1
|
LI L, ZHAO M, CHANG M, SI Y, ZHAO J, YANG B, ZHANG Y. Protective effect of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on immunoglobulin A nephropathy through toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:324-333. [PMID: 38504538 PMCID: PMC10927408 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20240203.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the nephroprotective mechanism of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (, MHCD) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) rats. METHODS To establish the IgAN rat model, the bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide, and carbon tetrachloride 4 method was employed. The rats were then randomly assigned to the control, model, telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose MHCD groups, and were administered the respective treatments via intragastric administration for 8 weeks. The levels of 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine (CRE), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in each group. Pathological alterations were detected. IgA deposition was visualized through the use of immunofluorescence staining. The ultrastructure of the kidney was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65, were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The 24-h urine protein level in each group increased significantly at week 6, and worsen from then on. But this process can be reversed by treatments of telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose of MHCD, and these treatments did not affect renal function. Telmisartan, and high-, and medium-dose of MHCD reduced IgA deposition. Renal histopathology demonstrated the protective effect of high-, medium-, and low-dose of MHCD against kidney injury. The expression levels of MCP-1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 in kidney tissues were downregulated by low, medium and high doses of MHCD treatment. Additionally, treatment of low, medium and high doses of MHCD decreased the protein and mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS MHCD exerted nephroprotective effects on IgAN rats, and MHCD regulated the expressions of key targets in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating renal inflammation by inhibiting MCP-1, IL-6 expressions, and ameliorating renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liusheng LI
- 1 Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
- 2 Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming ZHAO
- 3 Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- 4 Xin-Huangpu Joint Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Meiying CHANG
- 3 Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- 4 Xin-Huangpu Joint Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuan SI
- 3 Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- 4 Xin-Huangpu Joint Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jinning ZHAO
- 6 Department of Experimental Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bin YANG
- 5 Department of Pathology Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- 3 Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
- 4 Xin-Huangpu Joint Innovation Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Pang Q, Huang X, Jiang H, Tang G, Yan H, Guo Y, Yan X, Li L, Zhang H. 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-Diene-1, 4-Dione isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. root inhibits high glucose-induced EMT in HK-2 cells through targeting the regulation of miR-21-5p/Smad7 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116280. [PMID: 38368837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-Diene-1, 4-Dione (DMDD) isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. root, has been proven therapeutic effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This research aims to assess DMDD's effects on DKD and to investigate its underlying mechanisms, to establish DMDD as a novel pharmaceutical agent for DKD treatment. METHODS The human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were induced by high glucose (HG) to mimic DKD and followed by DMDD treatment. The cytotoxicity of DMDD was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The migratory capacity of HK-2 cells was evaluated through transwell and scratch-wound assays. To investigate the effect of Smad7 and miR-21-5p, lentiviral transfection was employed in HK-2 cells. Additionally, the expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway was checked by QRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS This study has shown that DMDD significantly suppresses cell migration and the expression of Vimentin, α-SMA, TGFβ1, and p-Smad2/3 in HK-2 cells under HG conditions. Concurrently, DMDD enhances the protein expression of E-cadherin and Smad7. Intriguingly, the therapeutic effect of DMDD was abrogated upon Smad7 silencing. Further investigations revealed that DMDD effectively inhibits miR-21-5p expression, which is upregulated by HG. Downregulation of miR-21-5p inhibits the activation of the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway and EMT induced by HG. In contrast, overexpression of miR-21-5p negates DMDD's therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSION DMDD mitigates EMT in HG-induced HK-2 cells by modulating the miR-21-5p/Smad7 pathway, thereby inhibiting renal fibrosis in DKD. These findings suggest that DMDD holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qiuling Pang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaoman Huang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Huixian Jiang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ganling Tang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yanxiang Guo
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yan
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song H, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Deng R, Zheng X. Averrhoa carambola L. fruit polyphenols ameliorate hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia by modulating lipid and glucose metabolism in mice with obesity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6531-6539. [PMID: 37225676 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia are common metabolic complications of obesity. The objective of the present study is to investigate the in vivo protective effect of Averrhoa carambola L. fruit polyphenols (ACFP) on hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of ACFP. Thirty-six specific pathogen-free male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks old, weighing 17.1-19.9 g) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat energy), HFD (45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with ACFP by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. Obesity-related biochemical indexes and hepatic gene expression levels were determined. The statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS The results showed that the body weight gain, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance index, and steatosis grade in the ACFP group decreased by 29.57%, 26.25%, 27.4%, 19.6%, 40.32%, and 40%, respectively, compared to the HFD group. Gene expression analysis indicated that ACFP treatment improved the gene expression profiles involved in lipid and glucose metabolism compared to the HFD group. CONCLUSION ACFP protected from HFD-induced obesity and obesity-associated hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia by improving lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Rou Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen MM, Jia JH, Tan YJ, Ren YS, Lv JL, Chu T, Cao XY, Ma R, Li DF, Zheng QS, Liu Z, Li J. Shen-Qi-Jiang-Tang granule ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via modulating tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116031. [PMID: 36503032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shen-Qi-Jiang-Tang granule (SQJTG), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been widely used in clinical for diabetes, especially type Ⅱ diabetes. Previous anti-diabetic studies stumbled across that SQJTG has a potential kidney protective effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the protective mechanism of SQJTG on DN still needs to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to explore the therapeutic effect of SQJTG on DN through both bioinformatics analysis and in vivo experiments. METHODS AND MATERIALS The TCMIP database was used for screening potential compounds and targets of SQJTG, and the GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and TTD databases were used for collecting DN-related genes. Then protein-protein interaction analysis for the common targets of SQJTG and DN was performed by the STRING database. Meanwhile, KEGG and GO were carried out using the Metascape and DAVID databases. In vivo experiments, to testify the potential kidney protective effects of SQJTG, STZ-induced DN mice with different dosages of SQJTG treatment were collected and the renal tissues were detected by H&E, PAS, Masson and TUNEL staining. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to assess the proteins' expressions. Flow cytometry and ELISA assay were used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Among the 338 compounds ascertained by SQJTG, there were 789 related targets as well. Moreover, 1,221 DN-related targets were predicted and 20 core targets were screened by the PPI analyses. According to GO and KEGG pathway analysis, SQJTG may affect DN via the TNF pathway. For the in vivo experiments, renal histomorphological examinations demonstrated that SQJTG treatment significantly ameliorated STZ-induced kidney damage and had a dosage dependence. Meanwhile, mice with DN were found to have dramatic increases in IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, but markedly decreased after administration of SQJTG. In addition, the protein levels of TNF signaling molecules, like p-P65, p-JNK, and p-p38, showed significantly elevated in kidney tissues of DN mice and attenuated after SQJTG treatment. CONCLUSIONS SQJTG exerts a kidney protective effect in DN mice via modulating TNF signaling pathways, and it has promising applications for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Hao Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Jun Tan
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Shan Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Lin Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yue Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Ru Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - De-Fang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of High-Level Expression in Mammalian Cells, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi, 276000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Platform for Modernization and Industrialization of Regional Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shangdong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Wang A, Chang E, Han B, Xu J, Fu Y, Dong X, Miao S. Effects of dietary tryptophan on the antioxidant capacity and immune response associated with TOR and TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways in northern snakehead, Channa argus (Cantor, 1842). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149151. [PMID: 37114056 PMCID: PMC10128191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary tryptophan (Trp) has been shown to influence fish feed intake, growth, immunity and inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Trp on immune system of juvenile northern snakehead (Channa argus Cantor, 1842). Methods A total of 540 fish (10.21 ± 0.11 g) were fed six experimental diets containing graded levels of Trp at 1.9, 3.0, 3.9, 4.8, 5.9 and 6.8 g/kg diet for 70 days, respectively. Results and Discussion The results showed that supplementation of 1.9-4.8 g/kg Trp in diets had no effect on the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and renal index (RI), while dietary 3.9 and 4.8 g/kg Trp significantly increased spleen index (SI) of fish. Dietary 3.9, 4.8, 5.9 and 6.8 g/kg Trp enhanced the total hemocyte count (THC), the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Malondinaldehyde (MDA) levels in the blood were significantly decreased by consuming 3.9 and 4.8 g/kg Trp. Fish fed with 3.0 and 3.9 g/kg Trp diets up-regulated interleukin 6 (il-6) and interleukin 8 (il-8) mRNA levels. The expression of tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α) was highest in fish fed with 3.0 g/kg Trp diet, and the expression of interleukin 1β (il-1β) was highest in fish fed with 3.9 g/kg Trp diet. Dietary 4.8, 5.9 and 6.8 g/kg Trp significantly decreased il-6 and tnf-α mRNA levels in the intestine. Moreover, Trp supplementation was also beneficial to the mRNA expression of interleukin 22 (il-22). Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of target of rapamycin (tor), toll-like receptor-2 (tlr2), toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4), toll-like receptor-5 (tlr5) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (myd88) of intestine were significantly up-regulated in fish fed 1.9, 3.0 and 3.9 g/kg Trp diets, and down-regulated in fish fed 4.8, 5.9 and 6.8 g/kg Trp diets. Dietary 4.8 and 5.9 g/kg Trp significantly increased the expression of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase beta subunit (ikkβ) and decreased the expression of inhibitor of kappa B (iκbα), but inhibited nuclear transcription factor kappa B (nf-κb) mRNA level. Collectively, these results indicated that dietary 4.8 g/kg Trp could improve antioxidant capacity and alleviate intestinal inflammation associated with TOR and TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang T, Shen S, Wang L, Zhao M, Li Y, Huang S. Grifola frondosa Polysaccharide Ameliorates Early Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4093-4104. [PMID: 35616773 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa is a medicinal macro-fungus with a wide range of biological activities. Polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (PGF) play a positive role in regulating blood glucose and alleviating kidney injury. Here, we investigated the exact mechanism of action by which PGF ameliorates diabetic nephropathy. Our results showed that PGF effectively improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in streptozocin (STZ)-induced DN mice. Additionally, administration of PGF also ameliorated renal function and inflammatory response in STZ-induced DN mice. Consistent with the in vitro results, the high glucose-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were decreased by PGF treatment. Furthermore, PGF not only suppressed the expression of TLR4, but also more effectively protected the kidney and reduced the inflammatory response when TLR4 was inhibited. All these data revealed that PGF alleviates diabetic nephropathy by blocking the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sile Shen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyan Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Yang M, Li L, Luo S, Yang J, Li C, Liu H, Sun L. A Glimpse of Inflammation and Anti-Inflammation Therapy in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909569. [PMID: 35874522 PMCID: PMC9298824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The pathogenesis of DKD is very complex and not completely understood. Recently, accumulated evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and the development of DKD. It has been well known that a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathways are involved in the procession of DKD. Additionally, some anti-hyperglycemic agents and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) that are effective in alleviating the progression of DKD have anti-inflammatory properties, which might have beneficial effects on delaying the progression of DKD. However, there is currently a lack of systematic overviews. In this review, we focus on the novel pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the development of DKD, including the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLRs/MyD88) signaling pathway, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways, inflammasome activation, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway. We also discuss the related anti-inflammation mechanisms of metformin, finerenone, sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases & Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unibersity, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
邢 磊, 邢 文, 郭 宏. [Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Longqi Fang for diabetic kidney disease based on network pharmacology and verification in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:171-180. [PMID: 35365440 PMCID: PMC8983373 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic mechanism of Longqi Fang (LQF) for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) based on GEO database and network pharmacology. METHODS LQF and DKD targets were obtained using the databases including GEO, TCMSP, CNKI, ChemDraw, and SwissTarget Prediction, and LQF-DKD intersection targets were obtained with VENNY. String was used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and R package for KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software Network graphs were constructed. The results of network pharmacology analysis were verified in SD rat models of DKD by daily treatment of the rats with LQF at low (1 g/kg), medium (2 g/kg), and high (2 g/kg) doses, and kidney pathology was observed with HE staining and the changes in renal function were assessed. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of NF-κB and p-NF-κB proteins. RESULTS We identified 760 main targets of LQF, and obtained 1026 differential genes using GEO database and 61 LQF-DKD intersection targets using Venny database. The core targets obtained through PPI network analysis included Myc, EGF, CASP3, VEGFA, CCL2, SPP1, VCAM1 and ICAM1. Go analysis showed that LQF affects mainly nuclear receptor activity and ligand activated transcription factor activity. KEGG analysis showed that LQF affects inflammatory signaling pathways by interfering with NF-κB, TNF, and PI3K-AKT. In rat models of DKD, treatment with LQF resulted in significant improvements of the renal functions (P < 0.05) and glomerular and tubular structure and arrangement in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting results showed that LQF dose-dependently downregulated NF-κB and p-NF-κB expressions in the rat models. CONCLUSION The therapeutic mechanism of LQF for DKD involves multiple components, targets and signal pathways that mediate an inhibitory effect on NF-κB signaling pathway to protect the renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 磊 邢
- 南京中医药大学第一临床医学院,江苏 南京 210004First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
- 南京市高淳中医院老年病科,江苏 南京 211300Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Gaochun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - 文文 邢
- 南京市高淳中医院老年病科,江苏 南京 211300Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Gaochun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - 宏敏 郭
- 南京中医药大学第一临床医学院,江苏 南京 210004First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210004, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Cao J, Xu Q, Lu X, Yang X, Song Q, Chen S, Du K, Huang R, Zou C. 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5-Diene-1,4-Dione Ameliorates Diabetic Cognitive Impairment Through Inhibiting Hif3α and Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708141. [PMID: 34975464 PMCID: PMC8716628 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of diabetic cognitive impairment is complex and multifactorial, the hippocampus neuronal apoptosis is recognized as a main cause of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) was purified from the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. Previous research demonstrated that DMDD was safe and effective in delaying some diabetic complications. However, the efficacy of DMDD to ameliorate diabetic cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mice has not been reported. In the present study, the behavioral evaluation was performed by Y maze and novel object recognition in db/db mice. Gene expression profiles were detected using mouse lncRNA microarray analysis in the hippocampi of db/db mice. Changes in the neurodegeneration-associated proteins and the apoptosis-related proteins were determined in both db/db mice and high glucose-treated HT22 cells by Western blotting. We observed that DMDD treatment significantly ameliorated the spatial working memory and object recognition memory impairment in db/db mice. Further study showed that neurodegeneration-associated protein tau was decreased after DMDD treatment in the hippocampi of db/db mice. Eleven lncRNAs and four mRNAs including pro-apoptotic gene Hif3a were significantly differently expressed after DMDD treatment in the hippocampi of db/db mice. The expression of Hif3a, cleaved parp, and caspase 3 proteins was significantly increased in the hippocampi of diabetic db/db mice compared with db/m control mice and then decreased after DMDD treatment. Similar beneficial effects of DMDD were observed in HG-treated HT22 cells. These data indicate that DMDD can alleviate cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Hif3a. In conclusion, our study suggests that DMDD has great potential to be a new preventive and therapeutic compound for diabetic cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinjin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kechen Du
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Renbin Huang, ; Chunlin Zou,
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Renbin Huang, ; Chunlin Zou,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luan F, Peng L, Lei Z, Jia X, Zou J, Yang Y, He X, Zeng N. Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Averrhoa carambola L.: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699899. [PMID: 34475822 PMCID: PMC8407000 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit) is an edible fruit that is extensively cultivated in southern China, Southeast Asia, India, and northern South America. It has a sweet and juicy taste and is frequently used in fruit salads and fruit platters, as a garnish in cocktail drinks and beverages, or squeezed into juice and served as a beverage. Traditionally, it has been used for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, arthralgia, vomiting, lithangiuria, coughing, hangovers, and chronic paroxysmal headache for thousands of years. Currently, approximately 132 compounds have been isolated from A. carambola. Among them, flavonoids, benzoquinone, and their glycosides have been considered as biologically active substances, which are responsible for various biological activities. Pharmacological studies have revealed that crude extracts or monomeric compounds from A. carambola exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, neuroprotective, and others. Thus, A. carambola is a valuable treatment in Chinese medicine with therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, especially diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. Even though it is a very promising candidate in the development of functional food and the pharmaceutical industry, reports on its bioactivities have only been conducted in vivo and in vitro and there is a gap in research regarding clinical settings and safety. This review therefore provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of current progress on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of A. carambola, providing a valuable reference for further developments and applications of A. carambola in the pharmaceutical industry and functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lakmal K, Yasawardene P, Jayarajah U, Seneviratne SL. Nutritional and medicinal properties of Star fruit ( Averrhoa carambola): A review. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1810-1823. [PMID: 33747490 PMCID: PMC7958541 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola), a popular fruit in many parts of the world, is considered to have many beneficial nutritional and medicinal effects. However, harmful nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects have also been described. In this review, we have discussed the reported beneficial effects of star fruit, explored the potential mechanisms for such beneficial effects, and outline factors that may affect the safe level of consumption. The beneficial effects include the following: antioxidant (mediated via L-ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and gallic acid), hypoglycemic (mediated via high fiber levels and 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione), hypotensive (mediated via apigenin), hypocholesterolemic (mediated via micronized fiber), anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, antitumor effects, and immune-boosting effects. The presence of chronic kidney disease, gastroenteropathies, chronic pancreatitis, dehydration, consumption on an empty stomach, and higher concentration of oxalate in fruit/juice consumed predisposes to toxicity. The level of ingestion at which the beneficial effects transition to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity is still to be accurately ascertained. Furthermore, the relationship between the amount of star fruit ingested and the severity of toxicity is not certain and warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Lakmal
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboColomboSri Lanka
| | - Pamodh Yasawardene
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboColomboSri Lanka
| | - Umesh Jayarajah
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboColomboSri Lanka
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Yang X, Song Q, Fu J, Wang W, Du K, Chen S, Cao J, Huang R, Zou C. Uncovering the Pharmacological Mechanism of 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5 -Diene-1,4-Dione Against Lung Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:617555. [PMID: 33613291 PMCID: PMC7887632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.617555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2, 5-Diene-1,4-Dione (DMDD) was purified from the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. Previous research demonstrated that DMDD is a small molecular compound with significant therapeutic potential for tumors. However, the potential targets and pharmacological mechanism of DMDD to treat lung cancer has not been reported. Methods: We employed network pharmacology and experimental evaluation to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of DMDD against lung cancer. Potential therapeutic targets of DMDD were screened by PharmMapper. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung cancer data sets were extracted and analyzed by GEPIA2. The mechanism of DMDD against lung cancer was determined by PPI, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Survival analysis and molecular docking were employed to obtain the key targets of DMDD. Human lung cancer cell lines H1975 and PC9 were used to detect effects of DMDD treatment in vitro. The expression of key targets after DMDD treated was validated by Western Blot. Results: A total of 60 Homo sapiens potential therapeutic targets of DMDD and 3,545 DEGs in TCGA lung cancer datasets were identified. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed characteristic of the potential targets of DMDD and DEGs in lung cancer respectively. Cell cycle and pathways in cancer were overlapping with DMDD potential targets and lung cancer DEGs. Eight overlapping genes were found between DMDD potential therapeutic targets and lung cancer related DEGs. Survival analysis showed that high expression of DMDD potential targets CCNE1 and E2F1 was significantly related to poor patient survival in lung cancer. Molecular docking found that DMDD exhibited significant binding affinities within the active site of CCNE1 and E2F1. Further tests showed that DMDD inhibited the proliferation, migration and clone formation in lung cancer cell lines (H1975 and PC9) in a dose and time dependent manner. Mechanistically, DMDD treatment decreased the expression of CDK2, CCNE1, E2F1 proteins and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase in H1975 and PC9 cells. Conclusion: These results delineated that DMDD holds therapeutic potential that blocks tumorigenesis by cell cycle regulation in lung cancer, and may provide potential therapies for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kechen Du
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinjin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cornara L, Xiao J, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Burlando B. Emerging Exotic Fruits: New Functional Foods in the European Market. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200406.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
14
|
Qin L, Zhang X, Zhou X, Wu X, Huang X, Chen M, Wu Y, Lu S, Zhang H, Xu X, Wei X, Zhang S, Huang R. Protective Effect of Benzoquinone Isolated from the Roots of Averrhoa carambola L. on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2129-2138. [PMID: 32606871 PMCID: PMC7319517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s241998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, can be used to treat diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. Nevertheless, the potential beneficial effects and mechanism of benzoquinone isolated from the roots of Averrhoa carambola L. (BACR) on diabetes remain unclear. METHODS Diabetic Kunming mice were injected with STZ (120 mgkg-1) in the tail vein. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the change of body weight were measured after oral administration of BACR (120, 60, 30 mg/kg/d) every week. The levels of the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), glucosylated hemoglobin (GHb), fasting insulin (FINS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. The histological examination of pancreatic tissues and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS The study found that clearly the BACR obviously reduced the blood glucose, serum lipids, GHb and FINS. In addition, BACR treatment markedly reduced the release of inflammatory factors, including IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulated the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION BACR has potential benefits for the treatment of diabetes by ameliorating metabolic functions and attenuating the inflammatory response via inhibition of the activation of theTLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yani Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Renbin Huang; Shijun Zhang Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region530021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 771 533 9805Fax +86 771 535 8272 Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Averrhoa Carambola Extract in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030072. [PMID: 31527433 PMCID: PMC6784245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the antihyperlipidemic potential of a standardized methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola (A. carambola) leaf (MEACL) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The standardized MEACL was orally administered at different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) to HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats for five weeks. Serum lipid profile, body weight changes, body mass index (BMI), daily food intake, relative organ weight, and histology of the liver were evaluated. In addition, the effect of MEACL on HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase activities as well as hepatic and fecal lipids was demonstrated. MEACL supplementation reduced serum lipids in HFD-fed rats in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological scores revealed that 1000 mg/kg MEACL restored the damage to liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats. MEACL decreased the body mass index (BMI), atherogenic index, and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides and increased fecal cholesterol and bile acids in HFD-fed rats. Also, MEACL ameliorated lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant defenses in the liver of HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, HMG-CoA reductase and lipase were suppressed by MEACL. In conclusion, this study shows the potential effect of MEACL to ameliorate hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in HFD-fed rats. It prevented hepatic lipid accumulation and exerted an inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase and lipase.
Collapse
|