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Chan CCK, Fok EHW, Lo YTR, Ng WY, Botelho MG. Well-being of undergraduate dental students: Questionnaire design, findings and future directions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2024; 28:740-756. [PMID: 38526000 DOI: 10.1111/eje.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent pandemic has highlighted the importance of addressing well-being in the overall health of students. There is a need for support systems within dental schools to help students demonstrate resilience, adapt to learning environments and thrive in their professional careers. OBJECTIVES The main aim of the study was to evaluate Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students' understanding and experience of well-being. The objectives were to create a suitable survey to assess students' well-being, investigate the factors affecting dental students' well-being and develop a student well-being action plan based on the analysis of the survey. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify and critically assess existing measures of well-being in dental students. Four domains of well-being (emotional, physical, social, intellectual) relevant to dental students were identified. Through a comprehensive iterative process, a two-part survey was developed and tested, which measured individual experiences of well-being across the four domains and collected feedback on proposed initiatives to support student well-being. The survey was disseminated to all 452 dental students from Years 1 through 6, of which 71% (321) responded. RESULTS The survey revealed low levels of overall well-being among the dental student population, which worsened with increasing years of clinical study. Fear of failing exams presented the biggest challenge with regard to emotional well-being, while sleep deprivation and occupational health hazards most affected the physical well-being domain. Intellectual well-being was compromised by insufficient free time to pursue extracurricular interests and concerns about achieving the required skills. Despite a majority experiencing positive relationships with their peers and tutors, less than a fifth agreed that the Faculty of Dentistry 'supported my well-being as a dental student'. CONCLUSION As the first investigation of the well-being of dental students in Hong Kong, the key stressors identified were examinations, long schedules and the physical burden of dental work, which are consistent with international literature. The findings reveal students' needs and preferences for well-being initiatives which will be optimized in the implementation of student-centred curricular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cheuk Kwan Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elise Hoi Wan Fok
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Ting Rosealeen Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Yan Ng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael George Botelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
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Mori R, Yamamoto R, Shinzawa M, Otsuki N, Matsumura Y, Nakamura Y, Li Q, Sakaguchi Y, Matsui I, Mizui M, Shinomiya H, Ishibashi C, Nakanishi K, Kanayama D, Nagatomo I. Breakfast Frequency and Smoking Initiation in University Students: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2361. [PMID: 39064804 PMCID: PMC11279614 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking causes various health problems. Limited studies have reported a clinical effect of skipping breakfast on smoking initiation among adolescents. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the dose-dependent association between skipping breakfast and smoking initiation in university students. This study included 17,493 male and 8880 female students aged 18-22 years at a national university in Japan. The association between breakfast frequency (eating every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually) and smoking initiation was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. Smoking initiation was observed in 2027 (11.6%) male and 197 (2.2%) female students over the median observational period of 3.0 and 3.1 years. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with smoking initiation in a dose-dependent fashion in male students (the adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] of eating breakfast every day and skipping occasionally, often, and usually: 1.00 [reference], 1.30 [1.15, 1.46], 1.47 [1.21, 1.79], and 1.77 [1.40, 2.25], respectively). Female students skipping breakfast occasionally and often were more vulnerable to smoking initiation than those who ate breakfast every day (1.00 [reference], 1.86 [1.24, 2.78], 2.97 [1.66, 5.32], and 1.76 [0.55, 5.64], respectively). Breakfast frequency may be useful to identify university students at risk of smoking initiation who need improvement in their health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Mori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
- Division of Nursing, Osaka University Hospital, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Maki Shinzawa
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Naoko Otsuki
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Yuichiro Matsumura
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Qinyan Li
- Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (R.M.); (Y.M.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (Y.S.); (I.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Haruki Shinomiya
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Kaori Nakanishi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Daisuke Kanayama
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.); (H.S.); (K.N.); (I.N.)
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Li S, Li X, Wang J, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Lou W, Bao K, Gong Q. Associations between insufficient sleep, skipping breakfast and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A school-based cross-sectional study in China. Prev Med 2024; 184:107978. [PMID: 38697227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast are increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents. Both behaviors are associated with the onset of depression. This study aims to examine the independent and joint associations of these two behaviors with depressive symptoms, and investigate whether these associations varied by age or sex. METHODS The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to evaluate the depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional study including 11,887 students aged 11-19 years using a stratified cluster, multistage sampling method in Ningbo, China. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the independent and joint association between insufficient sleep, skipping breakfast and depressive symptoms. Sensitivity analyses and stratified analyses by age and sex were performed using the same modelling strategies. RESULTS The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.27%. Skipping breakfast (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.557, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.236-2.925) and insufficient sleep (OR = 1.547, 95%CI = 1.390-1.723) was independently associated with depressive symptoms. Compared to students with "sufficient sleep and breakfast every day", the OR was 4.385 (95%CI = 3.649-5.271) for those with "insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast". Meanwhile, the joint association was moderated by age group, with a more apparent association observed in the 11-15-year-old group compared to the 16-19-year-old group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast were independently and jointly associated with depressive symptoms. Insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast could be considered as two of the predictors of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wangwei Lou
- Ninghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Ningbo 315600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaifang Bao
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinghai Gong
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Yu X, Huang X, Liang X, Ou Q, Sun L, Ren J, Wu Q, Chen H, Huang Q, Zhao H, Wei J, Wu F, Huang S, Wang L. The effects of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviours in primary school students in Zhongshan city. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024. [PMID: 38944880 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate nutritional knowledge and healthy dietary behaviours are essential for promoting rational nutrition for children. However, lack of nutritional knowledge and unhealthy dietary behaviours are common among Chinese children. Therefore, we developed a school-based nutrition education (NE) program to assess its impacts on nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviours in pupils. METHODS In this trial, one school was assigned as an intervention group (n = 199) and the other two schools were designated as a control group (n = 140). Children in the intervention group received the NE program in addition to their regular health curriculum, whereas the control group continued with their usual health curriculum without any NE program materials. RESULTS Concerning nutritional knowledge, the mean difference (follow-up minus baseline) of average knowledge scores in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.99 ± 3.22 vs. 0.66 ± 3.60, p = 0.001). However, subgroup analysis revealed that this difference disappeared among boys and students with malnutrition status. Regarding dietary behaviours, the NE program significantly increased the proportion of children exhibiting high frequencies of meat and nuts consumption in the intervention group, along with diverse food choice at breakfast. Additionally, it markedly reduced the proportion of children exhibiting high frequencies of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food consumption. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated a significant direct effect of NE intervention on nutritional knowledge and an indirect effect on dietary behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The NE program effectively enhanced nutritional knowledge scores and further improved dietary behaviours among Chinese primary school students. Future NE programs should pay more attention to boys and children with malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxue Yu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Jiahe Community Health Service Centre of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Health Care Centre for Primary and Secondary School of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Qian Ou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqiao Sun
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Ren
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongmei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Science and Technology, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Jiahe Community Health Service Centre of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sizhe Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu Y, Zhang R, Yin S, Sun Y, Womer F, Liu R, Zeng S, Zhang X, Wang F. Digital Dietary Behaviors in Individuals With Depression: Real-World Behavioral Observation. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47428. [PMID: 38648087 DOI: 10.2196/47428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is often accompanied by changes in behavior, including dietary behaviors. The relationship between dietary behaviors and depression has been widely studied, yet previous research has relied on self-reported data which is subject to recall bias. Electronic device-based behavioral monitoring offers the potential for objective, real-time data collection of a large amount of continuous, long-term behavior data in naturalistic settings. OBJECTIVE The study aims to characterize digital dietary behaviors in depression, and to determine whether these behaviors could be used to detect depression. METHODS A total of 3310 students (2222 healthy controls [HCs], 916 with mild depression, and 172 with moderate-severe depression) were recruited for the study of their dietary behaviors via electronic records over a 1-month period, and depression severity was assessed in the middle of the month. The differences in dietary behaviors across the HCs, mild depression, and moderate-severe depression were determined by ANCOVA (analyses of covariance) with age, gender, BMI, and educational level as covariates. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between dietary behaviors and depression severity. Support vector machine analysis was used to determine whether changes in dietary behaviors could detect mild and moderate-severe depression. RESULTS The study found that individuals with moderate-severe depression had more irregular eating patterns, more fluctuated feeding times, spent more money on dinner, less diverse food choices, as well as eating breakfast less frequently, and preferred to eat only lunch and dinner, compared with HCs. Moderate-severe depression was found to be negatively associated with the daily 3 regular meals pattern (breakfast-lunch-dinner pattern; OR 0.467, 95% CI 0.239-0.912), and mild depression was positively associated with daily lunch and dinner pattern (OR 1.460, 95% CI 1.016-2.100). These changes in digital dietary behaviors were able to detect mild and moderate-severe depression (accuracy=0.53, precision=0.60), with better accuracy for detecting moderate-severe depression (accuracy=0.67, precision=0.64). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to develop a profile of changes in digital dietary behaviors in individuals with depression using real-world behavioral monitoring. The results suggest that digital markers may be a promising approach for detecting depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuluo Yin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fay Womer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rongxun Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Z, Tan J, Luo Q. Associations between breakfast skipping and outcomes in neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive performance, and frailty: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:252. [PMID: 38566068 PMCID: PMC10988815 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have identified a correlation between breakfast skipping and a heightened risk of mental health issues. This investigation aimed to employ a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore the potential causal links between breakfast skipping and various psychiatric, neurological disorders, cognitive performance, and frailty. METHODS Utilizing data from genome-wide association studies within European demographics, this research scrutinized the association between breakfast habits and several neuropsychiatric conditions and physical health outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Narcolepsy, Insomnia, cognitive performance, and frailty. In this MR analysis, the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was primarily utilized for evaluation. Outcomes were reported as Odds Ratios (OR) and regression coefficients (β), and underwent validation through False Discovery Rate (FDR) corrections, thereby offering a rigorous evaluation of the effects of breakfast habits on both mental and physical health dimensions. RESULTS Findings demonstrate a significant causal link between skipping breakfast and an increased risk of ADHD (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.54-4.88, PFDR = 0.003) and MDD (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.22-2.37, PFDR = 0.005). Conversely, no substantial causal associations were identified between breakfast skipping and AD, BD, narcolepsy, or insomnia (PFDR > 0.05). Moreover, a notable causal relationship was established between skipping breakfast and a reduction in cognitive performance (β = -0.16, 95%CI: -0.29-0.04, PFDR = 0.024) and an increase in frailty (β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.12-0.45, PFDR = 0.003). CONCLUSION The MR analysis reveals that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of ADHD, MDD, decreased cognitive performance, and greater frailty, while showing no associations were found with AD, BD, narcolepsy, or insomnia. These findings warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and emphasize the importance of regular breakfast consumption for mental and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Peprah P, Oduro MS, Boakye PA, Morgan AK. Association between breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms among Canadian adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1607-1617. [PMID: 38183436 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the mediating roles of gender and substance use in the influence of breakfast skipping on psychosomatic symptoms. The study used data among a nationally-representative sample of 2855 Canadian adolescents who participated in the 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Sequential logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms. Path analysis using a non-parametric bootstrapping technique tested the hypothesized mediating roles. Results showed that adolescents who skipped breakfast were 2.55 times more likely to report higher psychosomatic symptoms compared to non-breakfast skippers (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.75-3.82). The bootstrapping mediation models showed that breakfast skipping indirectly influenced psychosomatic symptoms through substance use and gender, accounting for 18.47% ( β = 0.0052, Boots 95% CI = 0.0025, 0.00730) and 10.70% ( β = 0.0091, Boots 95% CI = 0.0052, 0.0125), respectively, of the total effect. Our findings have important implications for targeted public and mental health interventions to address both breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents. Conclusion: The study compellingly underscores the significance of incorporating gender-specific factors and substance use in understanding the correlation between breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms. These insights hold importance for tailoring public health interventions to alleviate the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents by actively addressing breakfast skipping. What is Known: • Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day due to its role in providing the brain with the energy necessary to enhance cognitive functions. • Adolescents commonly exhibit a prevalent lifestyle behaviour of skipping breakfast. What is New: • This study provides robust evidence supporting the association between breakfast skipping and elevated psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents. • Gender and substance use mediate this association, offering novel insights into the complex interplay that contributes to psychosomatic symptoms among this demographic group. • Longitudinal research is needed to unravel causal relationships and illuminate the underlying mechanisms of this intricate connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Peter Ansah Boakye
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Khan MSI, Paul T, Al Banna MH, Hamiduzzaman M, Tengan C, Kissi-Abrokwah B, Tetteh JK, Hossain F, Islam MS, Brazendale K. Skipping breakfast and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, night eating syndrome, and sleep quality among university students in Bangladesh. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:46. [PMID: 38439041 PMCID: PMC10913273 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skipping breakfast has become more common, and it can significantly affect a person's health, performance, mood, and other physiological and psychological factors. In Bangladesh, university students often encounter unhealthy dietary habits, which raises questions about why many university students choose to skip breakfast. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students in Bangladesh and explore the contributing factors. METHODS Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh was the location of this cross-sectional study. Breakfast consumption was measured with the single-question item, "How often do you eat breakfast?" (Almost every day, sometimes, rarely, or never). Skipping breakfast was classified as respondents selecting sometimes, rarely, or never having breakfast. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and sleep-related data were collected as key predictor variables. Multiple logistic regression models identified factors associated with skipping breakfast. RESULTS The prevalence of skipping breakfast among study participants (N = 502, 51.6% female and mean age 21.31 years) was 63.5%. Female students were more likely to skip breakfast compared to male students (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.06-2.55). Smoker participants had a higher likelihood of skipping breakfast compared to non-smokers (AOR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.57-9.78). Students with night eating syndrome had a higher likelihood of skipping breakfast compared to their counterparts (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.06-3.22). Students with poor sleep quality were three times more likely to skip breakfast than their counterparts (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.93-4.51). Overweight/obese students were less likely to skip breakfast compared to their counterparts (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20-0.82). CONCLUSION This study highlights a high prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students in Bangladesh. Specifically, students who are females, smokers, poor sleepers and who have night eating syndrome are more likely to skip breakfast compared to their counterparts. These findings underscore a need for targeted interventions and educational programs to promote healthy breakfast habits. Addressing these modifiable risk factors can have a positive impact on students' nutritional practices and their health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Trisha Paul
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.
- Nutrition Initiative, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Cornelius Tengan
- Department of Hospitality, Catering and Institutional Management, Bolgatanga Technical University, Sumbrugu, Ghana
| | | | - Justice Kanor Tetteh
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Faria Hossain
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shajadul Islam
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Wu Z, Li J, Xu Y, Guo R, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang S, Dong Y, Li B. Association of Physical Activity with Phenotypic Age among Populations with Different Breakfast Habits. Nutrients 2024; 16:575. [PMID: 38474704 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global aging situation has reached a serious stage, and healthy lifestyles, like regular physical activity and eating breakfast, could slow the process. Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) is regarded as a novel measure of aging. Therefore, our study aimed to quantify the impact of physical activity and eating breakfast on aging via PhenoAge and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel). METHODS A total of 3719 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were involved in this study. Physical activity was divided into an active group and an inactive group. According to the number of reported breakfast recalls, eating breakfast was divided into the no recalls group, one recall group, and both recalls group. Sensitivity analysis was performed by stratified analysis. RESULTS Active physical activity was a protective factor for PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel. Compared to the inactive group, the β values of the active group were -8.36 (-10.09, -6.62) for PhenoAge and -1.67 (-2.21, -1.14) for PhenoAgeAccel. The stratified analysis results showed that in the groups reporting breakfast in both recalls, one recall, and no recalls, the β values of the active group were -8.84 (-10.70, -6.98), -8.17 (-12.34, -4.00), and -3.46 (-7.74, 0.82), respectively, compared to the inactive group. CONCLUSIONS Active physical activity was strongly correlated with lower values of PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel, but the association was no longer statistically significant when combined with not regularly eating breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fengdan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, China
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10
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Martinez CF, Ruggiero E, Di Castelnuovo A, Esposito S, Costanzo S, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Breakfast quality and its sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates among Italian children, adolescents, and adults from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study. Nutr J 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38369481 PMCID: PMC10875855 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast quality, together with regularity of breakfast, has been suggested to be associated with cardiometabolic health advantages. We aimed to evaluate the quality of breakfast and its socioeconomic and psychosocial correlates in a large sample of the Italian population. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses on 7,673 adult and 505 children/adolescent regular breakfast eaters from the Italian Nutrition & Health Survey (INHES; 2010-2013). Dietary data were collected through a single 24-h dietary recall. Breakfast quality was assessed through the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) combining intake of ten food groups, energy, and nutrients of public health concern, and potentially ranging from 0 to 10. The association of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with BQI were analyzed by multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS The average BQI was 4.65 (SD ± 1.13) and 4.97 (SD ± 1.00) in adults and children/adolescents, respectively. Amongst adults, older age (β = 0.19; 95%CI 0.06 to 0.31 for > 65 vs. 20-40 years) and having a high educational level (β = 0.13; 0.03 to 0.23; for postsecondary vs. up to elementary) were independent predictors of better breakfast quality, while men reported lower BQI (β = -0.08; -0.14 to -0.02 vs. women). Perceived stress levels at home and work and financial stress were inversely associated with BQI. Children/adolescents living in Central and Southern Italian regions had lower BQI compared to residents in Northern Italy (β = -0.55; -0.91 to -0.19 and β = -0.24; -0.47 to -0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In adults, breakfast quality was associated with age, sex, and educational level. Perceived stress levels were inversely associated with the quality of breakfast. In children/adolescents, a north-south gradient in breakfast quality was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Francisca Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | | | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University "Giuseppe Degennaro", Casamassima, BA, Italy.
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Via Dell'Elettronica, Pozzilli, IS, 86077, Italy
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Alshdifat E, Alkhawaldeh A, Albashtawy M, Ta’an W, Mohammad K, Al-Rawashdeh S, Malak M, Al-Modallal H, Al-Dwaikat T, Aljezawi M, Hamadneh S, Suliman M, Abdalrahim A, Albashtawy S. Breakfast Skipping and Associated Factors Among Jordanian University Students. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2024; 29:125-132. [PMID: 38333350 PMCID: PMC10849275 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_301_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Although breakfast skipping among university students is a significant concern, its prevalence and the contributing factors among university students have received little attention in the literature. This study aims to determine the prevalence of skipping breakfast among Jordanian university students and examine the associated factors and variations in rates of skipping breakfast by day of the week. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students between March and May 2022 through a self-questionnaire. A convenience sample of 891 students was chosen at four Jordanian public universities. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students was 66%. The reasons for skipping breakfast were having no time due to oversleeping and having no feeling of hunger (59% for both), followed by having no energy to prepare the breakfast and making no difference (49% and 48%), and not being able to afford to eat or buy breakfast (19%). There is a strong correlation between eating fast food and skipping breakfast. With whom the student eats breakfast is significantly associated with breakfast skipping, revealing that the highest percentages of skipping occur with friends. About 63% of students skipped breakfast through university days compared with 37% on the weekend, while 37% of them had breakfast through university days compared with 67% on the weekend. Conclusions A high percentage of university students in Jordan skip breakfast. More attention should be paid to correlating factors and developing interventions to help students adhere to the breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Alshdifat
- Department of Medical and Surgical, Jordan Ministry of Health, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Albashtawy
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Wafa’a Ta’an
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khitam Mohammad
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sami Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Malakeh Malak
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Al-Hamra District, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Al-Dwaikat
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ma’en Aljezawi
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Shereen Hamadneh
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Suliman
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Asem Abdalrahim
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Sa’d Albashtawy
- Department of Medical and Surgical, Jordan Ministry of Health, Jordan
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12
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Nakanishi K, Ishibashi C, Ide S, Yamamoto R, Nishida M, Nagatomo I, Moriyama T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Association of secondhand smoke exposure and health-related lifestyle behaviors among male university employees in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13848. [PMID: 37696832 PMCID: PMC10495441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes various health problems associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, the lifestyles of individuals exposed to SHS have not been characterized extensively. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between SHS exposure and lifestyle behaviors. The participants were 2379 healthy male employees at Osaka University who underwent health examinations. Physical and biochemical parameters and lifestyle behavior data were obtained from all the participants. Participants with SHS exposure had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference, and serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid than that of those without SHS exposure. SHS exposure was significantly correlated with several lifestyle behaviors, including TV time, frequency of breakfast consumption and fried food consumption, vegetable and fruit intake, alcohol consumption frequency and daily alcohol intake, and smoking status. Thus, SHS exposure may be associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. The lifestyle behaviors of the smoke-excluded population were assessed further; however, SHS exposure was still associated with dietary and drinking habits. Since participants with SHS exposure are likely to have an unhealthy life and combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, the confounding effect of these factors should be considered when assessing the impact of SHS exposure on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Nakanishi
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Seiko Ide
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagatomo
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara
- Health Care Division, Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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13
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Feye D, Gobena T, Brewis A, Roba KT. Adolescent breakfast skipping is associated with poorer academic performance: a school-based study from Hidhabu Abote District, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:79. [PMID: 37568241 PMCID: PMC10422701 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast is regarded as "the most important meal of the day," suggested to positively affect learning in children and adolescent in terms of cognitive and school performance. Yet, studies in LMIC settings are few and show very inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of breakfast skipping and its association with school performance among randomly selected in-school adolescents in Hidhabu Abote Wereda, North Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020. A total of 422 participants were selected randomly from high schools of Hidhabu Abote Wereda. Data were entered in to Epiata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified factors that were significantly associated with the breakfast skipping. Odds ratio along with 95% Confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association and level of statistical significance declared at p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS The magnitude of breakfast skipping was 41.3%, (95% CI (36.6-46.0)]. There was statistically significant association between breakfast skipping and overall academic performance [AOR: 5.18, 95% CI (1.54-7.46)], mathematics performance (3.88, 95% CI (1.34-11.22)], and English language performance scores [2.92, 95% CI (1.38-7.58)]. Being female [AOR = 1.857, 95% CI (1.05-3.27)], household food insecurity [AOR: 2.478, 95% CI (1.36-4.51)], and less maternal education [AOR 1.89, 95% CL (3.38-7.77)] were independently associated with breakfast skipping. The primary reasons given for breakfast skipping were lack of time, lack of appetite in morning, and concerns around weight gain. CONCLUSION Nearly half of in-school adolescents were skipped breakfast meals, and reportedly in most cases for reasons unrelated to lack of food access. Students who skipped breakfast had lower levels of school performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Feye
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alexandra Brewis
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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14
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Sahasakul Y, Amonsusawat N, Phansuea P. Lifestyles, Food Consumption Frequencies, and Eating Behaviors among Three Main Disciplines of Undergraduate Students during the Early COVID-19 Outbreak in Thailand. Nutrients 2023; 15:2765. [PMID: 37375675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
University students' lifestyles and dietary habits have been considerably impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and its related policies and restrictions. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2020 to compare lifestyles, food consumption frequencies, and eating behaviors among three main disciplines of undergraduate students during the early COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand. The study involved 584 participants from Mahidol University, with 45.2% from Health Sciences (HS), 29.1% from Sciences and Technologies (ST), and 25.7% from Social Sciences and Humanities (SH). The results showed that ST students had the highest proportion of overweight and obese (33.5%) individuals, followed by HS (23.9%) and SH (19.3%) students. ST students skipped breakfast the most (34.7%), followed by SH (34%) and HS (30%) students. Furthermore, 60% of SH students spent 7 h or more daily on social media, and they had the least exercise and the highest frequency of ordering home-delivery food. SH students (43.3%) reported a higher likelihood of making unhealthier food choices and consuming fast food, processed meat, bubble tea, boxed fruit and vegetable juice, and crunchy snacks more frequently than students from other disciplines. The findings show that undergraduate students had poor eating behaviors and lifestyles during the early COVID-19 outbreak, highlighting the urgent need to promote food and nutrition security among students during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nantakan Amonsusawat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Phenphop Phansuea
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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15
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Hernández-Segura N, Botella-Juan L, Amezcua-Prieto C, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Mateos-Campos R, Fernández-Villa T, Ortiz-Moncada R, Almaraz A, Narciso-Rufo A, Ayán-Pérez C, Molina AJ. Excess Weight in Relation to Lifestyle Habits in Spanish First-Year University Students: Differences between Pre- and Post-COVID-19-A Serial Cross-Sectional Study Based on uniHcos Project. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111547. [PMID: 37297687 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the body weight and diet, physical activity, and other habits among freshmen students by sex, and to determine whether these habits have changed during the post-era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A serial cross-sectional study with data from 11 Spanish universities was carried out. In total, 10,096 first-year university students (73.2% female, mean age = 19.0 ± 1.5 years) completed an online self-administered questionnaire between 2012 and 2022. For some analyses, questionnaires were categorized by the year in which the survey was filled out as Before COVID-19, Lockdown, and New Normal. In total, 72.9% of participants were within the normal weight range, and 17.7% of men and 11.8% of women were overweight (p < 0.001). The students who did not meet the WHO criteria of physical activity, spent more than 7 h per day sitting, and skipped breakfast had a higher prevalence of obesity (p < 0.05). According to the period of study, the prevalence of overweight/obesity Before COVID-19 was 16.1% (95% CI: 15.4-16.9%), while in Lockdown the prevalence was significantly higher (20.2, 95% CI: 17.1-23.8) and in New Normal it was 18.9% (CI: 15.7-22.5). Moreover, the study suggests that during the Lockdown period, there was a reduction in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the prevalence of a healthy diet. For all these, it is necessary to propose public health interventions that improve the lifestyles of university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hernández-Segura
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Lorena Botella-Juan
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Carmen Amezcua-Prieto
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Ramona Mateos-Campos
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Ortiz-Moncada
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food and Nutrition Research Group (ALINUT), Universidad de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Almaraz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Narciso-Rufo
- Centre for Research on Natural Resources, Health and Environment (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán-Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio José Molina
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- The Research Group in Gene-Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Iizuka K, Sato H, Kobae K, Yanagi K, Yamada Y, Ushiroda C, Hirano K, Ichimaru S, Seino Y, Ito A, Suzuki A, Saitoh E, Naruse H. Young Japanese Underweight Women with "Cinderella Weight" Are Prone to Malnutrition, including Vitamin Deficiencies. Nutrients 2023; 15:2216. [PMID: 37409654 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition among young women at "Cinderella weight" is socially important in Japan. To determine the nutritional status of Cinderella-weight women, we conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study on the health examination results of employees aged 20 to 39 (n = 1457 and 643 for women and men, respectively). The percentage of underweight women was found to be much higher than that of men (16.8% vs. 4.5%, respectively). In underweight women (n = 245), handgrip strength (22.82 ± 5.55 vs. 25.73 ± 5.81 kg, p < 0.001), cholesterol level (177.8 ± 25.2 vs. 194.7 ± 31.2 mg/dL, p < 0.05), and lymphocyte count (1883 ± 503 vs. 2148 ± 765/μL, p < 0.001) were significantly lower than in overweight women (n = 116). Then, the BMI < 17.5 group (n = 44) was referred to the outpatient nutrition evaluation clinic. Lower prealbumin, cholesterol, and lymphocyte levels were also observed in 34%, 59%, and 32% of the patients, respectively. Regarding dietary characteristics, 32% of the underweight women in this study skipped breakfast, and 50% had low dietary diversity scores. Lower total energy intake, carbohydrate and fiber intake, and Ca and Fe intake were also observed in 90% of the patients. Deficiencies in vitamin B1, B12, D, and folate were diagnosed in 4.6%, 25%, 14%, and 98% of the patients, respectively. Thus, young underweight women may be prone to malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Food and Nutrition Service Department, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sato
- Health Management Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobae
- Health Management Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kotone Yanagi
- Health Management Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yamada
- Health Management Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Konomi Hirano
- Food and Nutrition Service Department, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Satomi Ichimaru
- Food and Nutrition Service Department, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akemi Ito
- Food and Nutrition Service Department, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Eiichi Saitoh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Health Management Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
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Kim JS, Seo Y. Breakfast habits, sedentary behavior, and suicide among Korean adolescents: A cross-sectional national study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285312. [PMID: 37141205 PMCID: PMC10159120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the relationships between breakfast habits, leisure-time sedentary behavior, and suicidal behaviors among Korean adolescents, including the mediating effect of leisure-time sedentary behavior on the relationship between breakfast habits and suicidal behaviors. We conducted a cross-sectional national study using secondary data from the 2017-2019 (13-15th) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Surveys, analyzing data from a final sample of 153,992 Korean adolescents using multivariate logistic regression. No breakfast habits were statistically significantly related to suicidal ideation (crude OR [COR], 95% CI = 1.218, 1.172-1.265), suicidal plans (COR, 95% CI = 1.305, 1.228-1.385), and suicide attempts (COR, 95% CI = 1.533, 1.432-1.642). The effects of breakfast habits (independent variable) on suicidal behaviors (outcome variables) were mediated by leisure-time sedentary behavior (mediating variable). Leisure-time sedentary behavior had a statistically significant indirect effect on breakfast habits and suicidal behaviors (p < 0.05). The mediating effect size of breakfast habits mediated by leisure-time sedentary behavior was 3.46% for suicidal ideation, 2.48% for suicidal plans, and 1.06% for suicide attempts. Adolescents who did not consume breakfast demonstrated a significantly higher possibility of suicidal ideation, suicidal plans, and suicide attempts. Parents and teachers should be aware of and monitor adolescents' leisure-time sedentary behavior and breakfast habits to prevent suicidal behavior among this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Seo
- Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Liu BP, Jia CX, Li SX. Soft drink consumption and depressive symptoms among the adolescents of United States: The mediating role of aggressive behaviors. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:27-34. [PMID: 35878833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence for the association among soft drink consumption, aggressive behaviors, and depressive symptoms among the adolescents. METHODS Data were derived from a national representative sample of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of United States during 2011 to 2019. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling design were used to estimate the effect of soft drink consumption on aggressive behaviors and depressive symptoms. Mediating analysis was used to explore the association between soft drink consumption and depressive symptoms by aggressive behaviors. FINDINGS The total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3l.2 % (30.3 %-32.0 %). Compared with none of soft drink consumption, <1 time/day (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.19-1.41), 1-2 times/day (OR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.33-1.67), and ≥3 times/day (OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.70-2.24) were significantly associated with increased risk of aggressive behaviors. High levels of soft drink consumption (1-2 times/day, OR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.32; ≥3 times/day, OR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.42-1.81) and aggressive behaviors (OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.84-2.13) were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. A linear dose-response relationship of soft drink consumption with aggressive behaviors and depressive symptoms was found in this study (all p < 0.001). Aggressive behaviors partially mediated the association between soft drink consumption and depressive symptoms and each pathway was statistically significant. LIMITATIONS The causal relationship was not able to certain because of the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS The mediating role of aggressive behaviors on the association of high levels of soft drink consumptions with depressive symptoms should be paid more attention among the adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Peng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shi-Xue Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Park H, Lee K. Association Between Breakfast Consumption and Suicidal Attempts in Adolescents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2529-2541. [PMID: 36124336 PMCID: PMC9482457 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s380192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been previously reported that skipping breakfast is positively associated with increased depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological distress. This study examined the effects of breakfast consumption on suicide attempts among adolescents. Patients and Methods The Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) is an anonymous self-report survey conducted with middle- and high-school students to understand the health behavior of Korean adolescents. Variables related to suicide risk such as suicide attempts, breakfast frequency, depression, anxiety, and violence were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The class selected as the sample class was surveyed for all students and the number of youths selected as the sample in 2020 was 57,925 students from 800 schools (400 middle schools and 400 high schools) in 17 cities and provinces nationwide. Among them, the dataset for this study was 54,948 completed adolescent health behavior surveys. Results Adolescents who attempted suicide often skipped breakfast and had high stress levels. In the regression analysis, those who ate breakfast less than once a week had a stronger association with suicide attempts than the group of six or seven times a week (OR = 2.186; 95% CI = 1.873-2.552). In the group of feeling sadness or hopeless for more than two weeks in the past year, those who ate breakfast zero or once a week (OR = 1.269; 95% CI = 1.044-1.542), or two or three times (OR = 1.300; 95% CI = 1.043-1.619), showed a stronger correlation with suicide attempts than the group of six or seven times a week. Conclusion Breakfast can affect adolescents' emotions. Helping adolescents regularly eat breakfasts might be a suicide prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanjin Park
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kounseok Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Li X, Sun M, Yao N, Liu J, Wang L, Hu W, Yang Y, Guo R, Li B, Liu Y. Association between patterns of eating habits and mental health problems in Chinese adolescents: A latent class analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906883. [PMID: 35990360 PMCID: PMC9391054 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the association between different eating habit patterns and mental health problems among Chinese middle and high school students, and further to estimate the interaction effect of different grouping variables on eating habits. Methods One thousand three hundred and forty-eight adolescents from Jilin Province in China were involved in this cross-sectional study. Mental health and eating habits were assessed using General Health Questionnaire and questions on Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, respectively. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify eating habit patterns. Binary logistic regression and generalized linear models were used to explore the association between eating habit patterns, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes and mental health problems. Interaction analysis was performed to analyze the association between eating habits and mental health in different groups. Results Based on the LCA results, a 3-class parallel model was identified: 648 adolescents (48.1%) were classified in class-1 “Healthy Eating Behavior/Eating at Home,” 452 adolescents (33.5%) in class-2 “Healthy Eating Behavior/Eating at School” and 248 adolescents (18.4%) in class-3 “Unhealthy Eating Behavior/Random Place.” Compared with class-1, participants in class-2 and class-3 were at higher risk of mental health problems, especially for class-3 (p < 0.05). The energy and nutrient intakes by different latent classes showed that adolescents who ate unhealthy had lower daily intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, Vitamins and minerals (p < 0.05). The interaction between age, sleep duration and different eating habits was statistically significant (p for interaction < 0.1). Conclusion “Unhealthy eating behavior/random place pattern” was positively correlated with mental health problems of adolescents. The adolescents with health diet were accompanied by fewer mental health problems, especially for that eating at home. And there were interactions between eating habits and age, sleep duration on the mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Skipping Breakfast and Incidence of Frequent Alcohol Drinking in University Students in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132657. [PMID: 35807842 PMCID: PMC9267987 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency of alcohol drinking is a potential predictor of binge drinking of alcohol, a serious social problem for university students. Although previous studies have identified skipping breakfast as a predictor of various health-compromising behaviors and cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have assessed the association between skipping breakfast and the incidence of frequent alcohol drinking. This retrospective cohort study included 17,380 male and 8799 female university students aged 18–22 years admitted to Osaka universities between 2004 and 2015. The association between breakfast frequency (eating every day, skipping occasionally, and skipping often/usually) and the incidence of frequent alcohol drinking, defined as drinking ≥4 days/week, was assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. During the median observational period of 3.0 years, 878 (5.1%) men and 190 (2.2%) women engaged in frequent alcohol drinking. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with the incidence of frequent alcohol drinking (adjusted hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] of eating every day, skipping occasionally, and skipping often/usually: 1.00 [reference], 1.02 [0.84–1.25], and 1.48 [1.17–1.88] in men; 1.00 [reference], 1.60 [1.03–2.49], and 3.14 [1.88–5.24] in women, respectively). University students who skipped breakfast were at a higher risk of frequent alcohol drinking than those who ate breakfast every day.
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22
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Askari S, Salimi N, Bakhshi E. Predictors Of Breakfast Consumption Among Iranian Students: Applying Social Cognitive Theory. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background — Despite the known significance of regular breakfast consumption, skipping or inadequate consumption of breakfast is common among students. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is one of the most effective theories in predicting nutritional behaviors, especially breakfast-related behaviors Objective — This study aimed to determine the factors related to breakfast consumption based on SCT among students of Islamic Azad University Kermanshah Branch. Methods — In this cross-sectional study, 206 students of Islamic Azad University Kermanshah Branch were selected based on availability sampling. An online questionnaire consisting of demographic information scales, SCT variables and breakfast consumption behavior was sent to student groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests, chi-square test, linear regression and correlation analysis in SPSS software version 16. Results — On average, students consume breakfast 4.39 times a week. Overall, 17.6% of students had completely ignored breakfast and 42.4% of them ate breakfast irregularly between one and six times a week. Among the components of social cognitive theory, self-efficacy and observational learning predicted 55.7% of changes in breakfast consumption among students (P<0.001). Conclusions — It seems that social cognitive theory is a useful framework for predicting breakfast consumption behavior among young people, and it is possible to improve breakfast consumption behavior by designing and implementing appropriate educational interventions based on this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ehsan Bakhshi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
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Mueller-Stierlin AS, Cornet S, Peisser A, Jaeckle S, Lehle J, Moerkl S, Teasdale SB. Implications of Dietary Intake and Eating Behaviors for People with Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132616. [PMID: 35807799 PMCID: PMC9268504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of poor diet quality and nutritional inadequacies on mental health and mental illness has recently gained considerable attention in science. As the opinions and experiences of people living with serious mental illness on dietary issues are unknown, we aimed to understand the role of nutrition in a biopsychosocial approach. In total, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted with people living with serious mental illness (SMI) in Australia, Germany and Austria, and a generic thematic analysis approach was applied. Four positive (positive effects on the body and mind, therapeutic effects in treating somatic illnesses, pleasure and opportunity for self-efficacy) and three negative (impairment related to mental illness and its treatment, perceived stigma and negative effects on the body and mind) implications of diet were identified. A key issue for most of the participants was the mental burden arising from their body weight. This might indicate that negative implications, such as guilt and stigma, were of primary importance for people with SMI when talking about their dietary behavior. In conclusion, diet-related support is urgently needed for people with SMI. However, especially participants from Germany and Austria reported that this is not yet widely available in mental health settings, leading to hopelessness and resignation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S. Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (A.S.M.-S.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Sebastian Cornet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (A.S.M.-S.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Anna Peisser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Selina Jaeckle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (A.S.M.-S.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jutta Lehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany; (A.S.M.-S.); (S.C.); (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Sabrina Moerkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Scott B. Teasdale
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Serum FGF21 levels are altered by various factors including lifestyle behaviors in male subjects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22632. [PMID: 34799626 PMCID: PMC8604971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has various functions, including glucose and lipid metabolism. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate specific conditions that might influence the functions of FGF21. 398 men who underwent a health examination were enrolled in this study. Physical and biochemical parameters and information on several lifestyle behaviors were obtained from all subjects. FGF21 levels correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), uric acid, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c. Moreover, FGF21 levels were significantly associated with lifestyle behaviors, including smoking status and breakfast and alcohol consumption frequency. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age, ALT, γ-GTP, smoking status, and breakfast and alcohol consumption frequency were independent variables for FGF21 levels. Assessment among the non-obese and obese groups showed that FGF21 levels correlated with WC, SBP, and TC only in the non-obese group. Thus, serum FGF21 levels were affected by several factors, including lifestyle behaviors, age, and liver function. To assess the functions of FGF21 in individuals, considering these factors would be essential.
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Eating habits are associated with subjective sleep quality outcomes among university students: findings of a cross-sectional study. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:1365-1376. [PMID: 34613509 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the relationships between eating habits and sleep quality among university students. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, university students completed a self-report questionnaire to assess eating habits and meal timing. We assessed subjective sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and examined the associations between eating habits and overall sleep quality and its components. RESULTS Four hundred ninety-eight students participated in the study. Students who used to skip breakfast, ate late-night snacks, and replaced meals with snacks were at 1.20 times, 1.24 times, and 1.25 times higher likelihood of having poor overall sleep quality, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast (r = - 0.111, P = 0.007), late-night snacks (r = - 0.109, P = 0.007), replacing meals with snacks (r = - 0.126, P = 0.002), and irregular mealtimes (r = - 0.094, P = 0.018) were the best correlates with poor sleep quality. After adjustment to demographic variables, replacing meals with snacks followed by skipping breakfast were the best independent associations with poor sleep quality by the PSQI. CONCLUSIONS Eating habits and meal timing were significantly associated with sleep quality. We speculate that healthy eating habits may lead to improved sleep quality and sleep components among university students.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in daily habits, food choices and lifestyle of adult Brazilians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This observational study was carried out with Brazilian adults through an online questionnaire 5 months after the social distance measures implementation. The McNemar, McNemar–Bowker and Wilcoxon tests were used to investigate differences before and during the COVID pandemic period, adopting the statistical significance of P < 0·05. SETTING Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Totally, 1368 volunteers aged 18+ years. RESULTS The volunteers reported a lower frequency of breakfast, morning and lunch snacks (P < 0·05) and a higher frequency of evening snacks and other meal categories during the pandemic period (P < 0·05). The results showed an increase in the consumption of bakery products, instant meals and fast food, while the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreased (P < 0·005). There was a significant increase in the frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages (P < 0·001), but a reduction in the dose (P < 0·001), increased frequency of smoking (P = 0·007), an increase in sleep and screen time in hours and decrease in physical activity (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS It was possible to observe an increase in screen time, hours of sleep, smoking and drinking frequency. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the dose of alcoholic beverages but also in the practice of physical activity. Eating habits also changed, reducing the performance of daytime meals and increasing the performance of nighttime meals. The frequency of consumption of instant meals and fast food has increased, while consumption of fruits and vegetables has decreased.
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Arimoto A, Tadaka E. Individual, family, and community factors related to loneliness in mothers raising children less than 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 34059052 PMCID: PMC8165993 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness in mothers raising children under 3 years of age is a major challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual, family, and community factors associated with loneliness among mothers raising children under 3 years of age with social isolation as a mediator. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using anonymous self-administered questionnaires. The target population was all 649 mothers of children under 3 years of age visiting a public health center in Yokohama City and eligible for child health examinations between November 2019 and February 2020. The study measures included loneliness (10-item version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale), social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale [LSNS-6]), demographic data, individual factors, family factors, and community factors from an ecological systems model. Social isolation was classified based on the LSNS-6 cutoff points. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between loneliness and individual, family, and community factors with social isolation as a mediator. RESULTS A total of 531 participants (81.8% response rate) responded, and 492 (75.8% valid response rate) were included in the analysis. Loneliness was significantly higher in the isolated group (n = 171, 34.8%) than in the non-isolated group (n = 321, 65.2%) (mean = 22.3, SD = 5.6 and mean = 17.6, SD = 4.6, respectively). Factors associated with high loneliness included individual and family factors (a high number of parenting and life concerns [β = 0.211, p < 0.01], not eating breakfast every day [β = 0.087, p < 0.05], and fewer partners' supportive behaviors for household duties and childcare [β = - 0.240, p < 0.001]) and community factors (fewer people to consult about parenting [β = - 0.104, p < 0.01] and low community commitment [β = - 0.122, p < 0.05]) with social isolation as a mediator. CONCLUSION Referral to a counseling organization to alleviate worries about parenting and the creation of a child-rearing environment to enhance the recognition of the community may be considered. These findings could help develop intervention programs for the prevention or alleviation of loneliness experienced by mothers and prevent the associated health risks among mothers and child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Arimoto
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Etsuko Tadaka
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kitaku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
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Analysis of the Effects of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits on Depression in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041360. [PMID: 33921610 PMCID: PMC8073119 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While several studies have explored nutrient intake and dietary habits associated with depression, few studies have reflected recent trends and demographic factors. Therefore, we examined how nutrient intake and eating habits are associated with depression, according to gender and age. We performed simple and multiple regressions using nationally representative samples of 10,106 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results indicated that cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, frequency of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and eating out were significantly associated with depression (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, depression was associated with nutrient intake and dietary habits by gender and age group: sugar, breakfast, lunch, and eating out frequency in the young women’s group; sodium and lunch frequency among middle-age men; dietary fibers, breakfast, and eating out frequency among middle-age women; energy, moisture, carbohydrate, lunch, and dinner frequency in late middle-age men; breakfast and lunch frequency among late middle-age women; vitamin A, carotene, lunch, and eating out frequency among older age men; and fat, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and eating out frequency among the older age women’s group (p-value < 0.05). This study can be used to establish dietary strategies for depression prevention, considering gender and age.
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