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Schipper MC, Blaauwendraad SM, Koletzko B, Oei EHG, Jaddoe VWV, Gaillard R. Associations of childhood BMI, general and visceral fat mass with metabolite profiles at school-age. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1307-1317. [PMID: 38851839 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity increases metabolic disease risk. Underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We examined associations of body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, and visceral fat mass with serum metabolites at school-age, and explored whether identified metabolites improved the identification of children at risk of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis among 497 children with a mean age of 9.8 (95% range 9.1, 10.6) years, participating in a population-based cohort study. We measured BMI, total body fat mass using DXA, and visceral fat mass using MRI. Serum concentrations of amino-acids, non-esterified-fatty-acids, phospholipids, and carnitines were determined using LC-MS/MS. Children were categorized as metabolically healthy or metabolically unhealthy, according to BMI, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin levels. RESULTS Higher BMI and total body fat mass were associated with altered concentrations of branched-chain amino-acids, essential amino-acids, and free carnitines. Higher BMI was also associated with higher concentrations of aromatic amino-acids and alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholines (FDR-corrected p-values < 0.05). The strongest associations were present for Lyso.PC.a.C14.0 and SM.a.C32.2 (FDR-corrected p-values < 0.01). Higher visceral fat mass was only associated with higher concentrations of 6 individual metabolites, particularly Lyso.PC.a.C14.0, PC.aa.C32.1, and SM.a.C32.2. We selected 15 metabolites that improved the prediction of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype, compared to BMI only (AUC: BMI: 0.59 [95% CI 0.47,0.71], BMI + Metabolites: 0.91 [95% CI 0.85,0.97]). CONCLUSIONS An adverse childhood body fat profile, characterized by higher BMI and total body fat mass, is associated with metabolic alterations, particularly in amino acids, phospholipids, and carnitines. Fewer associations were present for visceral fat mass. We identified a metabolite profile that improved the identification of impaired cardiometabolic health in children, compared to BMI only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille C Schipper
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia M Blaauwendraad
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Edwin H G Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Al Hariri M, Al-Sulaiti H, Anwardeen N, Naja K, A Elrayess M. Comparing the metabolic signatures of obesity defined by waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, or BMI. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1494-1507. [PMID: 38967317 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measuring obesity is crucial for assessing health risks and developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. The most common methods used to measure obesity include BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. This study aimed to determine the metabolic signatures associated with each measure of obesity in the Qatari population. METHODS Metabolomics profiling was conducted to identify, quantify, and characterize metabolites in serum samples from the study participants. Inverse rank normalization, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis were used to analyze the metabolomics data. RESULTS This study revealed significant differences in metabolites associated with obesity based on different measurements. In men, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolites were significantly enriched in individuals classified as having obesity based on the waist-hip ratio. In women, significant changes were observed in leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism metabolites. Unique metabolites were found in the different categorization groups that could serve as biomarkers for assessing many obesity-related disorders. CONCLUSIONS This study identified unique metabolic signatures associated with obesity based on different measurements in the Qatari population. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in obesity and may have implications for developing personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haya Al-Sulaiti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Khaled Naja
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- College of Medicine, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Assaf S, Park J, Chowdhry N, Ganapuram M, Mattathil S, Alakeel R, Kelly OJ. Unraveling the Evolutionary Diet Mismatch and Its Contribution to the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2024; 14:379. [PMID: 39057702 PMCID: PMC11279030 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the millennia, patterns of food consumption have changed; however, foods were always whole foods. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been a very recent development and have become the primary food source for many people. The purpose of this review is to propose the hypothesis that, forsaking the evolutionary dietary environment, and its complex milieu of compounds resulting in an extensive metabolome, contributes to chronic disease in modern humans. This evolutionary metabolome may have contributed to the success of early hominins. This hypothesis is based on the following assumptions: (1) whole foods promote health, (2) essential nutrients cannot explain all the benefits of whole foods, (3) UPFs are much lower in phytonutrients and other compounds compared to whole foods, and (4) evolutionary diets contributed to a more diverse metabolome. Evidence will be presented to support this hypothesis. Nutrition is a matter of systems biology, and investigating the evolutionary metabolome, as compared to the metabolome of modern humans, will help elucidate the hidden connections between diet and health. The effect of the diet on the metabolome may also help shape future dietary guidelines, and help define healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Owen J. Kelly
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (S.A.); (J.P.); (N.C.); (M.G.); (S.M.); (R.A.)
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Tai Y, Yang X, Gang X, Cong Z, Wang S, Li P, Liu M. Metabolomic signature between diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients: A protocol for systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296749. [PMID: 38232103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and progressive condition defined by hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin production, insulin receptor sensitivity, or both. Several studies have revealed that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with increasing risk of developing diabetes. In this study, we perform a protocol for systematic review to explore metabolite biomarkers that could be used to identify T2DM in obese subjects. METHODS The protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023405518). Three databases, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science were selected to collect potential literature from their inceptions to July December 2023. Data for collection will include title, authors, study subjects, publication date, sample size, detection and analytical platforms, participant characteristics, biological samples, confounding factors, methods of statistical analysis, the frequency and directions of changes in potential metabolic biomarkers, and major findings. Pathway analysis of differential metabolites will be performed with MetaboAnalyst 5.0 based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Human Metabolome Database. RESULTS The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION This systematic review will summarize the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways to provide a new reference for the prevention and treatment of T2DM in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Tai
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaochao Gang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengri Cong
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sixian Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peizhe Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Acupuncture and Massage Center of the Third Afliated Clinical Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang M, Ou Y, Yuan XL, Zhu XF, Niu B, Kang Z, Zhang B, Ahmed A, Xing GQ, Su H. Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic amino acids among new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:53-71. [PMID: 38313852 PMCID: PMC10835491 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) severely impacts early intervention/prevention efforts. Elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: Isoleucine, leucine, valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine)) show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical studies. However, improvement is needed to support its clinical utility. AIM To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body weight. METHODS Ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients (< 12 mo) differing in BMI [normal weight (NW), n = 33, BMI = 22.23 ± 1.60; overweight, n = 42, BMI = 25.9 ± 1.07; obesity (OB), n = 22, BMI = 31.23 ± 2.31] from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China, were studied. One-way and 2-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/AAAs. RESULTS Fasting serum AAAs, BCAAs, glutamate, and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower (P < 0.05, each) in OB-T2DM patients than in NW-T2DM patients, especially in male OB-T2DM patients. Arginine, histidine, leucine, methionine, and lysine were greater in male patients than in female patients. Moreover, histidine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity, body weight and BMI, whereas isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with HDL. CONCLUSION Heterogeneously elevated amino acids, especially BCAAs/AAAs, across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM development. The higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals, whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in NW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in NW individuals. This potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to be used as the T2DM predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lian Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital & The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Guo-Qiang Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital and Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Research and Development, Lotus Biotech.com LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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Tsuchiya C, Pitakaka F, Daefoni J, Furusawa T. Relationship between individual-level social capital and non-communicable diseases among adults in Honiara, Solomon Islands. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:347-356. [PMID: 38618549 PMCID: PMC11009515 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Solomon Islands is experiencing a change in disease burden, from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Urgent action is necessary to reduce the risk of high economic and personal costs associated with NCDs. Social capital refers to the trust, norms and networks that provide social benefits and it is related to health. Despite the strong social bonds among Solomon Islanders, research on the association between social capital and health is lacking. Therefore, this study examines the state of individual social capital and its connection to NCD-related factors in the capital of the Solomon Islands. Method In 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study on 200 adults aged 20-80 years in urban and periurban settlements of the capital. Anthropometric measurements, questionnaires and interview surveys were conducted. Results This study identified higher prevalence of obesity, blood glucose levels and blood pressure compared with previous studies in both study areas. Multiple linear regression analysis reported that in the periurban area, cognitive social capital was negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.005), whereas joining a group was positively associated with BMI (p=0.01). In the urban area, social support from individuals and cognitive social capital were negatively associated with blood glucose levels (p=0.03, p=0.007). Moreover, cognitive social capital was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.03, p=0.006). However, joining citizenship activity was positively associated with glucose levels (p=0.04). Conclusion This study observed that participants living with people of the same linguistic group had high trust in each other. Furthermore, higher cognitive social capital and social support may reduce the risk of NCD-related factors, unlike joining group activities. Public health implications Findings suggest that health professionals should consider the influence of social capital on health promotion and interventions to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frida Pitakaka
- Solomon Islands Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | | | - Takuro Furusawa
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kazeminasab F, Sharafifard F, Miraghajani M, Behzadnejad N, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178376. [PMID: 37635963 PMCID: PMC10450243 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of present meta-analysis was to determine the effects of exercise training (Exe) on insulin resistance (IR) and body weight in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for original articles, published through October 2022 that included exercise versus control interventions on fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and body weight outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for fasting insulin, and weighted mean differences (WMD) for fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, body weight (BW), and 95% confidence intervals were determined using random effects models. Results Thirty-five studies comprising 1,550 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity were included in the present meta-analysis. Exercise training reduced fasting glucose (WMD=-2.52 mg/dL, p=0.001), fasting insulin (SMD=-0.77, p=0.001), HOMA-IR (WMD=-0.82, p=0.001), and BW (WMD=-1.51 kg, p=0.001), as compared to a control. Subgroup analyses showed that biological sex, intervention duration, type of exercise training, BMI percentile, and health status (with or without diagnosed condition), were sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion Exercise training is effective for lowering fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and BW in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and could provide an important strategy for controlling IR and related factors. With clear evidence for the effectiveness of exercise interventions in this vulnerable population, it is important to determine effective approaches for increasing exercise training in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharafifard
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Behzadnejad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Tian C, Li J, Bao Y, Gao L, Song L, Li K, Sun M. Ursolic acid ameliorates obesity of mice fed with high-fat diet via alteration of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183598. [PMID: 37485499 PMCID: PMC10359042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been regarded as one of the major health problems worldwide. Studies demonstrated that ursolic acid (UA) can significantly ameliorate the progress of obesity. However, whether the effect of UA on obesity depends on the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism is uncertain. To investigate the regulatory role of UA in obese mice from the perspective of intestinal microbiome and metabolomics analyses, an obese mice model was established with a high-fat diet, and the effect of UA on obesity was evaluated. The alterations of gut microbiota and metabolism related to obesity were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis. The results of the gut microbiota analysis showed that UA intervention could shift the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level and increase in the genera of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the beneficial influence of UA on obesity partly depended on amino acid metabolism. The current study demonstrated the roles of UA in the anti-obesity process, which depends in part on alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings highlight the potential therapeutic effect of UA on the improvement of diet-induced obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Tian
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Lixin Song
- Baotou Disease Prevention Control Center, Baotou, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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Lonardo A. The heterogeneity of metabolic syndrome presentation and challenges this causes in its pharmacological management: a narrative review focusing on principal risk modifiers. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:891-911. [PMID: 37722710 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2259306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS), i.e. the cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors comprising visceral obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, arterial hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia, is prevalent globally and exacts a heavy toll on health care expenditures. AREAS COVERED The pathophenotypes of individual traits of the MetS in adults are discussed first, with strong emphasis on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sex differences. Next, I discuss recent studies on phenotypic and outcome heterogeneity of the MetS, highlighting the role of NAFLD, sex, reproductive status, and depressive disorders. In the second half of the article, the therapeutic implications of the variable MetS types and features are analyzed, focusing on the most recent developments, and guidelines. EXPERT OPINION I have identified physiological, pathological, social and medical sources of phenotypical heterogeneity in the MetS and its constitutive traits. Improved understanding of these variables may be utilized in the setting of future precision medicine approaches in the field of metabolic disorders and target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Operating Unit of Metabolic Syndrome, Azienda Ospedaliero-Unversitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
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Copur S, Tanriover C, Yavuz F, Tuttle KR, Kanbay M. Tirzepatide and potential use for metabolically healthy obesity. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 113:1-5. [PMID: 37183081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity or metabolically healthy overweight (MHO) is best described as being absent of any major metabolic disorder or cardiovascular diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease despite being obese or overweight. Nevertheless, MHO is being recognized as an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease. In addition, these patients are at a high risk of conversion to the metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Tirzepatide is a newly developed glucose-lowering agent which acts on the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. It has been shown to result in several highly beneficial outcomes including weight loss and a significant improvement in important metabolic parameters such as HbA1c, fasting serum glucose, and triglyceride/lipoprotein levels. These findings suggest that tirzepatide could potentially be beneficial to metabolically healthy obese or metabolically healthy overweight patients in reducing their risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and conversion to the metabolically unhealthy phenotype. In this review, we aim to discuss the potential benefits of using the novel anti-diabetic tirzepatide in the management of MHO to prevent the development of cardiovascular events and to decrease the likelihood of conversion to the unhealthy phenotype. We initially describe the clinical outcomes of MHO as well as the association of MHO with developing future cardiovascular events. We then delineate the currently available evidence behind the clinical effects of tirzepatide. We finally discuss the potential advantages of using tirzepatide in the management of MHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Furkan Yavuz
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, WA, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lokhov PG, Balashova EE, Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Plotnikova OA, Sharafetdinov KK, Nikityuk DB, Tutelyan VA, Ponomarenko EA, Archakov AI. Clinical Blood Metabogram: Application to Overweight and Obese Patients. Metabolites 2023; 13:798. [PMID: 37512504 PMCID: PMC10386708 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the concept of a mass spectrometric blood metabogram was introduced, which allows the analysis of the blood metabolome in terms of the time, cost, and reproducibility of clinical laboratory tests. It was demonstrated that the components of the metabogram are related groups of the blood metabolites associated with humoral regulation; the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and amines; lipid intake into the organism; and liver function, thereby providing clinically relevant information. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the relevance of using the metabogram in a disease. To do this, the metabogram was used to analyze patients with various degrees of metabolic alterations associated with obesity. The study involved 20 healthy individuals, 20 overweight individuals, and 60 individuals with class 1, 2, or 3 obesity. The results showed that the metabogram revealed obesity-associated metabolic alterations, including changes in the blood levels of steroids, amino acids, fatty acids, and phospholipids, which are consistent with the available scientific data to date. Therefore, the metabogram allows testing of metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese patients, providing both a general overview of their metabolic alterations and detailing their individual characteristics. It was concluded that the metabogram is an accurate and clinically applicable test for assessing an individual's metabolic status in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr G Lokhov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E Balashova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana P Trifonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry L Maslov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana A Plotnikova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ustinsky Passage 2/14, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Khaider K Sharafetdinov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ustinsky Passage 2/14, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ustinsky Passage 2/14, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ustinsky Passage 2/14, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Ponomarenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Archakov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Mohamadi A, Shiraseb F, Mirzababaei A, Barekzai AM, Clark CCT, Aali Y, Mirzaei K. Inflammatory markers may mediate the relationship between processed meat consumption and metabolic unhealthy obesity in women: a cross sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9261. [PMID: 37286588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) are known to be affected by diet and inflammatory factors (such as TGF-β1, IL-β1, MCP1). We sought to survey that consume of processed meat could effect on MHO and MUHO phenotypes, mediated through inflammatory markers, in overweight and obese Iranian women. The current cross-sectional study was done on 224 women 18-48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. A 147- item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate dietary intake. In all participants, anthropometric indices and biochemical factors, as well as metabolic health phenotypes based on Karelis score, were evaluated. According to results, 22.6% of participants had MHO and 75.7% had MUHO phenotypes. There was an association between higher adherence to processed meats and increasing odds of MUHO phenotype in Iranian women (OR:2.54; 95% CI 0.009, 7.51; P = 0.05). Moreover, we found that the relation can be affected by agents such as TGF-β1, IL-β1, and MCP1; however, more research is needed to confirm these results and finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Mohamadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Mujtaba Barekzai
- Department of Public Health, Spinghar Institute of Higher Education, Kabul Campus, Kabul, Afghanistan
- Spinghar Institute of Higher Education, Kabul Campus, Kabul, Afghanistan
- World FoodProgram, KIC, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Giesbertz P, Brandl B, Volkert D, Hauner H, Skurk T. Age-related metabolite profiles and their relation to clinical outcomes in young adults, middle-aged individuals, and older people. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22968. [PMID: 37178008 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101930r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Age is a significant risk factor for common noncommunicable diseases, yet the physiological alterations of aging are poorly understood. We were interested in metabolic patterns between cross-sectional cohorts of different age ranges with particular emphasis on waist circumference. We recruited three cohorts of healthy subjects with different age ranges (adolescents 18-25 years, adults 40-65 years, and older citizens 75-85 years) and stratified these based on waist circumference. Using targeted LC-MS/MS metabolite profiling, we analyzed 112 analytes in plasma (amino acids, acylcarnitines, and derivatives). We associated age-related alterations with various anthropometric and functional parameters such as insulin sensitivity and handgrip strength. Strongest age-dependent increases were found for fatty acid-derived acylcarnitines. Amino acid-derived acylcarnitines displayed increased associations with BMI and adiposity. Some essential amino acids changed in opposite directions, being lower at increased age and higher with increasing adiposity. τ-methylhistidine was elevated in older subjects, especially on an adiposity background, suggesting an increased protein turnover. Both aging and adiposity are associated with impaired insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle mass decreased with age and increased with adiposity. Profound differences in the metabolite signatures during healthy aging and elevated waist circumference/body weight were found. Opposite changes in skeletal muscle mass as well as possible differences in insulin signaling (relative insulin deficiency in older subjects versus hyperinsulinemia associated with adiposity), might be underlying origins for the observed metabolite signatures. We describe novel associations between metabolites and anthropometric factors during aging which underlines the complex interplay of aging, insulin resistance, and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Giesbertz
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Brandl
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute of Biomedicine of Ageing (IBA), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center of Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Human Studies, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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14
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Aljuraiban GS, Alfhili MA, Aldhwayan MM, Aljazairy EA, Al-Musharaf S. Shared and Distinct Gut Microbial Profiles in Saudi Women with Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1430. [PMID: 37374933 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests a pivotal role for the gut microbiome in energy disequilibrium characteristic of obesity. The clinical utility of microbial profiling for the distinction between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) remains ill-defined. We aim to probe microbial composition and diversity in young adult Saudi females with MHO and MUO. This observational study included anthropometric and biochemical measurements and shotgun sequencing of stool DNA for 92 subjects. α- and β-diversity metrics were calculated to determine the richness and variability in microbial communities, respectively. Results showed that Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium merycicum were less abundant in MUO compared to healthy and MHO groups. BMI was negatively correlated with B. adolescentis, B. longum, and Actinobacteria in MHO, while being positively correlated with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in both MHO and MUO. Positive correlations between waist circumference and B. merycicum and B. thetaiotaomicron were observed in MHO and MUO, respectively. Compared to MHO and MUO groups, higher α-diversity was detected in healthy individuals who also had higher β-diversity compared to those with MHO. We conclude that modulation of the gut microbiome cohorts through prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation may be a promising preventive and therapeutic approach to obesity-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madhawi M Aldhwayan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esra'a A Aljazairy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Tanriover C, Copur S, Gaipov A, Ozlusen B, Akcan RE, Kuwabara M, Hornum M, Van Raalte DH, Kanbay M. Metabolically healthy obesity: Misleading phrase or healthy phenotype? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:5-20. [PMID: 36890010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition with multiple different phenotypes. Among these a particular subtype exists named as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). MHO has multiple definitions and its prevalence varies according to study. The potential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MHO include the different types of adipose tissue and their distribution, the role of hormones, inflammation, diet, the intestinal microbiota and genetic factors. In contrast to the negative metabolic profile associated with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), MHO has relatively favorable metabolic characteristics. Nevertheless, MHO is still associated with many important chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease as well as certain types of cancer and has the risk of progression into the unhealthy phenotype. Therefore, it should not be considered as a benign condition. The major therapeutic alternatives include dietary modifications, exercise, bariatric surgery and certain medications including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and tirzepatide. In this review, we discuss the significance of MHO while comparing this phenotype with MUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan; Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF "University Medical Center", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Batu Ozlusen
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rustu E Akcan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Loaction VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
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16
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Branched chain amino acids catabolism as a source of new drug targets in pathogenic protists. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108499. [PMID: 36898495 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine, collectively termed Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA), are hydrophobic amino acids (AAs) and are essential for most eukaryotes since in these organisms they cannot be biosynthesized and must be supplied by the diet. These AAs are structurally relevant for muscle cells and, of course, important for the protein synthesis process. The metabolism of BCAA and its participation in different biological processes in mammals have been relatively well described. However, for other organisms as pathogenic parasites, the literature is really scarce. Here we review the BCAA catabolism, compile evidence on their relevance for pathogenic eukaryotes with special emphasis on kinetoplastids and highlight unique aspects of this underrated pathway.
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17
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Yuan Y, He J, Tang M, Chen H, Wei T, Zhang B, Liang D, Nie X. Preventive effect of Ya'an Tibetan tea on obesity in rats fed with a hypercaloric high-fat diet revealed by gut microbiology and metabolomics studies. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112520. [PMID: 36869524 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ya'an Tibetan Tea (YATT) is a classic dark tea variety fermented with a unique geographical environment and traditional craftsmanship. Previous research indicates that it is beneficial for obesity and related metabolic disorders, but no systematic research currently reveals its precise mechanisms. This work investigated the preventive effect of YATT on obesity and the corresponding potential mechanisms by performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics studies. Our results demonstrated that YATT could significantly improve the body weight and fat deposition in hypercaloric high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats, enhance antioxidant enzymes activity and reduce inflammation, and reverse the liver damage caused by an HFD. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis showed that YATT could improve the intestinal microbial disorders caused by the HFD by significantly reversing the increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio and the relative abundance of flora associated with the HFD, such as unclassified_Lachnospiraceae and Romboutsia flora. In addition, metabolomic analysis of cecum contents identified 121 differential metabolites, of which 19 were common to all experimental rats fed with and without a high-fat diet. Strikingly, 17 of the most prevalent 19 differential metabolites, including Theobromine, L-Valine, and Diisobutyl phthalate, were considerably reversed by YATT. Enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathways of these differential metabolites indicated that Caffeine metabolism, Phenylalanine metabolism, and Lysine degradation are the potential metabolic pathways responsible for the obesity prevention effect of YATT. Collectively, this work revealed that YATT has good potential for obesity prevention and the improvement of intestinal microbial communities, potentially due to the YATT-induced alterations in the metabolic pathways and functional metabolite levels of caffeine and amino acids. These results inform the material basis of YATT for obesity prevention and its mechanisms and provide essential insights for developing YATT as a healthy beverage for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jingliu He
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dawei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy & Medical Laboratory, Ya'an Polytechnic College, Ya'an 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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18
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Replication and mediation of the association between the metabolome and clinical markers of metabolic health in an adolescent cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3296. [PMID: 36841863 PMCID: PMC9968318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics-derived metabolites (henceforth metabolites) may mediate the relationship between modifiable risk factors and clinical biomarkers of metabolic health (henceforth clinical biomarkers). We set out to study the associations of metabolites with clinical biomarkers and a potential mediation effect in a population of young adults. First, we conducted a systematic literature review searching for metabolites associated with 11 clinical biomarkers (inflammation markers, glucose, blood pressure or blood lipids). Second, we replicated the identified associations in a study population of n = 218 (88 males and 130 females, average age of 18 years) participants of the DONALD Study. Sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age and BMI and corrected for multiple testing were calculated. Third, we investigated our previously reported metabolites associated with anthropometric and dietary factors mediators in sex-stratified causal mediation analysis. For all steps, both urine and blood metabolites were considered. We found 41 metabolites in the literature associated with clinical biomarkers meeting our inclusion criteria. We were able to replicate an inverse association of betaine with CRP in women, between body mass index and C-reactive protein (CRP) and between body fat and leptin. There was no evidence of mediation by lifestyle-related metabolites after correction for multiple testing. We were only able to partially replicate previous findings in our age group and did not find evidence of mediation. The complex interactions between lifestyle factors, the metabolome, and clinical biomarkers warrant further investigation.
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19
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Fernández-Felipe J, Valencia-Avezuela M, Merino B, Somoza B, Cano V, Sanz-Martos AB, Frago LM, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Ruiz-Gayo M, Chowen JA. Effects of saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids on metabolism, gliosis, and hypothalamic leptin sensitivity in male mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:173-186. [PMID: 35125071 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2029294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of obesity and its comorbidities is not only the result of excess energy intake, but also of dietary composition. Understanding how hypothalamic metabolic circuits interpret nutritional signals is fundamental to advance towards effective dietary interventions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the metabolic response to diets enriched in specific fatty acids. METHODS Male mice received a diet enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UOLF) or saturated fatty acids (SOLF) for 8 weeks. RESULTS UOLF and SOLF mice gained more weight and adiposity, but with no difference between these two groups. Circulating leptin levels increased on both fatty acid-enriched diet, but were higher in UOLF mice, as were leptin mRNA levels in visceral adipose tissue. In contrast, serum non-esterified fatty acid levels only rose in SOLF mice. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of NPY decreased and of POMC increased in both UOLF and SOLF mice, but only SOLF mice showed signs of hypothalamic astrogliosis and affectation of central fatty acid metabolism. Exogenous leptin activated STAT3 in the hypothalamus of all groups, but the activation of AKT and mTOR and the decrease in AMPK activation in observed in controls and UOLF mice was not found in SOLF mice. CONCLUSIONS Diets rich in fatty acids increase body weight and adiposity even if energy intake is not increased, while increased intake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differentially modify metabolic parameters that could underlie more long-term comorbidities. Thus, more understanding of how specific nutrients affect metabolism, weight gain, and obesity associated complications is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Valencia-Avezuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz-Martos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria S Fernández-Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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20
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McCourt AF, O’Sullivan AM. Influence of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles of Older Adults. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020166. [PMID: 36837785 PMCID: PMC9961282 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics can identify metabolite patterns associated with different nutrition phenotypes and determine changes in metabolism in response to nutrition interventions. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased metabolic disease risk; however, the role of vitamin D in metabolic health is not fully understood. This randomised, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) examined the influence of vitamin D status and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolomic profiles in older adults. Healthy adults aged 50+ were randomly assigned to consume 20 µg vitamin D3 or a placebo daily for 4 weeks. Serum samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention for 25(OH)D and metabolomics analysis via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pearson's correlation examined relationships between 25(OH)D and metabolite concentrations. GLM ANCOVA compared metabolite concentrations between vitamin D-insufficient (<50 nmol/L) and -sufficient (>50 nmol/L) participants. The repeated-measures general linear model of covariance (RM GLM ANCOVA) examined changes in metabolites over time. Out of 132 metabolites, 2 short chain fatty acid concentrations were higher in the insufficient participants compared to sufficient participants, and 11 glycerophospholipid concentrations were lower in insufficient participants compared to sufficient participants at baseline. Three acylcarnitine concentrations decreased with vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D-insufficient participants. Our findings suggest that vitamin D status influences lipid metabolism in healthy older adults and supports the use of metabolomics in vitamin D research.
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21
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Zhang C, Wang S, Wu Y, Guo Y, Wang X. Baseline Serum BCAAs are Related to the Improvement in Insulin Resistance in Obese People After a Weight Loss Intervention. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:179-186. [PMID: 36760594 PMCID: PMC9869786 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s388117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been revealed to be closely related to insulin resistance and obesity. This study aimed to investigate if BCAA levels at baseline are related to an improvement in insulin resistance after implementing a weight loss program intervention. METHODS Stored blood samples from participants in previous trials were used for BCAA evaluation. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between baseline amino acid levels and changes in the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and blood glucose. RESULTS A total of 48 participants were enrolled. After the intervention, the body weight (78.29± 12.68 vs 72.06 ± 13.30 kg, p=0.020), fasting glucose (4.76 ± 0.43 vs 4.48 ± 0.39 mmol/L, p=0.001), fasting insulin (18.41±13.58 vs 12.87±10.88, p=0.028), and HOMA-IR (4.01±3.39 vs 2.62± 2.18, p=0.018) were improved significantly. BCAA levels were related to the improvement in HOMA-IR (β=-0.006, p=0.039), and valine was found to be the most closely related to the improvement in HOMA-IR (β=-0.013, p=0.017). CONCLUSION The baseline BCAA is related to the improvement in insulin resistance among participants after a weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suyuan Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Wu
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xi Wang, Email
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22
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Kirk D, Kok E, Tufano M, Tekinerdogan B, Feskens EJM, Camps G. Machine Learning in Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2573-2589. [PMID: 36166846 PMCID: PMC9776646 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data currently generated in the field of nutrition are becoming increasingly complex and high-dimensional, bringing with them new methods of data analysis. The characteristics of machine learning (ML) make it suitable for such analysis and thus lend itself as an alternative tool to deal with data of this nature. ML has already been applied in important problem areas in nutrition, such as obesity, metabolic health, and malnutrition. Despite this, experts in nutrition are often without an understanding of ML, which limits its application and therefore potential to solve currently open questions. The current article aims to bridge this knowledge gap by supplying nutrition researchers with a resource to facilitate the use of ML in their research. ML is first explained and distinguished from existing solutions, with key examples of applications in the nutrition literature provided. Two case studies of domains in which ML is particularly applicable, precision nutrition and metabolomics, are then presented. Finally, a framework is outlined to guide interested researchers in integrating ML into their work. By acting as a resource to which researchers can refer, we hope to support the integration of ML in the field of nutrition to facilitate modern research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kirk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Tufano
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bedir Tekinerdogan
- Information Technology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Camps
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Tsuneki H, Sugiyama M, Ito T, Sato K, Matsuda H, Onishi K, Yubune K, Matsuoka Y, Nagai S, Yamagishi T, Maeda T, Honda K, Okekawa A, Watanabe S, Yaku K, Okuzaki D, Otsubo R, Nomoto M, Inokuchi K, Nakagawa T, Wada T, Yasui T, Sasaoka T. Food odor perception promotes systemic lipid utilization. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1514-1531. [PMID: 36376564 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food cues during fasting elicit Pavlovian conditioning to adapt for anticipated food intake. However, whether the olfactory system is involved in metabolic adaptations remains elusive. Here we show that food-odor perception promotes lipid metabolism in male mice. During fasting, food-odor stimulation is sufficient to increase serum free fatty acids via adipose tissue lipolysis in an olfactory-memory-dependent manner, which is mediated by the central melanocortin and sympathetic nervous systems. Additionally, stimulation with a food odor prior to refeeding leads to enhanced whole-body lipid utilization, which is associated with increased sensitivity of the central agouti-related peptide system, reduced sympathetic activity and peripheral tissue-specific metabolic alterations, such as an increase in gastrointestinal lipid absorption and hepatic cholesterol turnover. Finally, we show that intermittent fasting coupled with food-odor stimulation improves glycemic control and prevents insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Thus, olfactory regulation is required for maintaining metabolic homeostasis in environments with either an energy deficit or energy surplus, which could be considered as part of dietary interventions against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Onishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koharu Yubune
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukina Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sanaka Nagai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Towa Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Honda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akira Okekawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Otsubo
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiologics Evaluation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Immunobiologics Evaluation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Integrated Omics, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Facility of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Body Mass Index Is Independently Associated with the Presence of Ischemia in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58080987. [PMID: 35893102 PMCID: PMC9332284 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58080987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity has been linked to various cardiovascular risk factors, increased incidence of coronary artery disease, and myocardial perfusion defects. The aim of this study was to investigate if body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were associated with myocardial perfusion defects. Materials and Methods: A total of 308 consecutive patients who had myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and a complete medical record on file were studied retrospectively. Results: The median age was 69 (61−76) years, the BMI was 27.6 (24.4−30.7) kg/m2, and the WC was 110 (102−118) cm. Of the 308 patients, 239 patients (77.6%) had myocardial ischemia. A positive test for ischemia was more frequent in men compared to women (72 vs. 28%, p < 0.001). Within the male group, BMI and WC were not significantly different between the ischemia and non-ischemia groups. In contrast, within the female group, both BMI (30.2 vs. 27.1 kg/m2, p = 0.002) and WC (112 vs. 105.5 cm, p = 0.020) were significantly higher in the ischemia group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that male sex and BMI were the only two independent predictors of ischemia in our patient population. Conclusions: This study showed that BMI was an independent predictor of ischemia in our patient population.
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Lind L, Salihovic S, Sundström J, Elmståhl S, Hammar U, Dekkers K, Ärnlöv J, Smith JG, Engström G, Fall T. Metabolic Profiling of Obesity With and Without the Metabolic Syndrome: A Multisample Evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1337-1345. [PMID: 34984454 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is a dispute whether obesity without major metabolic derangements may represent a benign condition or not. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the plasma metabolome in obese subjects without metabolic syndrome (MetS) with normal-weight subjects without MetS and with obese subjects with MetS. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study at 2 academic centers in Sweden. Individuals from 3 population-based samples (EpiHealth, n = 2342, SCAPIS-Uppsala, n = 4985, and SCAPIS-Malmö, n = 3978) were divided into groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and presence/absence of MetS (National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP]/consensus criteria). In total, 791 annotated endogenous metabolites were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS We observed major differences in metabolite profiles (427 metabolites) between obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) subjects without MetS after adjustment for major lifestyle factors. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted branch-chained and aromatic amino acid synthesis/metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolism. The same pathways, and similar metabolites, were also highlighted when obese subjects with and without MetS were compared despite adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, or when the metabolites were related to BMI and number of MetS components in a continuous fashion. Similar metabolites and pathways were also related to insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) in a separate study (POEM, n = 501). CONCLUSION Our data suggest a graded derangement of the circulating metabolite profile from lean to obese to MetS, in particular for metabolites involved in amino acid synthesis/metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Insulin resistance is a plausible mediator of this gradual metabolic deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Koen Dekkers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital , Lund, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Plasma Metabolite Signature Classifies Male LRRK2 Parkinson’s Disease Patients. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020149. [PMID: 35208223 PMCID: PMC8876175 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, causing loss of motor and nonmotor function. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms that do not develop until late in the disease progression, at which point the majority of the patients’ dopaminergic neurons are already destroyed. While many PD cases are idiopathic, hereditable genetic risks have been identified, including mutations in the gene for LRRK2, a multidomain kinase with roles in autophagy, mitochondrial function, transcription, molecular structural integrity, the endo-lysosomal system, and the immune response. A definitive PD diagnosis can only be made post-mortem, and no noninvasive or blood-based disease biomarkers are currently available. Alterations in metabolites have been identified in PD patients, suggesting that metabolomics may hold promise for PD diagnostic tools. In this study, we sought to identify metabolic markers of PD in plasma. Using a 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy metabolomics platform coupled with machine learning (ML), we measured plasma metabolites from approximately age/sex-matched PD patients with G2019S LRRK2 mutations and non-PD controls. Based on the differential level of known and unknown metabolites, we were able to build a ML model and develop a Biomarker of Response (BoR) score, which classified male LRRK2 PD patients with 79.7% accuracy, 81.3% sensitivity, and 78.6% specificity. The high accuracy of the BoR score suggests that the metabolomics/ML workflow described here could be further utilized in the development of a confirmatory diagnostic for PD in larger patient cohorts. A diagnostic assay for PD will aid clinicians and their patients to quickly move toward a definitive diagnosis, and ultimately empower future clinical trials and treatment options.
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27
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Haince JF, Joubert P, Bach H, Ahmed Bux R, Tappia PS, Ramjiawan B. Metabolomic Fingerprinting for the Detection of Early-Stage Lung Cancer: From the Genome to the Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031215. [PMID: 35163138 PMCID: PMC8835988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low, mainly because most newly diagnosed patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Therefore, early diagnosis is key to the successful treatment and management of lung cancer. Unfortunately, early detection methods of lung cancer are not ideal. In this brief review, we described early detection methods such as chest X-rays followed by bronchoscopy, sputum analysis followed by cytological analysis, and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). In addition, we discussed the potential of metabolomic fingerprinting, compared to that of other biomarkers, including molecular targets, as a low-cost, high-throughput blood-based test that is both feasible and affordable for early-stage lung cancer screening of at-risk populations. Accordingly, we proposed a paradigm shift to metabolomics as an alternative to molecular and proteomic-based markers in lung cancer screening, which will enable blood-based routine testing and be accessible to those patients at the highest risk for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Pathology, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada;
| | - Horacio Bach
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada;
| | - Rashid Ahmed Bux
- BioMark Diagnostics Inc., Richmond, BC V6X 2W8, Canada; (J.-F.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Paramjit S. Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-258-1230
| | - Bram Ramjiawan
- Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
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McMurdie PJ, Stoeva MK, Justice N, Nemchek M, Sieber CMK, Tyagi S, Gines J, Skennerton CT, Souza M, Kolterman O, Eid J. Increased circulating butyrate and ursodeoxycholate during probiotic intervention in humans with type 2 diabetes. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 34996347 PMCID: PMC8742391 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing body of evidence implicates the resident gut microbiota as playing a critical role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. We previously reported significant improvement in postprandial glucose control in human participants with T2D following 12-week administration of a 5-strain novel probiotic formulation (‘WBF-011’) in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled setting (NCT03893422). While the clinical endpoints were encouraging, additional exploratory measurements were needed in order to link the motivating mechanistic hypothesis - increased short-chain fatty acids - with markers of disease. Results Here we report targeted and untargeted metabolomic measurements on fasting plasma (n = 104) collected at baseline and end of intervention. Butyrate and ursodeoxycholate increased among participants randomized to WBF-011, along with compelling trends between butyrate and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). In vitro monoculture experiments demonstrated that the formulation’s C. butyricum strain efficiently synthesizes ursodeoxycholate from the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholate during butyrogenic growth. Untargeted metabolomics also revealed coordinated decreases in intermediates of fatty acid oxidation and bilirubin, potential secondary signatures for metabolic improvement. Finally, improvement in HbA1c was limited almost entirely to participants not using sulfonylurea drugs. We show that these drugs can inhibit growth of formulation strains in vitro. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first description of an increase in circulating butyrate or ursodeoxycholate following a probiotic intervention in humans with T2D, adding support for the possibility of a targeted microbiome-based approach to assist in the management of T2D. The efficient synthesis of UDCA by C. butyricum is also likely of interest to investigators of its use as a probiotic in other disease settings. The potential for inhibitory interaction between sulfonylurea drugs and gut microbiota should be considered carefully in the design of future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02415-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McMurdie
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | - Magdalena K Stoeva
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Nicholas Justice
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Madeleine Nemchek
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Surabhi Tyagi
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Jessica Gines
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | | | - Michael Souza
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Orville Kolterman
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - John Eid
- Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, 933 20th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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Hart DA. Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the "Use It or Lose It" Principle. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:685845. [PMID: 34927066 PMCID: PMC8677937 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.685845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integrity. Loss of conditioning or development of chronic deconditioning can have multiple consequences. The study of different types of deconditioning and their prevention or reversal can offer a number of clues to the regulation of these systems and point to how deconditioning poses risk for disease development and progression. From the study of deconditioning associated with spaceflight, a condition not predicted by evolution, prolonged bedrest, protracted sedentary behavior, as well as menopause and obesity and their consequences, provide a background to better understand human heterogeneity and how physical fitness may impact the risks for chronic conditions subsequent to the deconditioning. The effectiveness of optimized physical activity and exercise protocols likely depend on the nature of the deconditioning, the sex and genetics of the individual, whether one is addressing prevention of deconditioning-associated disease or disease-associated progression, and whether it is focused on acute or chronic deconditioning associated with different forms of deconditioning. While considerable research effort has gone into preventing deconditioning, the study of the process of deconditioning and its endpoints can provide clues to the regulation of the affected systems and their contributions to human heterogeneity that have been framed by the boundary conditions of Earth during evolution and the "use it or lose it" principle of regulation. Such information regarding heterogeneity that is elaborated by the study of deconditioning environments could enhance the effectiveness of individualized interventions to prevent deconditions or rescue those who have become deconditioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hart
- Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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30
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Muresan AA, Rusu A, Roman G, Bala C. METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS OF NORMAL WEIGHT, HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY OBESITY: AMINO ACID CHANGE ACROSS THE SPECTRUM OF METABOLIC WELLBEING IN WOMEN. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2021; 17:427-431. [PMID: 35747872 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Context Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with multiple phenotypes described. Although metabolomic biomarkers of obesity have been extensively studied, biomarkers of obesity phenotypes and differences between these phenotypes and normal-weight (NW) persons have been less investigated. Objective The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate serum amino acids (AA) as markers of metabolic alterations in obesity phenotypes and NW. Design Cross-sectional. Subjects and Methods By targeted metabolomics we analyzed serum samples of 70 women using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Participants were divided into 3 groups: NW, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). Results Five AAs were significantly different between study groups: cysteine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, and lysine (p-value <0.05 and variable importance in the projection >1). Cysteine increased linearly with metabolic unwellness from NW to MUHO. Lysine and glutamine were significantly higher, and asparagine was significantly lower in NW and MHO than in MUHO. Conclusions By trend and group analysis we identified specific changes in serum AAs along with the progression of metabolically unwellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Muresan
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Rusu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Roman
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Bala
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Espinoza C, Bascou B, Calvayrac C, Bertrand C. Deciphering Prunus Responses to PPV Infection: A Way toward the Use of Metabolomics Approach for the Diagnostic of Sharka Disease. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070465. [PMID: 34357359 PMCID: PMC8307365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), induces several changes in Prunus. In leaf tissues, the infection may cause oxidative stress and disrupt the photosynthetic process. Moreover, several defense responses can be activated after PPV infection and have been detected at the phytohormonal, transcriptomic, proteomic, and even translatome levels. As proposed in this review, some responses may be systemic and earlier to the onset of symptoms. Nevertheless, these changes are highly dependent among species, variety, sensitivity, and tissue type. In the case of fruit tissues, PPV infection can modify the ripening process, induced by an alteration of the primary metabolism, including sugars and organic acids, and secondary metabolism, including phenolic compounds. Interestingly, metabolomics is an emerging tool to better understand Prunus–PPV interactions mainly in primary and secondary metabolisms. Moreover, through untargeted metabolomics analyses, specific and early candidate biomarkers of PPV infection can be detected. Nevertheless, these candidate biomarkers need to be validated before being selected for a diagnostic or prognosis by targeted analyses. The development of a new method for early detection of PPV-infected trees would be crucial for better management of the outbreak, especially since there is no curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Espinoza
- PSL Université de Paris EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France; (C.E.); (B.B.)
- S.A.S. AkiNaO, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Benoît Bascou
- PSL Université de Paris EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France; (C.E.); (B.B.)
| | - Christophe Calvayrac
- Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France;
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR 3579 Sorbonne Universités (UMPC) Paris 6 et CNRS, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, CEDEX, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Bertrand
- PSL Université de Paris EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France; (C.E.); (B.B.)
- S.A.S. AkiNaO, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-6866-2258
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Cross-National Variations in COVID-19 Mortality: The Role of Diet, Obesity and Depression. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020036. [PMID: 34066585 PMCID: PMC8161818 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by wide variations in mortality across nations. Some of this variability may be explained by medical comorbidities such as obesity and depression, both of which are strongly correlated with dietary practices such as levels of sugar and seafood consumption. Methods: COVID-19 mortality indices for 156 countries were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University’s data aggregator. Correlations between these variables and (a) per capita consumption of sugar and seafood, and (b) country-wise prevalence of depression and obesity were examined. Results: Sugar consumption (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and prevalence of obesity (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with crude mortality rates, while seafood consumption was negatively correlated with the infection fatality rate (r = −0.28, p = 0.015). These effects were significant even after correcting for potential confounders. The associations with depression and obesity remained significant upon multivariate regression. Conclusions: Both obesity and depression, which are associated with inflammatory dysregulation, may be related to cross-national variations in COVID-19 mortality, while seafood consumption may be protective. These findings have implications in terms of protecting vulnerable individuals during the current pandemic.
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Zhu X, Hu J, Guo H, Ji D, Yuan D, Li M, Yan T, Xue C, Ma H, Zhou X, Liu Y, Li Y, Sun K, Liu Y, Sun Z, Wang B. Effect of Metabolic Health and Obesity Phenotype on Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3485-3498. [PMID: 34385823 PMCID: PMC8353171 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s317739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence on body mass index (BMI)-metabolic status phenotypes and diabetes risk remains controversial, especially for metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We aimed to examine the effect of metabolic health and obesity phenotype on diabetes risk in the Chinese population. METHODS A population-based cohort study was carried out. The baseline survey was conducted in 2017, with two follow-up visits in 2018 and 2020. Diabetes was defined based on the criteria of the World Health Organization. Robust generalized estimating equation models with a binary distribution using a log link and exchange structure were applied for the pooled analysis sample. RESULTS A total sample of 9623 observations was pooled for the longitudinal data analysis. The average follow-up time was 1.64 years per person and the overall incidence density of diabetes was 6.94% person-years. Decreased diabetes risk was found in metabolically healthy overweight phenotype (RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.47-0.90) and no significant associations were detected for the MHO individuals (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.63-1.53) compared with those of metabolically healthy normal weight, in contrast to metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MU-NW) (RR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.28-2.55), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MU-OW) (RR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.57-2.61) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) (RR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.89-3.26) phenotypes. Significant associations between BMI-metabolic status phenotypes and diabetes were found in both males and females. CONCLUSION The MUO phenotype needs to be accorded much more importance. MU-NW and MU-OW are also important component for targeted prevention. Our findings can be targeted for optimizing preventive strategies to mitigate the obviously increased prevalence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijian Guo
- Integrated Business Management Office, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dakang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingma Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haonan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Sun
- Yandu Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jurong Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jurong, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Diabetes, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bei Wang Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 25 83272569 Email
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