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Wang K, Gao X, Yang H, Tian H, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Transcriptome analysis on pulmonary inflammation between periodontitis and COPD. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28828. [PMID: 38601631 PMCID: PMC11004760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the perspective of gene regulation, as well as the inflammatory pathways involved. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, chronic periodontitis (CP) group, COPD group, and CP&COPD group. Lung tissue samples were selected for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequencing analysis, and differential genes were screened out. Gene enrichment analysis was carried out, and then crosstalk gene enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the pathogenesis related to periodontal disease and COPD. Results Results of enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the CP group were concentrated in response to bacterial origin molecules. The DEGs in the COPD group gene were enriched in positive regulation of B cell activation. The DEGs in the CP&COPD group were concentrated in neutrophil extravasation and neutrophil migration. The mice in the three experimental groups had 19 crosstalk genes, five of which were key genes. Conclusions Lcn2, S100a8, S100a9, Irg1, Clec4d are potential crossover genes of periodontal disease and COPD. Lcn2, S100a8, S100a9 are correlated with neutrophils in both diseases. Irg1 and Clec4d may bind to receptors on the surface of lymphocytes to produce cytokines and activate inflammatory pathways, this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing You 'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjia Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Tian
- Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Fukuda K, Matsuzaki H, Hiraishi Y, Miyashita N, Ishii T, Yuki M, Isago H, Tamiya H, Mitani A, Saito A, Jo T, Nagase T. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Japanese Herbal Medicine Hochuekkito in a Mouse Model of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmacology 2024; 109:121-126. [PMID: 38346407 PMCID: PMC11008713 DOI: 10.1159/000536348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The traditional Japanese herbal medicine hochuekkito (TJ-41) has been reported to ameliorate systemic inflammation and malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TJ-41 has also been known to have preventive effects against influenza virus infection. However, its role in the acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) remains to be elucidated. Our previous study established a murine model of viral infection-associated AECOPD that was induced by intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Here, we used this model and investigated the effects of TJ-41 in AECOPD. METHODS Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J mice were used. A COPD model was induced by treating mice intratracheally with PPE on day 0. To generate the murine model of AECOPD, poly(I:C) was administered intratracheally following PPE treatment on days 22-24. Mice were sacrificed and analyzed on day 25. Mice were fed a diet containing 2% TJ-41 or a control diet. RESULTS Daily oral intake of TJ-41 significantly decreased the numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which was accompanied by decreased transcripts of CXC chemokines involved in neutrophil migration, viz., Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, in whole lung homogenates and reduced Cxcl2 concentration in BALF. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effects of TJ-41 in a mouse model of AECOPD, suggesting the effectiveness of TJ-41 for the management of COPD. Clinical investigations evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of TJ-41 in AECOPD would be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Isago
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Meng D, Dong H, Wang C, Zang R, Wang J. Role of interleukin‑32 in cancer progression (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:54. [PMID: 38192653 PMCID: PMC10773214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, it can promote inflammatory responses. The present review article summarized the role of the receptors required for IL-32 action, the biological function of IL-32 and its mechanism of action in tumors. Moreover, it assessed the significance of aberrant IL-32 expression in associated diseases and analyzed the effects of IL-32 on four key types of cancer: Colorectal, gastric, breast and lung. However, the mechanism of action of IL-32 needs to be further demonstrated by assessing the role of this cytokine in cancer to elucidate novel and reliable targets for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Chennan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Rongjia Zang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Zhang M, Wang S, Guan Q, Wang J, Yan B, Zhang L, Li D. A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study investigating the relationship between genetically predicted systemic inflammatory regulators and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24109. [PMID: 38268600 PMCID: PMC10806290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research has shown a connection between inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however the relationship between inflammation mediators and COPD causation remains unknown. To investigate the causal relationship of mediators of inflammation and COPD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. In our study, we incorporated 41 regulators of inflammation from 8293 Finnish individuals from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of COPD corresponding to GWAS summary data for 2115 cases and 454,233 healthy individuals in Europe. Our research validated that higher levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) are related with a decrease occurrence of COPD (OR = 0.795, 95 % CI = 0.642-0.984, p = 0.035) but that elevated levels of interleukin 18(IL-18) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) may be connected to an amplified risk of COPD (OR = 1.247, 95 % CI = 1.011-1.538; p = 0.039; OR = 1.257, 95 % CI = 1.037-1.523, p = 0.020, respectively). According to our research, cytokines play a crucial role in the development of COPD, and further investigation is necessary to explore the potential of utilizing these cytokines as targets for treatment and prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qingtian Guan
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianglong Wang
- First Operating Room, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bailing Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Zhang W, Zhao J, Deng L, Ishimwe N, Pauli J, Wu W, Shan S, Kempf W, Ballantyne MD, Kim D, Lyu Q, Bennett M, Rodor J, Turner AW, Lu YW, Gao P, Choi M, Warthi G, Kim HW, Barroso MM, Bryant WB, Miller CL, Weintraub NL, Maegdefessel L, Miano JM, Baker AH, Long X. INKILN is a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Promoting Vascular Smooth Muscle Inflammation via Scaffolding MKL1 and USP10. Circulation 2023; 148:47-67. [PMID: 37199168 PMCID: PMC10330325 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.063760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) inflammation is vital to initiate vascular disease. The role of human-specific long noncoding RNAs in VSMC inflammation is poorly understood. METHODS Bulk RNA sequencing in differentiated human VSMCs revealed a novel human-specific long noncoding RNA called inflammatory MKL1 (megakaryoblastic leukemia 1) interacting long noncoding RNA (INKILN). INKILN expression was assessed in multiple in vitro and ex vivo models of VSMC phenotypic modulation as well as human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The transcriptional regulation of INKILN was verified through luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies and multiple RNA-protein and protein-protein interaction assays were used to uncover a mechanistic role of INKILN in the VSMC proinflammatory gene program. Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice were used to study INKILN expression and function in ligation injury-induced neointimal formation. RESULTS INKILN expression is downregulated in contractile VSMCs and induced in human atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. INKILN is transcriptionally activated by the p65 pathway, partially through a predicted NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) site within its proximal promoter. INKILN activates proinflammatory gene expression in cultured human VSMCs and ex vivo cultured vessels. INKILN physically interacts with and stabilizes MKL1, a key activator of VSMC inflammation through the p65/NF-κB pathway. INKILN depletion blocks interleukin-1β-induced nuclear localization of both p65 and MKL1. Knockdown of INKILN abolishes the physical interaction between p65 and MKL1 and the luciferase activity of an NF-κB reporter. Furthermore, INKILN knockdown enhances MKL1 ubiquitination through reduced physical interaction with the deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 (ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10). INKILN is induced in injured carotid arteries and exacerbates ligation injury-induced neointimal formation in bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate an important pathway of VSMC inflammation involving an INKILN/MKL1/USP10 regulatory axis. Human bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice offer a novel and physiologically relevant approach for investigating human-specific long noncoding RNAs under vascular disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jinjing Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lin Deng
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Nestor Ishimwe
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Shengshuai Shan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kempf
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | | | - David Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Qing Lyu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Julie Rodor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Adam W. Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yao Wei Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Mihyun Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ganesh Warthi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Margarida M Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - William B. Bryant
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neal L. Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site Munich), Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Cazzola M, Hanania NA, Page CP, Matera MG. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Approaches to COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1333-1352. [PMID: 37408603 PMCID: PMC10318108 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s419056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation, driven by different types of inflammatory cells and mediators, plays a fundamental role in COPD and its progression. Neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are key players in this process, although the extent of their participation varies according to the patient's endotype. Anti-inflammatory medications may modify the natural history and progression of COPD. However, since airway inflammation in COPD is relatively resistant to corticosteroid therapy, innovative pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are required. The heterogeneity of inflammatory cells and mediators in annethe different COPD endo-phenotypes requires the development of specific pharmacologic agents. Indeed, over the past two decades, several mechanisms that influence the influx and/or activity of inflammatory cells in the airways and lung parenchyma have been identified. Several of these molecules have been tested in vitro models and in vivo in laboratory animals, but only a few have been studied in humans. Although early studies have not been encouraging, useful information emerged suggesting that some of these agents may need to be further tested in specific subgroups of patients, hopefully leading to a more personalized approach to treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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7
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Cazzola M, Ora J, Rogliani P. Biologic therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:163-173. [PMID: 36527286 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by a complicated chronic inflammatory response that is resistant to corticosteroid therapy. As a result, there is a critical need for effective anti-inflammatory medications to treat people with COPD. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to inhibit cytokines and chemokines or their receptors could be a potential approach to treating the inflammatory component of COPD. AREAS COVERED The therapeutic potential that some of these mAbs might have in COPD is reviewed. EXPERT OPINION No mAb directed against cytokines or chemokines has shown any therapeutic impact in COPD patients, apart from mAbs targeting the IL-5 pathway that appear to have statistically significant, albeit weak, effect in patients with eosinophilic COPD. This may reflect the complexity of COPD, in which no single cytokine or chemokine has a dominant role. Because the umbrella term COPD encompasses several endotypes with diverse underlying processes, mAbs targeting specific cytokines or chemokines should most likely be evaluated in limited and focused populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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杨 红, 张 正, 王 左. [The Relationship Between Oral Microbiota and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:54-60. [PMID: 36647643 PMCID: PMC10409024 DOI: 10.12182/20230160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral microbiota have a complex impact on the host's health and disease states. It has been found that the composition of lung flora bears a striking resemblance to the composition of oral flora. Moreover, oral pathogenic bacteria have been detected in the sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggesting that oral microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of COPD. Findings from lots of studies have shown that oral microbiota may participate in the pathogenesis and development of COPD through non-specific immune response, specific immune response, and the activities of protein hydrolase. Herein, we mainly summarized the available evidence on the relationship between oral microbiota and COPD. By examining the relationship between the two, we elaborated on the application of oral microbiota in the diagnosis and prevention of COPD, discussed possible directions for future research, and provided references for developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- 红嘉 杨
- 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 口腔科 (北京 100020)Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - 正 张
- 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 口腔科 (北京 100020)Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
- 天津市口腔医院 南开大学医学院 (天津 300041)Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - 左敏 王
- 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院 口腔科 (北京 100020)Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Polat DÇ, İlgün S, Karatoprak GŞ, Akkol EK, Capasso R. Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Traditional Medicinal Plants: Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238249. [PMID: 36500342 PMCID: PMC9735548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Centaurea pichleri subsp. pichleri, Conyza canadensis, and Jasminum fruticans are traditionally used plants grown in Turkey. Methanol extracts were obtained from these plants and pharmacological activity studies and phytochemical analyses were carried out. To evaluate the phytochemical composition, spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were used. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH●, ABTS●+ radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were investigated on DU145 prostate cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were investigated on the NO amount, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and PGE 2 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. The richest extract in terms of phenolic compounds (98.19 ± 1.64 mgGAE/gextract) and total flavonoids (21.85 ± 0.64 mgCA/gextract) was identified as C. pichleri subsp. pichleri methanol extract. According to antioxidant activity determinations, the C. pichleri subsp. pichleri extract was found to be the most active extract. Finally, the C. pichleri subsp. pichleri methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective inhibitor of viability in the cytotoxic activity investigation, and the extract with the best anti-inflammatory action. The findings point to C. pichleri subsp. pichleri as a promising source of bioactive compounds in the transition from natural sources to industrial uses, such as new medications, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Çiçek Polat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara 06330, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (R.C.); Tel.: +90-0312-202-3185 (E.K.A.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (R.C.); Tel.: +90-0312-202-3185 (E.K.A.)
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10
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Tian M, Xia P, Yan L, Gou X, Giesy JP, Dai J, Yu H, Zhang X. Toxicological Mechanism of Individual Susceptibility to Formaldehyde-Induced Respiratory Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6511-6524. [PMID: 35438505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of individual susceptibility to exposure to environmental pollutants has been a challenge in health risk assessment. Here, an integrated approach combining a CRISPR screen in human cells and epidemiological analysis was developed to identify the individual susceptibility to the adverse health effects of air pollutants by taking formaldehyde (FA) and the associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a case study. Among the primary hits of CRISPR screening of FA in human A549 cells, HTR4 was the only gene genetically associated with COPD susceptibility in global populations. However, the association between HTR4 and FA-induced respiratory toxicity is unknown in the literature. Adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network analysis of CRISPR screen hits provided a potential mechanistic link between activation of HTR4 (molecular initiating event) and FA-induced lung injury (adverse outcome). Systematic toxicology tests (in vitro and animal experiments) were conducted to reveal the HTR4-involved biological mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to adverse health effects of FA. Functionality and enhanced expression of HTR4 were required for susceptibility to FA-induced lung injury, and FA-induced epigenetic changes could result in enhanced expression of HTR4. Specific epigenetic and genetic characteristics of HTR4 were associated with the progression and prevalence of COPD, respectively, and these genetic risk factors for COPD could be potential biomarkers of individual susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of FA. These biomarkers could be of great significance for defining subpopulations susceptible to exposure to FA and reducing uncertainty in the next-generation health risk assessment of air pollutants. Our study delineated a novel toxicological pathway mediated by HTR4 in FA-induced lung injury, which could provide a mechanistic understanding of the potential biomarkers of individual susceptibility to adverse respiratory effects of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatoon SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1129 Farm Lane Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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11
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Peng Y, Cheng W, Duan J, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhou A, Deng M, Peng H, Ouyang R, Chen Y, Chen P. Prohibitin Protects Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells Against Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:653-665. [PMID: 35378837 PMCID: PMC8976484 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s345058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prohibitin has been identified to play roles in cell survival and apoptosis. Here, this study aimed to clarify the role of prohibitin in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Methods The protein level of prohibitin was assessed by Western blot in lung tissues from emphysema and control mice. CSE-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMECs) were applied to mimic smoke-related cell apoptosis in vitro. Prohibitin was overexpressed in hPMECs with or without CSE. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by JC-1 staining and ATP assay kits. Oxidative stress was assessed by flow cytometry, fluorescence staining and immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, Western blot and caspase-3 activity assays. In addition, the expression of inflammatory markers was assessed by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The secretion of inflammatory cytokines was measured by ELISA. Results Prohibitin was downregulated in emphysema mouse tissues compared with control experiments. Consistently, CSE inhibited both the protein and RNA levels of prohibitin in hPMECs in a dose-dependent manner. Gain-of-function experiments indicated that CSE induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and loss of ATP, while prohibitin improved mitochondrial function. CSE induced robust ROS production and oxidative DNA damage, while prohibitin decreased this damage. Upregulation of prohibitin protected the apoptosis of hPMECs from CSE. Overexpression of prohibitin significantly reduced the levels of the main proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, prohibitin inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 accumulation and IκBα degradation induced by CSE. Conclusion The current findings suggest that CSE-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammation in hPMECs were reduced by overexpression of prohibitin. We identified prohibitin as a novel regulator of endothelial cell apoptosis and survival in the context of CSE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minhua Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ping Chen, Email
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12
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Pulmonary disease and periodontal health: a meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 2022; 26:1857-1868. [PMID: 35122603 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has shown a positive relationship between pulmonary and periodontal disease. However, the relationship remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between pulmonary disease and periodontal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Citation Index, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for all the relevant studies of relationship between pulmonary disease and periodontal health. Weighted mean difference (WMD)/odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed a significant association between pulmonary and periodontal disease (adjusted OR, 1.93; 95%CI: 1.60-2.33; P < 0.05), and pooled adjusted OR was 1.64, 3.03, and 2.21 in COPD, asthma, and pneumonia, respectively. The pooled analysis also showed that patients with pulmonary disease suffered from worse periodontal health as most periodontal indexes in those patients were poorer. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between pulmonary disease and periodontal health. Clinical trials analyzing the causality and pathological basis of the association of these two diseases are needed.
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13
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N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Inhibits Synthesis of IL-18 in Macrophage by Suppressing NLRP3 Expression to Reduce the Production of IFN- γ from NK Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7596343. [PMID: 34899969 PMCID: PMC8664516 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7596343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) had exerted antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, its effect in regulating interleukin- (IL-) 18 was not fully understood. This study was designed to evaluate the specific mechanism of NAC regulating IL-18. Materials and Methods A total of 112 COPD patients and 103 health individuals were recruited in the study. Cytokine level in patients' serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A COPD mouse model was established by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke. The expression of cytokines was measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. Inflammasome-related protein was measured by Western blot. Result NAC could effectively improve the immune status of COPD patients as well as the COPD mouse model by downregulating proinflammation and inflammation cytokines including IL-1β, interferon- (IFN-) γ, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, and IL-18. It also had the capability to suppress synthesis of IL-18 in macrophage to inhibit the secretion of IFN-γ from natural killer (NK) cells through influencing the inflammasome-related protein in macrophages. Conclusion NAC could effectively inhibit the production of IL-18 by suppressing NLRP3 expression in macrophages to reduce the production of IFN-γ in NK cells.
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14
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Cazzola M, Ora J, Cavalli F, Rogliani P, Matera MG. An Overview of the Safety and Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies for the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Biologics 2021; 15:363-374. [PMID: 34475751 PMCID: PMC8407524 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s295409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several mAbs have been tested or are currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of COPD. They can be subdivided into those that aim to block specific pro-inflammatory and pro-neutrophilic cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL8 and IL-1β, and those that act on T2-mediated inflammation, respectively, by blocking IL-5 and/or its receptor, preventing IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, affecting IL-33 pathway and blocking TSLP. None of these approaches has proved to be effective, probably because in COPD there is no dominant cytokine or chemokine and, therefore, a single mAb cannot be effective on all pathways. With a more in-depth understanding of the numerous pheno/endotypic pathways that play a role in COPD, it may eventually be possible to identify those specific patients in whom some of these cytokines or chemokines might predominate. In this case, it will be possible to implement a personalized treatment, but the use of each mAb will only be reserved for a very limited number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Chair of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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15
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Meikle CKS, Creeden JF, McCullumsmith C, Worth RG. SSRIs: Applications in inflammatory lung disease and implications for COVID-19. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:325-335. [PMID: 34254465 PMCID: PMC8411309 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have anti-inflammatory properties that may have clinical utility in treating severe pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. SSRIs exert anti-inflammatory effects at three mechanistic levels: (a) inhibition of proinflammatory transcription factor activity, including NF-κB and STAT3; (b) downregulation of lung tissue damage and proinflammatory cell recruitment via inhibition of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β; and (c) direct suppression inflammatory cells, including T cells, macrophages, and platelets. These pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we will compare the pathogenesis of lung inflammation in pulmonary diseases including COVID-19, ARDS, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), describe the anti-inflammatory properties of SSRIs, and discuss the applications of SSRIS in treating COVID-19-associated inflammatory lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kyung Sun Meikle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Cheryl McCullumsmith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Randall G Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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16
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Jamal Jameel K, Gallert WJ, Yanik SD, Panek S, Kronsbein J, Jungck D, Koch A, Knobloch J. Biomarkers for Comorbidities Modulate the Activity of T-Cells in COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137187. [PMID: 34281240 PMCID: PMC8269158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), various comorbidities are linked to systemic inflammation and infection-induced exacerbations. The underlying mechanisms are unclear but might provide therapeutic targets. T-cell activity is central in systemic inflammation and for infection-defense mechanisms and might be influenced by comorbidities. Hypothesis: Circulating biomarkers of comorbidities modulate the activity of T-cells of the T-helper type 1 (Th1) and/or T-cytotoxic type 1 (Tc1). T-cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-smokers (NS), current smokers without COPD (S), and COPD subjects (total n = 34) were ex vivo activated towards Th1/Tc1 and were then stimulated with biomarkers for metabolic and/or cardiovascular comorbidities (Brain Natriuretic Peptide, BNP; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18, CCL18; C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1, CX3CL1; interleukin-18, IL-18) or for asthma- and/or cancer-related comorbidities (CCL22; epidermal growth factor, EGF; IL-17; periostin) each at 10 or 50 ng/mL. The Th1/Tc1 activation markers interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were analyzed in culture supernatants by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Ex-vivo activation induced IFNγ and TNFα without differences between the groups but GM-CSF more in S vs. NS. At 10 ng/mL, the different biomarkers increased or reduced the T-cell activation markers without a clear trend for one direction in the different categories of comorbidities or for the different T-cell activation markers. At 50 ng/mL, there was a clear shift towards suppressive effects, particularly for the asthma— and cancer-related biomarkers and in cells of S and COPD. Comorbidities might suppress T-cell immunity in COPD. This could explain the association of comorbidities with frequent exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaschin Jamal Jameel
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (K.J.J.); (W.-J.G.); (S.D.Y.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Willem-Jakob Gallert
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (K.J.J.); (W.-J.G.); (S.D.Y.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Sarah D. Yanik
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (K.J.J.); (W.-J.G.); (S.D.Y.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Susanne Panek
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (K.J.J.); (W.-J.G.); (S.D.Y.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (K.J.J.); (W.-J.G.); (S.D.Y.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - David Jungck
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Bethel Teaching Hospital, 12207 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andrea Koch
- Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen-Klinikum Steyr, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lehrkrankenhaus der Uniklinik Linz, Sierninger Str. 170, 4400 Steyr, Austria;
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU) and DZL (German Center of Lung Science), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knobloch
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (K.J.J.); (W.-J.G.); (S.D.Y.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-234-302-3404; Fax: +49-234-302-6420
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17
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Ji X, Yao H, Meister M, Gardenhire DS, Mo H. Tocotrienols: Dietary Supplements for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:883. [PMID: 34072997 PMCID: PMC8228218 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two major phenotypes of COPD, which have many symptoms, such as dyspnea, chronic cough, and mucus overproduction. Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar wall, while chronic bronchitis is characterized by limitations in expiratory airflow. Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for the pathogenesis of COPD in the developed world. Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of the disease and furthers the risk of comorbidities. Current treatment options and prevention strategies for COPD are very limited. Tocotrienols are a group of vitamin E molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Individual tocotrienols (α, γ, and δ) have shown their ability to attenuate inflammation specifically via suppressing nuclear factor-κB-mediated cytokine production. The δ- and γ-forms of tocotrienols have been indicated as the most effective in the prevention of macrophage infiltration, production of reactive oxygen species, and cytokine secretion. This review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of COPD and the role of inflammation therein. Furthermore, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo evidence for the anti-inflammatory activity of tocotrienols and their potential application to COPD management. Coupled with the bioavailability and safety profile of tocotrienols, the ability of these compounds to modulate COPD progression by targeting the inflammation pathways renders them potential candidates for novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Ji
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Maureen Meister
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Douglas S. Gardenhire
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Huanbiao Mo
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (M.M.); (H.M.)
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18
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Xue H, Xie B, Xu N, Li H, Chen Q, Xie W, Wang H. Etanercept Protected Against Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis of Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells via Regulating TNFR1. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1329-1345. [PMID: 34007171 PMCID: PMC8123949 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s295580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Etanercept (ETN), a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitor, has been applied in the treatment of many diseases. However, whether it has effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) remained unknown. Methods Histopathological analysis of lung tissues from non-smokers and smokers with or without COPD was conducted using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, Van Gieson (VG) staining, and terminal transferase-mediated biotin dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). TNF-α content was measured using Immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis among apoptosis rate, smoke index, the FEV1/FVC ratio, and TNF-α-positive cells was performed. After ETN treatment and transfection of overexpressed or silenced TNFR1, levels of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and related genes expressions in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results Pulmonary arterial remodeling and increased apoptotic and TNF-α+ HPAECs were found in lung tissue of smokers with or without COPD, with higher degrees in smokers with COPD. The numbers of apoptotic and TNF-α+ HPAECs were positively correlated with smoke index, while the FEV1/FVC ratio was negatively correlated with apoptotic HPAECs. In HPAECs, ETN downregulated the expressions of proteins related to CSE-induced apoptosis and the TNF receptor family, decreased CSE-induced cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine levels, and inhibited TNFR1 expression and p65 phosphorylation. Overexpressed TNFR1 reversed the effects of ETN on CSE-treated HPAECs, whereas silencing TNFR1 did the opposite. Conclusion ETN protected HPAECs against CSE-induced inflammation and apoptosis via downregulating TNFR1, thus providing a potential therapy for smoking-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Provincial School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Provincial School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengluan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Provincial School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Provincial School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianshun Chen
- Provincial School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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19
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Rhodiola rosea L. Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced COPD in Rats via Inflammation Inhibition and Antioxidant and Antifibrosis Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6103158. [PMID: 33747104 PMCID: PMC7943302 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The root cause behind the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is cigarette smoke that induces the inflammation of the lung tissue and alveolar destruction. Long-term cigarette smoking can lead to deterioration in lung parenchymal function and cause structural changes in the lung, further resulting in pulmonary fibrosis. Rhodiola rosea L., a traditional medicinal perennial herb, is well known for its numerous pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antifatigue, antidepressive, and antifibrotic properties. Here, we evaluated the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) macroporous resin extract on COPD caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS) in rats. The RRL significantly improved the pathological structure of the lung tissue. Additionally, RRL decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and, subsequently, oxidative stress. Furthermore, the RNAseq assay indicated that RRL attenuated the CS and LPS-induced COPD via anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic activities. Western blot analysis substantiated that the RRL resulted in upregulated levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 as well as downregulated levels of IκBα, NF-κB p65, α-SMA, and TGF-β1. Interestingly, the RRL could protect rats from CS and LPS-induced COPD by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and Smad3 signaling pathways and apoptosis. Thus, the RRL could attenuate CS and LPS-induced COPD through inflammation inhibition and antioxidant and antifibrosis pathways.
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Ochayon DE, Waggoner SN. The Effect of Unconventional Cytokine Combinations on NK-Cell Responses to Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645850. [PMID: 33815404 PMCID: PMC8017335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble and membrane-bound factors that dictate immune responses. Dogmatically, cytokines are divided into families that promote type 1 cell-mediated immune responses (e.g., IL-12) or type 2 humoral responses (e.g., IL-4), each capable of antagonizing the opposing family of cytokines. The discovery of additional families of cytokines (e.g., IL-17) has added complexity to this model, but it was the realization that immune responses frequently comprise mixtures of different types of cytokines that dismantled this black-and-white paradigm. In some cases, one type of response may dominate these mixed milieus in disease pathogenesis and thereby present a clear therapeutic target. Alternatively, synergistic or blended cytokine responses may obfuscate the origins of disease and perplex clinical decision making. Most immune cells express receptors for many types of cytokines and can mediate a myriad of functions important for tolerance, immunity, tissue damage, and repair. In this review, we will describe the unconventional effects of a variety of cytokines on the activity of a prototypical type 1 effector, the natural killer (NK) cell, and discuss how this may impact the contributions of these cells to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ochayon
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephen N. Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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21
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Victoni T, Barreto E, Lagente V, Carvalho VF. Oxidative Imbalance as a Crucial Factor in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Could Antioxidant Treatment Constitute a New Therapeutic Strategy? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6646923. [PMID: 33628371 PMCID: PMC7889360 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory lung disease results in a high global burden of death and disability. There are no effective treatments for the most severe forms of many inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, corticosteroid-resistant asthma, and coronavirus disease 2019; hence, new treatment options are required. Here, we review the role of oxidative imbalance in the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lung diseases. The inflammation-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) means that endogenous antioxidants may not be sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, resulting in an oxidative imbalance in the lung. In turn, intracellular signaling events trigger the production of proinflammatory mediators that perpetuate and aggravate the inflammatory response and may lead to tissue damage. The production of high levels of ROS in inflammatory lung diseases can induce the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, the inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and histone deacetylase 2, a decrease in glucocorticoid binding to its receptor, and thus resistance to glucocorticoid treatment. Hence, antioxidant treatment might be a therapeutic option for inflammatory lung diseases. Preclinical studies have shown that antioxidants (alone or combined with anti-inflammatory drugs) are effective in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, although the clinical evidence of efficacy is weaker. Despite the high level of evidence for the efficacy of antioxidants in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases, the discovery and clinical investigation of safer, more efficacious compounds are now a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Victoni
- University of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Emiliano Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Vincent Lagente
- NuMeCan Institute (Nutrition, Metabolism and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vinicius F. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
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Rong B, Fu T, Rong C, Liu W, Li K, Liu H. Association between serum CCL-18 and IL-23 concentrations and disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17756. [PMID: 33082377 PMCID: PMC7576212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand 18 (CCL-18) and interleukin 23 (IL-23) and clinical parameters of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between their concentrations and clinical parameters of COPD patients were analyzed by linear regression, logistic regression and ROC curve. The results showed that the serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 in COPD patients were increased compared with healthy people (P < 0.001) and that patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) had higher serum CCL-18 and IL-23 concentrations than stable patients (P < 0.001). Synergistic increase of CCL-18 and IL-23 in COPD patients was positively correlated with COPD patients' higher GOLD grade (P < 0.001), higher mMRC score (P < 0.001) and longer medical history (P < 0.001), but negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (P < 0.001) and FEV1% predicted (P < 0.001). The serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 were most related to the GOLD grade (OR = 2.764 for CCL-18 and OR = 4.215 for IL-23) and detection of both showed considerable sensitivity (72.57% for CCL-18 and 76.92% for IL-23) and specificity (92.50% for CCL-18 and 77.5% for IL-23) in identifying COPD. Increased serum concentrations of CCL-18 and IL-23 correlated with the disease progression of COPD and they could be used as biomarkers for disease evaluation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoxue Rong
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, 48 Fenghao West Road, Xi'an, 710077, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Congxue Rong
- Comprehensive Medical Department, Zhangye Second People Hospital, Zhangye, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minqin County People's Hospital, Minqin, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Bohr A, Tsapis N, Foged C, Andreana I, Yang M, Fattal E. Treatment of acute lung inflammation by pulmonary delivery of anti-TNF-α siRNA with PAMAM dendrimers in a murine model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:114-120. [PMID: 32798665 PMCID: PMC7425770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, e.g., small interfering RNA (siRNA), transfection agents are needed for efficient delivery into cells. Several classes of dendrimers have been found useful as transfection agents for the delivery of siRNA because their surface can readily be functionalized, and the size of the dendriplexes they form with siRNA is within the range of conventional nanomedicine. In this study, commercially available generation 3 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer was investigated for pulmonary delivery of siRNA directed against tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α for the treatment of acute lung inflammation. Delivery efficiency was assessed in vitro in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and efficacy was evaluated in vivo in a murine model of LPS-induced lung inflammation upon pre-treatment with TNF-α siRNA. The PAMAM dendrimer-siRNA complexes (dendriplexes) displayed strong siRNA condensation and high cellular uptake in macrophages compared with non-complexed siRNA. Q-PCR analyses showed that the dendriplexes mediated efficient and specific TNF-α silencing in vitro, as compared to non-complexed siRNA and dendriplexes with negative control siRNA. Also in vivo, the PAMAM dendriplexes induced efficacious TNF-α siRNA inhibition, as compared to non-complexed siRNA, upon pulmonary administration to mice with LPS-induced lung inflammation. Hence, these data suggest that PAMAM dendrimers are promising for the local delivery of TNF-α siRNA in the treatment of lung inflammation via pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bohr
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilaria Andreana
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Correlation between serum IL-32 concentration and clinical parameters of stable COPD: a retrospective clinical analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12092. [PMID: 32694699 PMCID: PMC7374623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the association between serum interleukin 32 (IL-32) concentration and clinical parameters in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One hundred and sixteen patients with stable COPD and 70 healthy subjects were included in the study. The serum concentration of IL-32 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum IL-32 and clinical parameters of patients with COPD was analyzed by T-test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve. The serum concentration of IL-32 in patients with stable COPD was higher than that in healthy control group (p < 0.001) and increased serum IL-32 was positively correlated with GOLD grading (p = 0.026), mMRC score (p = 0.004) and clinical medical history (p = 0.005), but negatively related to FEV1/FVC (p = 0.001) and FEV1% predicted (p = 0.001). Patient's COPD grading (p = 0.001), clinical medical history (p < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.001) exerted a significant impact on serum IL-32. The sensitivity and specificity of serum IL-32 for discerning COPD patients from healthy individuals were 85.34% and 64.29%, and the area under the curve was 0.808 (p < 0.001). Increased IL-32 is involved in the chronic disease progression of COPD, suggesting that IL-32 may be a molecular biomarker that reflects the severity of COPD and contributes to the disease diagnosis.
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De Cunto G, Cavarra E, Bartalesi B, Lungarella G, Lucattelli M. Alveolar Macrophage Phenotype and Compartmentalization Drive Different Pulmonary Changes in Mouse Strains Exposed to Cigarette Smoke. COPD 2020; 17:429-443. [PMID: 32597232 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2020.1783648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
COPD can manifest itself with different clinical phenotypes characterized by different disease progression and response to therapy. Although a remarkable number of studies have been carried out, little is known about the mechanisms underlying phenotypes that could guide the development of viable future therapies. Several murine strains mirror some human phenotypes after smoke exposure. It was of interest to investigate in these strains whether different pattern of activation of macrophages, and their distribution in lungs, is associated to changes characterizing different phenotypes. We chose C57Bl/6, and Lck deficient mice, which show significant emphysema, DBA/2 mice that develop changes similar to those of "pulmonary fibrosis/emphysema syndrome", p66Shc ko mice that develop bronchiolitis with fibrosis but not emphysema, and finally ICR mice that do not develop changes at 7 months after smoke exposure. Unlike other strains, ICR mice show very few activated macrophages (Mac-3 positive) mostly negative to M1 or M2 markers. On the other hand, a large population of M1 macrophages predominates in the lung periphery of DBA/2, C57Bl/6 and in Lck deficient mice, where emphysema is more evident. M2 macrophages are mainly observed in subpleural and intraparenchymal areas of DBA/2 mice and around bronchioles of p66Shc ko mice where fibrotic changes are present. We observed slight but significant differences in mRNA expression of iNOS, ECF-L, arginase 1, IL-4, IL-13 and TGF-β between air- and smoke-exposed mice. These differences together with the different compartmentalization of macrophages may offer an explanation for the diversity of lesions and their distribution that we observed among the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Cunto
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cavarra
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Bartalesi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lungarella
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Lucattelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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26
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Mechanism of YuPingFeng in the Treatment of COPD Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1630102. [PMID: 32566658 PMCID: PMC7275212 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1630102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
YuPingFeng (YPF) granules are a classic herbal formula extensively used in clinical practice in China for the treatment of COPD. However, the pathological mechanisms of YPF in COPD remain undefined. In the present research, a network pharmacology-based strategy was implemented to elucidate the underlying multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway modes of action of YPF against COPD. First, we identified putative YPF targets based on TCMSP databases and constructed a network containing interactions between putative YPF targets and known therapeutic targets of COPD. Next, two topological parameters, “degree” and “closeness,” were calculated to identify target genes in the network. The major hubs were imported to the MetaCore database for pathway enrichment analysis. In total, 23 YPF active ingredients and 83 target genes associated with COPD were identified. Through protein interaction network analysis, 26 genes were identified as major hubs due to their topological importance. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed YPF to be mainly associated with the response to glucocorticoids and steroid hormones, with apoptotic and HIF-1 signalling pathways being dominant and correlative pathways. The promising utility of YPF in the treatment of COPD has been demonstrated by a network pharmacology approach.
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Skała E, Kowalczyk T, Pawliczak R. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Decreases Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in A549 Cells. Inflammation 2020; 42:2205-2214. [PMID: 31612365 PMCID: PMC6856491 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Various experimental models strongly support the hypothesis that airway inflammation can be caused by oxidative stress. Inflammatory airway diseases like asthma and COPD are characterized by higher levels of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. One of the sources of ROS is NADPH oxidase. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate influence of NADPH oxidase inhibition on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF, TSLP, CD59, and PPAR-γ in vitro. A549 cells were incubated with apocynin in three concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, and 3 mg/ml). Cells were trypsinized and RNA isolated after 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of apocynin incubation at each concentration. Afterwards, reverse transcription was performed to evaluate mRNA expression using real-time PCR. The time-response and dose-response study showed that apocynin significantly influenced the relative expression of chosen genes (IL-6, IL-8, TNF, PPAR-γ, TSLP, and CD59). Apocynin decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-α at all concentrations used, and of IL-6 at concentrations of 1 and 3 mg/ml (p < 0.05). TSLP mRNA expression was also reduced by apocynin after 1 h and 2 h, and CD59 mRNA after 1 h, but only at the highest concentration. The expression of PPAR-γ was reduced after apocynin in the highest concentrations only (p < 0.05). The results might suggest that proinflammatory agents’ expression levels are strongly connected to the presence of oxidative stress generated by NADPH oxidase and this might be at least partially eliminated by anti-oxidative action. Apocynin, as an effective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, seems to be useful in potential anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm 122, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowskiego, Bldg 2, Rm 122, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
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28
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Kim SH, Hong JH, Yang WK, Geum JH, Kim HR, Choi SY, Kang YM, An HJ, Lee YC. Herbal Combinational Medication of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Agastache rugosa Containing Glycyrrhizic Acid, Tilianin Inhibits Neutrophilic Lung Inflammation by Affecting CXCL2, Interleukin-17/STAT3 Signal Pathways in a Murine Model of COPD. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040926. [PMID: 32230838 PMCID: PMC7231088 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by exposure to toxic particles, such as coal fly ash (CFA), diesel-exhaust particle (DEP), and cigarette smoke (CS), leading to chronic bronchitis, mucus production, and a subsequent lung dysfunction. This study, using a mouse model of COPD, aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal combinational medication of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG), Agastache rugosa (AR) containing glycyrrhizic acid (GA), and tilianin (TN) as active ingredients. GA, a major active component of GG, possesses a range of pharmacological and biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-oxidative. TN is a major flavonoid that is present in AR. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects of potential utility as an anti-COPD agent. The COPD in the mice model was induced by a challenge with CFA and DEP. BALB/c mice received CFA and DEP alternately three times for 2 weeks to induce COPD. The herbal mixture of GG, AR, and TN significantly decreased the number of neutrophils in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. It also significantly reduced the production of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL-2), IL-17A, CXCL-1, TNF-α, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in BALF and CXCL-2, IL-17A, CXCL-1, MUC5AC, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), IL-6, COX-2, NOS-II, and TNF-α mRNA expression in the lung tissue. Notably, a combination of GG and AR was more effective at regulating such therapeutic targets than GG or AR alone. The histolopathological lung injury was alleviated by treatment with the herbal mixture and their active ingredients (especially TN). In this study, the herbal combinational mixture more effectively inhibited neutrophilic airway inflammation by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and CXCL-2 by blocking the IL-17/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, a herbal mixture of GG and AR may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (W.-K.Y.)
| | - Jung-Hee Hong
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea;
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea; (S.-H.K.); (W.-K.Y.)
| | - Jeong-Ho Geum
- COSMAX NBT, INC., Seoul 06132, Korea; (J.-H.G.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | | | - Su-Young Choi
- COSMAX NBT, INC., Seoul 06132, Korea; (J.-H.G.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Yun-Mi Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (H.-J.A.)
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (H.-J.A.)
| | - Young-Cheol Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-730-0672; Fax: +82-33-730-0653
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Alosaimi B, Hamed ME, Naeem A, Alsharef AA, AlQahtani SY, AlDosari KM, Alamri AA, Al-Eisa K, Khojah T, Assiri AM, Enani MA. MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract. Cytokine 2019; 126:154895. [PMID: 31706200 PMCID: PMC7128721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MERS-CoV infection downregulates Th1 and Th2 cytokines and chemokines. MERS-CoV infection provokes high levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 (CXCL8). Inflammatory cytokines/chemokines correlate with MERS-CoV case fatality rate. Th1/Th2 downregulation may contribute to severe infection and evolution of ARDS.
MERS-CoV, a highly pathogenic virus in humans, is associated with high morbidity and case fatality. Inflammatory responses have a significant impact on MERS-CoV pathogenesis and disease outcome. However, CD4+ T-cell induced immune responses during acute MERS-CoV infection are barely detectable, with potent inhibition of effector T cells and downregulation of antigen presentation. The local pulmonary immune response, particularly the Th1 and Th2-related immune response during acute severe MERS-CoV infection is not fully understood. In this study, we offer the first insights into the pulmonary gene expression profile of Th1 and Th2-related cytokines/chemokines (Th1 & Th2 responses) during acute MERS-CoV infection using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. We also quantified the expression level of primary inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Our results showed a downregulation of Th2, inadequate (partial) Th1 immune response and high expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β and the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8) in the lower respiratory tract of MERS-CoV infected patients. Moreover, we identified a high viral load in all included patients. We also observed a correlation between inflammatory cytokines, Th1, and Th2 downregulation and the case fatality rate. Th1 and Th2 response downregulation, high expression of inflammatory cytokines, and high viral load may contribute to lung inflammation, severe infection, the evolution of pneumonia and ARDS, and a higher case fatality rate. Further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Th1 and Th2 regulatory pathways will be vital for active vaccine development and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maaweya E Hamed
- College of Science, King Saud University, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Naeem
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alsharef
- General Directorate of Laboratories and Blood Banks, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Y AlQahtani
- General Directorate of Laboratories and Blood Banks, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamel M AlDosari
- Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aref A Alamri
- Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud Al-Eisa
- Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed Khojah
- Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Assiri
- Preventive Medicine Assistant Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushira A Enani
- Medical Specialties Department, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Ma J, Tian Y, Li J, Zhang L, Wu M, Zhu L, Liu S. Effect of Bufei Yishen Granules Combined with Electroacupuncture in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via the Regulation of TLR-4/NF- κB Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6708645. [PMID: 31275415 PMCID: PMC6560336 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6708645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined therapy of Bufei Yishen granules (BY) and electroacupuncture (EA) has shown good effects clinically in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study aimed to observe the effects of the BY + EA combination in a COPD rat model and dissect the potential mechanisms via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. METHODS The COPD rats were treated with normal saline, aminophylline, Bufei Yishen granules, electroacupuncture, or Bufei Yishen granules combined with electroacupuncture. The pulmonary function; lung tissue histology; levels of inflammatory factors; expression levels of TLR-4, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB), and NF-κB; and activation of NF-κB in the lung tissues were evaluated. RESULTS Pulmonary function was markedly decreased in the COPD rats, and the lung tissue histology of the COPD rats showed severe pathological changes. The pulmonary function and lung tissue morphology in the treatment groups (APL, BY, EA, and BY + EA) were improved. The increased levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 indicated a chronic inflammatory state in the COPD rats. In the BY, EA, and BY + EA groups, the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased, especially in the BY + EA group. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR-4, IκB, and NF-κB were obviously downregulated in the BY and BY + EA groups; and the NF-κB p65 activation was significantly decreased in the BY, EA, and BY + EA groups. CONCLUSIONS Bufei Yishen granules and electroacupuncture have curative effects in COPD rats, and the combination therapy of Bufei Yishen granules and electroacupuncture is superior. The TLR-4/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the potential mechanisms by which Bufei Yishen granules and electroacupuncture reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Ma
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lanxi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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Narendra DK, Hanania NA. Targeting IL-5 in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1045-1051. [PMID: 31190789 PMCID: PMC6529620 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s155306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continue to experience exacerbations despite receiving standard-of-care treatments. Novel approaches to COPD treatment focus on understanding and targeting molecular mechanisms of airway inflammation, airway obstruction, remodeling and lung destruction. Several identified phenotypes and endotypes of COPD will pave the future path for a more personalized approach to therapy. Although well known to be associated with neutrophilic inflammation, COPD may also be driven by eosinophilic inflammation both at stable states and during exacerbation. Targeting eosinophilic inflammation has been successful in managing severe eosinophilic asthma and may hold promise in certain phenotypes of COPD. The most promising biologic treatments at an advanced stage of development are agents blocking interleukin (IL)-5 or its receptor. This review examines our current understanding of the eosinophilic inflammation in COPD and the rationale for IL-5 targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani K Narendra
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Interleukin-Mediated Pendrin Transcriptional Regulation in Airway and Esophageal Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030731. [PMID: 30744098 PMCID: PMC6386862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl−/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively. Pendrin is expressed at lower levels in other tissues, such as airways and esophageal epithelia, where it is transcriptionally regulated by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 through a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-mediated pathway. In the airway epithelium, increased pendrin expression during inflammatory diseases leads to imbalances in airway surface liquid thickness and mucin release, while, in the esophageal epithelium, dysregulated pendrin expression is supposed to impact the intracellular pH regulation system. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings on interleukin-mediated transcriptional regulation of pendrin and how this dysregulation impacts airway and esophagus epithelial homeostasis during inflammatory diseases.
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Rong B, Liu Y, Li M, Fu T, Gao W, Liu H. Correlation of serum levels of HIF-1α and IL-19 with the disease progression of COPD: a retrospective study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3791-3803. [PMID: 30538441 PMCID: PMC6254505 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s177034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to disclose the correlation between the serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and IL-19 and stable COPD. Methods The serum levels of HIF-1α and IL-19 were tested by ELISA. The relationships between their levels and clinical parameters of stable COPD patients were analyzed by linear regression methods. Results Patients with stable COPD showed higher serum levels of HIF-1α and IL-19 compared with healthy control group (P<0.001), and serum levels of HIF-1α and IL-19 had a positive linear correlation (P<0.05). In stable COPD patients, increased serum levels of HIF-1α and IL-19 were positively correlated with the GOLD grading (P<0.005), modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score (P<0.05), and medical history (P<0.05) but negatively related to the pulmonary function (P<0.05). The serum level of HIF-1α (P<0.05) was affected by the patient’s FEV1/FVC value and COPD grading, and the serum level of IL-19 was associated with the mMRC scores and the serum level of HIF-1α (P<0.05). Conclusion Increased serum levels of HIF-1α and IL-19 correlated with the disease progression of COPD, suggesting that they can be used as indicators to help us understand the COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoxue Rong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China,
| | - Yufang Liu
- Comprehensive Medicine Department, Shenmu Hospital, Shenmu, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenmu Hospital, Shenmu, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining No 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Anzalone G, Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Riccobono L, Bonanno A, Gagliardo R, Bucchieri F, Marchese R, Moscato M, Profita M. IL-17A-associated IKK-α signaling induced TSLP production in epithelial cells of COPD patients. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30291224 PMCID: PMC6173689 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine expressed in the epithelium, involved in the pathogenesis of chronic disease. IL-17A regulates airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduction of steroid sensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TSLP and IL-17A were measured in induced sputum supernatants (ISs) from healthy controls (HC), healthy smokers (HS), and COPD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and normal bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with rhIL-17A or ISs from COPD patients to evaluate TSLP protein and mRNA expression. The effects of the depletion of IL-17A in ISs, an anticholinergic drug, and the silencing of inhibitor kappa kinase alpha (IKKα) on TSLP production were evaluated in 16HBE cells. Coimmunoprecipitation of acetyl-histone H3(Lys14)/IKKα was evaluated in 16HBE cells treated with rhIL-17A and in the presence of the drug. TSLP and IL-17A levels were higher in ISs from COPD patients and HS compared with HC. TSLP protein and mRNA increased in 16HBE cells and in normal bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with ISs from COPD patients compared with ISs from HC and untreated cells. IKKα silencing reduced TSLP production in 16HBE cells stimulated with rhIL-17A and ISs from COPD patients. RhIL-17A increased the IKKα/acetyl-histone H3 immunoprecipitation in 16HBE cells. The anticholinergic drug affects TSLP protein and mRNA levels in bronchial epithelial cells treated with rhIL-17A or with ISs from COPD patients, and IKKα mediated acetyl-histone H3(Lys14). IL-17A/IKKα signaling induced the mechanism of chromatin remodeling associated with acetyl-histone H3(Lys14) and TSLP production in bronchial epithelial cells. Anticholinergic drugs might target TSLP derived from epithelial cells during the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Marchese
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Incident Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Acute Kidney Injury: A Competing-Risk Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090237. [PMID: 30149499 PMCID: PMC6162866 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the incidence of de novo COPD in patients with AKI, and the impact of concurrent COPD on the outcome during post-AKI care is unclear. Patients who recovered from dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) during index hospitalizations between 1998 and 2010 were identified from nationwide administrative registries. A competing risk analysis was conducted to predict the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. Among the 14,871 patients who recovered from temporary dialysis, 1535 (10.7%) were identified as having COPD (COPD group) one year after index discharge and matched with 1473 patients without COPD (non-COPD group) using propensity scores. Patients with acute kidney disease superimposed withs COPD were associated with a higher risk of incident ischemic stroke (subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR), 1.52; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.17 to 1.97; p = 0.002) and congestive heart failure (CHF; sHR, 1.61; (95% CI), 1.39 to 1.86; p < 0.001). The risks of incident hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, and mortality were not statistically different between the COPD and non-COPD groups. This observation adds another dimension to accumulating evidence regarding pulmo-renal consequences after AKI.
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36
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Jiang S, Shan F, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Cheng Z. Increased serum IL-17 and decreased serum IL-10 and IL-35 levels correlate with the progression of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2483-2494. [PMID: 30154651 PMCID: PMC6108328 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s167192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to measure the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and IL-35 in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and disclose the correlations between their expression levels and clinical factors of patients. Methods A total of 75 patients with stable COPD (47 males and 28 females) and 30 healthy controls (15 males and 15 females) were included in this study. The serum levels of IL-17, IL-10, and IL-35 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between their expression levels and clinical factors of patients were determined using linear regression methods. Results The serum level of IL-17 was upregulated in stable COPD, and increased IL-17 expression was positively correlated with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grading, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, and long clinical history (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with the pulmonary function (P<0.05) of patients. The serum levels of IL-10 and IL-35 were downregulated in stable COPD, and decreased IL-10 and IL-35 levels negatively correlated with the smoking status, GOLD grading, mMRC score, and long clinical history (P<0.05), but positively correlated with the pulmonary function (P<0.05) of patients. Moreover, the level of IL-17 negatively correlated with IL-10 and IL-35, but IL-10 positively correlated with IL-35. Conclusion The serum levels of IL-17, IL-10, and IL-35 correlated with the clinical factors of COPD, indicating that they can serve as indicators to estimate the progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fenglian Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Luning Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhaozhong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
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Jiang G, Liu CT, Zhang WD. IL-17A and GDF15 are able to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung epithelial cells in response to cigarette smoke. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:12-20. [PMID: 29977354 PMCID: PMC6030931 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is one of the primary causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sustained active epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in COPD may explain the core pathophysiology of airway fibrosis and why lung cancer is so common among smokers. Interleukin (IL)-17A and growth/differentiation factor (GDF)15 have been reported to be biomarkers of COPD; however, the role of IL-17A and GDF15 in EMT remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of IL-17A and GDF15 in the pathogenesis of COPD. It was demonstrated that IL-17A and GDF15 are upregulated in patients with COPD, particularly those with a history of smoking. The results also revealed that IL-17A and GDF15 expression was negatively correlated with the epithelial marker epithelial-cadherin and positively correlated with the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Furthermore, treatment with cigarette smoke extract or IL-17A induced GDF15 expression. Combined treatment with IL-17A and GDF15 induced EMT in human small epithelial HSAEpiC cells in vitro. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that IL-17A and GDF15-induced EMT serves an important role in the pathology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jiang
- Department of Respiration, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Tao Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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Lea SR, Reynolds SL, Kaur M, Simpson KD, Hall SR, Hessel EM, Singh D. The effects of repeated Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 stimulation in COPD alveolar macrophages. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018. [PMID: 29535517 PMCID: PMC5841324 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s97071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is a progressive inflammatory airway disease characterized by increased numbers of alveolar macrophages in the lungs. Bacterial colonization of the lungs is a common feature in COPD and can promote inflammation through continual and repeated Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. We have studied the response of COPD alveolar macrophages to repetitive stimulation with TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. We investigated the effect of sequential stimulation with different ligands to determine whether this results in tolerance or amplification of the immune response. Methods We stimulated alveolar macrophages from COPD patients (n=9) and smokers (n=8) with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 for 24 hours before restimulating again for 24 hours. Cytokine protein release and gene expression were investigated. Results Repetitive stimulation of COPD and smokers macrophages with LPS for both 24-hour periods caused a reduction in tumor necrosis factor α, CCL5, and IL-10 production compared to cells that were not exposed initially to LPS. IL-6 and CXCL8 production were not significantly altered following repetitive LPS stimulation. The same pattern was observed for repeated stimulation with Pam3CSK4. Using COPD macrophages, LPS followed by Pam3CSK4 stimulation increased the levels of all cytokines compared to media followed by Pam3CSK4. Conclusion TLR tolerance in COPD alveolar macrophages occurs after repetitive stimulation with the same TLR ligand, but this only occurs for selected cytokines. CXCL8 production is not reduced after repetitive TLR stimulation with the same ligand; this may be an important mechanism for the increased CXCL8 levels that have been observed in COPD. We showed that TLR4 stimulation followed by TLR2 stimulation does not cause tolerance, but enhances cytokine production. This may be a relevant mechanism by which bacteria cause excessive inflammation in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Lea
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - Sophie L Reynolds
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - Manminder Kaur
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
| | - Karen D Simpson
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Simon R Hall
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Agriculture remains a major economic sector globally, and workers experience high rates of chronic inflammatory lung and musculoskeletal diseases. Whereas obstructive pulmonary diseases are known risk factors for bone loss, the underlying relationship between lung inflammation and bone health is not well known. RECENT FINDINGS An agriculture organic dust extract inhalation animal model has recently linked lung injury-induced inflammation to systemic bone loss. This process is dependent upon lipopolysaccharide and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Downstream systemic interleukin-6 is a key mediator that subsequently activates osteoclastogenesis. Age is a host factor that impacted bone disease with younger mice demonstrating increased susceptibility to bone loss following inhalant exposures as compared to older mice. Supplemental dietary vitamin D was shown to prevent organic dust-induced bone loss, but not lung disease, in animals. Recent animal studies provide new mechanistic insight into the lung-bone inflammatory axis. Host factors, diet, and lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 signaling pathways play a significant role in explaining how inhalant organic dust exposures impact bone health. These investigations might lead to specific targeted therapeutic approaches.
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The Significance of Hypothiocyanite Production via the Pendrin/DUOX/Peroxidase Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1054801. [PMID: 29359006 PMCID: PMC5735670 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are used as first-line drugs for asthma, and various novel antiasthma drugs targeting type 2 immune mediators are now under development. However, molecularly targeted drugs are expensive, creating an economic burden on patients. We and others previously found pendrin/SLC26A4 as a downstream molecule of IL-13, a signature type 2 cytokine critical for asthma, and showed its significance in the pathogenesis of asthma using model mice. However, the molecular mechanism of how pendrin causes airway inflammation remained elusive. We have recently demonstrated that hypothiocyanite (OSCN−) produced by the pendrin/DUOX/peroxidase pathway has the potential to cause airway inflammation. Pendrin transports thiocyanate (SCN−) into pulmonary lumens at the apical side. Peroxidases catalyze SCN− and H2O2 generated by DUOX into OSCN−. Low doses of OSCN− activate NF-κB in airway epithelial cells, whereas OSCN− in high doses causes necrosis of the cells, inducing the release of IL-33 and accelerating inflammation. OSCN− production is augmented in asthma model mice and possibly in some asthma patients. Heme peroxidase inhibitors, widely used as antithyroid agents, diminish asthma-like phenotypes in mice, indicating the significance of this pathway. These findings suggest the possibility of repositioning antithyroid agents as antiasthma drugs.
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Increased expression of Siglec-9 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10116. [PMID: 28860481 PMCID: PMC5579055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common inflammatory lung disease. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins 9 (Siglec-9) is predominantly expressed on innate immune cells and has been shown to exert regulatory effect on immune cells through glycan recognition. Soluble Siglec-9 (sSiglec-9), the extracellular region of Siglec-9, might fulfill its function partly by competitive inhibiting siglec-9 binding to its ligands; however, the role of Siglec-9 and sSiglec-9 in the pathogenesis COPD remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that Siglec-9 expression in alveolar and peripheral blood neutrophil were increased in COPD patients by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, respectively. Plasma levels of sSiglelc-9 were elevated in COPD patients by ELISA. In vitro, Siglec-9 expression and/or sSiglelc-9 levels were up-regulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), some cytokines, and dexamethasone (DEX). Recombinant sSiglce-9 increased oxidative burst in neutrophil and enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis toward IL-8 independent on CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression, but it did not affect neutrophil apoptosis or secretions of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Siglec-9 was complementarily increased to induce a negative feedback loop to limit neutrophil activation in COPD, sSiglce-9 enhanced neutrophil ROS and chemotaxis toward IL-8 likely via competitively inhibiting ligands binding to Siglec-9.
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Calverley PMA, Sethi S, Dawson M, Ward CK, Finch DK, Penney M, Newbold P, van der Merwe R. A randomised, placebo-controlled trial of anti-interleukin-1 receptor 1 monoclonal antibody MEDI8968 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2017; 18:153. [PMID: 28793896 PMCID: PMC5551010 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) inhibition is a potential strategy for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MEDI8968, a fully human monoclonal antibody, binds selectively to IL-1R1, inhibiting activation by IL-1α and IL-1β. We studied the efficacy and safety/tolerability of MEDI8968 in adults with symptomatic, moderate-to-very severe COPD. METHODS This was a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, parallel-group study. Subjects aged 45-75 years and receiving standard maintenance therapy with ≥2 exacerbations in the past year were randomised 1:1 to receive placebo or MEDI8968 300 mg (600 mg intravenous loading dose) subcutaneously every 4 weeks, for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the moderate/severe acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) rate (week 56 post-randomisation). Secondary endpoints were severe AECOPD rate and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD (SGRQ-C) score (week 56 post-randomisation). RESULTS Of subjects randomised to placebo (n = 164) and MEDI8968 (n = 160), 79.3% and 75.0%, respectively, completed the study. There were neither statistically significant differences between treatment groups in moderate/severe AECOPD rate ([90% confidence interval]: 0.78 [0.63, 0.96], placebo; 0.71 [0.57, 0.90], MEDI8968), nor in severe AECOPD rate or SGRQ-C scores. Post-hoc analysis of subject subgroups (by baseline neutrophil count or tertiles of circulating neutrophil counts) did not alter the study outcome. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) with placebo and MEDI8968 treatment was similar. The most common TEAE was worsening of COPD. CONCLUSIONS In this phase II study, MEDI8968 did not produce statistically significant improvements in AECOPD rate, lung function or quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01448850 , date of registration: 06 October 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. A. Calverley
- School of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Science Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL UK
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | | | - Christine K. Ward
- MedImmmune, Gaithersburg, MD USA
- Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ USA
| | | | - Mark Penney
- MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
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43
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Lakshmi SP, Reddy AT, Reddy RC. Emerging pharmaceutical therapies for COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2141-2156. [PMID: 28790817 PMCID: PMC5531723 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD, for which cigarette smoking is the major risk factor, remains a worldwide burden. Current therapies provide only limited short-term benefit and fail to halt progression. A variety of potential therapeutic targets are currently being investigated, including COPD-related proinflammatory mediators and signaling pathways. Other investigational compounds target specific aspects or complications of COPD such as mucus hypersecretion and pulmonary hypertension. Although many candidate therapies have shown no significant effects, other emerging therapies have improved lung function, pulmonary hypertension, glucocorticoid sensitivity, and/or the frequency of exacerbations. Among these are compounds that inhibit the CXCR2 receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase/Src kinase, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, selectins, and the endothelin receptor. Activation of certain transcription factors may also be relevant, as a large retrospective cohort study of COPD patients with diabetes found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were associated with reduced COPD exacerbation rate. Notably, several therapies have shown efficacy only in identifiable subgroups of COPD patients, suggesting that subgroup identification may become more important in future treatment strategies. This review summarizes the status of emerging therapeutic pharmaceuticals for COPD and highlights those that appear most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Bahmed K, Messier EM, Zhou W, Tuder RM, Freed CR, Chu HW, Kelsen SG, Bowler RP, Mason RJ, Kosmider B. DJ-1 Modulates Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2-Mediated Protection in Human Primary Alveolar Type II Cells in Smokers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:439-49. [PMID: 27093578 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0304oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a main source of oxidative stress and a key risk factor for emphysema, which consists of alveolar wall destruction. Alveolar type (AT) II cells are in the gas exchange regions of the lung. We isolated primary ATII cells from deidentified organ donors whose lungs were not suitable for transplantation. We analyzed the cell injury obtained from nonsmokers, moderate smokers, and heavy smokers. DJ-1 protects cells from oxidative stress and induces nuclear erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression, which activates the antioxidant defense system. In ATII cells isolated from moderate smokers, we found DJ-1 expression by RT-PCR, and Nrf2 and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 translocation by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. In ATII cells isolated from heavy smokers, we detected Nrf2 and HO-1 cytoplasmic localization. Moreover, we found high oxidative stress, as detected by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (immunoblotting), inflammation by IL-8 and IL-6 levels by ELISA, and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay in ATII cells obtained from heavy smokers. Furthermore, we detected early DJ-1 and late Nrf2 expression after ATII cell treatment with CS extract. We also overexpressed DJ-1 by adenovirus construct and found that this restored Nrf2 and HO-1 expression and induced nuclear translocation in heavy smokers. Moreover, DJ-1 overexpression also decreased ATII cell apoptosis caused by CS extract in vitro. Our results indicate that DJ-1 activates the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, DJ-1 overexpression can restore the impaired Nrf2 pathway, leading to ATII cell protection in heavy smokers. This suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting DJ-1 in CS-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bahmed
- 1 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery.,2 Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, and
| | - Elise M Messier
- 3 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wenbo Zhou
- 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- 5 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Curt R Freed
- 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- 3 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Steven G Kelsen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery.,2 Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, and
| | - Russell P Bowler
- 3 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert J Mason
- 3 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Beata Kosmider
- 1 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery.,2 Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, and.,6 Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role during an inflammatory response, which is dependent on their rapid recruitment from the bone marrow to the vasculature. However, there is no information about the molecular signals that regulate neutrophil entry to circulation during an inflammatory process in humans. This is mainly due to the lack of a suitable model of study that contains similar set of molecules and that allows in vivo analyses. In this study, we used the zebrafish to assess the role of Cxcl8a, Cxcl8b, and Cxcr2 in neutrophil migration to blood circulation after injury. Using Tg(BACmpx:GFP)i114 transgenic embryos and two damage models (severe and mild), we developed in vivo lack of function assays. We found that the transcription levels of cxcl8a, cxcl8b, and cxcr2 were upregulated in the severe damage model. In contrast, only cxcr2 and cxcl8a mRNA levels were increased during mild damage. After knocking down Cxcl8a, neutrophil quantity decreased at the injury site, while Cxcl8b decreased neutrophils in circulation. When inhibiting Cxcr2, we observed a decrease in neutrophil entry to the bloodstream. In conclusion, we identified different functions for both Cxcl8 paralogues, being the Cxcl8b/Cxcr2 axis that regulates neutrophil entry to the bloodstream, while Cxcl8a/Cxcr2 regulates the migration to the affected area.
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46
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Hobbins S, Chapple IL, Sapey E, Stockley RA. Is periodontitis a comorbidity of COPD or can associations be explained by shared risk factors/behaviors? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1339-1349. [PMID: 28496317 PMCID: PMC5422335 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s127802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is recognized as having a series of comorbidities potentially related to common inflammatory processes. Periodontitis is one of the most common human inflammatory diseases and has previously been associated with COPD in numerous observational studies. As periodontitis and COPD are both chronic, progressive conditions characterized by neutrophilic inflammation with subsequent proteolytic destruction of connective tissue, it has been proposed that they share common pathophysiological processes. The mechanisms proposed to link COPD and periodontitis include mechanical aspiration of oral contents into the respiratory tree, overspill of locally produced inflammatory mediators into the systemic circulation or oral or lung-derived bacteremia activating an acute-phase response and also reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine release by systemic neutrophils at distant sites. Studies of systemic neutrophils in COPD and chronic periodontitis describe altered cellular functions that would predispose to inflammation and tissue destruction both in the lung and in the mouth, again potentially connecting these conditions. However, COPD and periodontitis also share risk factors such as age, chronic tobacco smoke exposure, and social deprivation that are not always considered in observational and interventional studies. Furthermore, studies reporting associations have often utilized differing definitions of both COPD and periodontitis. This article reviews the current available evidence supporting the hypothesis that COPD and inflammatory periodontal disease (periodontitis) could be pathologically associated, including a review of shared inflammatory mechanisms. It highlights the potential limitations of previous studies, in particular, the lack of uniformly applied case definitions for both COPD and periodontitis and poor recognition of shared risk factors. Understanding associations between these conditions may inform why patients with COPD suffer such a burden of comorbid illness and new therapeutic strategies for both the diseases. However, further research is needed to clarify factors that may be directly causal as opposed to confounding relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging.,Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
| | - Robert A Stockley
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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47
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Pang M, Yuan Y, Wang D, Li T, Wang D, Shi X, Guo M, Wang C, Zhang X, Zheng G, Yu B, Wang H. Recombinant CC16 protein inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:435-443. [PMID: 28338974 PMCID: PMC5412021 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that Clara cell protein-16 (CC16) has anti-inflammatory functions, although the involved molecular pathways have not been completely elucidated. Here, we evaluated the effect of recombinant rat CC16 (rCC16) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. It was found that rCC16 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 expression at both the messenger ribonucleicacid (mRNA) level and protein level in a concentration-dependent manner, as demonstrated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Such suppressive effects were accompanied by the inhibition of transcriptional activity and the deoxyribonucleic acid binding activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB but not activator protein (AP)-1. Western blot analysis further revealed that rCC16 inhibited the increase of nuclear NF-κB and the reduction of cytosolic NF-κB, the phosphorylation and reduction of NF-κB inhibitory protein IκBα, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent NF-κB activation by phosphorylation at Ser276 of its p65 subunit. Furthermore, rCC16 was found to have no effect on the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Jun, or the nuclear translocation of c-Jun. In addition, reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were reversed when the level of endogenous uteroglobin-binding protein was reduced by RNA interference in rCC16- and LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Our data suggest that rCC16 suppresses LPS-mediated inflammatory mediator TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 production by inactivating NF-κB and p38 MAPK but not AP-1 in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Min Guo
- Center of Laboratory Animal, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Center of Laboratory Animal, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xinri Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guoping Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Baofeng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence address. Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135772; E-mail: (H.W.)/Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135670; (B.Y.)
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence address. Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135772; E-mail: (H.W.)/Tel/Fax: +86-351-4135670; (B.Y.)
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48
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Ostadkarampour M, Müller M, Öckinger J, Kullberg S, Lindén A, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Wahlström J. Distinctive Regulatory T Cells and Altered Cytokine Profile Locally in the Airways of Young Smokers with Normal Lung Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164751. [PMID: 27798682 PMCID: PMC5087844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking influences the immune system in different ways and, hypothetically, effects on pulmonary effector and regulatory T cells emerge as potentially detrimental. Therefore, we characterized the frequencies and characteristics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in the blood and lungs of young tobacco smokers. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood were obtained from healthy moderate smokers (n = 18; 2–24 pack-years) and never-smokers (n = 15), all with normal lung function. Cells were stimulated ex vivo and key intracellular cytokines (IFNγ, IL-17, IL-10 and TNFα) and transcription factors (Foxp3, T-bet and Helios) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Our results indicate that smoking is associated with a decline in lung IL-17+ CD4+ T cells, increased IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells and these alterations relate to the history of daily cigarette consumption. There is an increased fraction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells being Helios- in the lungs of smokers. Cytokine production is mainly confined to the Helios- T cells, both in regulatory and effector subsets. Moreover, we detected a decline of Helios+Foxp3- postulated regulatory CD8+ T cells in smokers. These alterations in the immune system are likely to increase risk for infection and may have implications for autoimmune processes initiated in the lungs among tobacco smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Malin Müller
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Structurally Related Monoterpenes p-Cymene, Carvacrol and Thymol Isolated from Essential Oil from Leaves of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) Protect Mice against Elastase-Induced Emphysema. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101390. [PMID: 27775634 PMCID: PMC6273112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction and inflammation. Natural products, such as monoterpenes, displayed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and can be used as a source of new compounds to COPD treatment. Our aim was to evaluate, in an elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, the effects of and underlying mechanisms of three related natural monoterpenes (p-cymene, carvacrol and thymol) isolated from essential oil from leaves Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae). METHODS Mices received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and were treated with p-cymene, carvacrol, thymol or vehicle 30 min later and again on 7th, 14th and 28th days. Lung inflammatory profile and histological sections were evaluated. RESULTS In the elastase-instilled animals, the tested monoterpenes reduced alveolar enlargement, macrophages and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and collagen fibers, MMP-9 and p-65-NF-κB-positive cells in lung parenchyma (p < 0.05). All treatments attenuated levels of 8-iso-PGF2α but only thymol was able to reduced exhaled nitric oxide (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Monoterpenes p-cymene, carvacrol and thymol reduced lung emphysema and inflammation in mice. No significant differences among the three monoterpenes treatments were found, suggesting that the presence of hydroxyl group in the molecular structure of thymol and carvacrol do not play a central role in the anti-inflammatory effects.
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50
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Lewis JB, Milner DC, Lewis AL, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Albright SC, Merrell BJ, Monson TD, Broberg DS, Gassman JR, Thomas DB, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Up-Regulation of Claudin-6 in the Distal Lung Impacts Secondhand Smoke-Induced Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1018. [PMID: 27763528 PMCID: PMC5086757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has long been understood that increased epithelial permeability contributes to inflammation observed in many respiratory diseases. Recently, evidence has revealed that environmental exposure to noxious material such as cigarette smoke reduces tight junction barrier integrity, thus enhancing inflammatory conditions. Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein found within the tight junctional complex and is implicated in maintaining lung epithelial barriers. To test the hypothesis that increased Cldn6 ameliorates inflammation at the respiratory barrier, we utilized the Tet-On inducible transgenic system to conditionally over-express Clnd6 in the distal lung. Cldn6 transgenic (TG) and control mice were continuously provided doxycycline from postnatal day (PN) 30 until euthanasia date at PN90. A subset of Cldn6 TG and control mice were also subjected to daily secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) via a nose only inhalation system from PN30-90 and compared to room air (RA) controls. Animals were euthanized on PN90 and lungs were harvested for histological and molecular characterization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was procured for the assessment of inflammatory cells and molecules. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed increased Cldn6 expression in TG vs. control animals and SHS decreased Cldn6 expression regardless of genetic up-regulation. Histological evaluations revealed no adverse pulmonary remodeling via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining or any qualitative alterations in the abundance of type II pneumocytes or proximal non-ciliated epithelial cells via staining for cell specific propeptide of Surfactant Protein-C (proSP-C) or Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), respectively. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of Cldn6 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. As a general theme, inflammation induced by SHS exposure was influenced by the availability of Cldn6. These data reveal captivating information suggesting a role for Cldn6 in lungs exposed to tobacco smoke. Further research is critically necessary in order to fully explain roles for tight junctional components such as Cldn6 and other related molecules in lungs coping with exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Dallin C Milner
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Adam L Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Scott C Albright
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Brigham J Merrell
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Daniel B Thomas
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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