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Herrera ML, Champarini LG, Basmadjian OM, Bellini MJ, Hereñú CB. IGF-1 gene therapy prevents spatial memory deficits and modulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration and inflammation in a parkinsonism model. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:851-866. [PMID: 38750702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is considered an indicator of the prodromal stages of this condition, occurring prior to the onset of classic and pathognomonic motor symptoms. Among other factors, neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of this neurodegenerative process, and glial cells are directly involved. However, the use of neurotrophic factors is associated with neuroprotection and cognitive improvements. Among all those factors, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has attracted considerable attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of IGF-1 gene therapy in an early animal model of 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA)- induced parkinsonism. For this purpose, we employed male Wistar rats. The animals were first divided into two groups according to the bilateral injection into de Caudate Putamen unit (CPu):(a) VEH group (vehicle solution) and (b) 6-OHDA group (neurotoxic solution). After that, the animals in each group were divided, according to the bilateral injection into the dorsal hippocampus, in a control group (who received a control virus RAd-DSRed) and an experimental group (who received a therapeutic virus (RAd-IGF1). After three weeks of exposure to 6-OHDA, our study showed that IGF-1 gene therapy improved cognitive deficits related to short-term and spatial working memory, it also increased expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the CPu. In addition, the therapy resulted in significant changes in several parameters (area, perimeter, roundness, ramification, and skeleton ́s analyses) related to microglia and astrocyte phenotypes, particularly in the CPu and dorsal hippocampal areas. Our data support the use of IGF-1 as a therapeutic molecule for future gene transfer interventions, that will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms correlating cognitive function and inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Lorena Herrera
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Gabriel Champarini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Martín Basmadjian
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María José Bellini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (INIBIOLP-CONICET-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Beatriz Hereñú
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Luo Y, Wang Z. The Impact of Microglia on Neurodevelopment and Brain Function in Autism. Biomedicines 2024; 12:210. [PMID: 38255315 PMCID: PMC10813633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, as one of the main types of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord. The normal number and function of microglia are very important for maintaining homeostasis in the CNS. In recent years, scientists have paid widespread attention to the role of microglia in the CNS. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, and patients with ASD have severe deficits in behavior, social skills, and communication. Most previous studies on ASD have focused on neuronal pathological changes, such as increased cell proliferation, accelerated neuronal differentiation, impaired synaptic development, and reduced neuronal spontaneous and synchronous activity. Currently, more and more research has found that microglia, as immune cells, can promote neurogenesis and synaptic pruning to maintain CNS homeostasis. They can usually reduce unnecessary synaptic connections early in life. Some researchers have proposed that many pathological phenotypes of ASD may be caused by microglial abnormalities. Based on this, we summarize recent research on microglia in ASD, focusing on the function of microglia and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. We aim to clarify the essential factors influenced by microglia in ASD and explore the possibility of microglia-related pathways as potential research targets for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Zaichick S, Caraveo G. Harnessing IGF-1 and IL-2 as biomarkers for calcineurin activity to tailor optimal FK506 dosage in α-synucleinopathies. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1292555. [PMID: 38094080 PMCID: PMC10716490 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1292555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rise in Calcium (Ca2+) and hyperactive Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin represent two key determinants of a-synuclein (a-syn) pathobiology implicated in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Calcineurin activity can be inhibited with FK506, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compound. Our previous work demonstrated a protective effect of low doses of FK506 against a-syn pathology in various models of a-syn related pathobiology. Methods: Control and a-syn-expressing mice (12-18 months old) were injected with vehicle or two single doses of FK506 administered 4 days apart. Cerebral cortex and serum from these mice were collected and assayed using a meso scale discovery quickplex SQ 120 for cytokines and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IGF-1. Results: In this study we present evidence that reducing calcineurin activity with FK506 in a-syn transgenic mice increased insulin growth factor (IGF-1), while simultaneously decreasing IL-2 levels in both cerebral cortex and serum. Discussion: The highly conserved Ca2+/calcineurin signaling pathway is known to be affected in a-syn-dependent human disease. FK506, an already approved drug for other uses, exhibits high brain penetrance and a proven safety profile. IL-2 and IGF-1 are produced throughout life and can be measured using standard clinical methods. Our findings provide two potential biomarkers that could guide a clinical trial of FK506 in PD patients, without posing significant logistical or regulatory challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hayes CA, Morgan NI, Thomas KC, Pushie MJ, Vijayasankar A, Ashmore BG, Wontor K, De Leon MA, Ashpole NM. Neuronal and Astrocyte Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Signaling Differentially Modulates Ischemic Stroke Damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.02.535245. [PMID: 37034764 PMCID: PMC10081310 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.02.535245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, as therapeutic options for mitigating the long-term deficits precipitated by the event remain limited. Acute administration of the neuroendocrine modulator insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) attenuates ischemic stroke damage in preclinical models, and clinical studies suggest IGF-1 can reduce the risk of stroke and improve overall outcomes. The cellular mechanism by which IGF-1 exerts this protection is poorly defined, as all cells within the neurovascular unit express the IGF-1 receptor. We hypothesize that the functional regulation of both neurons and astrocytes by IGF-1 is critical in minimizing damage in ischemic stroke. To test this, we utilized inducible astrocyte-specific or neuron-specific transgenic mouse models to selectively reduce IGF-1R in the adult mouse brain prior to photothrombotic stroke. Acute changes in blood brain barrier permeability, microglial activation, systemic inflammation, and biochemical composition of the brain were assessed 3 hours following photothrombosis, and significant protection was observed in mice deficient in neuronal and astrocytic IGF-1R. When the extent of tissue damage and sensorimotor dysfunction was assessed for 3 days following stroke, only the neurological deficit score continued to show improvements, and the extent of improvement was enhanced with additional IGF-1 supplementation. Overall, results indicate that neuronal and astrocytic IGF-1 signaling influences stroke damage but IGF-1 signaling within these individual cell types is not required for minimizing tissue damage or behavioral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellas A. Hayes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Nyah I. Morgan
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Kamryn C. Thomas
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - M. Jake. Pushie
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5E5 Canada
| | - Akshaya Vijayasankar
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Brandon G. Ashmore
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Kendall Wontor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Miguel A. De Leon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
| | - Nicole M. Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 386671
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Kaushik A, Kujawska M, Ahmed EA, Batiha GES. SARS-COV-2 infection and Parkinson's disease: Possible links and perspectives. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:952-975. [PMID: 36717481 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The hallmarks are the presence of Lewy bodies composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein and immune activation and inflammation in the brain. The neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 with induction of cytokine storm and neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of PD. Interestingly, overexpression of α-synuclein in PD patients may limit SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons; however, on the other hand, this virus can speed up the α-synuclein aggregation. The review aims to discuss the potential link between COVID-19 and the risk of PD, highlighting the need for further studies to authenticate the potential association. We have also overviewed the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the PD course and management. In this context, we presented the prospects for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and related PD cases that, beyond global vaccination and novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, may include the development of graphene-based nanoscale platforms offering antiviral and anti-amyloid strategies against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Li T, Pappas C, Klinedinst B, Pollpeter A, Larsen B, Hoth N, Anton F, Wang Q, Willette AA. Associations Between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Cognitively Unimpaired Midlife Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S309-S318. [PMID: 36710671 PMCID: PMC10473072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and increases disease risk. However, prior research examining IGF-1 levels and brain neural network activity is mixed. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the relationship between IGF-1 levels and 21 neural networks, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 13,235 UK Biobank participants. METHODS Linear mixed models were used to regress IGF-1 against the intrinsic functional connectivity (i.e., degree of network activity) for each neural network. Interactions between IGF-1 and AD risk factors such as Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype, sex, AD family history, and age were also tested. RESULTS Higher IGF-1 was associated with more network activity in the right Executive Function neural network. IGF-1 interactions with APOE4 or sex implicated motor, primary/extrastriate visual, and executive function related neural networks. Neural network activity trends with increasing IGF-1 were different in different age groups. Higher IGF-1 levels relate to much more network activity in the Sensorimotor Network and Cerebellum Network in early-life participants (40-52 years old), compared with mid-life (52-59 years old) and late-life (59-70 years old) participants. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sex and APOE4 genotype may modify the relationship between IGF-1 and brain network activities related to visual, motor, and cognitive processing. Additionally, IGF-1 may have an age-dependent effect on neural network connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Colleen Pappas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brandon Klinedinst
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Amy Pollpeter
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Brittany Larsen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nathan Hoth
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Faith Anton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Auriel A. Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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7
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Saikarthik J, Saraswathi I, Alarifi A, Al-Atram AA, Mickeymaray S, Paramasivam A, Shaikh S, Jeraud M, Alothaim AS. Role of neuroinflammation mediated potential alterations in adult neurogenesis as a factor for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Post-Acute COVID-19 syndrome-A narrative review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14227. [PMID: 36353605 PMCID: PMC9639419 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of symptoms beyond the initial 3 to 4 weeks after infection is defined as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). A wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders and cognitive disturbances have been observed in PACS. The review was conducted based on PRISMA-S guidelines for literature search strategy for systematic reviews. A cytokine storm in COVID-19 may cause a breach in the blood brain barrier leading to cytokine and SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain. This triggers an immune response in the brain by activating microglia, astrocytes, and other immune cells leading to neuroinflammation. Various inflammatory biomarkers like inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and adhesion molecules have been implicated in psychiatric disorders and play a major role in the precipitation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Impaired adult neurogenesis has been linked with a variety of disorders like depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and dementia. Persistence of neuroinflammation was observed in COVID-19 survivors 3 months after recovery. Chronic neuroinflammation alters adult neurogenesis with pro-inflammatory cytokines supressing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines favouring adult neurogenesis. Based on the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms/disorders in PACS, there is more possibility for a potential impairment in adult neurogenesis in COVID-19 survivors. This narrative review aims to discuss the various neuroinflammatory processes during PACS and its effect on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Saikarthik
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilango Saraswathi
- Department of Physiology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulaziz Alarifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Atram
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Mickeymaray
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Paramasivam
- Department of Physiology, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Kumaran Kottam Campus, Kannampalayan, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Saleem Shaikh
- Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathew Jeraud
- Department of Physiology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Tran S, Kuruppu S, Rajapakse NW. Chronic Renin-Angiotensin System Activation Induced Neuroinflammation: Common Mechanisms Underlying Hypertension and Dementia? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:943-955. [PMID: 34897090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for the pathogenesis of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes substantially to neuroinflammation. We propose that neuroinflammation arising from chronic RAS activation can initiate and potentiate the onset of hypertension and related dementia. Neuroinflammation induced by chronic activation of the RAS plays a key role in the pathogenesis of dementia. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β have been reported in brain tissue of vascular dementia patients and animal models of vascular dementia induced by either angiotensin II infusion or transverse aortic coarctation. It is proposed that neuronal cell death and synaptic dysfunction induced by neuroinflammation lead to cognitive impairment in dementia. The neuroprotective RAS pathway, regulated by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which converts angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7), can attenuate hypertension and dementia. Furthermore, the use of anti-hypertensive medications in preventing dementia or cognitive decline in hypertensive patients and animal models of dementia have mostly been beneficial. Current evidence suggests a strong link between RAS induced neuroinflammation and the onset of hypertension and dementia, which warrants further investigation. Strategies to counteract an overactive RAS and enhance the neuroprotective arm of the RAS may help prevent or improve cognitive impairment associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Tran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Bhat SA, Fatima Z, Sood A, Shukla R, Hanif K. The Protective Effects of AT2R Agonist, CGP42112A, Against Angiotensin II-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Astrocytes: Role of AT2R/PP2A/NFκB/ROS Signaling. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1991-2006. [PMID: 34529240 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2R) agonists have been known to promote neuroprotection by limiting ischemic insult, neuronal proliferation, and differentiation. Further, AT2R agonists have also been associated with the suppression of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Of note, brain astrocytes play a critical role in these neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. However, the role of AT2R in astrocytic activation remains elusive. Therefore, this study evaluated the role and molecular mechanism of AT2R agonist CGP42112A (CGP) against Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced astrocytic activation in primary astrocytes, and in a rat model of hypertension. Here, we demonstrated that AT2R activation by CGP abrogated Ang II-induced astrocytic activation, by mitigating the ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, IκB-α degradation, NFκB nuclear translocation, and release of TNF-α in astrocytes. However, AT2R-mediated anti-inflammatory effects were reversed by AT2R antagonist, PD123319 (PD), in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Mechanistically, AT2R via protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) abrogated the Ang II-induced NFκB activation, ROS generation, and subsequent astrocytic activation. Importantly, PP2A antagonist, okadaic acid, reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of AT2R in Ang II-stimulated primary astrocytes and in the cortex of hypertensive rats. Thus, the present study suggests that AT2R by activating PP2A inhibits oxidative stress and NFκB activation, thereby preventing the astrocytic pro-inflammatory activation. Therefore, AT2R might be advantageous therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases perpetuated by astrocytic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | | | - Anika Sood
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rae Bareli, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Mehmood Siddiqui E, Mehan S, Upadhayay S, Khan A, Halawi M, Ahmed Halawi A, Alsaffar RM. Neuroprotective efficacy of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine in experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6417-6431. [PMID: 34764759 PMCID: PMC8568986 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of brain injury, which is a major cause of mortality in humans. Hydrocephalus and cerebral hematoma lead to severe neurological deficits. A single autologous blood (ALB) injection in rats' brains induces hemorrhage and other conditions that regularly interfere with the standard treatment of several cellular and molecular pathways. Several studies have found that IGF-1/GLP-1 decreases the production of inflammatory markers in peripheral tissues, while some have found that they also have pro-inflammatory functions. Since these receptors are down-regulated in hemorrhagic situations, we looked into the potential neuroprotective effect of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HI); 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, an active compound Trigonellafoenum-graecum, on post-hemorrhagic deficits in rats. Long-term oral administration of 4-HI for 35 days has improved behavioral and neurochemical deficits and severe pathological changes and improved cellular and molecular markers, apoptotic markers in the ALB-induced ICH experimental model. Furthermore, the findings revealed that 4-HI also improved the levels of other neurotransmitters (Ach, DOPA, GABA, glutamate); inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-17), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, nitrite, LDH, AchE, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the brain when evaluated after Day 35. There is no proven treatment available for the prevention of post-brain hemorrhage and neurochemical malfunction; available therapy is only for symptomatic relief of the patient. Thus, 4-HI could be a potential clinical approach for treating post-brain haemorrhage and neurochemical changes caused by neurological damage. Furthermore, 4-HI may be linked to other standard therapeutic therapies utilized in ICH as a potential pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Halawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rana M Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box-173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Begenisic T, Pavese C, Aiachini B, Nardone A, Rossi D. Dynamics of biomarkers across the stages of traumatic spinal cord injury - implications for neural plasticity and repair. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:339-366. [PMID: 34657853 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex medical condition causing significant physical disability and psychological distress. While the adult spinal cord is characterized by poor regenerative potential, some recovery of neurological function is still possible through activation of neural plasticity mechanisms. We still have limited knowledge about the activation of these mechanisms in the different stages after human SCI. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the potential role of biomarkers of SCI as indicators of the plasticity mechanisms at work during the different phases of SCI. METHODS An extensive review of literature related to SCI pathophysiology, neural plasticity and humoral biomarkers was conducted by consulting the PubMed database. Research and review articles from SCI animal models and SCI clinical trials published in English until January 2021 were reviewed. The selection of candidates for humoral biomarkers of plasticity after SCI was based on the following criteria: 1) strong evidence supporting involvement in neural plasticity (mandatory); 2) evidence supporting altered expression after SCI (optional). RESULTS Based on selected findings, we identified two main groups of potential humoral biomarkers of neural plasticity after SCI: 1) neurotrophic factors including: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Neurotrofin-3 (NT-3), and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); 2) other factors including: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), and MicroRNAs (miRNAs). Plasticity changes associated with these biomarkers often can be both adaptive (promoting functional improvement) and maladaptive. This dual role seems to be influenced by their concentrations and time-window during SCI. CONCLUSIONS Further studies of dynamics of biomarkers across the stages of SCI are necessary to elucidate the way in which they reflect the remodeling of neural pathways. A better knowledge about the mechanisms underlying plasticity could guide the selection of more appropriate therapeutic strategies to enhance positive spinal network reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Begenisic
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavese
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aiachini
- Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Units, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Hayes CA, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Ashpole NM. Preclinical and clinical evidence of IGF-1 as a prognostic marker and acute intervention with ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:2475-2491. [PMID: 33757314 PMCID: PMC8504958 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are highly prevalent in the elderly population and are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The risk of ischemic stroke increases in advanced age, corresponding with a noted decrease in circulating insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 is a known neuroprotectant involved in embryonic development, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, cognition, and lifespan. Clinically, several studies have shown that reduced levels of IGF-1 correlate with increased mortality rate, poorer functional outcomes, and increased morbidities following an ischemic stroke. In animal models of ischemia, administering exogenous IGF-1 using various routes of administration (intranasal, intravenous, subcutaneous, or topical) at various time points prior to and following insult attenuates neurological damage and accompanying behavioral changes caused by ischemia. However, there are some contrasting findings in select clinical and preclinical studies. This review discusses the role of IGF-1 as a determinant factor of ischemic stroke outcomes, both within the clinical settings and preclinical animal models. Furthermore, the review provides insight on the role of IGF-1 in mechanisms and cellular processes that contribute to stroke damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cellas A Hayes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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13
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Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710303. [PMID: 34489641 PMCID: PMC8417110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of sedentary lifestyles have emerged as a critical aspect of modern society. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrated that physical exercise plays an important role not only in maintaining peripheral health but also in the regulation of central nervous system function. Many studies have shown that physical exercise promotes the release of molecules, involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, plasticity and neurogenesis, from several peripheral organs. Thus, aerobic exercise has emerged as an intriguing tool that, on one hand, could serve as a therapeutic protocol for diseases of the nervous system, and on the other hand, could help to unravel potential molecular targets for pharmacological approaches. In the present review, we will summarize the cellular interactions that mediate the effects of physical exercise on brain health, starting from the factors released in myocytes during muscle contraction to the cellular pathways that regulate higher cognitive functions, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Consorti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14
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Astrocytic IGF-IRs Induce Adenosine-Mediated Inhibitory Downregulation and Improve Sensory Discrimination. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4768-4781. [PMID: 33911021 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a key role in learning and memory processes. While the effects of IGF-I on neurons have been studied extensively, the involvement of astrocytes in IGF-I signaling and the consequences on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior remain unknown. We have found that IGF-I induces long-term potentiation (LTPIGFI) of the postsynaptic potentials that is caused by a long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice. We have demonstrated that this long-lasting decrease in the inhibitory synaptic transmission is evoked by astrocytic activation through its IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs). We show that LTPIGFI not only increases the output of pyramidal neurons, but also favors the NMDAR-dependent LTP, resulting in the crucial information processing at the barrel cortex since specific deletion of IGF-IR in cortical astrocytes impairs the whisker discrimination task. Our work reveals a novel mechanism and functional consequences of IGF-I signaling on cortical inhibitory synaptic plasticity and animal behavior, revealing that astrocytes are key elements in these processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays key regulatory roles in multiple processes of brain physiology, such as learning and memory. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here we demonstrate that astrocytes respond to IGF-I signaling, elevating their intracellular Ca2+ and stimulating the release of ATP/adenosine, which triggers the LTD of cortical inhibitory synapses, thus regulating the behavioral task performance related to cortical sensory information processing. Therefore, the present work represents a major conceptual advance in our knowledge of the cellular basis of IGF-I signaling in brain function, by including for the first time astrocytes as key mediators of IGF-I actions on synaptic plasticity, cortical sensory information discrimination and animal behavior.
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15
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Maglio LE, Noriega-Prieto JA, Maroto IB, Martin-Cortecero J, Muñoz-Callejas A, Callejo-Móstoles M, Fernández de Sevilla D. IGF-1 facilitates extinction of conditioned fear. eLife 2021; 10:e67267. [PMID: 33792539 PMCID: PMC8043742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and anxiety-like behavioral processes. While IGF-1 regulates neuronal firing and synaptic transmission in many areas of the central nervous system, its signaling and consequences on excitability, synaptic plasticity, and animal behavior dependent on the prefrontal cortex remain unexplored. Here, we show that IGF-1 induces a long-lasting depression of the medium and slow post-spike afterhyperpolarization (mAHP and sAHP), increasing the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the rat infralimbic cortex. Besides, IGF-1 mediates a presynaptic long-term depression of both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in these neurons. The net effect of this IGF-1-mediated synaptic plasticity is a long-term potentiation of the postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, we demonstrate that IGF-1 favors the fear extinction memory. These results show novel functional consequences of IGF-1 signaling, revealing IGF-1 as a key element in the control of the fear extinction memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Maglio
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología) and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - José A Noriega-Prieto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Irene B Maroto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Martin-Cortecero
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysic, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Callejo-Móstoles
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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16
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Experimental data using candesartan and captopril indicate no double-edged sword effect in COVID-19. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:465-481. [PMID: 33479758 PMCID: PMC7851407 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The key link between renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and COVID-19 is ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which acts as a double-edged sword, because ACE2 increases the tissue anti-inflammatory response but it is also the entry receptor for the virus. There is an important controversy on several drugs that regulate RAS activity and possibly ACE2, and are widely used, particularly by patients most vulnerable to severe COVID-19. In the lung of healthy rats, we observed that candesartan (an angiotensin type-1, AT1, receptor blocker; ARB) and captopril (an ACE inhibitor; ACEI) up-regulated expression of tissue ACE2 and RAS anti-inflammatory axis receptors (AT2 and Mas receptors). This effect was particularly pronounced in rats with metabolic syndrome (obesity, increased blood pressure and hyperglycemia) and aged rats. Treatment of cultures of human type-II pneumocytes with candesartan or captopril induced up-regulation of ACE2 expression in cells. Treatment with viral spike protein induced a decrease in full-length (i.e. transmembrane) ACE2, an increase in levels of a short intracellular ACE2 polypeptide and an increase in ADAM17 activity in cells, together with an increase in levels of soluble ACE2 and major proinflammatory cytokines in the culture medium. Spike protein-induced changes and levels of spike protein internalization in cells were inhibited by pretreatment with the above-mentioned drugs. The results suggest that these drugs increase ACE2 levels and promote the anti-inflammatory RAS axis in the lung. Furthermore, possible up-regulation of viral entry by the drug-induced increase in expression of transmembrane ACE2 is counteracted by additional mechanisms, particularly by drug-induced inhibition of ADAM17 activity.
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17
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Breton JM, Long KLP, Barraza MK, Perloff OS, Kaufer D. Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis II: Implications for Myelin Repair. Biomolecules 2021; 11:290. [PMID: 33669242 PMCID: PMC7919830 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in myelin, the protective and insulating sheath surrounding axons, affect brain function, as is evident in demyelinating diseases where the loss of myelin leads to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that changes in myelination, including both hyper- and hypo-myelination, may also play a role in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Protecting myelin and promoting remyelination is thus crucial for a wide range of disorders. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the cells that generate myelin, and oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, continues throughout life and is necessary for myelin plasticity and remyelination. Understanding the regulation of oligodendrogenesis and myelin plasticity within disease contexts is, therefore, critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. In our companion manuscript, we review literature demonstrating that multiple hormone classes are involved in the regulation of oligodendrogenesis under physiological conditions. The majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. Thus, hormonal treatments present a promising route to promote remyelination. Here, we review the literature on hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within the context of disorders. We focus on steroid hormones, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, peptide hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1, and thyroid hormones. For each hormone, we describe whether they aid in OL survival, differentiation, or remyelination, and we discuss their mechanisms of action, if known. Several of these hormones have yielded promising results in both animal models and in human conditions; however, a better understanding of hormonal effects, interactions, and their mechanisms will ultimately lead to more targeted therapeutics for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kimberly L P Long
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew K Barraza
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olga S Perloff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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18
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Long KLP, Breton JM, Barraza MK, Perloff OS, Kaufer D. Hormonal Regulation of Oligodendrogenesis I: Effects across the Lifespan. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020283. [PMID: 33672939 PMCID: PMC7918364 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain’s capacity to respond to changing environments via hormonal signaling is critical to fine-tuned function. An emerging body of literature highlights a role for myelin plasticity as a prominent type of experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. Myelin plasticity is driven by oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursor cells (OPCs). OPC differentiation regulates the trajectory of myelin production throughout development, and importantly, OPCs maintain the ability to proliferate and generate new OLs throughout adulthood. The process of oligodendrogenesis, the creation of new OLs, can be dramatically influenced during early development and in adulthood by internal and environmental conditions such as hormones. Here, we review the current literature describing hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis within physiological conditions, focusing on several classes of hormones: steroid, peptide, and thyroid hormones. We discuss hormonal regulation at each stage of oligodendrogenesis and describe mechanisms of action, where known. Overall, the majority of hormones enhance oligodendrogenesis, increasing OPC differentiation and inducing maturation and myelin production in OLs. The mechanisms underlying these processes vary for each hormone but may ultimately converge upon common signaling pathways, mediated by specific receptors expressed across the OL lineage. However, not all of the mechanisms have been fully elucidated, and here, we note the remaining gaps in the literature, including the complex interactions between hormonal systems and with the immune system. In the companion manuscript in this issue, we discuss the implications of hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis for neurological and psychiatric disorders characterized by white matter loss. Ultimately, a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of hormonal regulation of oligodendrogenesis across the entire lifespan, especially in vivo, will progress both basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. P. Long
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.M.B.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jocelyn M. Breton
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.M.B.); (D.K.)
| | - Matthew K. Barraza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Olga S. Perloff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (J.M.B.); (D.K.)
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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19
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Zhao L, Zhang B, Huang S, Zhou Z, Jia X, Qiao C, Wang F, Sun M, Shi Y, Yao L, Cui C, Shen Y. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Enhances Motoneuron Survival and Inhibits Neuroinflammation After Spinal Cord Transection in Zebrafish. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1373-1384. [PMID: 33481118 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor produced locally in the central nervous system which can promote axonal regeneration, protect motoneurons, and inhibit neuroinflammation. In this study, we used the zebrafish spinal transection model to investigate whether IGF-1 plays an important role in the recovery of motor function. Unlike mammals, zebrafish can regenerate axons and restore mobility in remarkably short period after spinal cord transection. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence showed decreased IGF-1 expression in the lesion site. Double immunostaining for IGF-1 and Islet-1 (motoneuron marker)/GFAP (astrocyte marker)/Iba-1 (microglia marker) showed that IGF-1 was mainly expressed in motoneurons and was surrounded by astrocyte and microglia. Following administration of IGF-1 morpholino at the lesion site of spinal-transected zebrafish, swimming test showed retarded recovery of mobility, the number of motoneurons was reduced, and increased immunofluorescence density of microglia was caused. Our data suggested that IGF-1 enhances motoneuron survival and inhibits neuroinflammation after spinal cord transection in zebrafish, which suggested that IGF-1 might be involved in the motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhao
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boping Zhang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shubing Huang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilan Zhou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Jia
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenmeng Qiao
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengfei Sun
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanqin Shen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Horowitz A, Saugier-Veber P, Gilard V. Inference of Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets From CSF Proteomics for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576028. [PMID: 33192320 PMCID: PMC7609871 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Rouen, France
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Vianney Gilard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Normandy University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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21
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Chrissobolis S, Luu AN, Waldschmidt RA, Yoakum ME, D'Souza MS. Targeting the renin angiotensin system for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173063. [PMID: 33115635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotional disorders like anxiety and depression are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality all over the world. Several antidepressant and anxiolytic medications are available for the treatment of anxiety and depression. However, a significant number of patients either do not respond to these medications or respond inadequately. Hence, there is a need to identify novel targets for the treatment of anxiety and depression. In this review we focus on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) as a potential target for the treatment of these disorders. We review work that has evaluated the effects of various compounds targeting the RAS on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Further, we suggest future work that must be carried out to fully exploit the RAS for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The RAS provides an attractive target for both the identification of novel anxiolytic and antidepressant medications and/or for enhancing the efficacy of currently available medications used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophocles Chrissobolis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Anh N Luu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Ryan A Waldschmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Madison E Yoakum
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America
| | - Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 S Main Street, Ada, OH 45810, United States of America.
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22
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Valenzuela R, Costa-Besada MA, Villar-Cheda B, Rodriguez-Perez AI. The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: Friend or foe. Some light from the dopaminergic neurons. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101919. [PMID: 33039415 PMCID: PMC7543790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the oldest hormone systems in vertebrate phylogeny. RAS was initially related to regulation of blood pressure and sodium and water homeostasis. However, local or paracrine RAS were later identified in many tissues, including brain, and play a major role in their physiology and pathophysiology. In addition, a major component, ACE2, is the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Overactivation of tissue RAS leads several oxidative stress and inflammatory processes involved in aging-related degenerative changes. In addition, a third level of RAS, the intracellular or intracrine RAS (iRAS), with still unclear functions, has been observed. The possible interaction between the intracellular and extracellular RAS, and particularly the possible deleterious or beneficial effects of the iRAS activation are controversial. The dopaminergic system is particularly interesting to investigate the RAS as important functional interactions between dopamine and RAS have been observed in the brain and several peripheral tissues. Our recent observations in mitochondria and nucleus of dopaminergic neurons may clarify the role of the iRAS. This may be important for the developing of new therapeutic strategies, since the effects on both extracellular and intracellular RAS must be taken into account, and perhaps better understanding of COVID-19 cell mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Costa-Besada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Villar-Cheda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
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Adamis D, Coada I, Eikelenboom P, Chu CS, Finn K, Melvin V, Williams J, Meagher DJ, McCarthy G. Delirium, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone in older inpatients. World J Psychiatry 2020; 10:212-222. [PMID: 33014722 PMCID: PMC7515747 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v10.i9.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a common disorder in elderly medical inpatients with serious adverse outcomes and is characterized by sudden onset, disturbance in attention, awareness, consciousness and cognition, and often with behavioural disturbances. Central to understanding delirium, is understanding mechanisms by which body and brain wellbeing are linked and in particular how brain responses to bodily homeostatic stress is mediated. A number of studies have investigated the relationship between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and delirium in medically ill hospitalised patients with conflicting results. However, none have investigated growth hormone (GH) which is related to IGF-I via negative feedback.
AIM To investigate the relationship between serum levels of IGF-I and GH, and the occurrence of delirium.
METHODS Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Consecutive elderly inpatients (aged 70+), were assessed twice weekly with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Confusion assessment method (CAM), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. Delirium was defined using CAM. Previous history of dementia was evaluated with the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. IGF-I and GH levels were estimated with the ELISA method. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied for the first five assessments to analyze those longitudinal data.
RESULTS The sample consisted of 198 participants (mean age 80.63 ± 6.81; range 70-97). Of these 92 (46.5%) were females. Eighty six (43.4%) were identified with a history of dementia. Incident or prevalent delirium during hospitalisation was identified with CAM in 40 participants (20.2%). Evaluation of missing values with Little's MCAR test indicated that they were missing completely at random (MCAR χ2 = 12.24, u: 9, P = 0.20). Using GEE for the analysis we found that low MoCA scores, low levels of IGF-I and high levels of GH were significantly associated with any delirium (prevalence, incident, or fluctuating , during the study period (Wald χ2 = 12.231; u: 1, P < 0.001, Wald χ2 = 7.196, u: 1, P = 0.007, Wald χ2 = 6.210; : u: 1, P = 0.013 respectively).
CONCLUSION The results show that low levels of IGF-I, high levels of GH and low scores in cognition are independently associated with the occurrence of any delirium during the hospitalisation of medically ill older people. The results of the study supports the hypothesis that deficits in the immunoreactivity of the brain (low cerebral reserve) may be associated with delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Adamis
- Department of Psychiatry, Sligo/Leitrim Mental Health Services, Sligo F91 CD34, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Academic Institute of Athens, Athens 11742, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Iulian Coada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sligo/Leitrim Mental Health Services, Sligo F91 CD34, Ireland
| | - Piet Eikelenboom
- Department of Psychiatry, GGZinGeest and VuMC, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Science, School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Vincent Melvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sligo/Leitrim Mental Health Services, Sligo F91 CD34, Ireland
| | - John Williams
- Department of Pathology, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo F91 H684, Ireland
| | - David James Meagher
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick V94 F858, Ireland
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Sligo/Leitrim Mental Health Services, Sligo F91 CD34, Ireland
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24
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Janowska J, Gargas J, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Zalewska T, Sypecka J. Oligodendrocyte Response to Pathophysiological Conditions Triggered by Episode of Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: Role of IGF-1 Secretion by Glial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4250-4268. [PMID: 32691304 PMCID: PMC7467917 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors towards myelinating cells is influenced by a plethora of exogenous instructive signals. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one of the major factors regulating cell survival, proliferation, and maturation. Recently, there is an ever growing recognition concerning the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 signaling in brain development and metabolism. Since oligodendrocyte functioning is altered after the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult, a question arises if the injury exerts any influence on the IGF-1 secreted by neural cells and how possibly the change in IGF-1 concentration affects oligodendrocyte growth. To quantify the secretory activity of neonatal glial cells, the step-wise approach by sequentially using the in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models of perinatal asphyxia was applied. A comparison of the results of in vivo and ex vivo studies allowed evaluating the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-1 signaling. Accordingly, astroglia were indicated to be the main local source of IGF-1 in the developing brain, and the factor secretion was shown to be significantly upregulated during the first 24 h after the hypoxic-ischemic insult. And conversely, the IGF-1 amounts released by oligodendrocytes and microglia significantly decreased. A morphometric examination of oligodendrocyte differentiation by means of the Sholl analysis showed that the treatment with low IGF-1 doses markedly improved the branching of oligodendroglial cell processes and, in this way, promoted their differentiation. The changes in the IGF-1 amounts in the nervous tissue after HI might contribute to the resulting white matter disorders, observed in newborn children who experienced perinatal asphyxia. Pharmacological modulation of IGF-1 secretion by neural cells could be reasonable solution in studies aimed at searching for therapies alleviating the consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Gargas
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Rodriguez-Perez AI, Garrido-Gil P, Pedrosa MA, Garcia-Garrote M, Valenzuela R, Navarro G, Franco R, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin type 2 receptors: Role in aging and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:256-271. [PMID: 31863823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactivity of the angiotensin-type-1 receptor (AT1)/NADPH-oxidase axis enhances aging processes, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The role of AT2 receptors in the above-mentioned AT1-related effects in the aged brain, particularly substantia nigra, was investigated in this study. In the nigra, we observed a progressive decrease in AT2 mRNA expression with aging, and AT2 deletion led to changes in spontaneous motor behavior, dopamine receptors, renin-angiotensin system, and pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers similar to those observed in aged wild type (WT) mice. Both aged WT mice and young AT2 KO mice showed an increased AT1, decreased MAS receptor and increased angiotensinogen mRNA and/or protein expression, as well as upregulation of pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory markers. In cultures of microglial cells, activation of AT2 receptors inhibited the LPS-induced increase in AT1 mRNA and protein expression and neuroinflammatory markers. Both in AT2 KO microglial cultures and microglia obtained from adult AT2 KO mice, an increase in AT1 mRNA expression was observed. In cultured dopaminergic neurons, AT2 activation down-regulated AT1 mRNA and protein, and dopaminergic neurons from adult AT2 KO mice showed upregulation of AT1 mRNA expression. Both in microglia and dopaminergic neurons the pathway AT2/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate mediates the regulation of the AT1 mRNA and protein expression through downregulation of the Sp1 transcription factor. MAS receptors are also involved in the regulation of AT1 mRNA and protein expression by AT2. The results suggest that an aging-related decrease in AT2 expression plays a major role in the aging-related AT1 overexpression and AT1-related pro-inflammatory pro-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Dept. of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Dept. of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria A Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Dept. of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Garrote
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Dept. of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Dept. of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Dept. of Morphological Sciences, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
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26
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Glucose signaling in the brain and periphery to memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:100-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Muñoz A, Corrêa CL, Lopez-Lopez A, Costa-Besada MA, Diaz-Ruiz C, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Physical Exercise Improves Aging-Related Changes in Angiotensin, IGF-1, SIRT1, SIRT3, and VEGF in the Substantia Nigra. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1594-1601. [PMID: 29659739 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in oxidative and inflammatory processes observed in major aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Physical exercise has beneficial effects against aging-related changes, dopaminergic neuron vulnerability, and PD progression. The present study indicates that sedentary aged rats have an increase in activity of the nigral angiotensin (Ang) II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1) axis (ie, the pro-oxidative pro-inflammatory arm), and a decrease in the activity of the RAS protective arm (ie, Ang II/AT2 and Ang 1-7/Mas receptor axis) in comparison with young rats. In addition, sedentary aged rats showed a decrease in levels of nigral IGF-1, SIRT1, SIRT3, and VEGF. Treadmill running induced a significant increase in levels of IGF-1, SIRT1, SIRT3, and VEGF, as well as an increase in expression of the protective Ang 1-7/Mas axis and inhibition of the Ang II/AT1 axis. The exercise-induced increase in IGF-1 and sirtuins may mediate the effects of exercise on the nigral RAS. However, exercise may induce the increase in VEGF and modulation of RAS activity by different pathways. Exercise, via RAS, contributes to inhibition of the pro-oxidative and proinflammatory state that increase dopaminergic neuron vulnerability and risk of PD with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Muñoz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clynton L Corrêa
- Faculty of Medicine, Master Program of Physical Education - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lopez-Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Costa-Besada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Diaz-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Nagashima T, Iino Y, Tomioka M. DAF-16/FOXO promotes taste avoidance learning independently of axonal insulin-like signaling. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008297. [PMID: 31323047 PMCID: PMC6668909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The avoidance of starvation is critical for the survival of most organisms, thus animals change behavior based on past nutritional conditions. Insulin signaling is important for nutritional state-dependent behavioral plasticity, yet the underlying regulatory mechanism at the cellular level remains unclear. Previous studies showed that insulin-like signaling is required for taste avoidance learning, in which the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans avoids salt concentrations encountered under starvation conditions. DAF-2c, a splice isoform of the DAF-2 insulin receptor, functions in the axon of the ASER sensory neuron, which senses changes in salt concentrations. In addition, mutants of a major downstream factor of DAF-2, the forkhead transcription factor O (FOXO) homolog DAF-16, show defects in taste avoidance learning. Interestingly, the defect of the daf-2 mutant is not suppressed by daf-16 mutations in the learning, unlike those in other phenomena, such as longevity and development. Here we show that multiple DAF-16 isoforms function in ASER. By epistasis analysis using a DAF-2c isoform-specific mutant and an activated form of DAF-16, we found that DAF-16 acts in the nucleus in parallel with the DAF-2c-dependent pathway in the axon, indicating that insulin-like signaling acts both in the cell body and axon of a single neuron, ASER. Starvation conditioning induces nuclear translocation of DAF-16 in ASER and degradation of DAF-16 before starvation conditioning causes defects in taste avoidance learning. Forced nuclear localization of DAF-16 in ASER biased chemotaxis towards lower salt concentrtions and this effect required the Gq/PKC pathway and neuropeptide processing enzymes. These data imply that DAF-16/FOXO transmits starvation signals and modulates neuropeptide transmission in the learning. Animals change behavior based on remembered experiences of hunger and appetite. Signaling by insulin and insulin-like peptides in the nervous system plays key roles in behavioral responses to hunger and satiety. In C. elegans, insulin-like signaling in the gustatory sensory neuron ASER regulates learned avoidance of salt concentrations experienced during fasting, which we call taste avoidance learning. DAF-2c, an isoform of the insulin receptor homolog, is localized to the axon of ASER and regulates taste avoidance learning. Here, we show that DAF-16, the forkhead transcription factor O (FOXO) homolog, translocates into the nucleus of ASER during fasting and promotes taste avoidance learning. DAF-16 is negatively regulated by insulin-like signaling independently of axonal DAF-2c signaling. This dual function of insulin-like signaling in the cell body and the axon ensures dynamic changes in behavioral responses after experience of hunger. By genetic analyses using constitutively nuclear-translocated DAF-16, we show that DAF-16 in ASER regulates taste avoidance learning via modulating neuropeptide signaling in the nervous system, which is reminiscent of the function of FOXO in the hypothalamus in the regulation of food-seeking behavior in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Bar E, Barak B. Microglia roles in synaptic plasticity and myelination in homeostatic conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders. Glia 2019; 67:2125-2141. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ela Bar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, and The Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, and The Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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30
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Falomir-Lockhart E, Dolcetti FJC, García-Segura LM, Hereñú CB, Bellini MJ. IGF1 Gene Therapy Modifies Microglia in the Striatum of Senile Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:48. [PMID: 30890930 PMCID: PMC6411822 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells become dystrophic with aging; this phenotypic alteration contributes to basal central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammation being a risk factor for age related neurodegenerative diseases. In previous studies we have observed that insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene therapy is a feasible approach to target brain cells, and that is effective to modify inflammatory response in vitro and to ameliorate cognitive or motor deficits in vivo. Based on these findings, the main aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of IGF1 gene therapy on microglia distribution and morphology in the senile rat. We found that IGF1 therapy leads to a region-specific modification of aged microglia population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Falomir-Lockhart
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco Juan Cruz Dolcetti
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Beatriz Hereñú
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UNC-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Jose Bellini
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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31
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Dual Roles of Astrocyte-Derived Factors in Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Function after Brain Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030571. [PMID: 30699952 PMCID: PMC6387062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major functional barrier in the central nervous system (CNS), and inhibits the extravasation of intravascular contents and transports various essential nutrients between the blood and the brain. After brain damage by traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia and several other CNS disorders, the functions of the BBB are disrupted, resulting in severe secondary damage including brain edema and inflammatory injury. Therefore, BBB protection and recovery are considered novel therapeutic strategies for reducing brain damage. Emerging evidence suggests key roles of astrocyte-derived factors in BBB disruption and recovery after brain damage. The astrocyte-derived vascular permeability factors include vascular endothelial growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, glutamate and endothelin-1, which enhance BBB permeability leading to BBB disruption. By contrast, the astrocyte-derived protective factors include angiopoietin-1, sonic hedgehog, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, retinoic acid and insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein E which attenuate BBB permeability resulting in recovery of BBB function. In this review, the roles of these astrocyte-derived factors in BBB function are summarized, and their significance as therapeutic targets for BBB protection and recovery after brain damage are discussed.
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Dobolyi A, Lékó AH. The insulin-like growth factor-1 system in the adult mammalian brain and its implications in central maternal adaptation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:181-194. [PMID: 30552909 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge on the bioavailability and actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has markedly expanded in recent years as novel mechanisms were discovered on IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their ability to release IGF-1. The new discoveries allowed a better understanding of the endogenous physiological actions of IGF-1 and also its applicability in therapeutics. The focus of the present review is to summarize novel findings on the neuronal, neuroendocrine and neuroplastic actions of IGF-1 in the adult brain. As most of the new regulatory mechanisms were described in the periphery, their implications on brain IGF system will also be covered. In addition, novel findings on the effects of IGF-1 on lactation and maternal behavior are described. Based on the enormous neuroplastic changes related to the peripartum period, IGF-1 has great but largely unexplored potential in maternal adaptation of the brain, which is highlighted in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András H Lékó
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Molecular Basis of the Brain Renin Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disorders: Uncovering a Key Role for the Astroglial Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor AT1R. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:251-264. [PMID: 29752427 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central renin angiotensin system (RAS) is one of the most widely investigated cardiovascular systems in the brain. It is implicated in a myriad of cardiovascular diseases. However, studies from the last decade have identified its involvement in several neurologic abnormalities. Understanding the molecular functionality of the various RAS components can thus provide considerable insight into the phenotypic differences and mechanistic drivers of not just cardiovascular but also neurologic disorders. Since activation of one of its primary receptors, the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), results in an augmentation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, it becomes essential to investigate not just neuronal RAS but glial RAS as well. Glial cells are key homeostatic regulators in the brain and are critical players in the resolution of overt oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Designing better and effective therapeutic strategies that target the brain RAS could well hinge on understanding the molecular basis of both neuronal and glial RAS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major studies that have investigated the mechanisms and regulation of the brain RAS, and it also provides insight into the potential role of glial AT1Rs in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (D.H.); and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (M.A.C.)
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (D.H.); and College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (M.A.C.)
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Lee SH, Suk K. Identification of glia phenotype modulators based on select glial function regulatory signaling pathways. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:627-641. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1465925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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35
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Jiang L, Zhu R, Bu Q, Li Y, Shao X, Gu H, Kong J, Luo L, Long H, Guo W, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Brain Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion and Neurotoxicity. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:500-510. [PMID: 29464572 PMCID: PMC5935642 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse has become a major public health concern worldwide without approved pharmacotherapies. The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the regulation of neuronal function as well as neurological disorders. Angiotensin II (Ang II), which interacts with Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) in the brain, plays an important role as a neuromodulator in dopaminergic transmission. However, the role of brain RAS in METH-induced behavior is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that repeated METH administration significantly upregulated the expression of AT1-R in the striatum of mice, but downregulated dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) expression. A specific AT1-R blocker telmisartan, which can penetrate the brain-blood barrier (BBB), or genetic deletion of AT1-R was sufficient to attenuate METH-triggered hyperlocomotion in mice. However, intraperitoneal injection of AT1-R blocker losartan, which cannot penetrate BBB, failed to attenuate METH-induced behavior. Moreover, intra-striatum re-expression of AT1 with lentiviral virus expressing AT1 reversed the weakened locomotor activity of AT1-/- mice treated with METH. Losartan alleviated METH-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells in vitro, which was accompanied by upregulated expressions of D3R and dopamine transporter. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of perindopril, which is a specific ACE inhibitor and can penetrate BBB, significantly attenuated METH-induced hyperlocomotor activity. Collectively, our results show that blockade of brain RAS attenuates METH-induced hyperlocomotion and neurotoxicity possibly through modulation of D3R expression. Our findings reveal a novel role of Ang II-AT1-R in METH-induced hyperlocomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Shao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui Gu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jueying Kong
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hailei Long
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Guo
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng Street, High-tech Development Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Hsu PY, Lin WY, Lin RT, Juo SHH. MicroRNA let-7g inhibits angiotensin II-induced endothelial senescence via the LOX-1-independent mechanism. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2243-2251. [PMID: 29393358 PMCID: PMC5810198 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial senescence leads to cell dysfunction, which in turn eventually results in cardiovascular disease. Identifying factors that regulate endothelial senescence may provide insight into the pathogenesis of aging. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling has a significant role in the physiology of endothelial cells (ECs). Overactivation of IGF signaling has been implicated in promoting the aging process. Lectin‑like oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor‑1 (LOX‑1) is a scavenger receptor that mediates the internalization of oxLDL into cells. Previous studies by our group have indicated that microRNA let‑7g exerts an anti‑aging effect on ECs and also suppresses LOX-1 expression. Since LOX‑1 also induces the aging process, the present study we explored whether let‑7g still exerts an anti‑aging effect on ECs when LOX‑1 is suppressed. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce senescence in ECs. It was revealed that Ang II significantly increased the expression of aging markers, including β‑galactosidase, LOX‑1, IGF1 and its receptor IGF1R. On the contrary, Ang II decreased the expression of the anti‑aging gene sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). When LOX‑1 was knocked down by small interfering RNA, let‑7g still dose‑dependently decreased the expression of β‑galactosidase (β‑gal), LOX‑1, IGF1 and IGF1R, and SIRT1 was still upregulated. Using senescence‑associated β‑gal staining, it was confirmed that let‑7g exerts a LOX‑1‑independent anti‑aging effect on ECs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that let‑7g has an anti‑aging effect regardless of the presence or absence of LOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan R.O.C
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Ji Y, Duan W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu C, Li Y, Wen D, Li Z, Li C. IGF1 affects macrophage invasion and activation and TNF-α production in the sciatic nerves of female SOD1G93A mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 668:1-6. [PMID: 29294332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to paralysis and death within 3-5 years of its diagnosis. The SOD1G93A mouse is used extensively as an ALS animal model. Increasing evidence shows that non-neuronal cellscontribute to the pathogenesis and progression of ALS. Among them, many studies focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord (SC); while few on macrophage activation in the sciatic nerves. Substantial evidence shows that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) delays disease progression and increases the lifespan of SOD1G93A mice, and some studies indicate that IGF1 reduces inflammation in the SC of ALS mice. However, no studies have focused on the effect of IGF on sciatic nerve inflammation. Here, we find that ALS progression is characterized by increasing macrophage invasion and activation accompanied by significant TNF-α production in the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, IGF1 treatment and knockdown alleviate and aggravate these responses, respectively. Collectively, our findings show the first time that IGF1 has an anti-inflammatory effect in the sciatic nerves of SOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Ji
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisong Duan
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, West Heping Road 215, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Liu
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyao Li
- Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease, West Heping Road 215, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Costa-Besada MA, Labandeira CM, Villar-Cheda B, Rodríguez-Perez AI. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:365. [PMID: 29163145 PMCID: PMC5675852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) effects on aging and neurodegeneration is still controversial. However, it is widely admitted that IGF-1 is involved in the neuroinflammatory response. In peripheral tissues, several studies showed that IGF-1 inhibited the expression of inflammatory markers, although other studies concluded that IGF-1 has proinflammatory functions. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α impaired IGF-1 signaling. In the brain, there are controversial results on effects of IGF-1 in neuroinflammation. In addition to direct protective effects on neurons, several studies revealed anti-inflammatory effects of IGF-1 acting on astrocytes and microglia, and that IGF-1 may also inhibit blood brain barrier permeability. Altogether suggests that the aging-related decrease in IGF-1 levels may contribute to the aging-related pro-inflammatory state. IGF-1 inhibits the astrocytic response to inflammatory stimuli, and modulates microglial phenotype (IGF-1 promotes the microglial M2 and inhibits of M1 phenotype). Furthermore, IGF-1 is mitogenic for microglia. IGF-1 and estrogen interact to modulate the neuroinflammatory response and microglial and astrocytic phenotypes. Brain renin-angiotensin and IGF-1 systems also interact to modulate neuroinflammation. Induction of microglial IGF-1 by angiotensin, and possibly by other pro-inflammatory inducers, plays a major role in the repression of the M1 microglial neurotoxic phenotype and the enhancement of the transition to an M2 microglial repair/regenerative phenotype. This mechanism is impaired in aged brains. Aging-related decrease in IGF-1 may contribute to the loss of capacity of microglia to undergo M2 activation. Fine tuning of IGF-1 levels may be critical for regulating the neuroinflammatory response, and IGF-1 may be involved in inflammation in a context-dependent mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Costa-Besada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen M Labandeira
- Department of Clinical Neurology, Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, University Hospital Complex, Vigo, Spain
| | - Begoña Villar-Cheda
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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39
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The intracellular angiotensin system buffers deleterious effects of the extracellular paracrine system. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3044. [PMID: 28880266 PMCID: PMC5636983 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The 'classical' renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a circulating system that controls blood pressure. Local/paracrine RAS, identified in a variety of tissues, including the brain, is involved in different functions and diseases, and RAS blockers are commonly used in clinical practice. A third type of RAS (intracellular/intracrine RAS) has been observed in some types of cells, including neurons. However, its role is still unknown. The present results indicate that in brain cells the intracellular RAS counteracts the intracellular superoxide/H2O2 and oxidative stress induced by the extracellular/paracrine angiotensin II acting on plasma membrane receptors. Activation of nuclear receptors by intracellular or internalized angiotensin triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the cell, such as an increase in the levels of protective angiotensin type 2 receptors, intracellular angiotensin, PGC-1α and IGF-1/SIRT1. Interestingly, this protective mechanism is altered in isolated nuclei from brains of aged animals. The present results indicate that at least in the brain, AT1 receptor blockers acting only on the extracellular or paracrine RAS may offer better protection of cells.
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40
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Occhieppo VB, Marchese NA, Rodríguez ID, Basmadjian OM, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Neurovascular unit alteration in somatosensory cortex and enhancement of thermal nociception induced by amphetamine involves central AT1receptor activation. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1586-1593. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Belén Occhieppo
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Edificio Nuevo de Ciencias I Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba; Haya de la Torre S/N, esquina Medina Allende Córdoba Argentina
| | - Natalia Andrea Marchese
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Edificio Nuevo de Ciencias I Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba; Haya de la Torre S/N, esquina Medina Allende Córdoba Argentina
| | - Iara Diamela Rodríguez
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Edificio Nuevo de Ciencias I Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba; Haya de la Torre S/N, esquina Medina Allende Córdoba Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Martin Basmadjian
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Edificio Nuevo de Ciencias I Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba; Haya de la Torre S/N, esquina Medina Allende Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología (IIBYT-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Edificio Nuevo de Ciencias I Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba; Haya de la Torre S/N, esquina Medina Allende Córdoba Argentina
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41
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodríguez-Perez AI, Garrido-Gil P, Rodriguez-Pallares J, Lanciego JL, Guerra MJ. Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Microglial Polarization: Implications for Aging and Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:129. [PMID: 28515690 PMCID: PMC5413566 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia can transform into proinflammatory/classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory/alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes following environmental signals related to physiological conditions or brain lesions. An adequate transition from the M1 (proinflammatory) to M2 (immunoregulatory) phenotype is necessary to counteract brain damage. Several factors involved in microglial polarization have already been identified. However, the effects of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on microglial polarization are less known. It is well known that there is a “classical” circulating RAS; however, a second RAS (local or tissue RAS) has been observed in many tissues, including brain. The locally formed angiotensin is involved in local pathological changes of these tissues and modulates immune cells, which are equipped with all the components of the RAS. There are also recent data showing that brain RAS plays a major role in microglial polarization. Level of microglial NADPH-oxidase (Nox) activation is a major regulator of the shift between M1/proinflammatory and M2/immunoregulatory microglial phenotypes so that Nox activation promotes the proinflammatory and inhibits the immunoregulatory phenotype. Angiotensin II (Ang II), via its type 1 receptor (AT1), is a major activator of the NADPH-oxidase complex, leading to pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects. However, these effects are counteracted by a RAS opposite arm constituted by Angiotensin II/AT2 receptor signaling and Angiotensin 1–7/Mas receptor (MasR) signaling. In addition, activation of prorenin-renin receptors may contribute to activation of the proinflammatory phenotype. Aged brains showed upregulation of AT1 and downregulation of AT2 receptor expression, which may contribute to a pro-oxidative pro-inflammatory state and the increase in neuron vulnerability. Several recent studies have shown interactions between the brain RAS and different factors involved in microglial polarization, such as estrogens, Rho kinase (ROCK), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-α, iron, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Metabolic reprogramming has recently been involved in the regulation of the neuroinflammatory response. Interestingly, we have recently observed a mitochondrial RAS, which is altered in aged brains. In conclusion, dysregulation of brain RAS plays a major role in aging-related changes and neurodegeneration by exacerbation of oxidative
stress (OS) and neuroinflammation, which may be attenuated by pharmacological manipulation of RAS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain.,Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Maria J Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Madrid, Spain
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42
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Neuroprotective property of low molecular weight fraction from B. jararaca snake venom in H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal cells. Toxicon 2017; 129:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Garrido-Gil P, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Fernandez-Rodriguez P, Lanciego JL, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Expression of angiotensinogen and receptors for angiotensin and prorenin in the rat and monkey striatal neurons and glial cells. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2559-2571. [PMID: 28161727 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered as a circulating humoral system, which function is the regulation of blood pressure. However, it is now known that there exists local RAS in many tissues, including brain. In recent studies, we have demonstrated the presence of a local RAS in the substantia nigra of rodents and primates that modulates dopamine release and dopamine receptor expression. However, overactivation of local RAS exacerbates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and dopaminergic cell death. In the striatum, it is not clear whether angiotensin receptors are located in dopaminergic terminals, glial cells and/or the projection neurons. The present study shows the location of major components of the RAS in striatal projection neurons of rats and monkeys (both in neurons of the direct and the indirect pathways). Striatal astrocytes and microglial cells also express major RAS components, which increase after induction of neuroinflammation by intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide. Angiotensin receptors were located at the cell surface and also at cytoplasmic and nuclear levels. The results obtained by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy were confirmed with laser microdissection of striatal neurons and glial cells and detection of mRNA expression by PCR. The sequence of the resulting PCR products was verified by DNA sequencing. In addition to the interaction between angiotensin and dopamine receptors in dopaminergic neurons to regulate dopamine release, interaction between angiotensin and dopamine receptors in projection striatal neurons may further modulate the effects of dopamine on the direct and indirect pathways by fine-tuning striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Neurosciences Division, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Valenzuela R, Costa-Besada MA, Guerra MJ. Menopause and Parkinson's disease. Interaction between estrogens and brain renin-angiotensin system in dopaminergic degeneration. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:44-59. [PMID: 27693730 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of menopausal hormonal therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not yet been clarified, and it is controversial whether there is a critical period for neuroprotection. Studies in animal models and clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that estrogens induce dopaminergic neuroprotection. Recent studies suggest that inhibition of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mediates the effects of estrogens in PD models. In the substantia nigra, ovariectomy induces a decrease in levels of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and increases angiotensin activity, NADPH-oxidase activity and expression of neuroinflammatory markers, which are regulated by estrogen replacement therapy. There is a critical period for the neuroprotective effect of estrogen replacement therapy, and local ER-α and RAS play a major role. Astrocytes play a major role in ER-α-induced regulation of local RAS, but neurons and microglia are also involved. Interestingly, treatment with angiotensin receptor antagonists after the critical period induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Rita Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria A Costa-Besada
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria J Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
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