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Srinath S, Jishnu PV, Varghese VK, Shukla V, Adiga D, Mallya S, Chakrabarty S, Sharan K, Pandey D, Chatterjee A, Kabekkodu SP. Regulation and tumor-suppressive function of the miR-379/miR-656 (C14MC) cluster in cervical cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1608-1630. [PMID: 38400534 PMCID: PMC11161731 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a key contributor to cancer-related mortality in several countries. The identification of molecular markers and the underlying mechanism may help improve CC management. We studied the regulation and biological function of the chromosome 14 microRNA cluster (C14MC; miR-379/miR-656) in CC. Most C14MC members exhibited considerably lower expression in CC tissues and cell lines in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma patient cohorts. Bisulfite Sanger sequencing revealed hypermethylation of the C14MC promoter in CC tissues and cell lines. 5-aza-2 deoxy cytidine treatment reactivated expression of the C14MC members. We demonstrated that C14MC is a methylation-regulated miRNA cluster via artificial methylation and luciferase reporter assays. C14MC downregulation correlated with poor overall survival and may promote metastasis. C14MC activation via the lentiviral-based CRISPRa approach inhibited growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion; enhanced G2/M arrest; and induced senescence. Post-transcriptional regulatory network analysis of C14MC transcriptomic data revealed enrichment of key cancer-related pathways, such as metabolism, the cell cycle, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling. Reduced cell proliferation, growth, migration, invasion, and senescence correlated with the downregulation of active AKT, MYC, and cyclin E1 (CCNE1) and the overexpression of p16, p21, and p27. We showed that C14MC miRNA activation increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and lipid peroxidation rates, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). C14MC targets pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-3 (PDK3) according to the luciferase reporter assay. PDK3 is overexpressed in CC and is inversely correlated with C14MC. Both miR-494-mimic transfection and C14MC activation inhibited PDK3 expression. Reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, and upregulation of PDK3 upon C14MC activation suggest the potential role of these proteins in metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we showed that C14MC activation may inhibit EMT signaling. Thus, C14MC is a tumor-suppressive and methylation-regulated miRNA cluster in CC. Reactivation of C14MC can be useful in the management of CC.
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Grants
- Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
- Karnataka Fund for Infrastructure Strengthening in Science and Technology (K-FIST), the Government of Karnataka
- MTR/2021/000182 Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- EMR/2016/002314 Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
- IA/I/22/1/506240 DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance
- SPARC/2019-2020/P2297/SL SPARC
- IA/I/22/1/506240 Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance, Government of India
- Builder Grant, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India
- Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) Core in Pharmacogenomics at MAHE, the Manipal
- Wellcome Trust
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- SPARC
- Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC) Core in Pharmacogenomics at MAHE, the Manipal
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharikrishnaa Srinath
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS)Manipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy OncologyKasturba Medical CollegeManipalIndia
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyKasturba Medical CollegeManipalIndia
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS)Manipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia
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Khan NG, Adiga D, Rai PS, Kabekkodu SP. Integrated In-Silico and In Vitro analysis to Decipher the contribution of bisphenol-A in cervical cancer. Toxicology 2024; 504:153791. [PMID: 38555994 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical widely used as a monomer for producing polycarbonate plastics. The present investigation employed an in-silico approach to identify BPA-responsive genes and comprehend the biological functions affected using in vitro studies. A Comparative Toxicogenomics Database search identified 29 BPA-responsive genes in cervical cancer (CC). Twenty-nine genes were screened using published datasets, and thirteen of those showed differential expression between normal and CC samples. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPIN) analysis identified BIRC5, CASP8, CCND1, EGFR, FGFR3, MTOR, VEGFA, DOC2B, WNT5A, and YY1 as hub genes. KM-based survival analysis identified that CCND, EGFR, VEGFA, FGFR3, DOC2B, and YY1 might affect CC patient survival. SiHa and CaSki cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were all considerably accelerated by BPA exposure. Changes in cell morphology, remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, increased number and length of filopodia, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species and calcium, and lipid droplet accumulation were noted upon BPA exposure. BPA treatment upregulated the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway members and enhanced the nuclear translocation of CTNNB1. We showed that the enhanced migration and nuclear translocation of CTNNB1 upon BPA exposure is a calcium-dependent process. The present study identified potential BPA-responsive genes and provided novel insights into the biological effects and mechanisms affected by BPA in CC. Our study raises concern over the use of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Ghani Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Padmalatha Satwadi Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Daniello V, De Leo V, Lasalvia M, Hossain MN, Carbone A, Catucci L, Zefferino R, Ingrosso C, Conese M, Di Gioia S. Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)-Derived Nanovesicles Accelerate Wound Healing by Eliciting the Migration of Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2452. [PMID: 38473700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles have been considered interesting in medicine for their breakthrough biological effects, including those relevant to wound healing. However, tomato-derived nanovesicles (TDNVs) have not been studied for their effects on wound closure yet. TDNVs were isolated from Solanum lycopersicum (var. Piccadilly) ripe tomatoes by ultracentrifugation. Extract (collected during the isolation procedure) and NVs (pellet) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and laser Doppler electrophoresis. Wound healing in the presence of Extract or NVs was analyzed by a scratch assay with monocultures of human keratinocytes (HUKE) or NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Cell proliferation and migration were studied by MTT and agarose spot assay, respectively. The vesicles in the Extract and NV samples were nanosized with a similar mean diameter of 115 nm and 130 nm, respectively. Both Extract and NVs had already accelerated wound closure of injured HUKE and NIH-3T3 monocultures by 6 h post-injury. Although neither sample exerted a cytotoxic effect on HUKE and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, they did not augment cell proliferation. NVs and the Extract increased cell migration of both cell types. NVs from tomatoes may accelerate wound healing by increasing keratinocyte and fibroblast migration. These results indicate the potential therapeutic usefulness of TDNVs in the treatment of chronic or hard-to-heal ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Daniello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lasalvia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Catucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes of National Research Council (CNR-IPCF), S.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Clos-Sansalvador M, Monguió-Tortajada M, Grau-Leal F, Ruiz de Porras V, Garcia SG, Sanroque-Muñoz M, Font-Morón M, Franquesa M, Borràs FE. Agarose spot migration assay to measure the chemoattractant potential of extracellular vesicles: applications in regenerative medicine and cancer metastasis. BMC Biol 2023; 21:236. [PMID: 37884994 PMCID: PMC10605981 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of effector cells is one of the novel functions described for extracellular vesicles (EVs) that needs further study. For instance, cell recruitment by mesenchymal stromal cell derived-EVs (MSC-EVs) is one of the features by which MSC-EVs may induce regeneration and ameliorate tissue injury. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that cancer EVs play an important role in the preparation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) by recruiting their primary tumour cells. Understanding and measuring the potential of MSC-EVs or cancer-EVs to induce cell migration and recruitment is essential for cell-free therapeutic approaches and/or for a better knowledge of cancer metastasis, respectively. In this context, classical in vitro migration assays do not completely mimic the potential situation by which EVs exert their chemotactic capacity. RESULTS We adapted an agarose spot migration assay as an in vitro system to evaluate the cell recruitment capacity of locally delivered or localized EVs. Cell migration was tracked for 12 h or 48 h, respectively. Thereafter, endpoint migration images and time-lapse videos were analysed to quantify several parameters aiming to determine the migration of cells to either MSC-EV or pro-metastatic EV. The number of cells contained inside the agarose spots, the migration distance, the area occupied by cells, the directionality of the cell movement, and the Euclidean distance were measured. This multi-parametric evaluation revealed the potential of different MSC-EV preparations to recruit endothelial cells and to detect an enhanced recruitment capacity of highly metastatic PC3-derived EVs (PC3-EVs) compared to low-metastatic LNCaP-EVs in a tumour cell-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this agarose spot migration assay may offer a diversity of measurements and migration settings not provided by classical migration assays and reveal its potential use in the EV field in two different contexts with recruitment in common: regeneration and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Clos-Sansalvador
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
- ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Cardiology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Grau-Leal
- RCPB Group, CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP); ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de Les Escoles S/N, Badalona, 08916, Spain
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- CARE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio G Garcia
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Sanroque-Muñoz
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
| | - Miriam Font-Morón
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
| | - Francesc E Borràs
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) & Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08916, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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Dutta P, Bishayi B. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in combination with L-N-monomethyl arginine alleviates Staphylococcus aureus infection via regulation of CXCL8/CXCR1 axis in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106294. [PMID: 37567327 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The CXCL8/CXCR1 axis in conjoint with the free radicals and anti-oxidants dictates the severity of inflammation caused by the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. S.aureus mediated inflammatory processes is regulated by NF-κB and its product, iNOS. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS on CXCL8/CXCR1, alteration in M1/M2 polarization of macrophages and associated inflammatory responses during S.aureus infection in vitro. For this, the murine peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with NF-κB inhibitor, Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and iNOS inhibitor, L-N-monomethyl arginine (LNMMA), either alone or in combination, followed by time-dependent S.aureus infection. The chemotactic migrations of macrophages were determined by the agarose spot assay. The iNOS, NF-κB and CXCR1 protein expressions were evaluated. The ROS level (superoxide, H2O2, NO) and antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GSH, arginase) were measured. The intra-macrophage phagoctyic activity had been analyzed by confocal microscopy. S.aureus activated macrophages showed increased iNOS expression that symbolizes M1 characterization of macrophages. The results suggest that the combination treatment of LNMMA + PDTC was effective in diminution of CXCL8 production and CXCR1 expression through downregulation of NF-κB and iNOS signaling pathway. Consequently, there was decrement in macrophage migration, reduced ROS generation, elevated antioxidant enzyme activity as well as bacterial phagocytosis at 90 min post bacterial infection. The increased arginase activity further proves the switch from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages. Concludingly, the combination of PDTC + LNMMA could resolve S.aureus mediated inflammation through mitigation of CXCL8/CXCR1 pathway switching from M1 to M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Cox OT, O’Sullivan N, Tresse E, Ward S, Buckley N, O’Connor R. PDLIM2 is highly expressed in Breast Cancer tumour-associated macrophages and is required for M2 macrophage polarization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1028959. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1028959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The PDZ-LIM domain-containing protein 2 (PDLIM2) regulates cell polarity and the protein stability of key transcription factors in epithelial and hemopoietic cells. We previously reported that PDLIM2 is more highly expressed in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) than in other breast cancer types or normal breast tissue. In the course of the TNBC study, it was noted that PDLIM2 was highly expressed in the stroma of PDLIM2-expressing tumours. Here, we investigated the phenotype of these stromal cells and whether any infiltrating immune population was linked to PDLIM2 expression. We found that high PDLIM2 expression in breast tumours was associated with higher levels of infiltrating M2 macrophages, but was not associated with infiltrating T cell sub-populations. We then tested whether PDLIM2 contributes to macrophage differentiation or function by using cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages from wildtype and Pdlim2 knockout mice. This demonstrated that PDLIM2 is required for naïve macrophage migration and for the full adoption of IL-4-induced M2 polarization, including expression of M2 phenotypic markers, cell adhesion and cell migration. TLR4-, TLR3- or IFNγ-induced M1 macrophage activity was less dependent on PDLIM2. Finally, analysis of publicly available breast cancer datasets showed that high PDLIM2 expression is associated with increased M2 macrophage infiltration. We conclude that PDLIM2 expression influences the tumour associated stroma and, in particular, M2 macrophage infiltration that may contribute to the progression of TNBC or other subsets of breast cancer.
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Simone L, Pisani F, Binda E, Frigeri A, Vescovi AL, Svelto M, Nicchia GP. AQP4-dependent glioma cell features affect the phenotype of surrounding cells via extracellular vesicles. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:150. [PMID: 36071478 PMCID: PMC9450326 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles released systemically by all cells, including tumours. Tumour EVs have been shown to manipulate their local environments as well as distal targets to sustain the tumour in a variety of tumours, including glioblastoma (GBM). We have previously demonstrated the dual role of the glial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein in glioma progression or suppression depending on its aggregation state. However, its possible role in communication mechanisms in the microenvironment of malignant gliomas remains to be unveiled. Results Here we show that in GBM cells AQP4 is released via EVs that are able to affect the GBM microenvironment. To explore this role, EVs derived from invasive GBM cells expressing AQP4-tetramers or apoptotic GBM cells expressing orthogonal arrays of particles (AQP4-OAPs) were isolated, using a differential ultracentrifugation method, and were added to pre-seeded GBM cells. Confocal microscopy analysis was used to visualize the interaction and uptake of AQP4-containing EVs by recipient cells. Chemoinvasion and Caspase3/7 activation assay, performed on recipient cells after EVs uptake, revealed that EVs produced by AQP4-tetramers expressing cells were able to drive surrounding tumour cells toward the migratory phenotype, whereas EVs produced by AQP4-OAPs expressing cells drive them toward the apoptosis pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the different GBM cell phenotypes can be transferred by AQP4-containing EVs able to influence tumour cell fate toward invasiveness or apoptosis. This study opens a new perspective on the role of AQP4 in the brain tumour microenvironment associated with the EV-dependent communication mechanism. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00888-2.
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Lee D, Lee PCW, Hong JH, Shin DM. Estrogen treatment reduced oxalate transporting activity and enhanced migration through the involvement of SLC26A6 in lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Binlateh T, Uppatcha N, Thepchai J, Pleungtuk Y, Noisa P, Hutamekalin P, Jitprasertwong P. Cordycepin attenuates migration and invasion of HSC-4 oral squamous carcinoma cells through autophagy-dependent FAK/Akt and MMP2/MMP9 suppression. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1677-1688. [PMID: 36299321 PMCID: PMC9588793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Déry L, Charest G, Guérin B, Akbari M, Fortin D. Chemoattraction of Neoplastic Glial Cells with CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL11 as a Paradigm for a Promising Therapeutic Approach for Primary Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212150. [PMID: 34830041 PMCID: PMC8626037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoattraction is a normal and essential process, but it can also be involved in tumorigenesis. This phenomenon plays a key role in glioblastoma (GBM). The GBM tumor cells are extremely difficult to eradicate, due to their strong capacity to migrate into the brain parenchyma. Consequently, a complete resection of the tumor is rarely a possibility, and recurrence is inevitable. To overcome this problem, we proposed to exploit this behavior by using three chemoattractants: CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL11, released by a biodegradable hydrogel (GlioGel) to produce a migration of tumor cells toward a therapeutic trap. To investigate this hypothesis, the agarose drop assay was used to test the chemoattraction capacity of these three chemokines on murine F98 and human U87MG cell lines. We then studied the potency of this approach in vivo in the well-established syngeneic F98-Fischer glioma-bearing rat model using GlioGel containing different mixtures of the chemoattractants. In vitro assays resulted in an invasive cell rate 2-fold higher when chemokines were present in the environment. In vivo experiments demonstrated the capacity of these specific chemoattractants to strongly attract neoplastic glioblastoma cells. The use of this strong locomotion ability to our end is a promising avenue in the establishment of a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of primary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Déry
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriel Charest
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (G.C.); (D.F.)
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - David Fortin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (G.C.); (D.F.)
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Sobierajska P, Nowak N, Rewak-Soroczynska J, Targonska S, Lewińska A, Grosman L, Wiglusz RJ. Investigation of topography effect on antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of nanohydroxyapatites activated with zinc and copper ions: In vitro study of colloids, hydrogel scaffolds and pellets. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Khongsti K, Pasupuleti BG, Das B, Bez G. 1,2,3-Triazole tethered 1,2,4‑trioxane trimer induces apoptosis in metastatic cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104952. [PMID: 33971565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) has been in use against different cancer cells and its derivatives and conjugates are more cytotoxic to iron-rich cancer cells. It is desirable to develop easily achievable synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes having the same pharmacophore as that of ART. To explore more efficient compounds, a 1,2,3-triazole tethered 1,2,4‑trioxane trimer (4T) was synthesized and the anti-cancer effects of ART and 4T on MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated concerning regulation of osteopontin (OPN) expression, which is associated with cancer progression and malignancy. 1H NMR and 13C NMR, oxidative stress analysis, flow cytometry, western blot, Real-Time PCR, transfections, luciferase assay, cell viability, proliferation, migration and chemotactic invasion assays were used in this study. It was observed that the 4T induced apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2 (~0.6-fold) and cleavage of caspase-3 (intrinsic pathway) in these metastatic cancer cells, and also reduced colony formation, migration and invasion of these cancer cells. The treatment of 4T decreased the reduced glutathione level and increased the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase in the 4T treated cancer cells as compared to their respective controls. Further, the expression of OPN was diminished (~0.5-fold) by the 4T in these cell lines. It was also observed that the key mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase1/2 (~1.8-fold) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (~16-fold), were also activated following the treatment of the 4T. However, the phosphorylated c-Jun level, a component of activator protein-1, was significantly reduced in these cancer cells upon 4T treatment. Taken together, we hypothesize that 4T may be useful for controlling cancer progression and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitboklang Khongsti
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | | | - Bidyadhar Das
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
| | - Ghanashyam Bez
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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Sinha S, Sharma S, Sharma A, Vora J, Shrivastava N. Sulforaphane-cisplatin combination inhibits the stemness and metastatic potential of TNBCs via down regulation of sirtuins-mediated EMT signaling axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153492. [PMID: 33640782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring organosulfur compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts and cabbage. SFN is known for its multiple therapeutic properties, such as HDAC inhibitory, chemo preventive and anti-cancer effects. Cisplatin (CIS) has limited effect against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Additionally, CIS impose severe side effects to normal cells, and later TNBC cells develops resistance. Studies suggest that the overexpression of sirtuins (SIRTs) promotes CIS resistance and metastasis by activating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway in TNBC. PURPOSE In view of the above information, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of SFN, in combination with CIS against TNBC metastasis and CIS resistance. METHODS The anti-cancerous effect of SFN-CIS combination on human TNBC cell lines was demonstrated by utilizing MTT assay and, apoptosis and cell cycle assay followed by FACS analysis. The synergistic effect of SFN-CIS combination on the experimental metastasis was demonstrated by utilizing migration, invasion, chemotaxis, mammosphere and colony formation assay on human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. The role of SIRTs-mediated EMT signaling axis in the metastasis and chemoresistance was investigated by western blotting technique as well as sirtuin activity tests. This was further validated by using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. RESULTS We found that SFN-CIS combination synergistically inhibits cellular growth of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. More importantly, SFN was found to protect normal kidney cells from CIS-induced toxicity. Further, SFN-CIS combination was found to synergistically inhibit metastatic-events via significantly altering EMT markers which was further associated with the suppression of SIRTs functions in TNBC cells. ChIP analysis validated that SFN-CIS combination suppresses EMT mechanism through altered chromatin modifications at E-cadherin promoter resulting in its re-expression. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggests that CIS when supplemented with SFN, inhibits metastasis and stemness potential of TNBC cells by down regulating SIRTs-mediated EMT cascade. Overall this study affirms that, this novel combination could be a promising strategy against SIRT-mediated TNBC metastasis and CIS-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Sinha
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India; Registered Ph.D. student at Department of Life science, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India; Registered Ph.D. student at Department of Life science, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhilasha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India; Registered Ph.D. student at Department of Life science, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaykant Vora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India; Registered Ph.D. student at Department of Life science, School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad 380054, Gujarat, India.
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HERC1 Regulates Breast Cancer Cells Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061309. [PMID: 33804079 PMCID: PMC8061768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer has the highest incidence and mortality in women worldwide, and, despite formidable advances in its prevention, detection, and treatment, the development of metastasis foci still represents a significant reduction in patients’ survival and life quality. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of protein balance, and its dysregulation has been associated with malignant transformation and tumor cells invasive potential. The objective of our work was focused on the identification of ubiquitination-related genes that could represent putative molecular targets for the treatment of breast cancer dissemination. For that purpose, we performed a genetic study and identified and validated HERC1 (HECT and RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Family Member 1) as a regulator of migration and invasion. We confirmed that its depletion reduces tumorigenicity and the appearance of metastasis foci and determined that HERC1 protein expression inversely correlates with breast cancer patients’ overall survival. Altogether, we demonstrate that HERC1 might represent a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. Abstract Tumor cell migration and invasion into adjacent tissues is one of the hallmarks of cancer and the first step towards secondary tumors formation, which represents the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This process is considered an unmet clinical need in the treatment of this disease, particularly in breast cancers characterized by high aggressiveness and metastatic potential. To identify and characterize genes with novel functions as regulators of tumor cell migration and invasion, we performed a genetic loss-of-function screen using a shRNA library directed against the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) in a highly invasive breast cancer derived cell line. Among the candidates, we validated HERC1 as a gene regulating cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, using animal models, our results indicate that HERC1 silencing affects primary tumor growth and lung colonization. Finally, we conducted an in silico analysis using publicly available protein expression data and observed an inverse correlation between HERC1 expression levels and breast cancer patients’ overall survival. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that HERC1 might represent a novel therapeutic target for the development or improvement of breast cancer treatment.
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Rossi FA, Enriqué Steinberg JH, Calvo Roitberg EH, Joshi MU, Pandey A, Abba MC, Dufrusine B, Buglioni S, De Laurenzi V, Sala G, Lattanzio R, Espinosa JM, Rossi M. USP19 modulates cancer cell migration and invasion and acts as a novel prognostic marker in patients with early breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:28. [PMID: 33714979 PMCID: PMC7956144 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell dissemination in cancer patients is associated with a significant reduction in their survival and quality of life. The ubiquitination pathway plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis both in normal and stressed conditions and its dysregulation has been associated with malignant transformation and invasive potential of tumor cells, thus highlighting its value as a potential therapeutic target. In order to identify novel molecular targets of tumor cell migration and invasion we performed a genetic screen with an shRNA library against ubiquitination pathway-related genes. To this end, we set up a protocol to specifically enrich positive migration regulator candidates. We identified the deubiquitinase USP19 and demonstrated that its silencing reduces the migratory and invasive potential of highly invasive breast cancer cell lines. We extended our investigation in vivo and confirmed that mice injected with USP19 depleted cells display increased tumor-free survival, as well as a delay in the onset of the tumor formation and a significant reduction in the appearance of metastatic foci, indicating that tumor cell invasion and dissemination is impaired. In contrast, overexpression of USP19 increased cell invasiveness both in vitro and in vivo, further validating our findings. More importantly, we demonstrated that USP19 catalytic activity is important for the control of tumor cell migration and invasion, and that its molecular mechanism of action involves LRP6, a Wnt co-receptor. Finally, we showed that USP19 overexpression is a surrogate prognostic marker of distant relapse in patients with early breast cancer. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that USP19 might represent a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Alejandra Rossi
- grid.412850.a0000 0004 0489 7281Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) - CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Haydeé Enriqué Steinberg
- grid.412850.a0000 0004 0489 7281Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) - CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Hernán Calvo Roitberg
- grid.412850.a0000 0004 0489 7281Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) - CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Molishree Umesh Joshi
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XFunctional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- grid.1055.10000000403978434Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Martin Carlos Abba
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas – Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Joaquín Maximiliano Espinosa
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XFunctional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XLinda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Mario Rossi
- grid.412850.a0000 0004 0489 7281Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT) - CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires Argentina
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Hwang S, Lee PCW, Shin DM, Hong JH. Modulated Start-Up Mode of Cancer Cell Migration Through Spinophilin-Tubular Networks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652791. [PMID: 33768098 PMCID: PMC7985070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinophilin (SPL) is a multifunctional actin-binding scaffolding protein. Although increased research on SPL in cancer biology has revealed a tumor suppressive role, its modulation in cancer biology, and oncological relevance remains elusive. Thus, we determined the role of SPL in the modulation of the junctional network and cellular migration in A549 lung cancer cell line. Knockdown of SPL promoted cancer cell invasion in agarose spot and scratch wound assays. Attenuation of SPL expression also enhanced invadopodia, as revealed by enhanced vinculin spots, and enhanced sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBC activity without enhancing membranous expression of NBCn1. Disruption of the tubular structure with nocodazole treatment revealed enhanced SPL expression and reduced NBC activity and A549 migration. SPL-mediated junctional modulation and tubular stability affected bicarbonate transporter activity in A549 cells. The junctional modulatory function of SPL in start-up migration, such as remodeling of tight junctions, enhanced invadopodia, and increased NBC activity, revealed here would support fundamental research and the development of an initial target against lung cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea
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Bhat S, Kabekkodu SP, Adiga D, Fernandes R, Shukla V, Bhandari P, Pandey D, Sharan K, Satyamoorthy K. ZNF471 modulates EMT and functions as methylation regulated tumor suppressor with diagnostic and prognostic significance in cervical cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:731-749. [PMID: 33566221 PMCID: PMC8490246 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets for therapy remain to be fully understood. We investigated the epigenetic regulation, biological functions, and clinical utility of zinc-finger protein 471 (ZNF471) in CC. Analysis of cervical tissues and five independent public datasets of CC showed significant hypermethylation of the ZNF471 gene promoter. In CC cell lines, promoter DNA methylation was inversely correlated with ZNF471 expression. The sensitivity and specificity of the ZNF471 hypermethylation for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) vs tumor and normal vs tumor was above 85% with AUC of 0.937. High methylation and low ZNF471 expression predicted poor overall and recurrence-free survival. We identified -686 to +114 bp as ZNF471 promoter, regulated by methylation using transient transfection and luciferase assays. The promoter CpG site methylation of ZNF471 was significantly different among cancer types and tumor grades. Gal4-based heterologous luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that ZNF471 acts as a transcriptional repressor. The retroviral mediated overexpression of ZNF471 in SiHa and CaSki cells inhibited growth, proliferation, cell migration, invasion; delayed cell cycle progression in vitro by increasing cell doubling time; and reduced tumor growth in vivo in nude mice. ZNF471 overexpression inhibited key members of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. ZNF471 inhibited EMT by directly targeting vimentin as analyzed by bioinformatic analysis, ChIP-PCR, and western blotting. Thus, ZNF471 CpG specific promoter methylation may determine the prognosis of CC and could function as a potential tumor suppressor by targeting EMT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha Bhat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rayzel Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Poonam Bhandari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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18
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Khongsti K, Das KB, Das B. MAPK pathway and SIRT1 are involved in the down-regulation of secreted osteopontin expression by genistein in metastatic cancer cells. Life Sci 2020; 265:118787. [PMID: 33249095 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The regulation of secreted osteopontin (OPN) expression by genistein and its functional sequel in the metastatic cancer cells (MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231) was ascertained. MAIN METHODS Western blot and Real-Time PCR were used to analyse the proteins and mRNA transcripts, respectively. Possible transcriptional regulation of secreted OPN was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, bioinformatics analysis, transfection and luciferase reporter assay. The specific siRNAs and constitutive p-ERKs were used to evaluate the role of the MAPK pathway. The functional sequel of genistein in these cells was analyzed by colony formation-, migration- and invasion- assay. KEY FINDINGS Secreted OPN expression was inhibited (up to ~0.7-fold) by genistein in these cells. Genistein (50 μM) displayed a reduction in the aggressiveness of these cells concerning colony formation rate, migration, and invasion. The p-ERK½ was increased by ~2.5-fold and ~1.5-fold upon 50 μM genistein and 15 μM resveratrol treatments at 24 h, respectively. Knockdown of ERK½ and PD98059, the inhibitor of MEK, promoted secreted OPN expression in vitro in these cells; while, the transfection of the constitutive active ERK2 (L73P and S151D) decreased the secreted OPN expression. Further, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) expression in the cells was increased (~1.6-fold) upon genistein treatment (50 μM) likewise with resveratrol (~1.5-fold), an activator for SIRT1. Knockdown of SIRT1 increased OPN mRNA transcripts expression level and secreted OPN protein level in these cells. SIGNIFICANCE MAPK pathway and SIRT1 activation are involved in the regulation of secreted OPN by genistein in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitboklang Khongsti
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | | | - Bidyadhar Das
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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Chrysin Inhibits NF-κB-Dependent CCL5 Transcription by Targeting IκB Kinase in the Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammatory Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197348. [PMID: 33027922 PMCID: PMC7583951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural polyphenolic compound that induces an anti-inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the chrysin-induced suppression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) gene expression in atopic dermatitis (AD)-like inflammatory microenvironment. We showed that chrysin inhibited CCL5 expression at the transcriptional level through the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the inflammatory environment. Chrysin could bind to the ATP-binding pocket of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) and, subsequently, prevent IκB degradation and NF-κB activation. The clinical efficacy of chrysin in targeting IKK was evaluated in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced skin lesions in BALB/c mice. Our results suggested that chrysin prevented CCL5 expression by targeting IKK to reduce the infiltration of mast cells to the inflammatory sites and at least partially attenuate the inflammatory responses. These findings suggested that chrysin might be useful as a platform for the design and synthesis of small-molecule IKK-targeting drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as AD.
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Buonfiglioli A, Efe IE, Guneykaya D, Ivanov A, Huang Y, Orlowski E, Krüger C, Deisz RA, Markovic D, Flüh C, Newman AG, Schneider UC, Beule D, Wolf SA, Dzaye O, Gutmann DH, Semtner M, Kettenmann H, Lehnardt S. let-7 MicroRNAs Regulate Microglial Function and Suppress Glioma Growth through Toll-Like Receptor 7. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3460-3471.e7. [PMID: 31825829 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that sense pathogen- and host-derived factors, including single-stranded RNA. In the brain, let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family members are abundantly expressed, and some have recently been shown to serve as TLR7 ligands. We investigated whether let-7 miRNA family members differentially control microglia biology in health and disease. We found that a subset of let-7 miRNA family members function as signaling molecules to induce microglial release of inflammatory cytokines, modulate antigen presentation, and attenuate cell migration in a TLR7-dependent manner. The capability of the let-7 miRNAs to control microglial function is sequence specific, mapping to a let-7 UUGU motif. In human and murine glioblastoma/glioma, let-7 miRNAs are differentially expressed and reduce murine GL261 glioma growth in the same sequence-specific fashion through microglial TLR7. Taken together, these data establish let-7 miRNAs as key TLR7 signaling activators that serve to regulate the diverse functions of microglia in health and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buonfiglioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibrahim E Efe
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Orlowski
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Krüger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Deisz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darko Markovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinics, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrew G Newman
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf C Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Ifuku M, Hinkelmann L, Kuhrt LD, Efe IE, Kumbol V, Buonfiglioli A, Krüger C, Jordan P, Fulde M, Noda M, Kettenmann H, Lehnardt S. Activation of Toll-like receptor 5 in microglia modulates their function and triggers neuronal injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:159. [PMID: 32912327 PMCID: PMC7488138 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary immune-competent cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and sense both pathogen- and host-derived factors through several receptor systems including the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Although TLR5 has previously been implicated in different CNS disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, its mode of action in the brain remained largely unexplored. We sought to determine the expression and functional consequences of TLR5 activation in the CNS. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that microglia is the major CNS cell type that constitutively expresses TLR5. Using Tlr5−/− mice and inhibitory TLR5 antibody we found that activation of TLR5 in microglial cells by its agonist flagellin, a principal protein component of bacterial flagella, triggers their release of distinct inflammatory molecules, regulates chemotaxis, and increases their phagocytic activity. Furthermore, while TLR5 activation does not affect tumor growth in an ex vivo GL261 glioma mouse model, it triggers microglial accumulation and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex in vivo. TLR5-mediated microglial function involves the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, as specific inhibitors of this signaling pathway abolish microglial activation. Taken together, our findings establish TLR5 as a modulator of microglial function and indicate its contribution to inflammatory and injurious processes in the CNS.
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Nam TS, Park DR, Rah SY, Woo TG, Chung HT, Brenner C, Kim UH. Interleukin-8 drives CD38 to form NAADP from NADP + and NAAD in the endolysosomes to mobilize Ca 2+ and effect cell migration. FASEB J 2020; 34:12565-12576. [PMID: 32717131 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001249r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger whose formation has remained elusive. In vitro, CD38-mediated NAADP synthesis requires an acidic pH and a nonphysiological concentration of nicotinic acid (NA). We discovered that CD38 catalyzes synthesis of NAADP by exchanging the nicotinamide moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+ ) for the NA group of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) inside endolysosomes of interleukin 8 (IL8)-treated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Upon IL8 stimulation, cytosolic NADP+ is transported to acidified endolysosomes via connexin 43 (Cx43) and gated by cAMP-EPAC-RAP1-PP2A signaling. CD38 then performs a base-exchange reaction with the donor NA group deriving from NAAD, produced by newly described endolysosomal activities of NA phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) and NMN adenyltransferase (NMNAT) 3. Thus, the membrane organization of endolysosomal CD38, a signal-mediated transport system for NADP+ and luminal NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes integrate signals from a chemokine and cAMP to specify the spatiotemporal mobilization of Ca2+ to drive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sik Nam
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Woo
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Hwang S, Shin DM, Hong JH. Protective Role of IRBIT on Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter-n1 for Migratory Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090816. [PMID: 32867284 PMCID: PMC7558343 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IP3 receptor-binding protein released with IP3 (IRBIT) interacts with various ion channels and transporters. An electroneutral type of sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, NBCn1, participates in cell migration, and its enhanced expression is related to cancer metastasis. The effect of IRBIT on NBCn1 and its relation to cancer cell migration remain obscure. We therefore aimed to determine the effect of IRBIT on NBCn1 and the regulation of cancer cell migration due to IRBIT-induced alterations in NBCn1 activity. Overexpression of IRBIT enhanced cancer cell migration and NBC activity. Knockdown of IRBIT or NBCn1 and treatment with an NBC-specific inhibitor, S0859, attenuated cell migration. Stimulation with oncogenic epidermal growth factor enhanced the expression of NBCn1 and migration of cancer cells by recruiting IRBIT. The recruited IRBIT stably maintained the expression of the NBCn1 transporter machinery in the plasma membrane. Combined inhibition of IRBIT and NBCn1 dramatically inhibited the migration of cancer cells. Combined modulation of IRBIT and NBCn1 offers an effective strategy for attenuating cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.M.S.); (J.H.H.); Tel.: +82-22-228-3051 (D.M.S.); +82-32-899-6682 (J.H.H.); Fax: +82-23-64-1085 (D.M.S.); +82-32-899-6039 (J.H.H.)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.M.S.); (J.H.H.); Tel.: +82-22-228-3051 (D.M.S.); +82-32-899-6682 (J.H.H.); Fax: +82-23-64-1085 (D.M.S.); +82-32-899-6039 (J.H.H.)
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The VGF-derived Peptide TLQP21 Impairs Purinergic Control of Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis in Mouse Microglia. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3320-3331. [PMID: 32060170 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1458-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are considered as sensors of brain pathology by detecting any sign of brain lesions, infections, or dysfunction and can influence the onset and progression of neurological diseases. They are capable of sensing their neuronal environment via many different signaling molecules, such as neurotransmitters, neurohormones and neuropeptides. The neuropeptide VGF has been associated with many metabolic and neurological disorders. TLQP21 is a VGF-derived peptide and has been shown to signal via C3aR1 and C1qBP receptors. The effect of TLQP21 on microglial functions in health or disease is not known. Studying microglial cells in acute brain slices, we found that TLQP21 impaired metabotropic purinergic signaling. Specifically, it attenuated the ATP-induced activation of a K+ conductance, the UDP-stimulated phagocytic activity, and the ATP-dependent laser lesion-induced process outgrowth. These impairments were reversed by blocking C1qBP, but not C3aR1 receptors. While microglia in brain slices from male mice lack C3aR1 receptors, both receptors are expressed in primary cultured microglia. In addition to the negative impact on purinergic signaling, we found stimulating effects of TLQP21 in cultured microglia, which were mediated by C3aR1 receptors: it directly evoked membrane currents, stimulated basal phagocytic activity, evoked intracellular Ca2+ transient elevations, and served as a chemotactic signal. We conclude that TLQP21 has differential effects on microglia depending on C3aR1 activation or C1qBP-dependent attenuation of purinergic signaling. Thus, TLQP21 can modulate the functional phenotype of microglia, which may have an impact on their function in health and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neuropeptide VGF and its peptides have been associated with many metabolic and neurological disorders. TLQP21 is a VGF-derived peptide that activates C1qBP receptors, which are expressed by microglia. We show here, for the first time, that TLQP21 impairs P2Y-mediated purinergic signaling and related functions. These include modulation of phagocytic activity and responses to injury. As purinergic signaling is central for microglial actions in the brain, this TLQP21-mediated mechanism might regulate microglial activity in health and disease. We furthermore show that, in addition to C1qBP, functional C3aR1 responses contribute to TLQP21 action on microglia. However, C3aR1 responses were only present in primary cultures but not in situ, suggesting that the expression of these receptors might vary between different microglial activation states.
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Haage V, Elmadany N, Roll L, Faissner A, Gutmann DH, Semtner M, Kettenmann H. Tenascin C regulates multiple microglial functions involving TLR4 signaling and HDAC1. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:470-483. [PMID: 31271872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, expressed in the CNS during development, as well as in the setting of inflammation, fibrosis and cancer, which operates as an activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Although TLR4 is highly expressed in microglia, the effect of Tnc on microglia has not been elucidated to date. Herein, we demonstrate that Tnc regulates microglial phagocytic activity at an early postnatal age (P4), and that this process is partially dependent on microglial TLR4 expression. We further show that Tnc regulates proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, chemotaxis and phagocytosis in primary microglia in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Moreover, Tnc induces histone-deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in microglia, such that HDAC1 inhibition by MS-275 decreases Tnc-induced microglial IL-6 and TNF-α production. Finally, Tnc-/- cortical microglia have reduced HDAC1 expression levels at P4. Taken together, these findings establish Tnc as a regulator of microglia function during early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Haage
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Nirmeen Elmadany
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Lars Roll
- Zellmorphologie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wastfalen 44801, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Zellmorphologie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wastfalen 44801, Germany
| | - David H Gutmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
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Drug Repurposing as an Antitumor Agent: Disulfiram-Mediated Carbonic Anhydrase 12 and Anion Exchanger 2 Modulation to Inhibit Cancer Cell Migration. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183409. [PMID: 31546841 PMCID: PMC6767608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram has been used in the treatment of alcoholism and exhibits an anti-tumor effect. However, the intracellular mechanism of anti-tumor activity of Disulfiram remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the modulatory role of Disulfiram via oncogenic factor carbonic anhydrase CA12 and its associated transporter anion exchanger AE2 in lung cancer cell line A549. The surface expression of CA12 and AE2 were decreased by Disulfiram treatment with a time-dependent manner. Disulfiram treatment did not alter the expression of Na+-bicarbonate cotransporters, nor did it affect autophagy regulation. The chloride bicarbonate exchanger activity of A549 cells was reduced by Disulfiram treatment in a time-dependent manner without change in the resting pH level. The expression and activity of AE2 and the expression of CA12 were also reduced by Disulfiram treatment in the breast cancer cell line. An invasion assay and cell migration assay revealed that Disulfiram attenuated the invasion and migration of A549 cells. In conclusion, the attenuation of AE2 and its supportive enzyme CA12, and the inhibitory effect on cell migration by Disulfiram treatment in cancer cells provided the molecular evidence supporting the potential of Disulfiram as an anticancer agent.
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Kalaiselvi Sivalingam NN, Seepoo AM, Gani T, Selvam S, Azeez Sait SH. Zebrafish fin-derived fibroblast cell line: A model for in vitro wound healing. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:573-584. [PMID: 30762877 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a cell line from the caudal fin tissue of zebrafish and also its application as an in vitro model to study the effect of H2 O2 in wound healing. Fibroblastic cell line was developed using explant culture method from caudal fin tissue of zebrafish and characterized. This cell line was named as DrF cell line. The DrF cells treated with 0-10 µM/ml H2 O2 were tested for viability, proliferation and motility by MTT assay, trypan blue assay and chemotaxis assay, respectively. Among the different concentrations of H2 O2 , 4 µM was found to be nontoxic to study cell migration in in vitro scratch wound assay. Furthermore, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and chemokine receptor (CXCR4) genes was carried by qPCR. The cell survival, proliferation and migration were extremely enriched at 4 µM level of H2 O2 . We observed accelerated wound closure in DrF cells treated with H2 O2. The qPCR results indicated that H2 O2 markedly up-regulated mRNA expression of PCNA and CXCR4. The findings from our study suggest that H2 O2 at low levels promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration and wound healing in DrF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiga Nambi Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Abdul Majeed Seepoo
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Taju Gani
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Sivakumar Selvam
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Sahul Hameed Azeez Sait
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
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Aquino-Martínez R, Monroe DG, Ventura F. Calcium mimics the chemotactic effect of conditioned media and is an effective inducer of bone regeneration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210301. [PMID: 30608979 PMCID: PMC6319750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After bone resorption, ions and degraded organic components are co-released into the extracellular space. Ions and growth factors, although different in their biological nature, induce a common and coordinated chemotactic effect. Conditioned media has been used successfully in bone regeneration by promoting endogenous cell recruitment. Likewise, calcium alone act as a paracrine chemotactic signal, inducing the host’s undifferentiated progenitor cell infiltration into the implanted biomaterials. The aim of the present study was to compare the chemotactic effect of calcium and conditioned media in primary calvarial cells. Methods The chemotactic cell response was evaluated in vitro using an agarose spot and a wound healing assay. In addition, we used a calvarial bone explant model ex-vivo. The healing potential was also tested through an in vivo model, a critical-size calvarial bone defect in mice. For the in vivo experiment, cell-free calcium-containing or conditioned media-containing scaffolds were implanted, and MSC’s seeded scaffolds were used as positive control. After seven weeks post-implantation, samples were retrieved, and bone regeneration was evaluated by μCT and histological analysis. Osteogenic gene expression was evaluated by qPCR. Results We found that chemotactic cell migration in response to either calcium or conditioned media was equivalent in vitro and ex vivo. Accordingly, μCT analysis showed that bone regeneration induced by the MSC’s seeded scaffolds was similar to that obtained with cell-free calcium or conditioned media-containing scaffolds. Pre-treatment with SB202190, a highly selective p38 inhibitor, abrogated the chemotactic effect induced by conditioned media. In contrast, p38 activity was not essential for the calcium-induced chemotaxis. Moreover, BAPTA-AM treatment, a cytosolic calcium chelator, decreased the chemotactic effect and the expression of key osteogenic genes induced by calcium or conditioned media. Conclusion We show that calcium ions alone not only mimic the conditioned media chemotactic effect, but also induce an osteogenic effect similar to that produced by transplanted MSC’s in vivo. Furthermore, the chemotactic effect induced by conditioned media is calcium and p38 dependent. The rise in cytosolic calcium might integrate the different signaling pathways triggered by conditioned media and extracellular Ca2+. This calcium-driven in situ bone regeneration is a promising and convenient alternative to promote endogenous cell recruitment into the injured bone site. This pre-clinical cell-free and growth factor-free approach might avoid the disadvantages of the ex vivo cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Aquino-Martínez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - David G. Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Brahm K, Wack JS, Eckes S, Engemann V, Schmitz K. Macrocyclization enhances affinity of chemokine‐binding peptoids. Biopolymers 2018; 110:e23244. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brahm
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Julia S. Wack
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Stefanie Eckes
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Victoria Engemann
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Clemens‐Schöpf‐Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
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30
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Park DR, Nam TS, Kim YW, Bae YS, Kim UH. Oxidative activation of type III CD38 by NADPH oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide in Ca 2+ signaling. FASEB J 2018; 33:3404-3419. [PMID: 30452880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (Nox) has been shown to activate ADP-ribosyl cyclase (ARC), which produces the Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). In the present study, we examined how ROS activates cluster of differentiation (CD)38, a mammalian prototype of ARC. CD38 exists in type II and III forms with opposing membrane orientation. This study showed the coexpression of type II and III CD38 in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The catalytic site of the constitutively active type II CD38 faces the outside of the cell or the inside of early endosomes (EEs), whereas the basally inactive type III CD38 faces the cytosol. Type III CD38 interacted with Nox4/phosphorylated-p22phox (p-p22phox) in EEs of LAK cells upon IL-8 treatment. H2O2 derived from Nox4 activated type III CD38 by forming a disulfide bond between Cys164 and Cys177, resulting in increased cADPR formation. Our study identified the mechanism by which type III CD38 is activated in an immune cell (LAK), in which H2O2 generated by Nox4 oxidizes and activates type III CD38 to generate cADPR. These findings provide a novel model of cross-talk between ROS and Ca2+ signaling.-Park, D.-R., Nam, T.-S., Kim, Y.-W., Bae, Y. S., Kim, U.-H. Oxidative activation of type III CD38 by NADPH oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide in Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ye-Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; and
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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31
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McNair K, Forrest CM, Vincenten MCJ, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Serine protease modulation of Dependence Receptors and EMT protein expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:349-367. [PMID: 30403907 PMCID: PMC6370372 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tumour suppressor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and the related protein neogenin is reduced by the mammalian serine protease chymotrypsin or the bacterial serine protease subtilisin, with increased cell migration. The present work examines whether these actions are associated with changes in the expression of cadherins, β-catenin and vimentin, established markers of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which has been linked with cell migration and tumour metastasis. The results confirm the depletion of DCC and neogenin and show that chymotrypsin and subtilisin also reduce expression of β-catenin in acutely prepared tissue sections but not in human mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in normal media, or primary normal human breast cells. A loss of β-catenin was also seen in low serum media but transfecting cells with a dcc-containing plasmid induced resistance. E-cadherin was not consistently affected but vimentin was induced by low serum-containing media and was increased by serine proteases in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in parallel with increased wound closure. Vimentin might contribute to the promotion of cell migration. The results suggest that changes in EMT proteins depend on the cells or tissues concerned and do not parallel the expression of DCC and neogenin. The increased cell migration induced by serine proteases is not consistently associated with the expression of the EMT proteins implying either that the increased migration may be independent of EMT or supporting the view that EMT is not itself consistently related to migration. (241).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara McNair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline M. Forrest
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria C. J. Vincenten
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Trevor W. Stone
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
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Calle A, Barrajón-Masa C, Gómez-Fidalgo E, Martín-Lluch M, Cruz-Vigo P, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ramírez MÁ. Iberian pig mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from dermal skin, abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissues, and peripheral blood: in vitro characterization and migratory properties in inflammation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:178. [PMID: 29973295 PMCID: PMC6032775 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) to migrate into damaged tissues has been reported. For MSCs to be a promising tool for tissue engineering and cell and gene therapy, it is essential to know their migration ability according to their tissue of origin. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating porcine MSC chemotaxis. The aim of this study was to examine the migratory properties in an inflammatory environment of porcine MSC lines from different tissue origins: subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCA-MSCs), abdominal adipose tissue (AA-MSCs), dermal skin tissue (DS-MSCs) and peripheral blood (PB-MSCs). Methods SCA-MSCs, AA-MSCs, DS-MSCs and PB-MSCs were isolated and analyzed in terms of morphological features, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of cell surface and intracellular markers of pluripotency, proliferation, in vitro chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities, as well as their ability to migrate in response to inflammatory cytokines. Results SCA-MSCs, AA-MSCs, DS-MSCs and PB-MSCs were isolated and showed plastic adhesion with a fibroblast-like morphology. All MSC lines were positive for CD44, CD105, CD90 and vimentin, characteristic markers of MSCs. The cytokeratin marker was also detected in DS-MSCs. No expression of MHCII or CD34 was detected in any of the four types of MSC. In terms of pluripotency features, all MSC lines expressed POU5F1 and showed alkaline phosphatase activity. SCA-MSCs had a higher growth rate compared to the rest of the cell lines, while the AA-MSC cell line had a longer population doubling time. All MSC lines cultured under adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic conditions showed differentiation capacity to the previously mentioned mesodermal lineages. All MSC lines showed migration ability in an agarose drop assay. DS-MSCs migrated greater distances than the rest of the cell lines both in nonstimulated conditions and in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. SCA-MSCs and DS-MSCs increased their migration capacity in the presence of IL-1β as compared to PBS control. Conclusions This study describes the isolation and characterization of porcine cell lines from different tissue origin, with clear MSC properties. We show for the first time a comparative study of the migration capacity induced by inflammatory mediators of porcine MSCs of different tissue origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Calle
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Barrajón-Masa
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Gómez-Fidalgo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Martín-Lluch
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Cruz-Vigo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Attraction and Compaction of Migratory Breast Cancer Cells by Bone Matrix Proteins through Tumor-Osteocyte Interactions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5420. [PMID: 29615735 PMCID: PMC5882940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site of metastasis from breast cancer. To understand the potential role of osteocytes in bone metastasis, we investigated tumor-osteocyte interactions using two cell lines derived from the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, primary breast cancer cells, and MLO-A5/MLO-Y4 osteocyte cells. When three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids were grown with osteocyte spheroids, tumor spheroids fused with osteocyte spheroids and shrank. This size reduction was also observed when tumor spheroids were exposed to conditioned medium isolated from osteocyte cells. Mass spectrometry-based analysis predicted that several bone matrix proteins (e.g., collagen, biglycan) in conditioned medium could be responsible for tumor shrinkage. The osteocyte-driven shrinkage was mimicked by type I collagen, the most abundant organic component in bone, but not by hydroxyapatite, a major inorganic component in bone. RNA and protein expression analysis revealed that tumor-osteocyte interactions downregulated Snail, a transcription factor involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An agarose bead assay showed that bone matrix proteins act as a tumor attractant. Collectively, the study herein demonstrates that osteocytes attract and compact migratory breast cancer cells through bone matrix proteins, suppress tumor migration, by Snail downregulation, and promote subsequent metastatic colonization.
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Loch C, Haeger JD, Pfarrer C. IFNτ mediates chemotaxis, motility, metabolism and CK18 downregulation in bovine trophoblast cells in vitro via STAT1 and MAPK42/44 signaling. Placenta 2018; 64:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mir-513a-3p contributes to the controlling of cellular migration processes in the A549 lung tumor cells by modulating integrin β-8 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:43-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Aquino-Martínez R, Angelo AP, Pujol FV. Calcium-containing scaffolds induce bone regeneration by regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and migration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:265. [PMID: 29145866 PMCID: PMC5689169 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoinduction and subsequent bone formation rely on efficient mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment. It is also known that migration is induced by gradients of growth factors and cytokines. Degradation of Ca2+-containing biomaterials mimics the bone remodeling compartment producing a localized calcium-rich osteoinductive microenvironment. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) on MSC migration. In addition, to evaluate the influence of CaSO4 on MSC differentiation and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Methods A circular calvarial bone defect (5 mm diameter) was created in the parietal bone of 35 Balb-C mice. We prepared and implanted a cell-free agarose/gelatin scaffold alone or in combination with different CaSO4 concentrations into the bone defects. After 7 weeks, we determined the new bone regenerated by micro-CT and histological analysis. In vitro, we evaluated the CaSO4 effects on MSC migration by both wound healing and agarose spot assays. Osteoblastic gene expression after BMP-2 and CaSO4 treatment was also evaluated by qPCR. Results CaSO4 increased MSC migration and bone formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Micro-CT analysis showed that the addition of CaSO4 significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to the scaffold alone. The histological evaluation confirmed an increased number of endogenous cells recruited into the cell-free CaSO4-containing scaffolds. Furthermore, MSC migration in vitro and active AKT levels were attenuated when CaSO4 and BMP-2 were in combination. Addition of LY294002 and Wortmannin abrogated the CaSO4 effects on MSC migration. Conclusions Specific CaSO4 concentrations induce bone regeneration of calvarial defects in part by acting on the host’s undifferentiated MSCs and promoting their migration. Progenitor cell recruitment is followed by a gradual increment in osteoblast gene expression. Moreover, CaSO4 regulates BMP-2-induced MSC migration by differentially activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Altogether, these results suggest that CaSO4 scaffolds could have potential applications for bone regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0713-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Aquino-Martínez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alcira P Angelo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura Pujol
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zhu Q, Mangukiya HB, Mashausi DS, Guo H, Negi H, Merugu SB, Wu Z, Li D. Anterior gradient 2 is induced in cutaneous wound and promotes wound healing through its adhesion domain. FEBS J 2017; 284:2856-2869. [PMID: 28665039 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2), a member of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, is both located in cytoplasm and secreted into extracellular matrix. The orthologs of AGR2 have been linked to limb regeneration in newt and wound healing in zebrafish. In mammals, AGR2 influences multiple cell signaling pathways in tumor formation and in normal cell functions related to new tissue formation like angiogenesis. However, the function of AGR2 in mammalian wound healing remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate AGR2 expression and its function during skin wound healing and the possible application of external AGR2 in cutaneous wound to accelerate the healing process. Our results showed that AGR2 expression was induced in the migrating epidermal tongue and hyperplastic epidermis after skin excision. Topical application of recombinant AGR2 significantly accelerated wound-healing process by increasing the migration of keratinocytes (Kera.) and the recruitment of fibroblasts (Fibro.) near the wounded area. External AGR2 also promoted the migration of Kera. and Fibro. in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The adhesion domain of AGR2 was required for the formation of focal adhesions in migrating Fibro., leading to the directional migration along AGR2 gradient. These results indicate that recombinant AGR2 accelerates skin wound healing through regulation of Kera. and Fibro. migration, thus demonstrating its potential utility as an alternative strategy of the therapeutics to accelerate the healing of acute or chronic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | | | | | - Hao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hema Negi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | | | - Zhenghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.,Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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From Blood to Lesioned Brain: An In Vitro Study on Migration Mechanisms of Human Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1478606. [PMID: 28698717 PMCID: PMC5494110 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1478606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies critically rely on selective cell migration toward pathological or injured areas. We previously demonstrated that human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs), derived from an adult olfactory lamina propria, migrate specifically toward an injured mouse hippocampus after transplantation in the cerebrospinal fluid and promote functional recoveries. However, the mechanisms controlling their recruitment and homing remain elusive. Using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and secretome analysis, we observed that OE-MSCs produce numerous proteins allowing them to cross the endothelial wall. Then, pan-genomic DNA microarrays identified signaling molecules that lesioned mouse hippocampus overexpressed. Among the most upregulated cytokines, both recombinant SPP1/osteopontin and CCL2/MCP-1 stimulate OE-MSC migration whereas only CCL2 exerts a chemotactic effect. Additionally, OE-MSCs express SPP1 receptors but not the CCL2 cognate receptor, suggesting a CCR2-independent pathway through other CCR receptors. These results confirm that OE-MSCs can be attracted by chemotactic cytokines overexpressed in inflamed areas and demonstrate that CCL2 is an important factor that could promote OE-MSC engraftment, suggesting improvement for future clinical trials.
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Determining whether observed eukaryotic cell migration indicates chemotactic responsiveness or random chemokinetic motion. J Theor Biol 2017; 425:103-112. [PMID: 28501636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis, the motion of cells directed by a gradient of chemoattractant molecules, guides cells in immune response, development, wound healing, and cancer. Unfortunately, this process is difficult to distinguish from chemokinesis, i.e., stimulated random cell motion. Chemotaxis is frequently inferred by determining how many cells cross a boundary in a chemotaxis assay, for example how many cells crawl into a chemoattractant-infused filter, or how many cells enter a defined region in an under-agarose assay or agarose spot assay. To mitigate possible ambiguity in whether motion observed in these assays is directed by the chemoattractant gradient or by chemokinesis, we developed a mathematical model to determine when such methods indeed indicate directed motion of cells. In contrast to previous analyses of chemotaxis assays, we report not just the gradients that arise in the assays but also resulting cell motion. We applied the model to data obtained from rigorous measurements and show, as examples, that MDA-MB-231 breast-cancer cells are at least 20 times less sensitive to gradients of EGF or CXCL12 than neutrophils are to formyl peptides; we then used this information to determine the extent to which gradient sensing increases the rate of boundary crossing relative to a random-motility control. Results show, for example, that in the filter assay, 2-4 times as many neutrophils pass through the filter when exposed to a gradient as when the gradient is absent. However, in the other combinations of cells and assays we considered, only 10-20% more cells are counted as having migrated in a directed, rather than random, motility condition. We also discuss the design of appropriate controls for these assays, which is difficult for the under-agarose and agarose spot assays. Moreover, although straightforward to perform with the filter assay, reliable controls are often not done. Consequently, we infer that chemotaxis is frequently over-reported, especially for cells like MDA-MB-231 cells, which move slowly and are relatively insensitive to gradients. Such results provide insights into the use of chemotaxis assays, particularly if one wants to acquire and analyze quantitative data.
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40
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Guo H, Zhu Q, Yu X, Merugu SB, Mangukiya HB, Smith N, Li Z, Zhang B, Negi H, Rong R, Cheng K, Wu Z, Li D. Tumor-secreted anterior gradient-2 binds to VEGF and FGF2 and enhances their activities by promoting their homodimerization. Oncogene 2017; 36:5098-5109. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ahmed M, Basheer HA, Ayuso JM, Ahmet D, Mazzini M, Patel R, Shnyder SD, Vinader V, Afarinkia K. Agarose Spot as a Comparative Method for in situ Analysis of Simultaneous Chemotactic Responses to Multiple Chemokines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1075. [PMID: 28432337 PMCID: PMC5430824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel protocol to quantitatively and simultaneously compare the chemotactic responses of cells towards different chemokines. In this protocol, droplets of agarose gel containing different chemokines are applied onto the surface of a Petri dish, and then immersed under culture medium in which cells are suspended. As chemokine molecules diffuse away from the spot, a transient chemoattractant gradient is established across the spots. Cells expressing the corresponding cognate chemokine receptors migrate against this gradient by crawling under the agarose spots towards their centre. We show that this migration is chemokine-specific; meaning that only cells that express the cognate chemokine cell surface receptor, migrate under the spot containing its corresponding chemokine ligand. Furthermore, we show that migration under the agarose spot can be modulated by selective small molecule antagonists present in the cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaned Ahmed
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Haneen A Basheer
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Group of Structural Mechanics and Material Modelling, Universidad Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, and The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Djevdet Ahmet
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Universitá Degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Roshan Patel
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Vinader
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Kamyar Afarinkia
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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Ifuku M, Buonfiglioli A, Jordan P, Lehnardt S, Kettenmann H. TLR2 controls random motility, while TLR7 regulates chemotaxis of microglial cells via distinct pathways. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 58:338-347. [PMID: 27554518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are the pathologic sensor of the brain, and any pathologic event triggers microglial activation, which involves migration of these cells to a lesion site. Employing different migration assays, we show that ligands for toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 stimulate random motility, while TLR7 ligands are chemoattractants. The subtype specificity of the TLR ligands was verified by using different TLR-deficient (TLRKO) mouse lines. PI3K and Rac inhibition impairs both TLR2- and TLR7-stimulated microglial migration. In contrast, Akt phosphorylation is only required for the TLR2-, but not for the TLR7-stimulated pathway. Interestingly, P2Y12 receptor signaling is involved in the TLR2 activation-induced microglial migration but not TLR7. Furthermore, TLR7 mRNA expression is down-regulated by TLR2 and TLR7 activation. We conclude that TLRs control the migratory behavior of microglia in a distinct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ifuku
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Buonfiglioli
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Jordan
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Patel DH, Sharma N. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on epithelial to mesenchymal transition in SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells defined by in vitro analysis on 3D collagen gels. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6445-6459. [PMID: 27799792 PMCID: PMC5077264 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s109253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the emerging concept of complementary and alternative medicine under the paucity of effective treatment for melanoma, we aimed to understand the effect of quercetin (Qu) on collagen I-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in melanoma cells. To investigate the effect of Qu in melanoma cells, we used multiple methods, including real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, migration assay, and wound healing assay. We found that EMT was altered by Qu in melanoma cells. Qu-treated cells exhibited decreased migration and invasion activities. Mechanistically, a high expression of epithelial markers and a decrease in the expression of mesenchymal markers were found to be associated with reversal of EMT in melanoma cells. Time-dependent apoptosis was observed in Qu-treated melanoma cells, which was further confirmed by the upregulation in the protein levels of Caspase 3, a proapoptotic marker. Thus, our findings suggest Qu as a promising dietary compound under the new complementary and alternative medicine category of therapeutic drugs in the chemoprevention of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhairya H Patel
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Gram - Lavale, Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Gram - Lavale, Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
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Forrest CM, McNair K, Vincenten MCJ, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Selective depletion of tumour suppressors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin by environmental and endogenous serine proteases: linking diet and cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:772. [PMID: 27716118 PMCID: PMC5054602 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The related tumour suppressor proteins Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin are absent or weakly expressed in many cancers, whereas their insertion into cells suppresses oncogenic behaviour. Serine proteases influence the initiation and progression of cancers although the mechanisms are unknown. METHODS The effects of environmental (bacterial subtilisin) and endogenous mammalian (chymotrypsin) serine proteases were examined on protein expression in fresh, normal tissue and human neuroblastoma and mammary adenocarcinoma lines. Cell proliferation and migration assays (chemoattraction and wound closure) were used to examine cell function. Cells lacking DCC were transfected with an ectopic dcc plasmid. RESULTS Subtilisin and chymotrypsin selectively depleted DCC and neogenin from cells at nanomolar concentrations without affecting related proteins. Cells showed reduced adherence and increased migration, but after washing they re-attached within 24 h, with recovery of protein expression. These effects are induced by chymotryptic activity as they are prevented by chymostatin and the soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor typical of many plant protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus subtilis, which secretes subtilisin is widely present in soil, the environment and the intestinal contents, while subtilisin itself is used in meat processing, animal feed probiotics and many household cleaning agents. With chymotrypsin present in chyme, blood and tissues, these proteases may contribute to cancer development by depleting DCC and neogenin. Blocking their activity by Bowman-Birk inhibitors may explain the protective effects of a plant diet. Our findings identify a potential non-genetic contribution to cancer cell behaviour which may explain both the association of processed meats and other factors with cancer incidence and the protection afforded by plant-rich diets, with significant implications for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Forrest
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kara McNair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria C J Vincenten
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Trevor W Stone
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Cast Tube Assay: A 3-D in vitro assay for visualization and quantification of horizontal chemotaxis and cellular invasion. Biotechniques 2016; 61:66-72. [PMID: 27528071 DOI: 10.2144/000114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed cell motility, as controlled by soluble factors, is crucial for many biological processes, including development, cancer progression, and wound healing. The use of directed cell motility also shows promise for applications in regenerative medicine such as therapeutic angiogenesis. Unfortunately, current in vitro 3-D migration and invasion models limit our understanding and application of these processes. Here, we present a novel and cost-effective 3-D chemotaxis assay for assessing the invasive response of cells to a chemoattractant extracellular matrix (ECM). Our system takes advantage of a custom-casting chamber to set two gels in contact with each other along a defined front, one containing a suitable chemoattractant and the other the cells. Rotation of the chamber allows easy visualization of invasion across the interface. The effectiveness of the assay was demonstrated by studying the invasion of both human dermal fibroblasts (FBs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Incorporation of bFGF resulted in significantly increased and directional invasion for both cell groups.
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Li F, Abuarab N, Sivaprasadarao A. Reciprocal regulation of actin cytoskeleton remodelling and cell migration by Ca2+ and Zn2+: role of TRPM2 channels. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2016-29. [PMID: 27068538 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental feature of tumour metastasis and angiogenesis. It is regulated by a variety of signalling molecules including H2O2 and Ca(2+) Here, we asked whether the H2O2-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) Ca(2+) channel serves as a molecular link between H2O2 and Ca(2+) H2O2-mediated activation of TRPM2 channels induced filopodia formation, loss of actin stress fibres and disassembly of focal adhesions, leading to increased migration of HeLa and prostate cancer (PC)-3 cells. Activation of TRPM2 channels, however, caused intracellular release of not only Ca(2+) but also of Zn(2+) Intriguingly, elevation of intracellular Zn(2+) faithfully reproduced all of the effects of H2O2, whereas Ca(2+) showed opposite effects. Interestingly, H2O2 caused increased trafficking of Zn(2+)-enriched lysosomes to the leading edge of migrating cells, presumably to impart polarisation of Zn(2+) location. Thus, our results indicate that a reciprocal interplay between Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) regulates actin remodelling and cell migration; they call for a revision of the current notion that implicates an exclusive role for Ca(2+) in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nada Abuarab
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asipu Sivaprasadarao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Kargl J, Andersen L, Hasenöhrl C, Feuersinger D, Stančić A, Fauland A, Magnes C, El-Heliebi A, Lax S, Uranitsch S, Haybaeck J, Heinemann A, Schicho R. GPR55 promotes migration and adhesion of colon cancer cells indicating a role in metastasis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:142-54. [PMID: 26436760 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumour cell migration and adhesion constitute essential features of metastasis. G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a lysophospholipid receptor, has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the involvement of GPR55 in migration and metastasis of colon cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adhesion and migration assays using the highly metastatic colon cancer cell line HCT116 and an in vivo assay of liver metastasis were performed. The GPR55 antagonist CID16020046, cannabidiol, a putative GPR55 antagonist and GPR55 siRNA were used to block GPR55 activity in HCT116 colon cancer cells. KEY RESULTS HCT116 cells showed a significant decrease in adhesion to endothelial cells and in migration after blockade with CID16020046 or cannabidiol. The inhibitory effects of CID16020046 or cannabidiol were averted by GPR55 siRNA knock down in cancer cells. The integrity of endothelial cell monolayers was increased after pretreatment of HCT116 cells with the antagonists or after GPR55 siRNA knockdown while pretreatment with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), the endogenous ligand of GPR55, decreased integrity of the monolayers. LPI also induced migration in GPR55 overexpressing HCT116 cells that was blocked by GPR55 antagonists. In a mouse model of metastasis, the arrest of HCT116 cancer cells in the liver was reduced after treatment with CID16020046 or cannabidiol. Increased levels of LPI (18:0) were found in colon cancer patients when compared with healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GPR55 is involved in the migratory behaviour of colon carcinoma cells and may serve as a pharmacological target for the prevention of metastasis. © 2015 The British Pharmacological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kargl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L Andersen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Hasenöhrl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Feuersinger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Stančić
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Fauland
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Graz, Austria
| | - C Magnes
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Graz, Austria
| | - A El-Heliebi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz West, Graz, Austria
| | - S Uranitsch
- Department of Surgery, St John of God Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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48
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Qin S, Clark RAF, Rafailovich MH. Establishing correlations in the en-mass migration of dermal fibroblasts on oriented fibrillar scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2015; 25:230-9. [PMID: 26117312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing proceeds via fibroblast migration along three dimensional fibrillar substrates with multiple angles between fibers. We have developed a technique for preparation of three dimensional fibrillar scaffolds with where the fiber diameters and the angles between adjacent fiber layers could be precisely controlled. Using the agarose droplet method we were able to make accurate determinations of the dependence of the migration speed, focal adhesion distribution, and nuclear deformation on the fiber diameter, fiber spacing, and angle between adjacent fiber layers. We found that on oriented single fiber layers, whose diameters exceeded 1 μm, large focal adhesion complexes formed in a linear arrangement along the fiber axis and cell motion was highly correlated. On multi layered scaffolds most of the focal adhesion sites reformed at the junction points and the migration speed was determined by the angle between adjacent fiber layers, which followed a parabolic function with a minimum at 30°. On these surfaces we observed a 25% increase in the number of focal adhesion points and a similar decrease in the degree of nuclear deformation, both phenomena associated with decreased mobility. These results underscore the importance of substrate morphology on the en-mass migration dynamics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE En-mass fibroblast migration is an essential component of the wound healing process which can determine rate and scar formation. Yet, most publications on this topic have focused on single cell functions. Here we describe a new apparatus where we designed three dimensional fibrillar scaffolds with well controlled angles between junction points and highly oriented fiber geometries. We show that the motion of fibroblasts undergoing en-mass migration on these scaffolds can be controlled by the substrate topography. Significant differences in cell morphology and focal adhesions was found to exist between cells migrating on flat versus fibrillar scaffolds where the migration speed was found to be a function of the angle between fibers, the fiber diameter, and the distance between fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Materials Sciences and Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam H Rafailovich
- Materials Sciences and Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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49
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Sathyamoorthy T, Tezera LB, Walker NF, Brilha S, Saraiva L, Mauri FA, Wilkinson RJ, Friedland JS, Elkington PT. Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates Monocyte Migration and Collagen Destruction in Tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:882-91. [PMID: 26091717 PMCID: PMC4505956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global pandemic and drug resistance is rising. Multicellular granuloma formation is the pathological hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) is a collagenase that is key in leukocyte migration and collagen destruction. In patients with TB, induced sputum MT1-MMP mRNA levels were increased 5.1-fold compared with matched controls and correlated positively with extent of lung infiltration on chest radiographs (r = 0.483; p < 0.05). M. tuberculosis infection of primary human monocytes increased MT1-MMP surface expression 31.7-fold and gene expression 24.5-fold. M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes degraded collagen matrix in an MT1-MMP-dependent manner, and MT1-MMP neutralization decreased collagen degradation by 73%. In human TB granulomas, MT1-MMP immunoreactivity was observed in macrophages throughout the granuloma. Monocyte-monocyte networks caused a 17.5-fold increase in MT1-MMP surface expression dependent on p38 MAPK and G protein-coupled receptor-dependent signaling. Monocytes migrating toward agarose beads impregnated with conditioned media from M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes expressed MT1-MMP. Neutralization of MT1-MMP activity decreased this M. tuberculosis network-dependent monocyte migration by 44%. Taken together, we demonstrate that MT1-MMP is central to two key elements of TB pathogenesis, causing collagen degradation and regulating monocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liku B Tezera
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sara Brilha
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Saraiva
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco A Mauri
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jon S Friedland
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Elkington
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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50
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Gunjal PM, Schneider G, Ismail AA, Kakar SS, Kucia M, Ratajczak MZ. Evidence for induction of a tumor metastasis-receptive microenvironment for ovarian cancer cells in bone marrow and other organs as an unwanted and underestimated side effect of chemotherapy/radiotherapy. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:20. [PMID: 25887079 PMCID: PMC4425926 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the induction of several factors in various tissues and organs that create a pro-metastatic microenvironment for cancer cells that survive initial treatment. Methods In the present study, we employed human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and immunodeficient mice xenogrfat model to test effect of both ibuprofen and dexamethasone to ameliorate the therapy-induced pro-metastatic microenvironment in bone marrow, liver, and lung. Results In our studies, we found that total body irradiation or administration of cisplatin increases the metastatic spread of human ovarian cancer cells transplanted into immunodeficient mice compared with animals unexposed to irradiation or cisplatin. Moreover, conditioned media harvested from irradiated murine bone marrow, lung, and liver chemoattracted human ovarian cancer cells, and this chemotactic activity was inactivated by heat, suggesting a major involvement of peptide or peptide-bound chemoattractants. We also observed that human ovarian cancer cells proliferate better if exposed to cell debris harvested from irradiated murine bone marrow. Finally, the pro-metastatic microenvironment in mice induced by radio- or chemotherapy was significantly ameliorated if animals were treated at the time of radiotherapy administration with non-steroid (ibuprofen) or steroid (prednisone) anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusions In summary, we propose that a radiochemotherapy-induced, pro-metastatic microenvironment plays an important role in the metastasis of cancer cells that are resistant to treatment. Such cells have characteristics of cancer stem cells and are highly migratory, and simple, intensive, anti-inflammatory treatment by non-steroid agents to suppress induction of pro-metastatic factors after radiochemotherapy would be an interesting anti-metastatic treatment alternative. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-015-0141-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranesh M Gunjal
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Gabriela Schneider
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Ahmed Abdelbaset Ismail
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Magda Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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