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Dolińska E, Wiśniewski P, Pietruska M. Periodontal Molecular Diagnostics: State of Knowledge and Future Prospects for Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12624. [PMID: 39684335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252312624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/23/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis leads to immunologically mediated loss of periodontium and, if untreated, can result in tooth loss. Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent in the world and have a very strong impact on patients' well-being and general health. Their treatment generates enormous costs. Given the above, precise, prompt, and predictive diagnosis of periodontal disease is of paramount importance for clinicians. The aim of the study was to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge of molecular periodontal diagnostics and the utility of its clinical application. There is a great need to have diagnostic tests that not only describe the periodontal destruction that has occurred in the tissues but also allow clinicians to detect disease at a subclinical level before the changes occur. A test that would enable clinicians to follow the course of the disease and detect areas prone to exacerbation could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing periodontal therapies. Unfortunately, there is no such diagnostic method yet. A hopeful prospect is molecular diagnostics. There are numerous studies on biomarkers of periodontal disease. Point-of-care tests are also emerging. There are possibilities for processing large biological datasets (omics data). However, all of the above have a minor role in the overall single-patient diagnostics process. Despite advances in microbiological, molecular, and genetic research, the basis of periodontal diagnosis is still clinical examination enriched by the evaluation of radiological images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dolińska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patryk Wiśniewski
- Student's Research Group at the Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pietruska
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Yang A, Yuan W, Yang L, Lei L, Cao Z, Chen L. Dental Hygienists' Influence on Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavioural of Patients and Effectiveness on Improving Patients' Periodontal Status-Evaluations of a Hospital Based Oral Hygiene Training Program in China. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 39529184 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the possibility of integrating dental hygienists (DHs) into the dental field in China, and investigate its effectiveness on improving patients' knowledge, attitudes, self-care behaviours as well as their periodontal status. METHODS A hospital-based oral hygiene training program was developed at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital's (SRRSH) Dental Clinic with the support of two registered DHs from Loma Linda University in California. A questionnaire evaluating oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours was conducted in patients who visited SRRSH's Dental Clinic. Scores of oral health knowledge and proportions of positive oral health attitudes and favourable self-care behaviours were estimated between patients treated and not treated by DHs (DH group and NDH group). The improvements in patients' periodontal conditions following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) administered by DHs at the Dental Clinic of SRRSH, as assessed through the measurement of periodontal pocket depths and the incidence of bleeding upon probing. RESULTS Patients in DH group exhibited relatively better results in several aspects of oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, compared to those in NDH group. Moreover, NPST performed by DHs significantly improved the periodontal status of the patients, with a remarkably reduction in periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing. CONCLUSIONS Integrating DHs into SRRSH's Dental Clinic showed effectiveness in enhancing patients' oral health knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and succeeded in improving patients' periodontal status. This program demonstrated that incorporating DHs into dental care team is not only practical but also enhances the value of the dental workforce in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Yang
- Dental Clinic of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Yuan
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Nursing Department of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Lei
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Dental Clinic of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dioguardi M, Bizzoca ME, Cantore S, Caloro GA, Musella G, Mastrangelo F, Lo Muzio L, Ballini A. Impact of cerebrovascular stroke on inflammatory periodontal indices: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of case-control studies. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1473744. [PMID: 39512558 PMCID: PMC11540815 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1473744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebrovascular stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is influenced by several modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of inflammation in stroke pathogenesis, with conditions like periodontitis potentially exacerbating this risk. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and quantify the real impact of periodontal disease in individuals with cerebral stroke through the analysis of inflammatory periodontal indices. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing periodontal indices in stroke patients. Data sources included PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, with searches extended to grey literature. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024529767). Studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and TSA software. Results The review included seven case-control studies, comprising 723 stroke patients and 787 controls. Meta-analyses revealed significant differences between stroke and control groups in clinical attachment loss [MD 1.04 mm, 95% CI (0.54, 1.54)], probing pocket depth [MD 0.68 mm, 95% CI (0.31, 10.6)], and radiological bone loss (MD 2.15 mm, 95% CI [-1.58, 5.89]. These findings indicate that stroke patients exhibit worse periodontal health compared to controls, supporting a potential link between periodontal inflammation and stroke. Conclusion This study confirms the significant impact of periodontal disease on stroke patients and highlights the importance of oral health in preventing adverse cerebrovascular events. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024529767).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Cantore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Apollonia Caloro
- Unità Operativa Nefrologia e Dialisi, Presidio Ospedaliero Scorrano, ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) Lecce, Scorrano, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Filiberto Mastrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Fine DH, Schreiner H, Diehl SR. A Rose by Any Other Name: The Long Intricate History of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. Pathogens 2024; 13:849. [PMID: 39452721 PMCID: PMC11510386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the recent World Workshop Consensus Conference (WWCC) decision to eliminate Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAgP) in young adults as a distinct form of periodontitis. A "Consensus" implies widespread, if not unanimous, agreement among participants. However, a significant number of attendees were opposed to the elimination of the LAgP classification. The substantial evidence supporting a unique diagnosis for LAgP includes the (1) incisor/molar pattern of disease, (2) young age of onset, (3) rapid progression of attachment and bone loss, (4) familial aggregation across multiple generations, and (5) defined consortium of microbiological risk factors including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Distinctive clinical signs and symptoms of LAgP are presented, and the microbial subgingival consortia that precede the onset of signs and symptoms are described. Using Bradford-Hill guidelines to assess causation, well-defined longitudinal studies support the unique microbial consortia, including A. actinomycetemcomitans as causative for LAgP. To determine the effects of the WWCC elimination of LAgP on research, we searched three publication databases and discovered a clear decrease in the number of new publications addressing LAgP since the new WWCC classification. The negative effects of the WWCC guidelines on both diagnosis and treatment success are presented. For example, due to the localized nature of LAgP, the practice of averaging mean pocket depth reduction or attachment gain across all teeth masks major changes in disease recovery at high-risk tooth sites. Reinstating LAgP as a distinct disease entity is proposed, and an alternative or additional way of measuring treatment success is recommended based on an assessment of the extension of the time to relapse of subgingival re-infection. The consequences of the translocation of oral microbes to distant anatomical sites due to ignoring relapse frequency are also discussed. Additional questions and future directions are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; (H.S.); (S.R.D.)
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Barbosa De Accioly Mattos M, Bernardo Peixoto C, Geraldo de Castro Amino J, Cortes L, Tura B, Nunn M, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Sansone C. Coronary atherosclerosis and periodontitis have similarities in their clinical presentation. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 4:1324528. [PMID: 38292927 PMCID: PMC10825671 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1324528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis (PE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) possess multiple mechanisms for a putative association. This case-control study compared the periodontal status among CHD subjects to controls without CHD, while also investigating atheroma invasion by known periodontal pathogens. Methods 161 subjects participated in this study were divided into three CHD groups: No CHD, chronic CHD, acute CHD. Additional analysis involved grouping subjects according to number of atheromas: no atheroma, 1-4 atheromas, 5-18 atheromas. Data were collected from medical records, periodontal examinations, and questionnaires that included demographic, behavioral, and oral health variables. Angiographic catheterizations were analyzed according to the number of atheroma lesions, lesion size, lesion location, and atheroma lesion stability. Lipoprotein profile, inflammatory markers and cells were analyzed. The microbiological branch added 30 individuals who had their atheroma lesion and subgingival plaque analyzed using polymerase chain reaction probes against the 16 s region, red complex and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans' DNA. Results Subjects with CHD had high levels of systemic inflammatory markers and low levels of high-density lipoproteins compared to subjects without CHD. Subjects without CHD and clear coronaries had a prevalence of mild CAL, while individuals with more atheroma lesions had advanced CAL and more active PE. Subjects with more advanced CAL were 4 times more likely to have CHD compared to subjects with less, which is comparable to smoking. Only 4 subjects had the screened pathogens detected in atheroma, although these subjects also have the screened pathogens in subgingival plaque. However, 80% of atheromas had bacteria. Conclusions CHD and PE showed similarities in progression while active PE led to more atheroma lesions that also tended to be larger in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Barbosa De Accioly Mattos
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Periodontics, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | | | - Leandro Cortes
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Tura
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martha Nunn
- Department of Biostatistic, Nunn Biostatistical Solutions, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Sansone
- Departamento de Periodontia, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Badewy R, Cardoso E, Glogauer M, Sgro M, Connor KL, Lai JY, Bazinet RP, Tenenbaum HC, Azarpazhooh A. Oral health-related quality of life among women early postpartum: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1475-1484. [PMID: 37326008 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diseases can negatively impact the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of pregnant women. This study investigates the association between maternal oral inflammatory load (OIL), sociodemographic characteristics, and the OHRQoL in postpartum women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, breastfeeding mothers were recruited from St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto within 2-4 weeks postpartum. Mothers were categorized into "Normal/low" and "High" OIL groups based on the absolute counts of oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire was used to assess the impact of the maternal OIL on the OHRQoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between maternal sociodemographic factors including age, marital status, education level, employment status, parity, and their OHRQoL. RESULTS Forty-seven mothers were included in this study. Mothers with high OIL reported higher impact on their OHRQoL (30%) than mothers with normal/low OIL (21%), but these differences were not statistically different. There was a negative relationship between the mother's education level and the extent of impact of OHRQoL on the "physical pain" dimension (p < 0.05), and between the mothers' age and employment status and the "physical disability" dimension (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was noted between multi-parity and the extent of impact of OHRQoL on the "physical disability" dimension (p = 0.009), and between the marital status and the "psychological disability" dimension (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study highlighted the significant impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the OHRQoL of mothers, showcasing the importance of considering these factors when implementing targeted preventive dental care programs for mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Badewy
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Cardoso
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Center for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Sgro
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin L Connor
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Yuan Lai
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Center for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Dentistry, Center for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Khan M, Sharma A, Sharma A, Singh G, Khan S, Ahmad S, Alrashidi AAM, Sherwani S, Mishra H, Alsulimani A. The effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary IL-6 levels in patients with moderate to severe generalized chronic periodontitis. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2981-2986. [PMID: 36869249 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene regulation of IL-6 is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cytokines, bacterial products, viral infection, and activation of the diacylglycerol-, cyclic AMP-, or Ca + + -activated signal transduction pathways. AIM Scaling and root planning (SRP), a non-surgical periodontal therapy, was studied in connection to several clinical parameters for its effect on salivary IL-6 levels in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. METHODS For this study, a total of 60 GCP patients were included. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing percentage (BOP%), and clinical attachment loss were among the clinical indicators covered (CAL). RESULTS Following SRP, mean IL-6 levels in patients with GCP were significantly higher in the pre-treatment group (2.93 5.17 pg/ml; p 0.05) than in the posttreatment group (5.78 8.26 pg/ml; baseline). Pre- and post-treatment IL-6 levels for PI (pre), BOP percent (pre/post), GI (post), and PPD were found to be positively correlated (post). In patients with GCP, the study showed a statistically significant correlation between periodontal metrics and salivary IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Changes in periodontal indices and IL-6 levels that are statistically significant over time indicate that non-surgical treatment is effective, and IL-6 can be regarded as a potent disease activity marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, LLRM Medical College, CCS University Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ananya Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, LLRM Medical College, CCS University Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ganesh Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, LLRM Medical College, CCS University Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of , Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemlata Mishra
- Kailash Hospital, Sector-27, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Aoki A, Mizutani K, Mikami R, Ohsugi Y, Kobayashi H, Akizuki T, Taniguchi Y, Takeuchi Y, Katagiri S, Sasaki Y, Komaki M, Meinzer W, Izumi Y, Iwata T. Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy for residual periodontal pocket treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1187-1199. [PMID: 37015852 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel pocket therapy (Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy [Er-LCPT]) for residual pocket treatment, compared with conventional mechanical treatment alone, in a randomized controlled clinical trial. METHODS Two sites in 18 patients having residual periodontal pockets of ≥5 mm depth, extant following initial active therapy, or during supportive therapy, were randomized into two groups in a split mouth design: the control group received scaling and root planing (SRP) by curette, and the test group received Er-LCPT using curette and laser. With Er-LCPT, after root debridement, inflamed connective tissue on the inner gingival surface and on the bone surface/within extant bone defects was thoroughly debrided. Furthermore, removal of proximate oral epithelium and coagulation of the blood clot in the pocket entrance were performed with laser. Clinical parameters were evaluated, before and after treatment, through 12 months. RESULTS Both groups showed significant improvements in clinical parameters. With Er-LCPT, pocket debridement was thoroughly and safely performed, without any adverse side effects and complications, and favorable healing was observed in most of the cases. At 12 months, Er-LCPT demonstrated significantly higher probing pocket depth reduction (2.78 mm vs. 1.89 mm on average; p = 0.012, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), clinical attachment gain (1.67 mm vs. 1.06 mm; p = 0.004) as primary outcomes, and reduced BOP value (0.89 vs. 0.56; p = 0.031), compared with SRP alone. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that Er-LCPT is more effective for residual pocket treatment, compared with SRP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Akizuki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Taniguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Taniguchi Dental Clinic, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Komaki
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University (KDU), Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Walter Meinzer
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Care Periodontics Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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AlMoharib HS, AlRowis R, AlMubarak A, Waleed Almadhoon H, Ashri N. The Relationship between Matrix Metalloproteinases-8 and peri-implantitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:283-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Alhumaidan AA, Al-Aali KA, Vohra F, Javed F, Abduljabbar T. Comparison of Whole Salivary Cortisol and Interleukin 1-Beta Levels in Light Cigarette-Smokers and Users of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems before and after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11290. [PMID: 36141565 PMCID: PMC9517181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are no studies that have compared whole salivary cortisol (CL) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) levels in cigarette-smokers (CS) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)-users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The aim was to compare whole salivary CL and IL-1β levels in light CS and ENDS users before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Self-reported current CS, ENDS users, and non-smokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. All patients underwent NSPT. Periodontal parameters (probing depth (PD], gingival index (GI], clinical attachment loss (AL], plaque index (PI], and marginal bone loss (MBL]) and whole salivary CL and IL-1β were measured at baseline. At 3-months of follow-up, clinical parameters and whole salivary CL and IL-1β were re-assessed. p-values < 1% were arbitrated as statistically significant. Fifty-four individuals (18 CS, 18 ENDS users, and 18 non-smokers) were included. Clinical AL, MT, PD, PI, and MBL were similar in all groups at baseline. At 12-weeks of follow-up, PI (p < 0.01) and PD (p < 0.01) were high in CS and ENDS-users than non-smokers. Among non-smokers, there was a statistically significant correlation between whole salivary cortisol and IL-1β levels at 12-weeks' follow-up (p < 0.001). There was no difference in whole salivary cortisol and IL-1β levels in CS and ENDS users at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. At 12-weeks of follow-up, there was a significant reduction in IL-1β (p < 0.01) and CL (p < 0.01) than baseline. In light CS and ENDS users without periodontal disease, clinical periodontal parameters and whole-salivary CL and Il-1β levels remain unchanged after NSPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkareem A. Alhumaidan
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud A. Al-Aali
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Costea CA, Christodorescu R, Soancă A, Roman A, Micu IC, Stratul ȘI, Rusu D, Popescu DM, Popa-Wagner A, Bulboacă AE. Periodontitis in Ischemic Stroke Patients: Case Definition Challenges of the New Classification Scheme (2018). J Clin Med 2022; 11:520. [PMID: 35159973 PMCID: PMC8836590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the associative relationships between ischemic stroke (IS) and risk factors such as advanced age and periodontitis is essential to design real screening protocols and to address them using primary and secondary preventive policies. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) case definition in detecting periodontitis against the 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) case definition in a group of IS patients. Secondarily, we report the periodontal status of IS patients and the associative relationship with respect to some risk factors. Patients with their first IS were assessed based on demographic data, medical, oral risk factors and periodontal parameters. The two case definitions were applied to identify the periodontitis burden. The agreement between the two case definition systems, as well as the misclassification ratio, were calculated. A total of 141 patients were included. According to the 2012 CDC/AAP and the 2018 EFP/AAP case definitions, a frequency of periodontitis of 98.5% and 97.8% based on two modalities of inclusion of cases in the severity groups, sensitivity values of 98.54% or 100%, and specificity values of 25% or 14.7% were calculated. Thus, the new case definition system has a higher capacity to detect periodontitis, especially the well-established forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andrada Costea
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Ruxandra Christodorescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Bulevardul Revoluției, No. 12, 300024 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Iulia Cristina Micu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.A.C.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Ștefan Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Anton Sculean Research Center of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Bulevardul Revoluției din 1989, No. 9, 300230 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.I.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, Anton Sculean Research Center of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Bulevardul Revoluției din 1989, No. 9, 300230 Timisoara, Romania; (Ș.I.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Dora Maria Popescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rareș St., No. 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia Center, University of Medicine, Essen, Hufeland St., No. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Experimental Research Center in Normal and Pathological Aging (ARES), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babeș St., No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Karmakar S, Nambiar S, Malothu S, Varkey A, Chandra D, Chava V. Comparison of ozonated olive oil and chlorhexidine gel as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S94-S98. [PMID: 36110593 PMCID: PMC9469280 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_565_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Complete elimination of the pathogenic microorganisms from the gingival sulcus area is the ultimate goal of any periodontal therapy. Certain factors such as anatomical variation of teeth, deep periodontal pocket, and tissue-invading ability of some bacteria decrease the effectiveness of conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP). Hence, antimicrobial agents could be used as an adjunct to SRP, in order to increase the efficacy of it. Although Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the gold standard as an antiplaque agent, it has several drawbacks. Recently, ozone therapy is being tried for the treatment of several diseases in the field of dentistry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of local application of CHX and ozonated olive oil as adjunctive to SRP for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected for this split-mouth randomized controlled trial. The treatment sites from each individual were randomly allocated into two groups. Along with SRP, the local application of CHX and ozonated olive oil was done for the control and test sites, respectively. Pocket probing depth, relative attachment loss, and sulcus bleeding index were measured before and 3 months after the treatment. Intragroup and intergroup differences in the clinical parameters were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. Results: Three months' posttreatment, all the parameters showed significant improvement in both the groups. However, the intergroup comparison failed to be significant statistically. Conclusion: Ozonated olive oil could enhance the outcomes of SRP for the treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Shinde H, Gaddale R, Ilangovan K. Use of saliva aspartate aminotransferase in diagnosing periodontal disease: A clinical and biochemical study. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_90_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Residual periodontal pocket treatment with Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:761-771. [PMID: 34278521 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the application of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser has been increasing in periodontal therapy. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a novel pocket therapy using Er:YAG laser in combination with conventional mechanical scaling and root planing treatment (Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy). METHODS Forty sites in 29 elderly patients having residual periodontal pockets of ≥ 5 mm depth were treated by curette and Er:YAG laser from 2006 to 2009. After root debridement by curette, laser irradiation was performed on the root surfaces. Then, inflamed connective tissue on the inner gingival surface and on the bone surface/within extant bone defects was thoroughly debrided by curette and laser. Furthermore, in most cases, removal of the outer epithelium and coagulation of the blood clot in the pocket entrance were additionally performed with laser. Clinical parameters were evaluated before and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS With Er:YAG laser-assisted pocket therapy, debridement of pockets was thoroughly and safely performed, and favorable clinical improvements were observed in most cases, without any adverse side effects and complications. After 1 year, probing pocket depth significantly decreased from 6.4 ± 1.4 to 3.5 ± 1.3 mm (p < 0.001, 3.0 mm reduction), and clinical attachment level significantly decreased from 7.5 ± 1.6 to 5.2 ± 1.9 mm (p < 0.001, 2.3 mm gain). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that Er:YAG laser-assisted therapy is useful for the treatment of residual pockets as a minimally invasive flapless surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Er:YAG laser-assisted comprehensive pocket therapy reduces the necessity of more conventional surgical therapies.
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A View on Polymerase Chain Reaction as an Outstanding Molecular Diagnostic Technique in Periodontology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9979948. [PMID: 34337068 PMCID: PMC8315861 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9979948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study presents a discussion on the fundamentals of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its use as a diagnostic tool in periodontology. Materials and Methods A computer-aided as well as hand-made search in PubMed and Scopus indexed journals (relevant to the topic) was done by keywords of molecular technique in periodontology, PCR, applications of PCR, and PCR in periodontics. Only the papers in the English language and outlining PCR and its association with periodontology were collected and utilized to provide a succinct review. There was no limitation for publication time. Results The results of our search showed that PCR has turned into a standard in diagnosis in the field of periodontology. A variety of researches has demonstrated that its sensitive, and specific characteristics make it a quick and effective technique of recognition, identification, and quantification of microorganisms. Identification of various immunoinflammatory markers at the mRNA expression level as well as ascertaining gene-related polymorphisms can also be performed. Conclusions The mechanisms of periodontal disease can further become clarified using PCR. Clinical Relevance. PCR as a diagnostic method can play a main part in the validation of the clinical diagnosis of periodontal disease indicating the reason, pathogenesis, clinical steps, progress, and prognosis of the disease.
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Levine M, Lohinai ZM. Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112360. [PMID: 34072136 PMCID: PMC8198195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common, bacterially mediated health problem worldwide. Mastication (chewing) repeatedly traumatizes the gingiva and periodontium, causing traces of inflammatory exudate, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), to appear in crevices between the teeth and gingiva. Inadequate tooth cleaning causes a dentally adherent microbial biofilm composed of commensal salivary bacteria to appear around these crevices where many bacteria grow better on GCF than in saliva. We reported that lysine decarboxylase (Ldc) from Eikenella corrodens depletes the GCF of lysine by converting it to cadaverine and carbon dioxide. Lysine is an amino acid essential for the integrity and continuous renewal of dentally attached epithelium acting as a barrier to microbial products. Unless removed regularly by oral hygiene, bacterial products invade the lysine-deprived dental attachment where they stimulate inflammation that enhances GCF exudation. Cadaverine increases and supports the development of a butyrate-producing microbiome that utilizes the increased GCF substrates to slowly destroy the periodontium (dysbiosis). A long-standing paradox is that acid-induced Ldc and butyrate production support a commensal (probiotic) microbiome in the intestine. Here, we describe how the different physiologies of the respective tissues explain how the different Ldc and butyrate functions impact the progression and control of these two chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Levine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
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Ortigara GB, Mário Ferreira TDG, Tatsch KF, Romito GA, Ardenghi TM, Sfreddo CS, Moreira CHC. The 2018 EFP/AAP periodontitis case classification demonstrates high agreement with the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:886-895. [PMID: 33755241 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the agreement between the 2018 EFP/AAP periodontitis case classification and the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed a population-based sample from a rural area in southern Brazil. A complete periodontal examination was performed at six sites/tooth. The periodontitis case definition was estimated and compared according to the 2018 EFP/AAP classification and the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria (reference). Diagnostic tests included sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS Five hundred and eighty-eight subjects with ≥6 teeth each were included. Based on the 2018 EFP/AAP classification, 71.1% of the subjects were classified as stage III/IV showing 100% agreement with 2012 CDC/AAP criteria for the severe category. For the moderate and severe classification, the 2018 EFP/AAP SN was 99.8% and 100%, SP 13.6% and 43.6%, PPV 83.4% and 47.4%, and NPV 93.7% and 100%, respectively. The AUC was 0.9059 (95% CI = 0.879-0.933) and the optimal cut-off based on the curve was stage III. CONCLUSIONS The 2018 EFP/AAP periodontitis case classification showed high agreement with the 2012 CDC/AAP criteria in a rural sample with high periodontitis occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Barbieri Ortigara
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Finger Tatsch
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Aimetti M, Fratini A, Manavella V, Giraudi M, Citterio F, Ferrarotti F, Mariani GM, Cairo F, Baima G, Romano F. Pocket resolution in regenerative treatment of intrabony defects with papilla preservation techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:843-858. [PMID: 33476402 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically assess the clinical performance of different approaches for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in terms of pocket resolution compared to access surgery with papilla preservation techniques (PPTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to April 2020 to identify RCTs on regenerative treatment [guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with or without biomaterials] of intrabony defects using PPTs. Results were expressed as weighted mean percentages (WMP) or risk ratios of pocket resolution at 12 months (considering both final PD ≤ 3 mm and ≤4 mm). RESULTS A total of 12 RCTs were included. Based on a final PD ≤ 3 mm or PD ≤ 4 mm, the WMP of pocket resolution was 61.4% and 92.1%, respectively. EMD and GTR obtained comparable results. Pairwise meta-analysis identified a greater probability of achieving pocket resolution for GTR compared to PPTs. The number needed to treat for GTR to obtain one extra intrabony defect achieving PD ≤ 3 mm or PD ≤ 4 mm over PPTs was 2 and 4, respectively. CONCLUSION Regenerative surgery represents a viable approach to obtain final PD ≤ 4 mm in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Fratini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Marta Giraudi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrarotti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Mariani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cairo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, Section of Periodontology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Yang D, Jiang C, Ning B, Kong W, Shi Y. The PorX/PorY system is a virulence factor of Porphyromonas gingivalis and mediates the activation of the type IX secretion system. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100574. [PMID: 33757767 PMCID: PMC8050853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PorX/PorY is a two-component system (TCS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis that governs transcription of numerous genes including those encoding a type IX secretion system (T9SS) for gingipain secretion and heme accumulation. Here, an in vitro analysis showed that the response regulator PorX specifically bound to two regions in the promoter of porT, a known PorX-regulated T9SS gene, thus demonstrating that PorX/PorY can directly regulate specific target genes. A truncated PorX protein containing the N-terminal receiver and effector domains retained a wild-type ability in both transcription regulation and heme accumulation, ruling out the role of the C-terminal ALP domain in gene regulation. The PorX/PorY system was the only TCS essential for heme accumulation and concomitantly responded to hemin to stimulate transcription of several known PorX-dependent genes in a concentration-dependent manner. We found that PorX/PorY activated the sigH gene, which encodes a sigma factor known for P. gingivalis adaptation to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Consistently, both ΔporX and ΔsigH mutants were susceptible to H2O2, suggesting a PorX/PorY-σH regulatory cascade to confer resistance to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the ΔporX mutant became susceptible to high hemin levels that could induce oxidative stress. Therefore, a possible reason why hemin activates PorX/PorY is to confer resistance to hemin-induced oxidative stress. We also demonstrated that PorX/PorY was essential for P. gingivalis virulence because the ΔporX mutant was avirulent in a mouse model. Specifically, this TCS was required for the repression of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by dendritic cells and T cells in the P. gingivalis–infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Yang
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Chizhou Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- The Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
| | - Yixin Shi
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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20
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Bachtiar BM, Theodorea CF, Tahapary DL, Astrella C, n/a N, Bachtiar EW. A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform. F1000Res 2021; 10:79. [PMID: 34249333 PMCID: PMC8261760 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28216.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes. Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data. Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Citra F Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Astrella
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Natalina n/a
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Gul SS, Abdulkareem AA, Sha AM, Rawlinson A. Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Fluids Biomarker Profile to Determine the Current and Future Status of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E838. [PMID: 33081038 PMCID: PMC7603129 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe periodontitis is ranked as the sixth most prevalent disease affecting humankind, with an estimated 740 million people affected worldwide. The diagnosis of periodontal diseases mainly relies upon assessment of conventional clinical parameters. However, these parameters reflect past, rather than current, clinical status or future disease progression and, likely, outcome of periodontal treatment. Specific and sensitive biomarkers for periodontal diseases have been examined widely to address these issues and some biomarkers have been translated as point-of-care (PoC) tests. The aim of this review was to provide an update on PoC tests for use in the diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases. Among the PoC tests developed so far, active matrix metalloproteinase-8 has shown promising results in terms of diagnostic and prognostic values. However, further studies are required to increase the sensitivity and specificity via combining more than one biomarker and merging these test kits with periodontal risk assessment tools. Furthermore, the validity of these test kits needs to be investigated by applying the results in further independent studies and the impact on these test kits', together with the results of risk factors for periodontal diseases, such as diabetes and smoking, also needs to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarhang S. Gul
- College of Dentistry, Periodontics Department, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 1124–30, Iraq;
| | - Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
| | - Aram M. Sha
- College of Dentistry, Periodontics Department, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 1124–30, Iraq;
| | - Andrew Rawlinson
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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Liu Y, Duan D, Ma R, Ding Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Zhao L, Xu X. The combined use of salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters to predict the outcome of scaling and root planing: A cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1379-1390. [PMID: 32935363 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the application of the combined use of baseline salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters in predicting the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with advanced periodontitis were included. Baseline saliva samples were analysed for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 and the loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. After SRP, pocket closure and further attachment loss at 6 months post-treatment were chosen as outcome variables. Models to predict the outcomes were established by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The combined use of baseline clinical attachment level (CAL), site location and IL-1β (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.764) better predicted pocket closure than probing depth (AUC = 0.672), CAL (AUC = 0.679), site location (AUC = 0.654) or IL-1β (AUC = 0.579) alone. The combination of site location, tooth loss, percentage of deep pockets, detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia load (AUC = 0.842) better predicted further clinical attachment loss than site location (AUC = 0.715), tooth loss (AUC = 0.530), percentage of deep pockets (AUC = 0.659) or T. forsythia load (AUC = 0.647) alone. CONCLUSION The combination of baseline salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters better predicted SRP outcomes than each alone. The current study indicates the possible usefulness of salivary biomarkers in addition to tooth-related parameters in predicting SRP outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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23
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Penmetsa GS, Bhaskar RU, Mopidevi A. Analysis of Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Before and After Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 11:266-273. [PMID: 33776354 PMCID: PMC7989764 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_650_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Homocysteine (Hcy), an inflammatory biomarker, is a sulfur-containing amino acid. Elevated levels of plasma Hcy are evident in various inflammatory conditions and have been described as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The literature has also stated that a similar association could exist between the chronic periodontitis and plasma-Hcy levels, in otherwise systemically healthy individuals. However, studies on Hcy levels in periodontitis are scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the levels of plasma Hcy in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal, case-control clinical study included a total of 60 patients who were divided into two groups. Periodontal parameters including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline and 12 weeks after periodontal therapy. A high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to measure the Hcy levels. The results were evaluated statistically for intergroup pair-wise comparisons by Mann-Whitney U-test and intragroup comparison by Wilcoxon-matched pairs test. Correlation between the plasma-Hcy levels with other clinical parameters in all groups was done by Spearman's rank correlation method. RESULTS The Hcy was detectable in all the samples. At baseline, the mean levels of plasma Hcy were found to be low in the control group, whereas in the test group, it is found to be higher. These plasma-Hcy levels and all periodontal parameters were reduced significantly after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that plasma-Hcy levels are reduced after nonsurgical periodontal therapy but not to the levels comparable with those found in healthy individuals. Therefore, nonsurgical periodontal therapy may be used as an adjunctive Hcy-lowering therapy, contributing toward primary prevention against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautami S. Penmetsa
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rayapudi Uday Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anudeep Mopidevi
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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24
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Suzuki S, Aoki A, Katagiri S, Maekawa S, Ejiri K, Kong S, Nagata M, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M, Izumi Y. Detection of hepatocyte growth factor in oral rinses using water for possible periodontal diagnosis. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:250-255. [PMID: 32418927 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in oral rinses using water and clinical parameters of periodontitis; and furthermore, to evaluate the potential of a prototype HGF immunochromatographic paper test strip (HGF-TS) for screening of periodontitis, in comparison with a commercially-available occult blood (hemoglobin) test strip (Hb-TS). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and oral rinses were collected, from 125 subjects. Then, the presence of HGF, and hemoglobin (Hb), in each sample was detected using a prototype HGF-TS and an Hb-TS. In addition, the concentrations of HGF and Hb were also determined in each sample is necessary HGF concentrations in oral rinses showed significant correlations with clinical parameters of periodontitis. The positive rate and read value on HGF-TS showed significantly high values in cases of severe periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Hb-TS showed generally higher positive rates than HGF-TS; however, it showed false positive results in healthy subjects. The concentration of HGF in oral rinses showed close association with the severity of periodontitis, suggesting that the prototype HGF-TS has potential for use in the diagnosis of periodontitis, although further refinement of the test strip is required to increase the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kenichiro Ejiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sophannary Kong
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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25
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Heyman O, Horev Y, Koren N, Barel O, Aizenbud I, Aizenbud Y, Brandwein M, Shapira L, Hovav A, Wilensky A. Niche Specific Microbiota-Dependent and Independent Bone Loss around Dental Implants and Teeth. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1092-1101. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034520920577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal homeostasis is achieved by complex immunologic mechanisms, orchestrating host immunity to adapt to the physiologic functions of the various specialized niches in the oral cavity. Dental implants introduce a novel mucosal niche to the immune system to deal with. Nevertheless, the immune mechanisms engaged toward implants and whether they have broader effects are not well defined. Using a murine model, we found an accumulation of neutrophils and RANKL-expressing T and B lymphocytes in the implant-surrounding mucosa, accompanied by local bone loss. Surprisingly, the presence of implants had an impact on remote periodontal sites, as elevated inflammation and accelerated bone loss were detected in intact distant teeth. This was due to microbial dysbiosis induced by the implants, since antibiotic treatment prevented bone loss around teeth. However, antibiotic treatment failed to prevent the loss of implant-supporting bone, highlighting the distinct mechanisms mediating bone loss at each site. Further analysis revealed that implants induced chronic lymphocyte activation and increased mRNA expression of IFN-α and accumulation of IFN-α–producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which we previously reported as bone-destructive immune responses. Collectively, this study demonstrates that implants have a strong and broad impact on oral mucosal homeostasis, inducing periodontal bone loss in a niche-specific manner that is both microbiota dependent and independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y. Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N. Koren
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O. Barel
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I. Aizenbud
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y. Aizenbud
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M. Brandwein
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L. Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A.H. Hovav
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A. Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Ferrarotti F, Giraudi M, Citterio F, Fratini A, Gualini G, Piccoli GM, Mariani GM, Romano F, Aimetti M. Pocket elimination after osseous resective surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:756-767. [PMID: 32145035 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systemically review the available evidence on the clinical performance of osseous resective surgery (ORS) in the treatment of residual periodontal defects in terms of pocket elimination and biological costs in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane) were searched up to January 2019. Clinical trials with a follow-up duration of at least 12 months after ORS with or without fibre retention technique were included. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS Overall, 1,765 studies were retrieved, of which 53 full-text articles were screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of three RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effect meta-analysis showed a weighted mean percentage of pocket elimination (final PD ≤ 4 mm) at 12 months of 98.3% (95% CI: 96.8; 99.7) with I2 of 26%. The weighted mean amount of resected bone was 0.87 mm (95% CI: 0.49; 1.25), and the weighted mean increase in gingival recession was 2.13 mm (95% CI: 1.49; 2.78) at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS ORS represents an effective surgical approach for the elimination of residual periodontal pockets in the short to medium term. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials with data on pocket elimination are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrarotti
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Giraudi
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Citterio
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Fratini
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gualini
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Piccoli
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Mariani
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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27
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Fine DH, Schreiner H, Velusamy SK. Aggregatibacter, A Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of A Bug, And Localization of Disease. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030179. [PMID: 32131551 PMCID: PMC7157720 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the focus of this review, was initially proposed as a microbe directly related to a phenotypically distinct form of periodontitis called localized juvenile periodontitis. At the time, it seemed as if specific microbes were implicated as the cause of distinct forms of disease. Over the years, much has changed. The sense that specific microbes relate to distinct forms of disease has been challenged, as has the sense that distinct forms of periodontitis exist. This review consists of two components. The first part is presented as a detective story where we attempt to determine what role, if any, Aggregatibacter plays as a participant in disease. The second part describes landscape ecology in the context of how the host environment shapes the framework of local microbial dysbiosis. We then conjecture as to how the local host response may limit the damage caused by pathobionts. We propose that the host may overcome the constant barrage of a dysbiotic microbiota by confining it to a local tooth site. We conclude speculating that the host response can confine local damage by restricting bacteremic translocation of members of the oral microbiota to distant organs thus constraining morbidity and mortality of the host.
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28
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He J, Da L, Pan Y, Tan X, Li Z, Luo F, Xie W, Gu D. Association between quantitative analyses of periodontal pathogens and the depth of periodontal pockets. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1764387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan He
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center and Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lyu Da
- Dentistry Section, Department of Stomatology, U-Dental Clinic, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yining Pan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xuanping Tan
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhitian Li
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Feiyue Luo
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Department of Life Science & Health, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, PR China
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29
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Farook FF, Ng KT, MNM N, Koh WJ, Teoh WY. Association of Periodontal Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Several articles have suggested a potential synergistic relationship between periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus. However, the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS population remain unclear in the literature.
Objective:
The primary aim of this review is to examine the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS with different scoring methods, namely clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival index, percentage of bleeding on probing and plaque index.
Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for observational studies and case-control studies from its inception until 2nd June, 2019. Case reports, case series, non-systematic reviews and trials published as abstracts were excluded.
Results:
Four articles (614 subjects) were included for analysis. Out of 614 subjects, 329 PCOS patients were compared to 285 healthy subjects. In comparison to healthy cohort, women with PCOS had a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss (MD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55, ρ=0.002), probing depth (MD: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.48, ρ<0.001), gingival index (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70-1.11, ρ<0.001) and percentage of bleeding on probing (MD: 34.41, 95% CI: 20.23-48.59, ρ<0.001). No difference was demonstrated in plaque index (MD: 0.42, 95% CI: -0.29-1.12, ρ=0.24) for both PCOS and healthy cohort.
Conclusion:
PCOS is significantly associated with a higher severity of the periodontal disease. This association should be emphasized during the management of PCOS patients, by including referral to dentists or periodontists for regular mechanical debridement of plaque and periodontal maintenance.
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30
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Claesson R, Jensen AB, Åberg CH, Haubek D. Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: Clinical Significance of a Pathobiont Subjected to Ample Changes in Classification and Nomenclature. Pathogens 2019; 8:E243. [PMID: 31752205 PMCID: PMC6963667 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Department of Odontology, Division of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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31
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Nibali L, Koidou V, Salomone S, Hamborg T, Allaker R, Ezra R, Zou L, Tsakos G, Gkranias N, Donos N. Minimally invasive non-surgical vs. surgical approach for periodontal intrabony defects: a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:461. [PMID: 31351492 PMCID: PMC6660941 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal intrabony defects are usually treated surgically with the aim of increasing attachment and bone levels and reducing risk of progression. However, recent studies have suggested that a minimally invasive non-surgical therapy (MINST) leads to considerable clinical and radiographic defect depth reductions in intrabony defects. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of a modified MINST approach with a surgical approach (modified minimally invasive surgical therapy, M-MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects. Methods This is a parallel-group, single-centre, examiner-blind non-inferiority randomised controlled trial with a sample size of 66 patients. Inclusion criteria are age 25–70, diagnosis of periodontitis stage III or IV (grades A to C), presence of ≥ 1 ‘intrabony defect’ with probing pocket depth (PPD) > 5 mm and intrabony defect depth ≥ 3 mm. Smokers and patients who received previous periodontal treatment to the study site within the last 12 months will be excluded. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the modified MINST or the M-MIST protocol and will be assessed up to 15 months following initial therapy. The primary outcome of the study is radiographic intrabony defect depth change at 15 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are PPD and clinical attachment level change, inflammatory markers and growth factors in gingival crevicular fluid, bacterial detection, gingival inflammation and healing (as measured by geometric thermal camera imaging in a subset of 10 test and 10 control patients) and patient-reported outcomes. Discussion This study will produce evidence about the clinical efficacy and potential applicability of a modified MINST protocol for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, as a less invasive alternative to the use of surgical procedures. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03797807. Registered on 9 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nibali
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK. .,Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - V Koidou
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - S Salomone
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - T Hamborg
- Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - R Allaker
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - R Ezra
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - L Zou
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - G Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - N Gkranias
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - N Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
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32
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Abbasi ZA, Hadi NI, Zubairi AM, Hosein M. Salivary Interleukin 1-beta levels and clinical periodontal parameters in habitual naswar users and non-users. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:674-679. [PMID: 31258574 PMCID: PMC6572978 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Aim of our study was to assess the expression of salivary Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and clinical periodontal parameters in naswar users and non-users (controls). Methods: Eighty four individuals (forty-two naswar users and forty-two controls) were included in the study which was conducted between August 2017 and May 2018. Salivary IL-1β levels, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was assessed in all the participants. Results: PD of 4mm (p<0.05), PD of 5-6mm (p<0.05), CAL (p<0.001) and levels of salivary IL-1β (p<0.05) were significantly higher among naswar users as compared to controls while PI, BOP and number of missing teeth showed no significant difference among the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Periodontal inflammatory conditions were worse and salivary IL-1β levels were elevated in naswar users as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaeem Arif Abbasi
- Dr. Zaeem Arif Abbasi, BDS., Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Prof. Dr. Naila Irum Hadi, Ph.D., M.Phil, MBBS. Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Murree Road, Satra Mile, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa Zubairi
- Dr. Adnan Mustafa Zubairi, FCPS (Chem Path), DCP, MBBS., Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mervyn Hosein
- Prof. Dr. Mervyn Hosein, FFDRCSI, FDSRCSE, FDSRCS, BDS., Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
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33
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Ammu A, Varma S, Suragimath G, Zope S, Pisal A, Gangavati R. Evaluation And Comparison Of Two Commercially Available Mouthrinses In Reducing Aerolised Bacteria During Ultrasonic Scaling When Used As A Preprocedural Rinse. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.514556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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34
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Poklepovic Pericic T, Worthington HV, Johnson TM, Sambunjak D, Imai P, Clarkson JE, Tugwell P. WITHDRAWN: Interdental brushing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 4:CD009857. [PMID: 31017680 PMCID: PMC6481275 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009857.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective oral hygiene is a crucial factor in maintaining good oral health, which is associated with overall health and health-related quality of life. Dental floss has been used for many years in conjunction with toothbrushing for removing dental plaque in between teeth, however, interdental brushes have been developed which many people find easier to use than floss, providing there is sufficient space between the teeth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of interdental brushing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing alone or toothbrushing and flossing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases, dental plaque and dental caries. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 7 March 2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 2), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 7 March 2013), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 7 March 2013), CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 7 March 2013), LILACS via BIREME (1982 to 7 March 2013), ZETOC Conference Proceedings (1980 to 7 March 2013) and Web of Science Conference Proceedings (1990 to 7 March 2013). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (http://www.controlled-trials.com/mrct/) for ongoing trials to 7 March 2013. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (including split-mouth design, cross-over and cluster-randomised trials) of dentate adult patients. The interventions were a combination of toothbrushing and any interdental brushing procedure compared with toothbrushing only or toothbrushing and flossing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors assessed each of the included studies to confirm eligibility, assessed risk of bias and extracted data using a piloted data extraction form. We calculated standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for continuous outcomes where different scales were used to assess an outcome. We attempted to extract data on adverse effects of interventions. Where data were missing or unclear we attempted to contact study authors to obtain further information. MAIN RESULTS There were seven studies (total 354 participants analysed) included in this review. We assessed one study as being low, three studies as being high and three studies as being at unclear risk of bias. Studies only reported the clinical outcome gingivitis and plaque data, with no studies providing data on many of the outcomes: periodontitis, caries, halitosis and quality of life. Three studies reported that no adverse events were observed or reported during the study. Two other studies provided some data on adverse events but we were unable to pool the data due to lack of detail. Two studies did not report whether adverse events occurred.Interdental brushing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing aloneOnly one high risk of bias study (62 participants in analysis) looked at this comparison and there was very low-quality evidence for a reduction in gingivitis (0 to 4 scale, mean in control): mean difference (MD) 0.53 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.83) and plaque (0 to 5 scale): MD 0.95 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.34) at one month, favouring of use of interdental brushes. This represents a 34% reduction in gingivitis and a 32% reduction in plaque.Interdental brushing in addition to toothbrushing, as compared with toothbrushing and flossingSeven studies provided data showing a reduction in gingivitis in favour of interdental brushing at one month: SMD -0.53 (95% CI -0.81 to -0.24, seven studies, 326 participants, low-quality evidence). This translates to a 52% reduction in gingivitis (Eastman Bleeding Index). Although a high effect size in the same direction was observed at three months (SMD -1.98, 95% CI -5.42 to 1.47, two studies, 107 participants, very low quality), the confidence interval was wide and did not exclude the possibility of no difference. There was insufficient evidence to claim a benefit for either interdental brushing or flossing for reducing plaque (SMD at one month 0.10, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.33, seven studies, 326 participants, low-quality evidence) and insufficient evidence at three months (SMD -2.14, 95% CI -5.25 to 0.97, two studies, 107 participants very low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Only one study looked at whether toothbrushing with interdental brushing was better than toothbrushing alone, and there was very low-quality evidence for a reduction in gingivitis and plaque at one month. There is also low-quality evidence from seven studies that interdental brushing reduces gingivitis when compared with flossing, but these results were only found at one month. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether interdental brushing reduced or increased levels of plaque when compared to flossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Poklepovic Pericic
- School of Medicine, University of SplitCochrane CroatiaSoltanska 2SplitSplitsko‐dalmatinska CountyCroatia21 000
| | - Helen V Worthington
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of ManchesterCochrane Oral HealthCoupland Building 3Oxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Trevor M Johnson
- RCS EnglandFaculty of General Dental Practice (UK)35‐43 Lincoln's Inn FieldsLondonUKWC2A 3PE
| | - Dario Sambunjak
- Catholic University of CroatiaCenter for Evidence‐Based Medicine and Health CareIlica 242ZagrebCroatia10000
| | - Pauline Imai
- MTI Community CollegeHealthcare FacultySuite 2004980 KingswayBurnabyBCCanadaV5H 4K7
| | - Janet E Clarkson
- Dundee Dental School, University of DundeeDivision of Oral Health SciencesPark PlaceDundeeScotlandUKDD1 4HR
| | - Peter Tugwell
- University of OttawaDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineOttawaONCanadaK1H 8M5
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Effectiveness of scaling and root planning with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among cigarette-smokers and never-smokers: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:247-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fonseca RRDS, Alves ACBA, Amanajás TDA, Nogueira BML, Menezes TODA, Siravenha LQ, Pereira DLA, Machado LFA, Gilet LCDS, Menezes SAFD. Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 51:809-812. [PMID: 30517535 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0080-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Quintão Siravenha
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciana Campêlo da Silva Gilet
- Departamento de Odontologia, Centro Especializado de Referência de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Influence of polycystic ovary syndrome on the periodontal health of Indian women visiting a secondary health care centre. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3249-3255. [PMID: 30430337 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal disease and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) share risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, along with evidence of chronic inflammation in the two conditions. Evaluating the influence of PCOS on periodontal health would, therefore, identify a possible association. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty women, divided into equal groups of PCOS and healthy patients, were clinically examined for periodontal parameters like probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (mGI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin (FI), triglycerides (TG), and free testosterone along with serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were the biochemical parameters evaluated. RESULTS Women with PCOS had statistically significant differences in mGI, PI, testosterone, FBS, and TG when compared with healthy women (p < 0.05). MDA levels in serum and GCF between women with PCOS and controls were also significantly different. BOP and mGI showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.45 and 0.44) with serum levels of MDA. Relatively greater gingival inflammation was observed in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls, independent of the risk factors present. CONCLUSION PCOS seemed to have an impact on gingival inflammation, in addition to the effect of dental plaque and other local factors in the oral cavity, in PCOS patients when compared with healthy individuals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Women diagnosed with PCOS may have probabaility of co-existing gingival inflammation. Therefore, emphasis on medical treatment for PCOS and periodic screening for periodontal disease may be warranted.
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Shahi S, Zununi Vahed S, Fathi N, Sharifi S. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: Promising molecular tools in dentistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:983-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pourmoghaddas Z, Meskin M, Sabri M, Norousali Tehrani MH, Najafi T. Dental Caries and Gingival Evaluation in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 30034670 PMCID: PMC6028990 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_401_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental health is one of the most important health burdens of children health. The association between dental health and endocarditis has been already demonstrated, but there is controversy about different frequency of dental caries, periodontitis, and saliva microorganism in comparison to healthy population and children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). In this study, we evaluated these differences. Methods Seventy-six healthy children and 68 CHD patients were enrolled in the present case-control study. Dental decay, periodontitis, oral microorganisms, serum calcium, phosphorus, and frequency of carbohydrate and protein consumption of all participants were evaluated by standards method. Results CHD patients experienced more periodontitis, but the difference was not significant (0.12 vs. 0.09, P = 0.2). In healthy children, the mean saliva colony counts of Streptococcus mutans were more significant (50639 ± 3324 vs. 35285 ± 27226, P = 0.03), which was diminished by adjusting the carbohydrate consumption. The mean colony count of Lactobacilli in children with CHD was nonsignificant higher than healthy children (P = 0.3). Conclusions Pediatric patients with CHD experience insignificantly higher dental decay, periodontitis, and saliva Lactobacilli colony counts. The frequency of decayed tooth and gingival diseases in healthy children is high, and hence, more dental care attention in our health system is needed for healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pourmoghaddas
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Meskin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sabri
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Haj Norousali Tehrani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Najafi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rams TE, Listgarten MA, Slots J. Radiographic alveolar bone morphology and progressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 89:424-430. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Temple University School of Dentistry; Philadelphia PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA
| | - Max A. Listgarten
- Department of Periodontics; University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine; Philadelphia PA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Division of Periodontology; Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene; University of Southern California School of Dentistry; Los Angeles CA
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Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Mardas N, Leow N, Donos N. Surgical treatment of the residual periodontal pocket. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:150-163. [PMID: 29193404 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to prevent further disease progression in order to reduce the risk of tooth loss. This objective can be achieved through a number of therapeutic modalities comprising both the nonsurgical and surgical phases of periodontal therapy. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment has been shown to control periodontal infection and to arrest progression of the disease in a significant number of cases. However, despite completion of nonsurgical treatment, a number of periodontal pockets, defined as 'residual', often remain. The presence of residual pockets may jeopardize tooth survival and be a risk factor of further disease progression, and ultimately tooth loss. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the knowledge available on the indications for and the performance of periodontal surgical treatment of residual pockets in terms of 'traditional' (clinical, microbiological), patient-based and systemic health outcomes.
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Makkawi H, Hoch S, Burns E, Hosur K, Hajishengallis G, Kirschning CJ, Nussbaum G. Porphyromonas gingivalis Stimulates TLR2-PI3K Signaling to Escape Immune Clearance and Induce Bone Resorption Independently of MyD88. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:359. [PMID: 28848717 PMCID: PMC5550410 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic periodontal pathogen that persists in dysbiotic mixed-species biofilms alongside a dense inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils and other leukocytes in the subgingival areas of the periodontium. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates the inflammatory response to P. gingivalis and TLR2-deficient mice resist alveolar bone resorption following oral challenge with this organism. Although, MyD88 is an adaptor protein considered necessary for TLR2-induced inflammation, we now report for the first time that oral challenge with P. gingivalis leads to alveolar bone resorption in the absence of MyD88. Indeed, in contrast to prototypical TLR2 agonists, such as the lipopeptide Pam3CSK4 that activates TLR2 in a strictly MyD88-dependent manner, P. gingivalis strikingly induced TLR2 signaling in neutrophils and macrophages regardless of the presence or absence of MyD88. Moreover, genetic or antibody-mediated inactivation of TLR2 completely reduced cytokine production in P. gingivalis-stimulated neutrophils or macrophages, suggesting that TLR2 plays a non-redundant role in the host response to P. gingivalis. In the absence of MyD88, inflammatory TLR2 signaling in P. gingivalis-stimulated neutrophils or macrophages depended upon PI3K. Intriguingly, TLR2-PI3K signaling was also critical to P. gingivalis evasion of killing by macrophages, since their ability to phagocytose this pathogen was reduced in a TLR2 and PI3K-dependent manner. Moreover, within those cells that did phagocytose bacteria, TLR2-PI3K signaling blocked phago-lysosomal maturation, thereby revealing a novel mechanism whereby P. gingivalis can enhance its intracellular survival. Therefore, P. gingivalis uncouples inflammation from bactericidal activity by substituting TLR2-PI3K in place of TLR2-MyD88 signaling. These findings further support the role of P. gingivalis as a keystone pathogen, which manipulates the host inflammatory response in a way that promotes bone loss but not bacterial clearance. Modulation of these host response factors may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in disease conditions associated with P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Makkawi
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental MedicineJerusalem, Israel
| | - Shifra Hoch
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental MedicineJerusalem, Israel
| | - Elia Burns
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental MedicineJerusalem, Israel
| | - Kavita Hosur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental MedicineJerusalem, Israel
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Román-Malo L, Bullon P. Influence of the Periodontal Disease, the Most Prevalent Inflammatory Event, in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Linking Nutrition and Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071438. [PMID: 28678155 PMCID: PMC5535929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is considered one of the main pathologic diseases occurring in humans. Its pathologic process involves inflammatory reactions producing periodontal bone resorption and the tooth loss. But some patients do not present an evident clinical inflammation with bone resorption, and in others, the inflammation is prominent without bone resorption. A key question could be to investigate a different way of responding to aggression. Inflammation requires a complex intracellular metabolic process, starting with the harmful recognition and activation of the inflammasome, continues the energy supply with the alteration of oxidative stress conditions, and finishes with the elimination of the aggression with autophagy/apoptosis mechanisms, then concludes with recovery. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are essential molecules produced in inflammation, and its genes and its activation have been related to periodontal disease. Also, an important aspect is the influence of PPARs in bone metabolism; the main periodontitis symptom is bone loss and PPARγ activation that can downregulate the bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, PPARγ-coated titanium dental implant surfaces could carry the antiinflammatory gene and restrain inflammation. PPARs could be one of the meeting background points with atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome showing a modified proinflammatory statement such as it is described in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Román-Malo
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - Pedro Bullon
- Laboratorio de Investigacion, Departamento de Estomatologia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
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Oh H, Hirano J, Takai H, Ogata Y. Effects of initial periodontal therapy on interleukin-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid and clinical periodontal parameters. J Oral Sci 2017; 57:67-71. [PMID: 26062853 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines may have important roles in periodontitis. We assessed the effects of initial periodontal therapy on clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. After initial screening, baseline periodontal parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. GCF samples were collected from 13 shallow (≤3 mm) and deep (≥5 mm) PPD sites from 13 CP patients, and GCF volume and IL-1β concentration were determined at baseline (before scaling and root planning) and at 2 and 4 months after initial therapy. Baseline BOP rate, GCF volume, and IL-1β level were significantly higher at deep PPD sites than at shallow PPD sites. Significant improvements in PPD and BOP were observed at 2 and 4 months after periodontal initial therapy in deep PPD sites only. In contrast, GCF volume and IL-1β concentration were lower at 2 and 4 months after initial therapy at all sites. These results suggest that GCF volume and IL-1β level in samples reflect disease severity and that these variables are better than PPD and BOP as markers of gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Oh
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Duhoo Y, Roche J, Trinh TTN, Desmyter A, Gaubert A, Kellenberger C, Cambillau C, Roussel A, Leone P. Camelid nanobodies used as crystallization chaperones for different constructs of PorM, a component of the type IX secretion system from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:286-293. [PMID: 28471361 PMCID: PMC5417319 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17005969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PorM is a membrane protein that is involved in the assembly of the type IX secretion system (T9SS) in Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major bacterial pathogen that is responsible for periodontal disease in humans. In the context of structural studies of PorM to better understand T9SS assembly, four camelid nanobodies were selected, produced and purified, and their specific interaction with the N-terminal or C-terminal part of the periplasmic domain of PorM was investigated. Diffracting crystals were also obtained, and the structures of the four nanobodies were solved by molecular replacement. Furthermore, two nanobodies were used as crystallization chaperones and turned out to be valuable tools in the structure-determination process of the periplasmic domain of PorM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Duhoo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Jennifer Roche
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Thi Trang Nhung Trinh
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Aline Desmyter
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Gaubert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Roussel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Leone
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, Marseille, France
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Singh N, Chandel S, Singh H, Agrawal A, Savitha AN. Effect of scaling & root planing on the activity of ALP in GCF & serum of patients with gingivitis, chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A comparative study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2017; 7:123-126. [PMID: 28706787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Host response and environmental factors are known to modify periodontal status adversely. Presently serum, saliva, and GCF are being investigated for its biochemical constituents. GCF contains array of biochemical factors, offering potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker of the biologic state of the periodontium in health and disease. Alkaline phosphatase is produced locally in the periodontium and shows positive correlation with disease activity and PD. Present study was designed to analyze the levels of ALP in GCF and serum of patients with gingivitis, chronic & aggressive periodontitis before and after SRP & to compare the difference within the study groups. METHODS OPD patients grouped into: Gingivitis, Aggressive periodontitis & chronic periodontitis patients. Clinical parameters recorded for each patient prior to therapy. Pooled GCF samples collected using micro capillary tubes from the deepest pocket sites for each patient and stored at -70° C. Serum samples also collected and stored at -20° C. Each patient was subjected to scaling and root planing with two weeks maintenance recall. After 6 to 8 weeks GCF and serum samples collected again and all clinical parameters rerecorded. GCF and serum samples analyzed for levels of ALP by using para nitro phenol assay for the three groups. RESULTS ALP levels in GCF increased significantly during active phase of disease followed by statistically significant reduction after phase I therapy. Baseline levels of ALP in GCF was CP > AP > G with maximum reduction in GCF ALP after SRP in G > CP > AP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Career Dental College & Hospital, UP, India
| | | | - Harmurti Singh
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Career Dental College & Hospital, UP, India
| | | | - A N Savitha
- Department of Periodontics, Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Validity of a New Kit Measuring Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level for Screening Gingivitis. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:9547956. [PMID: 28337048 PMCID: PMC5346391 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9547956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of a new kit that can evaluate salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LD) level in real time for screening gingivitis. Materials and Methods. The study included 70 systemic healthy volunteers [29 males and 41 females; mean age ± SD: 24.1 ± 2.6 years]. Resting saliva was collected from each participant and LD level was evaluated in real time using the kit (a color-changing sheet with an integer scale ranging from 1 to 10). A dentist measured probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the proportion of sites with bleeding on probing (% BOP) at six sites on all teeth. Gingivitis was diagnosed when the BOP value was ≥20%. Results. Salivary LD level was positively correlated with mean % BOP (odds ratio: 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.132–1.916, and P < 0.001) in a logistic regression model. The sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 0.89 and 0.98, respectively, at a cut-off value of 8.0 for LD level. Conclusions. The new kit for measurement of salivary LD level may be a useful tool to screen for gingivitis in young adults, which contributes to early detection of future periodontitis.
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Nazar Majeed Z, Philip K, Alabsi AM, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D. Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1804727. [PMID: 28074077 PMCID: PMC5198140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Nazar Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. M. Alabsi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Pushparajan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dasan Swaminathan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fisher MA, Taylor GW, Tilashalski KR. Smokeless Tobacco and Severe Active Periodontal Disease, NHANES III. J Dent Res 2016; 84:705-10. [PMID: 16040726 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal disease, the role of smokeless tobacco is unclear. The purpose of this US population-based study of 12,932 adults participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was to evaluate the association between smokeless tobacco use and severe active periodontal disease. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression modeling quantified the associations between tobacco use and severe active periodontal disease. All adults and never-smokers who currently used smokeless tobacco were twice as likely to have severe active periodontal disease at any site [respective odds ratios (ORAdj) and 95% confidence intervals: ORAdj = 2.1; 1.2–3.7 and ORAdj = 2.1; 1.0–4.4] or restricted to any interproximal site [respective ORAdj = 2.1; 1.0–4.2 and ORAdj = 2.3; 0.9–6.3], simultaneously adjusted for smoking, age, race, gender, diabetes, and having a dental visit in the past year. These results indicate that smokeless tobacco may also be an important risk factor for severe active periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fisher
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, SDB 219, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA.
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