1
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Suttivanich S, Soonklang K, Hiranrat P, Siripongsakun S. Sonographic appearance of focal liver lesions and likelihood of hepatocellular carcinoma in adult Thais with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024; 52:377-384. [PMID: 38334168 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of our study was to study and compare the sonographic findings of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and benign liver lesions, and apply these to an HCC surveillance program in patient with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS Sonographic findings of HCC and benign liver lesions were retrospectively reviewed following diagnosis based on either computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging from July 2010 to December 2020. Multiple sonographic features were analyzed, including internal echogenicity, rim characteristics, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Associations between sonographic characteristics and HCC were assessed using uni- and multi-variate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Of the focal liver lesions in 337 chronic HBV patients, there were 25 HCC and 410 benign lesions, with median sizes of 1.6 and 1.0 cm, respectively. Three ultrasound patterns, homogeneous hypoechogenicity, heterogeneous echogenicity, and hypoechoic rims were more frequently found in HCC than in benign lesions. Moreover, the hypoechoic rim feature was the only sonographic pattern independently associated with HCC (Odds ratio, 68.05; 95% confidence interval, 7.37-628.10; p-values < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of the lesions sized 2 cm or smaller, no sonographic findings were associated with HCC. CONCLUSION A hypoechoic rim was a sonographic feature independently associated with HCC. These findings may aid in improving HCC detection and guiding management during HCC screening and surveillance with ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarana Suttivanich
- Sonographer School, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Data Management Unit, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pantajaree Hiranrat
- Sonographer School, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachate Siripongsakun
- Sonographer School, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Tahir F, Farooq M, Malik MA, Manzoor S. Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Viral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding Their Involvement in Viral Hepatitis and Their Potential as Biomarkers for Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:159-166. [PMID: 38588555 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The high global prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and the poor prognosis of hepatitis B and hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), necessitates the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Recent studies show that cell-to-cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is involved in the HCC progression. The objective of the following study was to explore the role of EVs in the progression of viral-induced HCC and investigate their potential for the early diagnosis of cancer. First, the mRNA derived from EVs of HCC patients was compared to the mRNA derived from EVs from the healthy controls. Expression analysis of ANGPTL3, SH3BGRL3, and IFITM3 genes from the EVs was done. Afterward, to confirm whether hepatocytes can uptake EVs, HuH7 cells were exposed to EVs, and the expression analysis of downstream target genes (AKT, TNF-α, and MMP-9) in Huh7 cells was done. Transcriptional analysis showed that in the EVs from HCC patients, the expression levels of ANGPTL3, SH3BGRL3, and IFITM3 were significantly increased by 2.62-, 4.3-, and 9.03-folds, respectively. The downstream targets, AKT, TNF-α, and MMP-9, also showed a considerable change of 4.1-, 1.46-, and 5.05-folds, respectively, in Huh7 cells exposed to HCC EVs. In conclusion, the following study corroborates the role of EVs in HCC progression. Furthermore, the significant alteration in mRNA levels of the selected genes demonstrates their potential to be used as possible biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tahir
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariya Farooq
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Ashraf Malik
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Research Group, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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3
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Alolyan A, Alshammari K, Arabi M, Alshehri A, Alsuhaibani H, Ibnshamsah F, Alsharm A, Mahrous M, Al Zanbagi A, Hassanain M, Bazarbashi S. Treatment Patterns and Recommendations for Improving the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Saudi Arabia. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:349-362. [PMID: 38385059 PMCID: PMC10879627 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s442842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite being a significant healthcare burden there is limited information on the unmet needs and current treatment practices for intermediate and advanced-stage HCC in Saudi Arabia. This article analyzes the gaps and provides expert consensus on the management strategies for unresectable HCC in Saudi Arabia. A pre-meeting online questionnaire, comprising 20 objective questions about the treatment landscape and diagnosis of HCC in Saudi Arabia, was distributed to experts in the field of HCC management. An advisory board meeting including a panel of 13 experts was held in September 2022 where the responses to the survey questionnaire were reviewed and discussed. The survey results and experts' discussion highlighted the growing incidence of liver cancer in Saudi Arabia. HCC comprised the majority of all liver cancer cases due to rising rates of chronic viral infections and lifestyle-related risk factors. Most physicians in Saudi Arabia follow the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer guidelines as a prognostic tool for the detection and staging of patients with HCC. Most of the patients with HCC in Saudi Arabia are diagnosed in the intermediate or advanced stages with poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. Establishing evidence-based surveillance techniques, a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, and better accessibility of treatment options is vital for the management of HCC in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq Alolyan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanan Alshammari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Arabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alshehri
- Department of Oncology, King Khalid National Guard Hospital Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Alsuhaibani
- Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Ibnshamsah
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsharm
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat Mahrous
- Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Minia University of Egypt, Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
| | - Adnan Al Zanbagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouki Bazarbashi
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Shin WS, Xie F, Chen B, Yu J, Lo KW, Tse GMK, To KF, Kang W. Exploring the Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: Assessing Potential Implications and Contextualizing Microorganisms beyond H. pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4993. [PMID: 37894360 PMCID: PMC10605912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While previous research has primarily focused on the impact of H. pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), emerging evidence suggests that other microbial influences, including viral and fungal infections, may also contribute to gastric cancer (GC) development. The intricate interactions between these microbes and the host's immune response provide a more comprehensive understanding of gastric cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. The review highlights the roles of established players such as H. pylori and EBV and the potential impacts of gut bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and fungi such as Candida albicans. Advanced sequencing technologies offer unprecedented insights into the complexities of the gastric microbiome, from microbial diversity to potential diagnostic applications. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential for advanced GC diagnosis and therapies through a better understanding of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Sum Shin
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Fuda Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Gary M. K. Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Ka Fai To
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.S.S.); (F.X.); (B.C.); (K.W.L.); (G.M.K.T.); (K.F.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- CUHK—Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
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5
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Ren H, Chen X, Wang J, Chen Y, Hafiz A, Xiao Q, Fu S, Madireddy A, Li WV, Shi X, Cao J. Temporal and structural patterns of hepatitis B virus integrations in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29187. [PMID: 37877809 PMCID: PMC11131385 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, 90% of HBV-positive HCC cases exhibit detectable HBV integrations, hinting at the potential early entanglement of these viral integrations in tumorigenesis and their subsequent oncogenic implications. Nevertheless, the precise chronology of integration events during HCC tumorigenesis, alongside their sequential structural patterns, has remained elusive thus far. In this study, we applied whole-genome sequencing to multiple biopsies extracted from six HBV-positive HCC cases. Through this approach, we identified point mutations and viral integrations, offering a blueprint for the intricate tumor phylogeny of these samples. The emergent narrative paints a rich tapestry of diverse evolutionary trajectories characterizing the analyzed tumors. We uncovered oncogenic integration events in some samples that appear to happen before and during the initiation stage of tumor development based on their locations in reconstituted trajectories. Furthermore, we conducted additional long-read sequencing of selected samples and unveiled integration-bridged chromosome rearrangements and tandem repeats of the HBV sequence within integrations. In summary, this study revealed premalignant oncogenic and sequential complex integrations and highlighted the contributions of HBV integrations to HCC development and genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alex Hafiz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Qian Xiao
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Fu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Advaitha Madireddy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Wei Vivian Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Orita N, Kawaguchi K, Honda M, Shimode T, Hayakawa N, Terashima T, Komura T, Nishikawa M, Horii R, Nio K, Shimakami T, Takatori H, Arai K, Sakai Y, Yamashita T, Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S, Kagaya T, Yamashita T. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 is regulated by nucleos(t)ide analogues for chronic hepatitis B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 674:133-139. [PMID: 37419034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients persists even under nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) treatment. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) expression has been reported in advanced chronic liver diseases as well as cancer tissues. We observed an association between related to HCC incidence and serum AKR1B10 by analyzing patients under treatment with NAs. Serum AKR1B10 levels measured by ELISA were higher in HCC cases under NA treatment compared with non-HCC cases and were associated with lamivudine- and adefovir pivoxil-, but not entecavir- or tenofovir alafenamide-treated cases. The latter drugs did not increase AKR1B10 values even in HCC cases, suggesting that they influence the reduction of AKR1B10 in any cases. This analysis was supported by in-vitro examination, which showed reduced AKR1B10 expression by entecavir and tenofovir via immunofluorescence staining. In conclusion there was a relationship between HBV-related HCC incidence and AKR1B10 under nucleos(t)ide analogues, especially in the use of lamivudine and adefovir pivoxil, but entecavir and tenofovir had suppressive effects of AKR1B10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Orita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Shimode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Komura
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Rika Horii
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Takatori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Information-Based Medicine Development, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kagaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Jeng LB, Li TC, Wang J, Teng CF. Increased plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus pre-S2 gene deletion mutation predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative surgical resection. Cancer 2023; 129:2621-2636. [PMID: 37096803 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite resection surgery as a curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the high rate of postoperative HCC recurrence remains a big challenge for patient survival. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most important risk factor for HCC. Deletion mutation in the HBV pre-S2 gene leads to expression of an essential viral oncoprotein called pre-S2 mutant and represents an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection. Additionally, cytokines are multifunctional secreted proteins and implicated in all stages of HBV-related HCC tumorigenesis. METHODS This study aimed to identify the cytokines whose plasma levels were associated with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and HCC recurrence and evaluate their potential to be combined with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation in predicting HCC recurrence. RESULTS Among a panel of 27 cytokines examined, plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly upregulated in patients with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation or HCC recurrence. MCP-1 was validated as an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence. Moreover, patients with both the presence of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and high levels of MCP-1 displayed a higher risk of HCC recurrence than patients with either one or none of these two biomarkers. The combination of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and MCP-1 levels exhibited a better prognostic performance for HCC recurrence than each biomarker alone. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered that MCP-1 levels had a significance to be as a combination biomarker with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation providing an improved performance in predicting HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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8
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Allameh A, Niayesh-Mehr R, Aliarab A, Sebastiani G, Pantopoulos K. Oxidative Stress in Liver Pathophysiology and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1653. [PMID: 37759956 PMCID: PMC10525124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ that is particularly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only arise during metabolic functions but also during the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The disruption of redox balance causes oxidative stress, which affects liver function, modulates inflammatory pathways and contributes to disease. Thus, oxidative stress is implicated in acute liver injury and in the pathogenesis of prevalent infectious or metabolic chronic liver diseases such as viral hepatitis B or C, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in liver disease progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we provide an overview on the effects of oxidative stress on liver pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Allameh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Reyhaneh Niayesh-Mehr
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran; (A.A.); (R.N.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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9
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Brown ZJ, Ruff SM, Pawlik TM. The effect of liver disease on hepatic microenvironment and implications for immune therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1225821. [PMID: 37608898 PMCID: PMC10441240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1225821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC often occurs in the setting of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of the immune microenvironment in the development and progression of HCC, as well as its role in the potential response to therapy. Liver disease such as viral hepatitis, alcohol induced liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major risk factor for the development of HCC and has been demonstrated to alter the immune microenvironment. Alterations in the immune microenvironment may markedly influence the response to different therapeutic strategies. As such, research has focused on understanding the complex relationship among tumor cells, immune cells, and the surrounding liver parenchyma to treat HCC more effectively. We herein review the immune microenvironment, as well as the relative effect of liver disease on the immune microenvironment. In addition, we review how changes in the immune microenvironment can lead to therapeutic resistance, as well as highlight future strategies aimed at developing the next-generation of therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Brown
- Department of Surgery, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Samantha M. Ruff
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Costa F, Wiedenmann B, Roderburg C, Mohr R, Abou‐Alfa GK. Systemic treatment in patients with Child-Pugh B liver dysfunction and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:13978-13990. [PMID: 37162288 PMCID: PMC10358256 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of death among patients with liver cirrhosis. The rise of immuno-oncology has revolutionized treatment for advanced HCC. However, most pivotal randomized controlled trials have excluded patients with moderate liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh-Turcotte B), despite the high incidence of liver disease in patients with HCC at the time of diagnosis. Overall survival in patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction treated with sorafenib has been found to be only approximately 3-5 months, underlining the need for improved treatment algorithms for this increasingly important subgroup of patients. In this review, we summarize available data on the treatment of patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction. Opportunities, as well as clinical challenges, are discussed in detail, highlighting potential changes to the therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité University HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité University HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Weill Medical School at Cornell UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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11
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Gull N, Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Pedram MZ, Ahmad A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Satija S, Charbe N, Negi P, Goyal R, Serrano-Aroca Á, Al Zoubi MS, El-Tanani M, Tambuwala MM. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Curcuma longa in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:368-390. [PMID: 35285010 PMCID: PMC8918363 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among all forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are several treatment options for HCC ranging from loco-regional therapy to surgical treatment. Yet, there is high morbidity and mortality. Recent research focus has shifted towards more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the Curcuma longa plant, has gained widespread attention in recent years because of its multifunctional properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for studies reporting incidence of HCC, risk factors associated with cirrhosis and experimental use of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent. RESULTS This review exclusively encompasses the anti-cancer properties of curcumin in HCC globally and it's postulated molecular targets of curcumin when used against liver cancers. CONCLUSIONS This review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of novel plant extracts derived from C. longa and the treatment options against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Gull
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., India
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Israr Ul Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mona Zamani Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box: 19395-1999, No. 15-19, Pardis St., Mollasadra Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, 1999 143344, Iran
| | - Arif Ahmad
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, UK.
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12
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Xiong YX, Zhang XC, Zhu JH, Zhang YX, Pan YL, Wu Y, Zhao JP, Liu JJ, Lu YX, Liang HF, Zhang ZG, Zhang WG. Collagen I-DDR1 signaling promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell stemness via Hippo signaling repression. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01166-5. [PMID: 37117273 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a minority population of cancer cells with stemness and multiple differentiation potentials, leading to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. However, the concrete mechanism of CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains obscure. We found that in advanced HCC tissues, collagen I was upregulated, which is consistent with the expression of its receptor DDR1. Accordingly, high collagen I levels accompanied by high DDR1 expression are associated with poor prognoses in patients with HCC. Collagen I-induced DDR1 activation enhanced HCC cell stemness in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DDR1 interacts with CD44, which acts as a co-receptor that amplifies collagen I-induced DDR1 signaling, and collagen I-DDR1 signaling antagonized Hippo signaling by facilitating the recruitment of PP2AA to MST1, leading to exaggerated YAP activation. The combined inhibition of DDR1 and YAP synergistically abrogated HCC cell stemness in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. A radiomic model based on T2 weighted images can noninvasively predict collagen I expression. These findings reveal the molecular basis of collagen I-DDR1 signaling inhibiting Hippo signaling and highlight the role of CD44/DDR1/YAP axis in promoting cancer cell stemness, suggesting that DDR1 and YAP may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiao Xiong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Han Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Long Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Fang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhan-Guo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wan-Guang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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13
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Albarrak J, Al-Shamsi H. Current Status of Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in The Gulf Region: Challenges and Recommendations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072001. [PMID: 37046662 PMCID: PMC10093592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise in the Gulf region, with most patients being diagnosed in the intermediate or advanced stages. Surgery is a treatment option for only a few, and the majority of patients receive either locoregional treatment (percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization [TACE], radioembolization, radiotherapy, or transarterial radioembolization) or systemic therapy (for those ineligible for locoregional treatments or who do not benefit from TACE). The recent emergence of novel immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors has begun to change the landscape of systemic HCC treatment in the Gulf. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab is currently the preferred first-line therapy in patients not at risk of bleeding. Additionally, the HIMALAYA trial has demonstrated the superiority of the durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination (STRIDE regimen) therapy in efficacy and safety compared with sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC. However, there is a lack of data on post-progression treatment after first-line therapy with either atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab regimens, highlighting the need for better-designed studies for improved management of patients with unresectable HCC in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Albarrak
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Sabah Health Region, Kuwait City 8WF3+WR8, Kuwait;
| | - Humaid Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Medical City- Burjeel Holding, Abu Dhabi 92510, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai 22107, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Combination of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Gene Deletion Mutation and Tumor-Node-Metastasis Stage Predicts Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence after Curative Surgical Resection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030923. [PMID: 36979902 PMCID: PMC10045911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent and life-threatening human cancers worldwide. Despite curative resection surgery, the high recurrence rate of HCC leads to poor patient survival. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major etiological factor for HCC. HBV pre-S2 gene deletion mutation leads to the expression of an important oncoprotein called a pre-S2 mutant. It represents an independent prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence. This study aimed to identify other independent prognostic biomarkers from clinicopathological characteristics of 75 HBV-related HCC patients receiving resection surgery and to validate their potential to be combined with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation as a combination biomarker for HCC recurrence. Patients with both the presence of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage IIIA–IIIC had a higher HCC recurrence risk than patients with either one or none of these two factors. Moreover, the combination of pre-S2 gene deletion mutation and TNM stage exhibited better performance than either of these two factors alone in discriminating patients from patients without HCC recurrence. Collectively, this study proposed that the TNM stage held significance as a combination biomarker with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation with a greater performance in predicting HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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15
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Tumor resident, TRA anti-viral CDR3 chemical sequence motifs are associated with a better breast cancer outcome. Genes Immun 2023; 24:92-98. [PMID: 36805542 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
While for certain cancers, such as cervical cancer, the link to viral infections is very strong and very clear, other cancers represent a history of links to viral infections that are either co-morbidities or drive the cancer in ways that are not yet fully understood, for example the "hit and run" possibility. To further understand the connection of viral infections and the progress of breast cancer, we identified the chemical features of known anti-viral, T-cell receptor alpha chain (TRA) complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid sequences among the CDR3s of breast cancer patient TRA recombinations and assessed the association of those features with patient outcomes. The application of this novel paradigm indicated consistent associations of tumor-derived, anti-CMV CDR3 chemical sequence motifs with better breast cancer patient outcomes but did not indicate an opportunity to establish risk stratifications for other cancer types. Interestingly, breast cancer samples with no detectable TRA recombinations represented a better outcome than samples with the non-anti-CMV CDR3s, further adding to a rapidly developing series of results allowing a distinction between positive and possibly harmful cancer immune responses.
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16
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Wong NS, Chan DPC, Poon CM, Chan CP, Lau LHW, Yeoh EK, Lee SS. Hepatitis B burden and population immunity in a high endemicity city - a geographically random household epidemiology study for evaluating achievability of elimination. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e22. [PMID: 36628568 PMCID: PMC9990397 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882300002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide reference for evaluating the achievability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) elimination in a high endemicity city with universal neonatal vaccination in place for over 30 years. Between September 2018 and October 2020, 2085 citizens from 1143 geographically random households in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire and had blood-testing for HBV markers (anti-HBs, HBsAg, anti-HBc, HBeAg). We evaluated the epidemiology and examined factors associated with HBV exposure, vaccination and chronic diseases. The proportion of households with HBsAg positive index participants was 9.2% (95% CI 7.5%-10.9%). The age- and sex-adjusted HBsAg prevalence was 6.3% (95% CI 5.3%-7.4%), compared to >10% in those born in 1960-1970 and among non-local born citizens, and <1% in people born after introduction of neonatal vaccination. Among 155 HBsAg positive participants, 59% were aware of their infection status with 10% on treatment and 10/150 (6.7%) HBeAg positive. More than 40% (872/2064) tested negative for both HBsAg and anti-HBs, contributed by the lack of immunity in older adults and the waning immunity of vaccines. Hong Kong has remained at high-intermediate HBV endemicity state. The moderate level of anti-HBs positivity and very low treatment coverage (10%) among HBsAg positive participants pose challenges for achieving the HBV elimination target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngai Sze Wong
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Denise Pui Chung Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin Man Poon
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chin Pok Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leonia Hiu Wan Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shui Shan Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Author for correspondence: Shui Shan Lee, E-mail:
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17
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Role of Etiology in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Lenvatinib: A Counterfactual Event-Based Mediation Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020381. [PMID: 36672330 PMCID: PMC9856921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether the etiology of underlying liver disease represents a prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib is still a matter of debate. This study investigates whether the viral etiology of HCC plays a prognostic role in overall survival (OS). Methods: Data derived from a multicenter series of 313 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib between 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. Actuarial survival estimates were computed using the Kaplan−Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. We performed an event-based counterfactual mediation analysis to estimate direct (chronic inflammation and immunosuppression), indirect (tobacco smoking, alcohol use, illicit drug abuse with injections), and the total effect of viral etiology on OS. Results were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI. Results: Median OS was 21 months (95% CI: 20−23) in the group with other etiologies and 15 months (14−16) in the group with viral etiology (p < 0.0001). The total effect of viral etiology was associated with OS (HR 2.76, 1.32−5.21), and it was mainly explained by the pure direct effect of viral etiology (HR 2.74, 1.15−4.45). By contrast, its total indirect effect was not associated with poorer survival (HR 1.05, 0.82−2.13). These results were confirmed when considering tobacco, alcohol consumption, or injection drug abuse as potential mediators. Median progression-free survival was 9 months (8−10) in patients with other etiologies and 6 months (5−7) in patients with viral etiology (p < 0.0001). No difference in terms of adverse event rate was observed between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients affected by HCC with nonviral etiology treated with lenvatinib exhibit longer survival than those with viral etiology. This finding may have relevance in the treatment decision-making process.
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18
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Li SW, Han LF, He Y, Wang XS. Immunological classification of hepatitis B virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma by transcriptome analysis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1997-2011. [PMID: 36618328 PMCID: PMC9813842 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i12.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major factor responsible for HBV+ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIM An immunological classification of HBV+ HCC may provide both biological insights and clinical implications for this disease.
METHODS Based on the enrichment of 23 immune signatures, we identified two immune-specific subtypes (Imm-H and Imm-L) of HBV+ HCC by unsupervised clustering. We showed that this subtyping method was reproducible and predictable by analyzing three different datasets.
RESULTS Compared to Imm-L, Imm-H displayed stronger immunity, more stromal components, lower tumor purity, lower stemness and intratumor heterogeneity, lower-level copy number alterations, higher global methylation level, and better overall and disease-free survival prognosis. Besides immune-related pathways, stromal pathways (ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton) and neuro-related pathways (neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and prion diseases) were more highly enriched in Imm-H than in Imm-L. We identified nine proteins differentially expressed between Imm-H and Imm-L, of which MYH11, PDCD4, Dvl3, and Syk were upregulated in Imm-H, while PCNA, Acetyl-a-Tubulin-Lys40, ER-α_pS118, Cyclin E2, and β-Catenin were upregulated in Imm-L.
CONCLUSION Our data suggest that “hot” tumors have a better prognosis than “cold” tumors in HBV+ HCC and that “hot” tumors respond better to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Li
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Fan Han
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin He
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Wang
- Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China
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The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Cancers. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122128. [PMID: 36556493 PMCID: PMC9788082 DOI: 10.3390/life12122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer represents a global health challenge with worldwide growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Indeed, approximately 90% of HCC cases have a low survival rate. Moreover, cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is another malignant solid tumor originating from cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of the biliary system. It is the second-most common primary liver tumor, with an increasing course in morbidity and mortality. Tumor cells always show high metabolic levels, antioxidant modifications, and an increased iron uptake to maintain unlimited growth. In recent years, alterations in iron metabolism have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Several findings show that a diet rich in iron can enhance HCC risk. Hence, elevated iron concentration inside the cell may promote the development of HCC. Growing evidence sustains that activating ferroptosis may potentially block the proliferation of HCC cells. Even in CC, it has been shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of tumors. Several data confirmed the inhibitory effect in cell growth of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CC, leading to an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH). MDA and GSH depletion/modulation are crucial in inducing ferroptosis, suggesting that PDT may have the potential to induce this kind of cell death through these ways. A selective induction of programmed cell death in cancer cells is one of the main treatments for malignant tumors; thus, ferroptosis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC and CC.
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Comparative RNA-Sequencing Analysis Reveals High Complexity and Heterogeneity of Transcriptomic and Immune Profiles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumors of Viral (HBV, HCV) and Non-Viral Etiology. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121803. [PMID: 36557005 PMCID: PMC9785216 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. It arises and progresses against fibrotic or cirrhotic backgrounds mainly due to infection with hepatitis viruses B (HBV) or C (HCV) or non-viral causes that lead to chronic inflammation and genomic changes. A better understanding of molecular and immune mechanisms in HCC subtypes is needed. Materials and Methods: To identify transcriptional changes in primary HCC tumors with or without hepatitis viral etiology, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 24 patients by next-generation sequencing. Results: We identified common and unique differentially expressed genes for each etiological tumor group and analyzed the expression of SLC, ATP binding cassette, cytochrome 450, cancer testis, and heat shock protein genes. Metascape functional enrichment analysis showed mainly upregulated cell-cycle pathways in HBV and HCV and upregulated cell response to stress in non-viral infection. GeneWalk analysis identified regulator, hub, and moonlighting genes and highlighted CCNB1, ACTN2, BRCA1, IGF1, CDK1, AURKA, AURKB, and TOP2A in the HCV group and HSF1, HSPA1A, HSP90AA1, HSPB1, HSPA5, PTK2, and AURKB in the group without viral infection as hub genes. Immune infiltrate analysis showed that T cell, cytotoxic, and natural killer cell markers were significantly more highly expressed in HCV than in non-viral tumors. Genes associated with monocyte activation had the highest expression levels in HBV, while high expression of genes involved in primary adaptive immune response and complement receptor activity characterized tumors without viral infection. Conclusions: Our comprehensive study underlines the high degree of complexity of immune profiles in the analyzed groups, which adds to the heterogeneous HCC genomic landscape. The biomarkers identified in each HCC group might serve as therapeutic targets.
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21
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Bioinformatic Deconstruction of Differentially Expressed Sequence Tags in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Artificial Neural Network. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:6716324. [PMID: 36299828 PMCID: PMC9576451 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6716324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medical imaging methods for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma can only provide information for differential diagnosis in terms of morphology and blood supply of the lesion, and the determination of the nature of the lesion still relies on tissue biopsy. Although ultrasound or CT-guided biopsy has become an effective method for the diagnosis of liver cancer in recent years, the puncture has the possibility of tumor irritation, liver tumor rupture, or needle tract metastasis. In this paper, the use of bioinformatics method is to gradually screen potentially high-risk genes associated with HCC recurrence on a genome-wide scale would help to discover the key target molecules. The ANN method was used to establish a gene prediction model that can predict the recurrence and survival of HCC, so as to construct a tool to identify patients at risk of HCC recurrence. It provided a certain therapeutic basis for future clinical work, thereby improving the prognosis of patients with HCC. Using the "survfit" function of the "survival" package in the R language, the log-rank test (the log-rank test was a common method for comparing two survival curves) was performed on all genes with posthoc recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma as the outcome event. Then, the BLAST tool (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) was used to search the similarity of each hepatocellular carcinoma database to find out the genes with similar sequences to each hepatocellular carcinoma, so as to determine the function of each differentially expressed sequence tag. This paper found that the AUC of the ANN model was greater than that of the discriminant analysis model (P < 0.05). This paper promoted the development of new therapeutic measures for hepatocellular carcinoma and provided important theoretical guidance for human beings to fight cancer.
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22
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Aghayev T, Mazitova AM, Fang JR, Peshkova IO, Rausch M, Hung M, White KF, Masia R, Titerina EK, Fatkhullina AR, Cousineau I, Turcotte S, Zhigarev D, Marchenko A, Khoziainova S, Makhov P, Tan YF, Kossenkov AV, Wiest DL, Stagg J, Wang XW, Campbell KS, Dzutsev AK, Trinchieri G, Hill JA, Grivennikov SI, Koltsova EK. IL27 Signaling Serves as an Immunologic Checkpoint for Innate Cytotoxic Cells to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1960-1983. [PMID: 35723626 PMCID: PMC9357073 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although inflammatory mechanisms driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been proposed, the regulators of anticancer immunity in HCC remain poorly understood. We found that IL27 receptor (IL27R) signaling promotes HCC development in vivo. High IL27EBI3 cytokine or IL27RA expression correlated with poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Loss of IL27R suppressed HCC in vivo in two different models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, IL27R sig-naling within the tumor microenvironment restrains the cytotoxicity of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes. IL27R ablation enhanced their accumulation and activation, whereas depletion or functional impairment of innate cytotoxic cells abrogated the effect of IL27R disruption. Pharmacologic neutralization of IL27 signaling increased infiltration of innate cytotoxic lymphocytes with upregulated cytotoxic molecules and reduced HCC development. Our data reveal an unexpected role of IL27R signaling as an immunologic checkpoint regulating innate cytotoxic lymphocytes and promoting HCC of different etiologies, thus indicating a therapeutic potential for IL27 pathway blockade in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE HCC, the most common form of liver cancer, is characterized by a poor survival rate and limited treatment options. The discovery of a novel IL27-dependent mechanism controlling anticancer cytotoxic immune response will pave the road for new treatment options for this devastating disease. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turan Aghayev
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Aleksandra M. Mazitova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 900048
| | - Jennifer R. Fang
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Iuliia O. Peshkova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Matthew Rausch
- Surface Oncology Inc., 50 Hampshire St. Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Manhsin Hung
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Kerry F. White
- Surface Oncology Inc., 50 Hampshire St. Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Ricard Masia
- Surface Oncology Inc., 50 Hampshire St. Cambridge, MA, 02139
| | - Elizaveta K. Titerina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Aliia R. Fatkhullina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Turcotte
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dmitry Zhigarev
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Anastasiia Marchenko
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 900048
| | - Svetlana Khoziainova
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 900048
| | - Petr Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Yin Fei Tan
- Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - David L. Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Kerry S. Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Amiran K. Dzutsev
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | | | - Sergei I. Grivennikov
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 900048
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 900048
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23
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Stella L, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Pompili M, Ponziani FR. Viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: From molecular pathways to the role of clinical surveillance and antiviral treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2251-2281. [PMID: 35800182 PMCID: PMC9185215 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i21.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health challenge. Due to the high prevalence in low-income countries, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infections remain the main risk factors for HCC occurrence, despite the increasing frequencies of non-viral etiologies. In addition, hepatitis D virus coinfection increases the oncogenic risk in patients with HBV infection. The molecular processes underlying HCC development are complex and various, either independent from liver disease etiology or etiology-related. The reciprocal interlinkage among non-viral and viral risk factors, the damaged cellular microenvironment, the dysregulation of the immune system and the alteration of gut-liver-axis are known to participate in liver cancer induction and progression. Oncogenic mechanisms and pathways change throughout the natural history of viral hepatitis with the worsening of liver fibrosis. The high risk of cancer incidence in chronic viral hepatitis infected patients compared to other liver disease etiologies makes it necessary to implement a proper surveillance, both through clinical-biochemical scores and periodic ultrasound assessment. This review aims to outline viral and microenvironmental factors contributing to HCC occurrence in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and to point out the importance of surveillance programs recommended by international guidelines to promote early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Stella
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
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24
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Sharma A, Duseja A, Parkash J, Changotra H. Association of IRGM gene promoter polymorphisms with Hepatitis B Virus infection. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3433. [PMID: 35661332 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to intracellular pathogens the autophagy gene IRGM plays an essential role in the innate immune response. Various identified IRGM gene risk loci are associated with several diseases, but so far no study is available which shows the association of IRGM with HBV infection. METHODS We genotyped promoter variants (rs4958842, rs4958843, and rs4958846) of IRGM in HBV infected patients (551) and healthy controls (247) for their role in HBV infection. The genotyping was done applying methods developed in our laboratory and various biochemical parameters were assessed applying commercially available kits. RESULTS Data analysis has shown that the mutant allele A of rs4958842 plays a role in the protection from HBV infection in various genetic models that includes allelic, co-dominant and dominant models with the respective statistical data (OR=0.61; 95%CI=0.48-0.78; p=0.0003), (OR=0.52; 95%CI=0.38-0.71; p=0.0008) and (OR=0.51; 95%CI=0.38-0.70, p=0.0004). In CHB, protective association was observed in allelic (OR=0.48; 95%CI=0.35-0.65, p=0.0004), co-dominant (OR=0.38; 95%CI=0.26-0.54, p=0.0004) and dominant models (OR=0.38; 95%CI=0.26-0.54, p=0.0002). Mutant allele C of rs49598843 was associated with the risk of CHB in co-dominant (OR=1.52; 95%CI=1.07-2.16, p=0.04) and dominant models (OR=1.41; 95%CI=1.00-2.00, p=0.04). The mutant allele C of rs4958846 decreased the risk of HBV infection in allelic (OR=0.74; 95%CI=0.59-0.92, p=0.01), dominant (OR=0.72; 95%CI=0.53-0.98, p=0.05), homozygous (OR=0.42; 95%CI=0.24-0.74, p=0.01) and recessive (OR=0.42; 95%CI=0.24-0.74, p=0.0004) models. However, in asymptomatic group it was associated with the increased chance of HBV infection. Haplotypes, ATT (OR=0.47; 95%CI=0.33-0.68, p=0.001), GTC (OR=0.68; 95%CI=0.51-0.92, p=0.01) protect while GTT (OR=2.01; 95%CI=(1.55-2.60), p<0.0001) predisposes the individuals to HBV infection. All of these p-values mentioned here were obtained after performing Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings revealed that mutant allele A of rs4958842, mutant allele C of rs4958843 and rs4958846 were associated with hepatitis B virus infection in the North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Sharma
- Advanced Pediatric Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, INDIA
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, INDIA
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, INDIA
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA
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25
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Kang I, Kim JA, Kim J, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Ahn JK. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating SOCS1. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35168698 PMCID: PMC9152579 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.5.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary type of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. HCC patients have poor prognosis due to intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of various liver diseases including HCC. Among HBV gene products, HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development and metastasis of HCC. However, the mechanism of HCC metastasis induced by HBx has not been elucidated yet. In this study, for the first time, we report that HBx interacts with the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) which negatively controls NF-κB by degrading p65, a subunit of NF-κB. NF-κB activates the transcription of factors associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial cellular process associated with invasiveness and migration of cancer cells. Here, we report that HBx physically binds to SOCS1, subsequently prevents the ubiquitination of p65, activates the transcription of EMT transcription factors and enhance cell migration and invasiveness, suggesting a new mechanism of HBV-associated HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Kang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Ae Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinchul Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mi-jee Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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26
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Kang I, Kim JA, Kim J, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Ahn JK. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating SOCS1. BMB Rep 2022; 55:220-225. [PMID: 35168698 PMCID: PMC9152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary type of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. HCC patients have poor prognosis due to intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastasis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of various liver diseases including HCC. Among HBV gene products, HBV X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development and metastasis of HCC. However, the mechanism of HCC metastasis induced by HBx has not been elucidated yet. In this study, for the first time, we report that HBx interacts with the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) which negatively controls NF-κB by degrading p65, a subunit of NF-κB. NF-κB activates the transcription of factors associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial cellular process associated with invasiveness and migration of cancer cells. Here, we report that HBx physically binds to SOCS1, subsequently prevents the ubiquitination of p65, activates the transcription of EMT transcription factors and enhance cell migration and invasiveness, suggesting a new mechanism of HBV-associated HCC metastasis. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(5): 220-225].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Kang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji Ae Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jinchul Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mi-jee Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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27
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Immune-related biomarkers shared by inflammatory bowel disease and liver cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267358. [PMID: 35452485 PMCID: PMC9032416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been indicated that there is an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the risk of developing HCC among patients with IBD is not well understood. The current study aimed to identify shared genes and potential pathways and regulators between IBD and HCC using a system biology approach. By performing the different gene expression analyses, we identified 871 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IBD and HCC. Of these, 112 genes overlapped with immune genes were subjected to subsequent bioinformatics analyses. The results revealed four hub genes (CXCL2, MMP9, SPP1 and SRC) and several other key regulators including six transcription factors (FOXC1, FOXL1, GATA2, YY1, ZNF354C and TP53) and five microRNAs (miR-124-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-1-3p, miR-7-5p and miR-99b-5p) for these disease networks. Protein-drug interaction analysis discovered the interaction of the hub genes with 46 SRC-related and 11 MMP9- related drugs that may have a therapeutic effect on IBD and HCC. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the potential connecting mechanisms of HCC and IBD.
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28
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Newman LA, Muller K, Rowland A. Circulating cell-specific extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic liver diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:232. [PMID: 35397694 PMCID: PMC8995281 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChronic liver diseases represent a burgeoning health problem affecting billions of people worldwide. The insufficient performance of current minimally invasive tools is recognised as a significant barrier to the clinical management of these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a rich source of circulating biomarkers closely linked to pathological processes in originating tissues. Here, we summarise the contribution of EVs to normal liver function and to chronic liver pathologies; and explore the use of circulating EV biomarkers, with a particular focus on techniques to isolate and analyse cell- or tissue-specific EVs. Such approaches present a novel strategy to inform disease status and monitor changes in response to treatment in a minimally invasive manner. Emerging technologies that support the selective isolation and analysis of circulating EVs derived only from hepatic cells, have driven recent advancements in EV-based biomarker platforms for chronic liver diseases and show promise to bring these techniques to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Newman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Muller
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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29
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Ueda C, Langton M, Chen J, Pandelia ME. The HBx protein from hepatitis B virus coordinates a redox-active Fe-S cluster. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101698. [PMID: 35148994 PMCID: PMC9010755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The viral protein HBx is the key regulatory factor of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the main etiology for HBV-associated liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Historically, HBx has defied biochemical and structural characterization, deterring efforts to understand its molecular mechanisms. Here we show that soluble HBx fused to solubility tags copurifies with either a [2Fe-2S] or a [4Fe-4S] cluster, a feature that is shared among five HBV genotypes. We show that the O2-stable [2Fe-2S] cluster form converts to an O2-sensitive [4Fe-4S] state when reacted with chemical reductants, a transformation that is best described by a reductive coupling mechanism reminiscent of Fe-S cluster scaffold proteins. In addition, the Fe-S cluster conversions are partially reversible in successive reduction-oxidation cycles, with cluster loss mainly occurring during (re)oxidation. The considerably negative reduction potential of the [4Fe-4S]2+/1+ couple (-520 mV) suggests that electron transfer may not be likely in the cell. Collectively, our findings identify HBx as an Fe-S protein with striking similarities to Fe-S scaffold proteins both in cluster type and reductive transformation. An Fe-S cluster in HBx offers new insights into its previously unknown molecular properties and sets the stage for deciphering the roles of HBx-associated iron (mis)regulation and reactive oxygen species in the context of liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle Langton
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Coker OO. Non-bacteria microbiome (virus, fungi, and archaea) in gastrointestinal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:256-262. [PMID: 34825404 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses millions of microbes collectively referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbes comprise of bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and microscopic eukaryotes, which co-evolved or colonize the gut forming complex symbiotic and mutualistic relationships. A state of homeostasis is required between host and gut microbiome relationship to maintain several host beneficial processes. Alterations in the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbes are associated with several human diseases including gastrointestinal cancers. Owed to their overwhelming abundance and ease of characterization, several studies focus on the role of bacteria in gastrointestinal cancers. There is however growing evidence that non-bacteria gut microbes are associated with the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. This review details the association of non-bacteria gut microbes including fungi, viruses, and archaea and their potential manipulation in the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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31
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Schemmer P, Burra P, Hu R, Hüber CM, Loinaz C, Machida K, Vogel A, Samuel D. State of the art treatment of hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma and the role of hepatitis B surface antigen post-liver transplantation and resection. Liver Int 2022; 42:288-298. [PMID: 34846790 PMCID: PMC9300017 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal goal of therapy, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and anti-HBs production, is achieved rarely and HBsAg-associated HCC risk is well recognized. Here we review the role of HBsAg in HCC, the link between HBsAg and HCC recurrence post-liver transplantation or resection, and the implications for therapy. HBV-associated carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process. The observation that HBV-related HCC can occur in the absence of cirrhosis is compatible with a direct oncogenic effect of the virus, which may occur via multiple mechanisms, including those mediated by both mutated and unmutated HBsAg. HCC recurrence in HBsAg-positive patients post-liver transplantation has been reported in 10%-15% of patients and is likely to be because of expansion of residual HCC tumour cell populations containing integrated HBV DNA, which expand and independently replicate HBV, leading to the recurrence of both HCC and HBV. The direct role of HBsAg in HCC recurrence post-liver resection is less clear. Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for HCC development, and precancerous cirrhotic liver remains after resection, with the potential to undergo malignant transformation regardless of the existence of HBV-derived oncogenic drivers. The role of HBsAg in the development of HCC and its recurrence post-surgical intervention has multiple implications for therapy and suggests a potential role for immunotherapy in the future management of HCC, in particular post-liver transplantation. Use of hepatitis B immunoglobulins that target HBsAg directly, alongside immune-oncology therapies, may be relevant in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and GastroenterologyPadua University HospitalPaduaItaly
| | - Rey‐Heng Hu
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Carmelo Loinaz
- Department of General and Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospital 12 de OctubreMadridSpain
| | - Keigo Machida
- Keck Hospital of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and EndocrinologyMedizinische Hochschule HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Didier Samuel
- Centre HepatobiliaireUniversity Hospital Paul BrousseUniversity Paris‐Saclay and Inserm‐Paris Saclay Research Unit 1193VillejuifFrance
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Meng J, Wei Y, Deng Q, Li L, Li X. Study on the expression of TOP2A in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with patient prognosis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:29. [PMID: 35033076 PMCID: PMC8761301 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with a high mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanism of HCC formation remains to be explored and studied. Objective To investigate the expression of TOP2A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its prognosis. Methods The data set of hepatocellular carcinoma was downloaded from GEO database for differential gene analysis, and hub gene was identified by Cytoscape. GEPIA was used to verify the expression of HUB gene and evaluate its prognostic value. Then TOP2A was selected as the research object of this paper by combining literature and clinical sample results. Firstly, TIMER database was used to study TOP2A, and the differential expression of TOP2A gene between normal tissues and cancer tissues was analyzed, as well as the correlation between TOP2A gene expression and immune infiltration of HCC cells. Then, the expression of top2a-related antibodies was analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas database, and the differential expression of TOP2A was verified by immunohistochemistry. Then, SRTING database and Cytoscape were used to establish PPI network for TOP2A and protein–protein interaction analysis was performed. The Oncomine database and cBioPortal were used to express and identify TOP2A mutation-related analyses. The expression differences of TOP2A gene were identified by LinkedOmics, and the GO and KEGG pathways were analyzed in combination with related genes. Finally, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the clinical and prognosis of HCC patients. Results TOP2A may be a new biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02439-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Meng
- Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanchao Wei
- Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Pre-Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Longevity and Agingrelated Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Health care resources utilization and costs associated with different clinical stages of chronic hepatitis B in Egypt. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is associated with many serious clinical and social consequences. Despite Egypt being classified as a country of low endemicity, the infection is associated with a 15–25% risk of premature death from liver cancer or end-stage liver disease. The national committee of treatment and control of viral hepatitis has already offered a high-quality service for the diagnosis and treatment of CHB on a free basis. The current study aims to estimate the health care resources utilization and the annual direct medical cost associated with different clinical stages of CHB-related disease in Egypt.
Methodology
The data was retrieved through record review for three months in the General Administration of Hepatitis Viruses Control, Egypt. Then, the data was extrapolated to the population level by multiplying the prevalence in Egypt with a focus on the productive age groups (25–59 years).
Results
The cost and utilization of different health care resources increase with disease progression. The total annual direct medical costs due to CHB in Egypt is 21.3 L.E. Billion (4.7 Int$ billion/year) for the management of estimated 1,420,700 CHB patients. The direct medical costs among the productive age group (25–59 years) constitute more than half of the total cost (57%). The highest disease burden is encountered among (25–29 years) age group; 2.695 L.E. billion (0.59 Int$ billion/year). Despite liver transplantation phase being associated with the highest annual cost/patient, the number of patients in this stage is the lowest. Then, it only constitutes 0.04% of the disease direct medical cost in the country. The chronic hepatitis clinical stage constitutes 57.26% of the disease direct medical cost in Egypt’s working age group.
Conclusion
Strengthening the preventive and control measures is mandatory to alleviate the disease’s direct medical costs. Close monitoring of the chronic hepatitis stage is mandatory to prevent disease progression. Enhancement of vaccination efforts will lower the disease prevalence and its cost. The universal health insurance system which is gradually implemented in Egypt nowadays will be a cornerstone in relieving the economic stresses by allowing more access to high-quality health care services.
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Galle PR, Kudo M, Llovet JM, Finn RS, Karwal M, Pezet D, Kim TY, Yang TS, Lonardi S, Tomasek J, Phelip JM, Touchefeu Y, Koh SJ, Stirnimann G, Liang K, Ogburn KD, Wang C, Abada P, Widau RC, Zhu AX. Ramucirumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact of liver disease aetiology. Liver Int 2021; 41:2759-2767. [PMID: 34173317 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common complication of chronic liver disease with diverse underlying aetiologies. REACH/REACH-2 were global phase III studies investigating ramucirumab in advanced HCC (aHCC) following sorafenib treatment. We performed an exploratory analysis of outcomes by liver disease aetiology and baseline serum viral load. METHODS Meta-analysis was conducted in patients with aHCC and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL (N = 542) from REACH/REACH-2 trials. Individual patient-level data were pooled with results reported by aetiology subgroup (hepatitis B [HBV] or C [HCV] and Other). Pre-treatment serum HBV DNA and HCV RNA were quantified using Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model (stratified by study). RESULTS Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between arms in each subgroup (HBV: N = 225, HCV: N = 127, Other: N = 190). No significant difference in treatment effect by aetiology subgroup was detected (OS interaction P-value = .23). Median OS (ramucirumab vs placebo) in months was 7.7 versus 4.5 (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99) for HBV, 8.2 versus 5.5 (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.55-1.23) for HCV and 8.5 versus 5.4 (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.79) for Other. Ramucirumab showed similar overall safety profiles across subgroups. Worst outcomes were noted in patients with a detectable HBV load. Use of HBV antiviral therapy, irrespective of viral load, was beneficial for survival, liver function and liver-specific adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Ramucirumab improved survival across aetiology subgroups with a tolerable safety profile, supporting its use in patients with aHCC and elevated AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Galle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana d'Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark Karwal
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Denis Pezet
- Estaing Hospital, Aubrac, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sara Lonardi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Jiri Tomasek
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Su-Jin Koh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Guido Stirnimann
- University Hospital Inselspital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kun Liang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Paolo Abada
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China
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Involvement of Kynurenine Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205180. [PMID: 34680327 PMCID: PMC8533819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a biochemical pathway that synthesizes the vital coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In cancer, the KP is significantly activated, leading to tryptophan depletion and the production of downstream metabolites, which skews the immune response towards tumour tolerance. More specifically, advanced stage cancers that readily metastasize evidence the most dysregulation in KP enzymes, providing a clear link between the KP and cancer morbidity. Consequently, this provides the rationale for an attractive new drug discovery opportunity for adjuvant therapeutics targeting KP-mediated immune tolerance, which would greatly complement current pharmacological interventions. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the roles of the KP and clinical trials examining KP inhibition in liver cancer. Abstract As the second and third leading cancer-related death in men and the world, respectively, primary liver cancer remains a major concern to human health. Despite advances in diagnostic technology, patients with primary liver cancer are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Treatment options for patients with advanced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) are limited to systemic treatment with multikinase inhibitors and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate for these late-stage HCC patients is approximately 12% worldwide. There is an unmet need to identify novel treatment options and/or sensitive blood-based biomarker(s) to detect this cancer at an early stage. Given that the liver harbours the largest proportion of immune cells in the human body, understanding the tumour–immune microenvironment has gained increasing attention as a potential target to treat cancer. The kynurenine pathway (KP) has been proposed to be one of the key mechanisms used by the tumour cells to escape immune surveillance for proliferation and metastasis. In an inflammatory environment such as cancer, the KP is elevated, suppressing local immune cell populations and enhancing tumour growth. In this review, we collectively describe the roles of the KP in cancer and provide information on the latest research into the KP in primary liver cancer.
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Jeng LB, Li TC, Hsu SC, Chan WL, Teng CF. Association of Low Serum Albumin Level with Higher Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S2 Mutant after Curative Surgical Resection. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184187. [PMID: 34575311 PMCID: PMC8464848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is, globally, one of the most prevalent and deadly human cancers; despite curative surgical resection, its high recurrence rate after surgery remains a large threat, resulting in poor patient survival. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S2 mutant that harbors deletions spanning the pre-S2 gene segment has emerged as an important oncoprotein for HCC development and a valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC recurrence; however, its relationship with clinicopathological factors is largely unexplored. In this study, the correlation of the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment with clinicopathological factors and the association of such correlation with HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection were examined in HBV-related HCC patients. Inverse correlation between serum albumin level and the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment was identified. HCC patients with the presence of the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment and a low serum albumin level were associated with higher HCC recurrence than patients with either factor alone or neither factor were. Moreover, a combination of the serum albumin level and the deletion spanning the pre-S2 gene segment exhibited better performance than that of either factor alone in predicting HCC recurrence. Collectively, this study shows an association of low serum albumin level with pre-S2 mutant-positive HCC patients, and validates the prognostic value of this association in identifying patients with higher HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (L.-B.J.); (S.-C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Hsu
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (L.-B.J.); (S.-C.H.)
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan;
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; (L.-B.J.); (S.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121; Fax: +886-4-2202-9083
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Kim SH, Seung BJ, Cho SH, Lim HY, Bae MK, Sur JH. Arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein are downregulated in canine hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e61. [PMID: 34423599 PMCID: PMC8460467 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy in humans and dogs. Several differentially expressed molecules have been studied and reported in human hepatocellular carcinoma and non-neoplastic liver lesions. However, studies on the features of canine hepatocellular carcinoma are limited, especially related to the differential characteristics of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Objectives The study's objective was 1) to examine and evaluate the expression of arginase-1, P-glycoprotein, and cytokeratin 19 in canine liver tissues and 2) to investigate the differential features of hepatocellular carcinomas, liver tissue with non-neoplastic lesions, and paracancerous liver tissues in dogs. Methods The expression levels of three markers underwent immunohistochemical analysis in 40 non-neoplastic liver tissues, 32 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, and 11 paracancerous liver tissues. Scoring of each marker was performed semi-quantitatively. Results Arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein were significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with hepatic tissues with non-neoplastic diseases (p < 0.001). Expression levels of arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein were also significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma than in paracancerous liver tissues (arginase-1, p = 0.0195; P-glycoprotein, p = 0.047). Few cytokeratin 19-positive hepatocytes were detected and only in one hepatocellular carcinoma and one cirrhotic liver sample. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that downregulation of arginase-1 and P-glycoprotein is a feature of canine hepatocellular carcinoma; thus, those markers are potential candidates for use in differentiating hepatocellular carcinomas from non-neoplastic liver lesions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Seung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Lim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Bae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyang Sur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Mallick S, Mallik M, Chatterjee RN, Chowdhury PS. Role of Cell Block Technology as an Adjunct to Fine Needle Aspiration in Evaluating as well as Differentiating Liver Lesions. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:392-402. [PMID: 34567188 PMCID: PMC8463751 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.20201.522897.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Liver lesions are difficult to diagnose and to differentiate primary from metastatic carcinoma, while Biopsy has its limitations. Cell block technology is easily accessible with high diagnostic accuracy. Our aim is 1) To find the role of cell block technology as an alternative to biopsy in identifying liver lesions; 2) To find the efficacy of cell block along with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ancillary studies in differentiating primary from metastatic lesions; 3) To identify the site of origin of metastatic lesions. This is a descriptive study undertaken in two tertiary care hospitals over a period of three years. METHODS Retrospective review of adequate samples from fine needle aspirations from liver lesions under radiological coverage, converted into cell block was done. IHC was applied as needed. Usefulness of cell block preparation was evaluated, and the final diagnosis correlated with the biopsy results. RESULTS Analysis of 323 cases found sensitivity of 98.75% and positive predictive value of 99% for all lesions. Sensitivity for metastatic carcinomas was slightly more than hepatocellular carcinoma. However, accuracy of cell block results for individual metastatic lesions and site of origin was less. IHC and morphological pattern worked as an important adjunct in the final diagnosis. On the other hand, contribution of viral markers as a supplement in the final work up was ambiguous. CONCLUSION High precision of validity results of cell block technology in comparison with biopsy highlights its pivotal role in conjunction with supportive tests for diagnosing and differentiating liver lesions as well as identifying primary sites in liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mallick
- Department of Pathology, KPC Medical College, West Bengal University of health Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Mahasweta Mallik
- Department of Pathology, Nalanda Medical College, Assistant professor, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna, India
| | | | - Puskar Shyam Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, KPC Medical College, West Bengal University of health Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Zhang LY, Zhang JG, Yang X, Cai MH, Zhang CW, Hu ZM. Targeting Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment for the Prevention of Hepatic Cancer: Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Targeted Delivery. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2789-2800. [PMID: 33076809 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666201019111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of the ancient and most accepted alternative medicinal systems in the world for the treatment of health ailments. World Health Organization recognizes TCM as one of the primary healthcare practices followed across the globe. TCM utilizes a holistic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) surrounds cancer cells and plays pivotal roles in tumor development, growth, progression, and therapy resistance. TME is a hypoxic and acidic environment that includes immune cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components. Targeting TME using targeted drug delivery and nanoparticles is an attractive strategy for the treatment of solid tumors and recently has received significant research attention under precise medicine concept. TME plays a pivotal role in the overall survival and metastasis of a tumor by stimulating cell proliferation, preventing the tumor clearance by the immune cells, enhancing the oncogenic potential of the cancer cells, and promoting tumor invasion. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-associated deaths affecting millions of individuals worldwide each year. TCM herbs contain several bioactive phytoconstituents with a broad range of biological, physiological, and immunological effects on the system. Several TCM herbs and their monomers have shown inhibitory effects in HCC by controlling the TME. This study reviews the fundamentals and applications of targeting strategies for immunosuppressing TME to treat cancers. This study focuses on TME targeting strategies using TCM herbs and the molecular mechanisms of several TCM herbs and their monomers on controlling TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun’an
Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Gang Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Hua Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun’an
Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Zhang D, Zhang K, Protzer U, Zeng C. HBV Integration Induces Complex Interactions between Host and Viral Genomic Functions at the Insertion Site. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:399-408. [PMID: 34221926 PMCID: PMC8237140 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), one of the well-known DNA oncogenic viruses, is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In infected hepatocytes, HBV DNA can be integrated into the host genome through an insertional mutagenesis process inducing tumorigenesis. Dissection of the genomic features surrounding integration sites will deepen our understanding of mechanisms underlying integration. Moreover, the quantity and biological activity of integration sites may reflect the DNA damage within affected cells or the potential survival benefits they may confer. The well-known human genomic features include repeat elements, particular regions (such as telomeres), and frequently interrupted genes (e.g., telomerase reverse transcriptase [i.e. TERT], lysine methyltransferase 2B [i.e. KMT2B], cyclin E1 [CCNE1], and cyclin A2 [CCNA2]). Consequently, distinct genomic features within diverse integrations differentiate their biological functions. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence has shown that viral proteins produced by integrants may cause cell damage even after the suppression of HBV replication. The integration-derived gene products can also serve as tumor markers, promoting the development of novel therapeutic strategies for HCC. Viral integrants can be single copy or multiple copies of different fragments with complicated rearrangement, which warrants elucidation of the whole viral integrant arrangement in future studies. All of these considerations underlie an urgent need to develop novel methodology and technology for sequence characterization and function evaluation of integration events in chronic hepatitis B-associated disease progression by monitoring both host genomic features and viral integrants. This endeavor may also serve as a promising solution for evaluating the risk of tumorigenesis and as a companion diagnostic for designing therapeutic strategies targeting integration-related disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- SCG Cell Therapy Pte. Ltd, Singapore
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Urlike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Changqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bao CY, Hung HC, Chen YW, Fan CY, Huang CJ, Huang W. Requirement of cyclin-dependent kinase function for hepatitis B virus cccDNA synthesis as measured by digital PCR. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:280-286. [PMID: 31964596 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES HBV covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA is the key player in viral persistence and an important predictive biomarker for hepatitis relapse. Precise quantification of intracellular cccDNA is challenging because cccDNA is present in very low levels in hepatocytes, where it also co-exists with a large excess amount of relaxed circular (rc) DNA. We aimed to develop a highly sensitive cccDNA detection method for cccDNA quantification by digital PCR (dPCR). PATIENTS OR MATERIALS AND METHODS A standard plasmid containing the whole HBV genome in the closed circular conformation was employed to characterize the performance of dPCR. rcDNA in the growth medium of HBV-producing HepAD38 cells was used as a matrix for cccDNA detection. Intrahepatic cccDNA measurement by dPCR and qPCR was performed to determine the correlation of the analysis results for the two methods. RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD) of the cccDNA dPCR was 1.05copy/μl, and the linear range of detection was 1.02×104copies/μl, achieving a dynamic detection range of 104-fold. cccDNA measurement using excess rcDNA as the matrix did not reveal false-positive detection, indicating that dPCR was highly specific. In the HepAD38 cells, the cccDNA levels measured by dPCR were highly correlated with those measured by qPCR but had a higher sensitivity. The CDK inhibitor AZD-5438 was found to block intracellular cccDNA synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Dpcr greatly improved the sensitivity and specificity of cccDNA detection. Host CDK activities are likely required for cccDNA synthesis. dPCR can potentially be applied for drug screening for effective cccDNA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Bao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chin Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Cold Spring Biotech Corp, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Jung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Barcena-Varela M, Lujambio A. The Endless Sources of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112621. [PMID: 34073538 PMCID: PMC8198457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor heterogeneity in liver cancer is a major contributor to the high lethality rate found in patients suffering from this disease. The therapeutic outcomes are drastically affected by this heterogeneity, which complicates patient stratification and response prediction. Better understanding of all the factors that can contribute to this heterogeneity will be critical to improve our understanding of liver cancer, in order to optimize the outcome of patients. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health problem. The incidence keeps increasing and current therapeutic options confer limited benefits to the patients. Tumor heterogeneity plays a central role in this context, limiting the availability of predictive biomarkers and complicating the criteria used to choose the most suitable therapeutic option. HCC heterogeneity occurs at different levels: within the population (inter-patient heterogeneity) and within tumors from the same patient (intra-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity). Experts in the field have made many efforts to classify the patients based on clinicopathological characteristics and molecular signatures; however, there is still much work ahead to be able to integrate the extra-tumor heterogeneity that emerges from the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease and therapy responses. In this review, we summarize tumor intrinsic and extrinsic sources of heterogeneity of the most common etiologies of HCC and summarize the most recent discoveries regarding the evolutionary trajectory of liver cancer cells and the influence of tumor-extrinsic factors such as the microbiome and the host immune system. We further highlight the potential of novel high-throughput methodologies to contribute to a better understanding of this devastating disease and to the improvement of the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Barcena-Varela
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +1-212-824-9338
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43
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Dzobo K. The Role of Viruses in Carcinogenesis and Molecular Targeting: From Infection to Being a Component of the Tumor Microenvironment. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:358-371. [PMID: 34037476 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
About a tenth of all cancers are caused by viruses or associated with viral infection. Recent global events including the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic means that human encounter with viruses is increased. Cancer development in individuals with viral infection can take many years after infection, demonstrating that the involvement of viruses in cancer development is a long and complex process. This complexity emanates from individual genetic heterogeneity and the many steps involved in cancer development owing to viruses. The process of tumorigenesis is driven by the complex interaction between several viral factors and host factors leading to the creation of a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is ideal and promotes tumor formation. Viruses associated with human cancers ensure their survival and proliferation through activation of several cellular processes including inflammation, migration, and invasion, resistance to apoptosis and growth suppressors. In addition, most human oncoviruses evade immune detection and can activate signaling cascades including the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Notch and Wnt pathways associated with enhanced proliferation and angiogenesis. This expert review examines and synthesizes the multiple biological factors related to oncoviruses, and the signaling cascades activated by these viruses contributing to viral oncogenesis. In particular, I examine and review the Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomaviruses, and Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus in a context of cancer pathogenesis. I conclude with a future outlook on therapeutic targeting of the viruses and their associated oncogenic pathways within the TME. These anticancer strategies can be in the form of, but not limited to, antibodies and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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44
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Qin C, Gao Y, Li J, Huang C, He S. Predictive effects of preoperative serum CA125 and AFP levels on post-hepatectomy survival in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:487. [PMID: 33968203 PMCID: PMC8100965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125; also termed MUC16) and the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been widely reported to date. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between preoperative serum CA125 levels and prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC after hepatectomy. The study included 306 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent liver resection and were classified into four subgroups based on their baseline CA125 and α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The perioperative clinical data were compared and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between patient clinicopathological characteristics and survival. The results revealed that the median follow-up time was 35 months. Patients with low preoperative serum CA125 levels presented with improved 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) (79.3 vs. 75.7%; P=0.278) and overall survival (OS) (84.4 vs. 77.1%; P=0.001) rates compared with those among patients with high preoperative serum CA125 levels. High preoperative serum CA125 levels were a risk factor associated with short DFS and OS rates in all patients. In patients with baseline AFP levels >100 ng/ml, low preoperative serum CA125 levels were significantly associated with prolonged DFS and OS rates (log-rank test P=0.002 and P=0.005, respectively). In patients with AFP levels ≤100 ng/ml, no significant differences were observed in DFS or OS rates between the high and low preoperative serum CA125 groups. Patients with high preoperative serum CA125 and AFP levels exhibited the worst prognosis (low DFS and OS rates). In conclusion, high baseline CA125 levels may be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Qin
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfa Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Increased infiltration of regulatory T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma of patients with hepatitis B virus pre-S2 mutant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1136. [PMID: 33441885 PMCID: PMC7807072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and deadly human cancer worldwide that is intimately associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Pre-S2 mutant is a HBV oncoprotein that plays important roles in HCC development and is linked to poor prognosis in HCC patients. However, the profiles of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC tissues of pre-S2 mutant-positive patients remain unknown. In this study, we performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining to detect the infiltration of 'anti-tumor' cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and 'pro-tumor' regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pre-S2 mutant-positive and -negative HCC patients. We showed that pre-S2 mutant-positive patients had a significantly higher infiltration of CD4+CD25+ cells and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing cells but similar CTLs and lower granzyme B-expressing cells in HCC tissues compared with pre-S2 mutant-negative patients. Moreover, the percentage of pre-S2 plus pre-S1 + pre-S2 deletion (pre-S2 mutant) was positively correlated with the density of CD4+CD25+ cells and Foxp3-expressing cells but negatively with granzyme B-expressing cells in HCC tissues. Considering that increased intratumoral Tregs have been shown to promote tumor immune evasion, our data may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HBV pre-S2 mutant-induced HCC and suggest that therapeutics targeting Tregs may be a promising strategy for treating pre-S2 mutant-positive high-risk patient population.
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Kang L, Zhang ZH, Zhao Y. SCAMP3 is regulated by miR-128-3p and promotes the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through EGFR-MAPK p38 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7870-7884. [PMID: 33437366 PMCID: PMC7791489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the regulatory mechanism of secretory carrier membrane protein 3 (SCAMP3) and miR-128-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of 52 HCC patients treated in our hospital were collected to explore the prognostic factors affecting their 3-year survival. HCC cells were purchased, the gene expression of Huh-7 and MHCC97 were adjusted by transfection, and the levels of SCAMP3, miR-128-3p, EGFR, p-EGFR, MAPK p38, p-MAPK p38, N-cadherin, vimentin, E-cadherin, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected. A nude mouse model of HCC was constructed to verify the effects of transfection of mimics. RESULTS SCAMP3 was elevated in HCC patients and cancer tissues of HCC patients, while miR-128-3p showed opposite effects. High level SCAMP3 and low level miR-128-3p were related to poor prognosis of HCC. Both of them were correlated with excessive drinking history, N-stage, M-stage and pathological differentiation degree of HCC patients, as well as prognostic factors of HCC patients. SCAMP3 up-regulation or miR-128-3p down-regulation could promote HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and transcription and protein levels of EGFR, p-EGFR, MAPK p38, p-MAPK p38, N-cadherin and vimentin, and inhibit HCC cell apoptosis and transcription and protein levels of E-cadherin. Dual luciferase reporter identified the targeting relationship between SCAMP3 and miR-128-3p. When both SCAMP3 and miR-128-3p were elevated or reduced, the biological manifestation of cells was not different from that of miR-NC transfected with unrelated sequences. Besides, miR-128-3p inhibited tumor growth in the HCC model in nude mice. CONCLUSION SCAMP3 can be controlled by miR-128-3p and can mediate the EGFR-MAPK p38 signaling pathway to inhibit HCC cell metastasis, which is expected to become a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Center, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Ze-Hua Zhang
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Center, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineJiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Setayesh T, Colquhoun SD, Wan YJY. Overexpression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. LIVER RESEARCH 2020; 4:173-179. [PMID: 34567824 PMCID: PMC8460053 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins (Gals) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that bind to β-galactoside containing glycans. Abnormal expression of Gals is associated with the development, progression, and metastasis of different types of cancer. Among the 11 Gals identified in humans, the roles of Gal-1 and Gal-3 have been extensively investigated in various tumors. Here, we summarize the roles of overly expressed Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overexpression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 correlates with tumor growth, HCC cell migration and invasion, tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis. A potentially promising future treatment strategy for HCC may include the combination of immunotherapy with Gal-1 inhibition. Additional research is warranted to investigate targeting Gal-1 and Gal-3 for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. (Y.-J.Y. Wan)
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48
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Teng CF, Li TC, Huang HY, Chan WL, Wu HC, Shyu WC, Su IJ, Jeng LB. Hepatitis B virus pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) in plasma predicts recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgical resection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242748. [PMID: 33237972 PMCID: PMC7688176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite curative surgical resection, high recurrence of HCC after surgery results in poor patient survival. To develop prognostic markers is therefore important for better prevention and therapy of recurrent HCC to improve patient outcomes. Deletion mutations over the pre-S1 and pre-S2 gene segments of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been closely associated with recurrence of HCC after curative surgical resection. In this study, we applied a next-generation sequencing-based approach to further evaluate the association of pre-S deletion regions with HCC recurrence. We demonstrated that the pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) was the most predominant deletion regions of pre-S gene in plasma of HBV-related HCC patients. Moreover, patients with the pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) exhibited a significantly higher risk of HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection than those without. The pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) in plasma represented a prognostic factor that independently predicted HCC recurrence with greater performance than other clinicopathological and viral factors. Our data suggest that detection of the pre-S2 deletion (nucleotide 1 to 54) in plasma may be a promising noninvasive strategy for identifying patients at high risk for HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFT); (IJS); (LBJ)
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFT); (IJS); (LBJ)
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFT); (IJS); (LBJ)
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49
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Wungu CDK, Ariyanto FC, Prabowo GI, Soetjipto, Handajani R. Association between five types of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1134. [PMID: 33228594 PMCID: PMC7686711 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research focusing on the relationship between five types of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) SNPs and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were still controversial. Hereby, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the association between TNF-α promoter SNPs: -1031 T/C, - 863 C/A, - 857 C/T, - 308 G/A, and - 238 G/A with HCC risk. METHODS We interrogated articles from journal database: PubMed, Pro-Quest, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Springer to determine the relationship between five types of SNPs in TNF-α gene with HCC risk. RevMan 5.3 software was used for analysis in fixed/random effect models. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 23 potential articles from 2004 to 2018 with 3237 HCC cases and 4843 controls. We found that SNP - 863 C/A were associated with a significantly increased HCC risk (A vs C, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03-1.67). Similar results were obtained in - 857 C/T (TT/CT vs CC, OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.62), - 308 G/A (AA vs GG, OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 2.06-4.79), and - 238 G/A (AA vs GG, OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.32-11.34). While no associations were observed between SNP TNF-α - 1031 T/C and HCC risk. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis showed that TNFα SNPs -863C/A, - 857 C/T, - 308 G/A, and - 238 G/A were associated with the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. .,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Fis Citra Ariyanto
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia.,Hearing Vision Ltd-Darmo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Soetjipto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Retno Handajani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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50
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Jang TY, Wei YJ, Hsu CT, Hsu PY, Liu TW, Lin YH, Liang PC, Hsieh MH, Ko YM, Tsai YS, Chen KY, Lin CC, Tsai PC, Wang SC, Huang CI, Yeh ML, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Chuang WL, Huang JF, Dai CY, Huang CF, Yu ML. Serial serologic changes of hepatitis D virus in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ides analogues therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1886-1892. [PMID: 32247291 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The serial serologic changes of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients who received oral nucleotide/nucleoside analogues are elusive. METHODS Serum anti-HDV and HDV RNA among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were tested at the time of initiating anti-HBV therapy and subsequently during the follow-up period. RESULTS The seropositive rate of anti-HDV and HDV RNA among 2850 CHB patients, was 2.7% and 0.9%, respectively. Factors associated with anti-HDV seropositivity were platelet counts (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.995/0.992-0.999; P = 0.006), HBV DNA levels (OR/CI: 0.81/0.70-0.94; P = 0.005), and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity (OR/CI: 0.22/0.05-0.95; P = 0.04). The only factor associated with HDV RNA positivity among anti-HDV seropositive patients was age (OR/CI: 0.95/0.90-1.00; P = 0.03). The spontaneous clearance rate of serum anti-HDV antibody was 3.0 per 100 person-years with a median follow-up period of 3.5 years (range 2-12 years), whereas the seroclearance rate of HDV RNA was 4.3 per 100 person-years among anti-HDV seropositive patients after a median follow-up period of 6.0 years (range 2-11 years). A baseline anti-HDV titer < 0.5 cut-off index was the only factor predictive of anti-HDV seroclearance (hazard ratio [HR]/CI: 30.11/3.73-242.85; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HDV infection was not common among patients treated for HBV in Taiwan. Seroclearance of anti-HDV and HDV RNA did occur over time, albeit the chance is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Hsu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Hsu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Ko
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Center for Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Cancer Research and Liquid Biopsy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) and Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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