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Rothman A, Mann D, Nunez JA, Tarmidi R, Restrepo H, Sarukhanov V, Williams R, Evans WN. A Bioinformatic Algorithm based on Pulmonary Endoarterial Biopsy for Targeted Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Therapy. Open Respir Med J 2023; 17:e187430642308160. [PMID: 38655076 PMCID: PMC11037516 DOI: 10.2174/18743064-v17-230927-2023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Optimal pharmacological therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unclear, as pathophysiological heterogeneity may affect therapeutic outcomes. A ranking methodology based on pulmonary vascular genetic expression analysis could assist in medication selection and potentially lead to improved prognosis. Objective To describe a bioinformatics approach for ranking currently approved pulmonary arterial antihypertensive agents based on gene expression data derived from percutaneous endoarterial biopsies in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Methods We created a chronic PAH model in Micro Yucatan female swine by surgical anastomosis of the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A baseline catheterization, angiography and pulmonary endoarterial biopsy were performed. We obtained pulmonary vascular biopsy samples by passing a biopsy catheter through a long 8 French sheath, introduced via the carotid artery, into 2- to 3-mm peripheral pulmonary arteries. Serial procedures were performed on days 7, 21, 60, and 180 after surgical anastomosis. RNA microarray studies were performed on the biopsy samples. Results Utilizing the medical literature, we developed a list of PAH therapeutic agents, along with a tabulation of genes affected by these agents. The effect on gene expression from pharmacogenomic interactions was used to rank PAH medications at each time point. The ranking process allowed the identification of a theoretical optimum three-medication regimen. Conclusion We describe a new potential paradigm in the therapy for PAH, which would include endoarterial biopsy, molecular analysis and tailored pharmacological therapy for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Rothman
- Children’s Heart Center Nevada, 3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 2040 W. Charleston Blvd Ste. 402, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA
| | - David Mann
- Vascular Biosciences, 72 Santa Felicia Drive, Goleta, CA, 93117, USA
| | - Jose A. Nunez
- Vascular Biosciences, 72 Santa Felicia Drive, Goleta, CA, 93117, USA
- College of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Lagoon Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Reinhardt Tarmidi
- Vascular Biosciences, 72 Santa Felicia Drive, Goleta, CA, 93117, USA
- College of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Lagoon Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Humberto Restrepo
- Children’s Heart Center Nevada, 3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 2040 W. Charleston Blvd Ste. 402, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA
| | - Valeri Sarukhanov
- Children’s Heart Center Nevada, 3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
| | - Roy Williams
- Vascular Biosciences, 72 Santa Felicia Drive, Goleta, CA, 93117, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0761, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William N. Evans
- Children’s Heart Center Nevada, 3131 La Canada, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 2040 W. Charleston Blvd Ste. 402, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA
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Carter KJ, Ward AT, Kellawan JM, Harrell JW, Peltonen GL, Roberts GS, Al-Subu A, Hagen SA, Serlin RC, Eldridge MW, Wieben O, Schrage WG. Reduced basal macrovascular and microvascular cerebral blood flow in young adults with metabolic syndrome: potential mechanisms. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:94-108. [PMID: 37199780 PMCID: PMC10292973 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00688.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-million Americans suffer metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), increasing the risk of diabetes and poor brain outcomes, including neuropathology linked to lower cerebral blood flow (CBF), predominantly in anterior regions. We tested the hypothesis that total and regional CBF is lower in MetSyn more so in the anterior brain and explored three potential mechanisms. Thirty-four controls (25 ± 5 yr) and 19 MetSyn (30 ± 9 yr), with no history of cardiovascular disease/medications, underwent four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify macrovascular CBF, whereas arterial spin labeling quantified brain perfusion in a subset (n = 38/53). Contributions of cyclooxygenase (COX; n = 14), nitric oxide synthase (NOS, n = 17), or endothelin receptor A signaling (n = 13) were tested with indomethacin, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), and Ambrisentan, respectively. Total CBF was 20 ± 16% lower in MetSyn (725 ± 116 vs. 582 ± 119 mL/min, P < 0.001). Anterior and posterior brain regions were 17 ± 18% and 30 ± 24% lower in MetSyn; reductions were not different between regions (P = 0.112). Global perfusion was 16 ± 14% lower in MetSyn (44 ± 7 vs. 36 ± 5 mL/100 g/min, P = 0.002) and regionally in frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes (range 15-22%). The decrease in CBF with L-NMMA (P = 0.004) was not different between groups (P = 0.244, n = 14, 3), and Ambrisentan had no effect on either group (P = 0.165, n = 9, 4). Interestingly, indomethacin reduced CBF more in Controls in the anterior brain (P = 0.041), but CBF decrease in posterior was not different between groups (P = 0.151, n = 8, 6). These data indicate that adults with MetSyn exhibit substantially reduced brain perfusion without regional differences. Moreover, this reduction is not due to loss of NOS or gain of ET-1 signaling but rather a loss of COX vasodilation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the impact of insulin resistance (IR) on resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Using MRI and research pharmaceuticals to study the role of NOS, ET-1, or COX signaling, we found that adults with MetSyn exhibit substantially lower CBF that is not explained by changes in NOS or ET-1 signaling. Interestingly, adults with MetSyn show a loss of COX-mediated vasodilation in the anterior but not posterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aaron T Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
| | - John W Harrell
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Garrett L Peltonen
- School of Nursing and Kinesiology, Western New Mexico University, Silver City, New Mexico, United States
| | - Grant S Roberts
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Awni Al-Subu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Scott A Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ronald C Serlin
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Marlowe W Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - William G Schrage
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Li Y, Li B, Chen WD, Wang YD. Role of G-protein coupled receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1130312. [PMID: 37342437 PMCID: PMC10277692 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1130312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with CVDs accounting for nearly 30% of deaths worldwide each year. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most prominent family of receptors on the cell surface, and play an essential regulating cellular physiology and pathology. Some GPCR antagonists, such as β-blockers, are standard therapy for the treatment of CVDs. In addition, nearly one-third of the drugs used to treat CVDs target GPCRs. All the evidence demonstrates the crucial role of GPCRs in CVDs. Over the past decades, studies on the structure and function of GPCRs have identified many targets for the treatment of CVDs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of GPCRs in the function of the cardiovascular system from both vascular and heart perspectives, then analyze the complex ways in which multiple GPCRs exert regulatory functions in vascular and heart diseases. We hope to provide new ideas for the treatment of CVDs and the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, The People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Kappes L, Amer RL, Sommerlatte S, Bashir G, Plattfaut C, Gieseler F, Gemoll T, Busch H, Altahrawi A, Al-Sbiei A, Haneefa SM, Arafat K, Schimke LF, Khawanky NE, Schulze-Forster K, Heidecke H, Kerstein-Staehle A, Marschner G, Pitann S, Ochs HD, Mueller A, Attoub S, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Riemekasten G, Al-Ramadi BK, Cabral-Marques O. Ambrisentan, an endothelin receptor type A-selective antagonist, inhibits cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15931. [PMID: 32985601 PMCID: PMC7522204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported a central role of the endothelin type A receptor (ETAR) in tumor progression leading to the formation of metastasis. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of the FDA-approved ETAR antagonist, Ambrisentan, which is currently used to treat patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In vitro, Ambrisentan inhibited both spontaneous and induced migration/invasion capacity of different tumor cells (COLO-357 metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, OvCar3 ovarian carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma, and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia). Whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq indicated Ambrisentan's inhibitory effects on the whole transcriptome of resting and PAR2-activated COLO-357 cells, which tended to normalize to an unstimulated profile. Finally, in a pre-clinical murine model of metastatic breast cancer, treatment with Ambrisentan was effective in decreasing metastasis into the lungs and liver. Importantly, this was associated with a significant enhancement in animal survival. Taken together, our work suggests a new therapeutic application for Ambrisentan in the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kappes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruba L Amer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabine Sommerlatte
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ghada Bashir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Corinna Plattfaut
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Gieseler
- Section Experimental Oncology, University Hospital and Medical School (UKSH), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology (LIED) and Institute of Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Abeer Altahrawi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shoja M Haneefa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kholoud Arafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze-Forster
- CellTrend GmbH, Luckenwalde, Brandenburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Anja Kerstein-Staehle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gabriele Marschner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silke Pitann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antje Mueller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1730, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil.
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In vitro affinity maturation of antibody against membrane-bound GPCR molecules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7703-7717. [PMID: 31359103 PMCID: PMC6719327 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, are among the most important targets against which many small molecule drugs have been developed. However, only two antibody drugs targeting GPCRs have been approved for clinical use although many antibody drugs against non-GPCR protein targets have been successfully developed for various disease indications. One of the challenges for developing anti-GPCR drugs is the high difficulty to perform affinity maturation due to their insolubility in aqueous solutions. To address this issue, CHO cell display libraries of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and full-length antibodies were maturated directly against vesicle probes prepared from CHO cells displaying the endothelin A receptor (ETaR) GPCR. The probe in the vesicle form ensures the physiological conformation and functional activity of the protein and avoids issues with membrane protein insolubility. The size of the vesicle had a clear effect on protein-ligand interaction; we used small-sized vesicles with low expression levels of GPCRs for the affinity maturation. Four rounds of affinity maturation combining vesicles as probes with the CHO cell display platform improved affinity by 13.58-fold for scFvs and 5.05-fold for full-length antibodies. We expect that this method will not only be used for the affinity maturation of antibodies against GPCRs but will also be used to mature antibodies for other types of proteins where the conformation/activity of which depends on the proper membrane environment.
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Lee H, Yeom A, Kim KC, Hong YM. Effect of Ambrisentan Therapy on the Expression of Endothelin Receptor, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and NADPH Oxidase 4 in Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:866-876. [PMID: 31165592 PMCID: PMC6713827 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Elevated endothelin (ET)-1 level is strongly correlated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Expression level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) 4 is increased in the PAH patients. Ambrisentan, a selective endothelin receptor A (ERA) antagonist, is widely used in PAH therapy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ambrisentan treatment in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model. Methods Rats were categorized into control group (C), monocrotaline group (M) and ambrisentan group (Am). The M and Am were subcutaneously injected 60 mg/kg MCT at day 0, and in Am, ambrisentan was orally administered the day after MCT injection for 4 weeks. The right ventricle (RV) pressure was measured and pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed by Victoria blue staining. Protein expressions of ET-1, ERA, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NOX4 were confirmed by western blot analysis. Results Ambrisentan treatment resulted in a recovery of the body weight and RV/left ventricle+septum at week 4. The RV pressure was lowered at weeks 2 and 4 after ambrisentan administration. Medial wall thickening of pulmonary arterioles and the number of intra-acinar arteries were also attenuated by ambrisentan at week 4. Protein expression levels of ET-1 and eNOS were recovered at weeks 2 and 4, and ERA levels recovered at week 4. Conclusions Ambrisentan administration resulted in the recovery of ET-1, ERA and eNOS protein expression levels in the PAH model. However, the expression level of NOX4 remained unaffected after ambrisentan treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arim Yeom
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Chang Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mi Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ho PC, Tsui YC, Lin YW, Persaud SD, Wei LN. Endothelin-1 promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of RIP140 through a ET(A)-PLCβ-PKCε pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:176-83. [PMID: 22209746 PMCID: PMC3288750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The physiological signal activating cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) in adipocytes was unclear. We uncover that endothelin-1 (ET-1) promotes cytoplasmic accumulation of RIP140 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We determine ET-1's signal transduction pathway in adipocytes, which is by activating ET(A) receptor-PLCβ-nuclear PKCε. Blocking this pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures, by treating cells with an ET(A) antagonist, inhibiting PLCβ, or silencing PKCε, reduces ET-1-stimulated cytoplasmic accumulation of RIP140. In a HFD-fed obese mouse model, administration of a selective ET(A) antagonist, ambrisentan, effectively dampens cytoplasmic accumulation of RIP140 in the epididymal adipose tissue and reduces HFD-caused adipocyte dysfunctions. Importantly, ambrisentan improves blood glucose control and reduces the severity of hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. This study reports a physiological signal that stimulates nuclear export of RIP140 in adipocytes and provides evidence for a strategy using selective ET(A) antagonist to treat obesity-induced insulin resistance and, possibly, other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA
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Xia J, Li J, Sun H. Insights into ET(A) subtype selectivity of benzodiazepine endothelin receptor antagonists by 3D-QSAR approaches. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1299-311. [PMID: 21748330 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ET(A) subtype selective antagonists constitute a novel and potentially important class of agents for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and other pathological conditions. In this paper, 60 benzodiazepine derivatives displaying potent activities against ET(A) and ET(B) subtypes of endothelin receptor were selected to establish the 3D-QSAR models using CoMFA and CoMSIA approaches. These models show excellent internal predictability and consistency, external validation using test-set 19 compounds yields a good predictive power for antagonistic potency. Statistical parameters of models were obtained with CoMFA-ET(A) (q (2) = 0.787, r (2) = 0.935, r (2) ( pred ) = 0.901), CoMFA-ET(B) (q (2) = 0.842, r (2) = 0.984, r (2) ( pred ) = 0.941), CoMSIA-ET(A) (q (2) = 0.762, r (2) = 0.971, r (2) ( pred ) = 0.958) and CoMSIA-ET(B) (q (2) = 0.771, r (2) = 0.974, r (2) ( pred ) = 0.953) respectively. Field contour maps (CoMFA and CoMSIA) corresponding to the ET(A) and ET(B) subtypes reflects the characteristic similarities and differences between these types. The results of this paper provide valuable information to facilitate structural modifications of the title compounds to increase the inhibitory potency and subtype selectivity of endothelin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Khimji AK, Rockey DC. Endothelin and hepatic wound healing. Pharmacol Res 2011; 63:512-8. [PMID: 21421048 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver wound healing is a coordinated response to injury caused by infections (hepatitis) or toxins (alcohol) or other processes where activation of hepatic stellate cells are a central component. During stellate cell activation, a major phenotypic transformation occurs which leads to increased production of increased extracellular matrix proteins and smooth muscle α-actin the results is organ dysfunction due to gross architectural disruption and impaired blood flow. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced in increased amounts and the cellular source of ET-1 shifts from endothelial cells to stellate cells during liver injury thus setting a feedback loop which accentuates further activation, stellate cell proliferation, and production of extracellular matrix proteins. Therapy directed at intervening the ET-1 signaling pathway has significant therapeutic potential in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-karim Khimji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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