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Chen Q, Xia Y, Liu HN, Chi Y, Li X, Shan LS, Dai B, Zhu Y, Wang YT, Miao X, Sun Q. Synthetic approaches and clinical application of representative small-molecule inhibitors of phosphodiesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116769. [PMID: 39163778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) constitute a family of enzymes that play a pivotal role in the regulation of intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Dysregulation of PDE activity has been implicated in diverse pathological conditions encompassing cardiovascular disorders, pulmonary diseases, and neurological disorders. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting PDEs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of these ailments, some of which have been approved for their clinical use. Despite their success, challenges such as resistance mechanisms and off-target effects persist, urging continuous research for the development of next-generation PDE inhibitors. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the synthesis and clinical application of representative approved small-molecule PDE inhibitors, with the aim of offering guidance for further advancements in the development of novel PDE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Nan Liu
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Chi
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Shen Shan
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinxin Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Hernandez Reyes JDLC, Santos Morales O, Hernandez Moreno L, Pino Alfonso PP, Neninger Vinageras E, Knigths Montalvo JL, Aguilar Sosa A, Gonzalez Morera A, Lorenzo-Luaces Alvárez P, Aguilar Venegas Y, Troche Concepción M, Medel Pérez L, Santiesteban González Y, García Fernández L, Regueiro Rodríguez L, Macías Abrahan A, Labrada Mon M, León Monzón K, Saavedra Hernández D, Crombet Ramos T. PREVAX: A Phase I Clinical Trial of an EGF-Based Vaccine in Moderate-to-Severe COPD Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:833. [PMID: 39203959 PMCID: PMC11359286 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR has been suggested to contribute to COPD development and progression. Excessive ligand activation of the receptor leads to epithelial hyperproliferation and increased production of mucus, together with alterations in the primary cilia. The present study was designed to evaluate the safety and effect of depleting EGF in moderate-to-severe COPD patients, with an EGF-based vaccine. PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase I trial was conducted in subjects with moderate or severe COPD. The anti-EGF vaccine schedule consisted of 4 biweekly doses followed by 4 monthly boosters. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine, together with the change in FEV1 and physical function at week 24. RESULTS Twenty-six patients with moderate or severe COPD were included in the trial. The vaccine was well tolerated and no serious related adverse events were reported. Ninety percent of the individuals developed a protective antibody response. The specific anti-EGF antibodies had high avidity and were able to inhibit EGFR phosphorylation. At the end of vaccination, serum EGF became undetectable. At week 24, there was a clinically significant improvement in lung function, with a mean change in trough FEV1 of 106 mL. Patients also increased their physical functioning. CONCLUSIONS The EGF-based vaccine was immunogenic and provoked an EGF exhaustion in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Depleting EGF might result in a meaningful increase in FEV1, with good tolerability. The current results provide new avenues to treat chronic inflammatory lung diseases associated with EGFR aberrant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenysbel de la C. Hernandez Reyes
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Orestes Santos Morales
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Laura Hernandez Moreno
- Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana 10400, Cuba; (L.H.M.); (P.P.P.A.); (E.N.V.); (J.L.K.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Pedro Pablo Pino Alfonso
- Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana 10400, Cuba; (L.H.M.); (P.P.P.A.); (E.N.V.); (J.L.K.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Elia Neninger Vinageras
- Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana 10400, Cuba; (L.H.M.); (P.P.P.A.); (E.N.V.); (J.L.K.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Aliuska Aguilar Sosa
- Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Havana 10400, Cuba; (L.H.M.); (P.P.P.A.); (E.N.V.); (J.L.K.M.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Amnely Gonzalez Morera
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Patricia Lorenzo-Luaces Alvárez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Yadira Aguilar Venegas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Mayelin Troche Concepción
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Loipa Medel Pérez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Yanela Santiesteban González
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Lázara García Fernández
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Lorena Regueiro Rodríguez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Amparo Macías Abrahan
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Mayrel Labrada Mon
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Kalet León Monzón
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Danay Saavedra Hernández
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
| | - Tania Crombet Ramos
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana 11600, Cuba; (J.d.l.C.H.R.); (O.S.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.L.-L.A.); (Y.A.V.); (M.T.C.); (L.M.P.); (Y.S.G.); (L.G.F.); (L.R.R.); (A.M.A.); (M.L.M.); (K.L.M.); (D.S.H.)
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Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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Staller DW, Bennett RG, Mahato RI. Therapeutic perspectives on PDE4B inhibition in adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic liver injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:545-573. [PMID: 38878273 PMCID: PMC11305103 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2369590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a complex disease associated with profound dysfunction. Despite an incredible burden, the first and only pharmacotherapy for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis was only approved in March of this year, indicating a gap in the translation of preclinical studies. There is a body of preclinical work on the application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in CLD, none of these molecules have been successfully translated into clinical use. AREAS COVERED To design therapies to combat CLD, it is essential to consider the dysregulation of other tissues that contribute to its development and progression. As such, proper therapies must combat this throughout the body rather than focusing only on the liver. To detail this, literature characterizing the pathogenesis of CLD was pulled from PubMed, with a particular focus placed on the role of PDE4 in inflammation and metabolism. Then, the focus is shifted to detailing the available information on existing PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION This review gives a brief overview of some of the pathologies of organ systems that are distinct from the liver but contribute to disease progression. The demonstrated efficacy of PDE4 inhibitors in other human inflammatory diseases should earn them further examination for the treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton W. Staller
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert G. Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Maitra S, Baek M, Choe YJ, Kim NC. FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitors reduce the dominant toxicity of ALS-FTD-associated CHCHD10 S59L. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597429. [PMID: 38895204 PMCID: PMC11185730 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10( CHCHD10 ) have been identified as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia(ALS-FTD). In our previous studies using in vivo Drosophila model expressing C2C10H S81L , and human cell models expressing CHCHD10 S59L , we have identified that the PINK1/Parkin pathway is activated and causes cellular toxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pseudo-substrate inhibitors for PINK1 and mitofusin2 agonists mitigated the cellular toxicity of CHCHD10 S59L . Evidences using in vitro/ in vivo genetic and chemical tools indicate that inhibiting PINK1 would be the most promising treatment for CHCHD10 S59L -induced diseases. Therefore, we have investigated cellular pathways that can modulate the PINK1/Parkin pathway and reduce CHCHD10 S59L -induced cytotoxicity. Here, we report that FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitors reduced CHCHD10 S59L -induced morphological and functional mitochondrial defects in human cells and an in vivo Drosophila model expressing C2C10H S81L . Multiple PDE4 inhibitors decreased PINK1 accumulation and downstream mitophagy induced by CHCHD10 S59L . These findings suggest that PDE4 inhibitors currently available in the market may be repositioned to treat CHCHD10 S59L -induced ALS-FTD and possibly other related diseases.
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Kumar A, Kant S, Niranjan V. Phenotype to Treatable Traits-Based Management in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e60423. [PMID: 38882972 PMCID: PMC11179745 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a heterogeneous respiratory disease driven by various genetic and environmental factors, presents significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Traditional approaches focused on phenotypic classification, but recent paradigms emphasize identifying and addressing treatable traits to personalize treatment strategies. Treatable traits facilitate personalized interventions, optimizing symptom control, and reducing exacerbation risk. Dyspnea and exacerbations, recognized as key traits, guide treatment decisions and follow-up management. Various interventions, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and lifestyle modifications, target specific traits like airway inflammation, mucus overproduction, and emphysema. Strategies for assessing and addressing treatable traits during initial encounters and follow-up visits enhance disease monitoring and treatment efficacy. Comprehensive trait assessment demands resources and specialized monitoring, posing barriers to widespread implementation. The lack of standardized protocols and evolving evidence further complicates decision-making and clinical practice. Despite these challenges, the shift toward treatable traits-based management signifies a pivotal advancement in COPD care, emphasizing holistic approaches tailored to individual patient needs. Recognizing and addressing treatable traits offers personalized interventions, enhancing symptom control and disease management. Embracing treatable traits-based approaches holds promise for improving clinical outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Surya Kant
- Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Vijeta Niranjan
- Pathology, T.S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, IND
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Kim KY, Kim YA, Joo HS, Kim JW. The Effect of Roflumilast on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury During Neutropenia Recovery in Mice. In Vivo 2024; 38:1127-1132. [PMID: 38688656 PMCID: PMC11059869 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Patients with pneumonia after prolonged neutropenia are at increased risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The key molecule of endothelial barrier breakdown in sepsis is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Maintaining increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in endothelial cells is effective in preventing endothelial dysfunction and microvascular permeability. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor, is effective in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) during neutropenia recovery in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce neutropenia, all mice were administered intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide. On day 2 after neutropenia, mice were administered LPS by intra-tracheal instillation. In the prevention group, roflumilast was given orally on day 0, when neutropenia was induced. In the treatment group, roflumilast was administered orally 1 hour after LPS injection. RESULTS Roflumilast attenuated histopathological changes associated with LPS-induced lung injury. The accumulation of neutrophils and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were inhibited effectively by roflumilast. Also, MMP-9 and TGF-β expression was attenuated in the roflumilast group. CONCLUSION Roflumilast significantly attenuated LPS-induced ALI during neutropenia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yean Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Soo Joo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
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Hemachandran S, Hu N, Kane CJ, Green SH. Cyclic AMP signaling promotes regeneration of cochlear synapses after excitotoxic or noise trauma. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1363219. [PMID: 38694536 PMCID: PMC11061447 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1363219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cochlear afferent synapses connecting inner hair cells to spiral ganglion neurons are susceptible to excitotoxic trauma on exposure to loud sound, resulting in a noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy (NICS). Here we assessed the ability of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling to promote cochlear synapse regeneration, inferred from its ability to promote axon regeneration in axotomized CNS neurons, another system refractory to regeneration. Methods We mimicked NICS in vitro by applying a glutamate receptor agonist, kainic acid (KA) to organotypic cochlear explant cultures and experimentally manipulated cAMP signaling to determine whether PKA could promote synapse regeneration. We then delivered the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram via implanted subcutaneous minipumps in noise-exposed CBA/CaJ mice to test the hypothesis that cAMP signaling could promote cochlear synapse regeneration in vivo. Results We showed that the application of the cell membrane-permeable cAMP agonist 8-cpt-cAMP or the cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram promotes significant regeneration of synapses in vitro within twelve hours after their destruction by KA. This is independent of neurotrophin-3, which also promotes synapse regeneration. Moreover, of the two independent signaling effectors activated by cAMP - the cAMP Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase - it is the latter that mediates synapse regeneration. Finally, we showed that systemic delivery of rolipram promotes synapse regeneration in vivo following NICS. Discussion In vitro experiments show that cAMP signaling promotes synapse regeneration after excitotoxic destruction of cochlear synapses and does so via PKA signaling. The cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram promotes synapse regeneration in vivo in noise-exposed mice. Systemic administration of rolipram or similar compounds appears to provide a minimally invasive therapeutic approach to reversing synaptopathy post-noise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven H. Green
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Alam I, Hardman SL, Gerard-O'Riley RL, Acton D, Parker RS, Hong JM, Bruzzaniti A, Econs MJ. Effect of Roflumilast, a Selective PDE4 Inhibitor, on Bone Phenotypes in ADO2 Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:419-429. [PMID: 38300304 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis type II (ADO2) is a rare bone disease of impaired osteoclastic bone resorption that usually results from heterozygous missense mutations in the chloride channel 7 (CLCN7) gene. We previously created mouse models of ADO2 (p.G213R) with one of the most common mutations (G215R) as found in humans and demonstrated that this mutation in mice phenocopies the human disease of ADO2. Previous studies have shown that roflumilast (RF), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor that regulates the cAMP pathway, can increase osteoclast activity. We also observed that RF increased bone resorption in both wild-type and ADO2 heterozygous osteoclasts in vitro, suggesting it might rescue bone phenotypes in ADO2 mice. To test this hypothesis, we administered RF-treated diets (0, 20 and 100 mg/kg) to 8-week-old ADO2 mice for 6 months. We evaluated bone mineral density and bone micro-architecture using longitudinal in-vivo DXA and micro-CT at baseline, and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-week post-baseline time points. Additionally, we analyzed serum bone biomarkers (CTX, TRAP, and P1NP) at baseline, 12-, and 24-week post-baseline. Our findings revealed that RF treatment did not improve aBMD (whole body, femur, and spine) and trabecular BV/TV (distal femur) in ADO2 mice compared to the control group treated with a normal diet. Furthermore, we did not observe any significant changes in serum levels of bone biomarkers due to RF treatment in these mice. Overall, our results indicate that RF does not rescue the osteopetrotic bone phenotypes in ADO2 heterozygous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Sara L Hardman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rita L Gerard-O'Riley
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Dena Acton
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Reginald S Parker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michael J Econs
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1120 West Michigan St, CL459, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Zare'i M, Rabieepour M, Ghareaghaji R, Zarrin R, Faghfouri AH. Nanocurcumin supplementation improves pulmonary function in severe COPD patients: A randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1224-1234. [PMID: 38178561 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of nano-curcumin on respiratory indices and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients as a common pulmonary disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems. In the current double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients with stages 3 and 4 COPD were randomly assigned into 80 mg nano-curcumin (n = 30) and placebo groups (n = 30) for 3 months. The effect of nano-curcumin on pulmonary function was evaluated by the first second of forced expiration (FEV1) to the full, forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. IL-6 serum level, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were also measured. Nano-curcumin supplementation led to a significant decrease in IL-6 level (p < 0.001) and an increase in FEV1 (p < 0.001), FVC (p = 0.003), and FEV1/FVC (p < 0.001) compared to placebo at the endpoint. Nano-curcumin had a significantly increasing effect on weight and body mass index compared to the placebo group (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values = 0.042). There was a meaningful improvement in systolic blood pressure in the nano-curcumin group compared to the placebo group (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values = 0.026). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and diastolic blood pressure (PANCOVA adjusted for baseline values >0.05). Nano-curcumin supplement seems to have favorable effects on inflammation status and respiratory indices of patients with severe COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Zare'i
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rabieepour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghareaghaji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rasoul Zarrin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Almalki RS. The Protective Effect of Roflumilast Against Acute Hepatotoxicity Caused by Methotrexate in Wistar Rats: In vivo Evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:453-462. [PMID: 38374827 PMCID: PMC10875972 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s438703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most widely used drugs in cancer chemotherapy and treating rheumatoid arthritis. The hepatotoxicity of MTX is one of its major side effects. Roflumilast (ROF) has been recognized to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in in-vivo and in-vitro models. The present study aimed to explore the potential protective effects of roflumilast against MTX-induced liver toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods High dose of 5 mg/kg for 4 consecutive days subcutaneous (S.C) injection of methotrexate for induction of acute liver injury. A total of 24 Wistar rats, rats were used in four different groups. The NS injections were given S.C to the control group once a day for 4 consecutive days. SC injections of MTX (5 mg/kg) were given to the MTX group daily for four days. At 5 mg/kg once daily for four days, the roflumilast group was given daily oral roflumilast. An injection of MTX and oral roflumilast were given to the MTX + roflumilast group once daily for four consecutive days. Results Administration of high dose MTX (5 mg/kg) today 4 produced a significant decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and a significant increase in ALT and AST liver enzymes, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor suppressor protein (p53), interleukin 6, interleukin 1 levels compared to the control group. Treatment with roflumilast for 4 days significantly attenuated unfavorable changes in these parameters. According to histopathological findings, Roflumilast significantly reduced MTX-induced inflammation and degeneration in the liver. In conclusion, the findings indicate that roflumilast may have a potential therapeutic benefit in treating rats with MTX-induced liver toxicity by mitigating its effects. Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective effects of roflumilast against MTX-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh S Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Yu KH, Tien KW, Wang WC, Chi CH, Tsai KC, Chou CH, Hwang TL, Hung HY. Design and synthesis of pyrazole derivatives against neutrophilic inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115874. [PMID: 37918036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells. However, neutrophil dysregulation leads to acute and chronic inflammation and is involved in various diseases. The aim of this study was to develop anti-inflammatory agents in human neutrophils. A drug screening was conducted on in-house compounds with the potential to inhibit the respiratory burst, which involves the generation of superoxide anions in human neutrophils. Bioisosteric replacement was then applied to design more active derivatives. The most potent inhibitors of superoxide anion generation activity were compounds 58 and 59, which had IC50 values of 13.30 and 9.06 nM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of 58 and 59 were reversed by H89, a PKA inhibitor. PDE selective screening indicated that the best inhibitory effects were PDE4B1 and PDE4D2, and the inhibitory activities were 83% and 85%, respectively, at a 10 μM concentration of 59. The final molecular simulation experiment highlighted the slightly different binding poses of 58 and 59 in the PDE4 active site. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the half-life of 59 was approximately 79 min when using intravenous bolus administration. This work introduced a new class structure of PDE4 inhibitors resulting in potent neutrophil inactivation activity, with the aim of contributing to new anti-inflammatory drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hua Yu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Tien
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Chi
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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13
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Lv S, Zhang G, Huang Y, Li J, Yang N, Lu Y, Ma H, Ma Y, Teng J. Antidepressant pharmacological mechanisms: focusing on the regulation of autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1287234. [PMID: 38026940 PMCID: PMC10665873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The core symptoms of depression are anhedonia and persistent hopelessness. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and their related medications are commonly used for clinical treatment, despite their significant adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine with its multiple targets, channels, and compounds, exhibit immense potential in treating depression. Autophagy, a vital process in depression pathology, has emerged as a promising target for intervention. This review summarized the pharmacological mechanisms of antidepressants by regulating autophagy. We presented insights from recent studies, discussed current research limitations, and proposed new strategies for basic research and their clinical application in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Lv
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haoteng Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Patel P, Patel S, Chudasama P, Soni S, Raval M. Roflumilast ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats through down-regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3285-3297. [PMID: 37318524 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roflumilast is a potent selective inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme which greatly manifest an anti-inflammatory activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary patients. Inflammation is a prominent factor in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential role of roflumilast in diabetic nephropathy. The model was developed by feeding a high-fat diet for four weeks and following streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally. The rats with > 13.8 mmol/L blood glucose were treated with roflumilast (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg) and standard metformin (100 mg/kg) orally once a day for eight weeks. Roflumilast (1 mg/kg) remarkably improved renal damage, indicated by an increase in 16% albumin, a decrease in 5% serum creatinine, 12% BUN, 19% HbA1c, and 34% blood glucose. It also significantly improves the oxidative stress levels, which was indicated by a decrease in 18% MDA level and an increase in GSH, SOD, and catalase by 6%, 4%, and 5%, respectively. In addition, Roflumilast (1 mg/kg) decreased the HOMA-IR index by 28% and increased the pancreatic β-cells functioning by 30%. Moreover, significant improvement in histopathological abnormalities were observed in roflumilast treatment groups. Roflumilast treatment was shown to down-regulate the gene expressions of TNF-α (2.1-fold), NF-kB (2.3-fold), MCP-1 (2.5-fold), fibronectin (2.7-fold), collagen IV (2.7-fold), STAT 1(1.06-fold), and STAT 3 (1.20-fold) and upregulated the expression of the Nrf2 (1.43-fold) gene. Roflumilast manifested a potential role in diabetic nephropathy as a renoprotective agent. Roflumilast effectively down-regulates the JAK/STAT pathway and restores renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), At and Post: Dist. Anand, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Piyush Chudasama
- Department of Research and Development, Sat-Kaival Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Anand, 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh Soni
- Department of Pathology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, 387002, Gujarat, India
| | - Manan Raval
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), At and Post: Dist. Anand, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
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Satori NA, Pacini ESA, Godinho RO. Impact of the cAMP efflux and extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway on airway smooth muscle relaxation induced by formoterol and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110630. [PMID: 37442289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
β2-adrenoceptors agonists and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are effective bronchodilators, due to their ability to increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and induce airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation. We have shown that increment of intracellular cAMP induced by β2-adrenoceptors agonist fenoterol is followed by efflux of cAMP, which is converted by ecto-PDE and ecto-5'-nucleotidases (ecto-5'NT) to adenosine, leading to ASM contraction. Here we evaluate whether other classical bronchodilators used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could induce cAMP efflux and, as consequence, influence the ASM contractility. Our results showed that β2-adrenoceptor agonists formoterol and PDE inhibitors IBMX, aminophylline and roflumilast induced cAMP efflux and a concentration-dependent relaxation of rat trachea precontracted with carbachol. Pretreatment of tracheas with MK-571 (MRP transporter inhibitor), AMP-CP (ecto-5'NT inhibitor) or CGS-15943 (nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist) potentiated the relaxation induced by β2-adrenoceptor agonists but did not change the relaxation induced by PDE inhibitors. These data showed that all bronchodilators tested were able to induce cAMP efflux. However, only β2-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle was affected by cAMP efflux and extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Ayako Satori
- Division of Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Enio Setsuo Arakaki Pacini
- Division of Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosely Oliveira Godinho
- Division of Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Zhai J, Traebert M, Zimmermann K, Delaunois A, Royer L, Salvagiotto G, Carlson C, Lagrutta A. Comparative study for the IMI2-NeuroDeRisk project on microelectrode arrays to derisk drug-induced seizure liability. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107297. [PMID: 37499956 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the framework of the IMI2-NeuroDeRisk consortium, three in vitro electrophysiology assays were compared to improve preclinical prediction of seizure-inducing liabilities. METHODS Two cell models, primary rat cortical neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived glutamatergic neurons co-cultured with hiPSC-derived astrocytes were tested on two different microelectrode array (MEA) platforms, Maestro Pro (Axion Biosystems) and Multiwell-MEA-System (Multi Channel Systems), in three separate laboratories. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and/or picrotoxin (PTX) were included in each plate as positive (n = 3-6 wells) and ≤0.2% DMSO was used as negative controls (n = 3-12 wells). In general, concentrations in a range of 0.1-30 μM were tested, anchored, when possible, on clinically relevant exposures (unbound Cmax) were tested. Activity thresholds for drug-induced changes were set at 20%. To evaluate sensitivity, specificity and predictivity of the cell models, seizurogenic responses were defined as changes in 4 or more endpoints. Concentration dependence trends were also considered. RESULTS Neuronal activity of 33 compounds categorized as positive tool drugs, seizure-positive or seizure-negative compounds was evaluated. Acute drug effects (<60 min) were compared to baseline recordings. Time points < 15 min exhibited stronger, less variable responses to many of the test agents. For many compounds a reduction and cessation of neuronal activity was detected at higher test concentrations. There was not a single pattern of seizurogenic activity detected, even among tool compounds, likely due to different mechanisms of actions and/or off-target profiles. A post-hoc analysis focusing on changes indicative of neuronal excitation is presented. CONCLUSION All cell models showed good sensitivity, ranging from 70 to 86%. Specificity ranged from 40 to 70%. Compared to more conventional measurements of evoked activity in hippocampal slices, these plate-based models provide higher throughput and the potential to study subacute responses. Yet, they may be limited by the random, spontaneous nature of their network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhai
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Coby Carlson
- Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
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Du B, Luo M, Ren C, Zhang J. PDE4 inhibitors for disease therapy: advances and future perspective. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1185-1207. [PMID: 37470147 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The PDE4 enzyme family is specifically responsible for hydrolyzing cAMP and plays a vital role in regulating the balance of second messengers. As a crucial regulator in signal transduction, PDE4 has displayed promising pharmacological targets in a variety of diseases, for which its inhibitors have been used as a therapeutic strategy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development of PDE4 inhibitors in the past few years, along with the structure, clinical and research progress of multiple inhibitors of PDE4, focusing on the research and development strategies of PDE4 inhibitors. We hope our analysis will provide a significant reference for the future development of new PDE4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochan Du
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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18
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Yun HJ, Lee HY. The novel TAK1 inhibitor handelin inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 activity to alleviate elastase-induced emphysema in mice. Life Sci 2023; 319:121388. [PMID: 36640900 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Emphysema, one of the two major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is driven by aberrant inflammatory responses and associated with irreversible lung parenchymal destruction. As effective therapy for preventing or treating COPD/emphysema is yet unavailable, development of molecular targets and therapeutic agents for COPD/emphysema is required. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS We identified handelin-a guaianolide dimer of sesquiterpene lactones- from a chemical library of 431 natural products as it exhibited potent inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/AP-1, and expression of proinflammatory mediators in macrophage cells. In silico docking and biochemical studies enabled the identification of the ATP-binding pocket of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a kinase upstream of NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways, as a molecular target for handelin. Moreover, oral administration of handelin (10 mg/kg) suppressed elastase-induced development of emphysematous phenotypes, including lung function disturbance, airspace enlargement, and increases in the level of neutrophils and CD8+ T cells in lung tissues, without overt toxicity. Consistent with in vitro results, analyses of lung tissues revealed that treatment with handelin suppressed elastase-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activation in the lungs, followed by downregulation of their targets including interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that handelin, as a TAK1 inhibitor, effectively prevents development of emphysema in an elastase-induced mouse model by inhibiting a proinflammatory mediators mediated by NF-κB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for concurrent control of emphysema and lung cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Arezina R, Chen T, Wang D. Conventional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines: Mechanistic Insights into Therapeutic Landscape of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:447-457. [PMID: 37038544 PMCID: PMC10082417 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s393540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a major public health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic guidelines for this disease recommend starting with an inhaled bronchodilator, stepping up to combination therapy as necessary, and/or adding inhaled corticosteroids as symptoms and airflow obstruction progress. However, no drug therapy exists to stop disease progression. The mechanistic definition underlying COPD pathogenesis remains poorly understood, it is generally accepted that oxidative stress and the altered immune response of low-grade airway inflammation are major factors contributing to COPD development. There are several potential therapeutic targets that are currently under investigation, including immune regulatory pathways in inflammation and lung-associated steroid resistance induced by oxidative stress signaling cascades. Patients with COPD have increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including lipid and peptide mediators, as well as a network of cytokines and chemokines that maintain inflammatory immune response and recruit circulating cells into the lungs. Many of these pro-inflammatory mediators are regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 MAPK. Increased oxidative stress is a key driving mechanism in perpetuating inflammation and lung injury. Furthermore, many proteases that degrade elastin fibres are secreted by airway resident infiltrating immune cells in COPD patients. In this perspective, we discuss novel aspects of signaling pathway activation in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the broad view of potential effective pharmacotherapies that target the underlying mechanistic disease process in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radivoj Arezina
- Department of Medical, Stridon Clinical Research, Richmond Upon Thames, London, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Duolao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Correspondence: Duolao Wang, Email
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Silverberg JI, French LE, Warren RB, Strober B, Kjøller K, Sommer MOA, Andres P, Felding J, Weiss A, Tutkunkardas D, Skak-Nielsen T, Guttman E. Pharmacology of orismilast, a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:721-729. [PMID: 36527389 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains an unmet need for oral medications that are safe and efficacious for long-term management of chronic inflammatory skin diseases (CISD). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) can modulate a broad range of pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a major role in CISD pathogenesis. Orismilast is a second generation PDE4 inhibitor in clinical development for CISD treatment. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the PDE4 enzymatic activity and anti-inflammatory effects of orismilast in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. METHODS The PDE1-11 enzymatic activity of orismilast was tested in vitro using a single concentration of 308 nM orismilast. The PDE4 selectivity and inhibitory potency was further examined in a radiometric assay. Orismilast was tested on human whole blood and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to determine effects on its cytokine secretion and inhibition profile ex vivo. Orismilast was orally administered in a murine model of chronic oxazolone-induced ear skin inflammation. Ear thickness, a marker of inflammation, and inflammatory cytokines were analysed. RESULTS Orismilast selectively inhibited PDE4 and demonstrated potent inhibition of PDE4B and PDE4D subtype splice variants in vitro. Orismilast inhibited whole blood and PBMC production of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the secretion of T-helper (Th)1 (TNFα and IFNγ), Th17 (IL-22 and IL-23), and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) related cytokines in PBMC. In vivo, 10 and 30 mg/kg doses of orismilast significantly reduced ear thickness and inflammation markers (p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION Orismilast displayed selective and potent PDE4 inhibition and broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity in several pre-clinical models. The results of the study support clinical development of oral orismilast as a novel treatment option for CISD including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Silverberg
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, District of Columbia, Washington, USA
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany. Dr. Philip Frost, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, Miami, USA
| | - Richard B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bruce Strober
- Yale University and Central Connecticut Dermatology, Connecticut, Cromwell, USA
| | | | - Morten O A Sommer
- UNION therapeutics, A/S, Hellerup, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Weiss
- UNION therapeutics, A/S, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Emma Guttman
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Gezer A, Karadağ Sari E. Investigation of apoptotic and autophagic effects of chronic roflumilast use on testicular tissue in rats by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:276-284. [PMID: 36865049 PMCID: PMC9922372 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.65948.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aims to determine how various dosages of chronic roflumilast affect testicular tissue and testosterone levels in healthy rats. Materials and Methods Biochemical tests, along with histopathological, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence studies, were carried out. Results Loss of tissue in the seminiferous epithelium, degeneration in the interstitial area, a separation between cells, desquamation, interstitial edema, and degenerative alterations in testicular tissue were observed in roflumilast groups when compared with the other groups. While apoptosis and autophagy were statistically negligible in the control and sham groups, the roflumilast groups had significantly higher apoptotic and autophagic alterations, as well as immunopositivity. Serum testosterone levels in the 1 mg/kg roflumilast group were lower than those in the control, sham, and 0.5 mg/kg roflumilast groups. Conclusion Analyses of the research findings revealed that continuous usage of the broad-spectrum active component roflumilast exerted unfavorable effects on the testicular tissue and testosterone levels of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Gezer
- Vocational School of Health Services, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey,Corresponding author: Arzu Gezer. Vocational School of Health Services, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Karadağ Sari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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22
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Nourian YH, Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Salehi Z, Karimi M, Emamvirdizadeh A, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ghanei M. cAMP-PDE signaling in COPD: Review of cellular, molecular and clinical features. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101438. [PMID: 36865738 PMCID: PMC9971187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death among non-contagious diseases in the world. PDE inhibitors are among current medicines prescribed for COPD treatment of which, PDE-4 family is the predominant PDE isoform involved in hydrolyzing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that regulates the inflammatory responses in neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells The aim of this study is to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cAMP-PDE signaling, as an important pathway in the treatment management of patients with COPD. In this review, a comprehensive literature review was performed about the effect of PDEs in COPD. Generally, PDEs are overexpressed in COPD patients, resulting in cAMP inactivation and decreased cAMP hydrolysis from AMP. At normal amounts, cAMP is one of the essential agents in regulating metabolism and suppressing inflammatory responses. Low amount of cAMP lead to activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. PDE4 and PDE7 mRNA transcript levels were not altered in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and CD8 lymphocytes originating from the peripheral venous blood of stable COPD subjects compared to healthy controls. Therefore, cAMP-PDE signaling pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in COPD. By examining the effects of different drugs in this signaling pathway critical steps can be taken in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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24
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Crocetti L, Floresta G, Cilibrizzi A, Giovannoni MP. An Overview of PDE4 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: 2010 to Early 2022. Molecules 2022; 27:4964. [PMID: 35956914 PMCID: PMC9370432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been an attractive target for the treatment of inflammation-based diseases. Several scientific advancements, by both academia and pharmaceutical companies, have enabled the identification of many synthetic ligands for this target, along with the acquisition of precise information on biological requirements and linked therapeutic opportunities. The transition from pre-clinical to clinical phase was not easy for the majority of these compounds, mainly due to their significant side effects, and it took almost thirty years for a PDE4 inhibitor to become a drug i.e., Roflumilast, used in the clinics for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since then, three additional compounds have reached the market a few years later: Crisaborole for atopic dermatitis, Apremilast for psoriatic arthritis and Ibudilast for Krabbe disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the compounds that have reached clinical trials in the last ten years, with a focus on those most recently developed for respiratory, skin and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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25
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Craparo EF, Cabibbo M, Scialabba C, Giammona G, Cavallaro G. Inhalable Formulation Based on Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for the Macrophage Targeted Delivery of Roflumilast. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3439-3451. [PMID: 35899612 PMCID: PMC9364311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Here, novel lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles
(LPHNPs),
targeted to lung macrophages, were realized as potential carriers
for Roflumilast administration in the management of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). To achieve this, Roflumilast-loaded fluorescent
polymeric nanoparticles, based on a polyaspartamide-polycaprolactone
graft copolymer, and lipid vesicles, made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-phosphoethanolamine-N-(polyethylene glycol)-mannose,
were properly combined using a two-step method, successfully obtaining
Roflumilast-loaded hybrid fluorescent nanoparticles (Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast).
These exhibit colloidal size and a negative ζ potential, 50
wt % phospholipids, and a core–shell-type morphology; they
slowly release the entrapped drug in a simulated physiological fluid.
The surface analysis also demonstrated their high surface PEG density,
which confers mucus-penetrating properties. Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast
show high cytocompatibility toward human bronchial epithelium cells
and macrophages and are uptaken by the latter through an active mannose-mediated
targeting process. To achieve an inhalable formulation, the nano-into-micro
strategy was applied, encapsulating Man-LPHFNPs@Roflumilast in poly(vinyl
alcohol)/leucine-based microparticles by spray-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela F Craparo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Cabibbo
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Cinzia Scialabba
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Lab of Biocompatible Polymers, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM) of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Advanced Technology and Network Center (ATeN Center), Università di Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
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26
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Guo P, Li R, Piao TH, Wang CL, Wu XL, Cai HY. Pathological Mechanism and Targeted Drugs of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1565-1575. [PMID: 35855746 PMCID: PMC9288175 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s366126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and small airway obstruction. Incompletely reversible airflow limitation, inflammation, excessive mucus secretion and bronchial mucosal epithelial lesions are the main pathological basis of the disease. The prevalence of COPD is increasingly worldwide, which has caused the burden on individuals and society. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of COPD and clarifies the effect and mechanism of the latest targeted drugs for COPD. Besides, we focus on NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3 inflammasome). NLRP3 can promote production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). NLRP3 is an important factor in the migratory aggregation of macrophages and neutrophils and the generation of oxidative stress. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome indirectly blocks the inflammatory effects of IL-1β and IL-18, which may be regarded as an ideal target for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Hua Piao
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Lan Wang
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lu Wu
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yan Cai
- Pulmonology Department, The First Clinical Hospital of Jilin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
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27
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Moniot A, Braux J, Siboni R, Guillaume C, Audonnet S, Allart-Simon I, Sapi J, Tirouvanziam R, Gérard S, Gangloff SC, Velard F. Inhibition of Recruitment and Activation of Neutrophils by Pyridazinone-Scaffold-Based Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137226. [PMID: 35806233 PMCID: PMC9266889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory diseases, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are known to produce elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases. To limit ensuing exacerbated cell responses and tissue damage, novel therapeutic agents are sought. 4aa and 4ba, two pyridazinone-scaffold-based phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitors are compared in vitro to zardaverine for their ability to: (1) modulate production of pro-inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phagocytosis; (2) modulate degranulation by PMNs after transepithelial lung migration. Compound 4ba and zardaverine were tested in vivo for their ability to limit tissue recruitment of PMNs in a murine air pouch model. In vitro treatment of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PMNs with compounds 4aa and 4ba inhibited the release of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. PMNs phagocytic ability, but not ROS production, was reduced following treatment. Using a lung inflammation model, we proved that PMNs transmigration led to reduced expression of the CD16 phagocytic receptor, which was significantly blunted after treatment with compound 4ba or zardaverine. Using the murine air pouch model, LPS-induced PMNs recruitment was significantly decreased upon addition of compound 4ba or zardaverine. Our data suggest that new pyridazinone derivatives have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases by limiting tissue recruitment and activation of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moniot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Julien Braux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Renaud Siboni
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Christine Guillaume
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Sandra Audonnet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, URCACyt, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Ingrid Allart-Simon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7312 ICMR, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (I.A.-S.); (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Janos Sapi
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7312 ICMR, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (I.A.-S.); (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stéphane Gérard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7312 ICMR, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (I.A.-S.); (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sophie C. Gangloff
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
| | - Frédéric Velard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France; (A.M.); (J.B.); (R.S.); (C.G.); (S.C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-26-91-80-10
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28
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Williams D. The Role of the Pharmacist in Optimizing Outcomes With Roflumilast, a PDE4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of COPD. J Pharm Pract 2022; 35:445-454. [PMID: 33267721 PMCID: PMC9161436 DOI: 10.1177/0897190020969286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pharmacology of roflumilast, recent dosing revisions, and the integral roles of pharmacists in effective chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management are reviewed here. SUMMARY COPD is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and intermittent acute exacerbations of symptoms, which contribute to disease progression, worsening of comorbidities, and reduced health-related quality of life. Patients with COPD may use a variety of pharmacotherapies (in combination with nonpharmacological modalities) to prevent exacerbations, reduce the impact of symptoms, and reduce or prevent COPD progression. Given the complex and multifaceted nature of disease management, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to collaborate with other clinicians to improve treatment adherence and efficacy via a number of diverse avenues in patients with COPD. Central to this endeavor is patient education and counseling regarding their treatment regimen. CONCLUSION Recent findings from a phase 3 clinical trial demonstrate improved tolerability and reduced treatment discontinuation resulting from the use of an uptitration regimen in patients with severe COPD who initiate therapy with roflumilast. Pharmacists have a central role in effective COPD management, especially with respect to patient education about treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Williams
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Kim MO, Lee JW, Lee JK, Song YN, Oh ES, Ro H, Yoon D, Jeong YH, Park JY, Hong ST, Ryu HW, Lee SU, Lee DY. Black Ginseng Extract Suppresses Airway Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharides In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040679. [PMID: 35453364 PMCID: PMC9025275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor that can induce airway enlargement, airway obstruction, and airway mucus hypersecretion. Although studies have shown that Korean black ginseng extract (BGE) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, the CS-induced inflammatory responses and molecular mechanisms are yet to be examined. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BGE on the airway inflammatory response and its molecular mechanisms, using CS/lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-exposed animals and PMA-stimulated human airway epithelial NCI-H292 cells. The results show that BGE inhibited the recruitment of immune cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, elastase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the airways of CS/LPS-exposed animals. BGE inhibited mucus secretion and the expression of Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Furthermore, BGE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating a signaling pathway mediated by transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK) 1, an important protein that accelerates inflammation by cigarette smoke (CS). Overall, the findings show that BGE inhibits lung inflammation and mucus secretion by decreasing the activation of TAK1 both in human epithelial cells and in CS/LPS-exposed animals, and could be a potential adjuvant in the treatment and prevention of airway inflammatory diseases caused by airway irritants such as CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
| | - Jae Kyoung Lee
- Rpbio Research Institute, Rpbio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - Yu Na Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Eun Sol Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Hyunju Ro
- Departments of Biological Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
| | - Yun-Hwa Jeong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yoon Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Sung-Tae Hong
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.R.); (S.U.L.); (D.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6117 (H.W.R.); +82-43-240-6106 (S.U.L.); +82-43-871-5781 (D.Y.L.)
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea; (M.-O.K.); (J.-W.L.); (Y.N.S.); (E.S.O.); (Y.-H.J.); (J.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.R.); (S.U.L.); (D.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6117 (H.W.R.); +82-43-240-6106 (S.U.L.); +82-43-871-5781 (D.Y.L.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.W.R.); (S.U.L.); (D.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-43-240-6117 (H.W.R.); +82-43-240-6106 (S.U.L.); +82-43-871-5781 (D.Y.L.)
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30
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Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Zhukova M, Widera D, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Krupin V, Ermakova N, Skurikhina V, Sandrikina L, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Spiperone Stimulates Regeneration in Pulmonary Endothelium Damaged by Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 16:3575-3591. [PMID: 35002229 PMCID: PMC8722540 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s336410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction and destruction of the pulmonary microcirculation are important pathogenic factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In COPD, bronchial obstruction is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Thus, new pharmacological treatment options aimed at restoring the pulmonary endothelium represent a clinical need in COPD therapy. Notch1 has been shown to protect cells against apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Therefore, drug which effect on Notch1 may be a potential therapeutic target for COPD in the future. Methods In this study, we assessed the potential of spiperone to mediate regeneration of pulmonary endothelium in model of pulmonary emphysema induced by a CSE and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in female C57BL/6 mice. Results Spiperone increased the number of capillaries as well as the expression of the CD31 in the alveolar tissue compared to the controls. Moreover, application of spiperone prevented alveolar wall destruction (DI), and reduced the area of emphysema. Lastly, we demonstrated that spiperone positively influenced mobilization and migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC, CD45−CD34+CD31+), CD309+-endothelial cells, and angiogenesis precursors (CD45−CD117+CD309+) into the lung. Spiperone administration significantly reduced the number Notch1 positive CD309+-endothelial cells and Notch1+ EPCs. Conclusion Overall, our results suggest that spiperone mediates endothelial regeneration in an animal model of COPD. Thus, it could represent a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of emphysema associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Krupin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Lubov Sandrikina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Zhukova M, Widera D, Ermakova N, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778020. [PMID: 34926461 PMCID: PMC8678572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing urgency of the problem of treating small cell lung cancer (SCLC), information on the causes of its development is fragmentary. There is no complete understanding of the features of antitumor immunity and the role of the microenvironment in the development of SCLC resistance. This impedes the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have common pathogenetic factors. COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer including SCLC. Therefore, the search for effective approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SCLC in patients with COPD is an urgent task. This review provides information on the etiology and pathogenesis of SCLC, analyses the effectiveness of current treatment options, and critically evaluates the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CART therapy) in SCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential links between lung cancer and COPD and the role of endothelium in the development of COPD. Finally, we propose a new approach for increasing the efficacy of CART therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110185. [PMID: 34785349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase subtype 4 (PDE4) hydrolyzes cyclic AMP, a secondary messenger that mediates intracellular signaling, and plays key roles in inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Based on these significant anti-inflammatory effects, oral administration of PDE4 inhibitor is approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. However, PDE4 inhibition also has adverse effects, such as diarrhea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and headache. Therefore, the application of PDE4 inhibitors for chronic diseases, such as diabetes and its complications, has not yet been approved. Recent studies have reported the clinical benefits of pentoxifylline, a non-selective PDE inhibitor, in patients with kidney disease. The PDE4 inhibitor, roflumilast, also clearly ameliorates the symptoms of diabetes mellitus by improving hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. However, the beneficial effects of PDE4 inhibition on diabetic nephropathy have not yet been evaluated, and its potential mechanisms of action remain unknown. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of PDE4 inhibitors and their mechanisms of action using diabetes and DN models.
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Kaul M, Sunkara S, Major MJ, Gordon KE, Rubinstein I. Proposed novel treatment paradigm of aberrant gait and balance kinematics in patients with severe COPD. Respirology 2021; 26:914-916. [PMID: 34382283 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Kaul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Medical Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sai Sunkara
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Medical Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew J Major
- Research Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keith E Gordon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Edward Hines, Jr. VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Medical Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Services, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Xiao C, Cheng S, Lin H, Weng Z, Peng P, Zeng D, Du X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Liang Y, Huang R, Chen C, Wang L, Wu H, Li R, Wang X, Zhang R, Yang Z, Li X, Cao X, Yang W. Isoforskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, attenuates cigarette smoke-induced COPD in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153701. [PMID: 34438230 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by limited airflow due to pulmonary and alveolar abnormalities from exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). Current therapeutic drugs are limited and the development of novel treatments to prevent disease progression is challenging. Isoforskolin (ISOF) from the plant Coleus forskohlii is an effective activator of adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms. Previously we found ISOF could attenuate acute lung injury in animal models, while the effect of ISOF on COPD has not been elucidated. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ISOF on COPD and reveal its potential mechanisms. METHODS A rat model of COPD was established by long-term exposure to CS, then the rats were orally administered with ISOF (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg). The pulmonary function, lung morphology, inflammatory cells and cytokines in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated. Transcriptomics, proteomics and network pharmacology analysis were utilized to identify potential mechanisms of ISOF. Droplet digital PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of AC1-10 in donor lung tissues. AC activation was determined in recombinant human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably expressing human AC isoforms. In addition, ISOF caused trachea relaxation ex vivo were assessed in isolated trachea rings from guinea pigs. RESULTS ISOF significantly ameliorated pathological damage of lung tissue and improved pulmonary function in COPD rats. ISOF treatment decreased the number of inflammatory cells in peripheral blood, and also the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF. Consistent with omics-based analyses, ISOF markedly downregulated the mTOR level in lung tissue. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that ISOF treatment reduced the ratio of Th17/Treg cells in peripheral blood. Furthermore, the expression levels of AC1 and AC2 are relatively higher than other AC isoforms in normal lung tissues, and ISOF could potently activate AC1 and AC2 in vitro and significantly relax isolated guinea pig trachea. CONCLUSION Collectively, our studies suggest that ISOF exerts its anti-COPD effect by improving lung function, anti-inflammation and trachea relaxation, which may be related to AC activation, mTOR signaling and Th17/Treg balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sha Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haochang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhiying Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peihua Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Deyou Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaohua Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaqing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lueli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongxiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Weimin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Totani L, Amore C, Piccoli A, Dell'Elba G, Di Santo A, Plebani R, Pecce R, Martelli N, Rossi A, Ranucci S, De Fino I, Moretti P, Bragonzi A, Romano M, Evangelista V. Type-4 Phosphodiesterase (PDE4) Blockade Reduces NETosis in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702677. [PMID: 34566635 PMCID: PMC8456009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation is a key determinant of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Neutrophil-derived free DNA, released in the form of extracellular traps (NETs), significantly correlates with impaired lung function in patients with CF, underlying their pathogenetic role in CF lung disease. Thus, specific approaches to control NETosis of neutrophils migrated into the lungs may be clinically relevant in CF. We investigated the efficacy of phosphodiesterase (PDE) type-4 inhibitors, in vitro, on NET release by neutrophils from healthy volunteers and individuals with CF, and in vivo, on NET accumulation and lung inflammation in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PDE4 blockade curbed endotoxin-induced NET production and preserved cellular integrity and apoptosis in neutrophils, from healthy subjects and patients with CF, challenged with endotoxin, in vitro. The pharmacological effects of PDE4 inhibitors were significantly more evident on CF neutrophils. In a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection, aerosol treatment with roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, gave a significant reduction in free DNA in the BALF. This was accompanied by reduced citrullination of histone H3 in neutrophils migrated into the airways. Roflumilast-treated mice showed a significant improvement in weight recovery. Our study provides the first evidence that PDE4 blockade controls NETosis in vitro and in vivo, in CF-relevant models. Since selective PDE4 inhibitors have been recently approved for the treatment of COPD and psoriasis, our present results encourage clinical trials to test the efficacy of this class of drugs in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Concetta Amore
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Antonio Piccoli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Santo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Romina Pecce
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Martelli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Ranucci
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, S. Liberatore Hospital, Atri, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Virgilio Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Mozzagrogna, Italy
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36
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[64/m-Progressive dyspnea and increased exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: part 59]. Internist (Berl) 2021; 62:400-405. [PMID: 34342663 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Burke H, Wilkinson TMA. Unravelling the mechanisms driving multimorbidity in COPD to develop holistic approaches to patient-centred care. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/160/210041. [PMID: 34415848 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0041-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multimorbidity is common in COPD patients and a key modifiable factor, which requires timely identification and targeted holistic management strategies to improve outcomes and reduce the burden of disease.We discuss the use of integrative approaches, such as cluster analysis and network-based theory, to understand the common and novel pathobiological mechanisms underlying COPD and comorbid disease, which are likely to be key to informing new management strategies.Furthermore, we discuss the current understanding of mechanistic drivers to multimorbidity in COPD, including hypotheses such as multimorbidity as a result of shared common exposure to noxious stimuli (e.g. tobacco smoke), or as a consequence of loss of function following the development of pulmonary disease. In addition, we explore the links to pulmonary disease processes such as systemic overspill of pulmonary inflammation, immune cell priming within the inflamed COPD lung and targeted messengers such as extracellular vesicles as a result of local damage as a cause for multimorbidity in COPD.Finally, we focus on current and new management strategies which may target these underlying mechanisms, with the aim of holistic, patient-centred treatment rather than single disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Burke
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - T M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Roberts MJ, May LT, Keen AC, Liu B, Lam T, Charlton SJ, Rosethorne EM, Halls ML. Inhibition of the Proliferation of Human Lung Fibroblasts by Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists is Linked to a Sustained cAMP Signal in the Nucleus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669227. [PMID: 33995100 PMCID: PMC8116805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease, and current treatments are limited by their side effects. Proliferation of human lung fibroblasts in the pulmonary interstitial tissue is a hallmark of this disease and is driven by prolonged ERK signalling in the nucleus in response to growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Agents that increase cAMP have been suggested as alternative therapies, as this second messenger can inhibit the ERK cascade. We previously examined a panel of eight Gαs-cAMP-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) endogenously expressed in human lung fibroblasts. Although the cAMP response was important for the anti-fibrotic effects of GPCR agonists, the magnitude of the acute cAMP response was not predictive of anti-fibrotic efficacy. Here we examined the reason for this apparent disconnect by stimulating the Gαs-coupled prostacyclin receptor and measuring downstream signalling at a sub-cellular level. MRE-269 and treprostinil caused sustained cAMP signalling in the nucleus and complete inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, iloprost caused a transient increase in nuclear cAMP, there was no effect of iloprost on PDGF-induced ERK in the nucleus, and this agonist was much less effective at reversing PDGF-induced proliferation. This suggests that sustained elevation of cAMP in the nucleus is necessary for efficient inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. This is an important first step towards understanding of the signalling events that drive GPCR inhibition of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Roberts
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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Vinpocetine alleviates lung inflammation via macrophage inflammatory protein-1β inhibition in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251012. [PMID: 33914833 PMCID: PMC8084130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a well-known bronchial disease that causes bronchial inflammation, narrowing of the bronchial tubes, and bronchial mucus secretion, leading to bronchial blockade. In this study, we investigated the association between phosphodiesterase (PDE), specifically PDE1, and asthma using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX; a non-specific PDE inhibitor) and vinpocetine (Vinp; a PDE1 inhibitor). Balb/c mice were randomized to five treatment groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA), OVA + IBMX, OVA + Vinp, and OVA + dexamethasone (Dex). All mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, except for the control group. IBMX, Vinp, or Dex was intraperitoneally administered 1 h before the challenge. Vinp treatment significantly inhibited the increase in airway hyper-responsiveness (P<0.001) and reduced the number of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, in the lungs (P<0.01). It also ameliorated the damage to the bronchi and alveoli and decreased the OVA-specific IgE levels in serum, an indicator of allergic inflammation increased by OVA (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increase in interleukin-13, a known Th2 cytokine, was significantly decreased by Vinp (P<0.05), and Vinp regulated the release and mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) increased by OVA (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that PDE1 is associated with allergic lung inflammation induced by OVA. Thus, PDE1 inhibitors can be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
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Kim DY, Nam J, Chung JS, Kim SW, Shin HJ. Role of Roflumilast Combined with ESHAP Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:301-313. [PMID: 33940789 PMCID: PMC8756117 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There are unmet needs associated with the current treatment strategies for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) due to the poor treatment outcomes of these strategies. Roflumilast, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor used for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is effective against B-cell malignancy via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–activity suppression. We analyzed the effects of roflumilast combined with ESHAP (etoposide, cisplatin, methylprednisolone, and cytarabine) chemotherapy in experimental and clinical settings. Materials and Methods An in vitro study using lymphoma cell lines and a pilot study on relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients were conducted to investigate the effects and mechanism of the combination of roflumilast and chemotherapy. The complete response (CR), overall response rate (ORR), and 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Results We found that roflumilast is efficient when combined with other chemotherapy drugs, especially cytarabine. Synergistic effects between these two drugs influence the translation of mammalian target of rapamycin and myeloid cell leukemia 1, resulting in apoptosis and inhibition of B-cell lymphoma proliferation. In clinical setting, the roflumilast group showed better rates of CR (46.2% vs. 34.6%), ORR (76.9% vs. 53.8%), and 1-year PFS (50.0% vs. 25.9%) compared with the control group, though not statistically significant. The roflumilast group showed a higher incidence of asthenia and gastrointestinal adverse events. However, grade 3 or 4 adverse events were similar in both groups. Conclusion We found that roflumilast, when combined with ESHAP chemotherapy, for relapsed/refractory DLBCL was clinically active and well tolerated. This combined treatment was able to suppress PI3K activity, which is correlated with the degree of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemical Research Institution, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jehyun Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Joo-Seop Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemical Research Institution, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Biochemical Research Institution, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Gao L, Zeng N, Yuan Z, Wang T, Chen L, Yang D, Xu D, Wan C, Wen F, Shen Y. Knockout of Formyl Peptide Receptor-1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632225. [PMID: 33981222 PMCID: PMC8110203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR-1) has been reported to be implicated in the regulation of inflammatory disorders, while its role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway inflammation has not been fully explained. In this study, we investigated the role of FPR-1 in CS-induced airway inflammation and the possible mechanism through gene knockout (KO) technology and transcriptional study. Methods: FPR-1 KO or wild-type C57BL/6 mice were exposed to mainstream CS to establish an airway inflammation model. Cell counts and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung tissues were collected for histological examination, polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, transcriptomic gene study, and related bioinformatics analysis. Results: CS exposure induced significant histological inflammatory changes, increased neutrophils, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the BALF of wild-type mice, which were all attenuated by KO of FPR-1. The transcriptomic gene study showed a total of 198 up-regulated genes and 282 down-regulated genes in mouse lungs. Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) suggested these differentiated expressed genes were significantly related to the immune, chemotaxis responses, and cross-talked with a complicated network of signaling pathways including NF-κB. Western blot validated that KO of FPR-1 inhibited CS-induced NF-κB activation. Conclusion: Knockout of FPR-1 significantly ameliorates CS-induced airway inflammation in mice, possibly via its related immune-chemotaxis responses and inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicheng Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Deqing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongchun Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, China
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Dawson RE, Jenkins BJ, Saad MI. IL-6 family cytokines in respiratory health and disease. Cytokine 2021; 143:155520. [PMID: 33875334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung fibrosis represent a major burden on healthcare systems with limited effective therapeutic options. Developing effective treatments for these debilitating diseases requires an understanding of how alterations at the molecular level affect lung macroscopic architecture. A common theme among these lung disorders is the presence of an underlying dysregulated immune system which can lead to sustained chronic inflammation. In this respect, several inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, thus leading to the notion that cytokines are attractive therapeutic targets for these disorders. In this review, we discuss and highlight the recent breakthroughs that have enhanced our understanding of the role of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines in lung homeostasis and chronic diseases including asthma, COPD, lung fibrosis and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E Dawson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed I Saad
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Roflumilast and tadalafil improve learning and memory deficits in intracerebroventricular Aβ1-42 rat model of Alzheimer's disease through modulations of hippocampal cAMP/cGMP/BDNF signaling pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1287-1302. [PMID: 33860460 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-dependent neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive impairment of memory and cognitive functions. Cyclic nucleotides like cAMP and cGMP are well-known to play an important role in learning and memory functions. Enhancement of cAMP and cGMP levels in the hippocampus by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic approach for AD. Thus, the present study was planned to explore the therapeutic potential of roflumilast (RFM) and tadalafil (TDF) phosphodiesterase inhibitors in intracerebroventricular (ICV) Aβ1-42 induced AD in rats. METHODS ICV Aβ1-42 was administered in rats followed by treatment with RFM (0.05 mg/kg) and TDF (0.51 mg/kg) for 15 days. Novel object recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed during the drug treatment schedule. On the day, 22 rats were sacrificed, and hippocampus was separated for biochemical, neuroinflammation, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS Aβ1-42 infused rats were induce behavioral impairment and increased AChE, BACE-1, Aβ1-42, GSK-3β, phosphorylated tau (p-Tau), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, oxidative stress (increased MDA, Nitrite and decreased GSH), histopathological changes, and reduced cAMP, cGMP, and BDNF levels. RFM and TDF significantly attenuated Aβ1-42 induced memory deficits and neuropathological alterations in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The outcomes of the current study indicate that RFM and TDF lead to memory enhancement through upregulation of cAMP/cGMP/BDNF pathway, thus they may have a therapeutic potential in cognitive deficits associated with AD.
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Spera AM. Are nucleotide inhibitors, already used for treating hepatitis C virus infection, a potential option for the treatment of COVID-19 compared with standard of care? A literature review. World J Virol 2021; 10:53-61. [PMID: 33816150 PMCID: PMC7995413 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is global pandemic with various clinical presentations, ranging from cold to sometimes unrecoverable acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although urgently needed, currently there are no specific treatments for COVID-19. Repurposing existing pharmaceuticals to treat COVID-19 is crucial to control the pandemic. In silico and in vitro studies suggest that a nucleotide inhibitor called Sofosbuvir, has also antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from suppressing other positive-strand ribonucleic Acid viruses with conserved polymerase (hepatitis C virus). The aim of this study was to assess if Sofosbuvir improves clinical outcomes in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19. A compre-hensive overview of scientific literature has been made. Terms searched in PubMed were: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, nucleotide inhibitors, pandemic, Sofosbuvir. Results clinical trials conducted among adults with moderate or severe COVID-19 were analyzed. Patients were divided in treatment and control arms, receiving Sofosbuvir plus standard care and standard care alone respectively. The addition of Sofosbuvir to standard care significantly reduced the duration of hospital stay compared with standard care alone in clinical trials examined. If efficacy of these repurposed, cheap and easily available drug against SARS-CoV-2 is further demonstrated, it could be essential to refine the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Spera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Study of Salerno, Salerno 84131, Italy
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Mandru R, Zhou CY, Pauley R, Burkes RM. Considerations for and Mechanisms of Adjunct Therapy in COPD. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061225. [PMID: 33809583 PMCID: PMC7999347 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids, when indicated, form the backbone of COPD therapy. However, over the last decade there has been an emergence of adjunct therapies in oral or inhaled form that are now part of the therapeutic approach to COPD. While these therapies have shown to be beneficial when used in the appropriate instances, there are particular considerations that need to be minded when using these therapies. This review article discussed the mechanism of roflumilast, macrolide antibiotics, other chronic antibiotic regimens, vitamin D supplementation, oral corticosteroids, n-acetylcysteine, and nebulized hypertonic saline, the clinical data behind each of these therapies, adverse events associated with therapy, and the expert recommendations for their utilization. Our goal is to provide a brief but informative and clinically useful review of commonly encountered therapies used in advanced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Mandru
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Christine Y. Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (C.Y.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Rachel Pauley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (C.Y.Z.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert M. Burkes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang C, Xing Z, Tan M, Wu Y, Zeng W. Roflumilast Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Inflammation in Astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4167-4174. [PMID: 33644540 PMCID: PMC7906587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose: Astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in anesthetic isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Roflumilast, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has displayed a wide range of anti-inflammatory capacity in different types of cells and tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether roflumilast possesses a protective effect against isoflurane-induced insults in mouse primary astrocytes. Methods: Primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortices of immature rats. The production of NO was determined using DAF-FM DA staining assay. QRT-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, and BDNF in the astrocytes treated with different therapies. The gene expressions and concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 released by the astrocytes were detected using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The expression levels of phosphorylated CREB and PGE2 were determined using western blot and ELISA, respectively. H89 was introduced to evaluate the function of CREB. Recombinant human BDNF and ANA-12 were used to verify the role of BDNF. Results: The upregulated iNOS, excessive production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1, and activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in the astrocytes induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of roflumilast, in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, we found that BDNF could be upregulated by roflumilast, which was verified to be related to the activation of CREB and blocked by H89 (a CREB inhibitor). In addition, the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway activated by isoflurane can be inactivated by recombinant human BDNF. Finally, the regulatory effect of roflumilast against the isoflurane-activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway was significantly blocked by ANA-12, which is a BDNF inhibitor. Conclusion: Roflumilast might ameliorate isoflurane-induced inflammation in astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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S SLJ, V R. Scope of adjuvant therapy using roflumilast, a PDE-4 inhibitor against COVID-19. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 66:101978. [PMID: 33259924 PMCID: PMC7833560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an extraordinary challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. The pathogenesis implicate acute respiratory disorder (ARD) which is attributed to significantly triggered "cytokine storm" and compromised immune system. This article summarizes the likely benefits of roflumilast, a Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor as a comprehensive support COVID-19 pathogenesis. Roflumilast, a well-known anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drug, is protective against respiratory models of chemical and smoke induced lung damage. There is significant data which demonstrate the protective effect of PDE-4 inhibitor in respiratory viral models and is likely to be beneficial in combating COVID-19 pathogenesis. Roflumilast is effective in patients with severe COPD by reducing the rate of exacerbations with the improvement of the lung function, which might further be beneficial for better clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. However, further clinical trials are warranted to examine this conjecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugin Lal Jabaris S
- Department of Pharmacology, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Anna Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai-106, India.
| | - Ranju V
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, Microbiology and In Vitro Toxicology, Eurofins Advinus, Phase 21 & 22, Bangalore-560 058, India
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Cho J, Min HY, Lee HJ, Hyun SY, Sim JY, Noh M, Hwang SJ, Park SH, Boo HJ, Lee HJ, Hong S, Park RW, Shin YK, Hung MC, Lee HY. RGS2-mediated translational control mediates cancer cell dormancy and tumor relapse. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136779. [PMID: 33393490 PMCID: PMC7773398 DOI: 10.1172/jci136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow-cycling/dormant cancer cells (SCCs) have pivotal roles in driving cancer relapse and drug resistance. A mechanistic explanation for cancer cell dormancy and therapeutic strategies targeting SCCs are necessary to improve patient prognosis, but are limited because of technical challenges to obtaining SCCs. Here, by applying proliferation-sensitive dyes and chemotherapeutics to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, we identified a distinct SCC subpopulation that resembled SCCs in patient tumors. These SCCs displayed major dormancy-like phenotypes and high survival capacity under hostile microenvironments through transcriptional upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2). Database analysis revealed RGS2 as a biomarker of retarded proliferation and poor prognosis in NSCLC. We showed that RGS2 caused prolonged translational arrest in SCCs through persistent eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation via proteasome-mediated degradation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Translational activation through RGS2 antagonism or the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, including sildenafil (Viagra), promoted ER stress-induced apoptosis in SCCs in vitro and in vivo under stressed conditions, such as those induced by chemotherapy. Our results suggest that a low-dose chemotherapy and translation-instigating pharmacological intervention in combination is an effective strategy to prevent tumor progression in NSCLC patients after rigorous chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebeom Cho
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Seung Yeob Hyun
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Jeong Yeon Sim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkyung Noh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
| | - Su Jung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoul Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
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Patel DR, Urva S, Ho S, Buckman CJ, Ma Y, Lim J, Sissons SE, Zuniga MS, Philips D, Cox K, Dairaghi DJ. Characterization of LY2775240, a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in nonclinical models and in healthy subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1037-1048. [PMID: 33382916 PMCID: PMC8212710 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract LY2775240 is a highly selective, potent and orally‐administered inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), and is being investigated as a treatment option for inflammatory disorders, such as psoriasis. LY2775240 was investigated in rodent and rhesus monkey nonclinical models. Treatment with LY2775240 led to significant reductions in TNFα production, a marker of PDE4 engagement upon immune activation, in both nonclinical models. In the first part of a 2‐part first‐in‐human randomized study, a wide dose range of LY2775240 was safely evaluated and found to be well‐tolerated with common adverse events (AEs) of nausea, diarrhea, and headache. No serious AEs were reported. The pharmacokinetic profile of LY2775240 was well‐characterized, with a half‐life that can support once‐a‐day dosing. An ex vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) assay demonstrated dose‐dependent PDE4 target engagement as assessed by reduction in TNFα production. A 20 mg dose of LY2775240 led to near‐maximal TNFα inhibition in this PD assay in the first part of the study and was selected for comparison with the clinical dose of apremilast (30 mg) in the crossover, second part of this study. The 20 mg dose of LY2775240 demonstrated sustained maximal (50%–80%) inhibition of TNFα over all timepoints over the 24‐h duration. The comparator apremilast achieved peak inhibition of ~ 50% at only 4 h postdose with a return to about 10% inhibition within 12 h of dosing. In summary, the nonclinical data and safety, tolerability, and PK/PD data in healthy subjects supports further investigation of LY2775240 in inflammatory indications. Study Highlights WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ON THE TOPIC?
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, such as apremilast, are currently approved to treat autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis. LY2775240 is an oral PDE4 inhibitor being developed for treatment of a variety of inflammatory disorders. The degree of enzymatic inhibition achieved by PDE4 inhibitors clinically is poorly understood.
WHAT QUESTION DID THIS STUDY ADDRESS?
This study investigated single ascending doses of LY2775240, a highly selective oral PDE4 inhibitor, in healthy subjects. LY2775240 was well‐tolerated over the dose range evaluated, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles were well‐characterized.
WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD TO OUR KNOWLEDGE?
This study evaluated different doses of LY2775240 and subsequently compared a selected LY2775240 dose with the clinical dose of apremilast with an ex vivo assay. This information builds a connection between target engagement and clinical efficacy.
HOW MIGHT THIS CHANGE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OR TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE?
This is the first report of an ex vivo PD assay that has been systematically implemented in a PDE4 inhibitor Phase 1 study. Early investigation of exposure‐response relationships versus a comparator can support evaluation of clinically meaningful doses of investigational agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak R Patel
- Clinical Services, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shweta Urva
- Global PK/PD & Pharmacometrics, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen Ho
- Translational Sciences - Autoimmunity, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Cody J Buckman
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yanfei Ma
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jean Lim
- Global PK/PD & Pharmacometrics - SG, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sean E Sissons
- Translational Sciences - Autoimmunity, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary S Zuniga
- Translational Sciences - Autoimmunity, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Diane Philips
- Clinical Pharmacology, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karen Cox
- Translational Sciences - Autoimmunity, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel J Dairaghi
- Immunology Discovery Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Regulation of PD-L1 expression is a novel facet of cyclic-AMP-mediated immunosuppression. Leukemia 2020; 35:1990-2001. [PMID: 33299141 PMCID: PMC8187478 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic-AMP (cAMP) exerts suppressive effects in the innate and adaptive immune system. The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint down-regulates T-cell activity. Here, we examined if these two immunosuppressive nodes intersect. Using normal and malignant lymphocytes from humans, and the phosphodiesterase 4b (Pde4b) knockout mouse, we found that cAMP induces PD-L1 transcription and protein expression. Mechanistically, we discovered that the cAMP effectors PKA and CREB induce the transcription/secretion of IL-10, IL-8 and IL-6, which initiate an autocrine loop that activates the JAK/STAT pathway and ultimately increase PD-L1 expression in the cell surface. This signaling axis is disarmed at two specific nodes in subsets of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which may help explain the variable PD-L1 expression in these tumors. In vivo, we found that despite its immunosuppressive attributes, the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast did not decrease the clinical activity of checkpoint inhibitors, an important clinical observation given the approved use of these agents in multiple diseases. In summary, we discovered that PD-L1 induction is a part of the repertoire of immunosuppressive actions mediated by cAMP, defined a cytokine-mediated autocrine loop that executes this action and, reassuringly, showed that PDE4 inhibition does not antagonize immune checkpoint blockade in an in vivo syngeneic lymphoma model.
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