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Binder ARD, Mussack V, Kirchner B, Pfaffl MW. Uptake and effects of polystyrene nanoplastics in comparison to non-plastic silica nanoparticles on small intestine cells (IPEC-J2). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115147. [PMID: 37343485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics smaller than 1 µm accumulate as anthropogenic material in the food chain, but only little is known about their uptake and possible effects on potentially strongly exposed cells of the small intestine. The aim of the study was to observe the uptake of 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics into a non-tumorigenic small intestine cell culture model (IPEC-J2 cells) and to monitor the effects on cell growth and gene regulation, compared to a 100 nm non-plastic silica nanoparticle reference. The intracellular uptake of both types of nanoparticles was proven via (confocal) fluorescence microscopy and complemented with transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy showed a growth phase-dependent uptake of nanoparticles into the cells, hence further experiments included different time points related to epithelial closure, determined via electric cell substrate impedance sensing. No retardations in epithelial closure of cells after treatment with polystyrene nanoparticles could be found. In contrast, epithelial cell closure was partly negatively influenced by silica nanoparticles. An increased production of organic nanoparticles, like extracellular vesicles, was not measurable via nanoparticle tracking analysis. An assessment of messenger RNA by next generation sequencing and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that the TP53 pathway was influenced significantly by the polystyrene nanoparticle treatment. In both treatments, dysregulated mRNAs were highly enriched in the NOTCH signaling pathway compared to the non-particle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ronja Dorothea Binder
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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2
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Singh S, Rani H, Sharma N, Behl T, Zahoor I, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazm HA, Aleya L. Targeting multifunctional magnetic nanowires for drug delivery in cancer cell death: an emerging paradigm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57219-57235. [PMID: 37010687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, often known as programmed cell death is a mechanism used by numerous species to maintain tissue homeostasis. The process leading to cell death is complicated because it requires the stimulation of caspases. According to several studies, nanowires have important medical benefits, can kill cells by adhering to cancer cells, destroying them, and killing the entire cell using a triple attack that integrates vibration, heat, and drug delivery to trigger apoptosis. The sewage effluents and industrial, fertilizer and organic wastes decomposition can produce elevated levels of chemicals in the environment which may interrupt the cell cycle and activate apoptosis. The purpose of this review is to give a thorough summary of the evidence that is currently available on apoptosis. Current review discussed topics like the morphological and biochemical alterations that occur during apoptosis, as well as the various mechanisms that cause cell death, including the intrinsic (or mitochondrial), extrinsic (or death receptor), and intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum pathway. The apoptosis reduction in cancer development is mediated by (i) an imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as members of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) family of proteins, tumour protein 53 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, (ii) a reduction in caspase activity, and (iii) impaired death receptor signalling. This review does an excellent task of outlining the function of nanowires in both apoptosis induction and targeted drug delivery for cancer cells. A comprehensive summary of the relevance of nanowires synthesised for the purpose of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells has been compiled collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hema Rani
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, 141104, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences &Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Ishrat Zahoor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
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3
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Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Efficacy of AgCu and AgFe NanoAlloys: A Comparative Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121737. [PMID: 36551394 PMCID: PMC9774506 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely applied in daily life and in biomedical and industrial fields, there is a demand for Ag-based bimetallic nanoalloys (NAs), such as AgCu and AgFe, due to their enhanced antibacterial efficacy and reduced Ag consumption. In this work, we present a comparison study on the antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity rates of Ag NPs and AgCu and AgFe NAs to L929 mouse fibroblast cells using the CCK-8 technique based on the relative cell viability. The concept of the minimum death concentration (MDC) is introduced to estimate the cytotoxicity to the cells. It is found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the NPs against E. coli and S. aureus decrease with the addition of both Cu and Fe. There is a strong correlation between the MDC and MIC, implying that the mechanisms of both antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity are similar. The enhanced antibacterial efficacy to bacteria and cytotoxicity toward the cell are attributed to Ag+ release. The following order is found for both the MIC and MDC: AgFe < AgCu < Ag NPs. However, there is no cytotoxicity to the L929 cells for AgFe and AgCu NAs at their MIC Ag concentrations against S. aureus.
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4
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Bioanalytical approaches for the detection, characterization, and risk assessment of micro/nanoplastics in agriculture and food systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4591-4612. [PMID: 35459968 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the most recent literature (mostly since 2019) on the presence and impact of microplastics (MPs, particle size of 1 μm to 5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, particle size of 1 to 1000 nm) throughout the agricultural and food supply chain, focusing on the methods and technologies for the detection and characterization of these materials at key entry points. Methods for the detection of M/NPs include electron and atomic force microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman), hyperspectral (bright field and dark field) and fluorescence imaging, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Microfluidic biosensors and risk assessment assays of MP/NP for in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models have also been used. Advantages and limitations of each method or approach in specific application scenarios are discussed to highlight the scientific and technological obstacles to be overcome in future research. Although progress in recent years has increased our understanding of the mechanisms and the extent to which MP/NP affects health and the environment, many challenges remain largely due to the lack of standardized and reliable detection and characterization methods. Most of the methods available today are low-throughput, which limits their practical application to food and agricultural samples. Development of rapid and high-throughput field-deployable methods for onsite screening of MP/NPs is therefore a high priority. Based on the current literature, we conclude that detecting the presence and understanding the impact of MP/NP throughout the agricultural and food supply chain require the development of novel deployable analytical methods and sensors, the combination of high-precision lab analysis with rapid onsite screening, and a data hub(s) that hosts and curates data for future analysis.
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5
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Nakai M, Imai K, Hashimoto Y. Cell viability of fine powders in hybrid resins and ceramic materials for CAD/CAM. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:495-505. [PMID: 35264544 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resin blocks and ceramic blocks for CAD/CAM crowns were cut into powders and separated into three particle size groups. Oxidative stress and cell viability were measured in 3T3 and FRSK cells. The results of cytotoxicity tended to be slightly higher for resin than for ceramics. The values also increased as the particle size decreased in the powders. In addition, incorporation into cells was frequently observed under SEM, suggesting that the particle size of easily incorporated dust is different among cell types. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) showed an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in cell viability in most of the sample groups compared to the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the cells showed deep staining of the nuclei in the sample groups. It was found that oxidative stress cell viability and apoptosis appeared differently depending on the size of the particles and the type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakai
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
| | - Koichi Imai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University.,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University
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6
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Cui G, Su W, Tan M. Formation and biological effects of protein corona for food-related nanoparticles. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:2002-2031. [PMID: 34716644 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanoscience and nanoengineering provides new perspectives on the composition of food materials, and has great potential for food biology research and applications. The use of nanoparticle additives and the discovery of endogenous nanoparticles in food make it important to elucidate in vivo safety of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles will spontaneously adsorb proteins during transporting in blood and a protein corona can be formed on the nanoparticle surface inside the human body. Protein corona affects the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and the structure and function of proteins, which in turn affects a series of biological reactions. This article reviewed basic information about protein corona of food-related nanoparticles, elucidated the influence of protein corona on nanoparticles properties and protein structure and function, and discussed the effect of protein corona on nanoparticles in vivo. The effects of protein corona on nanoparticles transport, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and immune response were reviewed, and the reasons for these effects were also discussed. Finally, future research perspectives for food protein corona were proposed. Protein corona gives food nanoparticles a new identity, which makes proteins bound to nanoparticles undergo structural transformations that affect their recognition by receptors in vivo. It can have positive or negative impacts on cellular uptake and toxicity of nanoparticles and even trigger immune responses. Understanding the effects of protein corona have potential in evaluating the fate of the food-related nanoparticles, providing physicochemical and biological information about the interaction between proteins and foodborne nanoparticles. The review article will help to evaluate the safety of protein coronas formed on nanoparticles in food, and may provide fundamental information for understanding and controlling nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Cui
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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7
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González-Acedo A, García-Recio E, Illescas-Montes R, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Costela-Ruiz VJ. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies on the potential health repercussions of micro- and nanoplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130826. [PMID: 34162123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is a synthetic or semisynthetic polymer with numerous physicochemical properties, and its fragmentation can give rise to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). These particles can enter our ecosystem, where a process of constant degradation facilitates their dispersion and absorption by different species, affecting multiple organs and systems. The objective of this review was to provide an update on the potential health effects of MPs and NPs indicated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies have described the absorption of plastic particles of different sizes and have documented their proinflammatory effects and genotoxicity, which can lead to the structural alteration of cells. MPs and NPs have also been implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance. In vivo studies have demonstrated that MPs and NPs can access organisms via dietary and respiratory pathways and through the epidermis. Their reported effects include: changes in microbiota and digestive enzyme production; inflammatory processes at respiratory level; circulatory and reproductive system disorders; and neurotoxicity, inducing behavioral changes. In vitro and in vivo studies have evidenced detrimental effects in different organs and systems as a function of the dose, size, and chemical properties of plastic particles. Further research is warranted to determine the effects on human health of these particles at environmental doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel González-Acedo
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain.
| | - Enrique García-Recio
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada. C/ Dr. Azpitarte 4 - 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada. C/ Dr. Azpitarte 4 - 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada. C/ Dr. Azpitarte 4 - 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada. C/ Dr. Azpitarte 4 - 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Víctor Javier Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Spain), Avda. Ilustración, 60, 18016, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada. C/ Dr. Azpitarte 4 - 4(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
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8
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Adibkia K, Ehsani A, Jodaei A, Fathi E, Farahzadi R, Barzegar-Jalali M. Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:786-797. [PMID: 34395152 PMCID: PMC8353587 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Finding new strategies for the treatment of heart failures using stem cells has attracted a lot of attention. Meanwhile, nanotechnology-based approaches to regenerative medicine hypothesize a possible combination of stem cells and nanotechnology in the treatment of diseases. This study aims to investigate the in vitro effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) through detection of cardiac markers. For this purpose, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow resident and differentiated to the cardiac cells using a dedicated medium with Ag-NPs. Also, the cardiomyogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs was confirmed using immunocytochemistry. Then, real-time PCR and western blotting assay were used for measuring absolute telomere length (TL) measurement, and gene and protein assessment of the cells, respectively. It was found that 2.5 µg/mL Ag-NPs caused elongation of the telomeres and altered VEGF, C-TnI, VWF, SMA, GATA-4, TERT, and cyclin D protein and gene expression in the cardiomyogenically differentiated BM-MSCs. Also, there was a significant increase in the protein and gene expression of Wnt3 and β-catenin as main components of pathways. We concluded that Ag-NPs could change the in vitro expression of cardiac markers of BM-MSCs via the Wnt3/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asma Jodaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Ruseska I, Fresacher K, Petschacher C, Zimmer A. Use of Protamine in Nanopharmaceuticals-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1508. [PMID: 34200384 PMCID: PMC8230241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular biomolecules are currently dethroning classical small molecule therapeutics because of their improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine-a small polycationic peptide-represents a promising candidate. In nature, it binds and protects DNA against degradation during spermatogenesis due to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged DNA-phosphate backbone and the positively charged protamine. Researchers are mimicking this technique to develop innovative nanopharmaceutical drug delivery systems, incorporating protamine as a carrier for biologically active components such as DNA or RNA. The first part of this review highlights ongoing investigations in the field of protamine-associated nanotechnology, discussing the self-assembling manufacturing process and nanoparticle engineering. Immune-modulating properties of protamine are those that lead to the second key part, which is protamine in novel vaccine technologies. Protamine-based RNA delivery systems in vaccines (some belong to the new class of mRNA-vaccines) against infectious disease and their use in cancer treatment are reviewed, and we provide an update on the current state of latest developments with protamine as pharmaceutical excipient for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.R.); (K.F.); (C.P.)
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10
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Selvam S, Jesuraja K, Venkatramanan S, Roy PD, Jeyanthi Kumari V. Hazardous microplastic characteristics and its role as a vector of heavy metal in groundwater and surface water of coastal south India. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123786. [PMID: 33254795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Study of hazardous microplastics in the natural water resources is minimal compared to the sea salt, seafood and even packaged water. We presented results of the first baseline research of microplastics in groundwater and surface water from the coastal south India (Tamil Nadu state) and evaluated the heavy metal adsorption capacities of different polymers. The microplastics (up to 19.9 particles/L) were of relatively larger size in surface water (0.34-4.30 mm) compared to the groundwater (0.12-2.50 mm). Polyamide (nylon), polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and cellulose were the common polymers and all of them showed different capacities of heavy metal adsorption. In two different experimental sites, the polypropylene showed higher capacity of adsorption compared to other polymers in the following orders: (i) cadmium > manganese > lead > arsenic and (ii) manganese > zinc > arsenic > lead > copper. The polyamide, however, exhibited better adsorption only for manganese. Similar to other recent findings, our results associate microplastics as a major vector to transport heavy metals in the water system. Formulation of strategies to reduce the environmental risks of particulate plastics as a potent vector for transportation of the toxic trace elements and subsequent, impact on human health through the OSPRC framework (Origins, Sources, Pathways, Receptors and Consequence) in the study area would require future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selvam
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Jesuraja
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India; Registration No: 18212232061030, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkatramanan
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, CP 04510, Mexico
| | - V Jeyanthi Kumari
- Department of Zoology, A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Niu L, Shi M, Feng Y, Sun X, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Li M. The Interactions of Quantum Dot-Labeled Silk Fibroin Micro/Nanoparticles with Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3372. [PMID: 32751473 PMCID: PMC7436185 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When silk fibroin particles are used for controlled drug delivery, particle size plays a key role in the location of the carrier on the cells as well as the transport pathway, utilization efficiency, and therapeutic effect of the drugs. In this study, the interactions of different-sized silk fibroin particles and cell lines were investigated. Silk fibroin microparticles with dry size of 1.9 ± 0.4 μm (2.7 ± 0.3 μm in wet state) and silk fibroin nanoparticles with dry size of 51.5 ± 11.0 nm (174.8 ± 12.5 nm in wet state) were prepared by salting-out method and high-voltage electrospray method, respectively. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were coupled to the surface of the micro/nanoparticles. Photostability observations indicated that the fluorescence stability of the quantum dots was much higher than that of fluorescein isothiocyanate. In vitro, microparticles and nanoparticles were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells EA.hy 926 and cervical cancer cells HeLa, respectively. The fluorescence test and cell viability showed that the EA.hy926 cells tended to be adhered to the microparticle surfaces and the cell proliferation was significantly promoted, while the nanoparticles were more likely to be internalized in HeLa cells and the cell proliferation was notably inhibited. Our findings might provide useful information concerning effective drug delivery that microparticles may be preferred if the drugs need to be delivered to normal cell surface, while nanoparticles may be preferred if the drugs need to be transmitted in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren’ai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (M.S.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Y.W.); (Z.C.)
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12
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Li Z, Mu Y, Peng C, Lavin MF, Shao H, Du Z. Understanding the mechanisms of silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1658. [PMID: 32602269 PMCID: PMC7757183 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a consequence of recent progression in biomedicine and nanotechnology, nanomedicine has emerged rapidly as a new discipline with extensive application of nanomaterials in biology, medicine, and pharmacology. Among the various nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are particularly promising in nanomedicine applications due to their large specific surface area, adjustable pore size, facile surface modification, and excellent biocompatibility. This paper reviews the synthesis of SNPs and their recent usage in drug delivery, biomedical imaging, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, and other applications. In addition, the possible adverse effects of SNPs in nanomedicine applications are reviewed from reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, the potential opportunities and challenges for the future use of SNPs are discussed. This article is categorized under:Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingwen Mu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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13
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Nowak M, Brown TD, Graham A, Helgeson ME, Mitragotri S. Size, shape, and flexibility influence nanoparticle transport across brain endothelium under flow. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10153. [PMID: 32440560 PMCID: PMC7237148 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutic formulations are being increasingly explored for the treatment of various ailments. Despite numerous advances, the success of nanoparticle-based technologies in treating brain diseases has been limited. Translational hurdles of nanoparticle therapies are attributed primarily to their limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is one of the body's most exclusive barriers. Several efforts have been focused on developing affinity-based agents and using them to increase nanoparticle accumulation at the brain endothelium. Very little is known about the role of fundamental physical parameters of nanoparticles such as size, shape, and flexibility in determining their interactions with and penetration across the BBB. Using a three-dimensional human BBB microfluidic model (μHuB), we investigate the impact of these physical parameters on nanoparticle penetration across the BBB. To gain insights into the dependence of transport on nanoparticle properties, two separate parameters were measured: the number of nanoparticles that fully cross the BBB and the number that remain associated with the endothelium. Association of nanoparticles with the brain endothelium was substantially impacted by their physical characteristics. Hard particles associate more with the endothelium compared to soft particles, as do small particles compared to large particles, and spherical particles compared to rod-shaped particles. Transport across the BBB also exhibited a dependence on nanoparticle properties. A nonmonotonic dependence on size was observed, where 200 nm particles exhibited higher BBB transport compared to 100 and 500 nm spheres. Rod-shaped particles exhibited higher BBB transport when normalized by endothelial association and soft particles exhibited comparable transport to hard particles when normalized by endothelial association. Tuning nanoparticles' physical parameters could potentially enhance their ability to cross the BBB for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Nowak
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
| | - Tyler D. Brown
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
| | - Adam Graham
- Center for Nanoscale SystemsHarvard University11 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
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14
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Li Q, Feng Z, Zhang T, Ma C, Shi H. Microplastics in the commercial seaweed nori. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122060. [PMID: 31955027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been reported to attach to the marine macroalgae which act as the vector for microplastic transfer in the marine food web. In this study, the edible seaweed nori (Pyropia spp.) was chosen as a target species. The microplastic contaminant situations in nori were analyzed in both its final commercial products and the intermediate products across different processing stages. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 items/g (dw) among 24 brands of commercially packaged nori samples. With the development of nori processing stages, an enlarged size fraction of greater microplastics (1-5 mm) was observed. Compared with commercially packaged nori samples, the proportions of polypropylene, polyethylene and poly (ethylene-propylene) copolymers increased, whereas that of polyester decreased in factory-processed nori. Additionally, we further simulated and quantified the number of fluorescent polyester fibers (concentrations: 0, 1000, 5000, 10,000 fibers/L) attach to the algal pieces of Pyropia yezoensis under laboratory conditions. The average abundance of microfibers on the nori was positively and quantitatively related to their abundances in seawater (p < 0.01). To our best knowledge, this is the first work that shows the prevalence of microplastics in the commercial seaweed nori and relates to their potential sources during the processing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Cuizhu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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15
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Kurepa J, Shull TE, Smalle JA. Metabolomic analyses of the bio-corona formed on TiO 2 nanoparticles incubated with plant leaf tissues. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:28. [PMID: 32066442 PMCID: PMC7027069 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surface of a nanoparticle adsorbs molecules from its surroundings with a specific affinity determined by the chemical and physical properties of the nanomaterial. When a nanoparticle is exposed to a biological system, the adsorbed molecules form a dynamic and specific surface layer called a bio-corona. The present study aimed to identify the metabolites that form the bio-corona around anatase TiO2 nanoparticles incubated with leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS We used an untargeted metabolomics approach and compared the metabolites isolated from wild-type plants with plants deficient in a class of polyphenolic compounds called flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS These analyses showed that TiO2 nanoparticle coronas are enriched for flavonoids and lipids and that these metabolite classes compete with each other for binding the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Kurepa
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Timothy E Shull
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jan A Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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16
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Heddagaard FE, Møller P. Hazard assessment of small-size plastic particles: is the conceptual framework of particle toxicology useful? Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111106. [PMID: 31899364 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to plastic particles, but there are no studies on environmental plastics in cell cultures or animals. The toxicological understanding arises from model particles like polystyrene, polyethylene or non-plastic particles like food-grade titanium dioxide. The majority of studies on polystyrene particles show toxicological effects on measures of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction and apoptosis. The toxic effects in cell cultures mainly occur at high concentrations. Polyethylene particles seem to generate inflammatory reactions, whereas other toxicological effects have not been assessed. There are very few studies on effects of polystyrene particles in animal models and these have not demonstrated overt indices of toxicity. Studies in animals are the likely way for hazard assessment of micro- or nanoplastics. However, co-culture systems that mimic the complex architecture of mammalian tissues can cost-efficiently determine the hazards of micro- and nanoplastics. Future studies should include low doses of micro- and nanoplastic particles, which are more relevant in the assessment of health risk than the extrapolation of effects from high doses to realistic doses. Based on studies on model particles, environmental exposure to micro- and nanoplastic particles may be a hazard to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke Emilie Heddagaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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17
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Zheng K, Fan Y, Zhu Z, Chen G, Tang C, Peng X. Occurrence and Species-Specific Distribution of Plastic Debris in Wild Freshwater Fish from the Pearl River Catchment, China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1504-1513. [PMID: 30953377 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater systems are an important source and vector of plastic debris found in oceans. However, plastic debris in freshwater organisms has not been well studied. The occurrence, characterization, polymer composition, and seasonal and spatial distribution of plastic debris were investigated in 9 species of wild freshwater fish from the Pearl River catchment, south China. Approximately 50% of the total fish (n = 279) belonging to 9 species were found to ingest plastic debris with an average abundance of 7.0 ± 23.8 items/individual, indicating wide plastic contamination in the Pearl River catchment. Plastic debris were predominantly transparent or white in color, fibers or fragments in shape, and polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer (PE-PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in polymer composition. A species-specific distribution of the plastic debris was observed in terms of abundance, shape, and polymer composition. Redbelly tilapia had the highest (27.4 ± 54.0 items/individual), whereas common carp had the lowest (0.2 ± 0.4 items/individual) abundance of the plastic debris in their gastrointestinal tracts. Fibers of PET were predominant in the freshwater species except in barbel chubs, which had mostly PE-PP fragments. Omnivores and bottom-dwellers were more likely to ingest plastic debris. Seasonal variation was observed, with generally higher abundance of plastic debris in fish collected in the dry season than in the wet season. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1504-1513. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zewen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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18
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Makkar H, Verma SK, Panda PK, Pramanik N, Jha E, Suar M. Molecular insight to size and dose-dependent cellular toxicity exhibited by a green synthesized bioceramic nanohybrid with macrophages for dental applications. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:959-969. [PMID: 30310673 PMCID: PMC6116807 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvising bioceramics for enhancing their biocompatibility and physical properties has been a focus area for the dental industry. To further explore this area, this study reports a novel green synthesis and molecular in vitro biocompatibility of calcium aluminosilicate-chitosan nanohybrid (CAS-CH). The nanohybrids were synthesized by using a high energy ball milling (HEBM) technique and then characterized for their physiochemical properties using standard techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of a synthesized nanohybrid was made with a RAW264.7 cell line using cell viability assays, such as, MTT, cellular morphology analysis, induction of oxidative stress, and apoptosis. CAS-CH nanohybrids were synthesized at three milling time points: 1H, 2H, and 3H. With increasing milling time, we found a reduction in sizes of particles and increased zeta potential. Viability of cells was found to be decreased with an increase in concentration. Moreover, toxic effects like ROS generation and apoptosis were reduced with increasing milling time. Computational and experimental analysis elucidated the mechanism of toxicity as a consequence of influential functionality of Sod1 and p53 proteins due to interaction and internalization of the nanohybrids with amino acid residues via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The detailed study depicted a novel way of synthesizing biocompatible bioceramic nanohybrids with a mechanistic insight of its cytotoxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- KIIT Technology Business incubator , KIIT University , Bhubaneswar , Orissa 751024 , India .
| | - Suresh K Verma
- School of Biotechnology , KIIT University , Bhubaneswar , Orissa 751024 , India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- University of Freiburg , Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology , Freiburg , 79106 , Germany
| | - Nandini Pramanik
- Advance Science and Technology Research Centre , Vinoba Bhave University , Hazaribagh , Jharkhand 825301 , India
| | - Ealisha Jha
- Memorial University of Newfoundland , Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography , St John's , Newfoundland and Labrador , NL A1C 5S7 Canada
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT Technology Business incubator , KIIT University , Bhubaneswar , Orissa 751024 , India .
- School of Biotechnology , KIIT University , Bhubaneswar , Orissa 751024 , India
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19
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Fröhlich E. Toxicity of orally inhaled drug formulations at the alveolar barrier: parameters for initial biological screening. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:891-905. [PMID: 28574335 PMCID: PMC8241192 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1333172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most common mode of systemic drug application. Inhalation is mainly used for local therapy of lung diseases but may also be a promising route for systemic delivery of drugs that have poor oral bioavailability. The thin alveolar barrier enables fast and efficient uptake of many molecules and could deliver small molecules and proteins, which are susceptible to degradation and show poor absorption by oral application. The low rate of biotransformation and proteolytic degradation increases bioavailability of drugs but accumulation of not absorbed material may impair normal lung function. This limitation is more relevant for compounds that should be systematically active because higher doses have to be applied to the lung. The review describes processes that determine absorption of orally inhaled formulations, namely dissolution in the lung lining fluid and uptake and degradation by alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Dissolution testing in simulated lung fluid, screening for cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory action in respiratory cells and study of macrophage morphology, and phagocytosis can help to identify adverse effects of pulmonary formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- a Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.,b Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH , Graz , Austria
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20
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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21
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Murugadoss S, Lison D, Godderis L, Van Den Brule S, Mast J, Brassinne F, Sebaihi N, Hoet PH. Toxicology of silica nanoparticles: an update. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2967-3010. [PMID: 28573455 PMCID: PMC5562771 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale production and use of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have increased the risk of human exposure to SiNPs, while their health effects remain unclear. In this review, scientific papers from 2010 to 2016 were systematically selected and sorted based on in vitro and in vivo studies: to provide an update on SiNPs toxicity and to address the knowledge gaps indicated in the review of Napierska (Part Fibre Toxicol 7:39, 2010). Toxicity of SiNPs in vitro is size, dose, and cell type dependent. SiNPs synthesized by wet route exhibited noticeably different biological effects compared to thermal route-based SiNPs. Amorphous SiNPs (particularly colloidal and stöber) induced toxicity via mechanisms similar to crystalline silica. In vivo, route of administration and physico-chemical properties of SiNPs influences the toxicokinetics. Adverse effects were mainly observed in acutely exposed animals, while no significant signs of toxicity were noted in chronically dosed animals. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity remains less well established mainly due to improper-unrealistic-dosing both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, notwithstanding the multiple studies published in recent years, unambiguous linking of physico-chemical properties of SiNPs types to toxicity, bioavailability, or human health effects is not yet possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Unit for Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Room: 07.702, box 706, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52/B1.52.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Occupational, Environmental and Insurance Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 block d, box 7001, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sybille Van Den Brule
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52/B1.52.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- EM-unit, Center for Veterinary and Agrochemical Studies and Research (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, Uccle, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederic Brassinne
- EM-unit, Center for Veterinary and Agrochemical Studies and Research (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, Uccle, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noham Sebaihi
- General Quality and Safety, Metrology Department, National Standards, North Gate-Office 2A29, Bd du Roi Albert II, 16, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter H. Hoet
- Unit for Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Room: 07.702, box 706, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
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22
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Abstract
Microplastics are a pollutant of environmental concern. Their presence in food destined for human consumption and in air samples has been reported. Thus, microplastic exposure via diet or inhalation could occur, the human health effects of which are unknown. The current review article draws upon cross-disciplinary scientific literature to discuss and evaluate the potential human health impacts of microplastics and outlines urgent areas for future research. Key literature up to September 2016 relating to accumulation, particle toxicity, and chemical and microbial contaminants was critically examined. Although microplastics and human health is an emerging field, complementary existing fields indicate potential particle, chemical and microbial hazards. If inhaled or ingested, microplastics may accumulate and exert localized particle toxicity by inducing or enhancing an immune response. Chemical toxicity could occur due to the localized leaching of component monomers, endogenous additives, and adsorbed environmental pollutants. Chronic exposure is anticipated to be of greater concern due to the accumulative effect that could occur. This is expected to be dose-dependent, and a robust evidence-base of exposure levels is currently lacking. Although there is potential for microplastics to impact human health, assessing current exposure levels and burdens is key. This information will guide future research into the potential mechanisms of toxicity and hence therein possible health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Wright
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Analytical and Environmental Sciences, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Analytical and Environmental Sciences, King's College London , London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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23
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Möckl L, Hirn S, Torrano AA, Uhl B, Bräuchle C, Krombach F. The glycocalyx regulates the uptake of nanoparticles by human endothelial cells in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:207-217. [PMID: 28078967 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the role of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) for the uptake of nanoparticles by endothelial cells. METHODS The expression of the eGCX on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells was determined by immunostaining of heparan sulfate. Enzymatic degradation of the eGCX was achieved by incubating the cells with eGCX-shedding enzymes. The uptake of 50-nm polystyrene nanospheres was quantified by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressed a robust eGCX when cultured for 10 days. The uptake of both carboxylated and aminated polystyrene nanospheres was significantly increased in cells in which the glycocalyx was enzymatically degraded, while it remained at a low level in cells with an intact glycocalyx. CONCLUSION The eGCX constitutes a barrier against the internalization of blood-borne nanoparticles by endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Möckl
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hirn
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Adriano A Torrano
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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24
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Mouthuy PA, Snelling SJ, Dakin SG, Milković L, Gašparović AČ, Carr AJ, Žarković N. Biocompatibility of implantable materials: An oxidative stress viewpoint. Biomaterials 2016; 109:55-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Ma DD, Yang WX. Engineered nanoparticles induce cell apoptosis: potential for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40882-40903. [PMID: 27056889 PMCID: PMC5130051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been widely applied in industry, commodities, biology and medicine recently. The potential for many related threats to human health has been highlighted. ENPs with their sizes no larger than 100 nm are able to enter the human body and accumulate in organs such as brain, liver, lung, testes, etc, and cause toxic effects. Many references have studied ENP effects on the cells of different organs with related cell apoptosis noted. Understanding such pathways towards ENP induced apoptosis may aid in the design of effective cancer targeting ENP drugs. Such ENPs can either have a direct effect towards cancer cell apoptosis or can be used as drug delivery agents. Characteristics of ENPs, such as sizes, shape, forms, charges and surface modifications are all seen to play a role in determining their toxicity in target cells. Specific modifications of such characteristics can be applied to reduce ENP bioactivity and thus alleviate unwanted cytotoxicity, without affecting the intended function. This provides an opportunity to design ENPs with minimum toxicity to non-targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Ma
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Schimke MM, Stigler R, Wu X, Waag T, Buschmann P, Kern J, Untergasser G, Rasse M, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Krueger A, Lepperdinger G. Biofunctionalization of scaffold material with nano-scaled diamond particles physisorbed with angiogenic factors enhances vessel growth after implantation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:823-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Browne MA, Underwood AJ, Chapman MG, Williams R, Thompson RC, van Franeker JA. Linking effects of anthropogenic debris to ecological impacts. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20142929. [PMID: 25904661 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated contamination of habitats with debris has caused increased effort to determine ecological impacts. Strikingly, most work on organisms focuses on sublethal responses to plastic debris. This is controversial because (i) researchers have ignored medical insights about the mechanisms that link effects of debris across lower levels of biological organization to disease and mortality, and (ii) debris is considered non-hazardous by policy-makers, possibly because individuals can be injured or removed from populations and assemblages without ecological impacts. We reviewed the mechanisms that link effects of debris across lower levels of biological organization to assemblages and populations. Using plastic, we show microplastics reduce the 'health', feeding, growth and survival of ecosystem engineers. Larger debris alters assemblages because fishing-gear and tyres kill animals and damage habitat-forming plants, and because floating bottles facilitate recruitment and survival of novel taxa. Where ecological linkages are not known, we show how to establish hypothetical links by synthesizing studies to assess the likelihood of impacts. We also consider how population models examine ecological linkages and guide management of ecological impacts. We show that by focusing on linkages to ecological impacts rather than the presence of debris and its sublethal impacts, we could reduce threats posed by debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anthony Browne
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351, USA Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - A J Underwood
- School of Biological Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - M G Chapman
- School of Biological Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Rob Williams
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Richard C Thompson
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8 AA, UK
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Pirela SV, Miousse IR, Lu X, Castranova V, Thomas T, Qian Y, Bello D, Kobzik L, Koturbash I, Demokritou P. Effects of Laser Printer-Emitted Engineered Nanoparticles on Cytotoxicity, Chemokine Expression, Reactive Oxygen Species, DNA Methylation, and DNA Damage: A Comprehensive in Vitro Analysis in Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells, Macrophages, and Lymphoblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:210-9. [PMID: 26080392 PMCID: PMC4749083 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) incorporated into toner formulations of printing equipment become airborne during consumer use. Although information on the complex physicochemical and toxicological properties of both toner powders and printer-emitted particles (PEPs) continues to grow, most toxicological studies have not used the actual PEPs but rather have primarily used raw toner powders, which are not representative of current exposures experienced at the consumer level during printing. OBJECTIVES We assessed the biological responses of a panel of human cell lines to PEPs. METHODS Three physiologically relevant cell lines--small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), macrophages (THP-1 cells), and lymphoblasts (TK6 cells)--were exposed to PEPs at a wide range of doses (0.5-100 μg/mL) corresponding to human inhalation exposure durations at the consumer level of 8 hr or more. Following treatment, toxicological parameters reflecting distinct mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS PEPs caused significant membrane integrity damage, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release in different cell lines at doses equivalent to exposure durations from 7.8 to 1,500 hr. Furthermore, there were differences in methylation patterns that, although not statistically significant, demonstrate the potential effects of PEPs on the overall epigenome following exposure. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro findings obtained in this study suggest that laser printer-emitted engineered nanoparticles may be deleterious to lung cells and provide preliminary evidence of epigenetic modifications that might translate to pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra V. Pirela
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Treye Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to P. Demokritou, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Room 1310B, Boston, MA 02115 USA. (617) 432-3481. E-mail:
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Prabhu VM, Reipa V, Rondinone AJ, Formo E, Bonnesen PV. Development of in situ Electrochemical Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (eSANS) for Simultaneous Structure and Redox Characterization of Nanoparticles. ECS TRANSACTIONS 2016; 72:10.1149/07202.0179ecst. [PMID: 32117527 PMCID: PMC7047660 DOI: 10.1149/07202.0179ecst] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An in situ electrochemical small-angle neutron scattering (eSANS) method was developed to measure simultaneously the redox properties and size, shape and interactions of solution-dispersed nanomaterials. By combining multi-step potentials and chronocoulometry readout with SANS, the structure and redox properties of engineered nanomaterials are followed in one experiment. Specifically, ZnO nanoparticles were examined as dilute dispersions in pH buffered deuterium oxide solutions under negative electrode potentials. The ZnO disk-shaped nanoparticles undergo an irreversible size transformation upon reduction at the vitreous carbon electrode. The decrease in average nanoparticle size near a current maximum shows the reduction reaction from ZnO to Zn occurs. The eSANS method provides nanometer scale sensitivity to nanoparticle size and shape changes due to an electrochemical reaction that is crucial to understand in energy, healthcare, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek M. Prabhu
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Adam J. Rondinone
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Eric Formo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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30
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Naganuma A. History and development of <i>The Journal of Toxicological Sciences </i>. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:SP11-SP13. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.sp11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Naganuma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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31
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Yin H, Casey PS, McCall MJ, Fenech M. Size-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ZnO particles to human lymphoblastoid (WIL2-NS) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:767-776. [PMID: 26248212 DOI: 10.1002/em.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between particle size and cytogenotoxicity of ZnO particles was systematically studied in vitro using WIL2-NS human lymphoblastoid cells. Before toxicity measurements, the ZnO particles of three different sizes (26 nm, 78 nm, and 147 nm) were well characterized for their physical and chemical properties to ensure that variations in other properties including surface chemistry and particle shape, which also may influence particle toxicity, were minimal. Cell viability testing showed that increasing cytotoxicity was associated with decreasing particle size. Both the dissolution kinetics of ZnO particles in supplemented cell culture medium and the apparent numbers of ZnO particles internalized by cells were size dependent and showed strong correlation with cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity, as measured by micronucleus formation, was significantly enhanced in the presence of the medium-sized and large-sized particles. The observation that necrosis increased with smaller- sized particles but micronuclei were present to a greater extent with larger- sized particles suggests that different mechanisms of cell damage induction or susceptibilities are operating depending on particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip S Casey
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maxine J McCall
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hosseinidoust Z, Alam MN, Sim G, Tufenkji N, van de Ven TGM. Cellulose nanocrystals with tunable surface charge for nanomedicine. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16647-57. [PMID: 26154822 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02506k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline nanoparticles of cellulose exhibit attractive properties as nanoscale carriers for bioactive molecules in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. For applications in imaging and drug delivery, surface charge is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of nanocarriers. However, current methods of preparation offer little flexibility for controlling the surface charge of cellulose nanocrystals, leading to compromised colloidal stability under physiological conditions. We report a synthesis method that results in nanocrystals with remarkably high carboxyl content (6.6 mmol g(-1)) and offers continuous control over surface charge without any adjustment to the reaction conditions. Six fractions of nanocrystals with various surface carboxyl contents were synthesized from a single sample of softwood pulp with carboxyl contents varying from 6.6 to 1.7 mmol g(-1) and were fully characterized. The proposed method resulted in highly stable colloidal nanocrystals that did not aggregate when exposed to high salt concentrations or serum-containing media. Interactions of these fractions with four different tissue cell lines were investigated over a wide range of concentrations (50-300 μg mL(-1)). Darkfield hyperspectral imaging and confocal microscopy confirmed the uptake of nanocrystals by selected cell lines without any evidence of membrane damage or change in cell density; however a charge-dependent decrease in mitochondrial activity was observed for charge contents higher than 3.9 mmol g(-1). A high surface carboxyl content allowed for facile conjugation of fluorophores to the nanocrystals without compromising colloidal stability. The cellular uptake of fluoresceinamine-conjugated nanocrystals exhibited a time-dose dependent relationship and increased significantly with doubling of the surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C6, Canada
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Meindl C, Kueznik T, Bösch M, Roblegg E, Fröhlich E. Intracellular calcium levels as screening tool for nanoparticle toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1150-9. [PMID: 25976553 PMCID: PMC4606983 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered nano-sized materials led to revolutionary developments in many industrial applications and in the medical field. These materials, however, also may cause cytotoxicity. In addition to size, surface properties and shape were identified as relevant parameters for cell damage. Cell damage may occur as disruption of membrane integrity, induction of apoptosis and by organelle damage. Generation of oxidative stress may serve as an indicator for cytotoxicity. Effects occurring upon short contact of particles with cells, for instance in the systemic blood circulation, could be identified according to increases of intracellular [Ca(2+) ] levels, which are caused by variety of toxic stimuli. Negatively charged, neutral and positively charged polystyrene particles of different sizes were used to study the role of size and surface properties on viability, membrane disruption, apoptosis, lysosome function, intracellular [Ca(2+) ] levels and generation of oxidative stress. Silica particles served to test this hypothesis. Twenty nm polystyrene particles as well as 12 nm and 40 nm silica particles caused membrane damage and apoptosis with no preference of the surface charge. Only 20 nm plain and amine functionalized polystyrene particles cause oxidative stress and only the plain particles lysosomal damage. A potential role of surface charge was identified for 200 nm polystyrene particles, where only the amidine particles caused lysosomal damage. Increases in intracellular [Ca(2+) ] levels and cytotoxicity after 24 h was often linked but determination of intracellular [Ca(2+) ] levels could serve to characterize further the type of membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of GrazAustria
| | - Tatjana Kueznik
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of GrazAustria
| | - Martina Bösch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of GrazAustria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of GrazAustria
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34
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Schäferling M. Nanoparticle-based luminescent probes for intracellular sensing and imaging of pH. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:378-413. [PMID: 26395962 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging microscopy is an essential tool in biomedical research. Meanwhile, various fluorescent probes are available for the staining of cells, cell membranes, and organelles. Though, to monitor intracellular processes and dysfunctions, probes that respond to ubiquitous chemical parameters determining the cellular function such as pH, pO2 , and Ca(2+) are required. This review is focused on the progress in the design, fabrication, and application of photoluminescent nanoprobes for sensing and imaging of pH in living cells. The advantages of using nanoprobes carrying fluorescent pH indicators compared to single molecule probes are discussed as well as their limitations due to the mostly lysosomal uptake by cells. Particular attention is paid to ratiometric dual wavelength nanosensors that enable intrinsic referenced measurements. Referencing and proper calibration procedures are basic prerequisites to carry out reliable quantitative pH determinations in complex samples such as living cells. A variety of examples will be presented that highlight the diverseness of nanocarrier materials (polymers, micelles, silica, quantum dots, carbon dots, gold, photon upconversion nanocrystals, or bacteriophages), fluorescent pH indicators for the weak acidic range, and referenced sensing mechanisms, that have been applied intracellularly up to now. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:378-413. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1366 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schäferling
- Division 1.10 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Moser M, Behnke T, Hamers-Allin C, Klein-Hartwig K, Falkenhagen J, Resch-Genger U. Quantification of PEG-Maleimide Ligands and Coupling Efficiencies on Nanoparticles with Ellman’s Reagent. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9376-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Moser
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolina Hamers-Allin
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klein-Hartwig
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Søndergaard RV, Christensen NM, Henriksen JR, Kumar EKP, Almdal K, Andresen TL. Facing the Design Challenges of Particle-Based Nanosensors for Metabolite Quantification in Living Cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8344-78. [PMID: 26244372 DOI: 10.1021/cr400636x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke V Søndergaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nynne M Christensen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Henriksen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E K Pramod Kumar
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark , Produktionstorvet 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) present in the environment and in consumer products can cause immunotoxic effects. The immune system is very complex, and in vivo studies are the gold standard for evaluation. Due to the increased amount of NPs that are being developed, cellular screening assays to decrease the amount of NPs that have to be tested in vivo are highly needed. Effects on the unspecific immune system, such as effects on phagocytes, might be suitable for screening for immunotoxicity because these cells mediate unspecific and specific immune responses. They are present at epithelial barriers, in the blood, and in almost all organs. This review summarizes the effects of carbon, metal, and metal oxide NPs used in consumer and medical applications (gold, silver, titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and polystyrene NPs on the immune system. Effects in animal exposures through different routes are compared to the effects on isolated phagocytes. In addition, general problems in the testing of NPs, such as unknown exposure doses, as well as interference with assays are mentioned. NPs appear to induce a specific immunotoxic pattern consisting of the induction of inflammation in normal animals and aggravation of pathologies in disease models. The evaluation of particle action on several phagocyte functions in vitro may provide an indication on the potency of the particles to induce immunotoxicity in vivo. In combination with information on realistic exposure levels, in vitro studies on phagocytes may provide useful information on the health risks of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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38
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Paget V, Dekali S, Kortulewski T, Grall R, Gamez C, Blazy K, Aguerre-Chariol O, Chevillard S, Braun A, Rat P, Lacroix G. Specific uptake and genotoxicity induced by polystyrene nanobeads with distinct surface chemistry on human lung epithelial cells and macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123297. [PMID: 25875304 PMCID: PMC4398494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle surface chemistry is known to play a crucial role in interactions with cells and their related cytotoxic effects. As inhalation is a major route of exposure to nanoparticles, we studied specific uptake and damages of well-characterized fluorescent 50 nm polystyrene (PS) nanobeads harboring different functionalized surfaces (non-functionalized, carboxylated and aminated) on pulmonary epithelial cells and macrophages (Calu-3 and THP-1 cell lines respectively). Cytotoxicity of in mass dye-labeled functionalized PS nanobeads was assessed by xCELLigence system and alamarBlue viability assay. Nanobeads-cells interactions were studied by video-microscopy, flow cytometry and also confocal microscopy. Finally ROS generation was assessed by glutathione depletion dosages and genotoxicity was assessed by γ-H2Ax foci detection, which is considered as the most sensitive technique for studying DNA double strand breaks. The uptake kinetic was different for each cell line. All nanobeads were partly adsorbed and internalized, then released by Calu-3 cells, while THP-1 macrophages quickly incorporated all nanobeads which were located in the cytoplasm rather than in the nuclei. In parallel, the genotoxicity study reported that only aminated nanobeads significantly increased DNA damages in association with a strong depletion of reduced glutathione in both cell lines. We showed that for similar nanoparticle concentrations and sizes, aminated polystyrene nanobeads were more cytotoxic and genotoxic than unmodified and carboxylated ones on both cell lines. Interestingly, aminated polystyrene nanobeads induced similar cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on Calu-3 epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages, for all levels of intracellular nanoparticles tested. Our results strongly support the primordial role of nanoparticles surface chemistry on cellular uptake and related biological effects. Moreover our data clearly show that nanoparticle internalization and observed adverse effects are not necessarily associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paget
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Samir Dekali
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Laboratoire de chimie et toxicologie analytique et cellulaire (C-TAC) / UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes (PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | | | - Romain Grall
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, Laboratoire Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Gamez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Kelly Blazy
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Olivier Aguerre-Chariol
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Sylvie Chevillard
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, Laboratoire Cancérologie Expérimentale (LCE), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne Braun
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- Laboratoire de chimie et toxicologie analytique et cellulaire (C-TAC) / UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes (PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Lacroix
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- * E-mail:
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Arai Y, Miyayama T, Hirano S. Difference in the toxicity mechanism between ion and nanoparticle forms of silver in the mouse lung and in macrophages. Toxicology 2015; 328:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Goud VD, DSouza R, Valiyaveettil S. Solution processable polyamines via click chemistry for water purification. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly stable amine functionalized polystyrenes were prepared and used for the removal of dissolved pollutants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanga Devendar Goud
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117 543
- Singapore
| | - Roshan DSouza
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117 543
- Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117 543
- Singapore
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Ahlberg S, Antonopulos A, Diendorf J, Dringen R, Epple M, Flöck R, Goedecke W, Graf C, Haberl N, Helmlinger J, Herzog F, Heuer F, Hirn S, Johannes C, Kittler S, Köller M, Korn K, Kreyling WG, Krombach F, Lademann J, Loza K, Luther EM, Malissek M, Meinke MC, Nordmeyer D, Pailliart A, Raabe J, Rancan F, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Rühl E, Schleh C, Seibel A, Sengstock C, Treuel L, Vogt A, Weber K, Zellner R. PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1944-65. [PMID: 25383306 PMCID: PMC4222445 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PVP-capped silver nanoparticles with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm and a zeta potential of -20 mV were prepared and investigated with regard to their biological activity. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties (dissolution, protein adsorption, dispersability) of these nanoparticles and the cellular consequences of the exposure of a broad range of biological test systems to this defined type of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles dissolve in water in the presence of oxygen. In addition, in biological media (i.e., in the presence of proteins) the surface of silver nanoparticles is rapidly coated by a protein corona that influences their physicochemical and biological properties including cellular uptake. Silver nanoparticles are taken up by cell-type specific endocytosis pathways as demonstrated for hMSC, primary T-cells, primary monocytes, and astrocytes. A visualization of particles inside cells is possible by X-ray microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and combined FIB/SEM analysis. By staining organelles, their localization inside the cell can be additionally determined. While primary brain astrocytes are shown to be fairly tolerant toward silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles induce the formation of DNA double-strand-breaks (DSB) and lead to chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines (CHO9, K1, V79B). An exposure of rats to silver nanoparticles in vivo induced a moderate pulmonary toxicity, however, only at rather high concentrations. The same was found in precision-cut lung slices of rats in which silver nanoparticles remained mainly at the tissue surface. In a human 3D triple-cell culture model consisting of three cell types (alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), adverse effects were also only found at high silver concentrations. The silver ions that are released from silver nanoparticles may be harmful to skin with disrupted barrier (e.g., wounds) and induce oxidative stress in skin cells (HaCaT). In conclusion, the data obtained on the effects of this well-defined type of silver nanoparticles on various biological systems clearly demonstrate that cell-type specific properties as well as experimental conditions determine the biocompatibility of and the cellular responses to an exposure with silver nanoparticles.
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Wagner K, Leitinger G, Roblegg E. Use of whole genome expression analysis in the toxicity screening of nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:272-84. [PMID: 25102311 PMCID: PMC4222661 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) offers exciting new options in technical and medical applications provided they do not cause adverse cellular effects. Cellular effects of NPs depend on particle parameters and exposure conditions. In this study, whole genome expression arrays were employed to identify the influence of particle size, cytotoxicity, protein coating, and surface functionalization of polystyrene particles as model particles and for short carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as particles with potential interest in medical treatment. Another aim of the study was to find out whether screening by microarray would identify other or additional targets than commonly used cell-based assays for NP action. Whole genome expression analysis and assays for cell viability, interleukin secretion, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were employed. Similar to conventional assays, microarray data identified inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as affected by NP treatment. Application of lower particle doses and presence of protein decreased the total number of regulated genes but did not markedly influence the top regulated genes. Cellular effects of CNTs were small; only carboxyl-functionalized single-walled CNTs caused appreciable regulation of genes. It can be concluded that regulated functions correlated well with results in cell-based assays. Presence of protein mitigated cytotoxicity but did not cause a different pattern of regulated processes. Regulated functions were screened using whole genome expression assays. Polystyrene particles regulated more genes than short carbon nanotubes. Protein coating of polystyrene particles did not change regulation pattern. Functions regulated by microarray were confirmed by cell-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Wagner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute for Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Lu C, Li J, Xu K, Yang C, Wang J, Han C, Liu X. Fabrication of mAb G250-SPIO molecular magnetic resonance imaging nanoprobe for the specific detection of renal cell carcinoma in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101898. [PMID: 24999987 PMCID: PMC4084989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) has been paid more and more attention for early diagnosis of cancer. A sensitive and specific mMRI probe plays the most important role in this technique. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and mAb G250 were conjugated as mMRI probe for the detection of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using 3.0-Tesla MRI in vitro. mAb G250 could specifically recognize carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) antigen overexpressed in ccRCC and the SPIO nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent presented excellent MRI response and good biocompatibility. The successful assembly of this nanoprobe was confirmed by UV-vis spectrum, FT-IR spectroscopy and DLS analysis. In vitro MRI study on ccRCC cells and control cells indicated that our fabricated mAb G250-SPIO nanoprobe could be used in the specific labeling of clear cell renal carcinoma cells successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailuan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Cuiping Han
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Qureshi ZS, DSouza R, Mallampati R, Valiyaveettil S. Synthesis of amine-functionalized block copolymers for nanopollutant removal from water. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyauddin S. Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, 3 Science Drive 3; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117 543
| | - Roshan DSouza
- Department of Chemistry, 3 Science Drive 3; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117 543
| | - Ramakrishna Mallampati
- Department of Chemistry, 3 Science Drive 3; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117 543
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, 3 Science Drive 3; National University of Singapore; Singapore 117 543
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Dekali S, Gamez C, Kortulewski T, Blazy K, Rat P, Lacroix G. Assessment of an in vitro model of pulmonary barrier to study the translocation of nanoparticles. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:157-171. [PMID: 28962236 PMCID: PMC5598380 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the lung is one of the main routes of exposure to manufactured nanoparticles, we developed an in vitro model resembling the alveolo-capillary barrier for the study of nanoparticle translocation. In order to provide a relevant and ethical in vitro model, cost effective and easy-to-implement human cell lines were used. Pulmonary epithelial cells (Calu-3 cell line) and macrophages (THP-1 differentiated cells) were cultivated on the apical side and pulmonary endothelial cells (HPMEC-ST1.6R cell line) on the basal side of a microporous polyester membrane (Transwell®). Translocation of non-functionalized (51 and 110 nm) and aminated (52 nm) fluorescent polystyrene (PS) nanobeads was studied in this system. The use of Calu-3 cells allowed high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values (>1000 Ω cm2) in co-cultures with or without macrophages. After 24 h of exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of non-functionalized PS nanobeads, the relative TEER values (%/t0) were significantly decreased in co-cultures. Epithelial cells and macrophages were able to internalize PS nanobeads. Regarding translocation, Transwell® membranes per se limit the passage of nanoparticles between apical and basal side. However, small non-functionalized PS nanobeads (51 nm) were able to translocate as they were detected in the basal side of co-cultures. Altogether, these results show that this co-culture model present good barrier properties allowing the study of nanoparticle translocation but research effort need to be done to improve the neutrality of the porous membrane delimitating apical and basal sides of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Dekali
- INERIS (Institut National de l’Environnement industriel et des RISques), Unité de Toxicologie expérimentale, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Laboratoire de chimie et toxicologie analytique et cellulaire (C-TAC), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes (PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité), 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Christelle Gamez
- INERIS (Institut National de l’Environnement industriel et des RISques), Unité de Toxicologie expérimentale, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Thierry Kortulewski
- CEA, DSV, iRCM, Plateforme imagerie photonique, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Kelly Blazy
- INERIS (Institut National de l’Environnement industriel et des RISques), Unité de Toxicologie expérimentale, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- Laboratoire de chimie et toxicologie analytique et cellulaire (C-TAC), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes (PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité), 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ghislaine Lacroix
- INERIS (Institut National de l’Environnement industriel et des RISques), Unité de Toxicologie expérimentale, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Corresponding author at: INERIS, Parc technologique ALATA, BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. Tel.: +33 3 44 55 63 15; fax: +33 3 44 55 66 05
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Sengstock C, Diendorf J, Epple M, Schildhauer TA, Köller M. Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:2058-69. [PMID: 25551033 PMCID: PMC4273214 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) are one of the fastest growing products in nano-medicine due to their enhanced antibacterial activity at the nanoscale level. In biomedicine, hundreds of products have been coated with Ag-NP. For example, various medical devices include silver, such as surgical instruments, bone implants and wound dressings. After the degradation of these materials, or depending on the coating technique, silver in nanoparticle or ion form can be released and may come into close contact with tissues and cells. Despite incorporation of Ag-NP as an antibacterial agent in different products, the toxicological and biological effects of silver in the human body after long-term and low-concentration exposure are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the effects of both ionic and nanoparticulate silver on the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages and on the secretion of the respective differentiation markers adiponectin, osteocalcin and aggrecan. RESULTS As shown through laser scanning microscopy, Ag-NP with a size of 80 nm (hydrodynamic diameter) were taken up into hMSCs as nanoparticulate material. After 24 h of incubation, these Ag-NP were mainly found in the endo-lysosomal cell compartment as agglomerated material. Cytotoxicity was observed for differentiated or undifferentiated hMSCs treated with high silver concentrations (≥20 µg·mL(-1) Ag-NP; ≥1.5 µg·mL(-1) Ag(+) ions) but not with low-concentration treatments (≤10 µg·mL(-1) Ag-NP; ≤1.0 µg·mL(-1) Ag(+) ions). Subtoxic concentrations of Ag-NP and Ag(+) ions impaired the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas chondrogenic differentiation was unaffected after 21 d of incubation. In contrast to aggrecan, the inhibitory effect of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by a decrease in the secretion of specific biomarkers, including adiponectin (adipocytes) and osteocalcin (osteoblasts). CONCLUSION Aside from the well-studied antibacterial effect of silver, little is known about the influence of nano-silver on cell differentiation processes. Our results demonstrate that ionic or nanoparticulate silver attenuates the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs even at non-toxic concentrations. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate the effects of silver species on cells at low concentrations during long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sengstock
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Diendorf
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Schildhauer
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- Bergmannsheil University Hospital/Surgical Research, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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Browne M, Niven S, Galloway T, Rowland S, Thompson R. Microplastic Moves Pollutants and Additives to Worms, Reducing Functions Linked to Health and Biodiversity. Curr Biol 2013; 23:2388-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prietl B, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Pieber TR, Lanzer G, Fröhlich E. Nano-sized and micro-sized polystyrene particles affect phagocyte function. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 30:1-16. [PMID: 24292270 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adverse effect of nanoparticles may include impairment of phagocyte function. To identify the effect of nanoparticle size on uptake, cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase release, leukocytes isolated from human peripheral blood, monocytes and macrophages were studied. Carboxyl polystyrene (CPS) particles in sizes between 20 and 1,000 nm served as model particles. Twenty nanometers CPS particles were taken up passively, while larger CPS particles entered cells actively and passively. Twenty nanometers CPS were cytotoxic to all phagocytes, ≥500 nm CPS particles only to macrophages. Twenty nanometers CPS particles stimulated IL-8 secretion in human monocytes and induced oxidative burst in monocytes. Five hundred nanometers and 1,000 nm CPS particles stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in monocytes and macrophages, chemotaxis towards a chemotactic stimulus of monocytes and phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and provoked an oxidative burst of granulocytes. At very high concentrations, CPS particles of 20 and 500 nm stimulated myeloperoxidase release of granulocytes and nitric oxide generation in macrophages. Cytotoxic effect could contribute to some of the observed effects. In the absence of cytotoxicity, 500 and 1,000 nm CPS particles appear to influence phagocyte function to a greater extent than particles in other sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prietl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
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Gradauer K, Barthelmes J, Vonach C, Almer G, Mangge H, Teubl B, Roblegg E, Dünnhaupt S, Fröhlich E, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Prassl R. Liposomes coated with thiolated chitosan enhance oral peptide delivery to rats. J Control Release 2013; 172:872-8. [PMID: 24140721 PMCID: PMC3913890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the in vivo evaluation of thiomer-coated liposomes for an oral application of peptides. For this purpose, salmon calcitonin was chosen as a model drug and encapsulated within liposomes. Subsequently, the drug loaded liposomes were coated with either chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CS-TGA) or an S-protected version of the same polymer (CS-TGA-MNA), leading to an increase in the particle size of about 500 nm and an increase in the zeta potential from approximately -40 mV to a maximum value of about +44 mV, depending on the polymer. Coated liposomes were demonstrated to effectively penetrate the intestinal mucus layer where they came in close contact with the underlying epithelium. To investigate the permeation enhancing properties of the coated liposomes ex vivo, we monitored the transport of fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled salmon calcitonin (FITC-sCT) through rat small intestine. Liposomes coated with CS-TGA-MNA showed the highest effect, leading to a 3.8-fold increase in the uptake of FITC-sCT versus the buffer control. In vivo evaluation of the different formulations was carried out by the oral application of 40 μg of sCT per rat, either encapsulated within uncoated liposomes, CS-TGA-coated liposomes or CS-TGA-MNA-coated liposomes, or given as a solution serving as negative control. The blood calcium level was monitored over a time period of 24h. The highest reduction in the blood calcium level, to a minimum of 65% of the initial value after 6h, was achieved for CS-TGA-MNA-coated liposomes. Comparing the areas above curves (AAC) of the blood calcium levels, CS-TGA-MNA-coated liposomes led to an 8.2-fold increase compared to the free sCT solution if applied orally in the same concentration. According to these results, liposomes coated with S-protected thiomers have demonstrated to be highly valuable carriers for enhancing the oral bioavailability of salmon calcitonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gradauer
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria.
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Dalai S, Pakrashi S, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Acute toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to Ceriodaphnia dubia under visible light and dark conditions in a freshwater system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62970. [PMID: 23658658 PMCID: PMC3639208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever increasing industrial and consumer applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) raise concern over the possible risk associated with their environmental exposure. Still, the knowledge regarding nanoparticle behavior in a freshwater ecosystem is lacking. The current study focuses on the toxicity of TiO2 NPs towards Ceriodaphnia dubia (a dominant daphnid isolated from the freshwater) under two different conditions; (1) light and dark photoperiod (16:8 h) and (2) continuous dark conditions, for a period of 48 h. An increase in toxicity was observed with an increase in the concentration, until a certain threshold level (under both photoperiod and dark conditions), and beyond which, reduction was noted. The decrease in toxicity would have resulted from the aggregation and settling of NPs, making them less bioavailable. The oxidative stress was one of the major contributors towards cytotoxicity under both photoperiod and dark conditions. The slow depuration of TiO2 NPs under the photoperiod conditions confirmed a higher NP bioaccumulation and thus a higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) compared to dark conditions. The transmission electron micrographs confirmed the bioaccumulation of NPs and damage of tissues in the gut lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamprava Dalai
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunandan Pakrashi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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