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Kefford BJ, Brooks AJ, Nichols SJ, Bray JP. Macroinvertebrate community and leaf litter breakdown measures lack concordance associated with singular or multiple stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176082. [PMID: 39244040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are being degraded by a wide range of stressors resulting from human activities. Various structural and functional metrics or indices are used to assess the 'health' or condition of riverine ecosystems. It is uncertain if structural or functional metrics or indices respond to different stressors and whether some are more responsive to stressors in general. Here we conducted a multi-study synthesis, similar to a meta-analysis, across four independent outdoor mesocosm experiments involving the manipulation of various chemical stressors - two types of salinity (synthetic marine salts (SMS) and sodium bicarbonate), two insecticides (malathion and sulfoxaflor), increased nutrients (N and P), increased sedimentation and two combinations of stressors (1: malathion, nutrients and sedimentation, 2: sulfoxaflor, nutrients and sedimentation). We compare the effects of these singular or multiple stressors on stream macroinvertebrate community structure, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf litter breakdown rates by microbes and total (microbes and invertebrates). Macroinvertebrate communities were adversely affected by the two sets of multiple stressors, SMS, and both insecticides yet, and in contrast to several published studies, both microbial and total leaf litter was unaffected. Nutrients and sodium bicarbonate, increased breakdown rates or had a unimodal 'Ո' shaped response, with maxima at intermediate levels. Sedimentation by fine sand, however, decreased total leaf litter breakdown, while not affecting microbial leaf litter breakdown. Divergent responses between the effects of stressors on leaf litter breakdown rates that we observed and those in the literature may be caused by multiple mechanisms, including differences between communities, functional redundancy and differences in stressor magnitude and interactions with other (unknown) variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; New South Wales Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, PO Box 53, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Susan J Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Bray
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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2
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Understanding diversity-synchrony-stability relationships in multitrophic communities. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1259-1269. [PMID: 38839850 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how species loss impacts ecosystem stability is critical given contemporary declines in global biodiversity. Despite decades of research on biodiversity-stability relationships, most studies are performed within a trophic level, overlooking the multitrophic complexity structuring natural communities. Here, in a global analysis of diversity-synchrony-stability (DSS) studies (n = 420), we found that 74% were monotrophic and biased towards terrestrial plant communities, with 91% describing stabilizing effects of asynchrony. Multitrophic studies (26%) were representative of all biomes and showed that synchrony had mixed effects on stability. To explore potential mechanisms, we applied a multitrophic framework adapted from DSS theory to investigate DSS relationships in algae-herbivore assemblages across five long-term tropical and temperate marine system datasets. Both algal and herbivore species diversity reduced within-group synchrony in both systems but had different interactive effects on species synchrony between systems. Herbivore synchrony was positively and negatively influenced by algal diversity in tropical versus temperate systems, respectively, and algal synchrony was positively influenced by herbivore diversity in temperate systems. While herbivore synchrony reduced multitrophic stability in both systems, algal synchrony only reduced stability in tropical systems. These results highlight the complexity of DSS relationships at the multitrophic level and emphasize why more multitrophic assessments are needed to better understand how biodiversity influences community stability in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Arancibia PA. The topology of spatial networks affects stability in experimental metacommunities. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240567. [PMID: 38864323 PMCID: PMC11338566 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of community stability has been a central goal in ecology. Traditionally, emphasis has been placed on studying the effects of biotic interactions on community variability, and less is understood about how the spatial configuration of habitats promotes or hinders metacommunity stability. To test the effects of contrasting spatial configurations on metacommunity stability, I designed metacommunities with patches connected as random or scale-free networks. In these microcosms, two prey and one protist predator dispersed, and I evaluated community persistence, tracked biomass variations, and measured synchrony between local communities and the whole metacommunity. After 30 generations, scale-free metacommunities had lower global biomass variability and higher persistence, suggesting higher stability. Synchrony between patches was lower in scale-free metacommunities. Patches in scale-free metacommunities showed a positive relationship between variability and patch connectivity, indicating higher stability in isolated communities. No clear relationship between variability and patch connectivity was observed in random networks. These results suggest the increased heterogeneity in connectivity of scale-free networks favours the prevalence of isolated patches of the metacommunity, which likely act as refugia against competition-the dominant interaction in this system-resulting in higher global stability. These results highlight the importance of accounting for network topology in the study of spatial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A. Arancibia
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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4
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Effects of protection and temperature variation on temporal stability in a marine reserve network. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14220. [PMID: 37937466 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of ecosystem stability has been a key focus of modern ecology as the impacts of the Anthropocene become more prevalent and extreme. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are tools used globally to promote biodiversity and mediate anthropogenic impacts. However, assessing the stability of natural ecosystems and responses to management actions is inherently challenging due to the complex dynamics of communities with many interdependent taxa. Using a 12-year time series of subtidal community structure in an MPA network in the Channel Islands (United States), we estimated species interaction strength (competition and predation), prey species synchrony, and temporal stability in trophic networks, as well as temporal variation in sea surface temperature to explore the causal drivers of temporal stability at community and metacommunity scales. At the community scale, only trophic networks in MPAs at Santa Rosa Island showed greater temporal stability than reference sites, likely driven by reduced prey synchrony. Across islands, competition was sometimes greater and predation always greater in MPAs compared with reference sites. Increases in interaction strength resulted in lower temporal stability of trophic networks. Although MPAs reduced prey synchrony at the metacommunity scale, reductions were insufficient to stabilize trophic networks. In contrast, temporal variation in sea surface temperature had strong positive direct effects on stability at the regional scale and indirect effects at the local scale through reductions in species interaction strength. Although MPAs can be effective management strategies for protecting certain species or locations, our findings for this MPA network suggest that temperature variation has a stronger influence on metacommunity temporal stability by mediating species interactions and promoting a mosaic of spatiotemporal variation in community structure of trophic networks. By capturing the full spectrum of environmental variation in network planning, MPAs will have the greatest capacity to promote ecosystem stability in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Guo Z, Zhang J, Liu Z, Li Y, Li M, Meng Q, Yang Z, Luo Y, Zhang Q, Yan M. Trichoderma harzianum prevents red kidney bean root rot by increasing plant antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating the rhizosphere microbial community. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348680. [PMID: 38572240 PMCID: PMC10987954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Root rot is one of the main reasons for yield losses of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production. Pre-inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum can effectively lower the incidence of red kidney bean root rot. In this study, four treatments including CK (control), Fu13 (Fusarium oxysporum), T891 (T. harzianum) and T891 + Fu13 (T. harzianum + F. oxysporum) were arranged in a pot experiment to investigate how T891 affected the incidence and severity of root rot, plant growth, and changes of defense enzyme activity in red kidney bean plants. Community composition and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiota was evaluated through high-throughput sequencing, and co-occurrence network was analyzed. The results showed that when compared to the Fu13 treatment, pre-inoculation with T891 reduced the incidence and severity of red kidney bean root rot by 40.62 and 68.03% (p < 0.05), increased the root length, shoot length, total dry biomass by 48.63, 97.72, 122.17%. Upregulated activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) by 7.32, 38.48, 98.31% (p < 0.05), and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) by 23.70% (p < 0.05), respectively. Microbiological analyses also showed that F. oxysporum reduced alpha diversity resulting in alteration the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community in red kidney bean. T891 significantly reduced abundance of F. oxysporum, allowing the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacteria Porphyrobacter (ASV 46), Lysobacter (ASV 85), Microbacteriaceae (ASV 105), and Gemmatimonas (ASV 107), resulting in a more stable structure of the microbial network. The results of random forest analysis further revealed that ASV 46 (Porphyrobacter) was the primary influencing factor for the incidence of root rot after inoculation with T891, while ASV 85 (Lysobacter) was the primary influencing factor for the biomass of red kidney bean. In conclusion, T. harzianum promotes the growth of red kidney bean and inhibits root rot by improving plant antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating the rhizosphere microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiuxia Meng
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Yan
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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6
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Zhao Q, Van den Brink PJ, Xu C, Wang S, Clark AT, Karakoç C, Sugihara G, Widdicombe CE, Atkinson A, Matsuzaki SIS, Shinohara R, He S, Wang YXG, De Laender F. Relationships of temperature and biodiversity with stability of natural aquatic food webs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3507. [PMID: 37316479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature and biodiversity changes occur in concert, but their joint effects on ecological stability of natural food webs are unknown. Here, we assess these relationships in 19 planktonic food webs. We estimate stability as structural stability (using the volume contraction rate) and temporal stability (using the temporal variation of species abundances). Warmer temperatures were associated with lower structural and temporal stability, while biodiversity had no consistent effects on either stability property. While species richness was associated with lower structural stability and higher temporal stability, Simpson diversity was associated with higher temporal stability. The responses of structural stability were linked to disproportionate contributions from two trophic groups (predators and consumers), while the responses of temporal stability were linked both to synchrony of all species within the food web and distinctive contributions from three trophic groups (predators, consumers, and producers). Our results suggest that, in natural ecosystems, warmer temperatures can erode ecosystem stability, while biodiversity changes may not have consistent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
- Institute of Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
- Institute of Life, Earth and the Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Adam T Clark
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Canan Karakoç
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL13DH, UK
| | | | | | - Shuiqing He
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yingying X G Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Frederik De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Complex Systems (naXys), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Institute of Life, Earth and the Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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7
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Srednick G, Davis K, Edmunds PJ. Asynchrony in coral community structure contributes to reef-scale community stability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2314. [PMID: 36759628 PMCID: PMC9911750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of global ecosystem degradation are well known, but the ecological implications of variation in these effects over scales of kilometers and years have not been widely considered. On tropical coral reefs, kilometer-scale variation in environmental conditions promotes a spatial mosaic of coral communities in which spatial insurance effects could enhance community stability. To evaluate whether these effects are important on coral reefs, we explored variation over 2006-2019 in coral community structure and environmental conditions in Moorea, French Polynesia. We studied coral community structure at a single site with fringing, back reef, and fore reef habitats, and used this system to explore associations among community asynchrony, asynchrony of environmental conditions, and community stability. Coral community structure varied asynchronously among habitats, and variation among habitats in the daily range in seawater temperature suggested it could be a factor contributing to the variation in coral community structure. Wave forced seawater flow connected the habitats and facilitated larval exchange among them, but this effect differed in strength among years, and accentuated periodic connectivity among habitats at 1-7 year intervals. At this site, connected habitats harboring taxonomically similar coral assemblages and exhibiting asynchronous population dynamics can provide insurance against extirpation, and may promote community stability. If these effects apply at larger spatial scale, then among-habitat community asynchrony is likely to play an important role in determining reef-wide coral community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Srednick
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - K Davis
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - P J Edmunds
- Department of Biology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA, 91330-8303, USA
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8
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Tian W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Tian Y, Huang T. Analysis on the stability of plankton in a food web with empirical organism body mass distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21327-21343. [PMID: 36269477 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism supporting the stability of complex food webs is an important, yet still controversial issue in ecology. Integrating the bioenergetic model with a natural plankton food web with empirical organism body mass distribution, we studied the effects of taxa diversity, nutrient enrichment simulation and connectance on the stability of plankton, and the underlying mechanisms. The behavior and functions of plankton with different body masses in the system were also explored. The results showed that genus richness promoted the temporal stability of community but reduced that of population. Meanwhile, the effects of taxon extinction on community biomass and temporal stability depended on the body masses of those lost taxa. Enrichment decreased phytoplankton and zooplankton community stability directly by increasing the temporal variability of biomass and indirectly by reducing taxa diversity. Enrichment preferentially caused phytoplankton taxa with the highest individual biomass to go extinct and the ones with smaller to increase in biomass. The effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms of connectance on phytoplankton and zooplankton stability were different. High connectance promoted the persistence and biomasses of both zooplankton and small-bodied phytoplankton but reduced those of larger-bodied phytoplankton. The results and methodology in this research will be helpful in understanding and analyzing the stability of plankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tian
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglan Tian
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Tousheng Huang
- Research Center for Engineering Ecology and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
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9
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Biodiversity stabilizes plant communities through statistical-averaging effects rather than compensatory dynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7804. [PMID: 36528635 PMCID: PMC9759569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability is a central goal of ecologists. Recent studies have concluded that biodiversity increases community temporal stability by increasing the asynchrony between the dynamics of different species. Theoretically, this enhancement can occur through either increased between-species compensatory dynamics, a fundamentally biological mechanism; or through an averaging effect, primarily a statistical mechanism. Yet it remains unclear which mechanism is dominant in explaining the diversity-stability relationship. We address this issue by mathematically decomposing asynchrony into components separately quantifying the compensatory and statistical-averaging effects. We applied the new decomposition approach to plant survey and experimental data from North American grasslands. We show that statistical averaging, rather than compensatory dynamics, was the principal mediator of biodiversity effects on community stability. Our simple decomposition approach helps integrate concepts of stability, asynchrony, statistical averaging, and compensatory dynamics, and suggests that statistical averaging, rather than compensatory dynamics, is the primary means by which biodiversity confers ecological stability.
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10
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Zhu W, Zhu M, Liu X, Xia J, Yin H, Li X. Different Responses of Bacteria and Microeukaryote to Assembly Processes and Co-occurrence Pattern in the Coastal Upwelling. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02093-7. [PMID: 35927589 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Upwelling may generate unique hydrological and environmental heterogeneity, leading to enhanced diffusion to reshape microbial communities. However, it remains largely unknown how different microbial taxa respond to highly complex and dynamic upwelling systems. In the present study, geographic patterns and co-occurrence network of different microbial communities in response to upwelling were examined. Our results showed that coastal upwelling shaped prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community and decreased their diversity. In addition, bacteria and microeukaryote had similar biogeographical patterns with distinct assembly mechanisms. The impact of stochastic processes on bacteria was significantly stronger compared with microeukaryote in upwelling. Lower network complexity but more frequent interaction was found in upwelling microbial co-occurrence. However, the upwelling environment increased the robustness and modularity of bacterial network, while eukaryotic network was just the opposite. Co-occurrence networks of bacteria and microeukaryote showed significant distance-decay patterns, while the bacterial network had a stronger spatial variation. Temperature and salinity were the strongest environmental factors affecting microbial coexistence, whereas the topological characteristics of bacterial and eukaryotic networks had different responses to the upwelling environment. These findings expanded our understanding of biogeographic patterns of microbial community and ecological network and the underlying mechanisms of different microbial taxa in upwelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingquan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Hongyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiubao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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11
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Jarillo J, Cao-García FJ, De Laender F. Spatial and Ecological Scaling of Stability in Spatial Community Networks. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.861537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many scales at which to quantify stability in spatial and ecological networks. Local-scale analyses focus on specific nodes of the spatial network, while regional-scale analyses consider the whole network. Similarly, species- and community-level analyses either account for single species or for the whole community. Furthermore, stability itself can be defined in multiple ways, including resistance (the inverse of the relative displacement caused by a perturbation), initial resilience (the rate of return after a perturbation), and invariability (the inverse of the relative amplitude of the population fluctuations). Here, we analyze the scale-dependence of these stability properties. More specifically, we ask how spatial scale (local vs. regional) and ecological scale (species vs. community) influence these stability properties. We find that regional initial resilience is the weighted arithmetic mean of the local initial resiliences. The regional resistance is the harmonic mean of local resistances, which makes regional resistance particularly vulnerable to nodes with low stability, unlike regional initial resilience. Analogous results hold for the relationship between community- and species-level initial resilience and resistance. Both resistance and initial resilience are “scale-free” properties: regional and community values are simply the biomass-weighted means of the local and species values, respectively. Thus, one can easily estimate both stability metrics of whole networks from partial sampling. In contrast, invariability generally is greater at the regional and community-level than at the local and species-level, respectively. Hence, estimating the invariability of spatial or ecological networks from measurements at the local or species level is more complicated, requiring an unbiased estimate of the network (i.e., region or community) size. In conclusion, we find that scaling of stability depends on the metric considered, and we present a reliable framework to estimate these metrics.
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12
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Wang T, Guo C, Sang S, Liu Y, Liu G, Qi D, Zhu Z. Temporal stability and maintenance mechanisms of alpine meadow communities under clipping and fertilization. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15545-15555. [PMID: 34824774 PMCID: PMC8601914 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative effects of long-term overgrazing have been seriously, grasslands temporal stability is an important ecological concern we need to research. Here, we performed a 12-year-long (2007-2018) two-factor controlled experiment on Kobresia humilis meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The manipulations included three clipping levels (no clipping, NC; moderate clipping, MC; heavy clipping, HC) and two fertilization levels (no fertilization, NF; fertilization, F). Our results revealed that the two clipping manipulations significantly increased the temporal stability of alpine meadow communities, whose significant increase was more pronounced under the MC than HC treatment. Species asynchrony had a significant positive correlation with species abundance along with compound community gradient. Moreover, asynchrony effects, portfolio effects, and facilitation interactions were all present in the communities under the six types of experimental treatment combinations. Additionally, a selection effect was detected in the compound communities, demonstrating characteristics that are common to different mechanisms. There were no significant differences in the effects of these mechanisms on community temporal stability between the NC-NF and MC-NF interactive communities. The portfolio effects predominated when clipping intensity was moderate under both fertilization and nonfertilization conditions. By contrast, in the compound communities, the selection effect predominated. In summary, we conclude that in meadow communities that undergo clipping and fertilization disturbances, facilitation interactions and weak interactions make a greater contribution toward maintaining their temporal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai ProvinceXiningChina
| | - Chenglong Guo
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Silin Sang
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yiting Liu
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Desheng Qi
- College of Life SciencesQinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Life SciencesShaanxi Normal UniversityXi’anChina
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13
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Greig HS, McHugh PA, Thompson RM, Warburton HJ, McIntosh AR. Habitat size influences community stability. Ecology 2021; 103:e03545. [PMID: 34614210 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms linked to demographic, biogeographic, and food-web processes thought to underpin community stability could be affected by habitat size, but the effects of habitat size on community stability remain relatively unknown. We investigated whether those habitat-size-dependent properties influenced community instability and vulnerability to perturbations caused by disturbance. This is particularly important given that human exploitation is contracting ecosystems, and abiotic perturbations are becoming more severe and frequent. We used a perturbation experiment in which 10 streams, spanning three orders of magnitude in habitat size, were subjected to simulated bed movement akin to a major flood disturbance event. We measured the resistance, resilience, and variability of basal resources, and population and community-level responses across the stream habitat-size gradient immediately before, and at 0.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 d post-disturbance. Resistance to disturbance consistently increased with stream size in all response variables. In contrast, resilience was significantly higher in smaller streams for some response variables. However, this higher resilience of small ecosystems was insufficient to compensate for their lower resistance, and communities of smaller streams were thus more variable over time than those of larger streams. Compensatory dynamics of populations, especially for predators, stabilized some aspects of communities, but these mechanisms were unrelated to habitat size. Together, our results provide compelling evidence for the links between habitat size and community stability, and should motivate ecologists and managers to consider how changes in the size of habitats will alter the vulnerability of ecosystems to perturbations caused by environmental disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish S Greig
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Peter A McHugh
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 3637 Westwind Blvd, Santa Rosa, California, 95403, USA
| | - Ross M Thompson
- Centre for Applied Water Science and Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Kirinari Street, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia
| | - Helen J Warburton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Angus R McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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14
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Tan L, Zeng WA, Xiao Y, Li P, Gu S, Wu S, Zhai Z, Feng K, Deng Y, Hu Q. Fungi-Bacteria Associations in Wilt Diseased Rhizosphere and Endosphere by Interdomain Ecological Network Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722626. [PMID: 34552573 PMCID: PMC8450586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the plant rhizosphere and endosphere, some fungal and bacterial species regularly co-exist, however, our knowledge about their co-existence patterns is quite limited, especially during invasion by bacterial wilt pathogens. In this study, the fungal communities from soil to endophytic compartments were surveyed during an outbreak of tobacco wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. It was found that the stem endophytic fungal community was significantly altered by pathogen invasion in terms of community diversity, structure, and composition. The associations among fungal species in the rhizosphere and endosphere infected by R. solanacearum showed more complex network structures than those of healthy plants. By integrating the bacterial dataset, associations between fungi and bacteria were inferred by Inter-Domain Ecological Network (IDEN) approach. It also revealed that infected samples, including both the rhizosphere and endosphere, had more complex interdomain networks than the corresponding healthy samples. Additionally, the bacterial wilt pathogenic Ralstonia members were identified as the keystone genus within the IDENs of both root and stem endophytic compartments. Ralstonia members was negatively correlated with the fungal genera Phoma, Gibberella, and Alternaria in infected roots, as well as Phoma, Gibberella, and Diaporthe in infected stems. This suggested that those endophytic fungi may play an important role in resisting the invasion of R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Ai Zeng
- Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yansong Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Wenshan, China
| | - Songsong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaolong Wu
- Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | | | - Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulong Hu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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15
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Rakowski CJ, Farrior CE, Manning SR, Leibold MA. Predator complementarity dampens variability of phytoplankton biomass in a diversity-stability trophic cascade. Ecology 2021; 102:e03534. [PMID: 34496044 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trophic cascades - indirect effects of predators that propagate down through food webs - have been extensively documented in many ecosystem types. It has also been shown that predator diversity can mediate these trophic cascades and, separately, that herbivore biomass can influence the stability of primary producers. However, whether predator diversity can cause cascading effects on the stability of lower trophic levels has not yet been studied. We conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment and a field mesocosm experiment manipulating the presence and coexistence of two heteropteran predators and measuring their effects on zooplankton herbivores and phytoplankton basal resources. We predicted that if the predators partitioned their zooplankton prey, for example by size, then the co-presence of the predators would reduce zooplankton prey mass and lead to (1) increased biomass of, and (2) decreased temporal variability of phytoplankton basal resources. We present evidence that the predators partitioned their zooplankton prey, leading to a synergistic suppression of zooplankton. In turn, this enhanced zooplankton suppression led to only a weak, non-significant increase in the central tendency of phytoplankton biomass, but significantly reduced its variability. Our results demonstrate that predator diversity may indirectly stabilize basal resource biomass via a "diversity-stability trophic cascade," seemingly dependent on predator complementarity, even when there is no significant classic trophic cascade altering the central tendency of biomass. Therefore predator diversity, especially if correlated with diversity of prey use, could play a role in regulating ecosystem stability. This link between predator diversity and producer stability has implications for conservation and for potential biological control methods to improve crop yield reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase J Rakowski
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Mathew A Leibold
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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16
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Rheault G, Lévesque E, Proulx R. Diversity of plant assemblages dampens the variability of the growing season phenology in wetland landscapes. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:91. [PMID: 34011287 PMCID: PMC8136205 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functioning of ecosystems is highly variable through space and time. Climatic and edaphic factors are forcing ecological communities to converge, whereas the diversity of plant assemblages dampens these effects by allowing communities’ dynamics to diverge. This study evaluated whether the growing season phenology of wetland plant communities within landscapes is determined by the climatic/edaphic factors of contrasted regions, by the species richness of plant communities, or by the diversity of plant assemblages. From 2013 to 2016, we monitored the phenology and floristic composition of 118 wetland plant communities across five landscapes distributed along a gradient of edaphic and climatic conditions in the Province of Québec, Canada. Results The growing season phenology of wetlands was driven by differences among plant assemblage within landscapes, and not by the species richness of each individual community (< 1% of the explained variation). Variation in the growing season length of wetlands reflected the destabilizing effect of climatic and edaphic factors on green-up dates, which is opposed to the dampening effect of plant assemblage diversity on green-down dates. Conclusions The latter dampening effect may be particularly important in the context of increasing anthropogenic activities, which are predicted to impair the ability of wetlands to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. Our findings suggest that stakeholders should not necessarily consider local species-poor plant communities of lower conservation value to the global functioning of wetland ecosystems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01817-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rheault
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants-Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G8Z 4M3, Canada. .,Chaire de Recherche en Intégrité Écologique, Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G8Z 4M3, Canada. .,Centre d'Études Nordiques, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Esther Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants-Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins Versants-Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE), Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G8Z 4M3, Canada.,Chaire de Recherche en Intégrité Écologique, Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières (Québec), G8Z 4M3, Canada
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17
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Xu Q, Yang X, Yan Y, Wang S, Loreau M, Jiang L. Consistently positive effect of species diversity on ecosystem, but not population, temporal stability. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2256-2266. [PMID: 34002439 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite much recent progress, our understanding of diversity-stability relationships across different study systems remains incomplete. In particular, recent theory clarified that within-species population stability and among-species asynchronous population dynamics combine to determine ecosystem temporal stability, but their relative importance in modulating diversity-ecosystem temporal stability relationships in different ecosystems remains unclear. We addressed this issue with a meta-analysis of empirical studies of ecosystem and population temporal stability in relation to species diversity across a range of taxa and ecosystems. We show that ecosystem temporal stability tended to increase with species diversity, regardless of study systems. Increasing diversity promoted asynchrony, which, in turn, contributed to increased ecosystem stability. The positive diversity-ecosystem stability relationship persisted even after accounting for the influences of environmental covariates (e.g., precipitation and nutrient input). By contrast, species diversity tended to reduce population temporal stability in terrestrial systems but increase population temporal stability in aquatic systems, suggesting that asynchronous dynamics among species are essential for stabilizing diverse terrestrial ecosystems. We conclude that there is compelling empirical evidence for a general positive relationship between species diversity and ecosystem-level temporal stability, but the contrasting diversity-population temporal stability relationships between terrestrial and aquatic systems call for more investigations into their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianna Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xian Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Long-Term Enclosure Can Benefit Grassland Community Stability on the Loess Plateau of China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization and grazing are two common anthropogenic disturbances that can lead to unprecedented changes in biodiversity and ecological stability of grassland ecosystems. A few studies, however, have explored the effects of fertilization and grazing on community stability and the underlying mechanisms. We conducted a six-year field experiment to assess the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization and grazing on the community stability in a long-term enclosure and grazing grassland ecosystems on the Loess Plateau. A structural equation modeling method was used to evaluate how fertilization and grazing altered community stability. Our results indicated that the community stability decreased in the enclosure and grazing grassland ecosystems with the addition of N. The community stability began to decline significantly at 4.68 and 9.36 N g m−2 year−1 for the grazing and enclosure grassland ecosystems, respectively. We also found that the addition of N reduced the community stability through decreasing species richness, but a long-term enclosure can alleviate its negative effect. Overall, species diversity can be a useful predictor of the stability of ecosystems confronted with disturbances. Also, our results showed that long-term enclosure was an effective grassland management practice to ensure community stability on the Loess Plateau of China.
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19
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Downing AL, Jackson C, Plunkett C, Ackerman Lockhart J, Schlater SM, Leibold MA. Temporal stability vs. community matrix measures of stability and the role of weak interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1468-1478. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Downing
- Department of Zoology Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware OH USA
| | - Craig Jackson
- Mathematics and Computer Science Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware OH USA
| | - Claire Plunkett
- Department of Mathematics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
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20
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Common Species Stability and Species Asynchrony Rather than Richness Determine Ecosystem Stability Under Nitrogen Enrichment. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Albonico F, Barelli C, Albanese D, Manica M, Partel E, Rosso F, Ripellino S, Pindo M, Donati C, Zecconi A, Mortarino M, Hauffe HC. Raw milk and fecal microbiota of commercial Alpine dairy cows varies with herd, fat content and diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237262. [PMID: 32760129 PMCID: PMC7410245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors that influence the diversity and composition of raw milk and fecal microbiota in healthy commercial dairy herds are not fully understood, partially because the majority of metataxonomic studies involve experimental farms and/or single factors. We analyzed the raw milk and fecal microbiota of 100 healthy cows from 10 commercial alpine farms from the Province of Trento, Italy, using metataxonomics and applied statistical modelling to investigate which extrinsic and intrinsic parameters (e.g. herd, diet and milk characteristics) correlated with microbiota richness and composition in these relatively small traditional farms. We confirmed that Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families dominated the fecal and milk samples of these dairy cows, but in addition, we found an association between the number of observed OTUs and Shannon entropy on each farm that indicates higher microbiota richness is associated with increased microbiota stability. Modelling showed that herd was the most significant factor affecting the variation in both milk and fecal microbiota composition. Furthermore, the most important predictors explaining the variation of microbiota richness were milk characteristics (i.e. percentage fat) and diet for milk and fecal samples, respectively. We discuss how high intra-herd variation could affect the development of treatments based on microbiota manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Albonico
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universiy of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Barelli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Erika Partel
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Fausta Rosso
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Ripellino
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all’ Adige (TN), Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
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22
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Giari L, Ruehle B, Fano EA, Castaldelli G, Poulin R. Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:67-75. [PMID: 32435583 PMCID: PMC7229350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The resilience of biological communities is of central importance in ecology, but is difficult to investigate in nature. Parasite communities in individual hosts provide good model systems, as they allow a level of replication usually not possible with free-living communities. Here, using temporal data (2005-2017) on the communities of endohelminth parasites in European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from brackish-water lagoons in Italy, we test the resilience of interspecific associations to changes in the abundance of some parasite species and the disappearance of others. While most parasite species displayed changes in abundance over time, three trematodes that were present in the early years, two of which at high abundance, completely disappeared from the parasite community by the end of the study period. Possibly other host species required for the completion of their life cycles have declined in abundance, perhaps due to environmental changes. However, despite these marked changes to the overall community, pairwise correlations in abundance among the three most common parasite species (all trematodes) were stable over time and remained mostly unaffected by what happened to other species. We explore possible reasons for these resilient species associations within a temporally unstable parasite community inhabiting a mostly stable host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Borsari St. 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Brandon Ruehle
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elisa Anna Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Borsari St. 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Borsari St. 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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23
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Hammond M, Loreau M, de Mazancourt C, Kolasa J. Disentangling local, metapopulation, and cross-community sources of stabilization and asynchrony in metacommunities. Ecosphere 2020; 11:e03078. [PMID: 33324497 PMCID: PMC7116476 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asynchronous fluctuations of populations are essential for maintaining stable levels of bio-mass and ecosystem function in landscapes. Yet, understanding the stabilization of metacommunities by asynchrony is complicated by the existence of multiple forms of asynchrony that are typically studied independently: Community ecologists, for instance, focus on asynchrony within and among local communities, while population ecologists emphasize asynchrony of populations in metapopulations. Still, other forms of asynchrony, such as that which underlies the spatial insurance effect, are not captured by any existing analytical frameworks. We therefore developed a framework that would in one analysis unmask the stabilizing roles of local communities and metapopulations and so unify these perspectives. Our framework shows that metacommunity stabilization arises from one local and two regional forms of asynchrony: (1) asynchrony among species of a local community, (2) asynchrony among populations of a metapopulation, and (3) cross-community asynchrony, which is between different species in different local communities and underlies spatial insurance. For each type of stabilization, we derived links to diversity indices and associated diversity-stability relationships. We deployed this framework in a set of rock pool invertebrate metacommunities in Discovery Bay, Jamaica, to partition sources of stabilization and test their dependence on diversity. Cross-community asynchrony was the dominant form of stabilization, accounting for >60% of total metacommunity stabilization despite being undetectable with existing frameworks. Environmental variation influenced types of stabilization through different mechanisms. pH and dissolved oxygen, for example, increased asynchrony by decorrelating local species, while salinity did so by changing the abundance structure of metapopulations. Lastly, all types of asynchrony depended strongly on different types of diversity (alpha, metapopulation, and beta diversity drove local, metapopulation, and cross-community asynchrony, respectively) to produce multiple diversity-stability relationships within metacommunities. Our new partition of metacommunity dynamics highlights how different elements—from local communities to metapopulations—combine to stabilize metacommunities and depend critically on contrasting environmental regimes and diversities. Understanding and balancing these sources of stability in dynamic landscapes is a looming challenge for the future. We suggest that synthetic frameworks which merge ecological perspectives will be essential for grasping and safeguarding the stability of natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hammond
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 Route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Claire de Mazancourt
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 Route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Jurek Kolasa
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
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24
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Characterizing macroinvertebrate community composition and abundance in freshwater tidal wetlands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215421. [PMID: 31689295 PMCID: PMC6830810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Restored tidal wetlands may provide important food web support for at-risk fish species in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) of California, including Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Since many tidal wetland restoration projects are planned or have recently been constructed in the Delta, understanding the diversity and variability of wetland invertebrates that are fish prey items is of increasing importance. During this study, two different invertebrate sampling techniques were tested (leaf packs and sweep nets) in four habitat types within three different wetland areas to evaluate which sampling technique provided the most reliable metric of invertebrate abundance and community composition. Sweep nets provided a better measure of fish food availability than leaf packs and were better able to differentiate between habitat types. Generalized linear models showed submerged and floating vegetation had higher abundance and taxa richness than channel habitats or emergent vegetation. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed significantly different communities of invertebrates in different habitat types and in different wetlands, and point-biserial correlation coefficients found a greater number of mobile taxa associated with sweep nets. There were more taxa associated with vegetated habitats than channel habitats, and one area had more taxa associated with it than the other two areas. These results suggest that restoration sites that contain multiple habitat types may enhance fish invertebrate prey diversity and resilience. However, the effect of habitat diversity must be monitored as restoration sites develop to assess actual benefits to at-risk fish species.
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25
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Kéfi S, Domínguez‐García V, Donohue I, Fontaine C, Thébault E, Dakos V. Advancing our understanding of ecological stability. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1349-1356. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kéfi
- ISEM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | | | - Elisa Thébault
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris Paris 75005 France
| | - Vasilis Dakos
- ISEM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
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Xu K, He L, Hu H, Liu S, Du Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Li L, Khan A, Wang G. Positive ecological effects of wind farms on vegetation in China's Gobi desert. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6341. [PMID: 31028283 PMCID: PMC6486582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of wind power, there are increasing concerns about the negative ecological effects of its construction and operation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of wind farms on flying fauna (i.e., birds and bats) or climate change separately from communities or ecosystems, and little attention has been paid to vegetation during wind farm operation. Furthermore, few studies have referred to vulnerable ecosystems with low biomass and biodiversity. In this research, a field study was conducted to investigate the effects of wind farms on the individual traits, community structures and ecosystem functions of Gobi Desert ecosystems. The effects were measured by comparing interfering areas (IAs, located between 40 m and 90 m in the downstream direction of the wind turbine) with non-interfering areas (NIAs, located over 200 m from the wind turbine matrixes). The results showed that (1) plant individuals in IAs were less stressed and in better physiological states than those in NIAs; (2) for community structures, IA plants tended to be shorter and denser and had a higher coverage condition than that of NIA plants; and (3) ecosystem functions in IAs were significantly improved due to the existence of shrubs and higher biomass. Meanwhile, significant correlations were identified between the wind wake caused by the large spinning blades and the community structures. Constructing wind turbines in the Gobi Desert is a win-win strategy that both contributes to the growth of desert vegetation with a favourable microclimate and sufficiently utilizes wind power to produce clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lingchao He
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hanjian Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Alamgir Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Genxuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
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27
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Daam MA, Teixeira H, Lillebø AI, Nogueira AJA. Establishing causal links between aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Status and research needs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1145-1156. [PMID: 30625646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how changes in biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning is imperative in allowing Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM), especially when addressing global change and environmental degradation. Research into the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has indeed increased considerably over the past decades. BEF research has focussed on terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems have received considerably less attention. Due to differences in phylogenetic diversity, ecological processes and reported BEF relationships, however, it may at least be questionable whether BEF relationships are exchangeable between these ecosystems (i.e. terrestrial and aquatic). The aim of the present paper was therefore to pinpoint key areas and bottlenecks in establishing BEF relationships for aquatic ecosystems (freshwater, transitional, and marine). To this end, the available literature with special emphasis on the last 10 years was assessed to evaluate: i) reported mechanisms and shapes of aquatic BEF relationships; ii) to what extent BEF relations are interchangeable or ecosystem-specific; and iii) contemporary gaps and needs in aquatic BEF research. Based on our analysis, it may be concluded that despite considerable progress in BEF research over the past decades, several bottlenecks still need to be tackled, namely incorporating the multitude of functions supported by ecosystems, functional distinctiveness of rare species, multitrophic interactions and spatial-temporal scales, before BEF relationships can be used in ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Heliana Teixeira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António J A Nogueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-191 Aveiro, Portugal.
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28
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Shi W, Li M, Wei G, Tian R, Li C, Wang B, Lin R, Shi C, Chi X, Zhou B, Gao Z. The occurrence of potato common scab correlates with the community composition and function of the geocaulosphere soil microbiome. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:14. [PMID: 30709420 PMCID: PMC6359780 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil microorganisms can mediate the occurrence of plant diseases. Potato common scab (CS) is a refractory disease caused by pathogenic Streptomyces that occurs worldwide, but little is known about the interactions between CS and the soil microbiome. In this study, four soil-root system compartments (geocaulosphere soil (GS), rhizosphere soil (RS), root-zone soil (ZS), and furrow soil (FS)) were analyzed for potato plants with naturally high (H) and low (L) scab severity levels. We aimed to determine the composition and putative function of the soil microbiome associated with potato CS. RESULTS The copy numbers of the scab phytotoxin biosynthetic gene txtAB and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene as well as the diversity and composition of each of the four soil-root system compartments were examined; GS was the only compartment that exhibited significant differences between the H and L groups. Compared to the H group, the L group exhibited a lower txtAB gene copy number, lower bacterial 16S copy number, higher diversity, higher co-occurrence network complexity, and higher community function similarity within the GS microbiome. The community composition and function of the GS samples were further revealed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Variovorax, Stenotrophomonas, and Agrobacterium were the most abundant genera that were significantly and positively correlated with the scab severity level, estimated absolute abundance (EAA) of pathogenic Streptomyces, and txtAB gene copy number. In contrast, Geobacillus, Curtobacterium, and unclassified Geodermatophilaceae were significantly negatively correlated with these three parameters. Compared to the function profiles in the L group, several genes involved in "ABC transporters," the "bacterial secretion system," "quorum sensing (QS)," "nitrogen metabolism," and some metabolism by cytochrome P450 were enriched in the H group. In contrast, some antibiotic biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the L group. Based on the differences in community composition and function, a simple model was proposed to explain the putative relationships between the soil microbiome and CS occurrence. CONCLUSIONS The GS microbiome was closely associated with CS severity in the soil-root system, and the occurrence of CS was accompanied by changes in community composition and function. The differential functions provide new clues to elucidate the mechanism underlying the interaction between CS occurrence and the soil microbiome, and varying community compositions provide novel insights into CS occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mingcong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Guangshan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Renmao Tian
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
| | - Cuiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Rongshan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Chunyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiuli Chi
- Plant Protection Station, Jiaozhou Agricultural Bureau, Qingdao, 266300, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Zheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA.
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29
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Lv T, He Q, Hong Y, Liu C, Yu D. Effects of Water Quality Adjusted by Submerged Macrophytes on the Richness of the Epiphytic Algal Community. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1980. [PMID: 30687372 PMCID: PMC6334159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes and epiphytic algae play significant roles in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Submerged macrophytes can influence the epiphytic algal community by directly or indirectly modifying environmental conditions (nutrients, light, etc.). From December to June of the following year, we investigated the dynamics of the dominant winter species Potamogeton crispus, its epiphytic algae, and water quality parameters in the shallow Liangzi Lake in China. The richness of epiphytic algae had a trend similar to that of P. crispus coverage, which increased in the first four months and then decreased in the following three months. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that P. crispus affected the richness of epiphytic algae by reducing nutrient concentrations (reduction in total organic carbon, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand) and enhancing water transparency (reduction in turbidity and total suspend solids) to enhance the richness of epiphytic algae. The results indicated that high amounts of submerged macrophyte cover can increase the richness of the epiphytic algal community by changing water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Yu
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Liu, Dan Yu,
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30
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Mai YZ, Lai ZN, Li XH, Peng SY, Wang C. Structural and functional shifts of bacterioplanktonic communities associated with spatiotemporal gradients in river outlets of the subtropical Pearl River Estuary, South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:309-321. [PMID: 30509812 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, to investigate the spatio-temporal variation in bacterial communities in surface-waters collected from eight major outlets of the Pearl River Estuary, South China. Betaproteobacteria were the most abundant class among the communities, followed by Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidimicrobiia. Generally, alpha-diversity increased in winter communities and the taxonomic diversity of bacterial communities differed with seasonal and spatial differences. Temperature, conductivity, salinity, pH and nutrients were the crucial environmental factors associated with shifts in the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, inferred community functions that were associated with amino acid, carbohydrate and energy metabolisms were lower in winter, whereas the relative abundance of inferred functions associated with membrane transport, bacterial motility proteins, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, were enriched in winter. These results provide new insights into the dynamics of bacterial communities within estuarine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhan Mai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zi-Ni Lai
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Xin-Hui Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Song-Yao Peng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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31
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Houlahan JE, Currie DJ, Cottenie K, Cumming GS, Findlay CS, Fuhlendorf SD, Legendre P, Muldavin EH, Noble D, Russell R, Stevens RD, Willis TJ, Wondzell SM. Negative relationships between species richness and temporal variability are common but weak in natural systems. Ecology 2018; 99:2592-2604. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Houlahan
- Biology Department University of New Brunswick at Saint John P.O. Box 5050 Saint John New Brunswick E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - D. J. Currie
- Ottawa Carleton Institute of Biology University Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - K. Cottenie
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - G. S. Cumming
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - C. S. Findlay
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - S. D. Fuhlendorf
- Department of Plant and Soil Science Oklahoma State University 368 AGH Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | - P. Legendre
- Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, succursale Centre‐ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - E. H. Muldavin
- Biology Department University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - D. Noble
- The National Centre for Ornithology The Nunnery British Trust for Ornithology Thetford Norfolk IP24 2PU United Kingdom
| | - R. Russell
- The Sandhill Institute for Complexity and Sustainability Grand Forks British Columbia V0H 1H0 Canada
| | - R. D. Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management Texas Tech University 007D Goddard Hall Lubbock Texas 79409 USA
| | - T. J. Willis
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Southern Maine 309 Bailey Hall Portland Maine 04104 USA
| | - S. M. Wondzell
- Corvallis Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest Research Station 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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32
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Brown BL, Downing AL, Leibold MA. Compensatory dynamics stabilize aggregate community properties in response to multiple types of perturbations. Ecology 2018; 97:2021-2033. [PMID: 27859207 DOI: 10.1890/15-1951.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compensatory dynamics are an important suite of mechanisms that can stabilize community and ecosystem attributes in systems subject to environmental fluctuations. However, few experimental investigations of compensatory dynamics have addressed these mechanisms in systems of real-world complexity, and existing evidence relies heavily on correlative analyses, retrospective examination, and experiments in simple systems. We investigated the potential for compensatory dynamics to stabilize plankton communities in plankton mesocosm systems of real-world complexity. We employed four types of perturbations including two types of nutrient pulses, shading, and acidification. To quantify how communities responded to these perturbations, we used a measure of community-wide synchrony combined with spectral analysis that allowed us to assess timescale-specific community dynamics, for example, whether dynamics were synchronous at some timescales but compensatory at others. The 150-d experiment produced 32-point time series of all zooplankton taxa in the mesocosms. We then used those time series to evaluate total zooplankton biomass as an aggregate property and to evaluate community dynamics. For three of our four perturbation types, total zooplankton biomass was significantly less variable in systems with environmental variation than in constant environments. For the same three perturbation types, community-wide synchrony was much lower in fluctuating environments than in the constant environment, particularly at longer timescales (periods ≈ 60 d). Additionally, there were strong negative correlations between population temporal variances and the level of community-wide synchrony. Taken together, these results strongly imply that compensatory interactions between species stabilized total biomass in response to perturbations. Diversity did not differ significantly across either treatments or perturbation types, thus ruling out several classes of mechanisms driven by changes in diversity. We also used several pieces of secondary evidence to evaluate the particular mechanism behind compensatory responses since a wide variety of mechanisms are hypothesized to produce compensatory dynamics. We concluded that fluctuation dependent endogenous cycles that occur as a consequence of consumer-resource interactions in competitive communities were the most likely explanation for the compensatory dynamics observed in our experiment. As with our previous work, scale-dependent dynamics were also a key to understanding compensatory dynamics in these experimental communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Amy L Downing
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, 43015, USA
| | - Mathew A Leibold
- Integrative Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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33
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Pires APF, Srivastava DS, Farjalla VF. Is Biodiversity Able to Buffer Ecosystems from Climate Change? What We Know and What We Don’t. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aliny P F Pires
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and an associated researcher at Fundação Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (FBDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change (Rede Clima) and to the Brazilian Plataform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BPBES)
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada and the director of the Canadian Institute of Ecology and Evolution (CIEE/ICEE)
| | - Vinicius F Farjalla
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and an associated researcher at Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global, LINCGlobal
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change (Rede Clima) and to the Brazilian Plataform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (BPBES)
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34
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Ushio M, Hsieh CH, Masuda R, Deyle ER, Ye H, Chang CW, Sugihara G, Kondoh M. Fluctuating interaction network and time-varying stability of a natural fish community. Nature 2018; 554:360-363. [PMID: 29414940 DOI: 10.1038/nature25504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological theory suggests that large-scale patterns such as community stability can be influenced by changes in interspecific interactions that arise from the behavioural and/or physiological responses of individual species varying over time. Although this theory has experimental support, evidence from natural ecosystems is lacking owing to the challenges of tracking rapid changes in interspecific interactions (known to occur on timescales much shorter than a generation time) and then identifying the effect of such changes on large-scale community dynamics. Here, using tools for analysing nonlinear time series and a 12-year-long dataset of fortnightly collected observations on a natural marine fish community in Maizuru Bay, Japan, we show that short-term changes in interaction networks influence overall community dynamics. Among the 15 dominant species, we identify 14 interspecific interactions to construct a dynamic interaction network. We show that the strengths, and even types, of interactions change with time; we also develop a time-varying stability measure based on local Lyapunov stability for attractor dynamics in non-equilibrium nonlinear systems. We use this dynamic stability measure to examine the link between the time-varying interaction network and community stability. We find seasonal patterns in dynamic stability for this fish community that broadly support expectations of current ecological theory. Specifically, the dominance of weak interactions and higher species diversity during summer months are associated with higher dynamic stability and smaller population fluctuations. We suggest that interspecific interactions, community network structure and community stability are dynamic properties, and that linking fluctuating interaction networks to community-level dynamic properties is key to understanding the maintenance of ecological communities in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ushio
- Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan.,Joint Research Center for Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan.,Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- Institute of Oceanography, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP)-Earth System Science Program, Academia Sinica and National Central University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,National Center for Theoretical Science, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Masuda
- Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086, Japan
| | - Ethan R Deyle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hao Ye
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP)-Earth System Science Program, Academia Sinica and National Central University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
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35
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Feng K, Zhang Z, Cai W, Liu W, Xu M, Yin H, Wang A, He Z, Deng Y. Biodiversity and species competition regulate the resilience of microbial biofilm community. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6170-6182. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and Research Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT) Harbin China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha China
| | - Aijie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Institute for Environmental Genomics University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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36
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Dias RM, Ortega JCG, Gomes LC, Agostinho AA. Trophic relationships in fish assemblages of Neotropical floodplain lakes: selectivity and feeding overlap mediated by food availability. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT. The relationships between the degree of dietary overlap and food availability, and implications for food selectivity of fish species were evaluated at floodplain lakes on the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. The hypothesis tested were: i) species become less selective in lakes with high availability of food resources; and ii) species (interspecific) or individual (intraspecific) present higher food overlap in conditions of high availability of food resources. In general, with the results was observed that species become less selective when the environment provided higher availability of food resources. Interspecific overlap did not show a pattern when evaluating availability of food resources in the lakes. However, intraspecific overlap tended to be more accentuated in conditions of high availability of resource food.
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37
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38
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Yamane L, Botsford LW, Kilduff DP. Tracking restoration of population diversity via the portfolio effect. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Yamane
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California, Davis; Davis CA USA
| | - Louis W. Botsford
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology; University of California, Davis; Davis CA USA
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39
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Carey CC, Brown BL, Cottingham KL. The cyanobacterium
Gloeotrichia echinulata
increases the stability and network complexity of phytoplankton communities. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cayelan C. Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Derring Hall, 926 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Bryan L. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Derring Hall, 926 West Campus Drive Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Kathryn L. Cottingham
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Class of 1978 Life Sciences Center 78 College Street Hanover New Hampshire 03755 USA
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Karkman A, Lehtimäki J, Ruokolainen L. The ecology of human microbiota: dynamics and diversity in health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1399:78-92. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Karkman
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jenni Lehtimäki
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Yang Z, Zhang Q, Su F, Zhang C, Pu Z, Xia J, Wan S, Jiang L. Daytime warming lowers community temporal stability by reducing the abundance of dominant, stable species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:154-163. [PMID: 27275848 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Daytime warming and nighttime warming have the potential to influence plant community structure and ecosystem functions. However, their impacts on ecological stability remain largely unexplored. We conducted an eight-year field experiment to compare the effects of daytime and nighttime warming on the temporal stability of a temperate steppe in northern China. Our results showed that the cover and stability of dominant species, stability of subordinate species, and compensatory dynamics among species strongly influenced community-level stability. However, daytime, but not nighttime, warming significantly reduced community temporal stability mainly through the reduction in the abundance of dominant, stable species. These findings demonstrate the differential effects of daytime and nighttime warming on community stability and emphasize the importance of understanding the changes of dominant species for accurately predicting community dynamics under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fanglong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Zhichao Pu
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Paini DR, Mokany K. Birds of a feather: using species assemblages to assess vulnerability to extinction. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:415-423. [PMID: 27209784 DOI: 10.1890/15-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estimating extinction vulnerability for a large number of species presents significant challenges for researchers, but is of high importance considering the large number of species that are currently unassessed. We present a method using a type of artificial neural network (self organizing map; SOM), which utilizes the co-occurrence patterns of species to estimate each species' vulnerability to extinction. We use this method on Australian bird assemblages and compare the SOM-generated rankings for vulnerability with assessments from the IUCN Red List for those species in which populations have actually been estimated. For species that have had their populations estimated, the SOM performed well in distinguishing those species ranked of least concern by IUCN from those species in one of the other IUCN categories. Further, 19 species that were identified as highly vulnerable by the SOM analysis have never had their populations estimated and have been ranked by the IUCN of least concern. We show how the SOM can identify spatial variation in vulnerability for a species, and identify those regions in Australia in which the resident species have the greatest levels of vulnerability (central Australia). We conclude that the SOM provides a useful tool for researchers and agencies dealing with conservation strategies focused on large numbers of species and we urge a more detailed assessment of the 19 bird species identified by this analysis as vulnerable to extinction.
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Mano H, Tanaka Y. Mechanisms of compensatory dynamics in zooplankton and maintenance of food chain efficiency under toxicant stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:399-411. [PMID: 26683817 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Communities with species that are tolerant to environmental stresses may be able to maintain the ecosystem functions under the stress, because the tolerant species can compensate for the loss of sensitive species. In this study, we focused on the food chain efficiency (FCE), the trophic transfer across three trophic levels, as an important process for ecosystem function, and examined the conditions under which such compensation could occur with aquarium experiments using an insecticide (methomyl) as the stressor. Our aquariums included one of two pairs of insecticide-tolerant and insecticide-sensitive cladoceran species, and a fish as the predator. The response of FCE to the insecticide stress, as indicated by the fish biomass production, depended on the zooplankton species combinations. FCE and total zooplankton biomass were maintained in the pair in which the compensatory changes of species abundances were clear, whereas they decreased in the pair in which the compensatory changes were not clear. This indicated the compensatory dynamics in the zooplankton community responsible for the observed resistance to the stress. We inferred the driving factors for the compensatory dynamics and the community resistance with respect to species traits of ecological importance, and concluded that a dissimilarity between species as regards the tolerance trait and a clear trade-off between the tolerance and the competitive ability was required to drive the compensatory dynamics, and a similarity or a superiority of the tolerant species as regards the functional effect trait (the predator avoidance and the reproductive potential) were required to maintain FCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mano
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.
- Water Environmental Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, Minamihara 1-6, Tsukuba, 305-8516, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Tanaka
- Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
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44
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Oliver TH, Heard MS, Isaac NJB, Roy DB, Procter D, Eigenbrod F, Freckleton R, Hector A, Orme CDL, Petchey OL, Proença V, Raffaelli D, Suttle KB, Mace GM, Martín-López B, Woodcock BA, Bullock JM. Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:673-684. [PMID: 26437633 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating rates of environmental change and the continued loss of global biodiversity threaten functions and services delivered by ecosystems. Much ecosystem monitoring and management is focused on the provision of ecosystem functions and services under current environmental conditions, yet this could lead to inappropriate management guidance and undervaluation of the importance of biodiversity. The maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under substantial predicted future environmental change (i.e., their 'resilience') is crucial. Here we identify a range of mechanisms underpinning the resilience of ecosystem functions across three ecological scales. Although potentially less important in the short term, biodiversity, encompassing variation from within species to across landscapes, may be crucial for the longer-term resilience of ecosystem functions and the services that they underpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK; NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK.
| | | | | | - David B Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Owen L Petchey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vânia Proença
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - K Blake Suttle
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Berta Martín-López
- Social-Ecological Systems Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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