1
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Calvier L, Alexander A, Marckx AT, Kounnas MZ, Durakoglugil M, Herz J. Safety of Anti-Reelin Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:583. [PMID: 38607022 PMCID: PMC11011630 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular glycoprotein, plays critical roles in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have revealed non-neuronal functions of plasma Reelin in inflammation by promoting endothelial-leukocyte adhesion through its canonical pathway in endothelial cells (via ApoER2 acting on NF-κB), as well as in vascular tone regulation and thrombosis. In this study, we have investigated the safety and efficacy of selectively depleting plasma Reelin as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We found that Reelin expression remains stable throughout adulthood and that peripheral anti-Reelin antibody treatment with CR-50 efficiently depletes plasma Reelin without affecting its levels or functionality within the CNS. Notably, this approach preserves essential neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, in mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), selective modulation of endothelial responses by anti-Reelin antibodies reduces pathological leukocyte infiltration without completely abolishing diapedesis. Finally, long-term Reelin depletion under metabolic stress induced by a Western diet did not negatively impact the heart, kidney, or liver, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These findings underscore the promising role of peripheral anti-Reelin therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and conditions where endothelial function is compromised, offering a novel approach that may avoid the immunosuppressive side effects associated with conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anna Alexander
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Austin T. Marckx
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Murat Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (A.T.M.); (M.D.); (J.H.)
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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2
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Qu F, Brough SC, Michno W, Madubata CJ, Hartmann GG, Puno A, Drainas AP, Bhattacharya D, Tomasich E, Lee MC, Yang D, Kim J, Peiris-Pagès M, Simpson KL, Dive C, Preusser M, Toland A, Kong C, Das M, Winslow MM, Pasca AM, Sage J. Crosstalk between small-cell lung cancer cells and astrocytes mimics brain development to promote brain metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1506-1519. [PMID: 37783795 PMCID: PMC11230587 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases represent an important clinical problem for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the mechanisms underlying SCLC growth in the brain remain poorly understood. Here, using intracranial injections in mice and assembloids between SCLC aggregates and human cortical organoids in culture, we found that SCLC cells recruit reactive astrocytes to the tumour microenvironment. This crosstalk between SCLC cells and astrocytes drives the induction of gene expression programmes that are similar to those found during early brain development in neurons and astrocytes. Mechanistically, the brain development factor Reelin, secreted by SCLC cells, recruits astrocytes to brain metastases. These astrocytes in turn promote SCLC growth by secreting neuronal pro-survival factors such as SERPINE1. Thus, SCLC brain metastases grow by co-opting mechanisms involved in reciprocal neuron-astrocyte interactions during brain development. Targeting such developmental programmes activated in this cancer ecosystem may help prevent and treat brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siqi C Brough
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wojciech Michno
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chioma J Madubata
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Griffin G Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Puno
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandros P Drainas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Debadrita Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erwin Tomasich
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Myung Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Peiris-Pagès
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Millie Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anca M Pasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Alexander A, Herz J, Calvier L. Reelin through the years: From brain development to inflammation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112669. [PMID: 37339050 PMCID: PMC10592530 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin was originally identified as a regulator of neuronal migration and synaptic function, but its non-neuronal functions have received far less attention. Reelin participates in organ development and physiological functions in various tissues, but it is also dysregulated in some diseases. In the cardiovascular system, Reelin is abundant in the blood, where it contributes to platelet adhesion and coagulation, as well as vascular adhesion and permeability of leukocytes. It is a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factor with important implications for autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Mechanistically, Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that binds to several membrane receptors, including ApoER2, VLDLR, integrins, and ephrins. Reelin signaling depends on the cell type but mostly involves phosphorylation of NF-κB, PI3K, AKT, or JAK/STAT. This review focuses on non-neuronal functions and the therapeutic potential of Reelin, while highlighting secretion, signaling, and functional similarities between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alexander
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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4
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Abstract
In recent years, the lymphatic system has received increasing attention due to the fast-growing number of findings about its diverse novel functional roles in health and disease. It is well documented that the lymphatic vasculature plays major roles in the maintenance of tissue-fluid balance, the immune response, and in lipid absorption. However, recent studies have identified an additional growing number of novel and sometimes unexpected functional roles of the lymphatic vasculature in normal and pathological conditions in different organs. Among those, cardiac lymphatics have been shown to play important roles in heart development, ischemic cardiac disease, and cardiac disorders. In this review, we will discuss some of those novel functional roles of cardiac lymphatics, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting lymphatics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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5
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Ghosal S, Banerjee S. In silico bioinformatics analysis for identification of differentially expressed genes and therapeutic drug molecules in Glucocorticoid-resistant Multiple myeloma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:53. [PMID: 35150335 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), second most common hematological malignancy, still remains irremediable because of acquisition of drug resistance. Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, which is used as one of the key therapies against MM, is hindered by the incidence of GC resistance. The underlying mechanism of this acquired GC resistance in MM is not fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), associated micro RNAs (miRNAs), and transcription factors (TFs) from the microarray datasets of GC-resistant and GC-sensitive MM cell lines, obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DEGs were identified using GEO2R tool from two datasets and common DEGs were obtained by constructing Venn diagram. Then the Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Genetic alterations in DEGs were examined using COSMIC database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using STRING database and Cytoscape tool. Network of interaction of DEGs and miRNAs as well as TFs were obtained and constructed using mirDIP, TRRUST, and miRNet tools. Drug gene interaction was studied to identify potential drug molecules by DGIdb tool. Six common DEGs, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, NLRP11, BTK, CD52, and RELN, were found to be significantly upregulated in GC-resistant MM and selected for further analysis. miRNA analysis detected hsa-mir-34a-5p that could interact with maximum target DEGs. Two TFs, Sp1 and Sp3, were found to regulate the expression of selected DEGs. The entire study may provide a new understanding about the GC resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Ghosal
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subrata Banerjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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6
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Harmon KA, Roman S, Lancaster HD, Chowhury S, Cull E, Goodwin RL, Arce S, Fanning S. Structural and Ultrastructural Analysis of the Multiple Myeloma Cell Niche and a Patient-Specific Model of Plasma Cell Dysfunction. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:254-264. [PMID: 34881690 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly, incurable malignancy in which antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) become neoplastic. Previous studies have shown that the PC niche plays a role cancer progression. Bone marrow (BM) cores from MM and a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) patients were analyzed with confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The BM aspirates from these patients were used to generate 3D PC cultures. These in vitro cultures were then assayed for the molecular, cellular, and ultrastructural hallmarks of dysfunctional PC at days 1 and 5. In vivo, evidence of PC endoplasmic reticulum stress was found in both MM and MGUS BM; however, evidence of PC autophagy was found only in MM BM. Analysis of in vitro cultures found that MM PC can survive and maintain a differentiated phenotype over an unprecedented 5 days, had higher levels of paraprotein production when compared to MGUS-derived cultures, and showed evidence of PC autophagy as well. Increased fibronectin deposition around PC associated with disease severity and autophagy dysregulation was also observed. 3D cultures constructed from BM aspirates from MGUS and MM patients allow for long-term culture of functional PC while maintaining their distinct morphological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harrison D Lancaster
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Saeeda Chowhury
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cull
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Richard L Goodwin
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Sergio Arce
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
| | - Suzanne Fanning
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prisma Health System Upstate, Greenville, SC29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Greenville, SC29605, USA
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7
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Zhang X, Fu Y, Ding Z, Zhu N, Zhao M, Song Y, Huang X, Chen S, Yang Y, Zhang C, Hu Q, Ni Y, Ding L. Functional Heterogeneity of Reelin in the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692390. [PMID: 34485127 PMCID: PMC8416082 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reelin, an extracellular glycoprotein, is expressed on neuronal cells and participates in neuronal migration during brain development. Recently, Reelin also has a vital role in carcinogenesis. However, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains to be explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of Reelin in OSCC. Methods The expression of Reelin in cancer-associated fibroblasts (ReelinCAF) and tumor cells (ReelinTC) was analyzed by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the spatial pattern of Reelin in 75 OSCCs. The diagnostic and prognostic values of Reelin were evaluated and also verified by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Primary CAFs from 13 OSCC patients were isolated to confirm Reelin expression. Thirty-nine OSCC peripheral blood samples were used to analyze the change of immunocytes based on Reelin levels by flow cytometry. The relationship between Reelin and tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues was determined by TISIDB and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. Results In breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and rectal cancer, Reelin in CAFs was significantly upregulated compared with Reelin in TCs. The IHC results in OSCC also showed that Reelin levels were higher in CAFs. Upregulated ReelinTC was related to a decreased pN stage and distant metastasis. Strikingly, patients with enhanced ReelinCAF had a high risk of lymph node metastasis, poor worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), and distant metastasis, but showed comparable Ki-67 level in all OSCC patients, resulting in shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Unexpectedly, Reelin in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (ReelinTIL) was correlated with postoperative relapse. Patients with high ReelinTIL, but not ReelinTC and ReelinCAF, had poor cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells and higher ratio of CD4/CD8 in peripheral blood. However, Reelin was positively associated with tissue-resident B cells and NK cells in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion Reelin has a versatile function in distinct cell types during the development of OSCC via governing tumor cell and stroma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nisha Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Dou A, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Guo Y. Reelin depletion alleviates multiple myeloma bone disease by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteolysis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:219. [PMID: 34433809 PMCID: PMC8387418 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix glycoprotein Reelin is associated with tumor metastasis and prognosis in various malignancies. However, its effects on multiple myeloma (MM) are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory effects of Reelin on MM and its underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Lentivirus plasmid containing short hairpin RNA targeting Reelin (LV3-Reln) was transfected into SP2/0 cells to knockdown Reelin expression. Flow cytometry assay analyzed cell cycle and apoptosis while Transwell assay evaluated invasiveness. BALB/c mice were inoculated with LV3-Reln-transfected SP2/0 cells to establish MM model. Primary myeloma cells and osteoblasts/osteoclast were isolated from tumor tissue and limb long bones respectively. ELISA examined serum biomarkers and immunohistochemistry detected immunoglobulin light chain expression. Morphological changes and osteoclast/osteoblast differentiation were observed by histological staining. mRNA and proteins expression were determined by qPCR and WB. In vitro studies showed that Reelin depletion regulated osteolysis and osteogenesis balance, cell cycle, invasiveness, and apoptosis in SP2/0 cells. In LV3-Reln mice, tumor growth and invasiveness were suppressed, meanwhile, reduced osteoclast activation and enhanced osteoblast activity were observed. Reelin knockdown alleviated extramedullary morbidity and inhibited spleen immune cell apoptosis by down-regulating CDK5, IL-10, and Cyto-C expression. Furthermore, reduced Reelin expression restrained osteoclast differentiation while promoted osteogenesis in the bone of LV3-Reln mice. This was further supported by down-regulation of osteolytic specific mRNAs and proteins (Trap, Mmp9, Ctsk, Clcn7) and up-regulation of osteogenic specific ones (COL-1, Runx2, β-Catenin). Reelin exerted important impacts on myeloma development through rebalancing osteolysis and osteogenesis, thus might be a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Dou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Calvier L, Xian X, Lee R, Sacharidou A, Mineo C, Shaul PW, Kounnas MZ, Tsai S, Herz J. Reelin Depletion Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Vascular Adhesion of Leukocytes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1309-1318. [PMID: 33626909 PMCID: PMC7990715 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/deficiency
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/deficiency
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/metabolism
- Leukocyte Rolling/drug effects
- Leukocytes/drug effects
- Leukocytes/immunology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Reelin Protein
- Serine Endopeptidases/deficiency
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Xunde Xian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Richard Lee
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. San Diego CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | | | - Shirling Tsai
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
- Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
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10
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Hou J, Yan D, Liu Y, Huang P, Cui H. The Roles of Integrin α5β1 in Human Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13329-13344. [PMID: 33408483 PMCID: PMC7781020 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s273803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix has important roles in tissue integrity and human health. Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that are composed by two non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits that mainly participate in the interaction of cell-cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix and regulate cell motility, adhesion, differentiation, migration, proliferation, etc. In mammals, there have been eighteen α subunits and 8 β subunits and so far 24 distinct types of αβ integrin heterodimers have been identified in humans. Integrin α5β1, also known as the fibronectin receptor, is a heterodimer with α5 and β1 subunits and has emerged as an essential mediator in many human carcinomas. Integrin α5β1 alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of human cancers, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and cancerogenesis. In this review, we will introduce the functions of integrin α5β1 in cancer progression and also explore its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the potential clinical applications as a target for cancer imaging and therapy are discussed. Collectively, the information reviewed here may increase the understanding of integrin α5β1 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Yan
- Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu X, De la Cruz E, Gu X, Balint L, Oxendine-Burns M, Terrones T, Ma W, Kuo HH, Lantz C, Bansal T, Thorp E, Burridge P, Jakus Z, Herz J, Cleaver O, Torres M, Oliver G. Lymphoangiocrine signals promote cardiac growth and repair. Nature 2020; 588:705-711. [PMID: 33299187 PMCID: PMC7770123 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that lymphatics help to restore heart function after cardiac injury1-6. Here we report that lymphatics promote cardiac growth, repair and cardioprotection in mice. We show that a lymphoangiocrine signal produced by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) controls the proliferation and survival of cardiomyocytes during heart development, improves neonatal cardiac regeneration and is cardioprotective after myocardial infarction. Embryos that lack LECs develop smaller hearts as a consequence of reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Culturing primary mouse cardiomyocytes in LEC-conditioned medium increases cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival, which indicates that LECs produce lymphoangiocrine signals that control cardiomyocyte homeostasis. Characterization of the LEC secretome identified the extracellular protein reelin (RELN) as a key component of this process. Moreover, we report that LEC-specific Reln-null mouse embryos develop smaller hearts, that RELN is required for efficient heart repair and function after neonatal myocardial infarction, and that cardiac delivery of RELN using collagen patches improves heart function in adult mice after myocardial infarction by a cardioprotective effect. These results highlight a lymphoangiocrine role of LECs during cardiac development and injury response, and identify RELN as an important mediator of this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ester De la Cruz
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaowu Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo Balint
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendulet" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Oxendine-Burns
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamara Terrones
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wanshu Ma
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Connor Lantz
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Trisha Bansal
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoltán Jakus
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE "Lendulet" Lymphatic Physiology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Calvier L, Demuth G, Manouchehri N, Wong C, Sacharidou A, Mineo C, Shaul PW, Monson NL, Kounnas MZ, Stüve O, Herz J. Reelin depletion protects against autoimmune encephalomyelitis by decreasing vascular adhesion of leukocytes. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaay7675. [PMID: 32801146 PMCID: PMC7860587 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation as a result of immune cell recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) is a key pathogenic mechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current anti-inflammatory interventions depleting immune cells or directly targeting their trafficking into the CNS can have serious side effects, highlighting a need for better immunomodulatory strategies. We detected increased Reelin concentrations in the serum of patients with MS, resulting in increased endothelial permeability to leukocytes through increased nuclear factor κB-mediated expression of vascular adhesion molecules. We thus investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of Reelin immunodepletion in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and further validated the results in Reelin knockout mice. Removal of plasma Reelin by either approach protected against neuroinflammation and largely abolished the neurological consequences by reducing endothelial permeability and immune cell accumulation in the CNS. Our findings suggest Reelin depletion as a therapeutic approach with an inherent good safety margin for the treatment of MS and other diseases where leukocyte extravasation is a major driver of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guillaume Demuth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Navid Manouchehri
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Connie Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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13
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Li JM, Yang F, Li J, Yuan WQ, Wang H, Luo YQ. Reelin Promotes Cisplatin Resistance by Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via p38/GSK3β/Snail Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925298. [PMID: 32764530 PMCID: PMC7433388 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of Reelin in chemoresistance in various cancers. However, its function in cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) needs to be investigated. Material/Methods Reelin expression in cisplatin-sensitive A549 cells and cisplatin-resistant NSCLC (A549/DDP) cells was analyzed by western blot analysis. qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, CCK-8 assays, Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assay, and Transwell migration assays were carried out to determine the function of Reelin on DDP resistance. Results Reelin was markedly increased in A549/DDP cells relative to A549 cells. Knockdown of Reelin enhanced DDP chemosensitivity of A549/DDP cells, whereas overexpression of Reelin enhanced DDP resistance of A549, H1299, and H460 cells. Reelin induced DDP resistance in NSCLC cells via facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, Reelin modulated p38/GSK3β signal transduction and promoted Snail (EMT-associated transcription factor) expression. Suppression of p38/Snail reversed Reelin-induced EMT and resistance of NSCLC cells to DDP. Conclusions These data indicated that Reelin induces DDP resistance of NSCLC by regulation of the p38/GSK3β/Snail/EMT signaling pathway and provide evidence that Reelin suppression can be an effective strategy to suppress DDP resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Qi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Qin Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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14
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Li X, Fan W, Yao A, Song H, Ge Y, Yan M, Shan Y, Zhang C, Li P, Jia L. Downregulation of reelin predicts poor prognosis for glioma. Biomark Med 2020; 14:651-663. [PMID: 32613843 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the present study, we studied the relationship between RELN and prognosis in glioma. Materials & methods: Expression profiles and methylation data of RELN were obtained from bioinformatic datasets. Correlations between RELN and clinicopathological features and overall survival were respectively assessed using chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: RELN was downregulated in glioma, and its downregulation correlated well with glioma malignancy and overall survival. Meanwhile, hypermethylation of RELN was significantly correlated with low RELN expression. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that low expression of RELN correlated with many key cancer pathways, possibly highlighting the importance of RELN in carcinogenesis of brain. Conclusion: RELN may serve as a potential prognostic marker and promising target molecule for new therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wange Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Anhui Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 988th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Huiling Song
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunxiao Ge
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyao Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yubo Shan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chujie Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Liyun Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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15
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Huang Y, Huang X, Cheng C, Xu X, Liu H, Yang X, Yao L, Ding Z, Tang J, He S, Wang Y. Elucidating the expression and function of Numbl during cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) in multiple myeloma (MM). BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1269. [PMID: 31888545 PMCID: PMC6937660 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) is a major clinical problem that prevents successful treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In particular, the expression levels of integrin β1 and its sub-cellular distribution (internalization and trafficking) are strongly associated with CAM-DR development. Methods Development of an adhesion model of established MM cell lines and detection of Numbl and Integrinβ1 expression by Western Blot analysis. The interaction between Numbl and Integrinβ1 was assessed by a co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) method. Calcein AM assay was performed to investigate the levels of cell adhesion. Finally, the extent of CAM-DR in myeloma cells was measured using cell viability assay and flow cytometry analysis. Results Our preliminary date suggest that Numbl is differentially expressed in a cell adhesion model of MM cell lines. In addition to binding to the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, the carboxyl terminal of Numbl can also interact with integrin β1 to regulate the cell cycle by activating the pro-survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study intends to verify and elucidate the interaction between Numbl and integrin β1 and its functional outcome on CAM-DR. We have designed and developed a CAM-DR model using MM cells coated with either fibronectin or bone marrow stromal cells. We assessed whether Numbl influences cell-cycle progression and whether it, in turn, contributes to activation of PI3K/AKT signal pathway through the adjustment of its carboxyl end. Finally, we showed that the interaction of Numbl with integrin β1 promotes the formation of CAM-DR in MM cells. Conclusions Our findings elucidated the specific molecular mechanisms of CAM-DR induction and confirmed that Numbl is crucial for the development of CAM-DR in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianting Huang
- Department of Oncology center, Jiangsu Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214400, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmei Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Alsereihi R, Schulten HJ, Bakhashab S, Saini K, Al-Hejin AM, Hussein D. Leveraging the Role of the Metastatic Associated Protein Anterior Gradient Homologue 2 in Unfolded Protein Degradation: A Novel Therapeutic Biomarker for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070890. [PMID: 31247903 PMCID: PMC6678570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers can help in tracking disease progress, predict patients’ survival, and considerably affect the drive for successful clinical management. The present review aims to determine how the metastatic-linked protein anterior gradient homologue 2 (AGR2) operates to affect cancer progression, and to identify associated potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers, particularly in central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Studies that show a high expression level of AGR2, and associate the protein expression with the resilience to chemotherapeutic treatments or with poor cancer survival, are reported. The primary protein structures of the seven variants of AGR2, including their functional domains, are summarized. Based on experiments in various biological models, this review shows an orchestra of multiple molecules that regulate AGR2 expression, including a feedback loop with p53. The AGR2-associated molecular functions and pathways including genomic integrity, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion, migration, stemness, and inflammation, are detailed. In addition, the mechanisms that can enable the rampant oncogenic effects of AGR2 are clarified. The different strategies used to therapeutically target AGR2-positive cancer cells are evaluated in light of the current evidence. Moreover, novel associated pathways and clinically relevant deregulated genes in AGR2 high CNS tumors are identified using a meta-analysis approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alsereihi
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kulvinder Saini
- School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hejin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbiology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deema Hussein
- Neurooncology Translational Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Tarasov VV, Chubarev VN, Ashraf GM, Dostdar SA, Sokolov AV, Melnikova TI, Sologova SS, Grigorevskich EM, Makhmutovа A, Kinzirsky AS, Klochkov SG, Aliev G. How Cancer Cells Resist Chemotherapy: Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:394-412. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190305130141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:Resistance toward chemotherapeutics is one of the main obstacles on the way to effective cancer treatment. Personalization of chemotherapy could improve clinical outcome. However, despite preclinical significance, most of the potential markers have failed to reach clinical practice partially due to the inability of numerous studies to estimate the marker’s impact on resistance properly.Objective:The analysis of drug resistance mechanisms to chemotherapy in cancer cells, and the proposal of study design to identify bona fide markers.Methods:A review of relevant papers in the field. A PubMed search with relevant keywords was used to gather the data. An example of a search request: drug resistance AND cancer AND paclitaxel.Results:We have described a number of drug resistance mechanisms to various chemotherapeutics, as well as markers to underlie the phenomenon. We also proposed a model of a rational-designed study, which could be useful in determining the most promising potential biomarkers.Conclusion:Taking into account the most reasonable biomarkers should dramatically improve clinical outcome by choosing the suitable treatment regimens. However, determining the leading biomarkers, as well as validating of the model, is a work for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira A. Dostdar
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Sokolov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana I. Melnikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Susanna S. Sologova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M. Grigorevskich
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alfiya Makhmutovа
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Kinzirsky
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G. Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
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18
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B7-H3 promotes multiple myeloma cell survival and proliferation by ROS-dependent activation of Src/STAT3 and c-Cbl-mediated degradation of SOCS3. Leukemia 2018; 33:1475-1486. [PMID: 30573782 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 (CD276) is broadly overexpressed by multiple human cancers. It plays a vital role in tumor progression and has been accepted as one of the inhibitory B7 family checkpoint molecules. To identify the functions and underlying mechanisms of B7-H3 in multiple myeloma, we analyzed B7-H3 expression in myeloma patients and used siRNAs and overexpression plasmid of B7-H3 to investigate its roles and downstream signaling molecules in myeloma cell lines. The results showed that surface expression of B7-H3 was upregulated in myeloma samples and cell lines. Lower expression of B7-H3 in myeloma cells was associated with better progression-free survival. Myeloma cell survival, drug resistance, and tumor growth could be promoted by B7-H3. The molecular basis for these functional roles of B7-H3 involved the activation of JAK2/STAT3 via redox-mediated oxidation and activation of Src. We further identified a STAT3-promoting signaling pathway by which oxidant-mediated Src phosphorylation led to secondary activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. Activated c-Cbl subsequently caused specific proteasomal degradation of SOCS3, a negative regulator of JAK2/STAT3. These data indicate B7-H3's important role in the activation of ROS/Src/c-Cbl pathway in multiple myeloma which integrates redox regulation and sustained STAT3 activation at the level of degradation of STAT3 suppressor.
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19
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Mashimo K, Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Asano R, Jinushi M, Imano M, Satou T, Sakaguchi K, Nishida S. RANKL-induced c-Src activation contributes to conventional anti-cancer drug resistance and dasatinib overcomes this resistance in RANK-expressing multiple myeloma cells. Clin Exp Med 2018; 19:133-141. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Nieuwenhuis B, Haenzi B, Andrews MR, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW. Integrins promote axonal regeneration after injury of the nervous system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1339-1362. [PMID: 29446228 PMCID: PMC6055631 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that form the link between extracellular matrix molecules of the cell environment and internal cell signalling and the cytoskeleton. They are involved in several processes, e.g. adhesion and migration during development and repair. This review focuses on the role of integrins in axonal regeneration. Integrins participate in spontaneous axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system through binding to various ligands that either inhibit or enhance their activation and signalling. Integrin biology is more complex in the central nervous system. Integrins receptors are transported into growing axons during development, but selective polarised transport of integrins limits the regenerative response in adult neurons. Manipulation of integrins and related molecules to control their activation state and localisation within axons is a promising route towards stimulating effective regeneration in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Nieuwenhuis
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Haenzi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
| | | | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor SystemsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)1105 BAAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit Amsterdam1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - James W. Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0PYU.K.
- Centre of Reconstructive NeuroscienceInstitute of Experimental Medicine142 20Prague 4Czech Republic
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21
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Chen ZM, Huang L, Li MM, Meng L, Ying SC, Xu AM. Inhibitory effects of isocryptotanshinone on gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9307. [PMID: 29915371 PMCID: PMC6006307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common digestive malignancies globally, and the prognosis of patients with advanced tumors remains poor. Isocryptotanshinone (ICTS), isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, was found to inhibit the proliferation of lung and breast cancer cells. However, whether ICTS has anticancer activities against GC is unknown. In the present study, we reported that the proliferation of GC cells was inhibited by ICTS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After treatment with ICTS, GC cells were arrested in the G1/G0 phase of cell cycle and the apoptotic cells were induced in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ICTS suppressed the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins (e.g., Cyclin D1, phosphorylated Rb, E2F1, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Survivin). ICTS inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner. Down-regulated STAT3 attenuated the expression of Cyclin D1, p-Rb, and Survivin, which remarkably increased the sensitivity of ICTS in GC cells; overexpression of STAT3 restored the cell growth and proliferation and the protein expression suppressed by ICTS. ICTS also suppressed the xenograft tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice. Together, these data indicate that ICTS inhibits GC proliferation by inducing G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Ming Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Song-Cheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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22
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Constitutive Activation of STAT3 in Myeloma Cells Cultured in a Three-Dimensional, Reconstructed Bone Marrow Model. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060206. [PMID: 29914181 PMCID: PMC6024941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells cultured in three-dimensional (3D) models have been found to be phenotypically and biochemically different from their counterparts cultured conventionally. Since most of these studies employed solid tumor types, how 3D culture affects multiple myeloma (MM) cells is not well understood. Here, we compared MM cells (U266 and RPMI8226) in a 3D culture model with those in conventional culture. While the conventionally cultured cells were present in single cells or small clusters, MM-3D cells grew in large spheroids. We discovered that STAT3 was the pathway that was more activated in 3D in both cell lines. The active form of STAT3 (phospho-STAT3 or pSTAT3), which was absent in MM cells cultured conventionally, became detectable after 1–2 days in 3D culture. This elevated pSTAT3 level was dependent on the 3D environment, since it disappeared after transferring to conventional culture. STAT3 inhibition using a pharmacological agent, Stattic, significantly decreased the cell viability of MM cells and sensitized them to bortezomib in 3D culture. Using an oligonucleotide array, we found that 3D culture significantly increased the expression of several known STAT3 downstream genes implicated in oncogenesis. Since most primary MM tumors are naturally STAT3-active, studies of MM in 3D culture can generate results that are more representative of the disease.
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23
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Xu X, Han K, Zhu J, Mao H, Lin X, Zhang Z, Cao B, Zeng Y, Mao X. An inhibitor of cholesterol absorption displays anti-myeloma activity by targeting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75539-75550. [PMID: 27705908 PMCID: PMC5342759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activated JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway is a high risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM), a fatal malignancy of plasma cells. In the present study, SC09, a potential inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, was identified in a STAT3-targeted drug screen. SC09 suppressed the activation of STAT3 in a time-course and concentration-dependent manner but did not affect its family members STAT1 and STAT5. SC09 inhibited STAT3 transcriptional activity and downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated genes. Further studies showed that SC09 selectively inhibited JAK2 activation but not other kinases including c-Src, ERK, p38 and mTOR that are all associated with STAT3 activation. Moreover, SC09 obviously induced MM cell death in vitro and delayed MM tumor growth in vivo. SC09-induced MM cell death was dependent on the endogenous STAT3 status, and this effect could be attenuated by enforced expression of STAT3. All the results collectively indicated that SC09 blocks the JAK2-STAT3 signaling thus displaying anti-MM activity. Given its well tolerance and anti-MM potency, SC09 is credited for further investigation as a promising drug for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunkun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongwu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zubin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanying Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital East Campus, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Schulze M, Violonchi C, Swoboda S, Welz T, Kerkhoff E, Hoja S, Brüggemann S, Simbürger J, Reinders J, Riemenschneider MJ. RELN signaling modulates glioblastoma growth and substrate-dependent migration. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:695-709. [PMID: 29222813 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and most malignant type of primary brain tumor and significantly contributes to cancer morbidity and mortality. Invasion into the healthy brain parenchyma is a major feature of glioblastoma aggressiveness. Reelin (RELN) is a large secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein that regulates neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain and sustains functionality in the adult brain. We here show that both RELN and its main downstream effector DAB1 are silenced in glioblastoma as compared to non-neoplastic tissue and mRNA expression is inversely correlated with malignancy grade. Furthermore, RELN expression is positively correlated with patient survival in two large, independent clinically annotated datasets. RELN silencing occurs via promoter hypermethylation as shown by both database mining and bisulfite sequencing of the RELN promoter. Consequently, treatment with 5'-Azacytidine and trichostatin A induced RELN expression in vitro. On the functional level, we found RELN to regulate glioblastoma cell migration both in a DAB1 (tyrosine phosphorylation)-dependent and -independent fashion, depending on the substrate provided. Moreover, stimulation of RELN signaling strongly reduced proliferation in glioblastoma cells. This phenotype depends on DAB1 stimulation by RELN, as a mutant that lacks all RELN induced tyrosine phosphorylation sites (DAB1-5F) failed to induce a growth arrest. Proteomic analyzes revealed that these effects are mediated by a reduction in E2F targets and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. Taken together, our data establish a relevance of RELN signaling in glioblastoma pathology and thereby might unearth novel, yet unrecognized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schulze
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christ Violonchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Swoboda
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welz
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoja
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Brüggemann
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johann Simbürger
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus J Riemenschneider
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.,Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematopoietic cancer that is characterized by malignant plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites. Multi-modality approaches including "novel agents," traditional chemotherapy, and/or stem cell transplantation are used in MM therapy. Drug resistance, however, ultimately develops and the disease remains incurable for the vast majority of patients. In this chapter, we review both tumor cell-autonomous and non-autonomous (microenvironment-dependent) mechanisms of drug resistance. MM provides an attractive paradigm highlighting a number of current concepts and challenges in oncology. Firstly, identification of MM cancer stem cells and their unique drug resistance attributes may provide rational avenues towards MM eradication and cure. Secondly, the oligoclonal evolution of MM and alternation of "clonal tides" upon therapy challenge our current understanding of treatment responses. Thirdly, the success of MM "novel agents" provides exemplary evidence for the impact of therapies that target the immune and non-immune microenvironment. Fourthly, the rapid pace of drug approvals for MM creates an impetus for development of precision medicine strategies and biomarkers that promote efficacy and mitigate toxicity and cost. While routine cure of the disease remains the ultimate and yet unattainable prize, MM advances in the last 10-15 years have provided an astounding paradigm for the treatment of blood cancers in the modern era and have radically transformed patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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26
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Morozevich GE, Kozlova NI, Susova OY, Lupatov AY, Berman AE. Hyperexpression of Integrin α5β1 Promotes Resistance of MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells to Doxorubicin via ERK Protein Kinase Down-regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1017-1024. [PMID: 28988530 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, α5β1 integrin hyperexpression, which was accomplished by transduction of a full-length α5 integrin cDNA, increased by about 50-70% the number of cells, survived during 48-72 h cell treatment with doxorubicin. Up-regulation of α5β1 reduced the level of the apoptogenic p53 protein and p21 cell cycle inhibitor, but enhanced the activity of Akt and mTOR protein kinases. In addition to these findings, we observed a significant decrease in the activity of both isoforms of phosphokinase Erk1/2, which is known to play a key role in cell viability pathways, including pathways alleviating stress damages caused by distinct antitumor drugs. Diminished Erk activity accompanying the rise of drug resistance can be explained by an "atypical" function of this kinase, which, in the cells studied, promotes an enhanced rather than reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin. To verify this suggestion, the effect of a specific Erk inhibitor, PD98059, on the resistance to doxorubicin of control and α5 cDNA-transduced MCF-7 cells was investigated. The data showed that suppression of Erk activity increased the resistance of control cells (transduced with an "empty" vector) to a level higher than that demonstrated by the α5 cDNA-transduced cells. The highest level of resistance was observed in α5β1-trancduced cells treated with PD98059. Akt and mTOR kinase inhibitors had little if any effect on doxorubicin resistance of α5 cDNA-transduced MCF-7 cells. The data show for the first time that integrin α5β1 can stimulate drug resistance of tumor cells through a mechanism based on the inhibition of protein kinase Erk. From a more general view, the results of this investigation suggest that signal protein kinases can perform in tumor cells "non-canonical" functions, opposite to those, which are the basis for using kinase inhibitors in targeted cancer therapy. It follows that if a protein kinase is supposed to be used as a target for such therapy, it is important to explore its features in the particular tumor prior to the onset of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Morozevich
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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27
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Dickreuter E, Cordes N. The cancer cell adhesion resistome: mechanisms, targeting and translational approaches. Biol Chem 2017; 398:721-735. [PMID: 28002024 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion-mediated resistance limits the success of cancer therapies and is a great obstacle to overcome in the clinic. Since the 1990s, where it became clear that adhesion of tumor cells to the extracellular matrix is an important mediator of therapy resistance, a lot of work has been conducted to understand the fundamental underlying mechanisms and two paradigms were deduced: cell adhesion-mediated radioresistance (CAM-RR) and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Preclinical work has evidently demonstrated that targeting of integrins, adapter proteins and associated kinases comprising the cell adhesion resistome is a promising strategy to sensitize cancer cells to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the cell adhesion resistome fundamentally contributes to adaptation mechanisms induced by radiochemotherapy as well as molecular drugs to secure a balanced homeostasis of cancer cells for survival and growth. Intriguingly, this phenomenon provides a basis for synthetic lethal targeted therapies simultaneously administered to standard radiochemotherapy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the cell adhesion resistome and highlight targeting strategies to override CAM-RR and CAM-DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Cordes
- , Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
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28
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Lin L, Zhang X, Cao L, An Q, Hao J, Zhang Y, Jin R, Chang Y, Huang X, Lu J, Ge Q. Reelin promotes adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to bone marrow stromal cells via integrin β1 signaling. J Cancer 2017; 8:2212-2222. [PMID: 28819423 PMCID: PMC5560138 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The close interaction between tumor cells and bone marrow stromal cells plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, is found expressed in myeloma cells and is negatively associated with prognosis. We examined the role of Reelin in myeloma cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells and the signaling pathways involved. The results revealed that Reelin promoted the adhesion of myeloma cells to HS-5, a bone marrow stromal cell line, via the activation of β1 integrin. The resulting phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) led to the activation of Syk/STAT3 and Akt. Reelin's high affinity receptor ApoER2 indirectly modulated the adhesion of myeloma cells by promoting Reelin expression via Sp1. These findings indicate an important role for Reelin/integrin-β1-induced myeloma cell adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Reelin/integrin/FAK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Quanming An
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China, 100044
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China, 100044
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China, 100044
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, P. R. China, 100191
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29
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Cho HJ, Park JH, Nam JH, Chang YC, Park B, Hoe HS. Ascochlorin Suppresses MMP-2-Mediated Migration and Invasion by Targeting FAK and JAK-STAT Signaling Cascades. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:300-313. [PMID: 28569433 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human glioblastomas express higher levels of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) than low-grade brain tumors and normal brain tissues. Ascochlorin (ASC) has anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, and synergistic effect in various types of cancer cells. However, it remains unknown whether ASC can affect cell migration and invasion in malignant human glioma cells. In this study, we found that ASC indeed inhibits cell migration and invasion in U373MG and A172. ASC significantly suppresses the MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity and expression in U373MG and A172. To determine the molecular mechanism by which ASC suppressed cell migration and invasion, we investigated whether ASC could modulate metastasis via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling, a potential drug target. ASC strongly inhibits the phosphorylation of FAK, and treatment with a FAK inhibitor significantly suppresses cancer cell migration in the presence of ASC. In addition, ASC significantly decreased phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3, cancer cell migration and nuclear translocation of STAT3. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC inhibits cell migration and invasion by blocking FAK and JAK/STAT signaling, resulting in reduced MMP-2 activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 300-313, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Cho
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Duryugongwon-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
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30
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Nam JH, Cho H, Kang H, Lee J, Jung M, Chang Y, Kim K, Hoe H. A Mercaptoacetamide‐Based Class II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suppresses Cell Migration and Invasion in Monomorphic Malignant Human Glioma Cells by Inhibiting FAK/STAT3 Signaling. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4672-4685. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han Nam
- Department of Neural Development and DiseaseKorea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)61, Cheomdan‐ro, Dong‐guDaegu41068Korea
| | - Hyun‐Ji Cho
- Department of Neural Development and DiseaseKorea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)61, Cheomdan‐ro, Dong‐guDaegu41068Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- Department of Neural Development and DiseaseKorea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)61, Cheomdan‐ro, Dong‐guDaegu41068Korea
| | - Ju‐Young Lee
- Department of Neural Development and DiseaseKorea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)61, Cheomdan‐ro, Dong‐guDaegu41068Korea
| | - Mira Jung
- Department of Radiation MedicineLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict Of Columbia, DC20057‐1464
| | - Young‐Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of MedicineCatholic University of Daegu School of MedicineDaegu42472Korea
| | - Keetae Kim
- Department of New BiologyDGISTDaegu42988Korea
| | - Hyang‐Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and DiseaseKorea Brain Research Institute (KBRI)61, Cheomdan‐ro, Dong‐guDaegu41068Korea
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31
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STAT3 mediates multidrug resistance of Burkitt lymphoma cells by promoting antioxidant feedback. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:182-188. [PMID: 28483518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell neoplasm. Although BL is relatively sensitive to chemotherapy, some patients do not respond to initial therapy or relapse after standard therapy, which leads to poor prognosis. The mechanisms underlying BL chemoresistance remain poorly defined. Here, we report a mechanism for the relationship between the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 and BL chemoresistance. In chemoresistant BL cells, STAT3 was activated and phosphorylated on Tyr705 in response to the generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induced Src Tyr416 phosphorylation after multi-chemotherapeutics treatment. As a transcription factor, the elevated phosphorylation level of STAT3Y705 increased the expression of GPx1 and SOD2, both of which protected cells against oxidative damage. Our findings revealed that the ROS-Src-STAT3-antioxidation pathway mediated negative feedback inhibition of apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. Thus, the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Tyr705 might be a target for the chemo-sensitization of BL.
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32
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Zhu J, Xu M, Gao M, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Xia T, Liu S. Graphene Oxide Induced Perturbation to Plasma Membrane and Cytoskeletal Meshwork Sensitize Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2637-2651. [PMID: 28208020 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding physicochemical properties endow graphene materials (e.g., graphene oxide, GO) with beneficial potentials in diverse biomedical fields such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and biomolecular detection. GO recently emerged as a chemosensitizer; however, the detailed molecular basis underlying GO-conducted sensitization and corresponding biological effects are still elusive. Based on our recent findings that GO treatment at sublethal concentrations could impair the general cellular priming state, including disorders of plasma membrane and cytoskeleton construction, we aimed here to explore the mechanism of GO as a sensitizer to make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents. We discovered that GO could not only compromise plasma membrane and cytoskeleton in J774A.1 macrophages and A549 lung cancer cells at sublethal concentrations without incurring significant cell death but also dampen a number of biological processes. Using the toxicogenomics approaches, we laid out the gene expression signature affected by GO and further defined those genes involved in membrane and cytoskeletal impairments responding to GO. The mechanistic investigation uncovered that the interactions of GO-integrin occurred on the plasma membrane and consequently activated the integrin-FAK-Rho-ROCK pathway and suppressed the expression of integrin, resulting in compromised cell membrane and cytoskeleton and a subsequent cellular priming state. By making use of this mechanism, the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin and cisplatin) could be enhanced by GO pretreatment in killing cancer cells. This study unveiled a feature of GO in cancer therapeutics: sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents by undermining the resistance capability of tumor cells against chemotherapeutic agents, at least partially, by compromising plasma membrane and cytoskeleton meshwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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Qin X, Lin L, Cao L, Zhang X, Song X, Hao J, Zhang Y, Wei R, Huang X, Lu J, Ge Q. Extracellular matrix protein Reelin promotes myeloma progression by facilitating tumor cell proliferation and glycolysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45305. [PMID: 28345605 PMCID: PMC5366887 DOI: 10.1038/srep45305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is crucial for neuron migration, adhesion, and positioning. We examined the expression of Reelin in a large cohort of multiple myeloma patients recorded in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used over-expression and siRNA knockdown of Reelin to investigate the role of Reelin in myeloma cell growth. We find that Reelin expression is negatively associated with myeloma prognosis. Reelin promotes myeloma cell proliferation in vitro as well as in vivo. The Warburg effect, evidenced by increased glucose uptake and lactate production, is also enhanced in Reelin-expressing cells. The activation of FAK/Syk/Akt/mTOR and STAT3 pathways contributes to Reelin-induced cancer cell growth and metabolic reprogramming. Our findings further reveal that activated Akt and STAT3 pathways induce the upregulation of HIF1α and its downstream targets (LDHA and PDK1), leading to increased glycolysis in myeloma cells. Together, our results demonstrate the critical contributions of Reelin to myeloma growth and metabolism. It presents an opportunity for myeloma therapeutic intervention by inhibiting Reelin and its signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Risheng Wei
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
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Asimakopoulos F, Hope C, Johnson MG, Pagenkopf A, Gromek K, Nagel B. Extracellular matrix and the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment: balancing tolerogenic and immunogenic inflammation in the myeloma niche. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:265-275. [PMID: 28254840 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1116-468r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 10-15 years have witnessed a revolution in treating multiple myeloma, an incurable cancer of Ab-producing plasma cells. Advances in myeloma therapy were ushered in by novel agents that remodel the myeloma immune microenvironment. The first generation of novel agents included immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide analogs) and proteasome inhibitors that target crucial pathways that regulate immunity and inflammation, such as NF-κB. This paradigm continued with the recent regulatory approval of mAbs (elotuzumab, daratumumab) that impact both tumor cells and associated immune cells. Moreover, recent clinical data support checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy in myeloma. With the success of these agents has come the growing realization that the myeloid infiltrate in myeloma lesions-what we collectively call the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment-variably sustains or deters tumor cells by shaping the inflammatory milieu of the myeloma niche and by promoting or antagonizing immune-modulating therapies. The myeloid-in-myeloma compartment includes myeloma-associated macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived-suppressor cells. These cell types reflect variable states of differentiation and activation of tumor-infiltrating cells derived from resident myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow-the canonical myeloma niche-or myeloid cells that seed both canonical and extramedullary, noncanonical niches. Myeloma-infiltrating myeloid cells engage in crosstalk with extracellular matrix components, stromal cells, and tumor cells. This complex regulation determines the composition, activation state, and maturation of the myeloid-in-myeloma compartment as well as the balance between immunogenic and tolerogenic inflammation in the niche. Redressing this balance may be a crucial determinant for the success of antimyeloma immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; .,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael G Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly Gromek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bradley Nagel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Jandial R, Choy C, Levy DM, Chen MY, Ansari KI. Astrocyte-induced Reelin expression drives proliferation of Her2 + breast cancer metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:185-196. [PMID: 28210910 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis to the brain develops after a clinical latency of years to even decades, suggesting that colonization of the brain is the most challenging step of the metastatic cascade. However, the underlying mechanisms used by breast cancer cells to successfully colonize the brain's microenvironment remain elusive. Reelin is an archetypal extracellular glycoprotein that regulates migration, proliferation, and lamination of neurons. It is epigenetically silenced in various cancers, and its expression in multiple myelomas is linked to poor patient survival. We found that Reelin expression was low in primary breast cancer tissue. However, its expression was significantly higher in Her2+ breast cancers metastasizing to the brain. In particular, Reelin was highly expressed in the tumor periphery adjacent to surrounding astrocytes. This augmented Reelin expression was seen in Her2+ metastases, but not in triple negative (TN) primary tumors or in TN breast to brain metastasis cells co-cultured with astrocytes. Furthermore, the elevated expression was sustained in Her2+ cells grown in the presence of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine, indicating epigenetic regulation of Reelin expression. The relative growth and rate of spheroids formation derived from Her2+ primary and BBM cells co-cultured with astrocytes were higher than those of TN primary and BBM cells, and knockdown of both Reelin and Her2 suppressed the astrocyte-induced growth and spheroid forming ability of Her2+ cells. Collectively, our results indicate that within the neural niche, astrocytes epigenetically regulate Reelin expression and its interaction with Her2 leading to increased proliferation and survival fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Cecilia Choy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Danielle M Levy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Mike Y Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Khairul I Ansari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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36
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Bock HH, May P. Canonical and Non-canonical Reelin Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:166. [PMID: 27445693 PMCID: PMC4928174 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that is essential for correct neuronal positioning during neurodevelopment and is important for synaptic plasticity in the mature brain. Moreover, Reelin is expressed in many extraneuronal tissues; yet the roles of peripheral Reelin are largely unknown. In the brain, many of Reelin's functions are mediated by a molecular signaling cascade that involves two lipoprotein receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (Apoer2) and very low density-lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr), the neuronal phosphoprotein Disabled-1 (Dab1), and members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases as crucial elements. This core signaling pathway in turn modulates the activity of adaptor proteins and downstream protein kinase cascades, many of which target the neuronal cytoskeleton. However, additional Reelin-binding receptors have been postulated or described, either as coreceptors that are essential for the activation of the "canonical" Reelin signaling cascade involving Apoer2/Vldlr and Dab1, or as receptors that activate alternative or additional signaling pathways. Here we will give an overview of canonical and alternative Reelin signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms involved, and their potential physiological roles in the context of different biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Bock
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra May
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany
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37
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Lin L, Wang P, Liu X, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Hao J, Liang X, Huang X, Lu J, Ge Q. Epigenetic regulation of reelin expression in multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol 2016; 35:685-692. [PMID: 27245998 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reelin (RELN) is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with the positioning and migration of neuronal cells and a few types of non-neuronal cells. We have previously reported RELN expression in multiple myeloma cells. High RELN expression was associated with poor prognosis and enhanced myeloma cell adhesion and survival. To examine the epigenetic regulation of RELN expression, its promoter methylation status in myeloma-derived cell lines and primary tumour cells from myeloma patients were analysed. RELN expression was moderate in CD19+ B cells and was upregulated in CD138+ plasma cells. A further upregulated RELN transcription was found in multiple myeloma cells. High expressions of RELN in myeloma cell lines as well as in patients were associated with hypomethylation in RELN promoter region. Demethylation increased RELN transcription in vitro. Together, we established that the methylation status of the promoter proximal cytosine-phospho-guanine dinucleotides determines the expression of RELN in myeloma cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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