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Murali S, Ding H, Adedeji F, Qin C, Obungoloch J, Asllani I, Anazodo U, Ntusi NAB, Mammen R, Niendorf T, Adeleke S. Bringing MRI to low- and middle-income countries: Directions, challenges and potential solutions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e4992. [PMID: 37401341 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The global disparity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a major challenge, with many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experiencing limited access to MRI. The reasons for limited access are technological, economic and social. With the advancement of MRI technology, we explore why these challenges still prevail, highlighting the importance of MRI as the epidemiology of disease changes in LMICs. In this paper, we establish a framework to develop MRI with these challenges in mind and discuss the different aspects of MRI development, including maximising image quality using cost-effective components, integrating local technology and infrastructure and implementing sustainable practices. We also highlight the current solutions-including teleradiology, artificial intelligence and doctor and patient education strategies-and how these might be further improved to achieve greater access to MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Murali
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hao Ding
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fope Adedeji
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Qin
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Johnes Obungoloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Iris Asllani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Udunna Anazodo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- The Research Institute of London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Regina Mammen
- Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, UK
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (BUFF), Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sola Adeleke
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- High Dimensional Neuro-oncology, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Varghese J, Nayak KS, Ramasawmy R, Simonetti OP. Cardiac MRI at Low Field Strengths. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:412-430. [PMID: 37530545 PMCID: PMC10834858 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac MR imaging is well established for assessment of cardiovascular structure and function, myocardial scar, quantitative flow, parametric mapping, and myocardial perfusion. Despite the clear evidence supporting the use of cardiac MRI for a wide range of indications, it is underutilized clinically. Recent developments in low-field MRI technology, including modern data acquisition and image reconstruction methods, are enabling high-quality low-field imaging that may improve the cost-benefit ratio for cardiac MRI. Studies to-date confirm that low-field MRI offers high measurement concordance and consistent interpretation with clinical imaging for several routine sequences. Moreover, low-field MRI may enable specific new clinical opportunities for cardiac imaging such as imaging near metal implants, MRI-guided interventions, combined cardiopulmonary assessment, and imaging of patients with severe obesity. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in low-field cardiac MRI with a focus on technical developments and early clinical validation studies. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Juliet Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Alfred Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD USA
| | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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3
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Tian Y, Nayak KS. New clinical opportunities of low-field MRI: heart, lung, body, and musculoskeletal. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:1-14. [PMID: 37902898 PMCID: PMC10876830 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary whole-body low-field MRI scanners (< 1 T) present new and exciting opportunities for improved body imaging. The fundamental reason is that the reduced off-resonance and reduced SAR provide substantially increased flexibility in the design of MRI pulse sequences. Promising body applications include lung parenchyma imaging, imaging adjacent to metallic implants, cardiac imaging, and dynamic imaging in general. The lower cost of such systems may make MRI favorable for screening high-risk populations and population health research, and the more open configurations allowed may prove favorable for obese subjects and for pregnant women. This article summarizes promising body applications for contemporary whole-body low-field MRI systems, with a focus on new platforms developed within the past 5 years. This is an active area of research, and one can expect many improvements as MRI physicists fully explore the landscape of pulse sequences that are feasible, and as clinicians apply these to patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 406, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA.
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 406, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2564, USA
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4
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Guenthner C, Peereboom SM, Dillinger H, McGrath C, Albannay MM, Vishnevskiy V, Fuetterer M, Luechinger R, Jenneskens T, Sturzenegger U, Overweg J, Koken P, Börnert P, Kozerke S. Ramping down a clinical 3 T scanner: a journey into MRI and MRS at 0.75 T. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:10.1007/s10334-023-01089-9. [PMID: 37171689 PMCID: PMC10386956 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Lower-field MR is reemerging as a viable, potentially cost-effective alternative to high-field MR, thanks to advances in hardware, sequence design, and reconstruction over the past decades. Evaluation of lower field strengths, however, is limited by the availability of lower-field systems on the market and their considerable procurement costs. In this work, we demonstrate a low-cost, temporary alternative to purchasing a dedicated lower-field MR system. MATERIALS AND METHODS By ramping down an existing clinical 3 T MRI system to 0.75 T, proton signals can be acquired using repurposed 13C transmit/receive hardware and the multi-nuclei spectrometer interface. We describe the ramp-down procedure and necessary software and hardware changes to the system. RESULTS Apart from presenting system characterization results, we show in vivo examples of cardiac cine imaging, abdominal two- and three-point Dixon-type water/fat separation, water/fat-separated MR Fingerprinting, and point-resolved spectroscopy. In addition, the ramp-down approach allows unique comparisons of, e.g., gradient fidelity of the same MR system operated at different field strengths using the same receive chain, gradient coils, and amplifiers. DISCUSSION Ramping down an existing MR system may be seen as a viable alternative for lower-field MR research in groups that already own multi-nuclei hardware and can also serve as a testing platform for custom-made multi-nuclei transmit/receive coils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Guenthner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Hannes Dillinger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charles McGrath
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Valery Vishnevskiy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Fuetterer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Luechinger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Varghese J, Jin N, Giese D, Chen C, Liu Y, Pan Y, Nair N, Shalaan MT, Khan M, Tong MS, Ahmad R, Han Y, Simonetti OP. Building a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance exam on a commercial 0.55 T system: A pictorial essay on potential applications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1120982. [PMID: 36937932 PMCID: PMC10014600 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contemporary advances in low-field magnetic resonance imaging systems can potentially widen access to cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. We present our initial experience in building a comprehensive CMR protocol on a commercial 0.55 T system with a gradient performance of 26 mT/m amplitude and 45 T/m/s slew rate. To achieve sufficient image quality, we adapted standard imaging techniques when possible, and implemented compressed-sensing (CS) based techniques when needed in an effort to compensate for the inherently low signal-to-noise ratio at lower field strength. Methods A prototype CMR exam was built on an 80 cm, ultra-wide bore commercial 0.55 T MR system. Implementation of all components aimed to overcome the inherently lower signal of low-field and the relatively longer echo and repetition times owing to the slower gradients. CS-based breath-held and real-time cine imaging was built utilizing high acceleration rates to meet nominal spatial and temporal resolution recommendations. Similarly, CS 2D phase-contrast cine was implemented for flow. Dark-blood turbo spin echo sequences with deep learning based denoising were implemented for morphology assessment. Magnetization-prepared single-shot myocardial mapping techniques incorporated additional source images. CS-based dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging was implemented for myocardial perfusion and 3D MR angiography. Non-contrast 3D MR angiography was built with electrocardiogram-triggered, navigator-gated magnetization-prepared methods. Late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) tissue characterization methods included breath-held segmented and free-breathing single-shot imaging with motion correction and averaging using an increased number of source images. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated through porcine infarct model, healthy volunteer, and patient scans. Results Reasonable image quality was demonstrated for cardiovascular structure, function, flow, and LGE assessment. Low-field afforded utilization of higher flip angles for cine and MR angiography. CS-based techniques were able to overcome gradient speed limitations and meet spatial and temporal resolution recommendations with imaging times comparable to higher performance scanners. Tissue mapping and perfusion imaging require further development. Conclusion We implemented cardiac applications demonstrating the potential for comprehensive CMR on a novel commercial 0.55 T system. Further development and validation studies are needed before this technology can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ning Jin
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Malvern, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Giese
- Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yingmin Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nikita Nair
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud T. Shalaan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew S. Tong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yuchi Han
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Orlando P. Simonetti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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6
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Heiss R, Tan L, Schmidt S, Regensburger AP, Ewert F, Mammadova D, Buehler A, Vogel-Claussen J, Voskrebenzev A, Rauh M, Rompel O, Nagel AM, Lévy S, Bickelhaupt S, May MS, Uder M, Metzler M, Trollmann R, Woelfle J, Wagner AL, Knieling F. Pulmonary Dysfunction after Pediatric COVID-19. Radiology 2023; 306:e221250. [PMID: 36125379 PMCID: PMC9513839 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Long COVID occurs at a lower frequency in children and adolescents than in adults. Morphologic and free-breathing phase-resolved functional low-field-strength MRI may help identify persistent pulmonary manifestations after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Purpose To characterize both morphologic and functional changes of lung parenchyma at low-field-strength MRI in children and adolescents with post-COVID-19 condition compared with healthy controls. Materials and Methods Between August and December 2021, a cross-sectional clinical trial using low-field-strength MRI was performed in children and adolescents from a single academic medical center. The primary outcome was the frequency of morphologic changes at MRI. Secondary outcomes included MRI-derived functional proton ventilation and perfusion parameters. Clinical symptoms, the duration from positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test result, and serologic parameters were compared with imaging results. Nonparametric tests for pairwise and corrected tests for groupwise comparisons were applied to assess differences in healthy controls, recovered participants, and those with long COVID. Results A total of 54 participants after COVID-19 infection (mean age, 11 years ± 3 [SD]; 30 boys [56%]) and nine healthy controls (mean age, 10 years ± 3; seven boys [78%]) were included: 29 (54%) in the COVID-19 group had recovered from infection and 25 (46%) were classified as having long COVID on the day of enrollment. Morphologic abnormality was identified in one recovered participant. Both ventilated and perfused lung parenchyma (ventilation-perfusion [V/Q] match) was higher in healthy controls (81% ± 6.1) compared with the recovered group (62% ± 19; P = .006) and the group with long COVID (60% ± 20; P = .003). V/Q match was lower in patients with time from COVID-19 infection to study participation of less than 180 days (63% ± 20; P = .03), 180-360 days (63% ± 18; P = .03), and 360 days (41% ± 12; P < .001) as compared with the never-infected healthy controls (81% ± 6.1). Conclusion Low-field-strength MRI showed persistent pulmonary dysfunction in children and adolescents who recovered from COVID-19 and those with long COVID. Clinical trial registration no. NCT04990531 © RSNA, 2022 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Paltiel in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Heiss
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Lina Tan
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Adrian P Regensburger
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Franziska Ewert
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Dilbar Mammadova
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Adrian Buehler
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Jens Vogel-Claussen
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Andreas Voskrebenzev
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Manfred Rauh
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Oliver Rompel
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Armin M Nagel
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Simon Lévy
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Sebastian Bickelhaupt
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Matthias S May
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Michael Uder
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Markus Metzler
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Regina Trollmann
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Alexandra L Wagner
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- From the Institute of Radiology (R.H., S.S., O.R., A.M.N., S.L., S.B., M.S.M., M.U.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (L.T., A.P.R., F.E., D.M., A.B., M.R., M.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI_Lab), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (A.P.R., A.B., A.L.W., F.K.), and Center for Social Pediatrics (F.E., D.M., R.T., J.W., A.L.W., F.K.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestr 15, Erlangen 91054, Germany; and Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (J.V.C., A.V.)
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7
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Tian Y, Cui SX, Lim Y, Lee NG, Zhao Z, Nayak KS. Contrast-optimal simultaneous multi-slice bSSFP cine cardiac imaging at 0.55 T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:746-755. [PMID: 36198043 PMCID: PMC9712243 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if contemporary 0.55 T MRI supports the use of contrast-optimal flip angles (FA) for simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) balanced SSFP (bSSFP) cardiac function assessment, which is impractical at conventional field strengths because of excessive SAR and/or banding artifacts. METHODS Blipped-CAIPI bSSFP was combined with spiral sampling for ventricular function assessment at 0.55 T. Cine movies with single band and SMS factors of 2 and 3 (SMS 2 and 3), and FA ranging from 60° to 160°, were acquired in seven healthy volunteers. Left ventricular blood and myocardial signal intensity (SI) normalized by background noise and blood-myocardium contrast were measured and compared across acquisition settings. RESULTS Myocardial SI was slightly higher in single band than in SMS and decreased with an increasing FA. Blood SI increased as the FA increased for single band, and increment was small for FA ≥120°. Blood SI for SMS 2 and 3 increased with an increasing FA up to ∼100°. Blood-myocardium contrast increased with an increasing FA for single band, peaked at FA = 160° (systole: 28.43, diastole: 29.15), attributed mainly to reduced myocardial SI when FA ≥120°. For SMS 2, contrast peaked at 120° (systole: 21.43, diastole: 19.85). For SMS 3, contrast peaked at 120° in systole (16.62) and 100° in diastole (19.04). CONCLUSIONS Contemporary 0.55 T MR scanners equipped with high-performance gradient systems allow the use of contrast-optimal FA for SMS accelerated bSSFP cine examinations without compromising image quality. The contrast-optimal FA was found to be 140° to 160° for single band and 100° to 120° for SMS 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nam G. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krishna S. Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Kojima S, Ito T, Hayashi T. Denoising Using Noise2Void for Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Phantom Study. J Med Phys 2022; 47:387-393. [PMID: 36908491 PMCID: PMC9997543 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_71_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce noise for low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Noise2Void (N2V) and to demonstrate the N2V validity. N2V is one of the denoising convolutional neural network methods that allows the training of a model without a noiseless clean image. In this study, a kiwi fruit was scanned using a 0.35 Tesla MRI system, and the image qualities at pre- and postdenoising were evaluated. Structural similarity (SSIM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast ratio (CR) were measured, and visual assessment of noise and sharpness was observed. Both SSIM and SNR were significantly improved using N2V (P < 0.05). CR was unchanged between pre- and postdenoising images. The results of visual assessment for noise revealed higher scores in postdenoising images than that in predenoising images. The sharpness scores of postdenoising images were high when SNR was low. N2V provides effective noise reduction and is a useful denoising technique in low-field MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kojima
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimune Ito
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Qin C, Murali S, Lee E, Supramaniam V, Hausenloy DJ, Obungoloch J, Brecher J, Lin R, Ding H, Akudjedu TN, Anazodo UC, Jagannathan NR, Ntusi NAB, Simonetti OP, Campbell-Washburn AE, Niendorf T, Mammen R, Adeleke S. Sustainable low-field cardiovascular magnetic resonance in changing healthcare systems. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:e246-e260. [PMID: 35157038 PMCID: PMC9159744 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be a major burden facing healthcare systems worldwide. In the developed world, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a well-established non-invasive imaging modality in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, there is significant global inequality in availability and access to CMR due to its high cost, technical demands as well as existing disparities in healthcare and technical infrastructures across high-income and low-income countries. Recent renewed interest in low-field CMR has been spurred by the clinical need to provide sustainable imaging technology capable of yielding diagnosticquality images whilst also being tailored to the local populations and healthcare ecosystems. This review aims to evaluate the technical, practical and cost considerations of low field CMR whilst also exploring the key barriers to implementing sustainable MRI in both the developing and developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Qin
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sanjana Murali
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Elsa Lee
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Hatter Cardiovascular Institue, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Johnes Obungoloch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Rongyu Lin
- School of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Theophilus N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | | | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.,Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra University Medical College, Chennai, India.,Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Mammen
- Department of Cardiology, The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, UK
| | - Sola Adeleke
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,High Dimensional Neurology, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Zhu D, Qin Q. A revisit of the k-space filtering effects of magnetization-prepared 3D FLASH and balanced SSFP acquisitions: Analytical characterization of the point spread functions. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 88:76-88. [PMID: 35121068 PMCID: PMC8935658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D FLASH and balanced SSFP (bSSFP) are increasingly used in quantitative MRI after contrast preparation. The acquired k-space data are modulated by T1 relaxation (or additional T2 for bSSFP). Three separate sequence parameters including the number of phase-encoding steps per shot (N), flip angle (FA), and TR have made the transient state of rapid gradient echo (GRE) imaging difficult for analysis and optimization. Here we aim to analytically characterize the k-space filtering effect of magnetization-prepared FLASH and bSSFP with the point spread functions (PSF). METHODS The amplitude effect is characterized with the peak magnitude of the PSF, i.e. PSF(0), which, due to their approaching from transient state to steady-state for the GRE acquisitions, obeys a linear (with a slope and an intercept, not proportional) relationship with the prepared longitudinal magnetization (Mprep). The blurring effect is characterized by the FWHM of the PSF. The magnetization-prepared acquisition-dependent image contrast efficiency is characterized with the relative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) per unit time (ruCNR). RESULTS The slope of PSF(0) characterizes the relative contrast between different Mprep levels. The intercept of PSF(0) could lead to quantification bias for magnetization-prepared imaging. FLASH and bSSFP experience very little blurring effect, which is to the contrary of conventional fast spin echo (FSE). Analytical selections of N, FA, and TR are provided to optimize ruCNR for different scenarios. CONCLUSIONS PSFs of the FLASH and bSSFP acquisitions are analytically derived and numerically validated, and compared with the FSE acquisition, thus providing a useful tool for optimizing magnetization-prepared GRE acquisitions.
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11
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Jiang Y, Körzdörfer G, Nittka M, Griswold MA. Feasibility of MR fingerprinting using a high-performance 0.55 T MRI system. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 81:88-93. [PMID: 34116134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MR fingerprinting (MRF) is a versatile method for rapid multi-parametric quantification. The application of MRF for lower MRI field could enable multi-contrast imaging and improve exam efficiency on these systems. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D whole-brain T1 and T2 mapping using MR fingerprinting on a contemporary 0.55 T MRI system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D whole brain stack-of-spirals FISP MRF sequence was implemented for 0.55 T. Quantification was validated using the NIST/ISMRM Quantitative MRI phantom, and T1 and T2 values of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid were measured in 19 healthy subjects. To assess MRF performance in the lower SNR regime of 0.55 T, measurement precision was calculated from 100 simulated pseudo-replicas of in vivo data and within-session measurement repeatability was evaluated. RESULTS T1 and T2 values calculated by MRF were strongly correlated to standard measurements in the ISMRM/NIST MRI system phantom (R2 > 0.99), with a small constant bias of approximately 5 ms in T2 values. 3D stack-of-spirals MRF was successfully applied for whole brain quantitative T1 and T2 at 0.55 T, with spatial resolution of 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm × 5 mm, and acquisition time of 8.5 min. Moreover, the T1 and T2 quantifications had precision <5%, despite the lower SNR of 0.55 T. CONCLUSION A 3D whole-brain stack-of-spirals FISP MRF sequence is feasible for T1 and T2 mapping at 0.55 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, OH, United States of America.
| | - Gregor Körzdörfer
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Allee am Roethelheimpark 2, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Nittka
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Allee am Roethelheimpark 2, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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12
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Aasen SN, Espedal H, Keunen O, Adamsen TCH, Bjerkvig R, Thorsen F. Current landscape and future perspectives in preclinical MR and PET imaging of brain metastasis. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab151. [PMID: 34988446 PMCID: PMC8704384 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of cancer patient morbidity. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) represent important resources to assess tumor progression and treatment responses. In preclinical research, anatomical MRI and to some extent functional MRI have frequently been used to assess tumor progression. In contrast, PET has only to a limited extent been used in animal BM research. A considerable culprit is that results from most preclinical studies have shown little impact on the implementation of new treatment strategies in the clinic. This emphasizes the need for the development of robust, high-quality preclinical imaging strategies with potential for clinical translation. This review focuses on advanced preclinical MRI and PET imaging methods for BM, describing their applications in the context of what has been done in the clinic. The strengths and shortcomings of each technology are presented, and recommendations for future directions in the development of the individual imaging modalities are suggested. Finally, we highlight recent developments in quantitative MRI and PET, the use of radiomics and multimodal imaging, and the need for a standardization of imaging technologies and protocols between preclinical centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synnøve Nymark Aasen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidi Espedal
- The Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olivier Keunen
- Translational Radiomics, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tom Christian Holm Adamsen
- Centre for Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- 180 °N – Bergen Tracer Development Centre, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
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13
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Yan R, Chu FI, Gao Y, Yu V, Yoon S, Elashoff D, Lee P, Hu P, Yang Y. Dosimetric impact from cardiac motion to heart substructures in thoracic cancer patients treated with a magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy system. PHYSICS & IMAGING IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2020; 17:8-12. [PMID: 33898771 PMCID: PMC8057956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the cardiac volume and radiation dose differences among cardiac phases during radiation therapy (RT). Such information is crucial to dose reconstruction and understanding of RT related cardiac toxicity. In a cohort of nine patients, we studied the changes in the volume and doses of several cardiac substructures between the end-diastolic and end-systolic phases based on the clinical magnetic resonance-guided RT (MRgRT) treatment plans. Significant differences in the volume and dose between the two phases were observed. Onboard cardiac cine MRI holds promise for patient-specific cardiac sparing treatment designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fang-I Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Yu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Percy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yingli Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Slagowski JM, Redler G, Malin MJ, Cammin J, Lobb EC, Lee BH, Sethi A, Roeske JC, Flores-Martinez E, Stevens T, Yenice KM, Green O, Mutic S, Aydogan B. Dosimetric feasibility of brain stereotactic radiosurgery with a 0.35 T MRI-guided linac and comparison vs a C-arm-mounted linac. Med Phys 2020; 47:5455-5466. [PMID: 32996591 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MRI is the gold-standard imaging modality for brain tumor diagnosis and delineation. The purpose of this work was to investigate the feasibility of performing brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with a 0.35 T MRI-guided linear accelerator (MRL) equipped with a double-focused multileaf collimator (MLC). Dosimetric comparisons were made vs a conventional C-arm-mounted linac with a high-definition MLC. METHODS The quality of MRL single-isocenter brain SRS treatment plans was evaluated as a function of target size for a series of spherical targets with diameters from 0.6 cm to 2.5 cm in an anthropomorphic head phantom and six brain metastases (max linear dimension = 0.7-1.9 cm) previously treated at our clinic on a conventional linac. Each target was prescribed 20 Gy to 99% of the target volume. Step-and-shoot IMRT plans were generated for the MRL using 11 static coplanar beams equally spaced over 360° about an isocenter placed at the center of the target. Couch and collimator angles are fixed for the MRL. Two MRL planning strategies (VR1 and VR2) were investigated. VR1 minimized the 12 Gy isodose volume while constraining the maximum point dose to be within ±1 Gy of 25 Gy which corresponded to normalization to an 80% isodose volume. VR2 minimized the 12 Gy isodose volume without the maximum dose constraint. For the conventional linac, the TB1 method followed the same strategy as VR1 while TB2 used five noncoplanar dynamic conformal arcs. Plan quality was evaluated in terms of conformity index (CI), conformity/gradient index (CGI), homogeneity index (HI), and volume of normal brain receiving ≥12 Gy (V12Gy ). Quality assurance measurements were performed with Gafchromic EBT-XD film following an absolute dose calibration protocol. RESULTS For the phantom study, the CI of MRL plans was not significantly different compared to a conventional linac (P > 0.05). The use of dynamic conformal arcs and noncoplanar beams with a conventional linac spared significantly more normal brain (P = 0.027) and maximized the CGI, as expected. The mean CGI was 95.9 ± 4.5 for TB2 vs 86.6 ± 3.7 (VR1), 88.2 ± 4.8 (VR2), and 88.5 ± 5.9 (TB1). Each method satisfied a normal brain V12Gy ≤ 10.0 cm3 planning goal for targets with diameter ≤2.25 cm. The mean V12Gy was 3.1 cm3 for TB2 vs 5.5 cm3 , 5.0 cm3 and 4.3 cm3 , for VR1, VR2, and TB1, respectively. For a 2.5-cm diameter target, only TB2 met the V12Gy planning objective. The MRL clinical brain plans were deemed acceptable for patient treatment. The normal brain V12Gy was ≤6.0 cm3 for all clinical targets (maximum target volume = 3.51 cm3 ). CI and CGI ranged from 1.12-1.65 and 81.2-88.3, respectively. Gamma analysis pass rates (3%/1mm criteria) exceeded 97.6% for six clinical targets planned and delivered on the MRL. The mean measured vs computed absolute dose difference was -0.1%. CONCLUSIONS The MRL system can produce clinically acceptable brain SRS plans for spherical lesions with diameter ≤2.25 cm. Large lesions (>2.25 cm) should be treated with a linac capable of delivering noncoplanar beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Slagowski
- Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Gage Redler
- Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33607, USA
| | - Martha J Malin
- Radiation Oncology, Langone Medical Center & Laura and Issac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jochen Cammin
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric C Lobb
- Radiation Oncology, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Appleton, WI, 54915, USA
| | - Brian H Lee
- Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Anil Sethi
- Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - John C Roeske
- Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | | | - Tynan Stevens
- Medical Physics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kamil M Yenice
- Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Olga Green
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sasa Mutic
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bulent Aydogan
- Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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15
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Varghese J, Craft J, Crabtree CD, Liu Y, Jin N, Chow K, Ahmad R, Simonetti OP. Assessment of cardiac function, blood flow and myocardial tissue relaxation parameters at 0.35 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4317. [PMID: 32363644 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A low field strength (B0) system could increase cardiac MRI availability for patients otherwise contraindicated at higher field. Lower equipment costs could also broaden cardiac MR accessibility. The current study investigated the feasibility of cardiac function with steady-state free precession and flow assessment with phase contrast (PC) cine images at 0.35 T, and evaluated differences in myocardial relaxation times using quantitative T1, T2 and T2* maps by comparison with 1.5 and 3 T results in a small cohort of six healthy volunteers. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differences across systems were characterized with proton density-weighted spin echo phantom data. SNR at 0.35 T was lower by factors of 5.5 and 15.0 compared with the 1.5 and 3 T systems used in this study. All cine images at 0.35 T scored 3 or greater on a five-point image quality scale. Normalized blood-myocardium contrast in cine images, left ventricular volumes (end diastolic volume, end systolic volume) and function (ejection fraction and stroke volume) measures at 0.35 T matched 1.5 and 3 T results. Phase-to-noise ratio in 0.35 T PC images (11.7 ± 1.9) was lower than 1.5 T (18.7 ± 5.2) and 3 T (44.9 ± 16.5). Peak velocity and stroke volume determined from PC images were similar across systems. Myocardial T1 increased (564 ± 13 ms at 0.35 T, 955 ± 19 ms at 1.5 T and 1200 ± 35 ms at 3 T) while T2 (59 ± 4 ms at 0.35 T, 49 ± 3 ms at 1.5 T and 40 ± 2 ms at 3 T) and T2* (42 ± 8 ms at 0.35 T, 33 ± 6 ms at 1.5 T and 24 ± 3 ms at 3 T) decreased with increasing B0. Despite SNR deficits, cardiovascular function, flow assessment and myocardial relaxation parameter mapping is feasible at 0.35 T using standard cardiovascular imaging sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Varghese
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason Craft
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D Crabtree
- Kinesiology, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yingmin Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ning Jin
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kelvin Chow
- Cardiovascular MR R&D, Siemens Medical Solutions, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Orlando P Simonetti
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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16
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Bandettini WP, Shanbhag SM, Mancini C, McGuirt DR, Kellman P, Xue H, Henry JL, Lowery M, Thein SL, Chen MY, Campbell-Washburn AE. A comparison of cine CMR imaging at 0.55 T and 1.5 T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:37. [PMID: 32423456 PMCID: PMC7232838 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a renewed interest in lower field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), due to their favorable physical properties, reduced costs, and increased accessibility to patients with implants. We sought to assess the diagnostic capabilities of high-performance low-field (0.55 T) CMR imaging for quantification of right and left ventricular volumes and systolic function in both healthy subjects and patients referred for clinical CMR. METHODS Sixty-five subjects underwent paired exams at 1.5 T using a clinical CMR scanner and using an identical CMR system modified to operate at 0.55 T. Volumetric coverage of the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricles (LV) was obtained using either a breath-held cine balanced steady-state free-precession acquisition or a motion-corrected free-breathing re-binned cine acquisition. Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare LV and RV end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), ejection fraction (EF), and LV mass. Diagnostic confidence was scored on a Likert-type ordinal scale by blinded readers. RESULTS There were no significant differences in LV and RV EDV between the two scanners (e.g., LVEDV: p = 0.77, bias = 0.40 mL, correlation coefficient = 0.99; RVEDV: p = 0.17, bias = - 1.6 mL, correlation coefficient = 0.98), and regional wall motion abnormality scoring was similar (kappa 0.99). Blood-myocardium contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at 0.55 T was 48 ± 7% of the 1.5 T CNR, and contrast was sufficient for endocardial segmentation in all cases. Diagnostic confidence of images was scored as "good" to "excellent" for the two field strengths in the majority of studies. CONCLUSION A high-performance 0.55 T system offers good bSSFP CMR image quality, and quantification of biventricular volumes and systolic function that is comparable to 1.5 T in patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03331380, NCT03581318.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Patricia Bandettini
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sujata M Shanbhag
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christine Mancini
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Delaney R McGuirt
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Kellman
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hui Xue
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Henry
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Lowery
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room BID-47, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Restivo MC, Ramasawmy R, Bandettini WP, Herzka DA, Campbell-Washburn AE. Efficient spiral in-out and EPI balanced steady-state free precession cine imaging using a high-performance 0.55T MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2364-2375. [PMID: 32291845 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-field MRI offers favorable physical properties for SNR-efficient long readout acquisitions such as spiral and EPI. We used a 0.55 tesla (T) MRI system equipped with high-performance hardware to increase the sampling duty cycle and extend the TR of balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cardiac cine acquisitions, which typically are limited by banding artifacts. METHODS We developed a high-efficiency spiral in-out bSSFP acquisition, with zeroth- and first-gradient moment nulling, and an EPI bSSFP acquisition for cardiac cine imaging using a contemporary MRI system modified to operate at 0.55T. Spiral in-out and EPI bSSFP cine protocols, with TR = 8 ms, were designed to maintain both spatiotemporal resolution and breath-hold length. Simulations, phantom imaging, and healthy volunteer imaging studies (n = 12) were performed to assess SNR and image quality using these high sampling duty-cycle bSSFP sequences. RESULTS Spiral in-out bSSFP performed favorably at 0.55T and generated good image quality, whereas EPI bSSFP suffered motion and flow artifacts. There was no difference in ejection fraction comparing spiral in-out with standard Cartesian imaging. Moreover, human images demonstrated a 79% ± 21% increase in myocardial SNR using spiral in-out bSSFP and 50% ± 14% increase in SNR using EPI bSSFP as compared with the reference Cartesian acquisition. Spiral in-out acquisitions at 0.55T recovered 69% ± 14% of the myocardial SNR at 1.5T. CONCLUSION Efficient bSSFP spiral in-out provided high-quality cardiac cine imaging and SNR recovery on a high-performance 0.55T MRI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Restivo
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - W Patricia Bandettini
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel A Herzka
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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18
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Ramasawmy R, Restivo MC, Bhattacharya I, Basar B, Herzka DA, Hansen MS, Rogers T, Bandettini WP, McGuirt DR, Mancini C, Grodzki D, Schneider R, Majeed W, Bhat H, Xue H, Moss J, Malayeri AA, Jones EC, Koretsky AP, Kellman P, Chen MY, Lederman RJ, Balaban RS. Opportunities in Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging by Using High-Performance Low-Field-Strength MRI. Radiology 2019; 293:384-393. [PMID: 31573398 PMCID: PMC6823617 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019190452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Commercial low-field-strength MRI systems are generally not equipped with state-of-the-art MRI hardware, and are not suitable for demanding imaging techniques. An MRI system was developed that combines low field strength (0.55 T) with high-performance imaging technology. Purpose To evaluate applications of a high-performance low-field-strength MRI system, specifically MRI-guided cardiovascular catheterizations with metallic devices, diagnostic imaging in high-susceptibility regions, and efficient image acquisition strategies. Materials and Methods A commercial 1.5-T MRI system was modified to operate at 0.55 T while maintaining high-performance hardware, shielded gradients (45 mT/m; 200 T/m/sec), and advanced imaging methods. MRI was performed between January 2018 and April 2019. T1, T2, and T2* were measured at 0.55 T; relaxivity of exogenous contrast agents was measured; and clinical applications advantageous at low field were evaluated. Results There were 83 0.55-T MRI examinations performed in study participants (45 women; mean age, 34 years ± 13). On average, T1 was 32% shorter, T2 was 26% longer, and T2* was 40% longer at 0.55 T compared with 1.5 T. Nine metallic interventional devices were found to be intrinsically safe at 0.55 T (<1°C heating) and MRI-guided right heart catheterization was performed in seven study participants with commercial metallic guidewires. Compared with 1.5 T, reduced image distortion was shown in lungs, upper airway, cranial sinuses, and intestines because of improved field homogeneity. Oxygen inhalation generated lung signal enhancement of 19% ± 11 (standard deviation) at 0.55 T compared with 7.6% ± 6.3 at 1.5 T (P = .02; five participants) because of the increased T1 relaxivity of oxygen (4.7e-4 mmHg-1sec-1). Efficient spiral image acquisitions were amenable to low field strength and generated increased signal-to-noise ratio compared with Cartesian acquisitions (P < .02). Representative imaging of the brain, spine, abdomen, and heart generated good image quality with this system. Conclusion This initial study suggests that high-performance low-field-strength MRI offers advantages for MRI-guided catheterizations with metal devices, MRI in high-susceptibility regions, and efficient imaging. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Grist in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E. Campbell-Washburn
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Matthew C. Restivo
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Ipshita Bhattacharya
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Burcu Basar
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Herzka
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Michael S. Hansen
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Toby Rogers
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - W. Patricia Bandettini
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Delaney R. McGuirt
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Christine Mancini
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - David Grodzki
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Rainer Schneider
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Waqas Majeed
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Himanshu Bhat
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Hui Xue
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Joel Moss
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Ashkan A. Malayeri
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Elizabeth C. Jones
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Alan P. Koretsky
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Peter Kellman
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Marcus Y. Chen
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Robert J. Lederman
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
| | - Robert S. Balaban
- From the Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md (A.E.C.W., R.R., M.C.R., I.B., B.B., D.A.H., M.S.H., T.R., W.P.B.,
D.R.M., C.M., M.Y.C., R.J.L.); Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany (D.G.,
R.S.); Siemens Medical Solutions Inc, Malvern Pa (W.M., H.B.); Systems Biology
Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Building 10, Room
4C-1581, Bethesda, MD 20892-1458 (H.X., P.K., R.S.B.); Pulmonary Branch,
Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.M.); Department of Radiology and
Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
(A.A.M., E.C.J.); and Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, Division
of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (A.P.K.)
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19
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Geethanath S, Vaughan JT. Accessible magnetic resonance imaging: A review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 49:e65-e77. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Geethanath
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research CenterColumbia University in the City of New York New York USA
| | - John Thomas Vaughan
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research CenterColumbia University in the City of New York New York USA
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