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Bielčik M, Schlägel UE, Schäfer M, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Lakovic M, Sosa-Hernández MA, Hammer EC, Jeltsch F, Rillig MC. Aligning spatial ecological theory with the study of clonal organisms: the case of fungal coexistence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39073180 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Established ecological theory has focused on unitary organisms, and thus its concepts have matured into a form that often hinders rather than facilitates the ecological study of modular organisms. Here, we use the example of filamentous fungi to develop concepts that enable integration of non-unitary (modular) organisms into the established community ecology theory, with particular focus on its spatial aspects. In doing so, we provide a link between fungal community ecology and modern coexistence theory (MCT). We first show how community processes and predictions made by MCT can be used to define meaningful scales in fungal ecology. This leads to the novel concept of the unit of community interactions (UCI), a promising conceptual tool for applying MCT to communities of modular organisms with indeterminate clonal growth and hierarchical individuality. We outline plausible coexistence mechanisms structuring fungal communities, and show at what spatial scales and in what habitats they are most likely to act. We end by describing challenges and opportunities for empirical and theoretical research in fungal competitive coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Bielčik
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Microbial Biogeochemistry, Research Area Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str.84, Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Ulrike E Schlägel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, House 60, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Merlin Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, House 60, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Alte Messe 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Building R2, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Seminaarinkatu 15, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Milica Lakovic
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Moisés A Sosa-Hernández
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Edith C Hammer
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, House 60, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr.34, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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Angst G, Potapov A, Joly FX, Angst Š, Frouz J, Ganault P, Eisenhauer N. Conceptualizing soil fauna effects on labile and stabilized soil organic matter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5005. [PMID: 38886372 PMCID: PMC11183196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fauna is highly abundant and diverse in soils worldwide, but surprisingly little is known about how it affects soil organic matter stabilization. Here, we review how the ecological strategies of a multitude of soil faunal taxa can affect the formation and persistence of labile (particulate organic matter, POM) and stabilized soil organic matter (mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM). We propose three major mechanisms - transformation, translocation, and grazing on microorganisms - by which soil fauna alters factors deemed essential in the formation of POM and MAOM, including the quantity and decomposability of organic matter, soil mineralogy, and the abundance, location, and composition of the microbial community. Determining the relevance of these mechanisms to POM and MAOM formation in cross-disciplinary studies that cover individual taxa and more complex faunal communities, and employ physical fractionation, isotopic, and microbiological approaches is essential to advance concepts, models, and policies focused on soil organic matter and effectively manage soils as carbon sinks, nutrient stores, and providers of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anton Potapov
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz, Postfach 300 154, 02806, Görlitz, Germany
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Šárka Angst
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Frouz
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology & Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benátská 2, Praha 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pierre Ganault
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratoire ECODIV USC INRAE 1499, Université de Rouen Normandie, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Rouen, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Posadas J, Velez P, Pajares S, Gasca-Pineda J, Espinosa-Asuar L. Fungal diversity in sediments of the eastern tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone revealed by metabarcoding. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301605. [PMID: 38739592 PMCID: PMC11090300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) represent ~8% of the ocean, with the Pacific as the largest and top expanding area. These regions influence marine ecosystems, promoting anaerobic microbial communities. Nevertheless, only a fraction of microbial diversity has been studied, with fungi being the less explored component. So, herein we analyzed fungal diversity patterns in surface and subsurface sediments along a bathymetric transect using metabarcoding of the ITS1 region in the OMZ of the Mexican Pacific off Mazatlán. We identified 353 amplicon sequence variants (ASV), within the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Rozellomycota. Spatial patterns evidenced higher alpha diversity in nearshore and subsurface subsamples, probably due to temporal fluctuations in organic matter inputs. Small-scale heterogeneity characterized the community with the majority of ASV (269 ASV) occurring in a single subsample, hinting at the influence of local biogeochemical conditions. This baseline data evidenced a remarkable fungal diversity presenting high variation along a bathymetric and vertical transects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Posadas
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Velez
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Pajares
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gasca-Pineda
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Espinosa-Asuar
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang YF, Xu JY, Liu ZL, Cui HL, Chen P, Cai TG, Li G, Ding LJ, Qiao M, Zhu YG, Zhu D. Biological Interactions Mediate Soil Functions by Altering Rare Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5866-5877. [PMID: 38504110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbes, the main driving force of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, facilitate soil organic matter turnover. However, the influence of the soil fauna on microbial communities remains poorly understood. We investigated soil microbiota dynamics by introducing competition and predation among fauna into two soil ecosystems with different fertilization histories. The interactions significantly affected rare microbial communities including bacteria and fungi. Predation enhanced the abundance of C/N cycle-related genes. Rare microbial communities are important drivers of soil functional gene enrichment. Key rare microbial taxa, including SM1A02, Gammaproteobacteria, and HSB_OF53-F07, were identified. Metabolomics analysis suggested that increased functional gene abundance may be due to specific microbial metabolic activity mediated by soil fauna interactions. Predation had a stronger effect on rare microbes, functional genes, and microbial metabolism compared to competition. Long-term organic fertilizer application increased the soil resistance to animal interactions. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of microbial community dynamics under soil biological interactions, emphasizing the roles of competition and predation among soil fauna in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Jia-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhe-Lun Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui-Ling Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tian-Gui Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Long-Jun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
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Sun L, Li G, Zhao J, Zhang T, Liu J, Zhang J. Core microbiota drive multi-functionality of the soil microbiome in the Cinnamomum camphora coppice planting. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38200417 PMCID: PMC10777636 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl (C. camphora) is an evergreen broad-leaved tree cultivated in subtropical China. The use of C. camphora as clonal cuttings for coppice management has become popular recently. However, little is known about the relationship between soil core microbiota and ecosystem multi-functionality under tree planting. Particularly, the effects of soil core microbiota on maintaining ecosystem multi-functionality under C. camphora coppice planting remained unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we collected soil samples from three points (i.e., the abandoned land, the root zone, and the transition zone) in the C. camphora coppice planting to investigate whether core microbiota influences ecosystem multi-functions. RESULTS The result showed a significant difference in soil core microbiota community between the abandoned land (AL), root zone (RZ), and transition zone (TZ), and soil ecosystem multi-functionality of core microbiota in RZ had increased significantly (by 230.8%) compared to the AL. Soil core microbiota played a more significant influence on ecosystem multi-functionality than the non-core microbiota. Moreover, the co-occurrence network demonstrated that the soil ecosystem network consisted of five major ecological clusters. Soil core microbiota within cluster 1 were significantly higher than in cluster 4, and there is also a higher Copiotrophs/Oligotrophs ratio in cluster 1. Our results corroborated that soil core microbiota is crucial for maintaining ecosystem multi-functionality. Especially, the core taxa within the clusters of networks under tree planting, with the same ecological preferences, had a significant contribution to ecosystem multi-functionality. CONCLUSION Overall, our results provide further insight into the linkage between core taxa and ecosystem multi-functionality. This enables us to predict how ecosystem functions respond to the environmental changes in areas under the C. camphora coppice planting. Thus, conserving the soil microbiota, especially the core taxa, is essential to maintaining the multiple ecosystem functions under the C. camphora coppice planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed- breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Guilong Li
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed- breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, 330032, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed- breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China.
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Ang SBH, Lam WN, Png GK, Tan SKB, Lee BPYH, Khoo M, Luskin MS, Wardle DA, Slade EM. Isopod mouthpart traits respond to a tropical forest recovery gradient. Oecologia 2024; 204:147-159. [PMID: 38151651 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional trait ecology has the potential to provide generalizable and mechanistic predictions of ecosystem function from data of species distributions and traits. The traits that are selected should both respond to environmental factors and influence ecosystem functioning. Invertebrate mouthpart traits fulfill these criteria, but are seldom collected, lack standardized measurement protocols, and have infrequently been investigated in response to environmental factors. We surveyed isopod species that consume plant detritus, and tree communities in 58 plots across primary and secondary forests in Singapore. We measured body dimensions (body size traits), pereopod and antennae lengths (locomotory traits), dimensions of mandible structures (morphological mouthpart traits), and mechanical advantages generated by mandible shape (mechanical mouthpart traits) for six isopod species found in these plots and investigated if these traits respond to changes in tree community composition, tree diversity, and forest structure. Morphological mouthpart traits responded to a tree compositional gradient reflecting forest recovery degree. Mouthpart features associated with greater consumption of litter (broader but less serrated/rugose lacinia mobilis [an important cutting and chewing structure on the mandible]) were most prevalent in abandoned plantation and young secondary forests containing disturbance-associated tree species. Feeding strategies associated with fungi grazing (narrower and more serrated/rugose lacinia mobilis) were most prevalent in late secondary forests containing later successional tree species. Since morphological mouthpart traits likely also predict consumption and excretion rates of isopods, these traits advance our understanding of environment-trait-ecosystem functioning relationships across contrasting tropical forest plots that vary in composition, disturbance history, and post-disturbance recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn B H Ang
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Weng Ngai Lam
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
| | - G Kenny Png
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sylvia K B Tan
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Benjamin P Y-H Lee
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Republic of Singapore
| | - Max Khoo
- Wildlife Management Division, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Republic of Singapore
| | - Matthew S Luskin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
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Dejene T, Merga B, Martín-Pinto P. Green trees preservation: A sustainable source of valuable mushrooms for Ethiopian local communities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294633. [PMID: 38019803 PMCID: PMC10686473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Ethiopia, Pinus radiata and Pinus patula are extensively cultivated. Both plantations frequently serve as habitats for edible fungi, providing economic and ecological importance. Our study aims were: (i) to investigate how plantation age and tree species influence the variety of edible fungi and sporocarps production; (ii) to determine edaphic factors contributing to variations in sporocarps composition; and (iii) to establish a relationship between the most influencing edaphic factors and the production of valuable edible mushrooms for both plantation types. Sporocarps were collected weekly from permanent plots (100 m2) established in 5-, 14-, and 28-year-old stands of both species in 2020. From each plot, composite soil samples were also collected to determine explanatory edaphic variables for sporocarps production and composition. A total of 24 edible species, comprising 21 saprophytic and three ectomycorrhizal ones were identified. Agaricus campestroides, Morchella sp., Suillus luteus, Lepista sordida, and Tylopilus niger were found in both plantations. Sporocarp yields showed significant variation, with the highest mean production in 28-year-old stands of both Pinus stands. Differences in sporocarps variety were also observed between the two plantations, influenced by factors such as pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and cation exchange capacity. Bovista dermoxantha, Coprinellus domesticus, and A. campestroides made contributions to the variety. The linear regression models indicated that the abundance of specific fungi was significantly predicted by organic matter. This insight into the nutrient requirements of various fungal species can inform for a better plantation management to produce both wood and non-wood forest products. Additionally, higher sporocarps production in older stands suggests that retaining patches of mature trees after the final cut can enhance fungal habitat, promoting diversity and yield. Thus, implementing this approach could provide supplementary income opportunities from mushroom sales and enhance the economic outputs of plantations, while mature trees could serve as a source of fungal inoculum for new plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatek Dejene
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA, Avenida Madrid, Palencia, Spain
- Ethiopian Forestry Development (EFD), Forest Products Innovation Center of Excellency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bulti Merga
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA, Avenida Madrid, Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Pinto
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA, Avenida Madrid, Palencia, Spain
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Liu J, You C, Xu Z, Liu Y, Zhang L, Li H, Wang L, Liu S, He S, Luo Z, Tan B. Soil arthropods promote litter enzyme activity by regulating microbial carbon limitation and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in a subalpine forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162789. [PMID: 36914138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil arthropods are crucial decomposers of litter at both global and local scales, yet their functional roles in mediating microbial activity during litter decomposition remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a two-year field experiment using litterbags to assess the effects of soil arthropods on the extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) in two litter substrates (Abies faxoniana and Betula albosinensis) in a subalpine forest. A biocide (naphthalene) was used to permit (nonnaphthalene) or exclude (naphthalene application) the presence of soil arthropods in litterbags during decomposition. Our results showed that biocide application was effective in reducing the abundance of soil arthropods in litterbags, with the density and species richness of soil arthropods decreasing by 64.18-75.45 % and 39.19-63.30 %, respectively. Litter with soil arthropods had a greater activity of C-degrading (β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase), N-degrading (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, leucine arylamidase) and P-degrading (phosphatase) enzymes than litter from which soil arthropods were excluded. The contributions of soil arthropods to C-, N- and P-degrading EEAs in the fir litter were 38.09 %, 15.62 % and 61.69 %, and those for the birch litter were 27.97 %, 29.18 % and 30.40 %, respectively. Furthermore, the stoichiometric analyses of enzyme activity indicated that there was potential C and P colimitation in both the soil arthropod inclusion and exclusion litterbags, and the presence of soil arthropods decreased C limitation in the two litter species. Our structural equation models suggested that soil arthropods indirectly promoted C-, N- and P-degrading EEAs by regulating the litter C content and litter stoichiometry (e.g., N/P, LN/N and C/P) during litter decomposition. These results demonstrate that soil arthropods play an important functional role in modulating EEAs during litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Liu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sining Liu
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuqin He
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziteng Luo
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Security in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China.
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9
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Santamaria B, Verbeken A, Haelewaters D. Mycophagy: A Global Review of Interactions between Invertebrates and Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:163. [PMID: 36836278 PMCID: PMC9968043 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are diverse organisms that occupy important niches in natural settings and agricultural settings, acting as decomposers, mutualists, and parasites and pathogens. Interactions between fungi and other organisms, specifically invertebrates, are understudied. Their numbers are also severely underestimated. Invertebrates exist in many of the same spaces as fungi and are known to engage in fungal feeding or mycophagy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, global view of mycophagy in invertebrates to bring attention to areas that need more research, by prospecting the existing literature. Separate searches on the Web of Science were performed using the terms "mycophagy" and "fungivore". Invertebrate species and corresponding fungal species were extracted from the articles retrieved, whether the research was field- or laboratory-based, and the location of the observation if field-based. Articles were excluded if they did not list at least a genus identification for both the fungi and invertebrates. The search yielded 209 papers covering seven fungal phyla and 19 invertebrate orders. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the most represented fungal phyla whereas Coleoptera and Diptera make up most of the invertebrate observations. Most field-based observations originated from North America and Europe. Research on invertebrate mycophagy is lacking in some important fungal phyla, invertebrate orders, and geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Santamaria
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas (CIMi), Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David 0427, Panama
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10
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Huang M, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Liang Y. Microplastics in soil ecosystems: soil fauna responses to field applications of conventional and biodegradable microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129943. [PMID: 36099741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although biodegradable plastics are considered an environmentally-friendly alternative to conventional plastics, the effects of biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) on soil faunal communities are poorly understood, especially under field conditions. Here, we investigated the loading impacts of two conventional low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) MPs as well as two biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) MPs at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/m2 on soil fauna communities. After 40 d, all MP types did not affect the soil fauna communities. After 130 d, conventional MPs (LDPE-15 and PP-5) significantly increased the abundance of overall soil fauna-attributed mainly to changes in the abundance of Collembola; however, BMPs did not affect the soil fauna communities. Interestingly, MP-induced changes in the abundance and diversity of soil fauna showed a strong tendency to increase over time. Overall, these results indicate that the short-term effects of all MP types on soil faunal communities are inapparent, while soil fauna responses to conventional MPs and BMPs showed slight differences over time. Given these time-dependent soil fauna responses to MPs, we recommend an evaluation of the long-term effects of MPs on soil organisms to gain a comprehensive understanding of their effects on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Huang
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China
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11
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Thomas PW, Thomas HW. Mycorrhizal fungi and invertebrates: Impacts on Tuber melanosporum ascospore dispersal and lifecycle by isopod mycophagy. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Xiang Q, Chen QL, Yang XR, Li G, Zhu D. Soil mesofauna alter the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in the plastisphere during microbial succession. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157820. [PMID: 35932868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris, as a novel substrate, provides an avenue for enriching microbial growth. Although the structure of the aquatic plastisphere microbial community is well-characterised, linkages between microbial community assembly and species co-existence in the soil plastisphere vary and remain poorly understood, particularly when soil fauna is involved. This study investigated the soil plastisphere community, including bacteria, fungi, and protists, focusing on microbial succession and community assembly processes impacted by soil mesofauna. Certain soil plastisphere microbial taxa thrived at particular time points (e.g. Actinobacteria at 60 d), indicating the irreplaceable role of microplastic selection for time-sensitive taxa. Additionally, the biodiversity of keystone ecological clusters in the soil plastisphere was significantly associated with incubation time. Furthermore, the slopes of bacterial and fungal time-decay curves in soil plastisphere were steeper when treated with soil mesofauna than without soil mesofauna, whereas protist time-decay curves (total and abundant taxa) exhibited the opposite trend. Soil mesofauna increased the relative importance of determinacy in the soil plastisphere bacterial assembly process, while enhancing the stochasticity of fungal and protistan community assemblages. The study demonstrates the complex assembly patterns of soil plastisphere microbial communities, emphasising the importance of interactions between the plastisphere and local soil fauna from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Zhongke Road, NingBo 315800, China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Zhongke Road, NingBo 315800, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Zhongke Road, NingBo 315800, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Zhongke Road, NingBo 315800, China.
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13
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Poppeliers SWM, Hefting M, Dorrepaal E, Weedon JT. Functional microbial ecology in arctic soils: the need for a year-round perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6824434. [PMID: 36368693 PMCID: PMC9701097 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecology of arctic and sub-arctic soils is an important aspect of the global carbon cycle, due to the sensitivity of the large soil carbon stocks to ongoing climate warming. These regions are characterized by strong climatic seasonality, but the emphasis of most studies on the short vegetation growing season could potentially limit our ability to predict year-round ecosystem functions. We compiled a database of studies from arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments that include sampling of microbial community and functions outside the growing season. We found that for studies comparing across seasons, in most environments, microbial biomass and community composition vary intra-annually, with the spring thaw period often identified by researchers as the most dynamic time of year. This seasonality of microbial communities will have consequences for predictions of ecosystem function under climate change if it results in: seasonality in process kinetics of microbe-mediated functions; intra-annual variation in the importance of different (a)biotic drivers; and/or potential temporal asynchrony between climate change-related perturbations and their corresponding effects. Future research should focus on (i) sampling throughout the entire year; (ii) linking these multi-season measures of microbial community composition with corresponding functional or physiological measurements to elucidate the temporal dynamics of the links between them; and (iii) identifying dominant biotic and abiotic drivers of intra-annual variation in different ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne W M Poppeliers
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Mariet Hefting
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umea University, SE-981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - James T Weedon
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Forest Type and Site Conditions Influence the Diversity and Biomass of Edible Macrofungal Species in Ethiopia. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101023. [PMID: 36294588 PMCID: PMC9605516 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethiopian forests are rich in valuable types of non-wood forest products, including mushrooms. However, despite their nutritional, economic, and ecological importance, wild edible mushrooms have been given little attention and are rarely documented in Ethiopia. In this study, we assessed mushroom production levels in natural and plantation forests and the influence of climate and environmental variables on mushroom production. Sporocarps were sampled weekly from July to August 2019 at a set of permanent plots (100 m2) in both forest systems. We analyzed 63 plots to quantify sporocarp species’ richness and fresh weight as well as to elucidate the degree of influence of forest types and site conditions, including soil and climate. Morphological analyses were used to identify fungi. In total, we recorded 64 wild edible fungal species belonging to 31 genera and 21 families from the plots established in the natural and plantation forests. A significantly greater total number of edible fungi were collected from natural forests (n = 40 species) than from plantations. Saprotrophs (92.19%) were the dominant guild whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi represented only 6.25% of species. Ecologically and economically important fungal species such as Agaricus campestroides, Tylopilus niger, Suillus luteus, Tricholoma portentosum, and Morchella americana were collected. The sporocarp yield obtained from plantation forests (2097.57 kg ha−1 yr–1) was significantly greater than that obtained from natural forests (731.18 kg ha−1 yr–1). The fungal community composition based on sporocarp production was mainly correlated with the organic matter, available phosphorus, and total nitrogen content of the soil, and with the daily minimum temperature during collection. Accordingly, improving edible species’ richness and sporocarp production by maintaining ecosystem integrity represents a way of adding economic value to forests and maintaining biological diversity, while providing wood and non-wood forest products; we propose that this approach is imperative for managing Ethiopian forests.
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15
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Wang J, Gao J, Zhang H, Tang M. Changes in Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities of Pinus tabuliformis Plantations at Different Development Stages on the Loess Plateau. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126753. [PMID: 35743198 PMCID: PMC9223801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil fungal community is an important factor in the forest ecosystems, and a better understanding of its composition and dynamic changes will contribute to the maintenance, preservation, and sustainable development of the forest ecosystems. Pinus tabuliformis has been widely planted for local ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau in China in recent decades. However, these plantations have been degraded to different degrees with increasing stand age. Hence, we tried to find the possible causes for the plantation degradation by analyzing soil environmental changes and soil fungal community composition at different stand ages. We collected rhizosphere soil samples from young (10-year-old), middle-aged (20-year-old), and near-mature (30-year-old) P. tabuliformis plantations in this region and characterized their soil properties and soil fungal community diversity and composition. Our results showed that with increasing stand age, the contents of organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen (AN) and nitrate nitrogen (NN) in the soil increased significantly, while the content of available phosphorus (AP) decreased significantly. The main factors affecting the composition of the soil fungal community were the contents of AP, AN, and NN in the soil. In addition, the genus Suillus was the dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus in all periods of P. tabuliformis plantations in this region. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the community composition of ECM fungi was significantly correlated with stand age, soil NN, and AP contents, and that of pathogenic (PAG) fungi was significantly correlated with soil AN and AP contents. The decrease in the relative abundance of ECM fungi and the increase in the relative abundance of PAG fungi would exacerbate the degradation of P. tabulaeformis plantation. Our results illustrated that the content of soil AP is not only an important factor limiting the development of plantations, but it also significantly affects the community composition of soil fungi in the rhizosphere of the P. tabuliformis plantation. This study provides a novel insight into the degradation of P. tabuliformis plantations and builds a solid foundation for their subsequent management, restoration, and sustainable development on the Loess Plateau of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Maillard F, Fernandez CW, Mundra S, Heckman KA, Kolka RK, Kauserud H, Kennedy PG. Warming drives a 'hummockification' of microbial communities associated with decomposing mycorrhizal fungal necromass in peatlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:2032-2043. [PMID: 34559896 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dead fungal mycelium (necromass) represents a critical component of soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycles. Assessing how the microbial communities associated with decomposing fungal necromass change as global temperatures rise will help in determining how these belowground organic matter inputs contribute to ecosystem responses. In this study, we characterized the structure of bacterial and fungal communities associated with multiple types of decaying mycorrhizal fungal necromass incubated within mesh bags across a 9°C whole ecosystem temperature enhancement in a boreal peatland. We found major taxonomic and functional shifts in the microbial communities present on decaying mycorrhizal fungal necromass in response to warming. These changes were most pronounced in hollow microsites, which showed convergence towards the necromass-associated microbial communities present in unwarmed hummocks. We also observed a high colonization of ericoid mycorrhizal fungal necromass by fungi from the same genera as the necromass. These results indicate that microbial communities associated with mycorrhizal fungal necromass decomposition are likely to change significantly with future climate warming, which may have strong impacts on soil biogeochemical cycles in peatlands. Additionally, the high enrichment of congeneric fungal decomposers on ericoid mycorrhizal necromass may help to explain the increase in ericoid shrub dominance in warming peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Maillard
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Christopher W Fernandez
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Randall K Kolka
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, USA
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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17
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Tuo Y, Rong N, Hu J, Zhao G, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Qi Z, Li Y, Zhang B. Exploring the Relationships between Macrofungi Diversity and Major Environmental Factors in Wunvfeng National Forest Park in Northeast China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020098. [PMID: 35205853 PMCID: PMC8880546 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the macrofungi communities of five forest types in Wunvfeng National Forest Park (Jilin, China) by collecting fruiting bodies from 2019–2021. Each forest type had three repeats and covered the main habitats of macrofungi. In addition, we evaluate selected environmental variables and macrofungi communities to relate species composition to potential environmental factors. We collected 1235 specimens belonging to 283 species, 116 genera, and 62 families. We found that Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, and Tricholomataceae were the most diverse family; further, Amanita, Cortinarius, Lactarius, Russula, and Tricholoma were the dominant genera in the area. The macrofungi diversity showed increasing trends from Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini forests to Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour forests. The cumulative species richness was as follows: Q. mongolica forest A > broadleaf mixed forest B > Q. mongolica, P. koraiensis mix forest D (Q. mongolica was the dominant species) > Q. mongolica and P. koraiensis mix forest C (P. koraiensis was the dominant species) > P. koraiensis forest (E). Ectomycorrhizal fungi were the dominant functional group; they were mainly in forest type A and were influenced by soil moisture content and Q. mongolica content (p < 0.05). The wood-rotting fungus showed richer species diversity than other forest types in broadleaf forests A and B. Overall, we concluded that most fungal communities preferred forest types with a relatively high Q. mongolica content. Therefore, the deliberate protection of Q. mongolica forests proves to be a better strategy for maintaining fungal diversity in Wunvfeng National Forest Park.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Li
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (B.Z.)
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18
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Potapov AM, Beaulieu F, Birkhofer K, Bluhm SL, Degtyarev MI, Devetter M, Goncharov AA, Gongalsky KB, Klarner B, Korobushkin DI, Liebke DF, Maraun M, Mc Donnell RJ, Pollierer MM, Schaefer I, Shrubovych J, Semenyuk II, Sendra A, Tuma J, Tůmová M, Vassilieva AB, Chen T, Geisen S, Schmidt O, Tiunov AV, Scheu S. Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1057-1117. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Frédéric Beaulieu
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology Brandenburg University of Technology Karl‐Wachsmann‐Allee 6 03046 Cottbus Germany
| | - Sarah L. Bluhm
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Maxim I. Degtyarev
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Miloslav Devetter
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Anton A. Goncharov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin B. Gongalsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Bernhard Klarner
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Daniil I. Korobushkin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Dana F. Liebke
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mark Maraun
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Rory J. Mc Donnell
- Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Melanie M. Pollierer
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Shrubovych
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS Slawkowska 17 Pl 31‐016 Krakow Poland
- State Museum Natural History of NAS of Ukraine Teatralna 18 79008 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Irina I. Semenyuk
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
- Joint Russian‐Vietnamese Tropical Center №3 Street 3 Thang 2, Q10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Alberto Sendra
- Colecciones Entomológicas Torres‐Sala, Servei de Patrimoni Històric, Ajuntament de València València Spain
- Departament de Didàctica de les Cièncias Experimentals i Socials, Facultat de Magisteri Universitat de València València Spain
| | - Jiri Tuma
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology Branisovska 1160/31 370 05 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Michala Tůmová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Anna B. Vassilieva
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Ting‐Wen Chen
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology Na Sádkách 702/7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Nematology Wageningen University & Research 6700ES Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Schmidt
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Alexei V. Tiunov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Büsgenweg 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
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19
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Retention of Matured Trees to Conserve Fungal Diversity and Edible Sporocarps from Short-Rotation Pinus radiata Plantations in Ethiopia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090702. [PMID: 34575740 PMCID: PMC8471983 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is conducted in the short-rotation plantations from the Afromontane Region of Ethiopia. Sporocarps were sampled weekly in a set of permanent plots (100 m2) in young, medium-aged, and mature Pinus radiata (Don) plantations. Fungal richness, diversity, and sporocarp yields were estimated. Composite soil samples were also collected from each plot to determine explanatory edaphic variables for taxa composition. We collected 92 fungal taxa, of which 8% were ectomycorrhizal (ECM). Taxa richness, the Shannon diversity index, and ECM species richness were higher in mature stands. Interestingly, 26% of taxa were classified as edible. Sporocarp yield showed increasing trends towards matured stands. OM and C/N ratio significantly affected fungal composition and sporocarp production. The deliberate retention of mature trees in a patch form rather than clear felling of the plantations could be useful to conserve and promote fungal diversity and production, including valuable taxa such as Morchella, Suillus, and Tylopilus in older stands. This approach has important implications for forest floor microhabitats, which are important for macrofungal occurrence and production. Thus, this strategy could improve the economic outputs of these plantations in the Afromontane Region, while the mature trees could serve as a bridge for providing fungal inocula to the new plantations.
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Laking AE, Li Z, Goossens E, Miñarro M, Beukema W, Lens L, Bonte D, Verheyen K, Pasmans F, Martel A. Salamander loss alters litter decomposition dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145994. [PMID: 33647642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning. Top down effects of amphibian declines on the trophic food web of the forest floor are poorly understood. Here we quantify and explain the effects of disease-driven loss of salamanders on the dynamics of forest leaf litter. Using paired mesocosms, within a Belgian forest, we tested the effect of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) presence on the trophic cascade that results in the decomposition rate of good quality (maple - Acer pseudoplatanus) and poorer quality (oak - Quercus robur) leaf litter, over an 18 month period. The presence of salamanders reduced decomposition rate of Quercus litter up to 20%. This was associated with a significantly higher predation rate on detritivores, which altered the functional composition of the invertebrate community. Functional composition analysis of the litter microbiome showed less bacteria associated with leaf litter degradation on the Quercus litter in the presence of salamanders. Salamanders thus influence ecosystem functions through trophic cascades and promote the retention of the leaf litter fraction in poorer quality litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Laking
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Zhimin Li
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marta Miñarro
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wouter Beukema
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Gontrode (Melle), Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Valdez JW, Brunbjerg AK, Fløjgaard C, Dalby L, Clausen KK, Pärtel M, Pfeifer N, Hollaus M, Wimmer MH, Ejrnæs R, Moeslund JE. Relationships between macro-fungal dark diversity and habitat parameters using LiDAR. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mundra S, Kjønaas OJ, Morgado LN, Krabberød AK, Ransedokken Y, Kauserud H. Soil depth matters: shift in composition and inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns of microorganisms in forest soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:fiab022. [PMID: 33547899 PMCID: PMC7948073 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil depth represents a strong physiochemical gradient that greatly affects soil-dwelling microorganisms. Fungal communities are typically structured by soil depth, but how other microorganisms are structured is less known. Here, we tested whether depth-dependent variation in soil chemistry affects the distribution and co-occurrence patterns of soil microbial communities. This was investigated by DNA metabarcoding in conjunction with network analyses of bacteria, fungi, as well as other micro-eukaryotes, sampled in four different soil depths in Norwegian birch forests. Strong compositional turnover in microbial assemblages with soil depth was detected for all organismal groups. Significantly greater microbial diversity and fungal biomass appeared in the nutrient-rich organic layer, with sharp decrease towards the less nutrient-rich mineral zones. The proportions of copiotrophic bacteria, Arthropoda and Apicomplexa were markedly higher in the organic layer, while patterns were opposite for oligotrophic bacteria, Cercozoa, Ascomycota and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Network analyses indicated more intensive inter-kingdom co-occurrence patterns in the upper mineral layer (0-5 cm) compared to the above organic and the lower mineral soil, signifying substantial influence of soil depth on biotic interactions. This study supports the view that different microbial groups are adapted to different forest soil strata, with varying level of interactions along the depth gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Mundra
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu-Dhabi, UAE
| | - O Janne Kjønaas
- NIBIO, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Luis N Morgado
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Kristian Krabberød
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Ransedokken
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (EvoGene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Soil Fungal Communities under Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. Plantation Forests of Different Ages in Ethiopia. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of plantation forests is likely to change the diversity and composition of soil fungal communities. At present, there is scant information about these communities in Ethiopian plantation forest systems. We assessed the soil fungal communities in Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. stands aged 5, 11, or 36-years-old using DNA metabarcoding of ITS2 amplicons. The ecological conditions of each plot, such as climate, altitude, and soil, were similar. Stand age and soil fertility influenced soil fungal species diversity and ecological guilds. In total, 2262 fungal operational taxonomic units were identified, of which 2% were ectomycorrhizal (ECM). The diversity of ECM fungi was higher in the 5 and 36-year-old stands than in the 11-year-old P. patula stands. Contrary to our expectations, a high level of ECM species diversity was observed in young stands, suggesting that these ECM species could compensate for the effects of nutrient stress in these stands. Our results also suggested that the abundance of plant pathogens and saprotrophs was not affected by stand age. This study provides baseline information about fungal community changes across tree stands of different ages in P. patula plantations in Ethiopia that are likely related to ECM fungi in young stands where relatively low soil fertility prevails. However, given that the plots were established in a single stand for each age class for each treatment, this study should be considered as a case study and, therefore, caution should be exercised when applying the conclusions to other stands.
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Lin D, Yang G, Dou P, Qian S, Zhao L, Yang Y, Fanin N. Microplastics negatively affect soil fauna but stimulate microbial activity: insights from a field-based microplastic addition experiment. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201268. [PMID: 32873207 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are recognized as an emerging contaminant worldwide. Although microplastics have been shown to strongly affect organisms in aquatic environments, less is known about whether and how microplastics can affect different taxa within a soil community, and it is unclear whether these effects can cascade through soil food webs. By conducting a microplastic manipulation experiment, i.e. adding low-density polyethylene fragments in the field, we found that microplastic addition significantly affected the composition and abundance of microarthropod and nematode communities. Contrary to soil fauna, we found only small effects of microplastics on the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities. Nevertheless, structural equation modelling revealed that the effects of microplastics strongly cascade through the soil food webs, leading to the modification of microbial functioning with further potential consequences on soil carbon and nutrient cycling. Our results highlight that taking into account the effects of microplastics at different trophic levels is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ecological impacts of microplastic pollution on soil functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunmei Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrong Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Dou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenhua Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 Interaction Soil Plant Atmosphere (ISPA), 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33882 Villenave-d'Ornon cedex, France
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25
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Do Salamanders Limit the Abundance of Groundwater Invertebrates in Subterranean Habitats? DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Several species of surface salamanders exploit underground environments; in Europe, one of the most common is the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra). In this study, we investigated if fire salamander larvae occurring in groundwater habitats can affect the abundance of some cave-adapted species. We analyzed the data of abundance of three target taxa (genera Niphargus (Amphipoda; Niphargidae), Monolistra (Isopoda; Sphaeromatidae) and Dendrocoelum (Tricladida; Dedrocoelidae)) collected in 386 surveys performed on 117 sites (pools and distinct subterranean stream sectors), within 17 natural and 24 artificial subterranean habitats, between 2012 and 2019. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the relationship between target taxa abundance, fire salamander larvae occurrence, and environmental features. The presence of salamander larvae negatively affected the abundance of all the target taxa. Monolistra abundance was positively related with the distance from the cave entrance of the sites and by their surface. Our study revealed that surface salamanders may have a negative effect on the abundance of cave-adapted animals, and highlited the importance of further investigations on the diet and on the top-down effects of salamanders on the subterranean communities.
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The Impact of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Litter Decomposition in Chinese Subtropical Forests. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated the toxic effects of fine particulates less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) on the health of humans, little information is available on the ecotoxicity of PM2.5. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII, including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) can compose more than 60% of PM2.5. To better understand the possible impacts of WSII-PM2.5 on leaf litter decomposition, we conducted an experiment in which two leaf litters from oak (Quercus variabilis) and pine (Pinus massoniana) dominant forests in subtropical China were incubated in microcosms containing their respective forest soils and treated with WSII-PM2.5. Our results showed that, after six-months of decomposition, the WSII-PM2.5 treatments inhibited leaf litter decomposition rates, carbon and nitrogen loss, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in the two forests. In addition, higher WSII-PM2.5 concentration led to stronger negative effects. Comparative analysis showed that the negative effects of WSII-PM2.5 on oak forest were greater than on pine forest, relating to the higher susceptibility to changes of soil microenvironment in oak forests. WSII-PM2.5 may influence decomposition through soil acidification and salinization, which could also cause a sub-lethal depression in soil isopod activity. However, in the first month of decomposition, mass loss of the oak and pine leaf litters under the low concentration WSII-PM2.5 were 21.63% and 35.64% higher than that under the control, respectively. This suggests that transitory low concentrations of WSII-PM2.5 have a promoting effect on decomposition. Long-term PM2.5 exposure, therefore, may have profound ecosystem consequences by altering the balance of ecosystem carbon flux, nutrient cycling, and humus formation in the future.
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Bielčik M, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Lakovic M, Jeltsch F, Rillig MC. The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:36. [PMID: 31832199 PMCID: PMC6864958 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Movement ecology aims to provide common terminology and an integrative framework of movement research across all groups of organisms. Yet such work has focused on unitary organisms so far, and thus the important group of filamentous fungi has not been considered in this context. With the exception of spore dispersal, movement in filamentous fungi has not been integrated into the movement ecology field. At the same time, the field of fungal ecology has been advancing research on topics like informed growth, mycelial translocations, or fungal highways using its own terminology and frameworks, overlooking the theoretical developments within movement ecology. We provide a conceptual and terminological framework for interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, and show how both can benefit from closer links: We show how placing the knowledge from fungal biology and ecology into the framework of movement ecology can inspire both theoretical and empirical developments, eventually leading towards a better understanding of fungal ecology and community assembly. Conversely, by a greater focus on movement specificities of filamentous fungi, movement ecology stands to benefit from the challenge to evolve its concepts and terminology towards even greater universality. We show how our concept can be applied for other modular organisms (such as clonal plants and slime molds), and how this can lead towards comparative studies with the relationship between organismal movement and ecosystems in the focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Bielčik
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milica Lakovic
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Horváthová T, Bauchinger U. Biofilm Improves Isopod Growth Independent of the Dietary Cellulose Content. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:531-543. [PMID: 31556843 DOI: 10.1086/705441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is an abundant source of carbon, accounting for more than 50% of foliage and 90% of woody tissues of plants. Despite the diversity of species that include living or dead plant tissue in their diets, the ability to digest cellulose through self-produced enzymatic machinery is considered rare in the animal kingdom. The majority of animals studied to date rely on the cellulolytic activity of symbiotic microorganisms in their digestive tract, with some evidence for a complementary action of endogenous cellulases. Terrestrial isopods have evolved a lifestyle including feeding on a lignocellulose diet. Whether isopods utilize both external and internal cellulases for digestion of a diet is still not understood. We experimentally manipulated the content of cellulose (30%, 60%, or 90%) and the amount of biofilm (small or large) in the offered food source and quantified growth and cellulolytic activity in the gut of the isopod Porcellio scaber. The presence of a visible biofilm significantly promoted isopod growth, regardless of the cellulose content in the diet. The activity of gut cellulases was not significantly affected by the amount of biofilm or the cellulose content. Our results do not support a significant contribution of either ingested or host enzymes to cellulose utilization in P. scaber. Cellulose might not represent a key nutrient for isopods and does not seem to affect the nutritional value of the diet-associated biofilm. We propose that it is the biofilm community that determines the quality of plant diet in terrestrial isopods and potentially also in other detrital plant feeders.
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Non-target Effects of Naphthalene on the Soil Microbial Biomass and Bacterial Communities in the Subalpine Forests of Western China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9811. [PMID: 31285516 PMCID: PMC6614484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Naphthalene is a biocide of soil fauna, particularly of soil arthropods, that has been widely applied to test the functional roles of soil fauna in soil processes. However, whether the use of naphthalene to expel soil fauna has a non-target effect on soil bacteria in subalpine forests remains unclear. We conducted a naphthalene treatment experiment to explore the effects of naphthalene on the soil bacterial community in subalpine forest soil. The results suggested that naphthalene treatment (at 100 g.m-2 per month) significantly increased the abundances of total bacterial, gram-positive bacterial and gram-negative bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and did not change the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) or MBC/MBN ratio. Moreover, a total of 1038 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected by Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla, and Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant genus. The naphthalene treatment did not affect soil bacterial diversity or community structure. Overall, these results demonstrated that the naphthalene treatment had non-target effects on the active bacterial community abundance but not the soil bacterial community structure. Thus, the non-target effects of naphthalene treatment should be considered before using it to expel soil fauna.
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De Long JR, Fry EL, Veen GF, Kardol P. Why are plant–soil feedbacks so unpredictable, and what to do about it? Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. De Long
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Ellen L. Fry
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - G. F. Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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31
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Walker DM, Murray CM, Talbert D, Tinker P, Graham SP, Crowther TW. A salamander's top down effect on fungal communities in a detritivore ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5104376. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Walker
- Middle Tennessee State University, Toxicology and Disease Group, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | | | - Doug Talbert
- Tennessee Technological University, Department of Computer Science, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Paul Tinker
- Tennessee Technological University, Department of Computer Science, Cookeville, TN, USA
| | - Sean P Graham
- Sul Ross University, Department of Biology, Alpine, TX, USA
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Univeritätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Asplund J, Kauserud H, Bokhorst S, Lie MH, Ohlson M, Nybakken L. Fungal communities influence decomposition rates of plant litter from two dominant tree species. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López-Mondéjar R, Brabcová V, Štursová M, Davidová A, Jansa J, Cajthaml T, Baldrian P. Decomposer food web in a deciduous forest shows high share of generalist microorganisms and importance of microbial biomass recycling. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:1768-1778. [PMID: 29491492 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils represent important terrestrial carbon (C) pools where C is primarily fixed in the plant-derived biomass but it flows further through the biomass of fungi and bacteria before it is lost from the ecosystem as CO2 or immobilized in recalcitrant organic matter. Microorganisms are the main drivers of C flow in forests and play critical roles in the C balance through the decomposition of dead biomass of different origins. Here, we track the path of C that enters forest soil by following respiration, microbial biomass production, and C accumulation by individual microbial taxa in soil microcosms upon the addition of 13C-labeled biomass of plant, fungal, and bacterial origin. We demonstrate that both fungi and bacteria are involved in the assimilation and mineralization of C from the major complex sources existing in soil. Decomposer fungi are, however, better suited to utilize plant biomass compounds, whereas the ability to utilize fungal and bacterial biomass is more frequent among bacteria. Due to the ability of microorganisms to recycle microbial biomass, we suggest that the decomposer food web in forest soil displays a network structure with loops between and within individual pools. These results question the present paradigms describing food webs as hierarchical structures with unidirectional flow of C and assumptions about the dominance of fungi in the decomposition of complex organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben López-Mondéjar
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Brabcová
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Štursová
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Davidová
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomaš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Průmyslová 595, 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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34
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Heilpern SA, Wootton JT. Process catalyzers in Amazonian rivers: large woody debris modifies ecosystem processes across freshwater habitats. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Heilpern
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago 1101 East 57th Street Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - J. Timothy Wootton
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Chicago 1101 East 57th Street Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
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35
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Medini-Bouaziz L, Naceur Fessi A, Charfi-Cheikhrouha F. Breeding patterns in the pre-desert oniscid isopod Porcellio buddelundiof Matmata (Gabès, Tunisia). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2017.1331936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Medini-Bouaziz
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, RU-11ES11 Animal Bio-Ecology and Systematic Evolutionary, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Naceur Fessi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, RU-11ES11 Animal Bio-Ecology and Systematic Evolutionary, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faouzia Charfi-Cheikhrouha
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, RU-11ES11 Animal Bio-Ecology and Systematic Evolutionary, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Laliberté E, Kardol P, Didham RK, Teste FP, Turner BL, Wardle DA. Soil fertility shapes belowground food webs across a regional climate gradient. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1273-1284. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Laliberté
- Centre sur la biodiversité Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal 4101 Sherbrooke Est Montréal QuébecH1X 2B2 Canada
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Perth WA6009 Australia
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
| | - Raphael K. Didham
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Perth WA6009 Australia
- CSIRO Land & Water Centre for Environment and Life Sciences 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat Perth WA6014 Australia
| | - François P. Teste
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Perth WA6009 Australia
- Grupo de Estudios Ambientales IMASL‐CONICET & Universidad Nacional de San Luis Av. Ejército de los Andes 950 (5700) San Luis Argentina
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama
| | - David A. Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE‐901 83 Umeå Sweden
- Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore
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Leopold DR, Wilkie JP, Dickie IA, Allen RB, Buchanan PK, Fukami T. Priority effects are interactively regulated by top‐down and bottom‐up forces: evidence from wood decomposer communities. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1054-1063. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian A. Dickie
- BioProtection Research Centre Lincoln University Lincoln7647 New Zealand
- University of Canterbury School of Biological Sciences Christchurch8140 New Zealand
| | | | | | - Tadashi Fukami
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford CA94305 USA
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O'Rorke R, Tooman L, Gaughen K, Holland BS, Amend AS. Not just browsing: an animal that grazes phyllosphere microbes facilitates community heterogeneity. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1788-1798. [PMID: 28452997 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although grazers have long been recognized as top-down architects of plant communities, animal roles in determining microbial community composition have seldom been examined, particularly in aboveground systems. To determine the extent to which an animal can shape microbial communities, we conducted a controlled mesocosm study in situ to see if introducing mycophageous tree snails changed phyllosphere fungal community composition relative to matched control mesocosms. Fungal community composition and change was determined by Illumina sequencing of DNA collected from leaf surfaces before snails were introduced, daily for 3 days and weekly for 6 weeks thereafter. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm that grazing had occurred, and we recorded 3.5 times more cover of fungal hyphae in control mesocosms compared with those containing snails. Snails do not appear to vector novel microbes and despite grazing, a significant proportion of the initial leaf phyllosphere persisted in the mesocosms. Within-mesocosm diversities of fungi were similar regardless of whether or not snails were added. The greatest differences between the snail-treated and control mesocosms was that grazed mesocosms showed greater infiltration of microbes that were not sampled when the experiment commenced and that the variance in fungal community composition (beta diversity) was greater between leaves in snail-treated mesocosms indicating increased community heterogeneity and ecosystem fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O'Rorke
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leah Tooman
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kapono Gaughen
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brenden S Holland
- Center for Conservation Research and Training, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anthony S Amend
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Soil networks become more connected and take up more carbon as nature restoration progresses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14349. [PMID: 28176768 PMCID: PMC5309817 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil organisms have an important role in aboveground community dynamics and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. However, most studies have considered soil biota as a black box or focussed on specific groups, whereas little is known about entire soil networks. Here we show that during the course of nature restoration on abandoned arable land a compositional shift in soil biota, preceded by tightening of the belowground networks, corresponds with enhanced efficiency of carbon uptake. In mid- and long-term abandoned field soil, carbon uptake by fungi increases without an increase in fungal biomass or shift in bacterial-to-fungal ratio. The implication of our findings is that during nature restoration the efficiency of nutrient cycling and carbon uptake can increase by a shift in fungal composition and/or fungal activity. Therefore, we propose that relationships between soil food web structure and carbon cycling in soils need to be reconsidered. Effects of habitat restoration on belowground organisms and ecosystem processes are poorly understood. Morriën and colleagues show that changes in the composition and network interactions of soil biota lead to improved carbon uptake efficiency when formerly cultivated land is restored.
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Kille P, Morgan AJ, Powell K, Mosselmans JFW, Hart D, Gunning P, Hayes A, Scarborough D, McDonald I, Charnock JM. 'Venus trapped, Mars transits': Cu and Fe redox chemistry, cellular topography and in situ ligand binding in terrestrial isopod hepatopancreas. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.150270. [PMID: 26935951 PMCID: PMC4821242 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Woodlice efficiently sequester copper (Cu) in ‘cuprosomes' within hepatopancreatic ‘S' cells. Binuclear ‘B’ cells in the hepatopancreas form iron (Fe) deposits; these cells apparently undergo an apocrine secretory diurnal cycle linked to nocturnal feeding. Synchrotron-based µ-focus X-ray spectroscopy undertaken on thin sections was used to characterize the ligands binding Cu and Fe in S and B cells of Oniscus asellus (Isopoda). Main findings were: (i) morphometry confirmed a diurnal B-cell apocrine cycle; (ii) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicated that Cu was co-distributed with sulfur (mainly in S cells), and Fe was co-distributed with phosphate (mainly in B cells); (iii) XRF mapping revealed an intimate morphological relationship between the basal regions of adjacent S and B cells; (iv) molecular modelling and Fourier transform analyses indicated that Cu in the reduced Cu+ state is mainly coordinated to thiol-rich ligands (Cu–S bond length 2.3 Å) in both cell types, while Fe in the oxidized Fe3+ state is predominantly oxygen coordinated (estimated Fe–O bond length of approx. 2 Å), with an outer shell of Fe scatterers at approximately 3.05 Å; and (v) no significant differences occur in Cu or Fe speciation at key nodes in the apocrine cycle. Findings imply that S and B cells form integrated unit-pairs; a functional role for secretions from these cellular units in the digestion of recalcitrant dietary components is hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - A J Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - K Powell
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - J F W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - D Hart
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - P Gunning
- Smith and Nephew, Heslington, York Science Park, York YO10 5DF, UK
| | - A Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - D Scarborough
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - I McDonald
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - J M Charnock
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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41
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Baldrian P. Forest microbiome: diversity, complexity and dynamics. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 41:109-130. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Isopod grazing induces down-regulation of Aspergillus nidulans anti-fungivore defence marker genes. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sterkenburg E, Bahr A, Brandström Durling M, Clemmensen KE, Lindahl BD. Changes in fungal communities along a boreal forest soil fertility gradient. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:1145-58. [PMID: 25952659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests harbour diverse fungal communities with decisive roles in decomposition and plant nutrition. Although changes in boreal plant communities along gradients in soil acidity and nitrogen (N) availability are well described, less is known about how fungal taxonomic and functional groups respond to soil fertility factors. We analysed fungal communities in humus and litter from 25 Swedish old-growth forests, ranging from N-rich Picea abies stands to acidic and N-poor Pinus sylvestris stands. 454-pyrosequencing of ITS2 amplicons was used to analyse community composition, and biomass was estimated by ergosterol analysis. Fungal community composition was significantly related to soil fertility at the levels of species, genera/orders and functional groups. Ascomycetes dominated in less fertile forests, whereas basidiomycetes increased in abundance in more fertile forests, both in litter and humus. The relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the humus layer remained high even in the most fertile soils. Tolerance to acidity and nitrogen deficiency seems to be of greater importance than plant carbon (C) allocation patterns in determining responses of fungal communities to soil fertility, in old-growth boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sterkenburg
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Adam Bahr
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Karina E Clemmensen
- Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
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Higher Trophic Levels Overwhelm Climate Change Impacts on Terrestrial Ecosystem Functioning. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136344. [PMID: 26292214 PMCID: PMC4546271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest floor food webs play pivotal roles in carbon cycling, but they are rarely considered in models of carbon fluxes, including soil carbon dioxide emissions (respiration), under climatic warming. The indirect effects of invertebrates on heterotrophic (microbial and invertebrate) respiration through interactions with microbial communities are significant and will be altered by warming. However, the interactive effects of invertebrates and warming on heterotrophic respiration in the field are poorly understood. In this study we combined field and common garden laboratory approaches to examine relationships between warming, forest floor food web structure, and heterotrophic respiration. We found that soil animals can overwhelm the effects of warming (to 5 degrees Celsius above ambient) on heterotrophic respiration. In particular, the presence of higher trophic levels and burrowing detritivores strongly determined heterotrophic respiration rates in temperate forest soils. These effects were, however, context-dependent, with greater effects in a lower-latitude site. Without isolating and including the significant impact of invertebrates, climate models will be incomplete, hindering well-informed policy decisions.
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46
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Hornung E, Szlavecz K, Dombos M. Demography of some non-native isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) in a Mid-Atlantic forest, USA. Zookeys 2015; 515:127-43. [PMID: 26261445 PMCID: PMC4525040 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.515.9403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduced species dominate the terrestrial isopod fauna in most inland habitats of North America, including urban landscapes. These non-native species are often very abundant and thus potentially play a significant role in detritus processing. We monitored isopod assemblages in an urban forest for a year to examine the relationship between surface activity and abiotic environmental factors, and to analyze reproductive characteristics that might contribute to their successful establishment. Using pitfall trap samples we recorded five species, two of which, Trachelipusrathkii and Cylisticusconvexus, were highly abundant. We determined size, sex and reproductive state of each individual. Surface activity of both species reflected variability in abiotic stress factors for isopods, such as soil moisture and soil temperature. Early spring the main trigger was soil temperature while later in the season increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture jointly affected population dynamics. Activity significantly correlated with soil moisture. The temporal pattern of sex ratios supported the secondary sex ratio hypothesis. Males dominated the samples on the onset of the mating season in search of females. The pattern was reversed as females searched for suitable microsites for their offspring. Size independent fecundity decreased as conditions became more stressful late in the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hornung
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O.Box 2, Hungary
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218-2681, USA
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218-2681, USA
| | - Miklós Dombos
- Research Institute for Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of HAS, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 102, Hungary
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Crowther TW, Thomas SM, Maynard DS, Baldrian P, Covey K, Frey SD, van Diepen LTA, Bradford MA. Biotic interactions mediate soil microbial feedbacks to climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7033-8. [PMID: 26038557 PMCID: PMC4460469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502956112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of organic material by soil microbes generates an annual global release of 50-75 Pg carbon to the atmosphere, ∼7.5-9 times that of anthropogenic emissions worldwide. This process is sensitive to global change factors, which can drive carbon cycle-climate feedbacks with the potential to enhance atmospheric warming. Although the effects of interacting global change factors on soil microbial activity have been a widespread ecological focus, the regulatory effects of interspecific interactions are rarely considered in climate feedback studies. We explore the potential of soil animals to mediate microbial responses to warming and nitrogen enrichment within a long-term, field-based global change study. The combination of global change factors alleviated the bottom-up limitations on fungal growth, stimulating enzyme production and decomposition rates in the absence of soil animals. However, increased fungal biomass also stimulated consumption rates by soil invertebrates, restoring microbial process rates to levels observed under ambient conditions. Our results support the contemporary theory that top-down control in soil food webs is apparent only in the absence of bottom-up limitation. As such, when global change factors alleviate the bottom-up limitations on microbial activity, top-down control becomes an increasingly important regulatory force with the capacity to dampen the strength of positive carbon cycle-climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Crowther
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511;
| | - Stephen M Thomas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristofer Covey
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Serita D Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Linda T A van Diepen
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Mark A Bradford
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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48
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Ulyshen MD. Wood decomposition as influenced by invertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 91:70-85. [PMID: 25424353 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and habitat requirements of invertebrates associated with dead wood have been the subjects of hundreds of studies in recent years but we still know very little about the ecological or economic importance of these organisms. The purpose of this review is to examine whether, how and to what extent invertebrates affect wood decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Three broad conclusions can be reached from the available literature. First, wood decomposition is largely driven by microbial activity but invertebrates also play a significant role in both temperate and tropical environments. Primary mechanisms include enzymatic digestion (involving both endogenous enzymes and those produced by endo- and ectosymbionts), substrate alteration (tunnelling and fragmentation), biotic interactions and nitrogen fertilization (i.e. promoting nitrogen fixation by endosymbiotic and free-living bacteria). Second, the effects of individual invertebrate taxa or functional groups can be accelerative or inhibitory but the cumulative effect of the entire community is generally to accelerate wood decomposition, at least during the early stages of the process (most studies are limited to the first 2-3 years). Although methodological differences and design limitations preclude meta-analysis, studies aimed at quantifying the contributions of invertebrates to wood decomposition commonly attribute 10-20% of wood loss to these organisms. Finally, some taxa appear to be particularly influential with respect to promoting wood decomposition. These include large wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera) and termites (Termitoidae), especially fungus-farming macrotermitines. The presence or absence of these species may be more consequential than species richness and the influence of invertebrates is likely to vary biogeographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A
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49
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Crowther TW, Maynard DS, Crowther TR, Peccia J, Smith JR, Bradford MA. Untangling the fungal niche: the trait-based approach. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:579. [PMID: 25400630 PMCID: PMC4215788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are prominent components of most terrestrial ecosystems, both in terms of biomass and ecosystem functioning, but the hyper-diverse nature of most communities has obscured the search for unifying principles governing community organization. In particular, unlike plants and animals, observational studies provide little evidence for the existence of niche processes in structuring fungal communities at broad spatial scales. This limits our capacity to predict how communities, and their functioning, vary across landscapes. We outline how a shift in focus, from taxonomy toward functional traits, might prove to be valuable in the search for general patterns in fungal ecology. We build on theoretical advances in plant and animal ecology to provide an empirical framework for a trait-based approach in fungal community ecology. Drawing upon specific characteristics of the fungal system, we highlight the significance of drought stress and combat in structuring free-living fungal communities. We propose a conceptual model to formalize how trade-offs between stress-tolerance and combative dominance are likely to organize communities across environmental gradients. Given that the survival of a fungus in a given environment is contingent on its ability to tolerate antagonistic competitors, measuring variation in combat trait expression along environmental gradients provides a means of elucidating realized, from fundamental niche spaces. We conclude that, using a trait-based understanding of how niche processes structure fungal communities across time and space, we can ultimately link communities with ecosystem functioning. Our trait-based framework highlights fundamental uncertainties that require testing in the fungal system, given their potential to uncover general mechanisms in fungal ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Crowther
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S. Maynard
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Smith
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark A. Bradford
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
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50
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Walker DM, Lawrence BR, Esterline D, Graham SP, Edelbrock MA, Wooten JA. A metagenomics-based approach to the top-down effect on the detritivore food web: a salamanders influence on fungal communities within a deciduous forest. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4106-16. [PMID: 25505537 PMCID: PMC4242563 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The flow of energy within an ecosystem can be considered either top-down, where predators influence consumers, or bottom-up, where producers influence consumers. Plethodon cinereus (Red-backed Salamander) is a terrestrial keystone predator who feeds on invertebrates within the ecosystem. We investigated the impact of the removal of P. cinereus on the detritivore food web in an upland deciduous forest in northwest Ohio, U.S.A. A total of eight aluminum enclosures, each containing a single P. cinereus under a small log, were constructed in the deciduous forest. On Day 1 of the experiment, four salamanders were evicted from four of the eight enclosures. Organic matter and soil were collected from the center of each enclosure at Day 1 and Day 21. From each sample, DNA was extracted, fungal-specific amplification performed, and 454 pyrosequencing was used to sequence the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region and partial ribosomal large subunit (LSU). Changes in overall fungal community composition or species diversity were not statistically significant between treatments. Statistically significant shifts in the most abundant taxonomic groups of fungi were documented in presence but not absence enclosures. We concluded that P. cinereus does not affect the overall composition or diversity of fungal communities, but does have an impact on specific groups of fungi. This study used a metagenomics-based approach to investigate a missing link among a keystone predator, P. cinereus, invertebrates, and fungal communities, all of which are critical in the detritivore food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Walker
- Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay Findlay, Ohio, 45840
| | | | - Dakota Esterline
- Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay Findlay, Ohio, 45840
| | - Sean P Graham
- The Department of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, Sul Ross State University Alpine, Texas, 79832
| | - Michael A Edelbrock
- Department of Natural Sciences, The University of Findlay Findlay, Ohio, 45840
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