage T3 (n=23) prostate cancer were studied. Expression levels of the TRIM 11 protein and the TRIM11 gene in prostate cancer, normal prostate tissue, and human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, were measured by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Transfection with TRIM11 small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in gene knockdown. Transfection with a miR-5193 mimic resulted in overexpression of miR-5193. Proliferation and invasion assays were performed for PC3 and DU145 cells in vitro. Results TRIM11 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer specimens compared with normal prostate tissue and was significantly correlated with reduced outcome. In human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, TRIM11 overexpression promoted cell proliferation. Upregulation of miR-5193 downregulated the expression of TRIM11. Conclusions TRIM11 was upregulated in prostate cancer tissue and was associated with reduced prognosis. TRIM11 expression increased cell proliferation in vitro and was downregulated by miR-5193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Riyan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hongde Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jiaju Lv
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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24
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Harrison IP, Vinh A, Johnson IR, Luong R, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Tiganis T, Williams ED, O’ Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Selemidis S. NOX2 oxidase expressed in endosomes promotes cell proliferation and prostate tumour development. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35378-35393. [PMID: 30459931 PMCID: PMC6226044 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote growth factor signalling including for VEGF-A and have potent angiogenic and tumourigenic properties. However, the precise enzymatic source of ROS generation, the subcellular localization of ROS production and cellular targets in vivo that influence tumour-promoting processes, are largely undefined. Here, using mRNA microarrays, we show increased gene expression for NOX2, the catalytic subunit of the ROS-generating NADPH oxidase enzyme, in human primary prostate cancer compared to non-malignant tissue. In addition, NOX4 gene expression was markedly elevated in human metastatic prostate cancers, but not in primary prostate tumours. Using a syngeneic, orthotopic mouse model of prostate cancer the genetic deletion of NOX2 (i.e. NOX2 -/y mouse) resulted in reduced angiogenesis and an almost complete failure in tumour development. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of NOX2 oxidase suppressed established prostate tumours in mice. In isolated endothelial cells, and in human normal and prostate cancer cells, NOX2 co-located to varying degrees with early endosome markers including EEA1, Appl1 and Rab5A and the late endosome marker Rab7A, and this correlated with significant VEGF-A-dependent ROS production within acidified endosomal compartments and endothelial cell proliferation that was NOX2 oxidase- and hydrogen peroxide dependent. We concluded that NOX2 oxidase expression and endosomal ROS production were important for prostate cancer growth and that this was required to positively regulate the VEGF pathway. The research provides a paradigm for limiting tumour growth through a better understanding of NOX2 oxidase's effect on VEGF signalling and how controlling the development of tumour vasculature can limit prostate tumour development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Harrison
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Ian R.D. Johnson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Raymond Luong
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Resea rch Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - John J. O’ Leary
- Histopathology, School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, Sir Patrick Dun’s Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Emer Casey Research Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Doug A. Brooks
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Program in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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25
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Tang CT, Gao YJ, Ge ZZ. NOX4, a new genetic target for anti-cancer therapy in digestive system cancer. J Dig Dis 2018; 19:578-585. [PMID: 30058122 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated as an important factor in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit 4 (NOX4), a substrate of NADPH that can generate H2 O2 reactive oxygen species, has been reported to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal tumors. In this review we summarize the available evidence on the biological function of NOX4 in digestive system tumors by focusing on its correlation with classical cell signaling pathways, including VEGF, MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and with biochemical mediators, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), activator protein (AP)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. According to the clinical and database studies on tumors of the digestive system, such as colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer, there are significant associations between NOX4 expression and tumor prognosis as well as patient's survival. Animal studies using NOX4 inhibitors such as diphenylene iodonium and GKT137831, which selectively block NOX4, indicate their potential as therapeutic agents for targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tao Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Jie Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zheng Ge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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26
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Brooks D, Olver IN, Esterman AJ. Beyond PSA testing for prostate cancer. Med J Aust 2018; 208:426-427. [DOI: 10.5694/mja18.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doug Brooks
- University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA
| | - Ian N Olver
- University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA
| | - Adrian J Esterman
- University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD
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27
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Kim JT, Napier DL, Weiss HL, Lee EY, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Neurotensin Receptor 3/Sortilin Contributes to Tumorigenesis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Through Augmentation of Cell Adhesion and Migration. Neoplasia 2017; 20:175-181. [PMID: 29272741 PMCID: PMC5884004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS), a 13–amino acid peptide which is distributed predominantly along gastrointestinal tract, has multiple physiologic and pathologic functions, and its effects are mediated by three distinct NTS receptors (NTSRs). Overexpression and activation of NTS signaling components, especially NTS and/or NTSR1, are closely linked with cancer progression and metastasis in various types of cancers including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although deregulation of NTSR3/sortilin has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, the expression and role of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression and oncogenic effect of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs. Increased protein levels of NTSR3/sortilin were noted in the majority of human clinical NETs (n = 21) by immunohistochemical analyses compared with normal tissues (n = 12). Expression of NTS and NTSR3/sortilin was also noted in all tested NET cell lines. In addition, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of NTSR3/sortilin decreased cell number without alteration of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in NET cell lines BON and QGP-1. Moreover, silencing of NTSR3/sortilin significantly suppressed cell adhesion and cell migration with inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src phosphorylation in the NET cells. Our results demonstrate increased expression of NTSR3/sortilin in NET patient tissues and a critical role of NTSR3/sortilin on NET cell adhesion and migration suggesting that NTSR3/sortilin contributes to NET tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dana L Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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28
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhao L, Du N, Hou N, Song T, Huang C. APPL1 promotes the migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating Akt2 phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1343-1351. [PMID: 28902365 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multifunctional adaptor protein, APPL1 (adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain and a leucine zipper motif 1) is overexpressed in many cancers, and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The present study investigated the expression of APPL1 in gastric carcinoma and the function in regulating cell migration. We investigated the expression of APPL1 in gastric carcinoma based upon The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of APPL1 in collected gastric carcinoma tissues and cultured cells was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were used to analyze the effects of APPL1 on tumor cell migration. The statistical results based upon TCGA database showed significantly higher expression of APPL1 in gastric carcinoma compared to adjacent normal tissues, and we confirmed these findings by measuring APPL1 expression in collected gastric carcinoma tissues and cultured cells. The results of transwell assay and wound healing assay showed that when APPL1 was silenced by siRNA, cell migration was inhibited and overexpression of APPL1 promoted migration. Western blot results demonstrated that changes in several mesenchymal markers were consistent with the observed reduction or enhancement of cell migration. Importantly, the expression of APPL1 significantly affected the phosphorylation of Akt2. In addition, MMP2 and MMP9, downstream effectors of Akt2 changed accordingly, which is a critical requirement for Akt2-mediated cell migration. The results demonstrate an important new function of APPL1 in regulating cell migration through a mechanism that depends on Akt2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ni Hou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tusheng Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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29
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Schmid SL. Reciprocal regulation of signaling and endocytosis: Implications for the evolving cancer cell. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2623-2632. [PMID: 28674108 PMCID: PMC5584184 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schmid provides a perspective on exciting new research examining the relationship between signaling and endocytosis in cancer. Cell surface receptor uptake via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and subsequent intracellular sorting for degradation or recycling regulates the strength and specificity of downstream signaling. Signaling, in turn, modulates early endocytic trafficking. This reciprocal regulation of signaling and endocytosis provides opportunities for the establishment of feedback loops to enhance or suppress surface-derived signals. Recent studies suggest that dynamin-1, a presumed neuron-specific isoform of the large, membrane fission GTPase, can be activated in nonneuronal cells downstream of cancer-relevant signaling pathways and thereby function as a nexus between signaling and early endocytic trafficking. I speculate that sustained up-regulation and/or acute activation of dynamin-1 in cancer cells contributes to a program of “adaptive” CME that alters signaling to enhance cancer cell survival, migration, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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30
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Chen PH, Bendris N, Hsiao YJ, Reis CR, Mettlen M, Chen HY, Yu SL, Schmid SL. Crosstalk between CLCb/Dyn1-Mediated Adaptive Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Increases Metastasis. Dev Cell 2017; 40:278-288.e5. [PMID: 28171750 PMCID: PMC5740869 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Signaling receptors are internalized and regulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Two clathrin light chain isoforms, CLCa and CLCb, are integral components of the endocytic machinery whose differential functions remain unknown. We report that CLCb is specifically upregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Engineered single CLCb-expressing NSCLC cells, as well as "switched" cells that predominantly express CLCb, exhibit increased rates of CME and altered clathrin-coated pit dynamics. This "adaptive CME" resulted from upregulation of dynamin-1 (Dyn1) and its activation through a positive feedback loop involving enhanced epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent Akt/GSK3β phosphorylation. CLCb/Dyn1-dependent adaptive CME selectively altered EGF receptor trafficking, enhanced cell migration in vitro, and increased the metastatic efficiency of NSCLC cells in vivo. We define molecular mechanisms for adaptive CME in cancer cells and a role for the reciprocal crosstalk between signaling and CME in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Nawal Bendris
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Jing Hsiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Carlos R Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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Li T, Hong X, Zhao J, Teng Y, Zheng J, Chen H, Chen H, Li H. Gelsolin-like actin-capping protein is associated with patient prognosis, cellular apoptosis and proliferation in prostate cancer. Biomark Med 2016; 10:1251-1260. [PMID: 27924630 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CapG) in prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS & METHODS CapG expression and its correlation with clinicopathological characters and patient prognosis were analyzed in 76 cases of PCa by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Then, the influence of CapG downregulation on cell apoptosis and proliferation were assessed. RESULTS CapG expression in PCa was significantly higher compared with those in matched adjacent noncancerous prostate tissues, and significantly correlated with clinicopathological characters. Survival analysis indicated that CapG could be an independent prognostic factor in PCa. Moreover, CapG depletion significantly affected cellular proliferation and apoptosis by regulating Caspase 6/Caspase 9/Bcl-2/p-Akt/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CapG, as a potential biomarker in PCa, is associated with patient prognosis, cellular apoptosis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiu Li
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- Institute of Gerontology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yili Teng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jue Zheng
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Henggui Chen
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
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32
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Valcz G, Galamb O, Krenács T, Spisák S, Kalmár A, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Dede K, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Exosomes in colorectal carcinoma formation: ALIX under the magnifying glass. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:928-38. [PMID: 27150162 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that have important roles in transporting a great variety of bioactive molecules between epithelial compartment and their microenvironment during tumor formation including colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. We tested the mRNA expression of the top 25 exosome-related markers based on ExoCharta database in healthy (n=49), adenoma (n=49) and colorectal carcinoma (n=49) patients using Affymetrix HGU133 Plus2.0 microarrays. Most related genes showed significantly elevated expression including PGK1, PKM, ANXA5, ENO1, HSP90AB1 and MSN during adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Surprisingly, the expression of ALIX (ALG 2-interacting protein X), involved in multivesicular body (MVB) and exosome formation, was significantly reduced in normal vs adenoma (P=5.02 × 10(-13)) and in normal vs colorectal carcinoma comparisons (P=1.51 × 10(-10)). ALIX also showed significant reduction (P<0.05) at the in situ protein level in the epithelial compartment of adenoma (n=35) and colorectal carcinoma (n=37) patients compared with 27 healthy individuals. Furthermore, significantly reduced ALIX protein levels were accompanied by their gradual transition from diffuse cytoplasmic expression to granular signals, which fell into the 0.6-2 μm diameter size range of MVBs. These ALIX-positive particles were seen in the tumor nests, including tumor-stroma border, which suggest their exosome function. MVB-like structures were also detected in tumor microenvironment including α-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal cells, budding off cancer cells in the tumor front as well as in cancer cells entrapped within lymphoid vessels. In conclusion, we determined the top aberrantly expressed exosome-associated markers and revealed the transition of diffuse ALIX protein signals into a MVB-like pattern during adenoma-carcinoma sequence. These tumor-associated particles seen both in the carcinoma and the surrounding microenvironment can potentially mediate epithelial-stromal interactions involved in the regulation of tumor growth, metastatic invasion and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University and MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Ding Y, Cao Y, Wang B, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chen X, Li M, Wang C. APPL1-Mediating Leptin Signaling Contributes to Proliferation and Migration of Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166172. [PMID: 27820851 PMCID: PMC5098739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, particularly in obese patients. As a multifunctional adaptor protein, APPL1 (containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain, and a leucine zipper motif 1) plays a critical role in regulating adiponectin and insulin signaling pathways. Currently, high APPL1 level has been suggested to be related to metastases and progression of some types of cancer. However, the intercourse between leptin signaling pathway and APPL1 remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the protein levels and phosphorylation statues of APPL1were highly expressed in tissues from human hepatocellular carcinoma and triple-positive breast cancer. Leptin stimulated APPL1 phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner in both human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell and breast cancer MCF-7 cell. Overexpression or suppression of APPL1 promoted or attenuated, respectively, leptin-induced phosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2, and Akt in the cancer cells, accompanied with enhanced or mitigated cell proliferation and migration. In addition, we identified that APPL1 directly bound to both leptin receptor and STAT3. This interaction was significantly enhanced by leptin stimulation. Our results suggested that APPL1 positively mediated leptin signaling and promoted leptin-induced proliferation and migration of cancer cells. This finding reveals a novel mechanism by which leptin promotes the motility and growth of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparascopic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingkang Cao
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparascopic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparascopic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yemin Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Deling Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Laparascopic Surgery, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- * E-mail:
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