1
|
Calvet X, Cantera LM. Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Victimization among Gay and Bisexual Men: A Preliminary Study in Spain. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2496. [PMID: 37761693 PMCID: PMC10530702 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual violence is an understudied issue in the population of gay and bisexual men, although the existing articles to date demonstrate that it is a problem that merits public attention. This study aims to approach the problem of invisibility around the matter, as well as presenting a number of variables that have been usually overlooked in Spanish research or have not been assessed at all. Lifetime sexual victimization, sociodemographic characteristics, situational characteristics and social support were examined among 550 gay and bisexual males living in Spain using a self-administrated questionnaire. Results analysis show that 90.00% (87.18-92.38%) of participants reported at least one experience of unwanted insinuation, 87.27% (84.19-89.94%) reported at least one experience of sexual coercion, 64.00% (59.83-68.02%) reported at least one experience of sexual assault, and specifically 19.82% (16.57-23.40%) reported being raped during their lifetime. Significant differences have been found between some categories regarding gender identity, sexual orientation, age, race/ethnicity and educational level. Overall, these results showcase sexual violence as a pervasive problem in the Spanish gay and bisexual community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Calvet
- Social Psychology Area, Department of Social Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cannon CEB. Improving Policy and Treatment Interventions for Sexual and Gender Minority Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence to Reduce Adverse Health Outcomes. LGBT Health 2023; 10:S6-S9. [PMID: 37754918 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV), understood as physical, sexual, and psychological aggression, is a pernicious health problem that is as or more prevalent in sexual and gender minority (SGM) relationships as in heterosexual and cisgender ones. IPV has many impacts, including physical and psychological health consequences. Effective treatment of abusers is needed to reduce IPV in SGM communities. Yet IPV in SGM relationships is understudied, making it difficult to determine whether current treatment, designed for people who identify as cisgender and heterosexual, is effective for SGM IPV abusers. This perspective identifies policy barriers to and recommendations for improving IPV perpetrator treatment for SGM individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare E B Cannon
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cannon CEB, Ferreira R, Buttell F. A disaster's disparate impacts: analysing perceived stress and personal resilience across gender and race. DISASTERS 2023; 47:563-583. [PMID: 35904212 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This research sought to identify differences in perceived stress and personal resilience across gender, race, and different types of stressors (such as rent or mortgage stress) among a sample of United States residents experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. It used a cross-sectional, convenience sampling design for primary survey data collected over 10 weeks starting in April 2020 (n=374). Independent t-tests and binary logistic regression were performed to determine statistically significant differences between gender and race for perceived stress and personal resilience and to pinpoint key contributing factors. Results indicate women exhibited higher levels of stress, with non-IPV (intimate partner violence) reporting women evidencing higher levels of resilience than IPV reporting women. Racial minority women were more likely to experience nutritional stress, whereas White women were more likely to worry about rent or mortgage stress. These findings provide insight into disparate impacts across vulnerable populations at the start of a crisis with implications for improving pre- and post-disaster interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare E B Cannon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, United States
- Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | - Regardt Ferreira
- Associate Professor, Tulane University School of Social Work, United States
- Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Fred Buttell
- Research Fellow, Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, South Africa
- Professor, Tulane University School of Social Work, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi EPH, Kwok JYY, Choi KWY, Lee JJ, Lok KYW, Wong JYH, Fong DYT, Wan EYF, Wong WCW, Chow EPF. Perceptions and experiences of sexual violence among Chinese men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1385-1398. [PMID: 35909096 PMCID: PMC10952851 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of sexual violence among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hong Kong. DESIGN The study adopted a qualitative descriptive design with thematic analysis. METHODS Thirty-one Chinese MSM were recruited in Hong Kong from May to June 2019 using purposive sampling. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The interview data were transcribed verbatim from the recordings and analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Four themes were identified: (1) different forms of sexual violence, from physical to virtual; (2) inner struggles with fears and worry; (3) low awareness and perceived risk of sexual violence - 'it has nothing to do with me' and (4) dilemma towards sexual violence prevention. CONCLUSION The study provided qualitative evidence regarding the experiences and perceptions of sexual violence among Chinese MSM in Hong Kong. Physical and image-based forms of sexual violence were identified, which led the participants to experience psychological distress, fear of contracting human immunodeficiency virus/other sexually transmitted infections, notoriety within the gay community, and discrimination and stigmatization within their family and workplace. To reduce the risk of sexual violence, some participants were cautious about the venue in which they engaged in sex and the habit of sharing sexually explicit photos with others. However, some participants had low awareness and perceived risk of sexual violence. IMPACTS This study was the first to fill the research gap on sexual violence issues among Chinese MSM using dating apps in Hong Kong. The qualitative findings enhanced the scholarly understanding of Chinese MSM's perceptions and experiences of sexual violence. The study findings can help nursing staff and other healthcare professionals to develop tailored primary, secondary and tertiary sexual violence prevention programmes for MSM or beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kitty Wai Ying Choi
- School of NursingThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong
- Sticky Rice LoveHong Kong
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of NursingThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong
| | - William Chi Wai Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong
| | - Eric Pui Fung Chow
- Melbourne Sexual Health CentreAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scott-Storey K, O’Donnell S, Ford-Gilboe M, Varcoe C, Wathen N, Malcolm J, Vincent C. What About the Men? A Critical Review of Men's Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:858-872. [PMID: 35094633 PMCID: PMC10009901 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211043827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a health problem affecting people of all genders and other social locations. While IPV victimization of cis-gendered women has been widely researched, how men conceptualized or experience IPV victimization, and the variations in their experiences of IPV, has not been thoroughly examined. In this critical review of men's experiences of IPV, an extensive search of peer reviewed literature was conducted using multiple database (Cochrane database, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycgINFO, and Google Scholar) as well as the gray literature. We critically reviewed examining the conceptual foundations of IPV victimization among men. The influence or gender roles and societal expectation on men's experiences and perceptions of IPV victimization and their help-seeking behavior are explored. Current knowledge about types, tactics, and patterns of IPV against men and the health and social consequences of IPV are addresses. Additionally, the conceptual and empirical limitations of current research are discussed, including the tendency to compare only the prevalence rates of discrete incidents of abuse among women versus men; the use of IPV measures not designed to capture men's conceptualizations of IPV; and the lack of attention given to sex and gender identity of both the victim and perpetrator. Future research priorities that address these limitations and seek to strengthen and deepen knowledge about IPV among men are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Scott-Storey
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New
Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Kelly Scott-Storey, Faculty of Nursing,
University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B5A3, Canada.
| | - Sue O’Donnell
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New
Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Marilyn Ford-Gilboe
- Arthur Labatt Family School of
Nursing, University of Western
Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen Varcoe
- School of Nursing, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nadine Wathen
- Arthur Labatt Family School of
Nursing, University of Western
Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeannie Malcolm
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New
Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Charlene Vincent
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New
Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Waldis L, Herzberg PY, Herold J, Nothhelfer K, Krebs J, Troche S. Predictors of sexual aggression among gay men and lesbian women: An application of Malamuth's confluence model. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:154-164. [PMID: 36417501 PMCID: PMC10100460 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the core constructs of Malamuth's confluence model (i.e., hostility against individuals of the same sex and sexual orientation [HASSO], impersonal sexuality [IS], and high dominance/low nurturance [HDLN]) could predict sexual aggressive behavior (SA) of gay men against other gay men and of lesbian women against other lesbian women. For both gay men (N = 226) and lesbian women (N = 190) regression analysis showed that IS, HDLN, and especially HASSO proved to be important predictors for sexual aggression. The confluence of all three risk factors in terms of a three-way interaction added to the prediction of SA in lesbian women but not in gay men. Overall, the three predictors explained 30% of the variance in SA among men and 62% of the variance in SA among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waldis
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Yorck Herzberg
- Department of Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Herold
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Konstanze Nothhelfer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Joline Krebs
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Stefan Troche
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Parent MC, Johnson NL. The Role of Minority Stressors in Digital Dating Abuse Victimization and Perpetration among Sexual Minority Men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3906-3923. [PMID: 36000406 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Digital dating abuse (DDA), a manifestation of intimate partner violence (IPV), is becoming more relevant. Despite elevated rates of IPV among sexual minority individuals and increased experiences of DDA, research has focused largely on face-to-face forms of IPV (e.g., physical assault) among presumed heterosexual couples. The minority stress theory offers a lens through which we can understand the elevated rates of IPV, including DDA, among sexual minority individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of minority stressors in DDA victimization and perpetration among sexual minority men. A sample of 491 cisgender gay and bisexual men (Mage = 31.35, SDage = 11.60) was recruited online. Consistent with prior research, discrimination was associated positively with internalized homophobia (IHP). Discrimination and IHP were directly linked to DDA victimization and perpetration. Indirect effect from discrimination to DDA victimization and perpetration, mediated by IHP, were significant. This study highlights the relationship between minority stressors and DDA among sexual minority men and indicates the need for more work on DDA among marginalized groups including sexual and gender minorities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Messinger AM, Guadalupe-Diaz XL, Kurdyla V. Transgender Polyvictimization in the U.S. Transgender Survey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP18810-NP18836. [PMID: 34463599 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211039250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Relative to cisgender people, transgender individuals not only are at an elevated risk of experiencing at least one form of physical or sexual violence, but also at an increased risk of polyvictimization: that is, exposure to multiple types of violence over the life course. Given that polyvictimization increases vulnerability to adverse mental and physical health sequelae, there is a pressing need to identify which sociodemographic subgroups of transgender people are at greater risk of polyvictimization. Understanding these risk profiles will have important implications for developing transgender-specific models for violence prevention, screening, and intervention. Responding to this need in the literature, the present article offers secondary data analyses of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, the largest study to-date of transgender people in the United States (N = 27,715 transgender adults), with participants selected from all 50 states and Washington, D.C., as well as several U.S. territories and overseas military bases. Multiple variable regressions examine sociodemographic predictors of five distinct forms of violence, as well as how many of these five violence types were experienced. The examined sociodemographic predictors included gender, sexual orientation, race-ethnicity, citizenship status, ever been homeless, has a disability, transgender outness, gender visual conformity, household income, and age. The five assessed violence victimization types included intimate partner violence, nonpartner sexual assault, antitransgender family violence, antitransgender physical violence during Kindergarten through 12th grade, and past-year antitransgender physical violence. With some exceptions, results indicate that more marginalized segments of transgender communities have a greater likelihood of experiencing polyvictimization. Recommendations are discussed for future research and service provision.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee KA, Bright CL, Sacco P, Smith ME. The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence Among Black Men: The Moderating Role of Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP17248-NP17275. [PMID: 34192964 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211027997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the moderating role of alcohol use on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among Black men in the United States. We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analyses using data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Bivariate results revealed significant relationships between eight of the 10 ACE factors physical neglect; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; witnessing a mother being abused; and having a parent guardian with an alcohol and drug problem and who was incarcerated and IPV perpetration. Similarly, examination of the relationship between ACEs and alcohol use in adulthood also revealed significant associations, with the exception of exposure to emotional neglect, emotional and sexual abuse, and witnessing a mother being abused. Findings from the logistic regression models revealed that alcohol use significantly moderated the relationship between ACEs and IPV perpetration, but only for men exposed to 1, 2, and ≥4 adversities in childhood. However, alcohol use appeared to exacerbate the relationship between ACEs and IPV perpetration for men without childhood adversity. Implications for practice, policy, and areas for further research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Lee
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul Sacco
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alroy KA, Wang A, Sanderson M, Gould LH, Stayton C. Psychological and Physical Intimate Partner Violence, Measured by the New York City Community Health Survey - New York City, 2018. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 38:1-12. [PMID: 36186740 PMCID: PMC9510726 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) can damage long-term physical and mental health, yet IPV prevalence in New York City (NYC) is unknown. We described prevalence and health correlates of psychological and physical IPV in NYC. Method The 2018 NYC Community Health Survey, a representative telephone survey among adult residents, asked about lifetime psychological or physical IPV experiences. We estimated age-adjusted physical and psychological prevalence, stratified by demographic variables, and created log-linear multivariable models with 95% CIs to measure the association of each IPV type with health conditions and behaviors. Results Overall, 10,076 surveys were completed. We excluded responses with missing IPV values. Of 9,945 adults, 16.7% reported ever having experienced psychological IPV; higher prevalence among females (18.6%; CI:17.0-20.2) than males (14.5%; CI:13.1-16.2). Prevalence of not getting needed mental health treatment (PR: 4.5; CI:3.3-6.1) and current depression (PR:2.6 CI:2.1-3.1) was higher among adults who had ever experienced psychological IPV, compared with those who had not. Of 9,964 adults, 9.8% reported ever having experienced physical IPV; higher prevalence among females (12.4%; CI:11.1-13.8) than males (6.8%; CI:5.8-8.0). Prevalence of not getting needed mental health treatment (PR:3.9, CI:2.8-5.4) and current depression (PR:2.6, CI:2.1-3.2) was higher among adults who had ever experienced physical IPV, compared with those who had not. Conclusions One in six (16.7%) and one in 10 (9.8%) NYC adults reported ever experiencing psychological IPV and ever experiencing physical IPV, respectively. Key implications suggest that IPV potentially underlies public health priority health conditions and behaviors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10896-022-00442-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Alroy
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
- Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Bureau of Environmental Disease and Injury Prevention, Division of Environmental Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY USA
| | - Michael Sanderson
- Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY USA
| | - L. Hannah Gould
- Bureau of Epidemiology Services, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY USA
| | - Catherine Stayton
- Bureau of Environmental Disease and Injury Prevention, Division of Environmental Health, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trombetta T, Rollè L. Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority People and Associated Factors: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2022; 20:1-50. [PMID: 36097504 PMCID: PMC9452866 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-022-00761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) among sexual minority people has been underestimated since few decades ago despite its spreading. The current systematic review aims to review and systematize studies on factors associated with IPV perpetration within this population. Methods Data search was conducted on EBSCO and PubMed considering articles published until July 2022, and 78 papers were included. Results Although methodological limitations can affect the results found, the data demonstrated an association between IPV perpetration and psychological, relational, family of origin-related and sexual minority-specific factors, substance use, and sexual behaviors. Conclusion The findings emerged highlight the importance of a multidimensional approach to tackle IPV perpetration among sexual minority people and limit relapses, while increasing individual and relational wellbeing. Policy Implications The empirical evidence emerged can contribute to the development of policies and services tailored for sexual minority people victims of IPV, to date still scarce and often ineffective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Trombetta
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, TO Italy
| | - Luca Rollè
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, TO Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stults CB, Khan E, Griffin M, Krause K, Gao SS, Halkitis PN. Sociodemographic Differences in Intimate Partner Violence Prevalence, Chronicity, and Severity Among Young Sexual and Gender Minorities Assigned Male at Birth: The P18 Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP16476-NP16508. [PMID: 34144650 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211021985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among young sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth (YSGM-AMAB). However, few studies have examined the chronicity or distinguished between minor and severe forms of IPV among YSGM-AMAB. Furthermore, while past research has documented differences in IPV by race/ethnicity, sexual identity, gender identity, income, and education in other populations, few studies have examined these sociodemographic characteristics in relation to IPV in YSGM-AMAB. Thus, the present study aims to: (1) estimate past year prevalence and chronicity of minor and severe forms of IPV victimization and perpetration in a diverse sample of (N = 665) YSGM-AMAB in New York City, and (2) examine differences in IPV prevalence and chronicity by the aforementioned sociodemographic characteristics. Cross-sectional data from [BLINDED] informed these descriptive and inferential analyses. Nearly half of all participants reported past year IPV victimization and approximately 40% reported perpetration. Psychological violence was the most common form of victimization, followed by sexual, physical, and injury victimization. Psychological violence was the most common form of perpetration, followed by physical, sexual, and injury perpetration. Regarding sociodemographic differences in last year IPV prevalence, bisexual, transgender, and lower income YSGM-AMAB were more likely to report several subtypes of IPV victimization. Whereas Asian/API, bisexual, transgender, and lower income participants were more likely to report several subtypes of IPV perpetration. Regarding last year IPV chronicity, non-graduate YSGM-AMAB reported more instances of two subtypes of IPV victimization, while Black, White, cisgender, upper income, non-graduate participants reported more instances of several subtypes of IPV perpetration. These findings may be used to develop IPV prevention and intervention programs, inform future research endeavors, and develop and strengthen policies that reduce sociodemographic inequalities and promote more favorable sociopolitical conditions for YSGM-AMAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Stults
- Department of Psychology, Weisman School of Arts and Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Ellia Khan
- Sexual and Gender Minority Health Lab, Baruch College, City University of New York
| | - Marybec Griffin
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Kristen Krause
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| | - Siyan Stan Gao
- Sexual and Gender Minority Health Lab, Baruch College, City University of New York
| | - Perry N Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
- Department of Urban-Global Public Health, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Katerndahl D, Burge SK, Ferrer RL, Becho J, Wood R. Same-Day Correlates and Prior-Day Predictors of Couples' Violent Behaviors Based upon Partners' Daily Reports. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5246-NP5268. [PMID: 32975482 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520960113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although previous research identified predictors of violent events within violent heterosexual couples, findings were limited to the woman's reports, to her perceptions; his assessments were not obtained. This exploratory study was conducted to gain understanding of proximal predictors of violence assessed in "real-time" from the perspective of both partners. Fifteen adult heterosexual couples in which the woman reported experiencing partner violence in the prior 30 days were enrolled in a primary care clinic. Each partner provided separate daily telephone reports for eight weeks via an automated Interactive Voice Response (IVR), concerning the previous day's violence, alcohol use, stressors, emotional reactions and concerns for children. Same-day correlates were determined by Pearson correlations while prior-day predictors were identified via vector autoregression. Same-day correlations show that men's violence was associated with almost every other variable while women's violence correlated with men's violence, men's drug use, women's alcohol use, anger, closeness, hassles, and all men's negative feelings. Using prior-day predictors, men's violence was related to feelings (primarily hers), but women's violence was more dependent upon feelings of both of them as well as women's prior-day violence and alcohol use. Men's violence was dependent upon their partners' prior-day feelings and the men's lack of concern about effects of violence on children. Women's violence was also dependent upon women's prior-day feelings, as well as women's violence, alcohol use, marital closeness, and men's concern for children. Although the co-occurrence of men's and women's violence has been seen before, in this study only women's violence was linked to alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Katerndahl
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra K Burge
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Ferrer
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna Becho
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Wood
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee KA, Bright CL, Betz G. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Alcohol Use in Adulthood, and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Perpetration by Black Men: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:372-389. [PMID: 32873225 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020953101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social and public health problem in the United States. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and alcohol use have been found to be associated with IPV perpetration; however, limited studies have examined the interrelationships of these variables among Black men. This is the first known study to systematically review and synthesize studies on the interrelationships of ACEs, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration among Black men. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed and six EBSCOhost databases by a research librarian and two researchers. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria: empirical; available in English; included ACEs, alcohol use/substance abuse, and IPV perpetration variables in the analyses; and samples included Black/African American male IPV perpetrators aged ≥ 18 years. ACEs were found to be associated with IPV perpetration among Black men, but findings were mixed regarding the role of alcohol in relation to ACEs and IPV. Numerous ACE factors (1-6) were used across studies. However, findings regarding the co-occurrence of ACE factors are inconclusive because none of the studies examined the cumulative effects of exposure to more than one type of ACE on subsequent IPV perpetration. Implications for policy, practice, and research related to the interrelationships of ACEs, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration are provided. Future work is needed to better explicate the interrelationships among these constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Human Development and Quantitative Methodology Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Gail Betz
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hampton-Anderson JN, Watson-Singleton NN, Mekawi Y, Dunn SE, Kaslow NJ. Intimate Partner Violence, Existential Well-Being, and Africultural Coping in African American Women. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2022; 31:660-676. [PMID: 35846383 PMCID: PMC9282718 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2022.2038751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, University of Louisville
| | - Sarah E. Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | - Nadine J. Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Veldhuis CB, Porsch LM, Bochicchio LA, Campbell J, Johnson TP, LeBlanc AJ, Leonard KE, Wall M, Wilsnack SC, Xu M, Hughes TL. The Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women Couples Study: Protocol for a Study of Stress, Hazardous Drinking, and Intimate Partner Aggression Among Sexual Minority Women and Their Partners. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e28080. [PMID: 34665154 PMCID: PMC8564669 DOI: 10.2196/28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large gaps exist in research on alcohol use and intimate partner aggression (IPA) among sexual minority women (SMW; eg, lesbian, bisexual). Dyadic research with SMW and their partners can illuminate how couple-level factors operate in conjunction with individual-level factors to shape well-being in this understudied and vulnerable population. Given the traditionally gendered lens with which women are primarily viewed as victims and men as perpetrators, understanding the dynamics of IPA in same-sex female couples can also advance research and practice related to IPA more generally. OBJECTIVE Guided by a recent extension of the minority stress model that includes relational (couple-level) sexual minority stress and the I-cubed theoretical perspective on IPA, we will collect individual and dyadic data to better characterize the links between hazardous drinking and IPA among SMW and their partners. First, this study aims to examine the associations among minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA in SMW and their partners. Minority stressors will be assessed as both individual and couple-level constructs, thus further extending the minority stress model. Second, we aim to examine potential mediators and moderators of the associations among minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA. Finally, we aim to test models guided by the I-cubed theoretical perspective that includes instigating (eg, relationship conflict), impelling (eg, negative affect and trait anger), and inhibiting (eg, relationship commitment and emotion regulation) or disinhibiting (eg, hazardous drinking) influences on IPA perpetration. METHODS This United States National Institutes of Health-funded project will draw from a large and diverse cohort of SMW currently enrolled in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women (CHLEW) study-a 21-year longitudinal study of risk factors and consequences associated with SMW hazardous drinking. SMW currently enrolled in the CHLEW and their partners will be invited to participate in the CHLEW Couples Study. By analyzing dyadic data using actor-partner interdependence models, we will examine how each partner's minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA experiences are associated with both her own and her partner's minority stress, hazardous drinking, and IPA perpetration. RESULTS Data collection began in February 2021 and will likely continue through 2023. Initial results should be available by mid-2024. CONCLUSIONS The CHLEW Couples Study will fill important gaps in knowledge and provide the basis for future research aimed at clarifying the causal pathways linking hazardous drinking and IPA among SMW. This will support the development of culturally appropriate targeted individual and dyadic prevention and intervention strategies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28080.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B Veldhuis
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren M Porsch
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Jacquelyn Campbell
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timothy P Johnson
- Department of Public Administration, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Allen J LeBlanc
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Wall
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Mariah Xu
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rogers MM. Exploring the Domestic Abuse Narratives of Trans and Nonbinary People and the Role of Cisgenderism in Identity Abuse, Misgendering, and Pathologizing. Violence Against Women 2021; 27:2187-2207. [PMID: 34448660 PMCID: PMC8404723 DOI: 10.1177/1077801220971368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on data from two empirical studies, this article employs cisgenderism as a conceptual tool to explore trans people’s experiences of domestic violence and abuse (DVA). Distinct modes of cisgenderism are analyzed. These are identity abuse, microaggressions, misgendering, and pathologizing practices. Qualitative data were collected via semistructured interviews (n = 24). Two inclusion criteria were used for this secondary analysis requiring participants to self-identify as trans or nonbinary and have experience of DVA. The findings illuminate the extent of cisgenderism as underpinning experiences of DVA. The article ends with a call for further theoretical and empirical research in this regard.
Collapse
|
18
|
Esquivel-Santoveña EE, Rodríguez-Hernández R, Gutiérrez-Vega M, Castillo-Viveros N, López-Orozco F. Psychological Aggression, Attitudes About Violence, Violent Socialization, and Dominance in Dating Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP8373-NP8394. [PMID: 30982385 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519842856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Psychological aggression is a widespread form of abuse in dating relationships, especially in collectivist societies with ties to patriarchal beliefs. Despite the prevalence of psychological aggression, it has seldom been studied in connection with known antecedents of interpersonal violence, including dominance, attitudes supportive of violence, and violence socialization processes during childhood. The present study sought to test relationships among these variables in young men and women. A total of 500 Mexican undergraduate students in northern Mexico reported on their experiences with psychological aggression, the dominance of a dating partner, and violent socialization during childhood, as well as on their approval of violence within and outside the family. The results indicate that the dominance of a dating partner is directly linked to male and female intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Violent socialization and proviolent attitudes appear to be related to female dominance. Female and male psychological aggression victimization was predicted by the participant's own perpetration. In general, a dyadic approach appears to be useful for explaining psychological aggression perpetration and victimization in a collectivist society, in light of recent changes in normative beliefs held by young educated Mexicans. Implications for future research and public policy are discussed.
Collapse
|
19
|
López-Cepero Borrego J, Estrada-Pineda C, Chan-Gamboa EC, Fuente-Barrera A. Effect of Victimization and Perceived Support on Maintenance of Dating Relationships Among College Students in Guadalajara, Mexico. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2182-2198. [PMID: 29475420 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518759057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the influence of the victimization suffered (sexual, physical, coercion, humiliation, and emotional punishment) and the support network available (as Independent Variables (IIVV)) on the trajectory of young couples (feeling trapped in a relationship, Dependent Variable (DV)). A total of 990 Mexican university students (M = 19.5, SD = 1.82 years) of both sexes (66% women) participated in the study. Family and friends were perceived as providing the greatest support (in over 85% of respondents), while the resources provided by the university (teachers, central resources) were regarded as unhelpful by 40%. A linear regression analysis showed that the feeling of being trapped in the relationship was influenced by all the IIVV (*p < .05), although perceived support proved to be a poor predictor (beta = -.053). A path analysis reflected a negative effect of coercion (regression weight = -.533) and physical violence (-.926) on perceived support, with all forms of victimization being precursors for feeling trapped in a relationship. These results show the negative effect of victimization on expectations of support in young people, which may make it difficult to begin the process of seeking help. They also highlight the need to increase the visibility of resources available in educational settings to provide an early response to intimate partner violence.
Collapse
|
20
|
Woulfe JM, Goodman LA. Identity Abuse as a Tactic of Violence in LGBTQ Communities: Initial Validation of the Identity Abuse Measure. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2656-2676. [PMID: 29528799 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518760018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV; i.e., physical, sexual, or psychological abuse by a current or former partner) remains a public health concern with devastating personal and societal costs. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals are also vulnerable to a dimension of IPV called identity abuse (IA); that is, abuse tactics that leverage systemic oppression to harm an individual. Yet, we know little about its relative prevalence in subgroups of the LGBTQ community. This study developed and evaluated a measure of IA, and explored its prevalence in a sample of 734 sexual minority adults. The sample included women (53.1%), men (27.4%), and transgender or gender nonconforming "TGNC" (19.3%) participants. The majority of participants identified as queer or pansexual (38.7%), then gay (23.6%), lesbian (22.8%), and bisexual (13.6%). Participants completed an online survey that included measures of IA and physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. The IA items formed a unidimensional factor structure with strong internal consistency and construct validity. Nearly one fifth of the sample (16.8%) experienced past year IA and 40.1% reported adult IA. Women experienced greater exposure to IA in adulthood than men, and TGNC participants reported higher rates of IA in adulthood and in the last year compared to their cisgender counterparts. The odds of queer or bisexual participants reporting IA in adulthood were almost three times higher than gay participants, and two times higher than lesbian participants. Findings have implications for advancing assessment of partner abuse in the LGBTQ community, LGBTQ-competent clinical care, and training of practitioners.
Collapse
|
21
|
Steele SM, Everett BG, Hughes TL. Influence of Perceived Femininity, Masculinity, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual-Minority Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:453-475. [PMID: 29294629 PMCID: PMC5762434 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516683176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sexual-minority women (SMW) are believed to experience comparable or higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) than heterosexual women. In this study, we expand upon existing research by examining the intersectional relationships among self-perceptions of femininity and masculinity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and IPV. Data are obtained from the most recent wave of the longitudinal Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study that included a diverse sample of SMW (N = 608). We use multivariate generalized linear models to investigate self-perceptions of femininity and masculinity, race/ethnicity, and SES differences in multiple types of IPV, including moderate IPV, severe IPV, and a sexual-minority-specific measure of IPV, threat of "outing" one's partner. Results suggest no differences across self-perceptions of femininity and masculinity in SMW's reporting of victimization but clear differences based on race/ethnicity and SES. Implications for providing support to SMW who experience IPV and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez JM. Group dynamics as a predictor of dissociation for Black victims of violence: An exploratory study of cultural betrayal trauma theory. Transcult Psychiatry 2019; 56:878-894. [PMID: 31046633 DOI: 10.1177/1363461519847300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Violence victimization is prevalent in the US and is linked to costly mental health outcomes, including dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Black Americans are at increased risk for violence victimization, while additionally enduring racism that impacts mental health. Moreover, discrimination affects outcomes of violence. Cultural betrayal trauma theory (CBTT) is a new framework for examining the impact of within-group violence victimization (termed cultural betrayal trauma) and minority status on outcomes. Furthermore, CBTT examines posttraumatic group dynamics, such as (intra)cultural pressure. As pressure to protect the minority in-group by not disclosing cultural betrayal trauma, (intra)cultural pressure may impact outcomes. The purpose of the exploratory study was to examine the impact of cultural betrayal trauma and (intra)cultural pressure on dissociation and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Participants (N = 43) were Black/African American university students who completed online measures assessing violence victimization and outcomes. Linear regression analyses revealed that cultural betrayal trauma predicted PTSS, whereas (intra)cultural pressure predicted dissociation. The current study has implications for examining the impact of group dynamics, such as (intra)cultural pressure, in clinical interventions for Black victims of cultural betrayal trauma. Such cultural competency in mental health care treatment may help reduce mental health disparities.
Collapse
|
23
|
Intimate Partner Violence and Depression among Black Transgender Women in the USA: The Potential Suppressive Effect of Perceived Social Support. J Urban Health 2019; 96:760-771. [PMID: 31037482 PMCID: PMC6814667 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-019-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression among Black transgender women (BTW) in the USA is an often understudied mental health concern with far-reaching consequences for overall physical and mental health at both the individual and community levels. Intimate partner violence (IPV) among BTW is also a frequently understudied and important social determinant of health in need of further exploration. This study sought to address the gap in research on the relationship between IPV and depression among BTW using a time- and location-based community sample of BTW from six US cities. In addition, it sought to explore the potential protective or suppressive effect of perceived social support on this relationship. Generalized structural equation models were used to assess conditional direct and indirect effects of IPV on depression via the suppression effect of perceived social support. Evidence was found of a statistically significant conditional direct effect of IPV on depression as well as a statistically significant suppression effect for perceived social support. Specifically, there was a 20% lower likelihood of increased depressive symptomatology for every 1-unit increase in perceived social support reported by participants. These findings indicated that perceived social support may be an important intervention point for helping to improve the mental health and well-being of BTW.
Collapse
|
24
|
Badenes-Ribera L, Sánchez-Meca J, Longobardi C. The Relationship Between Internalized Homophobia and Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Relationships: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:331-343. [PMID: 29333955 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017708781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between internalized homophobia and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in same-sex relationships. The literature search and the application of the inclusion criteria made it possible to identify 10 studies, 2 of which were excluded due to missing data. Therefore, eight studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results showed positive and statistically significant associations between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration and victimization, indicating that higher levels of internalized homophobia were related to higher levels of IPV. Specifically, the pooled effect size for the relationship between internalized homophobia and IPV perpetration (all forms), it was r+ = .147, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.079, .214]; for the association between internalized homophobia and physical/sexual IPV perpetration, it was r+ = .166, 95% CI [.109, .221]; p < .0001; for the relationship between internalized homophobia and psychological IPV perpetration, it was r+ = .145, 95% CI [.073, .216]; and for the association between internalized homophobia and any type of IPV victimization, it was r+ = .102, 95% CI [.030, .173]. Implications of these results for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- 1 Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Russell B, Kraus SW, Chapleau KM, Oswald D. Perceptions of Blame in Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Perpetrator's Ability to Arouse Fear of Injury in the Victim. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:1089-1097. [PMID: 27147272 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516646999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Men are more likely to be blamed more for intimate partner violence (IPV) than are women who commit the same offense. However, because men are typically stronger and perceived as more physically aggressive than women are, perpetrator sex is confounded with masculinity and the ability to arouse fear in the victim. This study disentangled the construct of gender in understanding bystanders' attributions of blame in IPV. Participants (N = 639) read a scenario in which the perpetrator's sex (male/female) and gender identity (masculine/feminine), and the victim's sex (male/female) were manipulated and rated how much they blamed the perpetrator and the perpetrator's ability to arouse fear of injury in the victim. Results showed that male perpetrators (regardless of gender identity) who assaulted a female victim were attributed the most blame and were perceived as having the greatest ability to arouse victim fear. In contrast, feminine female perpetrators were attributed the least blame and perceived as arousing the least victim fear regardless of the victim's gender. Furthermore, controlling for the perpetrator's ability to arouse fear in the victim resulted in the elimination of the interaction effects for blame. This finding suggests that perpetrators' ability to arouse fear is an underlying factor in bystanders' attributions of blame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane W Kraus
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Counselman-Carpenter E, Redcay A. Mining for Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) in Sexual Minority Women Who Survive Intimate Partner Violence: A Conceptual Perspective. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8090077. [PMID: 30154308 PMCID: PMC6162730 DOI: 10.3390/bs8090077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This theoretical paper explores the need to use posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a framework when studying sexual minority women (SMW) who are survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) to examine the relationship between risk factors such as stress, anxiety and alcohol use and to understand the role of protective factors through mining for the presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Despite a call for continued research in this highly vulnerable population, representative studies of SMW and PTG remain extremely limited. Research that examines the relationship between IPV, behavioral health issues, and posttraumatic growth would provide the opportunity to develop tailored intervention models and opportunities for program development to decrease isolation and increase factors of posttraumatic growth. In particular, the impact of how interpersonal relationships as potential mediators and/or outcomes of posttraumatic growth (PTG) needs to be explored more thoroughly. PTG is a valuable framework for vulnerable populations such as sexual minority women because it focuses on how transformative change may result from traumatic experiences such as surviving IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Redcay
- School of Social Work, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lewis RJ, Winstead BA, Braitman AL, Hitson P. Discrepant Drinking and Partner Violence Perpetration Over Time in Lesbians' Relationships. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1149-1165. [PMID: 30037320 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Discrepant drinking (i.e., differences in alcohol use) and perpetration of intimate partner violence in same-sex female couples were examined. Self-identified lesbian participants were recruited from market research firms and reported on their own and their partner's alcohol use and their own perpetration of psychological aggression and physical violence at baseline, then 6 and 12 months later. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that discrepant drinking predicted participants' subsequent perpetration of psychological aggression but not physical violence. Both psychological aggression and physical aggression predicted subsequent discrepant drinking. Consistent with findings in heterosexual couples, differences in alcohol use appear to be a risk factor for relationship aggression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Lewis
- 1 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,2 Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Barbara A Winstead
- 1 Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.,2 Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Phoebe Hitson
- 2 Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wasarhaley NE, Lynch KR, Golding JM, Renzetti CM. The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Legal Perceptions of Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:635-658. [PMID: 25990382 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515586370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined legal perceptions of lesbian intimate partner violence (IPV) in an experimental context. Undergraduate women and men from the Southeastern United States ( N = 217) read a trial summary in which the defendant was charged with physically assaulting her same-sex partner. The trial varied as to whether the victim and defendant were depicted via images as either feminine or masculine. Participants rendered verdicts and made judgments about the victim and defendant (e.g., credibility). Results indicated that the victim's and defendant's masculine or feminine appearance affected these judgments. Female participants viewed a masculine victim as more credible than a feminine victim when the defendant was masculine. When the victim was masculine, they viewed a masculine defendant as more responsible for the victim's injuries than a feminine defendant. Male participants had higher sympathy for a masculine versus feminine victim overall, but had more anger toward a masculine defendant versus a feminine defendant accused of assaulting a feminine victim. Finally, fewer participants mentioned the defendant's history of violence as a reason for a guilty of felony verdict for a feminine victim with a feminine defendant versus all other combinations of victim and defendant masculine/feminine appearance. Results are discussed in terms of gender stereotypes influencing legal decision-making in IPV cases among lesbian couples.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Jones N, Thorpe CW. Domestic Violence and the Impacts on African American Women: A Brief Overview on Race, Class, and Root Causes in the United State. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15685/omnes.2016.07.7.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
31
|
Badenes-Ribera L, Bonilla-Campos A, Frias-Navarro D, Pons-Salvador G, Monterde-I-Bort H. Intimate Partner Violence in Self-Identified Lesbians: A Systematic Review of Its Prevalence and Correlates. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2016; 17:284-297. [PMID: 26018210 DOI: 10.1177/1524838015584363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the first systematic review on intimate partner violence (IPV) in self-identified lesbians in same-sex couples. Studies published from January 1990 to December 2013 were analyzed. Of the 687 studies reviewed, 59 were preselected, of which 14 studies were selected that met the inclusion and methodological quality criteria. A summary is presented of the characteristics of the studies, the participants, the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration, and its correlates. All the studies were carried out in the United States and used a nonprobabilistic sampling method. The majority of participants were White with a high educational level. The results indicate that all the forms of violence occur, but the most prevalent is emotional/psychological violence. The correlates positively associated with IPV are certain personality characteristics, fusion, previous IPV experience, a family history of violence, and alcohol consumption. This review finds significant limitations in the analyzed literature. Methodological recommendations are made for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Bonilla-Campos
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Frias-Navarro
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Pons-Salvador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hector Monterde-I-Bort
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Langenderfer-Magruder L, Whitfield DL, Walls NE, Kattari SK, Ramos D. Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Police Reporting Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Adults in Colorado: Comparing Rates of Cisgender and Transgender Victimization. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:855-71. [PMID: 25392392 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514556767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals are at high risk of victimization by others and that transgender individuals may be at even higher risk than their cisgender LGBQ peers. In examining partner violence in particular, extant literature suggests that LGBTQ individuals are at equal or higher risk of partner violence victimization compared with their heterosexual peers. As opposed to sexual orientation, there is little research on gender identity and partner violence within the LGBTQ literature. In the current study, the authors investigated intimate partner violence (IPV) in a large sample of LGBTQ adults (N = 1,139) to determine lifetime prevalence and police reporting in both cisgender and transgender individuals. Results show that more than one fifth of all participants ever experienced partner violence, with transgender participants demonstrating significantly higher rates than their cisgender peers. Implications focus on the use of inclusive language as well as future research and practice with LGBTQ IPV victims.
Collapse
|
33
|
Babcock J, Armenti N, Cannon C, Lauve-Moon K, Buttell F, Ferreira R, Cantos A, Hamel J, Kelly D, Jordan C, Lehmann P, Leisring PA, Murphy C, O’Leary KD, Bannon S, Salis KL, Solano I. Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs: A Proposal for Evidence-Based Standards in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the judicial system response to violence between intimate partners, or intimate partner violence (IPV), typically mandates that adjudicated perpetrators complete a batterer intervention program (BIP). The social science data has found that these programs, on the whole, are only minimally effective in reducing rates of IPV. The authors examined the social science literature on the characteristics and efficacy of BIPs. More than 400 studies were considered, including a sweeping, recently conducted survey of BIP directors across the United States and Canada. Results of this review indicate that the limitations of BIPs are due, in large part, to the limitations of current state standards regulating these programs and, furthermore, that these standards are not grounded in the body of empirical research evidence or best practices. The authors, all of whom have considerable expertise in the area of domestic violence perpetrator treatment, conducted an exhaustive investigation of the following key intervention areas: overall effectiveness of BIPs; length of treatment/length of group sessions; number of group participants and number of facilitators; group format and curriculum; assessment protocol and instruments; victim contact; modality of treatment; differential treatment; working with female perpetrators; working with perpetrators in racial and ethnic minority groups; working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) perpetrators; perpetrator treatment and practitioner–client relationships; and required practitioner education and training. Recommendations for evidence-based national BIP standards were made based on findings from this review.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cannon C, Hamel J, Buttell F, Ferreira RJ. A Survey of Domestic Violence Perpetrator Programs in the United States and Canada: Findings and Implications for Policy and Intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.7.3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 15-page questionnaire, the North American Domestic Violence Intervention Program Survey, was sent to directors of 3,246 domestic violence perpetrator programs (also known as batterer intervention programs, or BIPs) in the United States and Canada. Respondent contact information was obtained from state Coalitions Against Domestic Violence and from various government agencies (e.g., Attorney General) available on the Internet. Two hundred thirty-eight programs completed and returned the questionnaire, a response rate of 20%. The survey yielded descriptive data on respondent characteristics; program philosophy, structure, content, and service; client characteristics; treatment approach and adjunct services; and group facilitator views on intervention approaches and domestic violence policy and treatment standards. The programs varied in the extent to which they adhere to treatment approaches suggested by the empirical research literature. In addition, chi-square analyses were conducted on the associations between several factors. Significant correlations were found between respondent low level of education and adherence to a feminist-gendered program philosophy; respondent low level of education and use of a shorter assessment protocol; feminist-gendered program philosophy and incorrect facilitator knowledge about domestic violence; and feminist-gendered program philosophy and a program focus on power and control as the primary cause of domestic violence.
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnson WL, Manning WD, Giordano PC, Longmore MA. Relationship Context and Intimate Partner Violence From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:631-6. [PMID: 26592332 PMCID: PMC4732696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess changes in self-reported intimate partner violence (IPV) experience from adolescence through young adulthood. To examine whether individual change in indicators of relationship context--qualities and dynamics of the relationship, changes in partners, and relationship type (dating, cohabiting, and married)--were associated with change in self-reports of IPV. METHODS Drawing on longitudinal population-based data, the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, we used fixed-effects models to estimate within-person change in associations between features of respondents' intimate relationships and the proportion of relationships with IPV from adolescence through young adulthood. Analyses focused on 1,146 young men and women ages 13-29 years (51% female). Items measuring IPV were from the Conflict Tactics Scale. RESULTS More than half of respondents (53%) experienced discontinuity in IPV across relationships. Among those reporting violence, the vast majority (87%) did not experience violence in all of their relationships. Age-related patterns were similar for men and women with IPV peaking in young adulthood. Infidelity, frequency of disagreements, and partner continuity were associated with a higher proportion of relationships with IPV. Improvements in the nature and character of romantic relationships were associated with a lower accumulation of IPV experiences. CONCLUSIONS IPV, although prevalent, does not represent a consistent experience. As young adults develop higher quality relationships they move toward desistance from IPV. Yet, variability in these experiences is observed, supporting previous calls for programs that promote the development of healthy relationships among adolescents and young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi L. Johnson
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice, Oakland University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lacey KK, West CM, Matusko N, Jackson JS. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Severe Physical Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Black Women: A Comparison of African American and Caribbean Blacks. Violence Against Women 2015; 22:651-70. [PMID: 26503860 DOI: 10.1177/1077801215610014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explored prevalence rates and factors associated with lifetime severe physical intimate partner violence among U.S. Black women. Data from the National Survey of American Life were examined. Rates of severe physical intimate partner violence were higher among African American women compared with U.S. Caribbean Black women. Risk factors associated with reported abuse were similar to those found in earlier studies but differed by ethnic backgrounds. Demographic, resource, and situational factors were associated with severe physical intimate partner violence among U.S. Black women in general but made unique contributions by ethnic group. Implications and suggestions for future studies were discussed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pachankis JE. A transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men's syndemic health conditions. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:1843-60. [PMID: 26123065 PMCID: PMC4560958 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing and deploying separate treatments for separate conditions seems ill-suited to intervening upon the co-occurring, and possibly functionally similar, psychosocial conditions facing gay and bisexual men. This article argues for the need to create transdiagnostic interventions that reduce multiple syndemic conditions facing gay and bisexual men at the level of their shared source in minority stress pathways. This article first reviews psychosocial syndemic conditions affecting gay and bisexual men, then suggests pathways that might link minority stress to psychosocial syndemics based on recent advancements in emotion science, psychiatric nosology, and cognitive-affective neuroscience, and finally suggests cross-cutting psychosocial treatment principles to reduce minority stress-syndemic pathways among gay and bisexual men. Because minority stress serves as a common basis of all psychosocial syndemic conditions reviewed here, locating the pathways through which minority stress generates psychosocial syndemics and employing overarching treatment principles capable of simultaneously alleviating these pathways will ultimately create a transdiagnostic approach to improving gay and bisexual men's health. Clinical research and training approaches are suggested to further validate the pathways suggested here, establish the efficacy of treatment approaches tied to those pathways, and generate effective methods for disseminating a transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men's psychosocial syndemic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Pachankis
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Division, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, Suite 316, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Russell B, Chapleau KM, Kraus SW. When Is It Abuse? How Assailant Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Protection Orders Influence Perceptions of Intimate Partner Abuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1891/1946-6560.6.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Incidents of intimate partner violence (IPV) are considered more serious when perpetrated by a male than when perpetrated by a female, and IPV among gay men and lesbians are perceived as less serious than IPV among heterosexual couples. This study examines how assailant and victim sexual orientation and protection orders (POs) influence individuals’ evaluations of abuse in a case of simple assault. Respondents (N = 640 college students) were provided with scenarios of IPV among opposite- and same-sex couples with or without a PO. IPV was more likely to be perceived as abuse when a PO was in effect but less likely to be considered abuse when the couple was gay/lesbian. The IPV incident was most likely to be considered abuse when perpetrated by a heterosexual male and least likely to be considered abuse when perpetrated by a gay male. Female respondents were more likely to consider IPV more abusive when perpetrated by heterosexuals with POs than gay/lesbians with or without a PO. Although male respondents rated IPV between opposite- and same-sex couples with a PO similarly, they were less likely to identify IPV abuse in same-sex conditions when no PO was issued. Current findings emphasize some of the disparities in perceptions of what constitutes abuse among same- and opposite-sex couples.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Research on partner abuse has lagged in much of the world where attention has been on other problems (such as famine and war) and other crimes against women (e.g., honor killings, genital mutilation). We conducted a sweeping review of scholarly articles published in peer-reviewed journals and by government agencies outside of the United States and English-speaking developed nations that provided quantitative data on physical, psychological, and sexual abuse of intimate partners as well as consequences, risk factors, and attitudes. One hundred sixty-two articles reporting on more than 200 studies in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and Europe met the inclusion criteria from various types of samples. Most of the studies reported on female victimization only, but 73 reported on both male and female victimization.We also conducted an analysis of data from our literature review, including 1 major cross-national study, to determine the relationship among prevalence of abuse, social factors, and women’s empowerment. Results indicate that partner abuse is a widespread problem around the world, with multiple causes. Overall prevalence of abuse is higher in Third World countries compared to the United States, and rates for physical and psychological abuse are comparable across gender in most countries when all types of samples are considered. No significant association was found between rates of partner violence (PV) and a nation’s level of human development. However, a significant relationship was found between a nation’s level of gender empowerment and rates of PV by both males and females but only for university dating samples from the International Dating Violence Study (IDVS). In addition, an analysis of the IDVS indicates that efforts by 1 partner to dominate the other are positively correlated with physical abuse perpetration for women, but not for men. Among the limitations of this review was the relatively few numbers of large population studies that ask about both male and female perpetration and victimization and the consequences and context of PV. Implications of the findings include the need for a broader conceptualization of PV as not merely a gender problem but also (and perhaps primarily) a human problem.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
This article uses qualitative data gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 40 women in the United Kingdom who identified as having experienced abuse (physical, sexual, emotional, and/or financial) in a previous same-sex relationship. Participants’ narratives of “life after abuse” are examined through two lenses; the first contributing to understandings of the varied and enduring material, psychological and relational impacts of abuse, and the second offering insights into the cultural values that shape such narratives. Applying Arthur Frank’s (1995) illness narratives, this article argues that narratives emphasizing recovery (“restitution”) or transformation (“quest”) are culturally privileged over a “chaos” narrative. It also proposes a fourth narrative of “active recovery.” The article concludes that recovery from partner abuse is neither a linear process nor one guaranteed to reach an end point. Further research is needed to understand how to better support survivors of partner abuse to move toward recovery.
Collapse
|