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Abdul-Wahab GA, Alwan AM, Al-Karawi SI. Evaluation of Serum Interleukin-33 Level in Iraqi Patients with and without Periodontal Disease. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:201-207. [PMID: 38854628 PMCID: PMC11162615 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s464951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory illness characterized by periodic tissue support deterioration. Interleukin-33 has recently been discovered as a new pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The objective of this case control study is to compare IL-33 levels among periodontitis patients and healthy volunteers using serum samples and investigate the potential association with clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods A total of 100 subjects (50 patients with periodontal disease and 50 healthy individuals) were included in this case control study. Clinical plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. Serum was extracted from the venous blood that was collected. Serum IL-33 values were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum levels of interleukin-33 showed considerably elevated level in the patient's group than in the healthy control group (P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between the blood levels of IL-33 and PLI, GI, and BOP (P≤ 0.05). While PPD and CAL demonstrated a non-significant relationship (P˃0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggested that IL-33 may be used as a potential indicator of the inflammation associated with periodontitis and might have a role in the development of the disease. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to improve knowledge about the role of IL-33 in periodontal health and disease. Clinical Significance Owing to the noticeable role that IL-33 plays in the pathogenicity of periodontitis as a local waring clue for the periodontal tissue breakdown, tissue-specific therapeutic strategies may improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasaq Asim Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alyamama Mahmood Alwan
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sarah Ihsan Al-Karawi
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Yilmaz M, He Q, Demir E, Teräsjärvi J, Gürsoy UK. Salivary IL-33 and sST2 levels in relation to TLR2 rs111200466 polymorphism and periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2254-2261. [PMID: 37427857 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) signalling pathway is involved in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-33 and its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2). This study aimed to compare salivary IL-33 and soluble ST2 (sST2) levels of periodontitis patients with those of periodontally healthy individuals in relation to their TLR2 rs111200466 23-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism within the promoter region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and periodontal parameters were recorded from 35 periodontally healthy individuals and 44 periodontitis patients. Non-surgical treatments were applied to periodontitis patients, and sample collections and clinical measurements were repeated 3 months following therapy. Salivary IL-33 and sST2 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and TLR2 rs111200466 polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Elevated salivary IL-33 (p = 0.007) and sST2 (p = 0.020) levels were observed in periodontitis patients, in comparison to controls. sST2 levels declined 3-months following treatment (p < 0.001). Increased salivary IL-33 and sST2 levels were found to be associated with periodontitis, with no significant relation to the TLR2 polymorphism. CONCLUSION Periodontitis, but not TLR2 rs111200466 polymorphism, is associated with elevated salivary sST2 and possibly IL-33 levels, and periodontal treatment is effective in reducing salivary sST2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esra Demir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Johanna Teräsjärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Liu A, Hayashi M, Ohsugi Y, Katagiri S, Akira S, Iwata T, Nakashima T. The IL-33/ST2 axis is protective against acute inflammation during the course of periodontitis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2707. [PMID: 38548743 PMCID: PMC10978877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is induced by repeated bacterial invasion and the ensuing immune reactions that follow, is the leading cause of tooth loss. Periodontal tissue is comprised of four different components, each with potential role in pathogenesis, however, most studies on immune responses focus on gingival tissue. Here, we present a modified ligature-induced periodontitis model in male mice to analyze the pathogenesis, which captures the complexity of periodontal tissue. We find that the inflammatory response in the peri-root tissues and the expression of IL-6 and RANKL by Thy-1.2- fibroblasts/stromal cells are prominent throughout the bone destruction phase, and present already at an early stage. The initiation phase is characterized by high levels of ST2 (encoded by Il1rl1) expression in the peri-root tissue, suggesting that the IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in the pathogenesis. Both Il1rl1- and Il33-deficient mice exhibit exacerbated bone loss in the acute phase of periodontitis, along with macrophage polarization towards a classically activated phenotype and increased neutrophil infiltration, indicating a protective role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in acute inflammation. Thus, our findings highlight the hidden role of the peri-root tissue and simultaneously advance our understanding of the etiology of periodontitis via implicating the IL-33/ST2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhao Liu
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Mikihito Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, IFReC,Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakashima
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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4
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Wang M, Gao M, Yi Z. Biological effects of IL-33/ST2 axis on oral diseases: autoimmune diseases and periodontal diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110524. [PMID: 37393839 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is a relatively new member of the IL-1 cytokine family, which plays a unique role in autoimmune diseases, particularly some oral diseases dominated by immune factors. The IL-33/ST2 axis is the main pathway by which IL-33 signals affect downstream cells to produce an inflammatory response or tissue repair. As a newly discovered pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-33 can participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune oral diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome and Behcet's disease. Moreover, the IL-33/ST2 axis also recruits and activates mast cells in periodontitis, producing inflammatory chemokines and mediating gingival inflammation and alveolar bone destruction. Interestingly, the high expression of IL-33 in the alveolar bone, which exhibits anti-osteoclast effects under appropriate mechanical loading, also confirms its dual role of destruction and repair in an immune-mediated periodontal environment. This study reviewed the biological effects of IL-33 in autoimmune oral diseases, periodontitis and periodontal bone metabolism, and elaborated its potential role and impact as a disease enhancer or a repair factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingcen Gao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Yi
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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5
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Ozgur E, Topcu DI, Bayraktar N, Alptekin NO. Peri-implant crevicular fluid and serum levels of soluble ST2 in peri-implant diseases: A pilot study. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:204-211. [PMID: 36504319 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a current biomarker of cardiovascular disease. It is used to predict susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and to analyze their prognosis. Serum sST2 level increases in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. However, the level of sST2 in peri-implant diseases and crevicular fluid has not been investigated yet. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to analyze the level of sST2 in peri-implant health and diseases. METHODS Sixty-nine participants were divided into 3 groups as peri-implant health (PH), peri-implant mucositis (PM), and peri-implantitis (P-I). Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and serum samples were collected from each participant. The levels of sST2 and IL-6 in PICF and sST2, IL-6, and CRP in serum were compared between the groups. Pocket depth (PD), modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), keratinized mucosa index (KTW), and gingival/mucosal recession (REC) were recorded as clinical parameters. Biomarkers in the serum and PICF were analyzed by ELISA kit. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were included in the study. The differences in the following parameters were statistically significant between groups: age (p = .009), implant function time (p = .027), PD (p < .001), mBI (p < .001), mPI (p < .001), and KTW (p = .043). The PICF volume of P-I and PM groups were statistically higher than PH (p < .001). The amount of sST2 in P-I and PM groups were higher than PH (p = .043). Serum CRP was higher in the P-I group than in other groups (p = .034). There were no significant differences in serum sST2 (p = .247) and IL-6 (p = .110) levels between groups. CONCLUSION The PICF levels of sST2 were significantly higher in PM and P-I groups compared to the healthy group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of serum sST2 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Ozgur
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ilhan Topcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Ozlem Alptekin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Gard AL, Luu RJ, Maloney R, Cooper MH, Cain BP, Azizgolshani H, Isenberg BC, Borenstein JT, Ong J, Charest JL, Vedula EM. A high-throughput, 28-day, microfluidic model of gingival tissue inflammation and recovery. Commun Biol 2023; 6:92. [PMID: 36690695 PMCID: PMC9870913 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of American adults suffer from gum disease, including mild inflammation of gingival tissue, known as gingivitis. Currently, advances in therapeutic treatments are hampered by a lack of mechanistic understanding of disease progression in physiologically relevant vascularized tissues. To address this, we present a high-throughput microfluidic organ-on-chip model of human gingival tissue containing keratinocytes, fibroblast and endothelial cells. We show the triculture model exhibits physiological tissue structure, mucosal barrier formation, and protein biomarker expression and secretion over several weeks. Through inflammatory cytokine administration, we demonstrate the induction of inflammation measured by changes in barrier function and cytokine secretion. These states of inflammation are induced at various time points within a stable culture window, providing a robust platform for evaluation of therapeutic agents. These data reveal that the administration of specific small molecule inhibitors mitigates the inflammatory response and enables tissue recovery, providing an opportunity for identification of new therapeutic targets for gum disease with the potential to facilitate relevant preclinical drug efficacy and toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Maloney
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian P Cain
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jane Ong
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Else M Vedula
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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SELMAN AE, GÖRGÜLÜ NG, DOĞAN B. Salivary Levels of IL-21 as a Potential Marker of Stage III Grade C Periodontitis. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.989487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Gupta S, Dogra S, Chahal GS, Prashar S, Singh AP, Gupta M. Psoriasis and Periodontitis: Exploring an association or lack thereof. Indian Dermatol Online J 2021; 12:281-284. [PMID: 33959525 PMCID: PMC8088189 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_445_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, non-communicable skin disease with no clear etiology or cure. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition which is now known to significantly influence various systemic diseases as an established risk factor. This study aimed at comparatively evaluating the periodontal status of Psoriatic patients vis. a vis. that of age and gender matched systemically healthy volunteers. An attempt was also made to explore a possible association, if any, amongst the two diseases. Materials and Methods: Forty two residents of Chandigarh, suffering from Psoriasis and attending the Psoriasis Clinic of Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh were recruited over a period of 10 months (Case group) and their periodontal status was compared with forty two age and gender matched systemically healthy volunteers (Control group) randomly selected from the Out Patient Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, India. Their serum IL-33 levels were evaluated and compared in an attempt to identify an underlying common pathological pathway. Results: The periodontal status was comparable in the two groups in terms of the debris index (p = 0.932), calculus index (p = 0.088), plaque index (p = 0.097), and mean clinical attachment loss (p = 0.401). A higher bleeding points index was recorded amongst healthy individuals as compared to the Psoriasis group, the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). The mean number of teeth were more in the Psoriasis group as compared to the healthy group (p=0.034). IL 33 levels were also not significantly different (p = 0.491). Conclusion: Contrary to currently available evidence in literature, the study did not find a statistically significant association between Psoriasis and Inflammatory Periodontal Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Gupta
- Unit of Periodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Dogra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurparkash Singh Chahal
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita Prashar
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Angadveer Pal Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mili Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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9
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC, Darby IB, O'Brien-Simpson NM. A review of T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis. Cytokine 2020; 138:155340. [PMID: 33144024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying immunopathology. Cytokines, as molecular mediators of inflammation, play a role in all stages of disease progression. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are thought to play a role in periodontitis. Th17 cell development and maintenance requires a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, with many of the cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Serum and saliva are easily accessible biofluids which can represent the systemic and local environment to promote the development of Th17 cells. Here we review human clinical studies that investigate IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum and saliva in periodontitis. We highlight their putative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and place them within a wider context of animal and other clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Lance Townsend Building, Level 8, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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10
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, Darby IB, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC. T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva during management of periodontitis. Cytokine 2020; 134:155186. [PMID: 32717609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM T helper (Th)17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study investigated the effect of periodontal management on fifteen Th17-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontal parameters, serum and saliva were collected from 40 healthy controls and 54 periodontitis subjects before treatment, and 3-, 6- and 12-months post-treatment. Cytokine concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α were determined by Luminex assay. RESULTS IL-1β, IL-6, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-25 and IL-31 in saliva were significantly higher at baseline compared to health and decreased with treatment. In contrast, serum IL-31 was significantly lower at baseline compared to health and increased with treatment. In addition, salivary IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, IL-33, IFN-γ and TNF-α also displayed treatment-related reduction. Correlation networks showed that cytokines in saliva displayed a higher number of correlations compared to serum in periodontitis. CONCLUSION Treatment generally decreased cytokine concentrations except for serum IL-31 which showed a treatment-related increase. Serum cytokine concentrations may not be reflective of salivary cytokines. Saliva may be a better medium for cytokine detection compared to serum. Serum IL-31 and salivary IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were significant predictors for mean probing depth and may be potential biomarkers of interest in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Austin Hospital, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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11
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Pai B S, Pradeep AR. Correlations between Interleukin-33 and -1α Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma in Patients with Chronic or Aggressive Periodontitis and Disease-free Subjects. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2019; 60:279-289. [PMID: 31761881 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a dual-function protein that may play important roles as both a cytokine and intracellular nuclear factor. It may also function similarly to prototypical alarmin IL-1α, as an endogenous danger signal to alert innate immune system cells to tissue damage during trauma or infection, as it can be released in the extracellular space after endothelial cell damage or mechanical injury. The aim of this study was to determine possible correlations between concentrations of IL-33 and IL-1α in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma obtained from healthy patients, those with chronic periodontitis (CP), and those with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients. Forty-five patients with an age range of 20-60 years were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: Group H, 30 samples (15 GCF and 15 plasma) from 15 patients with healthy periodontium; Group CP, 30 samples from 15 patients with CP; and Group GAP, 30 samples from 15 patients with GAP. The clinical periodontal parameters investigated in all groups comprised the gingival index score, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. The GCF and plasma levels of IL-33 and IL-1α were quantitated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mean IL-33 concentrations in GCF and plasma were highest in Group GAP, followed by Group CP, with the lowest in Group H; the difference among them was statistically significant (p<0.05). Concentration of IL-1α followed the same trend as that of IL-33 in GCF, but was lower than detection levels in plasma. The GCF and plasma concentrations of IL-33 correlated with IL-1α concentrations in GCF. Concentrations of IL-33 and IL-1α in GCF varied significantly between healthy patients and those with disease, allowing healthy patients to be distinguished from those with GAP or CP. The results of this study suggest that IL-33 offers a potential inflammatory marker of periodontal disease, similar to IL-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A R Pradeep
- Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute.,Department of Periodontology, The Oxford Dental College
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12
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Pan W, Wang Q, Chen Q. The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:30. [PMID: 31685798 PMCID: PMC6828663 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local inflammation, over-activation of the host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on the cytokine network involved in periodontitis and its crucial and pleiotropic effect on the recruitment of specific immunocytes, control of pathobionts and induction or suppression of osteoclastic activity. Nonetheless, particularities in the stimulation of pathogens in the oral cavity that lead to the specific and complex periodontal cytokine network are far from clarified. Thus, in this review, we begin with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response. In addition, we also summarize the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Gegen T, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Hou B. Role of interleukin-33 in the clinical pathogenesis of chronic apical periodontitis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3332-3343. [PMID: 31218936 PMCID: PMC6683938 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519854630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated interleukin (IL)-33 expression in chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions and possible relationships with receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Methods Inflammatory cell infiltration in CAP lesions and samples of healthy periapical tissue (n = 30 each) was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. IL-33, RANKL, and OPG expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. In CAP lesions alone, relationships between mRNA level of IL-33 and mRNA levels of both RANKL and OPG were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results Histological analysis revealed a large number of inflammatory cells in CAP lesions, and immunohistochemistry revealed IL-33-positive cells. There were more IL-33- and RANKL-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue, whereas there were fewer OPG-positive cells in CAP lesions than in healthy periapical tissue. In CAP lesions alone, IL-33 mRNA level was negatively correlated with mRNA level of RANKL and positively correlated with mRNA level of OPG. Conclusions IL-33 is highly expressed in CAP lesions, where it is negatively correlated with RANKL and positively correlated with OPG expression. IL-33 may protect against bone resorption via RANKL suppression and OPG induction, and constitutes a potential target for CAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tana Gegen
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qinnuan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Benxiang Hou, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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14
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Wang DK, Liao GQ. [Relationship between interleukins in the saliva and oral cavity cancer]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:325-330. [PMID: 29984937 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is being attached great importance for its application in illness diagnosis and have more advantage on the diagnose in oral cavity cancer (OCC). Studies have showed that interleukin (IL) in the saliva could be used as a potential biomarker for OCC diagnosis. Moreover, they have a close connection with tumor genesis, invasion, and metastasis in OCC. Therefore, we reviewed research progress on the relationship between salivary interleukins and OCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Kan Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Gui-Qing Liao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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15
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Rodrigues WF, Miguel CB, Mendes NS, Freire Oliveira CJ, Ueira-Vieira C. Association between pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-33 and periodontal disease in the elderly: A retrospective study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2017; 21:4-9. [PMID: 29386793 PMCID: PMC5767989 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_178_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Senescence is a multifactorial process that in humans may be accompanied by inflammation and immune dysfunction in the oral cavity. Notably, periodontal disease, considered one of the most common inflammatory disorders in the oral cavity, has also been linked to the onset of other chronic inflammatory diseases common in the elderly. Thus, investigating immunity and inflammation during senescence may not only illuminate the pathophysiology of periodontal disease, but also identify new therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: To this end, we retrospectively and systematically reviewed studies of immune molecules associated with periodontal disease. These studies were identified in PubMed from three independent searches based on distinct sets of search terms. Results: The data highlight the need to further investigate inflammatory molecules involved in chronic periodontal disease in the elderly, but strongly suggest that interleukin (IL)-33 is involved. Indeed, various genetic and environmental factors appear to contribute to pathogenesis via IL-33. Conclusion: The IL-33 axis may be promising therapeutic target in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.,Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Botelho Miguel
- Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.,Morphofunctional Laboratory, University Center of Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Mineiros, GO, Brazil
| | - Niege Silva Mendes
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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16
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Nazar Majeed Z, Philip K, Alabsi AM, Pushparajan S, Swaminathan D. Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:1804727. [PMID: 28074077 PMCID: PMC5198140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1804727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages. Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique. Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis. Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease. Conclusion. IL-1β can be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Nazar Majeed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Koshy Philip
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A. M. Alabsi
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravanan Pushparajan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dasan Swaminathan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Clinical periodontal status and inflammatory cytokines in gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Increased levels of interleukin-33 in gingival crevicular fluids of patients with chronic periodontitis. Odontology 2016; 105:184-190. [PMID: 27363844 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this clinical study is to comparatively investigate the interleukin-33 (IL-33) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and plasma of patients with periodontal disease as well as periodontally healthy subjects and the association between these levels and clinical parameters. GCF, saliva and plasma samples were collected from systemically healthy, non-smoker chronic periodontitis patients (CP group, n = 20), gingivitis patients (G group, n = 20) and periodontally healthy control groups (H group, n = 20). Full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters were also recorded. IL-33 levels were determined by ELISA. The total amount of GCF IL-33 was greater in the G and CP groups compared to the H group (p < 0.05). The GCF IL-33 concentration was significantly lower in the CP group than in the H and G groups (p < 0.001). Salivary or plasma IL-33 levels were similar in the study groups. The total amount of GCF IL-33 was positively correlated with the GI, PI and BOP (%) (p < 0.05). Considering the present findings, the increase in total amounts of GCF IL-33 may have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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19
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Carvalho-Filho PC, Gomes-Filho IS, Meyer R, Olczak T, Xavier MT, Trindade SC. Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis HmuY in Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7465852. [PMID: 27403039 PMCID: PMC4925967 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7465852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, with participation of bacterial, environmental, and host factors. It results from synergistic and dysbiotic multispecies microorganisms, critical "keystone pathogens," affecting the whole bacterial community. The purpose of this study was to review the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the immunopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, with special attention paid to HmuY. The host response during periodontitis involves the innate and adaptive immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. In this proinflammatory process, the ability of P. gingivalis to evade the host immune response and access nutrients in the microenvironment is directly related to its survival, proliferation, and infection. Furthermore, heme is an essential nutrient for development of these bacteria, and HmuY is responsible for its capture from host heme-binding proteins. The inflammatory potential of P. gingivalis HmuY has been shown, including induction of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and CCL2, decreased levels of IL-8, and increased levels of anti-HmuY IgG and IgG1 antibodies in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, the HmuY protein might be a promising target for therapeutic strategies and for development of diagnostic methods in chronic periodontitis, especially in the case of patients with chronic periodontitis not responding to treatment, monitoring, and maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Carvalho-Filho
- Odontology Course, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, 41150-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - I. S. Gomes-Filho
- Department of Periodontics, Feira de Santana State University, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - R. Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, 40110-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - T. Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M. T. Xavier
- Odontology Course, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, 41150-100 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - S. C. Trindade
- Department of Periodontics, Feira de Santana State University, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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20
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Lima ILA, Macari S, Madeira MFM, Rodrigues LFD, Colavite PM, Garlet GP, Soriani FM, Teixeira MM, Fukada SY, Silva TA. Osteoprotective Effects of IL-33/ST2 Link to Osteoclast Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3338-48. [PMID: 26598236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 for bone remodeling is not well-defined. Our aim was to assess the role and underlying mechanisms of IL-33/ST2 in mechanically induced bone remodeling. BALB/c (wild type) and ST2 deficient (St2(-/-)) mice were subjected to mechanical loading in alveolar bone. Microtomography, histology, and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to analyze bone parameters, apoptosis and bone cell counts, and expression of bone remodeling markers, respectively. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells were used to verify if mechanical force triggered IL-33 and ST2 expression as well as the effects of IL-33 on osteoclast differentiation and activity. Mechanical loading increased the expression of IL-33 and ST2 in alveolar bone in vivo and in osteoblastic cells in vitro. St2(-/-) mice had increased mechanical loading-induced bone resorption, number of osteoclasts, and expression of proresorptive markers. In contrast, St2(-/-) mice exhibited reduced numbers of osteoblasts and apoptotic cells in periodontium and diminished expression of osteoblast signaling molecules. In vitro, IL-33 treatment inhibited osteoclast differentiation and activity even in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. IL-33 also increased the expression of pro-apoptotic molecules, including Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), cell-surface Fas receptor (FAS), FASL, FAS-associated death domain, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and BH3 interacting-domain death (BID). Overall, these findings suggest that IL-33/ST2 have anti-osteoclastogenic effects and reduce osteoclast formation and activity by inducing their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella L A Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mila F M Madeira
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia F D Rodrigues
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Y Fukada
- School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, and the Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcília A Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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21
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Tada H, Matsuyama T, Nishioka T, Hagiwara M, Kiyoura Y, Shimauchi H, Matsushita K. Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipain-Dependently Enhances IL-33 Production in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152794. [PMID: 27058037 PMCID: PMC4825981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine IL-33 is constitutively expressed in epithelial cells and it augments Th2 cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses by regulating innate immune cells. We aimed to determine the role of the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the enhanced expression of IL-33 in human gingival epithelial cells. We detected IL-33 in inflamed gingival epithelium from patients with chronic periodontitis, and found that P. gingivalis increased IL-33 expression in the cytoplasm of human gingival epithelial cells in vitro. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide, lipopeptide, and fimbriae derived from P. gingivalis did not increase IL-33 expression. Specific inhibitors of P. gingivalis proteases (gingipains) suppressed IL-33 mRNA induction by P. gingivalis and the P. gingivalis gingipain-null mutant KDP136 did not induce IL-33 expression. A small interfering RNA for protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) as well as inhibitors of phospholipase C, p38 and NF-κB inhibited the expression of IL-33 induced by P. gingivalis. These results indicate that the PAR-2/IL-33 axis is promoted by P. gingivalis infection in human gingival epithelial cells through a gingipain-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Matsuyama
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishioka
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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22
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Jaedicke KM, Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2015; 70:164-83. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Malcolm J, Awang RA, Oliver-Bell J, Butcher JP, Campbell L, Adrados Planell A, Lappin DF, Fukada SY, Nile CJ, Liew FY, Culshaw S. IL-33 Exacerbates Periodontal Disease through Induction of RANKL. J Dent Res 2015; 94:968-75. [PMID: 25808546 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515577815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines mediate the balance between protective and destructive immunity in periodontitis. We sought to investigate the role of IL-33 in periodontitis. The expression of IL-33 in gingival tissue from healthy controls (n = 10) and patients with chronic periodontitis (n = 17) was investigated. Based on a murine model of periodontal disease, the function of IL-33 was determined first by administration of exogenous IL-33 and second by inhibition of IL-33 signaling using mice deficient in the IL-33 receptor ST2. Alveolar bone level, serum antibody, and lymphocyte responses were assessed in the murine model. Expression of IL-33 and ST2 was elevated in gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis as compared with healthy tissues (P < 0.05). Similarly, Il33 expression was higher in periodontal tissues of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected mice as compared with sham-infected controls (P < 0.05). IL-33 treatment of P. gingivalis-infected mice significantly exacerbated alveolar bone loss when compared with infection or IL-33 treatment alone (P < 0.001). Conversely, P. gingivalis infection-induced alveolar bone loss was attenuated in mice lacking ST2. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes expressing nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in the gingival tissues and T lymphocytes expressing RANKL in the cervical draining lymph nodes were higher in IL-33-treated P. gingivalis-infected mice versus phosphate buffered saline-treated P. gingivalis-infected controls (all P < 0.001). Targeting the RANKL pathway by osteoprotegerin administration abrogated periodontal bone destruction in P. gingivalis-infected, IL-33-treated mice. These data demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for IL-33 in exacerbating bone loss in a RANKL-dependent manner in the context of bacterial infection and suggest that this pathway may be amenable to manipulation as a novel therapeutic target in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malcolm
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - R A Awang
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - J Oliver-Bell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Butcher
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - L Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - A Adrados Planell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - D F Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - S Y Fukada
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C J Nile
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - F Y Liew
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - S Culshaw
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Velickovic M, Pejnovic N, Petrovic R, Mitrovic S, Jeftic I, Kanjevac T, Lukic A. Expression of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:70-6. [PMID: 25677987 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently identified cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family and ligand for the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2. IL-33/ST2 signaling plays a critical role in allergy, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammatory disorders, but its role in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions is unknown. We aimed to investigate the expression patterns of IL-33 and ST2 in human periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions (n = 36) and healthy periapical tissues (n = 10) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for human IL-33 and ST2. Lesion samples were further analyzed by double immunofluorescence to assess IL-33/ST2 co-expression. RESULTS The numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive fibroblasts were significantly higher in periapical lesions compared to healthy periapical tissues (both P < 0.05), while the numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive endothelial cells were similar (both P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive fibroblasts and endothelial cells between periapical granulomas and radicular cysts (all P > 0.05). Similarly, numbers of ST2-positive mononuclear cells did not differ between periapical granulomas and radicular cysts (P > 0.05). The majority of epithelial cells in radicular cysts were IL-33 positive, while the small proportion of epithelial cells was ST2 positive. Double immunofluorescence analysis revealed IL-33/ST2 co-expression in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-33 and ST2 are expressed in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. Increased numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive fibroblasts in periapical lesions when compared to healthy periapical tissues suggest that IL-33/ST2 signaling may be involved in periapical inflammation and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Petrovic
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ilija Jeftic
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Lukic
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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25
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Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-36β (-1F8), interleukin-36γ (-1F9) and interleukin-33 (-1F11) levels in different periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Sağlam M, Köseoğlu S, Savran L, Pekbağriyanik T, Sağlam G, Sütçü R. Levels of interleukin-37 in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, or plasma in periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:614-21. [PMID: 25399716 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the levels of levels of interleukin-37 (IL-37) in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and plasma in patients with periodontal disease and patients with healthy periodontium and to correlate these levels with clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of gingival crevicular fluid, whole saliva and plasma were collected from systemically healthy, nonsmoker periodontally healthy controls (group 1, n = 20), gingivitis patients (group 2, n = 20) and chronic periodontitis patients (group 3, n = 20). Full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters, including probing depth, plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing, were also recorded. IL-37 levels in the biofluid samples were determined by ELISA. Data were tested statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS The concentration of IL-37 in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly lower in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.001), whereas the total amounts in gingival crevicular fluid samples were similar (p > 0.05). The salivary and plasma concentrations of IL-37 were similar in the study groups (p > 0.05). There were negative correlations between gingival crevicular fluid IL-37 concentrations and gingival crevicular fluid volume in all groups (p < 0.05). There was also a negative correlation between the gingival crevicular fluid IL-37 concentration and gingival index in group 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-37 was expressed in all biofluids. According to our findings, the total amount of IL-37 in gingival crevicular fluid, or salivary or plasma concentrations of IL-37, may not be useful diagnostic markers to differentiate periodontal disease and the periodontally healthy condition. The difference in gingival crevicular fluid IL-37 concentration between the study groups may be a result of the variation in gingival crevicular fluid volume, as suggested by the negative correlation between gingival crevicular fluid volume and gingival crevicular fluid IL-37 concentration. In the light of our findings, it seems that IL-37 is not involved in periodontal disease. Further comprehensive studies may clarify this issue more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Köseoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - L Savran
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - T Pekbağriyanik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Sağlam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - R Sütçü
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Köseoğlu S, Hatipoğlu M, Sağlam M, Enhoş Ş, Esen HH. Interleukin-33 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:525-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Köseoğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; İzmir Katip Çelebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - M. Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Akdeniz University; Antalya Turkey
| | - M. Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; İzmir Katip Çelebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Ş. Enhoş
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; İzmir Katip Çelebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - H. H. Esen
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Necmettin Erbakan University; Konya Turkey
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Nizam N, Basoglu OK, Tasbakan MS, Nalbantsoy A, Buduneli N. Salivary cytokines and the association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e251-8. [PMID: 24410293 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher prevalence of periodontal disease has been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and these two chronic conditions may be linked via inflammatory pathways. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the salivary interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-21, IL-33, and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) concentrations in patients with and without OSAS. METHODS A total of 52 patients were included in the study. Thirteen individuals were in the control (non-OSAS) group, 17 were in the mild/moderate OSAS group, and 22 were in the severe OSAS group. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded, and saliva samples were obtained before initiation of periodontal intervention. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine salivary cytokine concentrations. Data were statistically analyzed using D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus normality, Spearman ρ rank, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests. RESULTS Salivary IL-6 and IL-33 concentrations were similar in the two OSAS groups (P >0.05), which were statistically higher than the control group (P <0.05). IL-1β, IL-21, and PTX3 concentrations were similar in the study groups. The only significant correlation between clinical periodontal parameters and salivary cytokines was found between clinical attachment level (CAL) and IL-21 (P = 0.02). Highly significant correlations were found between probing depth, CAL measures, and indicators of OSAS severity (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that OSAS may have an increasing effect on salivary IL-6 and IL-33 concentrations regardless of OSAS severity. Additional investigation is required to elucidate a potential bidirectional relationship between OSAS and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Nizam
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Beklen A, Tsaous Memet G. Interleukin-1 superfamily member, interleukin-33, in periodontal diseases. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:209-14. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.832800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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30
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Papathanasiou E, Teles F, Griffin T, Arguello E, Finkelman M, Hanley J, Theoharides TC. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interferon-γ, but not interleukin-4 or -33 or thymic stromal lymphopoietin, are increased in inflamed sites in patients with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:55-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - F. Teles
- Department of Periodontology; The Forsyth Institute; Cambridge MA USA
| | - T. Griffin
- Department of Periodontology; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - E. Arguello
- Department of Periodontology; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - M. Finkelman
- Department of Research Administration; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - J. Hanley
- Department of Periodontology; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - T. C. Theoharides
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
- Department of Biochemistry; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
- Department of Internal Medicine; Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center; Boston MA USA
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