1
|
Culquichicón C, Astudillo-Rueda D, Niño-Garcia R, Martinez-Rivera RN, Tsui NM, Gilman RH, Levy K, Lescano AG. Post-traumatic stress disorder, food insecurity, and social capital after the 2017 coastal El Niño flooding among mothers from Piura, Peru: A mixed method study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002996. [PMID: 38635669 PMCID: PMC11025727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In order to understand the impacts in the post-disaster scenario of the 2017 El Niño events in the Piura region-Peru, we examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), food insecurity (FI), and social capital (SC) across three-time points in mothers in highly affected areas. In the Piura, Castilla, and Catacaos districts, we studied mothers combining mixed-method assessments at three (June-July 2017), eight and 12 months after the flooding. Each outcome was measured with the PTSD-Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C), the Household-Food-Insecurity-Access-Scale (HFIAS), the Adapted-Social-Capital-Assessment-Tool (SASCAT) surveys. In-depth interviews at the first evaluation were also conducted. At the first evaluation, 38.1% (n = 21) of 179 mothers reported PTSD; eight months and one year after the flooding, it dropped to 1.9% and virtually zero, respectively. Severe FI also declined over time, from 90.0% three months after the flooding to 31.8% eight months after, to 13.1% one year after. Conversely, high-cognitive SC was increased three months after the flooding (42.1%) and much greater levels at eight and 12 months after (86.7% and 77.7%, respectively). High levels of PTSD and severe FI three months after the flooding consistently decreased to nearly zero one-year post-disaster. High levels of high-cognitive SC may have helped mothers to recover from PTSD and FI in Piura.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Culquichicón
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Astudillo-Rueda
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
| | - Roberto Niño-Garcia
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Raisa N. Martinez-Rivera
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicole Merino Tsui
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Levy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan M, Yang B, Rothschild G, Mann JJ, Sanford LD, Tang X, Huang C, Wang C, Zhang W. Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:309. [PMID: 37644009 PMCID: PMC10465587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30-40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gerson Rothschild
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology in School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thomsen KN, Howell KH, Gilliam HC, Wamser-Nanney R. Mapping Individual, Relational, and Contextual Factors onto Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Resilience. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7242-7265. [PMID: 36541243 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221141930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and resilience are two well-established outcomes following trauma exposure, but little work has examined the unique associations between these outcomes and factors across the social ecology. This theoretically grounded study assessed how individual, relational, and contextual social ecological factors relate to PTSS and resilience. Participants included 606 college students (18-25 years, Mage = 20.79, SD = 1.86; 82.51% Female; 56.60% White, 29.37% Black or African American, 5.78% Asian, 8.25% Other races) with exposure to at least one traumatic event. Two hierarchical linear regression models examined associations between individual (i.e., emotion dysregulation, anger severity), relational (i.e., family support, friend support), and contextual (i.e., community cohesion, community disorder) factors, and PTSS and resilience. At the individual level, higher emotion dysregulation was associated with higher PTSS and lower resilience; anger severity was not related to either outcome. At the relational level, more friend support was negatively associated with PTSS. Friend and family support were positively related to resilience. At the contextual level, community cohesion was positively associated with resilience, but not PTSS, and community disorder was unrelated to both outcomes. Findings demonstrate unique factors across the social ecology that differentially relate to PTSS and resilience. Variables at all three ecological levels were associated with resilience, whereas only individual and relational variables were related to PTSS. Replication with longitudinal data could inform treatments for trauma-exposed individuals that may mitigate PTSS and bolster resilience.
Collapse
|
4
|
Miller ME, Nwosu CO, Nyamwanza AM, Jacobs PT. Assessing Psychosocial Health Impacts of Climate Adaptation: A Critical Review. New Solut 2023; 33:37-50. [PMID: 37227805 DOI: 10.1177/10482911231173068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The urgency of dealing with risks associated with climate change and the need for effective response measures to their impacts are increasing daily the world over. Literature abounds regarding the impacts of climate change on physical, psychosocial, and other health outcomes. In contrast, little research exists on the health impacts of response measures to climate change. This critical review seeks to contribute towards closing this gap through a synthesis of current literature on the psychosocial health outcomes of climate adaptation actions. Our results found both positive and negative outcomes associated with psychosocial health that may result from climate adaptation actions. We propose the utilization of well-developed conceptual frameworks and evaluation tools in assessment and analysis of these outcomes. Ultimately, there is need to expand similar and related areas of research more broadly and on psychosocial effects, specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Miller
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Human Sciences Research Council, Equitable Education and Economies Division, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chijioke O Nwosu
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Admire M Nyamwanza
- Climate Action and Sustainability Research, Institute of Natural Resources, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Peter T Jacobs
- Human Sciences Research Council, Equitable Education and Economies Division, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keya TA, Leela A, Habib N, Rashid M, Bakthavatchalam P. Mental Health Disorders Due to Disaster Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e37031. [PMID: 37143625 PMCID: PMC10153020 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters are complex, global issues that affect people individually, families, and communities, upsetting their emotional wellbeing. This research aims to comprehend the connections between disasters and their effects on mental health. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis on the effect of disasters on mental health disorders using defined search terms across three major databases. The search technique adhered to the PECO framework. The study locations were dispersed across Asia, Europe, and America. An electronic search was established in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Medline databases. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out. The I2 statistic was used to explore heterogeneity. In the random-effects analysis, Tau-squared, τ2, or Tau2 evaluates the effects seen between the study variances. Publication bias was examined. The outcomes of the included studies on mental health issues (n = 48,170) brought on by catastrophic disasters were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The three main mental health illnesses attributed to the disaster catastrophe in most studies were generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depression, substance use, adjustment disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Storms, including cyclones and snowstorms, had an impact on 5,151 individuals. 38,456 people were harmed by flooding, and 4,563 people were affected by the earthquake. The included studies showed prevalence rates for mental health disorders ranging from 5.8% to 87.6%. The prevalence rates were between 2.2% and 84% for anxiety, 3.23% and 52.70% for depression, and 2.6% and 52% for PTSD, respectively. The point effect estimates of studies included the flood, storm/cyclone, and earthquake were 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-0.12), 0.18 (95% CI: 0.03-0.32), and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.03-0.27), respectively, which revealed a statistically significant positive effect (p-value: < 0.05) with a narrow 95% CI indicating more precise population estimates. However, the pooled effect estimates were not of a large effect size of 0.129 (95% CI: 0.05-0.20). This study found a link between disaster and poorer outcomes for mental health. The risk of psychological morbidity and fatalities increased with relocation and disruption of essential services. Flooding was the most frequent calamity. The "medium human development countries" were found to have the highest prevalence rate of mental health disorders in our meta-analysis. The "very high human development" and "high human development" nations, however, also had a higher prevalence rate of mental health disorders following catastrophic events. This study could aid in the creation of thorough strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of mental health problems during natural disasters. Increased community resilience, improved access to healthcare services, and a suitable mitigation strategy can all help to improve the situation of the disaster's vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina A Keya
- Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, IND
- Community Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, MYS
| | - Anthony Leela
- Community Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong, MYS
| | - Nasrin Habib
- Physiology, Quest International University, Perak, MYS
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Obuobi-Donkor G, Eboreime E, Shalaby R, Agyapong B, Adu MK, Owusu E, Mao W, Oluwasina F, Pazderka H, Agyapong VIO. Evaluating Community Resilience and Associated Factors One Year after the Catastrophic Fort McMurray Flood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16153. [PMID: 36498243 PMCID: PMC9741375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience after natural disasters is becoming an increasingly key area of research. In April 2020, parts of Fort McMurray were affected by severe floods. The flooding caused the loss of properties, evacuation of some residents, and effects on their mental health. OBJECTIVE This study explores the prevalence and associated factors between flood experience and low resilience a year after the 2020 floods in Fort McMurray. METHOD Data collection was accomplished one year after the flood, from 24 April to 2 June 2021, using an online survey. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25 using univariate analysis with the chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of low resilience was 37.4%. Respondents under 25 years were nearly 26 times more likely to show low resilience (OR = 0.038; 95% CI 0.004-0.384) than respondents 40 years and above. Responders with a history of depression (OR = 0.258 95% CI: 0.089-0.744) and a history of anxiety (OR = 0.212; CI 95% 0.068-0.661) were nearly four to five times more likely to show low resilience than those without a history. Similarly, respondents willing to receive mental health counselling (OR = 0.134 95% CI: 0.047-0.378) were 7.5 times more likely to show low resilience. Participants residing in the same house before the flood were almost 11 times more likely to show low resilience (OR = 0.095; 95% CI 0.021-0.427) than those who relocated. Participants who received support from the Government of Alberta were less likely to express low resilience than those who received no or limited support (OR = 208.343; 95% CI 3.284-13,218.663). CONCLUSION The study showed a low resilience rate among respondents following the 2020 flooding in Fort McMurray. Factors contributing to low resilience include age, history of depression or anxiety, and place of residence after the flood. After the flood, receiving support from the government was shown to be a protective factor. Further studies are needed to explore robust risk factors of low resilience and measures to promote normal to high resilience among flood victims in affected communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Medard K. Adu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ernest Owusu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Wanying Mao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Folajinmi Oluwasina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Hannah Pazderka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vincent I. O. Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petersen J, Hettich N, Baumkötter R, Wild PS, Pfeiffer N, Münzel T, König J, Lackner KJ, Beutel ME. The burdens of poverty during the COVID-19 pandemic. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:995318. [PMID: 36505762 PMCID: PMC9731111 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.995318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals living at-risk-of-poverty have an increased risk of poor mental health. The pandemic and its societal impacts might have negative effects especially on this group widening the gap between rich and poor and also exacerbate gender gaps, which in turn might impact social cohesion. AIM The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine if people living at-risk-of-poverty were more vulnerable to economic and psychosocial impacts of the pandemic and showed poorer mental health. Moreover, gender differences were analyzed. METHOD We drew data from a sample of N = 10,250 respondents of two time points (T1 starting from October 2020, T2 starting from March 2021) of the Gutenberg COVID-19 Study. We tested for differences between people living at-risk-of-poverty and more affluent respondents regarding economic impacts, psychosocial stressors, as well as depressiveness, anxiety and loneliness, by comparing mean and distributional differences. To test for significant discrepancy, we opted for chi-square- and t-tests. RESULTS The analysis sample compromised N = 8,100 individuals of which 4,2% could be classified as living at-risk-of-poverty. 23% of respondents living at-risk-of-poverty had a decrease in income since the beginning of the pandemic-twice as many as those not living at-risk-of-poverty, who reported more often an increase in income. Less affluent individuals reported a decrease in working hours, while more affluent people reported an increase. Between our survey time points, we found a significant decrease in these economic impacts. Gender differences for economic changes were only found for more affluent women who worked more hours with no change in income. Less affluent respondents were more impacted by psychosocial stressors, depressiveness, anxiety, and loneliness. Gender differences were found particularly with regard to care responsibilities. DISCUSSION Our results indicate a widening in the gap between the rich and the poor at the beginning of the pandemic. Gender differences concerning economic changes affect more affluent women, but women in both income groups are more burdened by care responsibilities, which might indicate a heightened resurgence of gender role in times of crisis. This increase in inequality might have impacted social cohesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Petersen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nora Hettich
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rieke Baumkötter
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McIsaac JD, Lamptey D, Harley J, MacQuarrie M, Cummings R, Rossiter MD, Janus M, Turner J. Early pandemic impacts on family environments that shape childhood development and health: A Canadian study. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:1122-1133. [PMID: 35997511 PMCID: PMC9539253 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes to income and employment are key social determinants of health that have impacted many families during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to understand how changes to employment and income influenced family environments that contribute to early childhood development and health. METHODS A concurrent triangulation mixed method design was used through a cross-sectional survey on early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic involving families with young children in the Canadian Maritime provinces (n = 2158). Analyses included multivariate regression models to examine whether changes to employment and income predicted changes to Family access to resources and social support, parenting Abilities and self-care at home, and home Routines and Environments (FARE Change Scale). Content analysis was used to identify themes from the open-ended questions. RESULTS Changes to employment and income early in the pandemic like no longer working but continued to receive salary, working fewer hours for the same salary earned before the pandemic, no longer working nor receiving salary, working fewer hours resulting in salary reduction, essential worker status and household income were significant predictors of FARE Change Scale when ethnicity/cultural background and province of residence are controlled (P < .05). Themes provided a description of family impacts, including shifting employment and income, finding time and capacity, feelings of guilt and the creation of new routines. CONCLUSION Our study provides insight on the implications of public health restrictions, such as the importance of increased time for parents (through reduced work hours) and access to resources and social support to support child development and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie‐Lee D. McIsaac
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research CentreMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Faculty of EducationMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Child and Youth StudyMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - De‐Lawrence Lamptey
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research CentreMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
- School of Health and Policy ManagementYork UniversityTorontoCanada
| | - Jane Harley
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research CentreMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Madison MacQuarrie
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research CentreMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Randi Cummings
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research CentreMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | | | - Magdalena Janus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural NeurosciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada
| | - Joan Turner
- Early Childhood Collaborative Research CentreMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Child and Youth StudyMount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxCanada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Godara M, Silveira S, Matthäus H, Singer T. The Wither or Thrive Model of Resilience: an Integrative Framework of Dynamic Vulnerability and Resilience in the Face of Repeated Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:261-282. [PMID: 35856054 PMCID: PMC9281234 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical efforts in the psychological sciences have been unequivocally focused on understanding the psychosocial impact on resilience and vulnerability. While current empirical work is guided by different existing theoretical models of resilience and vulnerability, the emerging datasets have also pointed to a necessity for an update of these models. Due to the unique features and developments specific to the current pandemic such as the occurrence of repeated collective stressors of varying durations, in the current position paper, we introduce the Wither or Thrive model of Resilience (With:Resilience). It integrates key aspects of prevailing psychological resilience frameworks within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and extends them by (1) moving away from single scale approaches towards a higher-order latent expression of resilience and vulnerability incorporating also non-clinical mental health markers, (2) proposing different trajectories of resilience-vulnerability emerging across repeated stressors over long periods of time, and (3) by incorporating multiple influencing factors including aspects of the socio-economic concept of social cohesion as well as separate mediating processing mechanisms. We propose that With:Resilience will enable a more nuanced approach and appropriate analytical investigation of the vast incoming data on mental health and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we suggest some concrete methodological approaches. This framework will assist in the development of actionable public health guidelines for society in the present and future pandemic contexts as well as aid policy making and the interventional sciences aimed at protecting the most vulnerable amongst us.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Matthäus
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, JFK Haus, Bertha-Benz-Str. 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Climate Change Related Catastrophic Rainfall Events and Non-Communicable Respiratory Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CLIMATE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events, the impacts of which disproportionately impact urban populations. Pluvial flooding and flooding related sewer backups are thought to result in an increase in potentially hazardous human-pathogen encounters. However, the extent and nature of associations between flooding events and non-communicable respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not well understood. This research seeks to characterize the state of research on flooding and NCRDs through a systematic review of the scientific literature. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for published scholarly research papers using the terms flooding, monsoon, and tropical storm with terms for common NCRDs such as asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis. Papers were included if they covered research studies on individuals with defined outcomes of flooding events. We excluded review papers, case studies, and opinion pieces. We retrieved 200 articles from PubMed, 268 from Web of Science and 203 from Scopus which comprised 345 unique papers. An initial review of abstracts yielded 38 candidate papers. A full text review of each left 16 papers which were included for the review. All papers except for one found a significant association between a severe weather event and increased risk for at least one of the NCRDs included in this research. Our findings further suggest that extreme weather events may worsen pre-existing respiratory conditions and increase the risk of development of asthma. Future work should focus on more precisely defining measure of health outcomes using validated tools to describe asthma and COPD exacerbations. Research efforts should also work to collect granular data on patients’ health status and family history and assess possible confounding and mediating factors such as neighborhood water mitigation infrastructure, housing conditions, pollen counts, and other environmental variables.
Collapse
|
11
|
An Approach to the Unified Conceptualization, Definition, and Characterization of Social Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095746. [PMID: 35565141 PMCID: PMC9104618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to offer a synthesis of the characteristics of social resilience, integrating the different approaches received from the social sciences. We propose to focus this conceptual framework as a previous and necessary step for the later study of the possible ways of promotion of this social resilience, that will help to strengthen the welfare and public health systems. The paper explores the difficulties in defining these characteristics, identifying their constituent elements. After this, the paper study the challenges to the future development of resilience models, showing the ways that offer some advances. Finally, we conclude that the social resilience must be conceived as a dynamic, multi-level, and evolutionary process if we are to help societies not only cope with adversity but also to adapt and transform themselves.
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller-Graff LE. The Multidimensional Taxonomy of Individual Resilience. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:660-675. [PMID: 33143570 PMCID: PMC8905118 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020967329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical work in resilience has continuously evolved to inform and respond to advances in empirical work. In order to further scientific inquiry, it must continue to do so. This narrative overview of the field of resilience science focuses on contemporary challenges confronted by theoretical models of individual resilience and proposes a taxonomic structure for resilience-the multidimensional taxonomy of individual resilience (MTIR). The goal of the MTIR is to articulate a systematic framework within which extant theoretical and empirical work can be nested. Consistent with existing work, the MTIR organizes resilience into two primary branches-manifested resilience and generative resilience. These two components are then organized into subdomains that demonstrate evidence of conceptual distinctiveness. The specification of the subdomains in the MTIR draws support from a diverse body of work on resilience across disciplines and in multiple global contexts. The MTIR makes several critical advances, including expanding and refining the definitions and components of resilience in psychology, providing a clearer framework for conceptualizing mixed profiles of resilience, and tempering assumptions regarding the relational dependencies across domains of resilience. Finally, the utility of the MTIR in organizing research in resilience and advancing theory-testing and development is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Miller-Graff
- Department of Psychology, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silveira S, Hecht M, Adli M, Voelkle MC, Singer T. Exploring the Structure and Interrelations of Time-Stable Psychological Resilience, Psychological Vulnerability, and Social Cohesion. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:804763. [PMID: 35360131 PMCID: PMC8963374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.804763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the relationship between three constructs of high relevance in the context of adversities which have, however, not yet been systematically linked on the level of psychological dispositions: psychological vulnerability, psychological resilience, and social cohesion. Based on previous theoretical and empirical frameworks, a collection of trait questionnaires was assessed in a Berlin sample of 3,522 subjects between 18 and 65 years of age. Using a confirmatory factor analytical approach, we found no support for a simple three-factor structure. Results from exploratory structural analyses suggest that instead of psychological resilience and psychological vulnerability constituting two separate factors, respective indicators load on one bipolar latent factor. Interestingly, some psychological resilience indicators contributed to an additional specific latent factor, which may be interpreted as adaptive capacities, that is, abilities to adapt to changes or adjust to consequences of adversities. Furthermore, instead of evidence for one single social cohesion factor on the psychological level, indicators of perceived social support and loneliness formed another specific factor of social belonging, while indicators of prosocial competencies were found to form yet another distinct factor, which was positively associated to the other social factors, adaptive capacities and social belonging. Our results suggest that social cohesion is composed of different independent psychological components, such as trust, social belonging, and social skills. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of social capacities and belonging for psychological resilience and suggest that decreasing loneliness and increasing social skills should therefore represent a valuable intervention strategy to foster adaptive capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hecht
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel C. Voelkle
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silveira S, Hecht M, Matthaeus H, Adli M, Voelkle MC, Singer T. Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceived Changes in Psychological Vulnerability, Resilience and Social Cohesion before, during and after Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3290. [PMID: 35328981 PMCID: PMC8952288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns have posed unique and severe challenges to our global society. To gain an integrative understanding of pervasive social and mental health impacts in 3522 Berlin residents aged 18 to 65, we systematically investigated the structural and temporal relationship between a variety of psychological indicators of vulnerability, resilience and social cohesion before, during and after the first lockdown in Germany using a retrospective longitudinal study design. Factor analyses revealed that (a) vulnerability and resilience indicators converged on one general bipolar factor, (b) residual variance of resilience indicators formed a distinct factor of adaptive coping capacities and (c) social cohesion could be reliably measured with a hierarchical model including four first-order dimensions of trust, a sense of belonging, social interactions and social engagement, and one second-order social cohesion factor. In the second step, latent change score models revealed that overall psychological vulnerability increased during the first lockdown and decreased again during re-opening, although not to baseline levels. Levels of social cohesion, in contrast, first decreased and then increased again during re-opening. Furthermore, participants who increased in vulnerability simultaneously decreased in social cohesion and adaptive coping during lockdown. While higher pre-lockdown levels of social cohesion predicted a stronger lockdown effect on mental health, individuals with higher social cohesion during the lockdown and positive change in coping abilities and social cohesion during re-opening showed better mental health recovery, highlighting the important role of social capacities in both amplifying but also overcoming the multiple challenges of this collective crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Sarita Silveira, Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Strasse 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany; (H.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Martin Hecht
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Hannah Matthaeus
- Sarita Silveira, Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Strasse 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany; (H.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Mazda Adli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Fliedner Klinik Berlin, Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel C. Voelkle
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Tania Singer
- Sarita Silveira, Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Bertha-Benz-Strasse 3, 10557 Berlin, Germany; (H.M.); (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Risks to the Health of Russian Population from Floods and Droughts in 2010‒2020: A Scoping Review. CLIMATE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and natural disasters caused by hydrological, meteorological, and climatic causes have a significant and increasing direct and indirect impact on human health, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. Russia is a country that suffers from frequent climatic and weather disasters. This is mainly due to its vast territory, complex geographical and ecological environment, and widely varying climatic conditions. This review provides information on climatological and hydrological extremes in Russia in 2010–2020, floods and droughts, and their impact on the health and well-being of the country’s population. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, and e-Library, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English and in Russian from 2010 to 2021. Four conceptual categories were used: “floods”, “droughts”, “human health”, and “Russia”. It is concluded that while most hazardous weather events cannot be completely avoided, many health impacts can potentially be prevented. The recommended measures include early warning systems and public health preparedness and response measures, building climate resilient health systems and other management structures.
Collapse
|
16
|
Agyapong B, Eboreime E, Shalaby R, Pazderka H, Obuobi-Donkor G, Adu MK, Mao W, Oluwasina F, Owusu E, Greenshaw AJ, Agyapong VIO. Mental Health Impacts of Wildfire, Flooding and COVID-19 on Fort McMurray School Board Staff and Other Employees: A Comparative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010435. [PMID: 35010692 PMCID: PMC8744856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Fort McMurray, a city in northern Alberta, Canada, has experienced multiple traumas in the last five years, including the 2016 wildfire, the 2020 floods, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen months after the wildfire, major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms were elevated among school board employees in the city. Objective: This study aimed to compare employees of the school board and other employees of Fort McMurray in respect to the impact the 2016 wildfires, the 2019 COVID pandemic, and the 2020 floods had on their mental health. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in Fort McMurray from 24 April to 2 June 2021. Online questionnaires were administered through REDCap and were designed to capture socio-demographic characteristics, clinical as well as wildfire, COVID-19, and flooding-related variables. Mental health outcome variables were captured using self-reported standardized assessment scales. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact tests, and binary regression analysis. Results: Of the 249 residents who accessed the online survey, 186 completed the survey, giving a response rate of 74.7%. Of these respondents, 93.5% (174) indicated their employment status and were included in the Chi-square analysis. Most of the respondents were female (86.2%, (150)), above 40 years (53.4%, (93)), and were in a relationship (71.3%, (124)). The prevalence values for MDD, GAD and PTSD among respondents were 42.4%, 41.0, and 36.8%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between employees of the school board and other employees with respect to likely PTSD prevalence (28% vs. 45%, respectively, p < 0.05), although with other factors controlled for, in a binary logistic regression model, employer type did not significantly predict likely PTSD. Conclusions: The study has established that likely PTSD symptoms were significantly higher in other employees compared to those of school board employees. Greater exposure to the traumatic events and a greater perceived lack of support from other employers might have contributed to the significantly higher prevalence of PTSD in other employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Agyapong
- Global Psychological e-Health Foundation, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Hannah Pazderka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Gloria Obuobi-Donkor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Medard K. Adu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Wanying Mao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Folajinmi Oluwasina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Ernest Owusu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Andrew J. Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Vincent I. O. Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (E.E.); (R.S.); (H.P.); (G.O.-D.); (M.K.A.); (W.M.); (F.O.); (E.O.); (A.J.G.)
- Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans Memorial Lane, 8th Floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-215-7771; Fax: +902-473-4887
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Robinette JW, Bostean G, Glynn LM, Douglas JA, Jenkins BN, Gruenewald TL, Frederick DA. Perceived neighborhood cohesion buffers COVID-19 impacts on mental health in a United States sample. Soc Sci Med 2021; 285:114269. [PMID: 34390977 PMCID: PMC8417348 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study examined whether perceived neighborhood cohesion (the extent to which neighbors trust and count on one another) buffers against the mental health effects of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The XXX University National COVID-19 and Mental Health Study surveyed US adults (N = 3965; M age = 39 years), measuring depressive symptoms, staying home more during than before the 2020 pandemic, and perceived neighborhood cohesion. Results A series of linear regressions indicated that perceiving one's neighborhood as more cohesive was not only associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but also attenuated the relationship between spending more time at home during the pandemic and depressive symptoms. These relationships persisted even after taking into account several individual-level sociodemographic characteristics as well as multiple contextual features, i.e., median household income, population density, and racial/ethnic diversity of the zip codes in which participants resided. Conclusions Neighborhood cohesion may be leveraged to mitigate pandemic impacts on depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Robinette
- Psychology Department, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Psychology Department, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Douglas
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brooke N Jenkins
- Psychology Department, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Tara L Gruenewald
- Psychology Department, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - David A Frederick
- Psychology Department, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA; Center for Biopsychosocial Approaches to Health, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Larson PS, Gronlund C, Thompson L, Sampson N, Washington R, Steis Thorsby J, Lyon N, Miller C. Recurrent Home Flooding in Detroit, MI 2012-2020: Results of a Household Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7659. [PMID: 34300113 PMCID: PMC8303508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Household flooding has wide ranging social, economic and public health impacts particularly for people in resource poor communities. The determinants and public health outcomes of recurrent home flooding in urban contexts, however, are not well understood. A household survey was used to assess neighborhood and household level determinants of recurrent home flooding in Detroit, MI. Survey activities were conducted from 2012 to 2020. Researchers collected information on past flooding, housing conditions and public health outcomes. Using the locations of homes, a "hot spot" analysis of flooding was performed to find areas of high and low risk. Survey data were linked to environmental and neighborhood data and associations were tested using regression methods. 4803 households participated in the survey. Flooding information was available for 3842 homes. Among these, 2085 (54.26%) reported experiencing pluvial flooding. Rental occupied units were more likely to report flooding than owner occupied homes (Odd ratio (OR) 1.72 [95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.49, 1.98]). Housing conditions such as poor roof quality and cracks in basement walls influenced home flooding risk. Homes located in census tracts with increased percentages of owner occupied units (vs. rentals) had a lower odds of flooding (OR 0.92 [95% (CI) 0.86, 0.98]). Household factors were found the be more predictive of flooding than neighborhood factors in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Flooding and housing conditions associated with home flooding were associated with asthma cases. Recurrent home flooding is far more prevalent than previously thought. Programs that support recovery and which focus on home improvement to prevent flooding, particularly by landlords, might benefit the public health. These results draw awareness and urgency to problems of urban flooding and public health in other areas of the country confronting the compounding challenges of aging infrastructure, disinvestment and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Larson
- Social Environment and Health Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carina Gronlund
- Social Environment and Health Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Lyke Thompson
- Center for Urban Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.T.); (R.W.)
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Health and Human Services, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 19000 Hubbard Drive, Fairlane Center South, Dearborn, MI 48126, USA;
| | - Ramona Washington
- Center for Urban Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.T.); (R.W.)
| | - Jamie Steis Thorsby
- Healthy Urban Waters, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.S.T.); (N.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Natalie Lyon
- Healthy Urban Waters, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.S.T.); (N.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Carol Miller
- Healthy Urban Waters, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (J.S.T.); (N.L.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ntontis E, Drury J, Amlôt R, Rubin GJ, Williams R, Saavedra P. Collective resilience in the disaster recovery period: Emergent social identity and observed social support are associated with collective efficacy, well‐being, and the provision of social support. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 60:1075-1095. [DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Ntontis
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences Canterbury Christ Church University Canterbury UK
| | - John Drury
- School of Psychology University of Sussex Brighton UK
| | - Richard Amlôt
- Emergency Response Department Science and Technology Public Health England Salisbury UK
| | - G. James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Welsh Institute for Health and Social Care University of South Wales Pontypridd UK
| | - Patricio Saavedra
- Instituto de Ciencias Sociales Universidad de O’Higgins Rancagua Chile
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cruz J, White PCL, Bell A, Coventry PA. Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Mental Health: A Narrative Synthesis and Meta-Analysis for the UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8581. [PMID: 33227944 PMCID: PMC7699288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and severity as a consequence of climate change and pose a significant threat to population mental health. This is the case even in temperate regions such as the United Kingdom (UK) where flooding and heat waves are forecast to become more common. We conducted a systematic review to quantify the prevalence and describe the causes of common mental health problems in populations exposed to extreme weather events in the UK. We searched Web of Science, EMBASE and PsycINFO for studies that measured the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in populations exposed to extreme weather events in the UK, published up to 12 December 2019. We included 17 studies, four of which were included in meta-analyses to determine the point prevalence of common mental health problems in the period within 12 months following extreme weather events. The point prevalence was 19.8% for anxiety (k = 4; n = 1458; 95% CI 7.42 to 32.15), 21.35% for depression (k = 4; n = 1458; 95% CI 9.04 to 33.65) and 30.36% for PTSD (k = 4; n = 1359; 95% CI 11.68 to 49.05). Key factors that affected mental ill health in people exposed to flooding were water depth and absence of flood warnings. Displacement from home underscored the narratives associated with people's perceptions of the impact of flooding. The high prevalence of common mental health problems suggests that the prevention of mental ill health in populations at risk or exposed to extreme weather events should be a UK public health priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Cruz
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, UK;
| | - Piran C. L. White
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, UK;
- Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew Bell
- Centre for Mental Health, 90 London Road, London SE1 6LN, UK;
| | - Peter A. Coventry
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
External Factors Associated With Community Cohesion in Women Living With HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 31:137-144. [PMID: 31498166 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although community cohesion has been identified as a protective factor associated with positive health outcomes, less is known about factors that increase community cohesion for women living with HIV (WLWH). We examined risk/protective factors associated with community cohesion in WLWH (N = 56) in the US Mid-South (Mage = 41.2 years, SD = 9.01). Participants completed hour-long interviews. Hierarchical linear regression modeling was used to examine factors associated with community cohesion. The final model was significant, F(5, 50) = 6.42, p < .001, adj. R = 33%; greater social support (b = .38, p < .01) and resilience (b = .27, p < .05) were significantly associated with better community cohesion. Given the protective benefits of community connectedness, findings suggest that nurses and community providers work with WLWH to harness friend- and family-support networks. In addition, strategies to enhance access to resilience resources would enable WLWH to recover from adversity.
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Donnell EC, Thorne CR. Drivers of future urban flood risk. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190216. [PMID: 32063161 PMCID: PMC7061970 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Managing urban flood risk is a key global challenge of the twenty-first century. Drivers of future UK flood risk were identified and assessed by the Flood Foresight project in 2002-2004 and 2008; envisaging flood risk during the 2050s and 2080s under a range of scenarios for climate change and socio-economic development. This paper qualitatively reassesses and updates these drivers, using empirical evidence and advances in flood risk science, technology and practice gained since 2008. Of the original drivers, five have strengthened, three have weakened and 14 remain within their 2008 uncertainty bands. Rainfall, as impacted by climate change, is the leading source driver of future urban flood risk. Intra-urban asset deterioration, leading to increases in a range of consequential flood risks, is the primary pathway driver. Social impacts (risk to life and health, and the intangible impacts of flooding on communities) and continued capital investment in buildings and contents (leading to greater losses when newer buildings of higher economic worth are inundated) have strengthened as receptor drivers of urban flood risk. Further, we propose two new drivers: loss of floodable urban spaces and indirect economic impacts, which we suggest may have significant impacts on future urban flood risk. This article is part of the theme issue 'Urban flood resilience'.
Collapse
|
23
|
Généreux M, Roy M, O’Sullivan T, Maltais D. A Salutogenic Approach to Disaster Recovery: The Case of the Lac-Mégantic Rail Disaster. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051463. [PMID: 32106475 PMCID: PMC7084865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In July 2013, a train carrying crude oil derailed in Lac-Mégantic (Canada). This disaster provoked a major fire, 47 deaths, the destruction of 44 buildings, a massive evacuation, and an unparalleled oil spill. Since 2013, Public Health has undertaken several actions to address this challenging situation, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Community-based surveys were conducted in Lac-Mégantic in 2014, 2015 and 2018. The first two surveys showed persistent and widespread health needs. Inspired by a salutogenic approach, Public Health has shifted its focus from health protection to health promotion. In 2016, a Day of Reflection was organized during which a map of community assets and an action plan for the community recovery were co-constructed with local stakeholders. The creation of an Outreach Team is an important outcome of this collective reflection. This team aims to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity. Several promising initiatives arose from the action plan-all of which greatly contributed to mobilize the community. Interestingly, the 2018 survey suggests that the situation is now evolving positively. This case study stresses the importance of recognizing community members as assets, rather than victims, and seeking a better balance between health protection and health promotion approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Généreux
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
- Eastern Townships Public Health Department, Sherbrooke, QC J1H1R3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
- Health Technology and Social Services Assessment Unit, Eastern Townships Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada;
| | - Tracey O’Sullivan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Danielle Maltais
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC G7H2B1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
French CE, Waite TD, Armstrong B, Rubin GJ, Beck CR, Oliver I. Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031562. [PMID: 31678948 PMCID: PMC6830640 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between flooding/repeat flooding and: (1) psychological morbidity (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and (2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months post-flooding. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of data from the English National Study of Flooding and Health. SETTING Cumbria, England. PARTICIPANTS Questionnaires were sent to 2500 residential addresses at 6 months post-flooding; 590 people responded. OUTCOMES Probable depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, probable anxiety using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and probable PTSD using the short-form PTSD checklist (PCL-6). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L. Mental health outcomes were analysed using logistic regression; HRQoL dimensions using ordinal regression; and summary index/Visual Analogue Scale scores using linear regression. RESULTS One hundred and nineteen participants had been flooded, over half of whom were experiencing a repeat flooding event (54%; n=64). Mental health outcomes were elevated among flooded compared with unaffected participants (adjusted OR for probable depression: 7.77, 95% CI: 1.51 to 40.13; anxiety: 4.16, 95% CI: 1.18 to 14.70; PTSD: 14.41, 95% CI: 3.91 to 53.13). The prevalence of depression was higher among repeat compared with single flooded participants, but this was not significant after adjustment. There was no difference in levels of anxiety or PTSD. Compared with unaffected participants, those flooded had lower EQ-5D-5L index scores (adjusted coefficient: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.01) and lower self-rated health scores (adjusted coefficient: -6.99, 95% CI: -11.96 to -2.02). There was, however, little difference in HRQoL overall between repeat and single flooded participants. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to help minimise the impact of flooding on people's mental health and HRQoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare E French
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas D Waite
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Ben Armstrong
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London, UK
| | - Charles R Beck
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London, UK
- Field Service South West, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| | - Isabel Oliver
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London, UK
- Field Service South West, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chakraborty J, Collins TW, Grineski SE. Exploring the Environmental Justice Implications of Hurricane Harvey Flooding in Greater Houston, Texas. Am J Public Health 2018; 109:244-250. [PMID: 30571302 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the environmental justice implications of flooding from Hurricane Harvey in Greater Houston, Texas, we analyzed whether the areal extent of flooding was distributed inequitably with respect to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, after controlling for relevant explanatory factors. METHODS Our study integrated cartographic information from Harvey's Inundation Footprint, developed by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency, with sociodemographic data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey. Statistical analyses were based on bivariate correlations and multivariate generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The areal extent of Harvey-induced flooding was significantly greater in neighborhoods with a higher proportion of non-Hispanic Black and socioeconomically deprived residents after we controlled for contextual factors and clustering. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic injustices in the distribution of flooding and represent an important starting point for more detailed investigation of disproportionate impacts associated with Hurricane Harvey. Public Health Implications. Our findings highlight the need to prepare for and address the unequal social consequences of climate change-related disasters, which are expected to increase in frequency and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayajit Chakraborty
- Jayajit Chakraborty is with the Department of Sociology & Anthropology and the Socio-Environmental and Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of Texas at El Paso. Timothy W. Collins is with the Department of Geography, and Sara E. Grineski is with the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Timothy W Collins
- Jayajit Chakraborty is with the Department of Sociology & Anthropology and the Socio-Environmental and Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of Texas at El Paso. Timothy W. Collins is with the Department of Geography, and Sara E. Grineski is with the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Sara E Grineski
- Jayajit Chakraborty is with the Department of Sociology & Anthropology and the Socio-Environmental and Geospatial Analysis Lab, University of Texas at El Paso. Timothy W. Collins is with the Department of Geography, and Sara E. Grineski is with the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Howell KH, Thurston IB, Schwartz LE, Jamison LE, Hasselle AJ. Protective Factors associated with Resilience in Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2018; 8:438-447. [PMID: 30393573 PMCID: PMC6208361 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on adversity is often skewed toward assessing problematic functioning; yet many women display resilience following traumatic experiences. Examining individual, relational, community, and cultural variables can provide new knowledge about protective factors associated with resilience in women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Controlling for demographics and circumstances of the violence, this study evaluated predictors of resilience, including spirituality, social support, community cohesion, and ethnic identity. METHOD The sample consisted of 112 women (Mage =32.12, SD=5.78) exposed to physical, psychological, and/or sexual intimate partner violence in the past 6 months. Approximately 70% of participants were Black. Hierarchical linear regression modeling was conducted to examine factors related to resilience. Model 1 included demographics (age, education, and socioeconomic status) and stressful life experiences. Model 2 added circumstances of the violence: IPV severity, IPV perpetration by participant, and number of violent partners. The third and final model added spirituality, social support, community cohesion, and ethnic identity. RESULTS The final model was significant, F(11, 97)=6.63; p<.001, adj. R2 =36.5%; with greater social support (β=.24; p=.009), more spirituality (β=.28; p=.002), and fewer violent relationships (β= -.25; p=.003) predicting higher resilience among women exposed to IPV. CONCLUSION While risk factors associated with IPV are well-researched, little is known about factors related to resilient functioning, especially among minority populations. Knowledge gained from this study can advance the field of violence research by its identification of potentially mutable variables related to resilience. Such research could be applied to developing strength-based interventions for at-risk populations of violence-exposed women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Howell
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 356 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152-3230
| | - Idia B Thurston
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 310 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152-3230
| | - Laura E Schwartz
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152-3230
| | - Lacy E Jamison
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152-3230
| | - Amanda J Hasselle
- Doctoral Candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, 202 Psychology Building, Memphis, TN 38152-3230
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hayes K, Blashki G, Wiseman J, Burke S, Reifels L. Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions. Int J Ment Health Syst 2018; 12:28. [PMID: 29881451 PMCID: PMC5984805 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-018-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article provides an overview of the current and projected climate change risks and impacts to mental health and provides recommendations for priority actions to address the mental health consequences of climate change. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The authors argue the following three points: firstly, while attribution of mental health outcomes to specific climate change risks remains challenging, there are a number of opportunities available to advance the field of mental health and climate change with more empirical research in this domain; secondly, the risks and impacts of climate change on mental health are already rapidly accelerating, resulting in a number of direct, indirect, and overarching effects that disproportionally affect those who are most marginalized; and, thirdly, interventions to address climate change and mental health need to be coordinated and rooted in active hope in order to tackle the problem in a holistic manner. This discussion paper concludes with recommendations for priority actions to address the mental health consequences of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hayes
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - G. Blashki
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC Australia
| | - J. Wiseman
- Melbourne Sustainable Society Institute, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC Australia
| | - S. Burke
- Australian Psychological Society, Level 11, 257 Collins St, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - L. Reifels
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Fernandes GCM, Boehs AE, Denham SA, Nitschke RG, Martini JG. Rural families' interpretations of experiencing unexpected transition in the wake of a natural disaster. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00161515. [PMID: 28226069 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00161515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters affect populations in various parts of the world. The impacts of disasters can cause many problems to the health of people and disruption to family life, potentially leading to an unexpected transition. The objective of this paper is to present the unexpected transitional experiences of rural families following a natural disaster. A multiple case study of six families was conducted with children and adolescents in a rural area affected by a 2008 disaster in southern Brazil. For data collection, we used participant observation, narrative interviews, genograms, ecomaps and an instrument called calendar routine. The analysis of the data resulted in different family interpretations about the changes resulting from the storm and compared life before and after the disaster. The loss of homes and loved ones, migration, unemployment, and losses from the farm were the main changes associated with new development tasks. The experiences of family transition after the disaster revealed that losses influenced social lives, daily routines and the preservation of cultural values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon A Denham
- Texas Woman Graduate in Nursing, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, U.S.A
| | | | | |
Collapse
|