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Huang S, Lin J, Han X. Extracellular vesicles-Potential link between periodontal disease and diabetic complications. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:225-239. [PMID: 38227219 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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Sun Y, Zhang W, Lu L, Zhao D, Wang S, Pan Y, Li C. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on hemoglobin A1c in periodontitis patients without diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2024; 145:104974. [PMID: 38642823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review was aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in periodontitis patients without diabetes mellitus (DM). DATA/SOURCES The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed through searching the following electronic databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Open GREY. Interventional studies of periodontitis patients without DM were investigated. HbA1c changes in these patients before and after NSPT were analyzed. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were employed to identify sources of heterogeneity. STUDY SELECTION Three reviewers independently selected the eligible studies by screening the titles and abstract. Then, a full-text analysis was performed. The reasons for excluding studies were recorded. Any disagreements were settled by discussion with a fourth reviewer. All the four reviewers extracted and crosschecked the data, and disagreements were resolved by discussion. There are 21 case-series studies (self-controlled studies) and 1 non-randomized interventional studies (NRIs) were included. RESULTS For periodontitis patients without DM, a total of 469 individuals from 22 studies were enrolled. The pooled analysis demonstrated that it was significantly changed in HbA1c levels at 3-month follow-up (0.16 with 95 % CI 0.04, 0.27; P = 0.008), and 6-month follow-up (0.17 % with 95 % CI 0.08, 0.27; P < 0.001) compared with baseline. Smoking, gender, experience of periodontal therapy and HbA1c value at baseline could be the sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS NSPT is potentially beneficial for the management of HbA1c in periodontitis patients with high risks of DM. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials are still necessary to confirm these conclusions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The systemic review evaluated the effect of NSPT on HbA1c in periodontitis patients without DM. The analysis may be beneficial to the management and control of the high risks of DM in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lijie Lu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, PR China.
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Zhao D, Sun Y, Li X, Wang X, Lu L, Li C, Pan Y, Wang S. Association between Periodontitis and HbA1c Levels in Non-Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2649. [PMID: 37830686 PMCID: PMC10572398 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high detection rate of diabetes among dental visitors has been reported recently. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among non-diabetic individuals. METHODS The EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Open GREY databases were searched, and observational studies published until 1st June 2023 were identified. A methodological quality assessment was conducted based on the original and modified versions of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that performed clinical periodontal examinations and measured HbA1c levels in non-diabetic adults were included. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) between individuals with and without periodontitis. RESULTS In total, 29 case-control and 5 cross-sectional studies were selected from 2583 potentially eligible articles. Among them, sixteen case-control and three cross-sectional studies with moderate to high quality were selected for the meta-analyses. The HbA1c levels in periodontitis patients were significantly higher than those in individuals with healthy periodontal conditions (WMD = 0.16; p < 0.001) among the non-diabetic populations. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a significant association between periodontitis and HbA1c levels in non-diabetic populations. Thus, HbA1c screening may be recommended to detect potential hyperglycemia in non-diabetic periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China;
| | - Lijie Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (C.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Seniya KM, Baiju KV, Ambili R. Evaluation of salivary glycated albumin in periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and its changes with non-surgical periodontal therapy. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1257-1263. [PMID: 37794537 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_503_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Glycated albumin is an emerging biomarker to assess intermediate glycemic control. Salivary glycated albumin has not been evaluated in periodontitis. Aim The aim of the study was to compare salivary glycated albumin in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus before and after periodontal therapy. Materials and Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics. Ninety subjects (mean age 41.8 ± 6.82) were categorized into three groups. Clinical examination and saliva sample collection were done at baseline and 4 weeks after scaling and root debridement. Salivary glycated albumin levels were estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc test and paired t-test was done for inter- and intra-group comparison. The optimal cut-off value was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and by maximization of the Youden index. Results Mean salivary glycated albumin was the highest in diabetic patients followed by non-diabetic periodontitis patients and least in healthy controls. All the intergroup comparisons were significant. A cut-off value of 72.19 ng/ml of salivary glycated albumin could predict diabetic status with a sensitivity and specificity of 75%. Salivary glycated albumin was significantly reduced in a similar manner in both groups after periodontal therapy (19.4% and 18.5%). Conclusion Periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus were presented with the highest salivary glycated albumin. Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in a similar reduction of salivary glycated albumin in periodontitis with and without diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Seniya
- Department of Periodontics, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - K V Baiju
- Department of Statistics, Government college for women, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - R Ambili
- Department of Periodontics, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Palwankar P, Jain S, Pandey R, Mahesh S. IgA Levels among Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Periodontitis: A Prospective Clinical Study. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:823-827. [PMID: 36167319 PMCID: PMC10569843 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate gingival crevicular immunoglobulin A(IgA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among type II diabetic patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-randomized study was done of 40 periodontitis subjects with a mean age of 50 years and were recruited into two groups, Group A (Type II controlled diabetics with HbA1c < 7%) and Group B (non-diabetics with HbA1c between 4 and 6%). Both the groups underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 1, and 3 months. GCF sample was collected for the estimation of crevicular IgA at baseline and at 3 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Results were analyzed using parametric tests paired t-test and Student's t-test for every assessment point. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Difference in IgA levels and clinical parameters was seen between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Changes in crevicular IgA levels in patients with diabetic periodontitis can be used as a novel biomarker in assessing the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Palwankar
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saumya Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shakila Mahesh
- Department of Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Chen H, Peng L, Wang Z, He Y, Tang S, Zhang X. Exploration of cross-talk and pyroptosis-related gene signatures and molecular mechanisms between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus via peripheral blood mononuclear cell microarray data analysis. Cytokine 2022; 159:156014. [PMID: 36084605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This bioinformatics study is aimed at identifying cross-talk genes, pyroptosis-related genes, and related pathways between periodontitis (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which includes type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS GEO datasets containing peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) data of PD and DM were acquired. After batch correction and normalization, differential expression analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). And cross-talk genes in the PD-T1DM pair and the PD-T2DM pair were identified by overlapping DEGs with the same trend in each pair. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm helped locate the pyroptosis-related genes that are related to cross-talk genes. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive accuracy of these hub genes in diagnosing PD and DM. The correlation between hub genes and the immune microenvironment of PBMC in these diseases was investigated by Spearman correlation analysis. The experimentally validated protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene-pathway network were constructed. Subnetwork analysis helped identify the key pathway connecting DM and PD. RESULTS Hub genes in the PD-T1DM pair (HBD, NLRC4, AIM2, NLRP2) and in the PD-T2DM pair (HBD, IL-1Β, AIM2, NLRP2) were identified. The similarity and difference in the immunocytes infiltration levels and immune pathway scores of PD and DM were observed. ROC analysis showed that AIM2 and HBD exhibited pleasant discrimination ability in all diseases, and the subnetwork of these genes indicated that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway is the most potentially relevant pathway linking PD and DM. CONCLUSION HBD and AIM2 could be the most relevant potential cross-talk and pyroptosis-related genes, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway could be the top candidate molecular mechanism linking PD and DM, supporting a potential pathophysiological relationship between PD and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China
| | - Limin Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China
| | - Yujuan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, China.
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George AK, Narayan V, Kurian N, Joseph AE, Anil S. A pilot study on glycemia and insulin resistance in patients with severe periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:393-398. [PMID: 34667381 PMCID: PMC8452164 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_419_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The potential impact of severe periodontitis on glycemia in systemically healthy individuals is not clearly established. It was hypothesized that among individuals who were previously undiagnosed for diabetes mellitus, patients with severe periodontitis have impaired glycemia and insulin resistance. Aims: The aim of our study was to assess and compare glycemia in severe periodontitis patients and in individuals with clinically healthy periodontium. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analytical design was employed. From among individuals who were undiagnosed for diabetes mellitus, 37 patients with severe periodontitis and 37 individuals with healthy periodontium in the age group of 25–55 years were recruited for the study. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance by the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: The mean FBS, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c were significantly higher for patients with severe periodontitis than those individuals with healthy periodontium. After adjustments for age, gender, and body mass index, patients with severe periodontitis had a statistically significant association with impaired glucose metabolism (HbA1c ≥5.7) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 9.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.819–46.08; P < 0.01). Furthermore, patients with severe periodontitis had significantly greater odds to develop impaired fasting glucose (adjusted OR of 7.489, 95% CI: 1.408–39.839; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The mean FBS, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in severe periodontitis patients than in the control group. A higher proportion of patients presented with prediabetes, incident diabetes, and insulin resistance in the severe periodontitis group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kitty George
- Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Nisha Kurian
- Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Annu Elizabeth Joseph
- Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Oral Health Institute, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Pirih FQ, Monajemzadeh S, Singh N, Sinacola RS, Shin JM, Chen T, Fenno JC, Kamarajan P, Rickard AH, Travan S, Paster BJ, Kapila Y. Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: The role of lipids, inflammatory cytokines, altered host response, and the microbiome. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:50-75. [PMID: 34463996 PMCID: PMC8457155 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Neelima Singh
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jae Min Shin
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suncica Travan
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bruce J Paster
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection & Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Kumar G, Ponnaiyan D, Parthasarathy H, Tadepalli A, Veeramani S. Evaluation of Endocan and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α as Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes and Periodontal Disease. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:431-435. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Suresh Veeramani
- Department of Craniofacial, Esthetic and Plastic Surgery, SIMS Hospital, Chennai, India
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Rapone B, Corsalini M, Converti I, Loverro MT, Gnoni A, Trerotoli P, Ferrara E. Does Periodontal Inflammation Affect Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence? A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32431669 PMCID: PMC7214631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of link between periodontal disease and diabetes has created conditions for analyzing new interdisciplinary approach making toward tackling oral health and systemic issues. As periodontal disease is a readily modifiable risk factor this association has potential clinical implications. The aim of this paper was systematically review the extant literature related to analytics data in order to identify the association between type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in childhood and adolescence with periodontal inflammation. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a database search between 2004 and 2019. A manual search of the literature was conducted as an additional phase of the search process, with the aim of identifying studies that were missed in the primary search. One hundred and thirty-nine records were screened and 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies were of moderate methodological quality. Outcomes included assessments of diabetes and periodontal status. In diabetic populations, compared to healthy subjects, interindividual differences in periodontal status are reflected in higher severity of periodontal inflammation. The most reported barriers to evidence uptake were the intrinsic limits of cross-sectional report data and relevant research, and lack of timely research output. Based on the evidence presented within the literature, the aforementioned biomarkers correlate with poor periodontal status in type 1 diabetic patients. Whilst the corpus of the evidence suggests that there may be an association between periodontal status and type 1 diabetes, study designs and methodological limitations hinder interpretation of the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Rapone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Biagio Rapone
| | - Massimo Corsalini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Converti
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Loverro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Medical Statistic, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of “Aldo Moro” Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrara
- Complex Operative Unit of Odontostomatology, Hospital S.S. Annunziata, Chieti, Italy
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Suresh R, Jayachandran P, Fenol A, Biswas R, Krishnan S, Kumar KA, Divakar DD, Vellappally S. Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Serum Sialic Acid Levels in Diabetic Patients with Periodontitis. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019; 62:109-116. [PMID: 31663504 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA), a family of acetylated derivatives of neuraminic acid, an acute phase reactant by itself. It usually occurs as a terminal component at the non-reducing end of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. SA participates in multiple physiological functions, such as cell-to-cell interactions, cell migration and proliferation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by rise in blood glucose level. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissue, leading to destruction of bone surrounding the tooth and ultimately tooth loss. There is a two way relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Periodontitis is the sixth complication of diabetes along with retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, macrovascular disease, and altered wound healing. Inflammatory mediators like interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha produced during periodontal inflammation can interfere with the actions of insulin receptors and worsen the glycemic control of diabetic patients. Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss, affecting over 300 million people and bacteria associated with periodontitis are also linked with systemic problems like endocarditis, atherosclerosis. Recent work has highlighted a major role for the host sugar sialic acid in the biofilm physiology and host-pathogen interactions of T. forsithya, a key periodontal pathogen. There exists a need for a biomarker, for early detection of disease evolution and more robust therapy efficacy measurements. Serum sialic acids were estimated in Indian population by diphenylamine method and Thiobarbituric acid method. The average values were 68 ± 2.6 mg percent by DPA method and 56 ± 5 mg percent by TBA (thiobarbituric acid assay) method. Age and sex showed no influence on serum sialic acid level. Objectives of the present study was to compare (TSSA) level in healthy subjects, subjects with (CMP) with and without (NIDDM) and its effect on non-surgical periodontal therapy. In the present study, the participants were divided into three groups: Group A, B and C. Group A consists of systemically healthy subjects, Group B consists of subjects with (CMP) while Group C consists of subjects with (CMP) with (NIDDM) and results of this study indicated that, at baseline, there were significant differences between Group A, B and Group C with respect to all the clinical parameters, including (GI), (OHI-S), (PPD), (CAL), (TSSA) and (HbA1c) levels. Thus (TSSA) level could be considered as novel biomarker in the progression of periodontal disease and diabetic status. Periodontitis could be considered as a potential, modifiable, and independent risk factor for the development of diabetes. Early detection of elevated (TSSA) level may help in interpreting the progression of periodontitis, risk of development of diabetes mellitus in future and also to prevent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Suresh
- Department of Periodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita vishwa vidhyapeetham, Ponekara, Edapally, Cochin, India.
| | - Perayil Jayachandran
- Department of Periodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita vishwa vidhyapeetham, Ponekara, Edapally, Cochin, India
| | - Angel Fenol
- Department of Periodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita vishwa vidhyapeetham, Ponekara, Edapally, Cochin, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Nano Science and Molecular Biology, Amrita institute of medical science, Cochin, India
| | - Sajitha Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Cochin, India
| | - K Aswini Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Cochin, India
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Dental Health Department College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Kocher T, König J, Borgnakke WS, Pink C, Meisel P. Periodontal complications of hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus: Epidemiologic complexity and clinical challenge. Periodontol 2000 2018; 78:59-97. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Jörgen König
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Wenche Sylling Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Christiane Pink
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Peter Meisel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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13
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Anderson K, Emmerton LM. Contribution of mobile health applications to self-management by consumers: review of published evidence. AUST HEALTH REV 2018; 40:591-597. [PMID: 26681206 DOI: 10.1071/ah15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to review the contribution of mobile health applications ('apps') to consumers' self-management of chronic health conditions, and the potential for this practice to inform health policy, procedures and guidelines. Methods A search was performed on the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Global Health (Ovid) databases using the search terms 'mobile app*', 'self-care', 'self-monitoring', 'trial', 'intervention*' and various medical conditions. The search was supplemented with manual location of emerging literature and government reports. Mapping review methods identified relevant titles and abstracts, followed by review of content to determine extant research, reports addressing the key questions, and gaps suggesting areas for future research. Available studies were organised by disease state, and presented in a narrative analysis. Results Four studies describing the results of clinical trials were identified from Canada, England, Taiwan and Australia; all but the Australian study used custom-made apps. The available studies examined the effect of apps in health monitoring, reporting positive but not robust findings. Australian public policy and government reports acknowledge and support self-management, but do not address the potential contribution of mobile interventions. Conclusions There are limited controlled trials testing the contribution of health apps to consumers' self-management. Further evidence in this field is required to inform health policy and practice relating to self-management. What is known about the topic? Australian health policy encourages self-care by health consumers to reduce expenditure in health services. A fundamental component of self-care in chronic health conditions is self-monitoring, which can be used to assess progress towards treatment goals, as well as signs and symptoms of disease exacerbation. An abundance of mobile health apps is available for self-monitoring. What does this study add? A limited number of randomised control trials have assessed the clinical impact of health apps for self-monitoring. The body of evidence relating to current and long-term clinical impact is developing. Despite endorsing self-care, Australian health policy does not address the use and potential contribution of mobile health apps to health care. What are the implications? Widespread and sustained use of validated mobile health apps for chronic health conditions should have potential to improve consumer independence, confidence and burden on health services in the longer term. However, a significant body of scientific evidence has not yet been established; this is mirrored in the lack of acknowledgement of health apps in Australian health policy referring to consumers' self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Anderson
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Email
| | - Lynne M Emmerton
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Email
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14
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Graziani F, Gennai S, Solini A, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes An update of the EFP-AAP review. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 45:167-187. [PMID: 29277926 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To update the available evidence on the impact of periodontitis on diabetes control, incidence and complications. METHODS Observational studies on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes, published after 2012, were identified through electronic databases and hand-searched journals. Findings were summarized by evidence tables, using PRISMA statement. Quality of the included studies was evaluated through the Newcastle Ottawa scale. RESULTS Healthy individuals with periodontitis exhibit a poor glycaemic control and a higher risk of developing diabetes. Individuals affected by diabetes show a deterioration of glycaemic control if also affected by periodontitis and significantly higher prevalence of diabetes-related complications. Limited evidence is available on gestational diabetes and type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis has a significant impact on diabetes control, incidence and complications. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity and quality of the included publications suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting the data and that there remains an important need for additional evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gennai
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Saito M, Shimazaki Y, Nonoyama T, Tadokoro Y. Association between dental visits for periodontal treatment and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an elderly Japanese cohort. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Saito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health; School of Dentistry; Aichi Gakuin University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimazaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health; School of Dentistry; Aichi Gakuin University; Nagoya Japan
| | - Toshiya Nonoyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health; School of Dentistry; Aichi Gakuin University; Nagoya Japan
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16
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Fenol A, Swetha V, Krishnan S, Perayil J, Vyloppillil R, Bhaskar A, Shereef M, Balakrishnan B, Puzhankara L. Correlation of salivary neopterin and plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pteridines 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pterid-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Neopterin is a novel predictor for coronary events especially in diabetic patients and also an indicator for the effectiveness of the periodontal treatment. In this study, we assessed whether salivary neopterin can be used as a potential biomarker in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Forty subjects between 25 and 75 years of age and who matched the criteria were selected and divided into four groups. Their periodontal status was evaluated. Stimulated whole saliva and blood were collected for analysis of salivary neopterin and fibrinogen and HbA1c levels, respectively. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was carried out. Patients were recalled after 3 months, and the same procedure was repeated. A reduction in all the parameters was seen after treatment in all the four groups. Salivary neopterin levels showed significant difference (p<0.001) in the values between the study groups and the control group before treatment. After 3 months of treatment, salivary neopterin levels showed a statistical significant reduction (p<0.001) in all the study groups. Neopterin could serve as an effective tool to assess the inflammatory process related to periodontitis and diabetes mellitus and also predict future cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fenol
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - V.R. Swetha
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Sajitha Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry , Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Jayachandran Perayil
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Rajesh Vyloppillil
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Anuradha Bhaskar
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Mohammed Shereef
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
| | - Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontics , School of Dentistry, Amrita University , Kochi, Kerala , India
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17
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Goel K, Pradhan S, Bhattarai MD. Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis in Nepalese population. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2017; 9:73-80. [PMID: 28761379 PMCID: PMC5522660 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s138338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite several investigations, evidence is still controversial regarding the effect of periodontal treatment on diabetes. This study evaluates and compares the effect on glycemic control and periodontal status with or without nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis in a Nepalese population. Materials and methods A total of 82 patients attending the diabetes clinic and fulfilling enrollment criteria with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected. They were assigned in an alternative sequence, into test and control group. Both groups were instructed to continue with their medical treatment without modifications. Scaling and root surface debridement were performed in the test group whereas the control group received oral hygiene instructions with no treatment during the 3-month study period. Results There were 41 participants in each group with the mean age of 50.66±7.70 and 53.80±9.16 years, average diabetes duration of 6.32±4.21 and 6.24±4.00 years, mean body mass index of 24.78±1.85 and 24.6±1.79 kg/m2, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 6.71±0.50% and 6.80±0.45%, in the test and control group, respectively. After 3 months, there was significant reduction in HbA1c levels in the test group compared to the control group (p=0.029). Clinical periodontal parameters of gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) significantly improved in the test group (p<0.001) with PD reduction by 0.9 mm and gain in CAL by 0.3 mm compared to the control group (p>0.001) who showed an increase by 0.05 mm. Conclusion This study showed that nonsurgical periodontal therapy may have a beneficial effect on HbA1c level in moderately controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Goel
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, College of Dental Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan
| | - Shaili Pradhan
- Department of Dental Surgery, Periodontics Unit, Bir Hospital
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18
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Lertpimonchai A, Rattanasiri S, Arj-Ong Vallibhakara S, Attia J, Thakkinstian A. The association between oral hygiene and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Dent J 2017. [PMID: 28646499 PMCID: PMC5724709 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Dental plaque accumulation and inadequate personal oral hygiene (OH) are known major risk factors of periodontitis. Nevertheless, the magnitude of their effects has not yet been the subject of a meta-analysis. Material and methods: The Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to May 2016. Observational studies were eligible if they assessed associations between OH and periodontitis in adult subjects. A multivariate random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the effects of fair/poor OH versus good OH on periodontitis across studies. The associations between oral care habits and periodontitis were also assessed. Results: A total of 50 studies were eligible; 15 were used for pooling the effect of fair OH versus good OH and poor OH versus good OH on periodontitis, with pooled odds ratios (ORs) of 2.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65–2.53] and 5.01 (95% CI: 3.40–7.39), respectively. Eleven studies examined oral care habits measured according to toothbrushing regularity and dental visit frequency; pooled ORs of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.47–0.94) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47–0.98) were obtained, respectively. Conclusions: Fair to poor OH increases the risk of periodontitis by two- to five-fold. This risk can be reduced by regular toothbrushing and dental visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attawood Lertpimonchai
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasivimol Rattanasiri
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Joseph R, Sasikumar M, Mammen J, Joseraj MG, Radhakrishnan C. Nonsurgical periodontal-therapy improves glycosylated hemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:213-221. [PMID: 28572882 PMCID: PMC5437619 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (CHP).
METHODS Sixty pre-diabetic patients with CHP were selected and equally allocated to case and control group. All subjects were evaluated at base line for periodontal parameters (plaque index, oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level) and systemic parameters [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose]. The case group received non-surgical periodontal therapy. Subjects were re-evaluated for periodontal and systemic parameters after three months.
RESULTS Both groups were comparable at baseline. Three months after non surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), there was significant improvement in periodontal parameters in case group. The mean difference in systemic parameters like HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose from baseline to fourth month for case group was 0.22 ± 0.11 and 3.90 ± 8.48 respectively and control group was -0.056 ± 0.10 and -1.66 ± 6.04 respectively, which was significant between case and control group (P < 0.05). In the case group there was a significant decrease in HbA1c from baseline to three months following NSPT (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION This study showed that periodontal inflammation could affect the glycemic control in otherwise systemically healthy individuals. Periodontal therapy improved periodontal health status and decreased glycosylated haemoglobin levels, thus reducing the probability of occurrence of inflammation induced prediabetes in patients with CHP.
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20
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Song SJ, Lee SS, Han K, Park JB. Periodontitis is associated with diabetic retinopathy in non-obese adults. Endocrine 2017; 56:82-89. [PMID: 28032209 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with diabetes retinopathy appear to show increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. This study was performed to assess the relationship between periodontitis and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a large probability sample of the Korean population. A subgroup analysis was performed using body mass index <25 kg/m2 as the criterion to evaluate the effect of obesity on this relationship. METHODS This study is based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the Korean population, conducted between 2008 and 2010. The presence of diabetic retinopathy in relation to demographic variables and anthropometric characteristics of the participants is presented as means with their standard errors. The presence of periodontitis and presence of retinopathy categorized by body mass index (<25 and ≥25 kg/m2) were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between periodontitis and diabetic retinopathy after adjustment with variables, including age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes mellitus. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of periodontitis in individuals who had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] of prevalence of diabetic retinopathy were 1.193 [0.757-1.881] for the whole population after adjustments with confounding factors. Subgroup analysis after adjustments with confounding factors showed that the odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] of prevalence were 2.206 [1.114-4.366] and 0.588 [0.326-1.061] among participants with body mass index <25 kg/m2 and body mass index 37 ≥25 kg/m2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The diabetic retinopathy was positively associated with the presence of periodontitis in non-obese diabetic Korean adults after adjustment with confounding variables. Our findings suggest that when a periodontist finds the presence of periodontitis in non-obese diabetic patients, timely evaluation of the patient's ophthalmic evaluation should be 44 recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Gerber FA, Sahrmann P, Schmidlin OA, Heumann C, Beer JH, Schmidlin PR. Influence of obesity on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy - a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 27590050 PMCID: PMC5010690 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and periodontitis are important chronic health problems. Obesity is associated with an increased prevalence of periodontitis. Whether obesity also affects the outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy is to date still unclear. METHODS A systematic review of studies referenced in SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, Biosis and Web of Science was performed. Titles, abstracts and finally full texts were scrutinized for possible inclusion by two independent investigators. Quality and heterogeneity of the studies were assessed and the study designs were examined. Probing pocket depth reduction was analyzed as primary surrogate parameter for therapeutic success after non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS One-hundred-and-fifty-nine potentially qualifying studies were screened. Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Three of eight studies failed to show an influence of obesity on pocket depth reduction after non-surgical therapy. The remaining five studies documented a clear negative effect on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy. The finally included studies did not correspond to the highest level of quality (RCTs). Due to the heterogeneity of the data a meta-analysis was not possible. CONCLUSION The literature on the effect of obesity on the treatment outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy remains controversial. The data, however, support that obesity is not only a factor associated with poorer periodontal health but might also result in inferior response to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne A. Gerber
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver A. Schmidlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heumann
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürg Hans Beer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases are the most common human diseases globally, with gingivitis affecting up to 90% and periodontitis affecting 50% of adults. Tooth enamel is the only nonshedding tissue in the human body. In the absence of proper oral hygiene measures, microbial biofilm (dental plaque) develops on the teeth to include more than 700 different bacterial species, along with viruses, fungi, archea, and parasites. With time, ecological imbalances promote the growth of selected commensal species that induce host inflammatory pathways resulting in tissue destruction, including ulceration of the periodontal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Room# G049, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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23
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Kara G, Cifcibasi E, Karsidag K, Cintan S. Short term effects of periodontal therapy on inflammatory markers in patients with type-2 diabetes. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:469-76. [PMID: 25828285 PMCID: PMC4404482 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of periodontal therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in controls. METHODS A total of 30 periodontal patients, 15 of which were systemically healthy (control group), and 15 were T2DM patients (test group) were included in this study. This prospective study was carried out at Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey between February 2011 and December 2013. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal probing depth, and clinical attachment level were assessed and recorded at baseline, one, and 3 months after therapy. Serum samples were collected at the same time-points and analyzed using Luminex assay for the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. The change in the metabolic control was also monitored. RESULTS All clinical parameters were significantly improved after the periodontal therapy in both groups (p less than l0.001). Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were decreased; however, the difference was not significant (p more than 0.05). Fasting blood glucose levels were decreased one month after therapy, and increased at 3 months. Patients with T2DM had significantly higher levels of circulating IL-8 at each time point, and TNF-α (p less than 0.05) at baseline. The IL-4 and IL-10 levels were decreased at one month after therapy (p more than 0.05). CONCLUSION Periodontal therapy has limited impact on the serum levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Metabolic control levels were not influenced by periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goze Kara
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail.
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