1
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Pérez-López AV, Lim SD, Cushman JC. Tissue succulence in plants: Carrying water for climate change. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 289:154081. [PMID: 37703768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue succulence in plants involves the storage of water in one or more organs or tissues to assist in maintaining water potentials on daily or seasonal time scales. This drought-avoidance or drought-resistance strategy allows plants to occupy diverse environments including arid regions, regions with rocky soils, epiphytic habitats, and saline soils. Climate-resilient strategies are of increasing interest in the context of the global climate crisis, which is leading to hotter and drier conditions in many regions throughout the globe. Here, we describe a short history of succulent plants, the basic concepts of tissue succulence, the anatomical diversity of succulent morphologies and associated adaptive traits, the evolutionary, phylogenetic, and biogeographical diversity of succulent plants, extinction risks to succulents due to poaching from their natural environments, and the myriad uses and applications of economically important succulent species and the products derived from them. Lastly, we discuss current prospects for engineering tissue succulence to improve salinity and drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely V Pérez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA.
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Department of Plant Life and Resource Science, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, 26339, South Korea.
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA.
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2
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Côte J, Poulet N, Blanc L, Grenouillet G. Disentangling the effects of different human disturbances on multifaceted biodiversity indices in freshwater fish. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2845. [PMID: 36922403 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the effects of anthropogenic pressures on several biodiversity metrics can inform the management and monitoring of biodiversity loss. However, the type of disturbances can lead to different responses in different metrics. In this study, we aimed at disentangling the effects of different types of anthropogenic disturbances on freshwater fish communities. We calculated diversity indices for 1109 stream fish communities across France by computing richness and evenness components for ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic diversity, and used null models to estimate standardized effect sizes. We used generalized linear mixed models to assess the relative effects of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in driving those diversity indices. Our results demonstrated that all diversity indices exhibited significant responses to both climatic conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. While we observed a decrease of ecological and phylogenetic richness with the intensity of disturbance, a weak increase in morphological richness and evenness was apparent. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of disentangling various types of disturbances when assessing human-induced ecological impacts and highlighted that different facets of diversity are not impacted identically by anthropogenic disturbances in stream fish communities. This calls for further work seeking to integrate biodiversity responses to human disturbances into a multifaceted framework, and could have beneficial implications when planning conservation action in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Côte
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Poulet
- Pôle Ecohydraulique, Office Français de La Biodiversité, Institut des Mécaniques des Fluides, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Blanc
- Office français de la biodiversité, Direction régionale Occitanie, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaël Grenouillet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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3
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Rocha-Santos L, Faria D, Mariano-Neto E, Andrade E, Bomfim J, Talora D, Pessoa M, Cazetta E. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional responses of plant communities in different life-stages to forest cover loss. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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4
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Silva AC, Souza AF. Spatial structure of the Caatinga woody flora: abundance patterns have environmental, Pleistocene, and indigenous drivers. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211019. [PMID: 36477232 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing knowledge on the distribution and functioning of dryland vegetation types, their internal biodiversity structure (i.e., subregions) is much less studied. In the delineation of subregions, the use of species occurrence or abundance data may reveal different aspects of metacommunity structure. We revisit the issue of the bioregionalization of the woody flora of the Caatinga, the largest block of the dry forest and woodland biome in Latin America, using abundance data. We also evaluated the drivers of the spatial distribution of plant subregions: historical, current environmental and human effects. Using a K-means partition on interpolated NMDS axes, we identified 10 abundance subregions. Aridity, topography and soil, biome stability since the Pleistocene, and historical indigenous effects were retained by a Multinomial Logistic regression model, and their combined fractions explained most of the abundance variability in subregions. The subregions we present may support spatialized conservation and management decisions in the lack of detailed local data. The present results confirm the Caatinga woody flora broad composition patterns uncovered using presence-absence data in previous studies. Additionally, we found larger subregions than those identified with presence and absence data, suggesting the existence of oligarchies of dominant species in distinct parts of the Caatinga biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia, CB, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Caixa Postal 1524, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, CB, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Caixa Postal 1524, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
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5
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Oliveira W, Cruz‐Neto O, Silva JLS, Tabarelli M, Lopes AV. Aridity mediates the effect of wood extraction on the reproductive output of an endemic disturbance‐adapted woody species (
Cenostigma microphyllum
, Leguminosae) in the Caatinga dry forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willams Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Cruz‐Neto
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
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6
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Mota NM, Gastauer M, Carrión JF, Meira-Neto JAA. Roads as conduits of functional and phylogenetic degradation in Caatinga. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Araújo FMS, Costa LEN, Souza JPS, Batista WVSM, Silva MPP. Altitudinal gradient drives regional and local diversity and composition patterns of epiphyllous bryophytes in ecological refuges. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:292-301. [PMID: 34806266 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
'Brejos de altitude' is an ecosystem that has been subjected to severe exploitation, leading to an intense reduction in Brazil. Understanding the patterns of bryophyte diversity and composition, particularly of specialized species such as the epiphylls, to anthropic and abiotic variables is crucial for implementing protection measures. We investigated the relationship between composition and diversity of epiphyllous bryophytes and anthropic (edge effects) and abiotic (altitude) variables at local (within each 'Brejo') and regional (set of three 'Brejos') scale. Abiotic and anthropic variables were correlated with alpha and beta diversity (decomposed into species replacement and richness differences) using GLM. Their effects on species composition were evaluated using PERMANOVA. The localities at higher elevations harboured a richer bryoflora and overall beta diversity patterns were associated with altitude and locality, which acted over different scales. Regionally, the contribution of richness differences was limited with increasing altitude. Yet, dissimilarities among localities were associated with richness differences and replacement, denoting the importance of local factors. The composition was explained by local factors interacting with the regional altitudinal gradient. Anthropic activity was significant only when interacting with local factors and altitudinal gradient. Environmental filtering associated with altitude played a more important role in shaping the diversity and composition of epiphyllous bryophytes, at both regional and local scales. Each 'Brejo' acts as an ecological refuge, harbouring part of the whole environmental gradient, and presents a unique floristic composition. Moreover, partitioning beta diversity highlighted the interplay of local and regional forces shaping diversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M S Araújo
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - L E N Costa
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J P S Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - W V S M Batista
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M P P Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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8
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Meramo K, Ovaskainen O, Bernard E, Silva CR, Laine VN, Lilley TM. Contrasting Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Disturbance on Activity and Species Richness of Insectivorous Bats in Neotropical Dry Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.822415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For prioritizing conservation actions, it is vital to understand how ecologically diverse species respond to environmental change caused by human activity. This is particularly necessary considering that chronic human disturbance is a threat to biodiversity worldwide. Depending on how species tolerate and adapt to such disturbance, ecological integrity and ecosystem services will be more or less affected. Bats are a species-rich and functionally diverse group, with important roles in ecosystems, and are therefore recognized as a good model group for assessing the impact of environmental change. Their populations have decreased in several regions, especially in the tropics, and are threatened by increasing human disturbance. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we assessed how the species-rich aerial insectivorous bats—essential for insect suppression services—respond to chronic human disturbance in the Caatinga dry forests of Brazil, an area potentially harboring ca. 100 bat species (nearly 50% are insectivorous), but with > 60% its area composed of anthropogenic ecosystems under chronic pressure. Acoustic data for bat activity was collected at research sites with varying amounts of chronic human disturbance (e.g., livestock grazing and firewood gathering). The intensity of the disturbance is indicated by the global multi-metric CAD index (GMDI). Using Animal Sound Identifier (ASI) software, we identified 18 different bat taxon units. Using Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC), we found trends in the association of the disturbance gradient with species richness and bat activity: species richness was higher at sites with higher human disturbance, whereas bat activity decreased with increasing human disturbance. Additionally, we observed taxon-specific responses to human disturbance. We conclude that the effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on the insectivorous bat fauna in the Caatinga are not homogeneous and a species-specific approach is necessary when assessing the responses of local bats to human disturbances in tropical dry forests, and in other biomes under human pressure.
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9
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Vieira LA, Tabarelli M, Souza G, Queiroz RT, Santos BA. Divergent herb communities in drier and chronically disturbed areas of the Brazilian Caatinga. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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10
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Arnan X, Silva CHF, Reis DQA, Oliveira FMP, Câmara T, Ribeiro EMS, Andersen AN, Leal IR. Individual and interactive effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition and diversity of extrafloral nectary-bearing plants in Brazilian Caatinga. Oecologia 2021; 198:267-277. [PMID: 34767071 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and climate change represent two of the major threats to biodiversity globally, but their combined effects are not well understood. Here we investigate the individual and interactive effects of increasing CAD and decreasing rainfall on the composition and taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants possessing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga. EFNs attract ants that protect plants against insect herbivore attack and are extremely prevalent in the Caatinga flora. EFN-bearing plants were censused along gradients of disturbance and rainfall in Catimbau National Park in north-eastern Brazil. We recorded a total of 2243 individuals belonging to 21 species. Taxonomic and functional composition varied along the rainfall gradient, but not along the disturbance gradient. There was a significant interaction between increasing disturbance and decreasing rainfall, with CAD leading to decreased TD, FD and PD in the most arid areas, and to increased TD, FD and PD in the wettest areas. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in the EFN traits we analysed, which explains the strong matching between patterns of FD and PD along the environmental gradients. The interactive effects of disturbance and rainfall revealed by our study indicate that the decreased rainfall forecast for Caatinga under climate change will increase the sensitivity of EFN-bearing plants to anthropogenic disturbance. This has important implications for the availability of a key food resource, which would likely have cascading effects on higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arnan
- Universidade de Pernambuco - Campus Garanhuns, Rua Capitão Pedro Rodrigues 105, Garanhuns, PE, 55290-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos H F Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela Q A Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M P Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Talita Câmara
- Universidade de Pernambuco - Campus Garanhuns, Rua Capitão Pedro Rodrigues 105, Garanhuns, PE, 55290-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Elâine M S Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.,Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco-Campus Petrolina, BR 203, km 2, s/n, Vila Eduardo, Petrolina, PE, 56328-903, Brazil
| | - Alan N Andersen
- Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Inara R Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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11
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Medeiros APM, Ferreira BP, Alvarado F, Betancur-R R, Soares MO, Santos BA. Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow-water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4413-4427. [PMID: 33976819 PMCID: PMC8093723 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep reef refugia hypothesis (DRRH) predicts that deep reef ecosystems may act as refugium for the biota of disturbed shallow waters. Because deep reefs are among the most understudied habitats on Earth, formal tests of the DRRH remain scarce. If the DRRH is valid at the community level, the diversity of species, functions, and lineages of fish communities of shallow reefs should be encapsulated in deep reefs.We tested the DRRH by assessing the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of 22 Brazilian fish communities between 2 and 62 m depth. We partitioned the gamma diversity of shallow (<30 m) and deep reefs (>30 m) into independent alpha and beta components, accounted for species' abundance, and assessed whether beta patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover or nestedness.We recorded 3,821 fishes belonging to 85 species and 36 families. Contrary to DRRH expectations, only 48% of the species occurred in both shallow and deep reefs. Alpha diversity of rare species was higher in deep reefs as expected, but alpha diversity of typical and dominant species did not vary with depth. Alpha functional diversity was higher in deep reefs only for rare and typical species, but not for dominant species. Alpha phylogenetic diversity was consistently higher in deep reefs, supporting DRRH expectations.Profiles of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity indicated that deep reefs were not more heterogeneous than shallow reefs, contradicting expectations of biotic homogenization near sea surface. Furthermore, pairwise beta-diversity analyses revealed that the patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover rather than nestedness at any depth. Conclusions. Although some results support the DRRH, most indicate that the shallow-water reef fish diversity is not fully encapsulated in deep reefs. Every reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and must be managed and protected accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P M Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Beatrice P Ferreira
- Departamento de Oceanografia Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Fredy Alvarado
- Departamento de Agricultura Centro de Ciências Humanas Sociais e Agrárias Universidade Federal da Paraíba Bananeiras PB Brazil
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology The University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Marcelo O Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR Universidade Federal do Ceará Meireles Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA) Università del Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Bráulio A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil
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12
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Nascimento ELDL, Maia LC, Cáceres MEDS, Lücking R. Phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities in Amazonian and Northeast Brazil. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonor Costa Maia
- Center of Biosciences, Department of Mycology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Robert Lücking
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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13
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Filgueiras BKC, Peres CA, Melo FPL, Leal IR, Tabarelli M. Winner-Loser Species Replacements in Human-Modified Landscapes. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:545-555. [PMID: 33685660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Community assembly arguably drives the provision of ecosystem services because they critically depend on which and how species coexist. We examine conspicuous cases of 'winner and loser' replacements (WLRs) in tropical forests to provide a framework integrating drivers, impacts on ecological organization, and reconfiguration of ecosystem service provisioning. Most WLRs involve native species and result from changes in resource availability rather than from altered competition among species. In this context, species dispersal is a powerful force controlling community (re)assembly. Furthermore, replacements imply a nearly complete functional reorganization of assemblages and new 'packages' of ecosystem services and disservices provided by winners. WLRs can thus elucidate the multiple transitions experienced by tropical forests, and have theoretical/applied implications, including the role that human-modified landscapes may play in global-scale sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K C Filgueiras
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Felipe P L Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Inara R Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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14
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Calbi M, Fajardo‐Gutiérrez F, Posada JM, Lücking R, Brokamp G, Borsch T. Seeing the wood despite the trees: Exploring human disturbance impact on plant diversity, community structure, and standing biomass in fragmented high Andean forests. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2110-2172. [PMID: 33717446 PMCID: PMC7920791 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High Andean forests harbor a remarkably high biodiversity and play a key role in providing vital ecosystem services for neighboring cities and settlements. However, they are among the most fragmented and threatened ecosystems in the neotropics. To preserve their unique biodiversity, a deeper understanding of the effects of anthropogenic perturbations on them is urgently needed. Here, we characterized the plant communities of high Andean forest remnants in the hinterland of Bogotá in 32 0.04 ha plots. We assessed the woody vegetation and sampled the understory and epiphytic cover. We gathered data on compositional and structural parameters and compiled a broad array of variables related to anthropogenic disturbance, ranging from local to landscape-wide metrics. We also assessed phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. We employed nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to select meaningful variables in a first step of the analysis. Then, we performed partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) and generalized linear models (GLMs) in order to test how selected environmental and anthropogenic variables are affecting the composition, diversity, and aboveground biomass of these forests. Identified woody vegetation and understory layer communities were characterized by differences in elevation, temperature, and relative humidity, but were also related to different levels of human influence. We found that the increase of human-related disturbance resulted in less phylogenetic diversity and in the phylogenetic clustering of the woody vegetation and in lower aboveground biomass (AGB) values. As to the understory, disturbance was associated with a higher diversity, jointly with a higher phylogenetic dispersion. The most relevant disturbance predictors identified here were as follows: edge effect, proximity of cattle, minimum fragment age, and median patch size. Interestingly, AGB was efficiently predicted by the proportion of late successional species. We therefore recommend the use of AGB and abundance of late successional species as indicators of human disturbance on high Andean forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariasole Calbi
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum BerlinFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institut für Biologie – Systematische Botanik und PflanzengeographieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Juan Manuel Posada
- Biology DepartmentFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversidad del RosarioBogotáColombia
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum BerlinFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Grischa Brokamp
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum BerlinFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Borsch
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum BerlinFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institut für Biologie – Systematische Botanik und PflanzengeographieFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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15
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The role of edaphic factors on plant species richness and diversity along altitudinal gradients in the Brazilian semi-arid region. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUnlike well-known global patterns of plant species richness along altitudinal gradients, in the mountainous areas of the Brazilian Caatinga, species richness and diversity reach their maxima near mountain tops. The causes of this unusual pattern are not well understood, and in particular the role of edaphic factors on plant community assembly along these gradients has not been investigated. Our goal was to assess the role of edaphic factors (fertility and soil texture) on plant community composition and structure on two mountains of the Brazilian semi-arid region. In 71 plots (Bodocongó site, twenty-one 200-m2 plots, 401–680 m asl; Arara site, fifty 100-m2 plots, 487–660 m asl) we recorded 3114 individuals representing 61 plant species; in addition, at each plot we collected composite soil samples from 0–20 cm depth. Significant altitude-related changes were observed both for community structure and composition, and edaphic variables. A canonical correspondence analysis allowed the distinction of two groups of plots according to species abundances, indicating a preferential habitat distribution of species depending both on altitude and soil variables. Although soil fertility was lowest at the highest altitudes, these areas had high richness and diversity. Conversely, the more fertile foothills were characterized by the dominance of generalist pioneer species. Despite the relatively short altitudinal range that characterizes the studied mountains, this study elucidates the role of edaphic factors on the floristic composition and species richness patterns on the mountains of the Brazilian semi-arid region.
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16
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Impacts of the remnant sizes, forest types, and landscape patterns of surrounding areas on woody plant diversity of urban remnant forest patches. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Antongiovanni M, Venticinque EM, Matsumoto M, Fonseca CR. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance on Caatinga dry forest fragments. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Antongiovanni
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal RN Brazil
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18
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The palmSyagrus coronataproliferates and structures vascular epiphyte assemblages in a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe proliferation of disturbance-adapted species in human-modified landscapes may change the structure of plant communities, but the response of biodiversity to human disturbances remains poorly understood. We examine the proliferation of the palm,Syagrus coronata, in disturbed forest stands and its impacts on the structure of vascular epiphyte assemblages in a human-modified landscape of Brazilian Caatinga dry forest. First, we comparedS. coronatadensity between old-growth and regenerating forest stands. We then surveyed vascular epiphytes on 680 phorophytes (S. coronataand non-palm/control species) across five habitat types with different disturbance levels. There was an eight-fold increase inS. coronatadensity in regenerating areas compared with in old-growth forest.Syagrus coronotasupported richer epiphyte assemblages at local (i.e. per palm) and landscape (i.e. pooling all palms) scale than control phorophytes, supporting more than 11 times the number of species of control phorophytes at both scales. Epiphyte assemblages were more abundant, species-rich and dominated by abiotically dispersed species in forest sites with intermediate disturbance levels (regenerating forest stands). More than simply operating as an exclusive phorophyte for more than 90% of the epiphyte species we recorded here,S. coronatafavours epiphyte persistence and structures their assemblages across human-modified landscapes of the Caatinga forest.
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19
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Peña R, Schleuning M, Donoso I, Rodríguez‐Pérez J, Dalerum F, García D. Biodiversity components mediate the response to forest loss and the effect on ecological processes of plant–frugivore assemblages. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Peña
- Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC‐Uo‐PA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Isabel Donoso
- Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC‐Uo‐PA) Oviedo Spain
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberganlage 25 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Javier Rodríguez‐Pérez
- Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC‐Uo‐PA) Oviedo Spain
- Department of Mathematics and its Applications Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour Pau France
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC‐Uo‐PA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Daniel García
- Depto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC‐Uo‐PA) Oviedo Spain
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20
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Pereira MPS, Mendes KR, Justino F, Couto F, da Silva AS, da Silva DF, Malhado ACM. Brazilian Dry Forest (Caatinga) Response To Multiple ENSO: the role of Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135717. [PMID: 31838428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) experiences severe droughts during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years, with major impacts on the dynamics of the native vegetation (Caatinga). However, the effect of these droughts on carbon cycling is not well understood. Here, a numerical model is used to investigate the influence of variations in Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST) on drought and carbon dynamics of the Caatinga during past ENSO events. We demonstrate that precipitation reductions in the Caatinga have a strong influence on vegetation dynamics, with net primary production (NPP) remaining low throughout the droughts. Furthermore, the Caatinga acts as a carbon sink, even in years of severe drought. However, net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is lower in years of low NPP rates, resulting in long periods with limited ecosystem activity. The SST patterns indicate that extreme vegetation changes in the Caatinga are associated with the combination of ENSO events and North Atlantic SST warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paulo Santos Pereira
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Keila Rego Mendes
- Climate Sciences Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59078-970 Lagoa Nova, Natal, Brazil
| | - Flavio Justino
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Couto
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758 - Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Water Resources Superintendence, Secretariat of State for the Environment and Water Resources of Alagoas (SEMARH-AL), Rodovia AL 101 Norte, KM 05, s/n., Jacarecica, 57038-000, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Alex Santos da Silva
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Engineering and Geosciences/Earth Science Program, Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Vera Paz St., s/n, 68035-110 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Djane Fonseca da Silva
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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21
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Silva JLS, Cruz-Neto O, Rito KF, Arnan X, Leal IR, Peres CA, Tabarelli M, Valentina Lopes A. Divergent responses of plant reproductive strategies to chronic anthropogenic disturbance and aridity in the Caatinga dry forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135240. [PMID: 31812426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance and climate change are major threats to biodiversity persistence and functioning of many tropical ecosystems. Although increases in the intensity of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change are associated with reduced taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversities of several organisms, little is known about how such pressures interfere with the distribution of plant reproductive traits in seasonally dry tropical forests. Here we test the hypothesis that individual and combined effects of increasing chronic anthropogenic disturbance and water deficit negatively affect the richness, abundance and diversity of specialized reproductive strategies of native woody plants in the Caatinga dry forest. This study was carried out at the Catimbau National Park, northeastern Brazil (62,294 ha). Chronic anthropogenic disturbance intensity was measured through different sources of disturbance (cattle/goat herbivory, wood extraction, and other people pressures). Water deficit data was obtained from hydrological maps and used as a proxy of aridity. We constructed generalized linear models and selected best-supported models for richness, abundance and functional diversity of reproductive traits. We documented that richness and abundance of plants with certain reproductive traits, regardless the specialization, can increase (in 18 out of the 49 trait categories analyzed; e.g. obligatory cross-pollination in response to increases in aridity and wood extraction), be impaired (in 20 categories; e.g. pollination by Sphingids/beetles with increase in aridity), or remain unchanged (in 21 categories; e.g. pollination by vertebrates with increases in chronic anthropogenic disturbance and aridity) with higher disturbance and aridity. There were combined effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and aridity on the richness of plants in nine traits (e.g. pollen flowers; dioecious and self-incompatible plants). Aridity affected 40% of the reproductive traits, while chronic anthropogenic disturbance affected 35.5%. The functional diversity of reproductive traits was affected only by disturbance. Changes in plant community structure promoted by chronic anthropogenic disturbance and aridity will likely threaten plant-animal interactions, thereby compromising the functioning of communities and the persistence of biodiversity in the Caatinga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Luiza S Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Cruz-Neto
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kátia F Rito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma de Mexico, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Xavier Arnan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Inara R Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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22
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23
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Lira AFDA, Badillo-Montaño R, Lira-Noriega A, de Albuquerque CMR. Potential distribution patterns of scorpions in north-eastern Brazil under scenarios of future climate change. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe de Araujo Lira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE); Rua Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Cidade Universitária Recife CEP 50670-420 Brazil
| | - Raúl Badillo-Montaño
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados; Instituto de Ecología A.C.; Xalapa México
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados; Instituto de Ecología A.C.; Xalapa México
| | - Cleide Maria Ribeiro de Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal; Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE); Rua Prof. Moraes Rego S/N, Cidade Universitária Recife CEP 50670-420 Brazil
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24
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Zorger BB, Tabarelli M, Queiroz RT, Rosado BHP, Pinho BX. Functional organization of woody plant assemblages along precipitation and human disturbance gradients in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca B. Zorger
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Rubens T. Queiroz
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil
| | - Bruno H. P. Rosado
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bruno X. Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
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25
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Pinho BX, Tabarelli M, Engelbrecht BM, Sfair J, Melo FP. Plant functional assembly is mediated by rainfall and soil conditions in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Basic Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Graham SI, Kinnaird MF, O'Brien TG, Vågen TG, Winowiecki LA, Young TP, Young HS. Effects of land-use change on community diversity and composition are highly variable among functional groups. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01973. [PMID: 31306541 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand how the effects of land-use change vary among taxa and environmental contexts, we investigate how three types of land-use change have influenced phylogenetic diversity (PD) and species composition of three functionally distinct communities: plants, small mammals, and large mammals. We found large mammal communities were by far the most heavily impacted by land-use change, with areas of attempted large wildlife exclusion and intense livestock grazing, respectively, containing 164 and 165 million fewer years of evolutionary history than conserved areas (~40% declines). The effects of land-use change on PD varied substantially across taxa, type of land-use change, and, for most groups, also across abiotic conditions. This highlights the need for taxa-specific or multi-taxa evaluations, for managers interested in conserving specific groups or whole communities, respectively. It also suggests that efforts to conserve and restore PD may be most successful if they focus on areas of particular land-use types and abiotic conditions. Importantly, we also describe the substantial species turnover and compositional changes that cannot be detected by alpha diversity metrics, emphasizing that neither PD nor other taxonomic diversity metrics are sufficient proxies for ecological integrity. Finally, our results provide further support for the emerging consensus that conserved landscapes are critical to support intact assemblages of some lineages such as large mammals, but that mosaics of disturbed land-uses, including both agricultural and pastoral land, do provide important habitats for a diverse array of plants and small mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart I Graham
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Margaret F Kinnaird
- World Wide Fund for Nature International, P.O. Box 62440-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy G O'Brien
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, 10460, USA
| | - Tor-G Vågen
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Truman P Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Hillary S Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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27
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Amaral YT, Santos EMD, Ribeiro MC, Barreto L. Landscape structural analysis of the Lençóis Maranhenses national park: implications for conservation. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Siqueira FFS, Ribeiro-Neto JD, Tabarelli M, Andersen AN, Wirth R, Leal IR. Human disturbance promotes herbivory by leaf-cutting ants in the Caatinga dry forest. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe F. S. Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n°, Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - José Domingos Ribeiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n°, Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
- Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais; Centro de Ciências Agrárias; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Rodovia PB-079 Areia PB 58397-000 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n°, Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Alan N. Andersen
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT 0909 Australia
| | - Rainer Wirth
- Plant Ecology and Systematics; University of Kaiserslautern; PO Box 3049 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n°, Cidade Universitária Recife PE 50670-901 Brazil
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29
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Arnan X, Arcoverde GB, Pie MR, Ribeiro-Neto JD, Leal IR. Increased anthropogenic disturbance and aridity reduce phylogenetic and functional diversity of ant communities in Caatinga dry forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:429-438. [PMID: 29529431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance and climate change are major threats to biodiversity. The Brazilian Caatinga is the world's largest and most diverse type of seasonally dry tropical forest. It is also one of the most threatened, but remains poorly studied. Here, we analyzed the individual and combined effects of anthropogenic disturbance (three types: livestock grazing, wood extraction, and miscellaneous use of forest resources) and increasing aridity on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional ant diversity in the Caatinga. We found no aridity and disturbance effects on taxonomic diversity. In spite of this, functional diversity, and to a lesser extent phylogenetic diversity, decreased with increased levels of disturbance and aridity. These effects depended on disturbance type: livestock grazing and miscellaneous resource use, but not wood extraction, deterministically filtered both components of diversity. Interestingly, disturbance and aridity interacted to shape biodiversity responses. While aridity sometimes intensified the negative effects of disturbance, the greatest declines in biodiversity were in the wettest areas. Our results imply that anthropogenic disturbance and aridity interact in complex ways to endanger biodiversity in seasonally dry tropical forests. Given global climate change, neotropical semi-arid areas are habitats of concern, and our findings suggest Caatinga conservation policies must prioritize protection of the wettest areas, where biodiversity loss stands to be the greatest. Given the major ecological relevance of ants, declines in both ant phylogenetic and functional diversity might have downstream effects on ecosystem processes, insect populations, and plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arnan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/no, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, ES-08193, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Gabriela B Arcoverde
- Research School of Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - José D Ribeiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/no, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil; Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rodovia PB-079, 58397-000 Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Inara R Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/no, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
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30
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Martínez-Blancas A, Paz H, Salazar GA, Martorell C. Related plant species respond similarly to chronic anthropogenic disturbance: Implications for conservation decision-making. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martínez-Blancas
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán CdMx Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán CdMx Mexico
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Gerardo A. Salazar
- Departamento de Botánica; Instituto de Biología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico; Coyoacán CdMx Mexico
| | - Carlos Martorell
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán CdMx Mexico
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31
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Silva AC, Souza AF. Aridity drives plant biogeographical sub regions in the Caatinga, the largest tropical dry forest and woodland block in South America. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196130. [PMID: 29702668 PMCID: PMC5922524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to quantify and map the plant sub regions of the the Caatinga, that covers 844,453 km2 and is the largest block of seasonally dry forest in South America. We performed spatial analyses of the largest dataset of woody plant distributions in this region assembled to date (of 2,666 shrub and tree species; 260 localities), compared these distributions with the current phytogeographic regionalizations, and investigated the potential environmental drivers of the floristic patterns in these sub regions. Phytogeographical regions were identified using quantitative analyses of species turnover calculated as Simpson dissimilarity index. We applied an interpolation method to map NMDS axes of compositional variation over the entire extent of the Caatinga, and then classified the compositional dissimilarity according to the number of biogeographical sub regions identified a priori using k-means analysis. We used multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the influence of contemporary climatic productivity, topographic complexity, soil characteristics, climate stability since the last glacial maximum, and the human footprint in explaining the identified sub regions. We identified nine spatially cohesive biogeographical sub regions. Current productivity, as indicated by an aridity index, was the only explanatory variable retained in the best model, explaining nearly half of the floristic variability between sub regions. The highest rates of endemism within the Caatinga were in the Core and Periphery Chapada Diamantina sub regions. Our findings suggest that the topographic complexity, soil variation, and human footprint in the Caatinga act on woody plant distributions at local scales and not as determinants of broad floristic patterns. The lack of effect of climatic stability since the last glacial maximum probably results from the fact that a single measure of climatic stability does not adequately capture the highly dynamic climatic shifts the region suffered during the Pleistocene. There was limited overlap between our results and previous Caatinga classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, CB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandre F. Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, CB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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32
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Câmara T, Leal IR, Blüthgen N, Oliveira FMP, Queiroz RTD, Arnan X. Effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall on the specialization of ant-plant mutualistic networks in the Caatinga, a Brazilian dry forest. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:1022-1033. [PMID: 29504629 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance and climate change might negatively affect the ecosystem services provided by mutualistic networks. However, the effects of such forces remain poorly characterized. They may be especially important in dry forests, which (1) experience chronic anthropogenic disturbances (CADs) as human populations exploit forest resources, and (2) are predicted to face a 22% decline in rainfall under climate change. In this study, we investigated the separate and combined effects of CADs and rainfall levels on the specialization of mutualistic networks in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest typical of north-eastern Brazil. More specifically, we examined interactions between plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and ants. We analysed whether differences in network specialization could arise from environmentally mediated variation in the species composition, namely via the replacement of specialist by generalist species. We characterized these ant-plant networks in 15 plots (20 × 20 m) that varied in CAD intensity and mean annual rainfall. We quantified CAD intensity by calculating three indices related to the main sources of disturbance in the Caatinga: livestock grazing (LG), wood extraction (WE) and miscellaneous resource use (MU). We determined the degree of ant-plant network specialization using four metrics: generality, vulnerability, interaction evenness and H2 '. Our results indicate that CADs differentially influenced network specialization: we observed positive, negative, and neutral responses along LG, MU and WE gradients, respectively. The pattern was most pronounced with LG. Rainfall also shaped network specialization, markedly increasing it. While LG and rainfall were associated with changes in network species composition, this trend was not related to the degree of species specialization. This result suggests that shifts in network specialization might be related to changes in species behaviour, not species composition. Our study highlights the vulnerability of such dry forest ant-plant networks to climate change. Moreover, dry forests experience highly heterogeneous anthropogenic disturbances, creating a geographic mosaic of selective forces that may shape the co-evolution of interactions between ants and EFN-bearing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Inara R Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks Research Group, Department of Biology, Technische Universidad Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fernanda M P Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rubens T de Queiroz
- Department of Systematics and Ecology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Xavier Arnan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya, Spain
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Santo-Silva EE, Santos BA, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Melo FPL, Faria D, Cazetta E, Mariano-Neto E, Hernández-Ruedas MA, Tabarelli M. Phylogenetic dimension of tree communities reveals high conservation value of disturbed tropical rain forests. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E. Santo-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; Serra Talhada Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mariano-Neto
- Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Manuel A. Hernández-Ruedas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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34
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Silva-Junior V, Souza DG, Queiroz RT, Souza LGR, Ribeiro EMS, Santos BA. Landscape urbanization threatens plant phylogenetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chapman PM, Tobias JA, Edwards DP, Davies RG. Contrasting impacts of land-use change on phylogenetic and functional diversity of tropical forest birds. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Chapman
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; London UK
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - David P. Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Richard G. Davies
- School of Biological Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
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36
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Coelho de Souza F, Dexter KG, Phillips OL, Brienen RJW, Chave J, Galbraith DR, Lopez Gonzalez G, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Pennington RT, Poorter L, Alexiades M, Álvarez-Dávila E, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Arets EJMM, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Bonal D, Boot RGA, Camargo JLC, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, de Camargo PB, Di Fiore A, Elias F, Erwin TL, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Fyllas NM, Gloor E, Herault B, Herrera R, Higuchi N, Honorio Coronado EN, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance S, Lloyd J, Lovejoy TE, Malhi Y, Maracahipes L, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Mendoza C, Morandi P, Neill DA, Vargas PN, Oliveira EA, Lenza E, Palacios WA, Peñuela-Mora MC, Pipoly JJ, Pitman NCA, Prieto A, Quesada CA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rudas A, Ruokolainen K, Salomão RP, Silveira M, Stropp J, Ter Steege H, Thomas-Caesar R, van der Hout P, van der Heijden GMF, van der Meer PJ, Vasquez RV, Vieira SA, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Wang O, Young KR, Zagt RJ, Baker TR. Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1587. [PMID: 27974517 PMCID: PMC5204144 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | | | | | - Jerome Chave
- Université Paul Sabatier CNRS, UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, bâtiment 4R1, Toulouse 31062, France
| | | | | | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru.,Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | | | - Ana Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil
| | - Luis E O C Aragão
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK.,National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Casilla 2489, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric J M M Arets
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- UNELLEZ-Guanare, Programa del Agro y del Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Mesa de Cavacas, Estado Portuguesa 3350, Venezuela
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jorcely G Barroso
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Damien Bonal
- INRA, UMR 1137 'Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestiere', Champenoux 54280, France
| | - Rene G A Boot
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
| | - José L C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project (INPA & STRI), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas 69.011-970, Brazil
| | - James A Comiskey
- National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA 22405, USA.,Smithsonian Institution, 1100 Jefferson Dr, SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | | | - Plínio B de Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC Room 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fernando Elias
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Terry L Erwin
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Drive, Exeter, Rennes EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Leandro Ferreira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel Gloor
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Bruno Herault
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, U Antilles, U Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou 97310, French Guiana
| | - Rafael Herrera
- Centro de Ecología IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.,Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Niro Higuchi
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Susan Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst, Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Thomas E Lovejoy
- Environmental Science and Policy, and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University (GMU), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leandro Maracahipes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goias, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ben H Marimon-Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales, Unidad Académica del Trópico, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Sacta, Bolivia
| | - Paulo Morandi
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - David A Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de la Cultura N° 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - Edmar A Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eddie Lenza
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, Caixa Postal 08, 78.690-000, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Walter A Palacios
- Universidad Técnica del Norte and Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-21-1787, Av. Río Coca E6-115, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - John J Pipoly
- Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, FL 33309, USA
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University, PO Box 90381, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2.936 - Petrópolis - 69.067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, C.P. 5101, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Agustin Rudas
- Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad ciol de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Kalle Ruokolainen
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, 66.040-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC 69910-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, Postbus 9517, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Thomas-Caesar
- Iwokrama Intertiol Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, 77 High Street Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Peter van der Hout
- Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Jan Trooststraat 6, Rotterdam 3078 HP, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J van der Meer
- Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 9001, 6880 GB Velp, The Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo V Vasquez
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Prolongacion Bolognesi Mz. E, Lote 6, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Simone A Vieira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais - NEPAM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio Vilanova
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Vincent A Vos
- Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado - regional Norte Amazónico, C/ Nicanor Gonzalo Salvatierra N° 362, Casilla 16, Riberalta, Bolivia.,Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Campus Universitario, Riberalta, Bolivia
| | - Ophelia Wang
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kenneth R Young
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Roderick J Zagt
- Tropenbos International, PO Box 232, Wageningen 6700 AE, The Netherlands
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Leaf-cutting ant populations profit from human disturbances in tropical dry forest in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467417000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Anthropogenic disturbance often results in the proliferation of native species of particular groups that leads to biotic homogenization. Leaf-cutting ants are an example of such winner organisms in tropical rain forests, but their response to disturbance in dry forests is poorly known. We investigated Atta colony density in areas of tropical dry forest in Brazil with different distance to roads and vegetation cover. Atta colonies were surveyed in 59 belt transects of 300 × 20 m, covering a total area of 35.4 ha. We found 224 Atta colonies, 131 of which were active and belonged to Atta opaciceps (87 colonies, 2.45 ha−1), A. sexdens (35 colonies, 0.98 ha−1) and A. laevigata (9 colonies, 0.25 ha−1). The density of active colonies sharply decreased from 15 ± 2.92 ha−1 in the 50-m zone along roads to only 2.55 ± 1.65 ha−1 at distances up to 300 m. The reverse pattern was observed for inactive colonies. Active Atta colonies preferentially occur in areas with low vegetation cover, while inactive colonies prefer areas with high vegetation cover. We demonstrate for the first time that anthropogenic disturbances promote the proliferation of leaf-cutting ants in dry forest in Brazil, which may affect plant regeneration via herbivory and ecosystem engineering as demonstrated for rain forests.
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Morante-Filho JC, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, de Andrade ER, Santos BA, Cazetta E, Faria D. Compensatory dynamics maintain bird phylogenetic diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Morante-Filho
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Mich. Mexico
| | - Edyla R. de Andrade
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
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39
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Analysis of Climate and Topography Impacts on the Spatial Distribution of Vegetation in the Virunga Volcanoes Massif of East-Central Africa. GEOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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