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Semmler F, Regis Belisário-Ferrari M, Kulosa M, Kaysser L. The Metabolic Potential of the Human Lung Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 39065215 PMCID: PMC11278768 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human lung microbiome remains largely underexplored, despite its potential implications in the pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs and its involvement in lung diseases. Interactions within these bacterial communities and with the host are complex processes which often involve microbial small molecules. In this study, we employed a computational approach to describe the metabolic potential of the human lung microbiome. By utilizing antiSMASH and BiG-SCAPE software, we identified 1831 biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of specialized metabolites in a carefully compiled genome database of lung-associated bacteria and fungi. It was shown that RiPPs represent the largest class of natural products within the bacteriome, while NRPs constitute the largest class of natural products in the lung mycobiome. All predicted BGCs were further categorized into 767 gene cluster families, and a subsequent network analysis highlighted that these families are widely distributed and contain many uncharacterized members. Moreover, in-depth annotation allowed the assignment of certain gene clusters to putative lung-specific functions within the microbiome, such as osmoadaptation or surfactant synthesis. This study establishes the lung microbiome as a prolific source for secondary metabolites and lays the groundwork for detailed investigation of this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonard Kaysser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (M.R.B.-F.); (M.K.)
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2
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Garai P, Atack JM, Wills BM, Jennings MP, Bakaletz LO, Brockman KL. Adherence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Cells and Substrates of the Airway Is Differentially Regulated by Individual ModA Phasevarions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0409322. [PMID: 36511712 PMCID: PMC9927368 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04093-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) to the host airway is an essential initial step for asymptomatic colonization of the nasopharynx, as well as development of disease. NTHi relies on strict regulation of multiple adhesins for adherence to host substrates encountered in the airway. NTHi encode a phase-variable cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferase, ModA, that regulates expression of multiple genes; a phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). Multiple modA alleles are present in NTHi, in which different alleles methylate a different DNA target, and each controls a different set of genes. However, the role of ModA phasevarions in regulating adherence of NTHi to the host airway is not well understood. This study therefore sought to investigate the role of four of the most prevalent ModA phasevarions in the regulation of adherence of NTHi to multiple substrates of the airway. Four clinical isolates of NTHi with unique modA alleles were tested in this study. The adherence of NTHi to mucus, middle ear epithelial cells, and vitronectin was regulated in a substrate-specific manner that was dependent on the ModA allele encoded. The adhesins Protein E and P4 were found to contribute to the ModA-regulated adherence of NTHi to distinct substrates. A better understanding of substrate-specific regulation of NTHi adherence by ModA phasevarions will allow identification of NTHi populations present at the site of disease within the airway and facilitate more directed development of vaccines and therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a predominant pathogen of the human airway that causes respiratory infections such as otitis media (OM) and exacerbations in the lungs of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the lack of a licensed vaccine against NTHi and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, it is extremely challenging to target NTHi for treatment. NTHi adhesins are considered potential candidates for vaccines or other therapeutic approaches. The ModA phasevarions of NTHi play a role in the rapid adaptation of the pathogen to different environmental stress conditions. This study addressed the role of ModA phasevarions in the regulation of adherence of NTHi to specific host substrates found within the respiratory tract. The findings of this study improve our understanding of regulation of adherence of NTHi to the airway, which may further be used to enhance the potential of adhesins as vaccine antigens and therapeutic targets against NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John M. Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon M. Wills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Xue Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Air pollution: A culprit of lung cancer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128937. [PMID: 35452993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health problem, especially in the context of rapid economic development and the expansion of urbanization. Herein, we discuss the harmful effects of outdoor and indoor pollution on the lungs. Ambient particulate matters (PMs) from industrial and vehicle exhausts is associated with lung cancer. Workers exposed to asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and toxic metals are also likely to develop lung cancer. Indoors, cooking fumes, second-hand smoke, and radioactive products from house decoration materials play roles in the development of lung cancer. Bacteria and viruses can also be detrimental to health and are important risk factors in lung inflammation and cancer. Specific effects of lung cancer caused by air pollution are discussed in detail, including inflammation, DNA damage, and epigenetic regulation. In addition, advanced materials for personal protection, as well as the current government policies to prevent air pollution, are summarized. This review provides a basis for future research on the relationship between lung cancer and air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano safety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; Henan Institute of advanced technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Liuxiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano safety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; Henan Institute of advanced technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano safety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; Henan Institute of advanced technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano safety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, PR China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano safety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China; GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, PR China.
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4
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Kim OH, Choi BY, Kim DK, Kim NH, Rho JK, Sul WJ, Lee SW. The microbiome of lung cancer tissue and its association with pathological and clinical parameters. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2350-2362. [PMID: 35693079 PMCID: PMC9185621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, although the microbiome has emerged as the key modulator of the carcinogenesis, it has not been evaluated in lung cancer. Here, we evaluated the microbial composition of lung cancer tissues according to the histologic type and genetic mutation, compared it with that of the adjacent normal lung tissues, and investigated the association between the lung microbiome and clinical parameters. We collected lung tissue samples from 162 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, 162 cancer and 54 adjacent normal tissues), surgically resected between January 2018 and December 2019, and analyzed their microbiome using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the QIIME2 pipeline, and statistical analyses. NSCLC tissues had significantly lower alpha diversity than the normal tissues, and their microbial composition differed according to the histologic type and cancer genetic mutation. The genera Romboutsia, Novosphingobium, Acinetobacter, and Prevotella were significantly overrepresented in NSCLC tissues. Alpha diversity steadily declined from a normal to a more advanced stage, and microbial compositional differences were noted along with recurrence. Stenotrophomonas was the most predominant genus in the NSCLC tissues of patients with recurrence. The pathways related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis were predominant in adenocarcinoma, whereas those related to purine and pyrimidine nucleotide degradation and formaldehyde assimilation were predominant in squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings suggest that the altered lung cancer microbial composition might be associated with cancer initiation and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ock-Hwa Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong HospitalSejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yun Choi
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Dong J, Li W, Wang Q, Chen J, Zu Y, Zhou X, Guo Q. Relationships Between Oral Microecosystem and Respiratory Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:718222. [PMID: 35071321 PMCID: PMC8767498 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.718222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microecosystem is a very complicated ecosystem that is located in the mouth and comprises oral microbiome, diverse anatomic structures of oral cavity, saliva and interactions between oral microbiota and between oral microbiota and the host. More and more evidence from studies of epidemiology, microbiology and molecular biology is establishing a significant link between oral microecosystem and respiratory diseases. Microbiota settling down in oral microecosystem is known as the main source of lung microbiome and has been associated with the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases like pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis lung disease and asthma. In fact, it is not only indigenous oral microbes promote or directly cause respiratory infection and inflammation when inhaled into the lower respiratory tract, but also internal environment of oral microecosystem serves as a reservoir for opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Moreover, poor oral health and oral diseases caused by oral microecological dysbiosis (especially periodontal disease) are related with risk of multiple respiratory diseases. Here, we review the research status on the respiratory diseases related with oral microecosystem. Potential mechanisms on how respiratory pathogens colonize oral microecosystem and the role of indigenous oral microbes in pathogenesis of respiratory diseases are also summarized and analyzed. Given the importance of oral plaque control and oral health interventions in controlling or preventing respiratory infection and diseases, we also summarize the oral health management measures and attentions, not only for populations susceptible to respiratory infection like the elderly and hospitalized patients, but also for dentist or oral hygienists who undertake oral health care. In conclusion, the relationship between respiratory diseases and oral microecosystem has been established and supported by growing body of literature. However, etiological evidence on the role of oral microecosystem in the development of respiratory diseases is still insufficient. Further detailed studies focusing on specific mechanisms on how oral microecosystem participate in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases could be helpful to prevent and treat respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ramos-Castaneda M, Moghaddam SJ. Lung Cancer Murine Models and Methodology for Immunopreventive Study. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:203-214. [PMID: 34993949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancers in the world and remains as the cancer with the highest incidence of death (Siegel et al. CA Cancer J Clin 71(1):7-33, 2021). K-RAS mutation is one of the most common mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), encompassing 15-30% of lung adenocarcinomas (Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Nature 511:543-550, 2014). In this chapter, we describe various murine models with the goal of studying the role of inflammation in development and promotion of lung cancer. Immunomodulatory strategies are described in detail as well as the protocols that follow the intervention for harvesting various tissue and fluids for immune-profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ramos-Castaneda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Behrouzi A, Mianroodi RA, Afrough P, Ayadi A, Serajian A. Evaluation of immunological responses against outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae using MPLA-CpG adjuvant as a vaccine candidate. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:417-423. [PMID: 33603996 PMCID: PMC7867700 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are major causes of non-invasive infections, including otitis media and sinusitis and it can also contribute to respiratory infections of all ages. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine against NTHi commercially available. Many studies have been conducted on the use of OMV as a vaccine against NTHi. The purpose of this study is to achieve an immunogenic vaccine against NTHi. Materials and Methods In this study, standard OMV Haemophilus (ATCC49766) with adjuncts CpG and MPLA was used and after infusion into BALB/c mice, the levels of antibodies and cytokines were measured on serum of immunized mice. Results The results showed that total IgG antibody and IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes in OMV immunized mice with mixture of CpG-MPLA adjuvant had a significant increase. Also, the results of cytokines (IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-γ) showed that IL-4 had the highest rate. Conclusion These findings indicate that OMVs derived from NTHi strains have a high potential to act as a vaccine against NTHi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Behrouzi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arabi Mianroodi
- Department of R&D, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Afrough
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ayadi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Xu N, Wang L, Li C, Ding C, Li C, Fan W, Cheng C, Gu B. Microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer: evidence of association and potential mechanisms. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1554-1568. [PMID: 32953527 PMCID: PMC7481604 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, revolution in microbial research has provided valuable insights into the function of microbes that inhabit human body. This complex community of microbes, collectively named as microbiota, displays tremendous interaction with a host to maintain homeostasis of the local environment. Lungs were even previously regarded as sterile for a long time. With the development of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technology, a low-density, diversified microbial ecosystem is found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, and lung tissues. Current research confirms that, compared with healthy people, patients with lung cancer show changes in the relative abundance of multiple genera. Emerging evidence has suggested that dysbiosis of the lung microbiota may play a critical role in lung carcinogenesis by affecting metabolic, inflammatory pathways and immune response. We briefly summarize the relationship between lung microbiome and lung cancer and discuss the potential mechanisms mediating lung microbiota and lung cancer. Thus, we provide innovative strategies for early prevention and personalized treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Xu
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Li
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenting Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Medical Technology Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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9
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Kc R, Leong KWC, Harkness NM, Lachowicz J, Gautam SS, Cooley LA, McEwan B, Petrovski S, Karupiah G, O'Toole RF. Whole-genome analyses reveal gene content differences between nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to other clinical phenotypes. Microb Genom 2020; 6. [PMID: 32706329 PMCID: PMC7641420 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) colonizes human upper respiratory airways and plays a key role in the course and pathogenesis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Currently, it is not possible to distinguish COPD isolates of NTHi from other clinical isolates of NTHi using conventional genotyping methods. Here, we analysed the core and accessory genome of 568 NTHi isolates, including 40 newly sequenced isolates, to look for genetic distinctions between NTHi isolates from COPD with respect to other illnesses, including otitis media, meningitis and pneumonia. Phylogenies based on polymorphic sites in the core-genome did not show discrimination between NTHi strains collected from different clinical phenotypes. However, pan-genome-wide association studies identified 79 unique NTHi accessory genes that were significantly associated with COPD. Furthermore, many of the COPD-related NTHi genes have known or predicted roles in virulence, transmembrane transport of metal ions and nutrients, cellular respiration and maintenance of redox homeostasis. This indicates that specific genes may be required by NTHi for its survival or virulence in the COPD lung. These results advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of NTHi infection in COPD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kc
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kelvin W C Leong
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Harkness
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julia Lachowicz
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sanjay S Gautam
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Louise A Cooley
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Belinda McEwan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Steve Petrovski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gunasegaran Karupiah
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ronan F O'Toole
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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Thulborn SJ, Ceroni A, Haldar K, Mistry V, Cane JL, Brightling CE, Barer MR, Bafadhel M. Detection of Cell-Dissociated Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae in the Airways of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1357-1365. [PMID: 32606645 PMCID: PMC7297347 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s247130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most commonly found pathogen in the lower respiratory airways of patients with COPD. NTHi is predominantly regarded as an intracellular pathogen; however, like most pathogens, it can exist and co-exist in two broad forms: cell-associated (intracellularly or adhered to cells) or cell-dissociated (biofilm dispersed or planktonic). We sought to investigate if cell-dissociated NTHi can be detected from the sputum of COPD patients and assess this relationship to disease severity and airway inflammation. Methods DNA was extracted from the sputum plug and cell-free supernatant to quantify absolute (cell-associated and cell-dissociated NTHi) and cell-dissociated NTHi, respectively, from 87 COPD subjects attending an observational longitudinal COPD exacerbation study. NTHi was quantified using TaqMan hydrolysis probes, targeting the OMP P6 gene using qPCR. Results At stable state cell-dissociated NTHi was detected 56% of subjects with a median (IQR) of 9.95x102 gene copies (1.26x102 to 1.90x104). Cell-dissociated NTHi correlated with absolute NTHi levels (r=0.34, p<0.01) but not airway inflammation or spirometry at stable state. At exacerbation, cell-dissociated NTHi correlated with lung function (FEV1 r=0.629, p=0.005; FEV1%predicted r=0.564, p=0.015; FVC r=0.476 p=0.046) and sputum neutrophilic inflammation (% neutrophils r=0.688, p=0.002; total neutrophils r=0.518, p=0.028). Conclusion In patients with COPD, NTHi can exist in both cell-associated and cell-dissociated forms. Cell-dissociated NTHi is associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation during exacerbations of COPD and may be a driving factor in worsening lung function during these episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Thulborn
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandro Ceroni
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Koirobi Haldar
- Department of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Vijay Mistry
- Department of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer L Cane
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Department of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael R Barer
- Department of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Terrat Y, Farnaes L, Bradley J, Tromas N, Shapiro BJ. Two cases of type-a Haemophilus influenzae meningitis within the same week in the same hospital are phylogenetically unrelated but recently exchanged capsule genes. Microb Genom 2020; 6. [PMID: 32213257 PMCID: PMC7276706 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae causes common and sometimes severe adult and pediatric disease including chronic obstructive respiratory disease, otitis media and infections of the central nervous system. Serotype b strains, with a b-type capsule, have been the historical cause of invasive disease, and the introduction of a serotype b-specific vaccine has led to their decline. However, unencapsulated or non-b-type H. influenzae infections are not prevented by the vaccine and appear to be increasing in frequency. Here we report two pediatric cases of severe central nervous system H. influenzae infection presenting to the same hospital in San Diego, California during the same week in January 2016. Due to good vaccine coverage in this part of the world, H. influenzae cases are normally rare and seeing two cases in the same week was unexpected. We thus suspected a recent transmission chain, and possible local outbreak. To test this hypothesis, we isolated and sequenced whole genomes from each patient and placed them in a phylogenetic tree spanning the known diversity of H. influenzae. Surprisingly, we found that the two isolates (SD2016_1 and SD2016_2) belonged to distantly related lineages, suggesting two independent transmission events and ruling out a local outbreak. Despite being distantly related, the two isolates belong to two different lineages that have exchanged capsule loci in the recent past. Therefore, as in other bacterial pathogens, capsule switching by horizontal gene transfer may be an important evolutionary mechanism of vaccine evasion in H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Terrat
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lauge Farnaes
- Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Bradley
- Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Tromas
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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12
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Tanno A, Fujino N, Yamada M, Sugiura H, Hirano T, Tanaka R, Sano H, Suzuki S, Okada Y, Ichinose M. Decreased expression of a phagocytic receptor Siglec-1 on alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2020; 21:30. [PMID: 31992280 PMCID: PMC6986024 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar macrophages are professional phagocytes that remove microbial pathogens inhaled into the lung. The phagocytic ability is compromised in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this defect in phagocytosis are not clearly defined. Materials and methods Cell suspensions were collected from lung tissues of patients undergoing lung resection. Alveolar macrophages were detected as FSChi/ SSChi/CD45+/CD206+ cells in the isolated cell suspension by flow-cytometry. The cell surface expression of plasma membrane-bound phagocytic receptors (Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI), a complement receptor CD11b, macrophage scavenger receptor-1 (MSR-1), CD36 and Siglec-1) was determined on the alveolar macrophages. Correlations between the expression levels of the phagocytic receptors and disease severity were analysed. Phagocytosis of fluorescence-tagged bacteria by human alveolar macrophages was evaluated. Results The flow-cytometry analyses revealed that FcγRI, CD11b, MSR-1 and Siglec-1, but not CD36, were expressed on human alveolar macrophages. Among these receptors, Siglec-1 expression was significantly decreased on alveolar macrophages in COPD ex-smokers (n = 11), compared to control never-smokers (n = 11) or control ex-smokers (n = 9). The Siglec-1 expression on alveolar macrophages was significantly correlated with lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and with the severity of emphysema. Treatment of human alveolar macrophages with an anti-Siglec1 blocking antibody decreased phagocytosis of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated reduced expression of Siglec-1 on alveolar macrophages in COPD, which is involved in engulfment of NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Taizou Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, 986 8522, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980 8575, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
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13
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Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Haemophilus influenzae from Nasopharynx of Children under Five Years Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:6542919. [PMID: 30944683 PMCID: PMC6421742 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6542919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. H. influenzae remains an organism of a major public health challenge worldwide despite the availability of the Hib vaccine, particularly among children under 5 years. Information on the current carriage status and antibiotic susceptibility is key on proper health-care provision. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine H. influenzae carriage rate and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates among the children. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and May 2018, among clinically healthy children under five years attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). We carried out standard microbiology methods to culture, isolate, and identify H. influenzae, and then, we tested for their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics following the CLSI standards. Results. Of the 248 participants included in the study, 116 (46.77%) were females and 132 (53.23%) males and 78 (31.45%) were below the age of 3 months. Fifty one of the study participants had H. influenzae in their nasopharynx, which represents 20.56% carriage (95% CI 15.49 to 25.63). There was a general high susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobial agents commonly used. There was 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and imipenem antibiotic agents, though 6 (11.76%) and 4 (7.84%) of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, respectively. Conclusion. The high burden presented by H. influenzae and the resultant impact on child health require much attention to prevention of infections associated with the organism. A well-funded molecular study focusing on typing the isolates would determine the impact of the vaccine, given the carriage rates are still high.
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14
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Nasirikenari M, Lugade AA, Neelamegham S, Gao Z, Moremen KW, Bogner PN, Thanavala Y, Lau JTY. Recombinant Sialyltransferase Infusion Mitigates Infection-Driven Acute Lung Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 30778346 PMCID: PMC6369197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate inflammation exacerbates a vast array of chronic and acute conditions with severe health risks. In certain situations, such as acute sepsis, traditional therapies may be inadequate in preventing severe organ damage or death. We have previously shown cell surface glycan modification by the circulating sialyltransferase ST6Gal-1 regulates de novo inflammatory cell production via a novel extrinsic glycosylation pathway. Here, we show that therapeutic administration of recombinant, bioactive ST6Gal-1 (rST6G) mitigates acute inflammation in a murine model mimicking acute exacerbations experienced by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to suppressing proximal neutrophil recruitment at onset of infection-mediated inflammation, rST6G also muted local cytokine production. Histologically, exposure with NTHI, a bacterium associated with COPD exacerbations, in rST6G-treated animals revealed consistent and pronounced reduction of pulmonary inflammation, characterized by smaller inflammatory cuffs around bronchovascular bundles, and fewer inflammatory cells within alveolar walls, alveolar spaces, and on pleural surfaces. Taken together, the data advance the idea that manipulating circulatory ST6Gal-1 levels has potential in managing inflammatory conditions by leveraging the combined approaches of controlling new inflammatory cell production and dampening the inflammation mediator cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Nasirikenari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Amit A Lugade
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Zhongwei Gao
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Paul N Bogner
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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15
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Thomas SR, Leung S, Knox K, Wilkinson TMA, Staples KJ, Lestrate P, Wauters D, Gorringe A, Taylor SC. Development of flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis and antibody-mediated complement deposition assays for non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:167. [PMID: 30373523 PMCID: PMC6206646 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus influenzae is found in the nasopharynx of 80% of the human population. While colonisation with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is usually asymptomatic, it is capable of causing acute and chronic otitis media (OM) in infants, invasive disease in susceptible groups and is the leading cause of exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Current methods for assessing functional antibody immunity to NTHi are limited and labour intensive. Flow cytometric assays could provide an attractive alternative to evaluate immune responses to candidate vaccines in clinical trials. RESULTS We have developed a duplexed flow-cytometric uptake and oxidative burst opsonophagocytosis assay (fOPA). We have also developed a duplexed antibody-mediated complement C3b/iC3b and C5b-9 deposition assay (CDA). Antibody-mediated C3b/iC3b deposition correlated with opsonophagocytic uptake (r = 0.65) and with opsonophagocytic oxidative burst (r = 0.69). Both fOPA and CDA were reproducible, with the majority of samples giving a coefficient of variation (CV) of < 20% and overall assay CVs of 14% and 16% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high-throughput flow cytometric assays developed here were successfully optimised for use with NTHi. Assays proved to be sensitive and highly reproducible for the measurement of bacterial uptake and oxidative burst opsonophagocytosis and antibody-mediated deposition of C3b/iC3b and C5b-9. These assays are useful tools for use in large scale epidemiological studies and to assist in the assessment of functional antibody induced by NTHi candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Thomas
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Stephanie Leung
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Katy Knox
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Gorringe
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Stephen C Taylor
- Public Health England, Microbiological Services, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
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16
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Liu Y, O’Brien JL, Ajami NJ, Scheurer ME, Amirian ES, Armstrong G, Tsavachidis S, Thrift AP, Jiao L, Wong MC, Smith DP, Spitz MR, Bondy ML, Petrosino JF, Kheradmand F. Lung tissue microbial profile in lung cancer is distinct from emphysema. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1775-1787. [PMID: 30323970 PMCID: PMC6176189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The composition and structure of site-specific microbiota have been investigated as potential biomarkers for a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. While many studies have focused on the changes in the airway microbiota using respiratory specimens from patients with various respiratory diseases, more research is needed to explore the microbial profiles within the distal lung parenchyma in smokers with lung cancer and/or emphysema. MATERIALS AND METHODS To describe and contrast lung tissue-associated microbial signatures in smokers with lung cancer and/or emphysema, we employed culture-independent pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene hypervariable V4 region and compositional analysis in non-malignant lung tissue samples obtained from 40 heavy smokers, including 10 emphysema-only, 11 lung cancer-only, and 19 with both lung cancer and emphysema. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The emphysema-only group presented a lower bacterial community evenness defined by a significantly lower Shannon diversity index compared to the lung cancer patients with or without emphysema (P = 0.006). Furthermore, community compositions of lung cancer patients with or without emphysema were characterized by a significantly lower abundance of Proteobacteria (primary the genera Acinetobacter and Acidovorax) and higher prevalence of Firmicutes (Streptococcus) and Bacteroidetes (Prevotella), compared to emphysema-only patients. In conclusion, the lung microbial composition and communities structures of smokers with lung cancer are distinct from the emphysema-only patients. Although preliminary, our findings suggest that lung microbiome changes could be a biomarker of lung cancer that could eventually be used to help screening for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacqueline L O’Brien
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Susan Amirian
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Georgina Armstrong
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Jiao
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel P Smith
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Abdillahi SM, Tati R, Nordin SL, Baumgarten M, Hallgren O, Bjermer L, Erjefält J, Westergren-Thorsson G, Singh B, Riesbeck K, Mörgelin M. The Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix Is a Bactericidal Barrier Against Haemophilus influenzae in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Implications for an in vivo Innate Host Defense Function of Collagen VI. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1988. [PMID: 30233584 PMCID: PMC6127292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human commensal commonly residing in the nasopharynx of preschool children. It occasionally causes upper respiratory tract infection such as acute otitis media, but can also spread to the lower respiratory tract causing bronchitis and pneumonia. There is increasing recognition that NTHi has an important role in chronic lower respiratory tract inflammation, particularly in persistent infection in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we set out to assess the innate protective effects of collagen VI, a ubiquitous extracellular matrix component, against NTHi infection in vivo. In vitro, collagen VI rapidly kills bacteria through pore formation and membrane rupture, followed by exudation of intracellular content. This effect is mediated by specific binding of the von Willebrand A (VWA) domains of collagen VI to the NTHi surface adhesins protein E (PE) and Haemophilus autotransporter protein (Hap). Similar observations were made in vivo specimens from murine airways and COPD patient biopsies. NTHi bacteria adhered to collagen fibrils in the airway mucosa and were rapidly killed by membrane destabilization. The significance in host-pathogen interplay of one of these molecules, PE, was highlighted by the observation that it confers partial protection from bacterial killing. Bacteria lacking PE were more prone to antimicrobial activity than NTHi expressing PE. Altogether the data shed new light on the carefully orchestrated molecular events of the host-pathogen interplay in COPD and emphasize the importance of the extracellular matrix as a novel branch of innate host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suado M. Abdillahi
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramesh Tati
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara L. Nordin
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Baumgarten
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Erjefält
- Airway Inflammation and Immunology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Birendra Singh
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Colzyx AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Khosravi N, Caetano MS, Cumpian AM, Unver N, De la Garza Ramos C, Noble O, Daliri S, Hernandez BJ, Gutierrez BA, Evans SE, Hanash S, Alekseev AM, Yang Y, Chang SH, Nurieva R, Kadara H, Chen J, Ostrin EJ, Moghaddam SJ. IL22 Promotes Kras-Mutant Lung Cancer by Induction of a Protumor Immune Response and Protection of Stemness Properties. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:788-797. [PMID: 29764837 PMCID: PMC6030457 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic KRAS mutations are the most common oncogenic variants in lung cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. Using a Kras-induced lung cancer mouse model, CC-LR, we previously showed a role for inflammation in lung tumorigenesis through activation of the NF-κB pathway, along with induction of interleukin 6 (IL6) and an IL17-producing CD4+ T-helper cell response. IL22 is an effector molecule secreted by CD4+ and γδ T cells that we previously found to be expressed in CC-LR mice. IL22 mostly signals through the STAT3 pathway and is thought to act exclusively on nonhematopoietic cells with basal IL22 receptor (IL22R) expression on epithelial cells. Here, we found that higher expression of IL22R1 in patients with KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma was an independent indicator of poor recurrence-free survival. We then showed that genetic ablation of Il22 in CC-LR mice (CC-LR/IL22KO mice) caused a significant reduction in tumor number and size. This was accompanied by significantly lower tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and STAT3 activation. Il22 ablation was also associated with significant reduction in lung-infiltrating inflammatory cells and expression of protumor inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, this was accompanied with increased antitumor Th1 and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses, while suppressing the protumor immunosuppressive T regulatory cell response. In CC-LR/IL22KO mice, we found significantly reduced expression of core stemness genes and the number of prototypical SPC+CCSP+ stem cells. Thus, we conclude that IL22 promotes Kras-mutant lung tumorigenesis by driving a protumor inflammatory microenvironment with proliferative, angiogenic, and stemness contextual cues in epithelial/tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 788-97. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mauricio S Caetano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amber M Cumpian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nese Unver
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Oscar Noble
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Soudabeh Daliri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Belinda J Hernandez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Berenice A Gutierrez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrei M Alekseev
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
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19
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Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Bogner PN, Miller A, Lehmann PV, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ, Thanavala Y. Secondhand Smoke Induces Inflammation and Impairs Immunity to Respiratory Infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2927-2940. [PMID: 29555783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advocacy to reduce smoking-related diseases, >1 billion people worldwide continue to smoke. Smoking is immunosuppressive and an important etiological factor in the development of several human disorders including respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, there is a critical gap in the knowledge of the role of secondhand smoke (SHS) in inflammation and immunity. We therefore studied the influence of SHS on pulmonary inflammation and immune responses to respiratory infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) recurrently found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Chronic SHS-exposed mice were chronically infected with NTHI and pulmonary inflammation was evaluated by histology. Immune cell numbers and cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Chronic SHS exposure impaired NTHI P6 Ag-specific B and T cell responses following chronic NTHI infection as measured by ELISPOT assays, reduced the production of Abs in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, and enhanced albumin leak into the bronchoalveolar lavage as determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed lymphocytic accumulation surrounding airways and bronchovasculature following chronic SHS exposure and chronic infection. Chronic SHS exposure enhanced the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lungs, and impaired the generation of adaptive immunity following either chronic infection or P6 vaccination. Chronic SHS exposure diminished bacterial clearance from the lungs after acute NTHI challenge, whereas P6 vaccination improved clearance equivalent to the level seen in air-exposed, non-vaccinated mice. Our study provides unequivocal evidence that SHS exposure has long-term detrimental effects on the pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment and immunity to infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Paul N Bogner
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620; and.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263;
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20
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The Role of Regulatory T Cell in Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8387150. [PMID: 29725272 PMCID: PMC5872612 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8387150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with irreversible persistent airflow limitation and enhanced inflammation. The episodes of acute exacerbation (AECOPD) largely depend on the colonized pathogens such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), one of the most commonly isolated bacteria. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical in controlling inflammatory immune responses and maintaining tolerance; however, their role in AECOPD is poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized a regulatory role of Tregs, as NTHi participated in the progress of COPD. Immunological pathogenesis was investigated in a murine COPD model induced by cigarette smoke (CS). NTHi was administrated through intratracheal instillation for an acute exacerbation. Weight loss and lung function decline were observed in smoke-exposed mice. Mice in experimental groups exhibited serious inflammatory responses via histological and cytokine assessment. Expression levels of Tregs and Th17 cells with specific cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-17 were detected to assess the balance of pro-/anti-inflammatory influence partially. Our findings suggested an anti-inflammatory activity of Tregs in CS-induced model. But this activity was suppressed after NTHi administration. Collectively, these data suggested that NTHi might play a necessary role in downregulating Foxp3 to impair the function of Tregs, helping development into AECOPD.
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21
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Gao K, Lai Y, Huang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Che G. [Preoperatiove Airway Bacterial Colonization: the Missing Link between Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Following Lobectomy and Postoperative Pneumonia?]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:239-247. [PMID: 28442012 PMCID: PMC5999674 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
背景与目的 外科手术是目前治疗肺癌的主要手段,肺癌患者围术期死亡的主要原因仍是术后肺炎。已有的研究结果显示致病性气道定植菌被认为是术后肺部并发症的一个独立危险因素,本研究旨在探讨术前致病性气道定植菌的存在与术后发生肺炎的关系及其危险因素。 方法 横断面调查2014年5月至2015年1月连续收治于成都市6家三级甲等医院胸外科行手术治疗的125例非小细胞肺癌患者,术前经纤维支气管镜取气管及支气管内液细菌学标本,并检测术前血清肺表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D, SP-D)水平,术后肺部相关并发症进行分析。 结果 肺癌患者术前合并致病性气道定植菌的发生率为15.2%(19/125),以革兰氏阴性菌为主(19/22, 86.36%);肺癌患者术前合并致病性气道定植菌的高危因素为:高龄(≥75岁)和长期吸烟史(吸烟指数≥400支/年);术后肺部相关并发症和术后肺炎发生率在肺癌合并致病性气道定植菌组(42.11%, 26.32%)均显著高于非合并组(16.04%, 6.60%)(P=0.021, P=0.019)。术前血清SP-D浓度在肺癌合并致病性气道定植菌(31.25±6.09)显著高于非合并组(28.17±5.23)(P=0.023)。并发术后肺炎患者中气道致病性定值菌发生率为41.67%(5/12),其发生率是无手术后肺炎患者的3.4倍(OR=3.363, 95%CI: 1.467-7.711)。 结论 肺癌患者合并致病性气道定植菌与术后肺炎发生密切相关,且高危险因素是高龄和长期吸烟史。
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610017, China;Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yutian Lai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Jiang D, Matsuda J, Berman R, Schaefer N, Stevenson C, Gross J, Zhang B, Sanchez A, Li L, Chu HW. A novel mouse model of conditional IRAK-M deficiency in myeloid cells: application in lung Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Innate Immun 2017; 23:206-215. [PMID: 28120642 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916684202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells such as macrophages are critical to innate defense against infection. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAK-M) is a negative regulator of TLR signaling during bacterial infection, but the role of myeloid cell IRAK-M in bacterial infection is unclear. Our goal was to generate a novel conditional knockout mouse model to define the role of myeloid cell IRAK-M during bacterial infection. Myeloid cell-specific IRAK-M knockout mice were generated by crossing IRAK-M floxed mice with LysM-Cre knock-in mice. The resulting LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt and control (LysM-Cre-/IRAK-Mfl/wt) mice were intranasally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). IRAK-M deletion, inflammation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and PA load were measured in leukocytes, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lungs. PA killing assay with BAL fluid was performed to determine mechanisms of IRAK-M-mediated host defense. IRAK-M mRNA and protein levels in alveolar and lung macrophages were significantly reduced in LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mice compared with control mice. Following PA infection, LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mice have enhanced lung neutrophilic inflammation, including MPO activity, but reduced PA load. The increased lung MPO activity in LysM-Cre+/IRAK-Mfl/wt mouse BAL fluid reduced PA load. Generation of IRAK-M conditional knockout mice will enable investigators to determine precisely the function of IRAK-M in myeloid cells and other types of cells during infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Matsuda
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Reena Berman
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Connor Stevenson
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James Gross
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- 2 Office of Academic Affairs and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amelia Sanchez
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- 1 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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23
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Sharan R, Perez-Cruz M, Kervoaze G, Gosset P, Weynants V, Godfroid F, Hermand P, Trottein F, Pichavant M, Gosset P. Interleukin-22 protects against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae infection: alteration during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:139-149. [PMID: 27143304 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major health problem becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A large part of these disorders is associated with acute exacerbations resulting from infection by bacteria, such as non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these exacerbations is still elusive. We demonstrate herein that NTHi infection of mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), an experimental model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not only causes acute pulmonary inflammation but also impairs the production of interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine with potential anti-bacterial activities. We also report that mice lacking IL-22, as well as mice exposed to CS, have a delayed clearance of NTHi bacteria and display enhanced alveolar wall thickening and airway remodeling compared with controls. Supplementation with IL-22 not only boosted bacterial clearance and the production of anti-microbial peptides but also limited lung damages induced by infection both in IL-22-/- and CS-exposed mice. In vitro exposure to CS extract altered the NTHi-induced IL-22 production by spleen cells. This study shows for the first time that a defect in IL-22 is involved in the acute exacerbation induced by NTHi infection during experimental COPD and opens the way to innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharan
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Perez-Cruz
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Kervoaze
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - F Trottein
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Pichavant
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - P Gosset
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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24
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Shenoy PA, Chawla K, Vishwanath S, Shaw D. Microbiological Characterization of Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:DC31-4. [PMID: 27437218 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18612.7892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for wide range of localized and invasive lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) with the highest burden of disease in low and middle income countries. AIM The aim of the present study was to characterize the H.influenzae isolates from suspected LRTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted over a period of one and half years (December 2012 to May 2014) including patients with LRTI. H.influenzae was isolated from lower respiratory specimens following standard procedures. Complete characterization of the isolates was performed by bio typing, capsular serotyping, molecular genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The predisposing factors and clinical presentation were studied in the infected patients. RESULTS A total of 8995 samples were received during the study period, out of which growth was significantly observed in 2848 (31.7%) samples. Among the various respiratory pathogens, H.influenzae was isolated from 175 (6.14%) patients. Majority (78.9%) of the patients presented with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The isolates most frequently were of Biotype II (35.42%). Only four of the 50 isolates subjected to capsular serotyping were typeable and were of type b, e and f. All the 50 isolates tested were found to be non-typeable by PCR for capsular genotyping. Maximum resistance was found against ampicillin (9.71%). CONCLUSION H.influenzae was found to be a significant cause of LRTI. Majority of the isolates were found to be non typeable strains. Non typeable H. influenzae isolates should not be neglected as they can colonize the respiratory tract in COPD patients and can lead to biofilm formation and treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Ananth Shenoy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Shashidhar Vishwanath
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Dipika Shaw
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
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25
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Brockman KL, Jurcisek JA, Atack JM, Srikhanta YN, Jennings MP, Bakaletz LO. ModA2 Phasevarion Switching in Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Increases the Severity of Experimental Otitis Media. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:817-24. [PMID: 27288538 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human-adapted bacterial pathogens use a phasevarion (ie, a phase-variable regulon) to rapidly and reversibly regulate the expression of many genes, which include known virulence factors, yet the influence of phasevarion-mediated regulation in pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we examine the impact of the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) ModA2 phasevarion on pathogenesis and disease severity in a chinchilla model of experimental otitis media. Chinchillas were challenged with NTHI variant populations that were either inoculated ON and remained ON, inoculated OFF and shifted ON, or inoculated OFF and remained OFF, within the middle ear. We show that populations that shift from OFF to ON within the middle ear induce significantly greater disease severity than populations that are unable to shift. These observations support the importance of phasevarion switching in NTHI pathogenesis and the necessity to considered phasevarion regulation when developing methods to treat and prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Brockman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph A Jurcisek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | | | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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26
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Croasdell A, Lacy SH, Thatcher TH, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvin D1 Dampens Pulmonary Inflammation and Promotes Clearance of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2742-52. [PMID: 26843331 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations in patients with underlying inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In mice, NTHi is rapidly cleared, but a strong inflammatory response persists, underscoring the concept that NTHi induces dysregulation of normal inflammatory responses and causes a failure to resolve. Lipid-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by both suppressing proinflammatory actions and promoting resolution pathways. Importantly, SPMs lack the immunosuppressive properties of classical anti-inflammatory therapies. On the basis of these characteristics, we hypothesized that aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) would dampen NTHi-induced inflammation while still enhancing bacterial clearance. C57BL/6 mice were treated with AT-RvD1 and infected with live NTHi. AT-RvD1-treated mice had lower total cell counts and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and had earlier influx of macrophages. In addition, AT-RvD1-treated mice showed changes in temporal regulation of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, with decreased KC at 6 h and decreased IL-6, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression at 24 h post infection. Despite reduced inflammation, AT-RvD1-treated mice had reduced NTHi bacterial load, mediated by enhanced clearance by macrophages and a skewing toward an M2 phenotype. Finally, AT-RvD1 protected NTHi-infected mice from weight loss, hypothermia, hypoxemia, and respiratory compromise. This research highlights the beneficial role of SPMs in pulmonary bacterial infections and provides the groundwork for further investigation into SPMs as alternatives to immunosuppressive therapies like steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Croasdell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Shannon H Lacy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642; and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
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27
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Post DMB, Ketterer MR, Coffin JE, Reinders LM, Munson RS, Bair T, Murphy TF, Foster ED, Gibson BW, Apicella MA. Comparative Analyses of the Lipooligosaccharides from Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus Show Differences in Sialic Acid and Phosphorylcholine Modifications. Infect Immun 2016; 84:765-74. [PMID: 26729761 PMCID: PMC4771351 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01185-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus haemolyticus and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are closely related upper airway commensal bacteria that are difficult to distinguish phenotypically. NTHi causes upper and lower airway tract infections in individuals with compromised airways, while H. haemolyticus rarely causes such infections. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is an outer membrane component of both species and plays a role in NTHi pathogenesis. In this study, comparative analyses of the LOS structures and corresponding biosynthesis genes were performed. Mass spectrometric and immunochemical analyses showed that NTHi LOS contained terminal sialic acid more frequently and to a higher extent than H. haemolyticus LOS did. Genomic analyses of 10 strains demonstrated that H. haemolyticus lacked the sialyltransferase genes lic3A and lic3B (9/10) and siaA (10/10), but all strains contained the sialic acid uptake genes siaP and siaT (10/10). However, isothermal titration calorimetry analyses of SiaP from two H. haemolyticus strains showed a 3.4- to 7.3-fold lower affinity for sialic acid compared to that of NTHi SiaP. Additionally, mass spectrometric and immunochemical analyses showed that the LOS from H. haemolyticus contained phosphorylcholine (ChoP) less frequently than the LOS from NTHi strains. These differences observed in the levels of sialic acid and ChoP incorporation in the LOS structures from H. haemolyticus and NTHi may explain some of the differences in their propensities to cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy E Coffin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Robert S Munson
- The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Bair
- Bioinformatics Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Timothy F Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eric D Foster
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A Apicella
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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28
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Dhouib R, Pg Othman DSM, Essilfie AT, Hansbro PM, Hanson JO, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Maturation of molybdoenzymes and its influence on the pathogenesis of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1219. [PMID: 26594204 PMCID: PMC4633490 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear molybdenum enzymes of the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) reductase family occur exclusively in prokaryotes, and a loss of some these enzymes has been linked to a loss of bacterial virulence in several cases. The MobA protein catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of the molybdenum guanine dinucleotide (MGD) cofactor that is exclusive to enzymes of the DMSO reductase family. MobA has been proposed as a potential target for control of virulence since its inhibition would affect the activities of all molybdoenzymes dependent upon MGD. Here, we have studied the phenotype of a mobA mutant of the host-adapted human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae. H. influenzae causes and contributes to a variety of acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, and several enzymes of the DMSO reductase family are conserved and highly expressed in this bacterium. The mobA mutation caused a significant decrease in the activities of all Mo-enzymes present, and also resulted in a small defect in anaerobic growth. However, we did not detect a defect in in vitro biofilm formation nor in invasion and adherence to human epithelial cells in tissue culture compared to the wild-type. In a murine in vivo model, the mobA mutant showed only a mild attenuation compared to the wild-type. In summary, our data show that MobA is essential for the activities of molybdenum enzymes, but does not appear to affect the fitness of H. influenzae. These results suggest that MobA is unlikely to be a useful target for antimicrobials, at least for the purpose of treating H. influenzae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb Dhouib
- Centre for Metals in Biology, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dk S M Pg Othman
- Centre for Metals in Biology, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ama-Tawiah Essilfie
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alastair G McEwan
- Centre for Metals in Biology, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- Centre for Metals in Biology, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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29
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Bhat TA, Panzica L, Kalathil SG, Thanavala Y. Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12 Suppl 2:S169-75. [PMID: 26595735 PMCID: PMC4722840 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201503-126aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic disease. Chronic inflammation is the hallmark of COPD, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the lung microenvironment. Cigarette smoke (CS) induces chronic lung inflammation and is considered a key etiological factor in the development and pathogenesis of COPD. Structural and inflammatory cells in the lung respond to CS exposure by releasing proinflammatory mediators that recruit additional inflammatory immune cells, which collectively contribute to the establishment of a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. Chronic inflammation contributes to lung damage, compromises innate and adaptive immune responses, and facilitates the recurrent episodes of respiratory infection that punctuate and further contribute to the pathological manifestations of the stable disease. A number of studies support the conclusion that immune dysfunction leads to exacerbations and disease severity in COPD. Our group has clearly demonstrated that CS exacerbates lung inflammation and compromises immunity to respiratory pathogens in a mouse model of COPD. We have also investigated the phenotype of immune cells in patients with COPD compared with healthy control subjects and found extensive immune dysfunction due to the presence and functional activity of T regulatory cells, CD4(+)PD-1(+) exhausted effector T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Manipulation of these immunosuppressive networks in COPD could provide a rational strategy to restore functional immune responses, reduce exacerbations, and improve lung function. In this review, we discuss the role of immune dysfunction in COPD that may contribute to recurrent respiratory infections and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Louis Panzica
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Roos AB, Sethi S, Nikota J, Wrona CT, Dorrington MG, Sandén C, Bauer CMT, Shen P, Bowdish D, Stevenson CS, Erjefält JS, Stampfli MR. IL-17A and the Promotion of Neutrophilia in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:428-37. [PMID: 26039632 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201409-1689oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). IL-17A is central for neutrophilic inflammation and has been linked to COPD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether IL-17A is elevated in NTHi-associated AECOPD and required for NTHi-exacerbated pulmonary neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke. METHODS Experimental studies with cigarette smoke and NTHi infection were pursued in gene-targeted mice and using antibody intervention. IL-17A was measured in sputum collected from patients with COPD at baseline, during, and after AECOPD. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Exacerbated airway neutrophilia in cigarette smoke-exposed mice infected with NTHi was associated with an induction of IL-17A. In agreement, elevated IL-17A was observed in sputum collected during NTHi-associated AECOPD, compared with samples collected before or after the event. NTHi-exacerbated neutrophilia and induction of neutrophil chemoattractants over the background of cigarette smoke, as observed in wild-type mice, was absent in Il17a(-/-) mice and in mice treated with a neutralizing anti-IL-17A antibody. Further studies revealed that IL-1 receptor (R)1 signaling was required for IL-17A-dependent neutrophilia. Moreover, deficiency or therapeutic neutralization of IL-17A did not increase bacterial burden or delay bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS IL-17A is induced during NTHi-associated AECOPD. Functionally, IL-1R1-dependent IL-17A is required for NTHi-exacerbated pulmonary neutrophilia induced by cigarette smoke. Targeting IL-17A in AECOPD may thus be beneficial to reduce neutrophil recruitment to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Roos
- 1 Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,2 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- 3 Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; and
| | | | - Catherine T Wrona
- 3 Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; and
| | | | - Caroline Sandén
- 1 Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carla M T Bauer
- 5 Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, DTA Inflammation, Nutley, New Jersey
| | - Pamela Shen
- 3 Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; and
| | - Dawn Bowdish
- 2 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre
| | - Christopher S Stevenson
- 5 Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, DTA Inflammation, Nutley, New Jersey
| | - Jonas S Erjefält
- 1 Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- 2 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre.,6 Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health at St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Whitby PW, Seale TW, Morton DJ, Stull TL. Antisera Against Certain Conserved Surface-Exposed Peptides of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Are Protective. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136867. [PMID: 26390432 PMCID: PMC4577129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) cause significant disease, including otitis media in children, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and invasive disease in susceptible populations. No vaccine is currently available to prevent NTHi disease. The interactions of NTHi and the human host are primarily mediated by lipooligosaccharide and a complex array of surface-exposed proteins (SEPs) that act as receptors, sensors and secretion systems. We hypothesized that certain SEPs are present in all NTHi strains and that a subset of these may be antibody accessible and represent protective epitopes. Initially we used 15 genomic sequences available in the GenBank database along with an additional 11 genomic sequences generated by ourselves to identify the core set of putative SEPs present in all strains. Using bioinformatics, 56 core SEPs were identified. Molecular modeling generated putative structures of the SEPs from which potential surface exposed regions were defined. Synthetic peptides corresponding to ten of these highly conserved surface-exposed regions were used to raise antisera in rats. These antisera were used to assess passive protection in the infant rat model of invasive NTHi infection. Five of the antisera were protective, thus demonstrating their in vivo antibody accessibility. These five peptide regions represent potential targets for peptide vaccine candidates to protect against NTHi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Whitby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas W. Seale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Terrence L. Stull
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Yan X, Yang M, Liu J, Gao R, Hu J, Li J, Zhang L, Shi Y, Guo H, Cheng J, Razi M, Pang S, Yu X, Hu S. Discovery and validation of potential bacterial biomarkers for lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:3111-3122. [PMID: 26693063 PMCID: PMC4656734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are residents in a number of body sites, including the oral and nasal cavities, which are connected to the lung via the pharynx. The associations between oral diseases and increased risk of lung cancer have been reported in previous prospective studies. In this study, we measured variations of salivary microbiota and evaluated their potential association with lung cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). A three-phase study was performed: First, we investigated the salivary microbiota from 20 lung cancer patients (10 SCC and 10 AC) and control subjects (n=10) using a deep sequencing analysis. Salivary Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Veillonella and Neisseria were found to be significantly altered in patients with SCC and AC when compared to that in control subjects. Second, we confirmed the significant changes of Capnocytophaga, Veillonella and Neisseria in the same lung cancer patients using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Finally, these bacterial species were further validated on new patient/control cohorts (n=56) with qPCR. The combination of two bacterial biomarkers, Capnocytophaga and Veillonella, yielded a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.86 with an 84.6% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity in distinguishing patients with SCC from control subjects and a ROC value of 0.80 with a 78.6% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity in distinguishing patients with AC from control subjects. In conclusion, we have for the first time demonstrated the association of saliva microbiota with lung cancer. Particularly, the combination of the 16S sequencing discovery with qPCR validation studies revealed that the levels of Capnocytophaga and Veillonella were significantly higher in the saliva from lung cancer patients, which may serve as potential biomarkers for the disease detection/classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Yan
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Mingxia Yang
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Ruichen Gao
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jiong Li
- School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yujia Shi
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Hongrong Guo
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jinluo Cheng
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Miriam Razi
- School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shen Pang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityChangzhou, 213003, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Croasdell A, Thatcher TH, Kottmann RM, Colas RA, Dalli J, Serhan CN, Sime PJ, Phipps RP. Resolvins attenuate inflammation and promote resolution in cigarette smoke-exposed human macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L888-901. [PMID: 26301452 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00125.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response to injury, but it can become chronic, leading to tissue damage and disease. Cigarette smoke causes multiple inflammatory diseases, which account for thousands of deaths and cost billions of dollars annually. Cigarette smoke disrupts the function of immune cells, such as macrophages, by prolonging inflammatory signaling, promoting oxidative stress, and impairing phagocytosis, contributing to increased incidence of infections. Recently, new families of lipid-derived mediators, "specialized proresolving mediators" (SPMs), were identified. SPMs play a critical role in the active resolution of inflammation by counterregulating proinflammatory signaling and promoting resolution pathways. We have identified dysregulated concentrations of lipid mediators in exhaled breath condensate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In human alveolar macrophages from COPD and non-COPD patients, D-series resolvins decreased inflammatory cytokines and enhanced phagocytosis. To further investigate the actions of resolvins on human cells, macrophages were differentiated from human blood monocytes and treated with D-series resolvins and then exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Resolvins significantly suppressed macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and lipid mediators. Resolvins also increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoted an M2 macrophage phenotype, and restored cigarette smoke-induced defects in phagocytosis, highlighting the proresolving functions of these molecules. These actions were receptor-dependent and involved modulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB expression, with the first evidence for SPM action on alternative NF-κB signaling. These data show that resolvins act on human macrophages to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory effects through proresolving mechanisms and provide new evidence of the therapeutic potential of SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Croasdell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - R Matthew Kottmann
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; and
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Siggins MK, Gill SK, Langford PR, Li Y, Ladhani SN, Tregoning JS. PHiD-CV induces anti-Protein D antibodies but does not augment pulmonary clearance of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in mice. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26212006 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently-licensed 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV; Synflorix, GSK) uses Protein D from Haemophilus influenzae as a carrier protein. PHiD-CV therefore has the potential to provide additional protection against nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). NTHi frequently causes respiratory tract infections and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and there is currently no vaccine. METHODS We developed mouse models of NTHi infection and influenza/NTHi superinfection. Mice were immunized with PHiD-CV, heat-killed NTHi, or a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine that did not contain Protein D (PCV13; Prevenar, Pfizer) and then infected intranasally with NTHi. RESULTS Infection with NTHi resulted in weight loss, inflammation and airway neutrophilia. In a superinfection model, prior infection with pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (strain A/England/195/2009) augmented NTHi infection severity, even with a lower bacterial challenge dose. Immunization with PHiD-CV produced high levels of antibodies that were specific against Protein D, but not heat-killed NTHi. Immunization with PHiD-CV led to a slight reduction in bacterial load, but no change in disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS PHiD-CV induced high levels of Protein D-specific antibodies, but did not augment pulmonary clearance of NTHi. We found no evidence to suggest that PHiD-CV will offer added benefit by preventing NTHi lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Siggins
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Simren K Gill
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Immunisation Department, Public Health England, Colindale, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's University of London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - John S Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection & Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK.
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Jungnickel C, Wonnenberg B, Karabiber O, Wolf A, Voss M, Wolf L, Honecker A, Kamyschnikow A, Herr C, Bals R, Beisswenger C. Cigarette smoke-induced disruption of pulmonary barrier and bacterial translocation drive tumor-associated inflammation and growth. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26209273 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00116.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have an important role in tumorgenesis by the induction of inflammation and by a direct impact on tumor cells. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer and microbial colonization. We asked whether bacterial pathogens act as tumor promoters during CS-induced pulmonary inflammation. In a metastatic lung cancer (LC) model, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were injected in mice to initiate the growth of tumors in the lung. Exposure to the combination of cigarette smoke (CS) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) synergistically increased metastatic growth. Lung levels of albumin and LDH, translocation of bacterial factors into tumor tissue, tumor inflammation, and tumor proliferation were significantly increased in mice exposed to CS in combination with NTHi. Bacterial pathogens increased the proliferation of cultured LLC cells and human cancer cell lines. Metastatic growth induced by the exposure to CS in combination with NTHi was reduced in mice deficient for IL-17. Our data provide evidence that CS-induced loss of pulmonary barrier integrity allows bacterial factors to translocate into tumor tissue and to regulate tumor-associated inflammation and tumor proliferation. Translocation of bacterial factors in tumor tissue links CS-induced inflammation with tumor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jungnickel
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - B Wonnenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - O Karabiber
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Voss
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - L Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Honecker
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Kamyschnikow
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - R Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Ho VP, Madbak F, Horng H, Sifri ZC, Mohr AM. Analysis of Hypoxemia in Early Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Secondary to Haemophilus in Trauma Patients. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:293-7. [PMID: 25894664 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2013.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus species bacteria (HSB) are known pathogens responsible for early pneumonia in intubated trauma patients. The primary goal of this study was to examine the incidence and extent of hypoxemia in intubated trauma patients who develop early ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) secondary to HSB. On the basis of our clinical experiences, we hypothesized that patients with Haemophilus species bacteria pneumonia (HSBP) would have a high rate of hypoxemia but that the effect would be transient. METHODS Retrospective review of intubated trauma patients from an urban level I trauma center with HSBP diagnosed by deep tracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage from April 2007 to November 2012. Collected variables included day of HSBP diagnosis; PaO2 to FIO2 ratio (P:F) at HSBP diagnosis as well as HSBP day three and HSBP day seven; injury severity score (ISS) and its component parts; admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score; and mortality. Hypoxemia was defined as P:F <200. χ(2) Tests were utilized to assess factors that differed between hypoxemic and non-hypoxemic patients; data are presented as median (interquartile range, IQR). RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were identified (80% male; age, 35 y [range, 24-49]; ISS 27 [9-59]). Diagnosis of HSBP occurred early (hospital day 4 [range, 3-5]). Forty-three percent of patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on HSBP day 1; this decreased to 26% on day three and to 30% on day seven. Forty patients (77%) had a tracheostomy performed. Patients with hypoxemia were significantly less likely to have a severe head injury (GCS<9), p<0.05. Patients with hypoxemia had similar hospital length of stay and mortality to patients who did not develop hypoxemia. CONCLUSION Haemophilus species bacteria pneumonia in trauma patients is associated with high rates of transient hypoxemia and a high tracheostomy rate, although subsequent outcomes are not affected. Patients with head injuries had a lower incidence of hypoxemia from pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa P Ho
- 1Department of Surgery, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York
| | - Firas Madbak
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Reading Health System, Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Helen Horng
- 3Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Ziad C Sifri
- 3Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- 4Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Voss M, Wonnenberg B, Honecker A, Kamyschnikow A, Herr C, Bischoff M, Tschernig T, Bals R, Beisswenger C. Cigarette smoke-promoted acquisition of bacterial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract leads to enhanced inflammation in mice. Respir Res 2015; 16:41. [PMID: 25890119 PMCID: PMC4395896 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial colonization and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract contribute to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is evidence that exacerbations of COPD are provoked by new bacterial strains acquired from the environment. Using a murine model of colonization, we examined whether chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) promotes nasopharyngeal colonization with typical lung pathogens and whether colonization is linked to inflammation in the respiratory tract. METHODS C57BL/6 N mice were chronically exposed to CS. The upper airways of mice were colonized with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacterial colonization was determined in the upper respiratory tract and lung tissue. Inflammatory cells and cytokines were determined in lavage fluids. RT-PCR was performed for inflammatory mediators. RESULTS Chronic CS exposure resulted in significantly increased numbers of viable NTHi in the upper airways, whereas NTHi only marginally colonized air-exposed mice. Colonization with S. pneumoniae was enhanced in the upper respiratory tract of CS-exposed mice and was accompanied by increased translocation of S. pneumoniae into the lung. Bacterial colonization levels were associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators and the number of immune cells in lavage fluids of the upper respiratory tract and the lung. Phagocytosis activity was reduced in whole blood granulocytes and monocytes of CS-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that exposure to CS impacts the ability of the host to control bacterial colonization of the upper airways, resulting in enhanced inflammation and susceptibility of the host to pathogens migrating into the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Voss
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Bodo Wonnenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Anja Honecker
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kamyschnikow
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Obaid NA, Jacobson GA, Tristram S. Relationship between clinical site of isolation and ability to form biofilms in vitro in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:243-5. [PMID: 25706230 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a range of infections, including various lower respiratory infections, otitis media, and conjunctivitis. There is some debate as to whether or not NTHi produces biofilms and, if so, whether or not this is relevant to pathogenesis. Although many studies have examined the association between in vitro biofilm formation and isolates from a specific infection type, few have made comparisons from isolates from a broad range of isolates grouped by clinical source. In our study 50 NTHi from different clinical sources, otitis media, conjunctivitis, lower respiratory tract infections in both cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients, and nasopharyngeal carriage, plus 10 nasopharyngeal isolates of the commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus were tested for the ability to form biofilm by using a static microtitre plate crystal violet assay. A high degree of variation in biofilm forming ability was observed across all isolates, with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups, with the exception of the isolates from conjunctivitis. These isolates had uniformly lower biofilm forming ability compared with isolates from the other groups (p < 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Obaid
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, 7005, Tasmania, Australia
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Kathania M, Zeng M, Yadav VN, Moghaddam SJ, Yang B, Venuprasad K. Ndfip1 regulates itch ligase activity and airway inflammation via UbcH7. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2160-7. [PMID: 25632008 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-ligating enzyme (E3) Itch plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, and Itch deficiency leads to severe airway inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Itch function is regulated remain elusive. In this study, we found that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae induces the association of Itch with Ndfip1. Both Itch(-/-) and Ndfip1(-/-) mice exhibited severe airway inflammation in response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenza, which was associated with elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Ndfip1 enhanced Itch ligase activity and facilitated Itch-mediated Tak1 ubiquitination. Mechanistically, Ndfip1 facilitated recruitment of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) UbcH7 to Itch. The N-terminal region of Ndfip1 binds to UbcH7, whereas the PY motif binds to Itch. Hence, Ndfip1 acts as an adaptor for UbcH7 and Itch. Reconstitution of full-length Ndfip1 but not the mutants that fail to interact with either UbcH7 or Itch, restored the defect in Tak1 ubiquitination and inhibited elevated proinflammatory cytokine expression by Ndfip1(-/-) cells. These results provide new mechanistic insights into how Itch function is regulated during inflammatory signaling, which could be exploited therapeutically in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kathania
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Minghui Zeng
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204
| | - Viveka Nand Yadav
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Baoli Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - K Venuprasad
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204;
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Post DMB, Held JM, Ketterer MR, Phillips NJ, Sahu A, Apicella MA, Gibson BW. Comparative analyses of proteins from Haemophilus influenzae biofilm and planktonic populations using metabolic labeling and mass spectrometry. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:329. [PMID: 25551439 PMCID: PMC4302520 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) is a nasopharyngeal commensal that can become an opportunistic pathogen causing infections such as otitis media, pneumonia, and bronchitis. NTHi is known to form biofilms. Resistance of bacterial biofilms to clearance by host defense mechanisms and antibiotic treatments is well-established. In the current study, we used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to compare the proteomic profiles of NTHi biofilm and planktonic organisms. Duplicate continuous-flow growth chambers containing defined media with either “light” (L) isoleucine or “heavy” (H) 13C6-labeled isoleucine were used to grow planktonic (L) and biofilm (H) samples, respectively. Bacteria were removed from the chambers, mixed based on weight, and protein extracts were generated. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on the tryptic peptides and 814 unique proteins were identified with 99% confidence. Results Comparisons of the NTHi biofilm to planktonic samples demonstrated that 127 proteins showed differential expression with p-values ≤0.05. Pathway analysis demonstrated that proteins involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and purine, pyrimidine, nucleoside, and nucleotide processes showed a general trend of downregulation in the biofilm compared to planktonic organisms. Conversely, proteins involved in transcription, DNA metabolism, and fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism showed a general trend of upregulation under biofilm conditions. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS was used to validate a subset of these proteins; among these were aerobic respiration control protein ArcA, NAD nucleotidase and heme-binding protein A. Conclusions The present proteomic study indicates that the NTHi biofilm exists in a semi-dormant state with decreased energy metabolism and protein synthesis yet is still capable of managing oxidative stress and in acquiring necessary cofactors important for biofilm survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0329-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M B Post
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Jason M Held
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | | | - Nancy J Phillips
- The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Alexandria Sahu
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | | | - Bradford W Gibson
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA. .,The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Understanding nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2014; 20:159-64. [PMID: 24441573 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bacteria are frequently implicated in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their influence on airway inflammation remains unclear. This review will focus on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), its impact on host immune responses, and the potential for vaccination strategies in COPD. RECENT FINDINGS NTHi is associated with impaired immune function in patients with COPD. Features of the bacterium itself potentiate its ability to colonize the lower airways. An imbalance between bacterial load and host immunity may lend itself to the development of exacerbations. Oral immunotherapy may be a method of augmenting the host immune response and could provide protection from exacerbations. SUMMARY A causal link between NTHi and COPD exacerbations has not been clearly established. However, colonization of the lower airways by NTHi likely plays a significant role in the inflammatory state of COPD.
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Dectin-1 is expressed in human lung and mediates the proinflammatory immune response to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. mBio 2014; 5:e01492-14. [PMID: 25161190 PMCID: PMC4173778 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01492-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 is expressed mainly on myeloid cells mediating the immune response targeting respiratory pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pulmonary epithelium serves as an important interface for interactions between these pathogens and the respiratory tract. Therefore, we analyzed the expression pattern of Dectin-1 in the human lung. Immunohistochemically stained human lung sections from 17 out of 19 individuals were positive for Dectin-1, which was expressed mainly apically on bronchial and alveolar epithelium. Our results showed no correlation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or the smoking habits of the patients. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI), an important bacterial pathogen of the respiratory tract with significant importance in COPD, has also been proposed to be recognized by Dectin-1, suggesting a possible impact on the NTHI-dependent immune response in human airways. Therefore, the involvement of Dectin-1 in NTHI-triggered cytokine responses was investigated in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and in the A549 cell line stably transfected with Dectin-1. The presence of Dectin-1 significantly increased cytokine release in response to NTHI in NHBE and A549 cells. In addition, phosphorylation of the Dectin-1 hem-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (hemITAM) was essential for the Dectin-1-triggered response to NTHI in A549 cells. In conclusion, in human airways, epithelium-expressed Dectin-1 may play a significant role in generating an NTHI-mediated, proinflammatory immune response. IMPORTANCE In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, the expression of Dectin-1 on human lung tissues and, in particular, pulmonary epithelium by making use of immunohistochemical staining. The epithelial lining of the human airways is an important interface for host-pathogen interactions. Therefore, our data suggest that epithelium-expressed Dectin-1 is of considerable importance for the interaction of the human airways with pathogens detected by this receptor, such as A. fumigatus and M. tuberculosis. Moreover, we further demonstrated that, in pulmonary epithelial cells, Dectin-1 enhances the proinflammatory immune response to NTHI. In COPD patients, NTHI is a major cause of respiratory tract infections and is associated with proinflammatory immune responses in the lower airways. Therefore, our data suggest that the functional interaction of Dectin-1 with NTHI in human airways may have an important impact on the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Wu S, Baum MM, Kerwin J, Guerrero D, Webster S, Schaudinn C, VanderVelde D, Webster P. Biofilm-specific extracellular matrix proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:143-60. [PMID: 24942343 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a human respiratory tract pathogen, can form colony biofilms in vitro. Bacterial cells and the amorphous extracellular matrix (ECM) constituting the biofilm can be separated using sonication. The ECM from 24- and 96-h NTHi biofilms contained polysaccharides and proteinaceous components as detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. More conventional chemical assays on the biofilm ECM confirmed the presence of these components and also DNA. Proteomics revealed eighteen proteins present in biofilm ECM that were not detected in planktonic bacteria. One ECM protein was unique to 24-h biofilms, two were found only in 96-h biofilms, and fifteen were present in the ECM of both 24- and 96-h NTHi biofilms. All proteins identified were either associated with bacterial membranes or cytoplasmic proteins. Immunocytochemistry showed two of the identified proteins, a DNA-directed RNA polymerase and the outer membrane protein OMP P2, associated with bacteria and biofilm ECM. Identification of biofilm-specific proteins present in immature biofilms is an important step in understanding the in vitro process of NTHi biofilm formation. The presence of a cytoplasmic protein and a membrane protein in the biofilm ECM of immature NTHi biofilms suggests that bacterial cell lysis may be a feature of early biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Wu
- Bioenergy/GTL & Structural Biology Department, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Wu S, Li X, Gunawardana M, Maguire K, Guerrero-Given D, Schaudinn C, Wang C, Baum MM, Webster P. Beta- lactam antibiotics stimulate biofilm formation in non-typeable haemophilus influenzae by up-regulating carbohydrate metabolism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99204. [PMID: 25007395 PMCID: PMC4090067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common acute otitis media pathogen, with an incidence that is increased by previous antibiotic treatment. NTHi is also an emerging causative agent of other chronic infections in humans, some linked to morbidity, and all of which impose substantial treatment costs. In this study we explore the possibility that antibiotic exposure may stimulate biofilm formation by NTHi bacteria. We discovered that sub-inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotic (i.e., amounts that partially inhibit bacterial growth) stimulated the biofilm-forming ability of NTHi strains, an effect that was strain and antibiotic dependent. When exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics NTHi strains produced tightly packed biofilms with decreased numbers of culturable bacteria but increased biomass. The ratio of protein per unit weight of biofilm decreased as a result of antibiotic exposure. Antibiotic-stimulated biofilms had altered ultrastructure, and genes involved in glycogen production and transporter function were up regulated in response to antibiotic exposure. Down-regulated genes were linked to multiple metabolic processes but not those involved in stress response. Antibiotic-stimulated biofilm bacteria were more resistant to a lethal dose (10 µg/mL) of cefuroxime. Our results suggest that beta-lactam antibiotic exposure may act as a signaling molecule that promotes transformation into the biofilm phenotype. Loss of viable bacteria, increase in biofilm biomass and decreased protein production coupled with a concomitant up-regulation of genes involved with glycogen production might result in a biofilm of sessile, metabolically inactive bacteria sustained by stored glycogen. These biofilms may protect surviving bacteria from subsequent antibiotic challenges, and act as a reservoir of viable bacteria once antibiotic exposure has ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Wu
- Life Sciences Division, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, ApolloGen Inc., Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Manjula Gunawardana
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Maguire
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics and Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Marc M. Baum
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Webster
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Tran HB, Ahern J, Hodge G, Holt P, Dean MM, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. Oxidative stress decreases functional airway mannose binding lectin in COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98571. [PMID: 24901869 PMCID: PMC4047017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously established that a defect in the ability of alveolar macrophages (AM) to phagocytose apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) and pathogens is a potential therapeutic target in COPD. We further showed that levels of mannose binding lectin (MBL; required for effective macrophage phagocytic function) were reduced in the airways but not circulation of COPD patients. We hypothesized that increased oxidative stress in the airway could be a cause for such disturbances. We therefore studied the effects of oxidation on the structure of the MBL molecule and its functional interactions with macrophages. Oligomeric structure of plasma derived MBL (pdMBL) before and after oxidation (oxMBL) with 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochroride (AAPH) was investigated by blue native PAGE. Macrophage function in the presence of pd/oxMBL was assessed by measuring efferocytosis, phagocytosis of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and expression of macrophage scavenger receptors. Oxidation disrupted higher order MBL oligomers. This was associated with changed macrophage function evident by a significantly reduced capacity to phagocytose apoptotic cells and NTHi in the presence of oxMBL vs pdMBL (eg, NTHi by 55.9 and 27.0% respectively). Interestingly, oxidation of MBL significantly reduced macrophage phagocytic ability to below control levels. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence revealed a significant increase in expression of macrophage scavenger receptor (SRA1) in the presence of pdMBL that was abrogated in the presence of oxMBL. We show the pulmonary macrophage dysfunction in COPD may at least partially result from an oxidative stress-induced effect on MBL, and identify a further potential therapeutic strategy for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai B. Tran
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Ahern
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip Holt
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda M. Dean
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Deknuydt F, Nordström T, Riesbeck K. Diversion of the host humoral response: a novel virulence mechanism ofHaemophilus influenzaemediated via outer membrane vesicles. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:983-91. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1013527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Genome sequencing of disease and carriage isolates of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae identifies discrete population structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5439-44. [PMID: 24706866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403353111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main hurdles for the development of an effective and broadly protective vaccine against nonencapsulated isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) lies in the genetic diversity of the species, which renders extremely difficult the identification of cross-protective candidate antigens. To assess whether a population structure of NTHi could be defined, we performed genome sequencing of a collection of diverse clinical isolates representative of both carriage and disease and of the diversity of the natural population. Analysis of the distribution of polymorphic sites in the core genome and of the composition of the accessory genome defined distinct evolutionary clades and supported a predominantly clonal evolution of NTHi, with the majority of genetic information transmitted vertically within lineages. A correlation between the population structure and the presence of selected surface-associated proteins and lipooligosaccharide structure, known to contribute to virulence, was found. This high-resolution, genome-based population structure of NTHi provides the foundation to obtain a better understanding, of NTHi adaptation to the host as well as its commensal and virulence behavior, that could facilitate intervention strategies against disease caused by this important human pathogen.
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Othman DSMP, Schirra H, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Metabolic versatility in Haemophilus influenzae: a metabolomic and genomic analysis. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:69. [PMID: 24624122 PMCID: PMC3941224 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a host adapted human pathogen known to contribute to a variety of acute and chronic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as the middle ear. At the sites of infection as well as during growth as a commensal the environmental conditions encountered by H. influenzae will vary significantly, especially in terms of oxygen availability, however, the mechanisms by which the bacteria can adapt their metabolism to cope with such changes have not been studied in detail. Using targeted metabolomics the spectrum of metabolites produced during growth of H. influenzae on glucose in RPMI-based medium was found to change from acetate as the main product during aerobic growth to formate as the major product during anaerobic growth. This change in end-product is likely caused by a switch in the major route of pyruvate degradation. Neither lactate nor succinate or fumarate were major products of H. influenzae growth under any condition studied. Gene expression studies and enzyme activity data revealed that despite an identical genetic makeup and very similar metabolite production profiles, H. influenzae strain Rd appeared to favor glucose degradation via the pentose phosphate pathway, while strain 2019, a clinical isolate, showed higher expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis. Components of the respiratory chain were most highly expressed during microaerophilic and anaerobic growth in both strains, but again clear differences existed in the expression of genes associated e.g., with NADH oxidation, nitrate and nitrite reduction in the two strains studied. Together our results indicate that H. influenzae uses a specialized type of metabolism that could be termed “respiration assisted fermentation” where the respiratory chain likely serves to alleviate redox imbalances caused by incomplete glucose oxidation, and at the same time provides a means of converting a variety of compounds including nitrite and nitrate that arise as part of the host defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horst Schirra
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alastair G McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Klaile E, Klassert TE, Scheffrahn I, Müller MM, Heinrich A, Heyl KA, Dienemann H, Grünewald C, Bals R, Singer BB, Slevogt H. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules are co-expressed in the human lung and their expression can be modulated in bronchial epithelial cells by non-typable Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, TLR3, and type I and II interferons. Respir Res 2013; 14:85. [PMID: 23941132 PMCID: PMC3765474 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules CEACAM1 (BGP, CD66a), CEACAM5 (CEA, CD66e) and CEACAM6 (NCA, CD66c) are expressed in human lung. They play a role in innate and adaptive immunity and are targets for various bacterial and viral adhesins. Two pathogens that colonize the normally sterile lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) and Moraxella catarrhalis. Both pathogens bind to CEACAMs and elicit a variety of cellular reactions, including bacterial internalization, cell adhesion and apoptosis. Methods To analyze the (co-) expression of CEACAM1, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 in different lung tissues with respect to COPD, smoking status and granulocyte infiltration, immunohistochemically stained paraffin sections of 19 donors were studied. To address short-term effects of cigarette smoke and acute inflammation, transcriptional regulation of CEACAM5, CEACAM6 and different CEACAM1 isoforms by cigarette smoke extract, interferons, Toll-like receptor agonists, and bacteria was tested in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells by quantitative PCR. Corresponding CEACAM protein levels were determined by flow cytometry. Results Immunohistochemical analysis of lung sections showed the most frequent and intense staining for CEACAM1, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 in bronchial and alveolar epithelium, but revealed no significant differences in connection with COPD, smoking status and granulocyte infiltration. In NHBE cells, mRNA expression of CEACAM1 isoforms CEACAM1-4L, CEACAM1-4S, CEACAM1-3L and CEACAM1-3S were up-regulated by interferons alpha, beta and gamma, as well as the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Interferon-gamma also increased CEACAM5 expression. These results were confirmed on protein level by FACS analysis. Importantly, also NTHI and M. catarrhalis increased CEACAM1 mRNA levels. This effect was independent of the ability to bind to CEACAM1. The expression of CEACAM6 was not affected by any treatment or bacterial infection. Conclusions While we did not find a direct correlation between CEACAM1 expression and COPD, the COPD-associated bacteria NTHi and M. catarrhalis were able to increase the expression of their own receptor on host cells. Further, the data suggest a role for CEACAM1 and CEACAM5 in the phenomenon of increased host susceptibility to bacterial infection upon viral challenge in the human respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Klaile
- Septomics, Research Centre of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, the Jena University Hospital and the Leibniz-Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced signaling events relevant to inflammation and tumorigenesis in lung cells are dependent on molecular structure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65150. [PMID: 23755184 PMCID: PMC3670909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental and occupational toxicants, which are a major human health concern in the U.S. and abroad. Previous research has focused on the genotoxic events caused by high molecular weight PAHs, but not on non-genotoxic events elicited by low molecular weight PAHs. We used an isomeric pair of low molecular weight PAHs, namely 1-Methylanthracene (1-MeA) and 2-Methylanthracene (2-MeA), in which only 1-MeA possessed a bay-like region, and hypothesized that 1-MeA, but not 2-MeA, would affect non-genotoxic endpoints relevant to tumor promotion in murine C10 lung cells, a non-tumorigenic type II alveolar pneumocyte and progenitor cell type of lung adenocarcinoma. The non-genotoxic endpoints assessed were dysregulation of gap junction intercellular communication function and changes in the major pulmonary connexin protein, connexin 43, using fluorescent redistribution and immunoblots, activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) using phosphospecific MAPK antibodies for immunoblots, and induction of inflammatory genes using quantitative RT-PCR. 2-MeA had no effect on any of the endpoints, but 1-MeA dysregulated gap junctional communication in a dose and time dependent manner, reduced connexin 43 protein expression, and altered membrane localization. 1-MeA also activated ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. Inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase 2, and chemokine ligand 2 (macrophage chemoattractant 2), were also upregulated in response to 1-MeA only. These results indicate a possible structure-activity relationship of these low molecular weight PAHs relevant to non-genotoxic endpoints of the promoting aspects of cancer. Therefore, our novel findings may improve the ability to predict outcomes for future studies with additional toxicants and mixtures, identify novel targets for biomarkers and chemotherapeutics, and have possible implications for future risk assessment for these PAHs.
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