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Sahoo S, Ghosh S, Areekkadan AM, Chakrabarty A, Banerjee R. Cancer Cell-Selective Inhibition of Migration by Styrenic Catiomer Emulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:53599-53609. [PMID: 39340815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis remains the most formidable cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Developing an effective and economical method toward cancer antimetastatic strategy demands immediate attention in anticancer therapy. Herein, we followed a cost-effective greener method for preparing a small family of amphiphilic catiomers with varied styrene content (45, 63, and 83%), which revealed the unique potential of promoting normal cell migration while retarding cancer metastasis. The styrenic polymers formed micellar self-assembly in aqueous phase and exhibited a cationic charge. Polymers were quite nontoxic up to 200 μg/mL concentration toward human embryonic kidney cell HEK293 as well as human, triple negative breast cancer cell MDAMB-231, mouse melanoma cell B16F10, and human oral squamous carcinoma cell FaDu. Confocal imaging and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) showed effective incorporation of polymers within cells. Interestingly, the polymer-treated HEK293 cells underwent prominent wound healing in scratch assay. However, the as-synthesized polymer-treated cancer cells resisted migration as analyzed from the scratch assay. A mechanistic study using immunoblotting assay established upregulation of migratory proteins vimentin and TGF-β and downregulation of E-cadherin in normal HEK293 cells. Remarkably, this trend was completely reversed in cancer cell MDAMB-231. This study describes the extraordinary potential of styrenic catiomers as wound healers for normal cells while inhibiting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Sahoo
- Department of Oils, Lipid Science & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Souma Ghosh
- Department of Oils, Lipid Science & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abdul Malik Areekkadan
- Department of Polymers & Functional Materials, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Arindam Chakrabarty
- Department of Polymers & Functional Materials, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Department of Oils, Lipid Science & Technology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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García-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez J, Villacorta A, Arribas Arranz J, Romero-Andrada I, Lacoma A, Marcos R, Hernández A, Rubio L. Polylactic acid nanoplastics (PLA-NPLs) induce adverse effects on an in vitro model of the human lung epithelium: The Calu-3 air-liquid interface (ALI) barrier. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134900. [PMID: 38878440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The expected increments in the production/use of bioplastics, as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics, require a deep understanding of their potential environmental and health hazards, mainly as nanoplastics (NPLs). Since one important exposure route to NPLs is through inhalation, this study aims to determine the fate and effects of true-to-life polylactic acid nanoplastics (PLA-NPLs), using the in vitro Calu-3 model of bronchial epithelium, under air-liquid interphase exposure conditions. To determine the harmful effects of PLA-NPLs in a more realistic scenario, both acute (24 h) and long-term (1 and 2 weeks) exposures were used. Flow cytometry results indicated that PLA-NPLs internalized easily in the barrier (∼10 % at 24 h and ∼40 % after 2 weeks), which affected the expression of tight-junctions formation (∼50 % less vs control) and the mucus secretion (∼50 % more vs control), both measured by immunostaining. Interestingly, significant genotoxic effects (DNA breaks) were detected by using the comet assay, with long-term effects being more marked than acute ones (7.01 vs 4.54 % of DNA damage). When an array of cellular proteins including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were used, a significant over-expression was mainly found in long-term exposures (∼20 proteins vs 5 proteins after acute exposure). Overall, these results described the potential hazards posed by PLA-NPLs, under relevant long-term exposure scenarios, highlighting the advantages of the model used to study bronchial epithelium tissue damage, and signaling endpoints related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Rodríguez
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Javier Gutiérrez
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jéssica Arribas Arranz
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Lacoma
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Laura Rubio
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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El Basset W, Cornu R, Zaiter T, Jacquin L, Pellequer Y, Moulari B, Diab-Assaf M, Brunel F, Monteil V, Béduneau A. Impact of polyethylene nanoplastics on human intestinal cells. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:499-510. [PMID: 39207115 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2393643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used plastics in the world. Its degradation leads to the production of small particles including microplastics and nanoplastics (NPs). Plastic particles' presence poses a health risk. The aim of this work was to investigate the toxicity of two model surfactant-free PE NPs prepared by polymerization of ethylene from cationic and anionic water-soluble initiators on human cell lines Caco-2 and HT29-MTX. After physicochemical characterization, their acute and subacute toxicity profile, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity, was evaluated on both cell lines. Results showed a size increase of PE NPs in culture medium. Zeta potential values close to -10 mV were no longer dependent on the initiator charge after adsorption of serum components in culture medium. However, the cellular toxicity of the cationic and anionic PE NPs was very different. A time-and-concentration dependent cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells were only observed for PE NPs prepared with cationic initiators. No toxicity was observed on HT29-MTX, likely due to the protective mucus layer. Genotoxicity correlated with oxidative stress of some PE NPs on Caco-2 cells was observed from a concentration of 0.1 mg.mL-1 after 48-h exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim El Basset
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Raphaël Cornu
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Taghrid Zaiter
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Léa Jacquin
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, CP2M UMR 5128, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Brice Moulari
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fabrice Brunel
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, CP2M UMR 5128, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Monteil
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, CP2M UMR 5128, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- Université de Franche-Comté, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
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Song M, Ruan Q, Wang D. Comparison of Transgenerational Neurotoxicity between Pristine and Amino-Modified Nanoplastics in C. elegans. TOXICS 2024; 12:555. [PMID: 39195657 PMCID: PMC11358997 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that nanoplastic pollution has become a global concern. More importantly, transgenerational toxicity can be induced by nanoplastics at predicted environmentally relevant doses (ERDs). Considering that amino modification could increase nanoplastic toxicity, we compared transgenerational neurotoxicity between pristine polystyrene nanoparticle (PS-NP) and amino-modified PS-NP (NH2-PS-NP) in Caenorhabditis elegans. At 0.1-10 μg/L, NH2-PS-NP caused more severe transgenerational toxicity on locomotion and neuronal development. Accompanied with a difference in transgenerational neuronal damage, compared to PS-NP (10 μg/L), NH2-PS-NP (10 μg/L) induced more severe transgenerational activation of mec-4, crt-1, itr-1, and tra-3, which are required for the induction of neurodegeneration. Moreover, NH2-PS-NP (10 μg/L) caused more severe transgenerational inhibition in expressions of mpk-1, jnk-1, dbl-1, and daf-7 than PS-NP (10 μg/L), and RNA interference (RNAi) of these genes conferred susceptibility to the toxicity of PS-NP and NH2-PS-NP on locomotion and neuronal development. NH2-PS-NP (10 μg/L) further caused more severe transgenerational activation of germline ligand genes (ins-3, ins-39, daf-28, lin-44, egl-17, efn-3, and lag-2) than PS-NP (10 μg/L), and RNAi of these ligand genes caused resistance to the toxicity of PS-NP and NH2-PS-NP on locomotion and neuronal development. Our results highlighted more severe exposure risk of amino-modified nanoplastics at ERDs in causing transgenerational neurotoxicity in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Song
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinli Ruan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen 518122, China
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Aloisi M, Grifoni D, Zarivi O, Colafarina S, Morciano P, Poma AMG. Plastic Fly: What Drosophila melanogaster Can Tell Us about the Biological Effects and the Carcinogenic Potential of Nanopolystyrene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7965. [PMID: 39063206 PMCID: PMC11277132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, plastic pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment and public health. In the tissues of exposed species, micro- and nano-fragments accumulate, leading to genotoxicity, altered metabolism, and decreased lifespan. A model to investigate the genotoxic and tumor-promoting potential of nanoplastics (NPs) is Drosophila melanogaster. Here we tested polystyrene, which is commonly used in food packaging, is not well recycled, and makes up at least 30% of landfills. In order to investigate the biological effects and carcinogenic potential of 100 µm polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), we raised Oregon [R] wild-type flies on contaminated food. After prolonged exposure, fluorescent PSNPs accumulated in the gut and fat bodies. Furthermore, PSNP-fed flies showed considerable alterations in weight, developmental time, and lifespan, as well as a compromised ability to recover from starvation. Additionally, we noticed a decrease in motor activity in DNAlig4 mutants fed with PSNPs, which are known to be susceptible to dietary stressors. A qPCR molecular investigation of the larval intestines revealed a markedly elevated expression of the genes drice and p53, suggesting a response to cell damage. Lastly, we used warts-defective mutants to assess the carcinogenic potential of PSNPs and discovered that exposed flies had more aberrant masses than untreated ones. In summary, our findings support the notion that ingested nanopolystyrene triggers metabolic and genetic modifications in the exposed organisms, eventually delaying development and accelerating death and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Aloisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (D.G.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (D.G.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (D.G.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (D.G.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Patrizia Morciano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (D.G.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (P.M.)
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giuseppina Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (D.G.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (P.M.)
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Kumar N, Lamba M, Pachar AK, Yadav S, Acharya A. Microplastics - A Growing Concern as Carcinogens in Cancer Etiology: Emphasis on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01436-0. [PMID: 39031249 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
In today's world, the widespread presence of microplastics is undeniable, with concentrations found in various environments, including up to 1000 particles per liter in seawater and up to 10 particles per cubic meter in the atmosphere. Originating from diverse sources, both intentional and unintentional, these minuscule fragments, measuring less than 5 mm, pose significant threats to environmental and human health. Recent research has uncovered a concerning link between microplastics and cancer, prompting urgent investigation. Studies demonstrate microplastics can infiltrate cells, disrupt biological processes, and potentially foster carcinogenic environments. From inducing DNA damage and oxidative stress to triggering inflammatory responses and dysregulating cellular pathways, microplastics exhibit a multifaceted capability in contributing to cancer development. Furthermore, microplastics act as carriers for a range of contaminants, compounding their impact on human health. Their accumulation within tissues and organs raises concerns for short and long-term health consequences, including chronic diseases, reproductive issues, and developmental abnormalities. This review explores the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between microplastics and cellular systems, providing insights into routes of exposure and health effects, with a focus on lung, skin, and digestive system cancers. As we confront this pressing environmental and public health challenge, a deeper understanding of the microplastic-cancer relationship is crucial to safeguarding the well-being of present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic & Applied Science, Raffles University, Neemrana, 301705, Alwar, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Mridul Lamba
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic & Applied Science, Raffles University, Neemrana, 301705, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pachar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic & Applied Science, Raffles University, Neemrana, 301705, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Martín-Pérez J, Villacorta A, Banaei G, Morataya-Reyes M, Tavakolpournegari A, Marcos R, Hernández A, García-Rodriguez A. Hazard assessment of nanoplastics is driven by their surface-functionalization. Effects in human-derived primary endothelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173236. [PMID: 38761522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
During plastic waste degradation into micro/nanoplastics (MNPLs) their physicochemical characteristics including surface properties (charge, functionalization, biocorona, etc.) can change, potentially affecting their biological effects. This paper focuses on the surface functionalization of MNPLs to determine if it has a direct impact on the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic interactions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), at different exposure times. Pristine polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPLs), as well as their carboxylated (PS-C-NPLs) and aminated (PS-A-NPLs) forms, all around 50 nm, were used in a wide battery of toxicological assays. These assays encompassed evaluations on cell viability, cell internalization, induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), and genotoxicity. The experiments were conducted at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, chosen to ensure a high internalization rate across all treatments while maintaining a sub-toxic concentration. Our results show that all PS-NPLs are internalized by HUVECs, but the internalization dynamic depends on the particle's functionalization. PS-NPLs and PS-C-NPLs internalization modify the morphology of the cell increasing its inner complexity/granularity. Regarding cell toxicity, only PS-A-NPLs reduced cell viability. Intracellular ROS was induced by the three different PS-NPLs but at different time points. Genotoxic damage was induced by the three PS-NPLs at short exposures (2 h), but not for PS-C-NPLs at 24 h. Overall, this study suggests that the toxicological effects of PSNPLs on HUVEC cells are surface-dependent, highlighting the relevance of using human-derived primary cells as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martín-Pérez
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Gooya Banaei
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Michelle Morataya-Reyes
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain.
| | - Alba García-Rodriguez
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain.
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8
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Liu H, Li H, Chen T, Yu F, Lin Q, Zhao H, Jin L, Peng R. Research Progress on Micro(nano)plastic-Induced Programmed Cell Death Associated with Disease Risks. TOXICS 2024; 12:493. [PMID: 39058145 PMCID: PMC11281249 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to their robust migration capabilities, slow degradation, and propensity for adsorbing environmental pollutants, micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are pervasive across diverse ecosystems. They infiltrate various organisms within different food chains through multiple pathways including inhalation and dermal contact, and pose a significant environmental challenge in the 21st century. Research indicates that MNPs pose health threats to a broad range of organisms, including humans. Currently, extensive detection data and studies using experimental animals and in vitro cell culture indicate that MNPs can trigger various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) and can induce various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of different MNP-induced PCD processes, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and apoptosis, based on recent research findings and focuses on elucidating the links between PCD and diseases. Additionally, targeted therapeutic interventions for these diseases are described. This review provides original insights into the opportunities and challenges posed by current research findings. This review evaluates ways to mitigate various diseases resulting from cell death patterns. Moreover, this paper enhances the understanding of the biohazards associated with MNPs by providing a systematic reference for subsequent toxicological research and health risk mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (H.L.); (T.C.); (F.Y.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (L.J.)
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9
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Janke U, Geist N, Weilbeer E, Levin W, Delcea M. Impact of Protein Corona Formation and Polystyrene Nanoparticle Functionalisation on the Interaction with Dynamic Biomimetic Membranes Comprising of Integrin. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400188. [PMID: 38743506 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastics, omnipresent in the environment, have become a global concern due to their durability and limited biodegradability, especially in the form of microparticles and nanoparticles. Polystyrene (PS), a key plastic type, is susceptible to fragmentation and surface alterations induced by environmental factors or industrial processes. With widespread human exposure through pollution and diverse industrial applications, understanding the physiological impact of PS, particularly in nanoparticle form (PS-NPs), is crucial. This study focuses on the interaction of PS-NPs with model blood proteins, emphasising the formation of a protein corona, and explores the subsequent contact with platelet membrane mimetics using experimental and theoretical approaches. The investigation involves αIIbβ3-expressing cells and biomimetic membranes, enabling real-time and label-free nanoscale precision. By employing quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring studies, the concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of differently functionalised ~210 nm PS-NPs on HEK293 cells overexpressing αIIbβ3 are evaluated in detail. The study unveils insights into the molecular details of PS-NP interaction with supported lipid bilayers, demonstrating that a protein corona formed in the presence of exemplary blood proteins offers protection against membrane damage, mitigating PS-NP cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Janke
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norman Geist
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emma Weilbeer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wanda Levin
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Adler MY, Issoual I, Rückert M, Deloch L, Meier C, Tschernig T, Alexiou C, Pfister F, Ramsperger AF, Laforsch C, Gaipl US, Jüngert K, Paulsen F. Effect of micro- and nanoplastic particles on human macrophages. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134253. [PMID: 38642497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in the environment, resulting in the uptake of MNPs by a variety of organisms, including humans, leading to particle-cell interaction. Human macrophages derived from THP-1 cell lines take up Polystyrene (PS), a widespread plastic. The question therefore arises whether primary human macrophages also take up PS micro- and nanobeads (MNBs) and how they react to this stimulation. Major aim of this study is to visualize this uptake and to validate the isolation of macrophages from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to assess the impact of MNPs on human macrophages. Uptake of macrophages from THP-1 cell lines and PBMCs was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy and live cell imaging. In addition, the reaction of the macrophages was analyzed in terms of metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophage polarization. This study is the first to visualize PS MNBs in primary human cells using TEM and live cell imaging. Metabolic activity was size- and concentration-dependent, necrosis and ROS were increased. The methods demonstrated in this study outline an approach to assess the influence of MNP exposure on human macrophages and help investigating the consequences of worldwide plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Y Adler
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Insaf Issoual
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Chair of Machine Learning and Data Analytics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Pfister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I and Bay CEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Jüngert
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Zhang Q, Lang Y, Tang X, Cheng W, Cheng Z, Rizwan M, Xie L, Liu Y, Xu H, Liu Y. Polystyrene microplastic-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to growth plate endochondral ossification disorder in young rat. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3314-3329. [PMID: 38440912 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on the effects of microplastics (MPs) on bone in early development are limited. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of MPs on bone in young rats and the potential mechanism. METHODS Three-week-old female rats were orally administered MPs for 28 days, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor salubrinal (SAL) and ER stress agonist tunicamycin (TM) were added to evaluate the effect of ER stress on toxicity of MPs. The indicators of growth and plasma markers of bone turnover were evaluated. Tibias were analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Histomorphological staining of growth plates was performed, and related gene expression of growth plate chondrocytes was tested. RESULTS After exposure of MPs, the rats had decreased growth, shortened tibial length, and altered blood calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Trabecular bone was sparse according to micro-CT inspection. In the growth plate, the thickness of proliferative zone substantial reduced while the thickness of hypertrophic zone increased significantly, and the chondrocytes were scarce and irregularly arranged according to tibial histological staining. The transcription of the ER stress-related genes BIP, PERK, ATF4, and CHOP dramatically increased, and the transcription factors involved in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and matrix secretion were aberrant according to RT-qPCR and western blotting. Moreover, the addition of TM showed higher percentage of chondrocyte death. Administration of SAL alleviated all of the MPs-induced symptoms. CONCLUSION These results indicated that MPs could induce growth retardation and longitudinal bone damage in early development. The toxicity of MPs may attribute to induced ER stress and impaired essential processes of the endochondral ossification after MPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Lang
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zugen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Rogers K, WaMaina E, Barber A, Masood S, Love C, Kim YH, Gilmour MI, Jaspers I. Emissions from plastic incineration induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired bioenergetics in primary human respiratory epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:301-315. [PMID: 38539046 PMCID: PMC11131019 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to plastic incineration emissions (PIEs) is a problem of increasing human relevance, as plastic production and waste creation have drastically increased since mainstream integration during the 20th century. We investigated the effects of PIEs on human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) to understand if such exposures cause damage and dysfunction to respiratory epithelia. Primary HNECs from male and female donors were cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI), and 16HBE cells were cultured on coverslips. Smoke condensates were generated from incineration of plastic at flaming (640°C) and smoldering (500°C) temperatures, and cells were subsequently exposed to these materials at 5-50 μg/cm2 concentrations. HNECs were assessed for mitochondrial dysfunction and 16HBE cells for glutathione oxidation in real-time analyses. HNEC culture supernatants and total RNA were collected at 4-h postexposure for cytokine and gene expression analysis, and results show that PIEs can acutely induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HNECs, and that incineration temperature modifies biological responses. Specifically, condensates from flaming and smoldering PIEs significantly increased HNEC secretion of cytokines IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-13, as well as expression of xenobiotic metabolism pathways and genes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 at 5 and 20 μg/cm2 concentrations. Only 50 μg/cm2 flaming PIEs significantly increased glutathione oxidation in 16HBEs, and decreased respiration and ATP production in HNEC mitochondria. Impact Statement: Our data reveal the impact of incineration temperatures on biological outcomes associated with PIE exposures, emphasizing the importance of temperature as a factor when evaluating respiratory disease associated with PIEs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Rogers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA
| | | | - Andrew Barber
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA
| | - Charlotte Love
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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13
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Wu HQ, Qi YT, Guo BY, Zhao Y, Zhang XW, Huang WH. Nanoelectrochemistry monitoring of intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced by nanoplastic exposure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5546-5549. [PMID: 38700121 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Airborne nanoplastics can enter alveolar cells and trigger intracellular oxidative stress primarily. Herein, taking advantage of the high electrochemical resolution of SiC@Pt nanoelectrodes, we achieved the quantitative discrimination of the major ROS/RNS within A549 cells, disclosed the sources of their precursors, and observed that the NO (RNS precursor) level significantly increased, whereas O2˙- (ROS precursor) remained relatively stable during the nanoplastics exposure. This establishes that iNOS or mitochondrion-targeted treatment may be a preventive or therapeutic strategy for nanoplastic-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yu-Ting Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bing-Yi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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14
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da Silva Brito WA, Ravandeh M, Saadati F, Singer D, Dorsch AD, Schmidt A, Cecchini AL, Wende K, Bekeschus S. Sonicated polyethylene terephthalate nano- and micro-plastic-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141813. [PMID: 38575082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The environmental presence of nano- and micro-plastic particles (NMPs) is suspected to have a negative impact on human health. Environmental NMPs are difficult to sample and use in life science research, while commercially available plastic particles are too morphologically uniform. Additionally, this NMPs exposure exhibited biological effects, including cell internalization, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular adaptation, and genotoxicity. Therefore, developing new methods for producing heterogenous NMPs as observed in the environment is important as reference materials for research. Thus, we aimed to generate and characterize NMPs suspensions using a modified ultrasonic protocol and to investigate their biological effects after exposure to different human cell lines. To this end, we produced polyethylene terephthalate (PET) NMPs suspensions and characterized the particles by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrasound treatment induced polymer degradation into smaller and heterogeneous PET NMPs shape fragments with similar surface chemistry before and after treatment. A polydisperse suspension of PET NMPs with 781 nm in average size and negative surface charge was generated. Then, the PET NMPs were cultured with two human cell lines, A549 (lung) and HaCaT (skin), addressing inhalation and topical exposure routes. Both cell lines interacted with and have taken up PET NMPs as quantified via cellular granularity assay. A549 but not HaCaT cell metabolism, viability, and cell death were affected by PET NMPs. In HaCaT keratinocytes, large PET NMPs provoked genotoxic effects. In both cell lines, PET NMPs exposure affected oxidative stress, cytokine release, and cell morphology, independently of concentration, which we could relate mechanistically to Nrf2 and autophagy activation. Collectively, we present a new PET NMP generation model suitable for studying the environmental and biological consequences of exposure to this polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walison Augusto da Silva Brito
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, 86047970, Brazil
| | - Mehdi Ravandeh
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics (IBI3), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fariba Saadati
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Daniela Dorsch
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, 86047970, Brazil
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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15
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González-Caballero MC, de Alba González M, Torres-Ruiz M, Iglesias-Hernández P, Zapata V, Terrón MC, Sachse M, Morales M, Martin-Folgar R, Liste I, Cañas-Portilla AI. Internalization and toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics on inmortalized human neural stem cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141815. [PMID: 38556182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Global plastic production has increased exponentially in recent decades, and a significant part of it persists in the environment, where it degrades into microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs and NPs). These can enter in humans by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes, and there is scientific evidence that they are able to reach the systemic circulation and penetrate and accumulate in various tissues and organs. Neurodevelopmental toxicity of NPs is one of the most worrying effects, as they can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the following study, we analyzed, by transmission electron microscopy, the in vitro uptake of 30-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) into human neural stem cells (NSCs), their accumulation and subcellular localization within the cell. Furthermore, we studied the effects of different concentrations of PS-NPs on cell death, proliferation, and cell differentiation using immunocytochemistry and quantitative real time PCR for specific markers. This study demonstrated that PS-NPs were able to enter the cell, probably by endocytosis, accumulate, and aggregated in human NSCs, without being detected in the nucleus, causing cell death by apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. This study provides new insights into the interaction and effects of PS-NPs in human NSC and supports the scientific evidence for the involvement of nanoplastic in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Carmen González-Caballero
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes de Alba González
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Torres-Ruiz
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Iglesias-Hernández
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Zapata
- Unidad Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Terrón
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Unidades Centrales Científico Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Sachse
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Unidades Centrales Científico Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Avda, Esparta s/n. Ctra. de Las Rozas al Escorial Km 5, 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED. Urbanización Monte Rozas, Avda, Esparta s/n. Ctra. de Las Rozas al Escorial Km 5, 28232, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Liste
- Unidad Funcional de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2., 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Cañas-Portilla
- Área de Toxicología Ambiental, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km. 2,2, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Płuciennik K, Sicińska P, Misztal W, Bukowska B. Important Factors Affecting Induction of Cell Death, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage by Nano- and Microplastic Particles In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:768. [PMID: 38727304 PMCID: PMC11083305 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We have described the influence of selected factors that increase the toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) with regard to cell viability, various types of cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, and genotoxicity. These factors include plastic particle size (NPs/MPs), zeta potential, exposure time, concentration, functionalization, and the influence of environmental factors and cell type. Studies have unequivocally shown that smaller plastic particles are more cytotoxic, penetrate cells more easily, increase ROS formation, and induce oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. The toxic effects also increase with concentration and incubation time. NPs with positive zeta potential are also more toxic than those with a negative zeta potential because the cells are negatively charged, inducing stronger interactions. The deleterious effects of NPs and MPs are increased by functionalization with anionic or carboxyl groups, due to greater interaction with cell membrane components. Cationic NPs/MPs are particularly toxic due to their greater cellular uptake and/or their effects on cells and lysosomal membranes. The effects of polystyrene (PS) vary from one cell type to another, and normal cells are more sensitive to NPs than cancerous ones. The toxicity of NPs/MPs can be enhanced by environmental factors, including UV radiation, as they cause the particles to shrink and change their shape, which is a particularly important consideration when working with environmentally-changed NPs/MPs. In summary, the cytotoxicity, oxidative properties, and genotoxicity of plastic particles depends on their concentration, duration of action, and cell type. Also, NPs/MPs with a smaller diameter and positive zeta potential, and those exposed to UV and functionalized with amino groups, demonstrate higher toxicity than larger, non-functionalized and environmentally-unchanged particles with a negative zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.P.); (P.S.); (W.M.)
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17
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Solorio-Rodriguez SA, Wu D, Boyadzhiev A, Christ C, Williams A, Halappanavar S. A Systematic Genotoxicity Assessment of a Suite of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Reveals Their DNA Damaging and Clastogenic Potential. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 38727337 PMCID: PMC11085103 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONP/s) induce DNA damage, which is influenced by their physicochemical properties. In this study, the high-throughput CometChip and micronucleus (MicroFlow) assays were used to investigate DNA and chromosomal damage in mouse lung epithelial cells induced by nano and bulk sizes of zinc oxide, copper oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide. Ionic forms of MONPs were also included. The study evaluated the impact of solubility, surface coating, and particle size on response. Correlation analysis showed that solubility in the cell culture medium was positively associated with response in both assays, with the nano form showing the same or higher response than larger particles. A subtle reduction in DNA damage response was observed post-exposure to some surface-coated MONPs. The observed difference in genotoxicity highlighted the mechanistic differences in the MONP-induced response, possibly influenced by both particle stability and chemical composition. The results highlight that combinations of properties influence response to MONPs and that solubility alone, while playing an important role, is not enough to explain the observed toxicity. The results have implications on the potential application of read-across strategies in support of human health risk assessment of MONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Aidee Solorio-Rodriguez
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrey Boyadzhiev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Callum Christ
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.W.)
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5, Canada
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18
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Vasse GF, Melgert BN. Microplastic and plastic pollution: impact on respiratory disease and health. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230226. [PMID: 39009408 PMCID: PMC11262622 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0226-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lifecycle, from production to use and upon disposal, plastics release chemicals and particles known as micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) that can accumulate in the environment. MNPs have been detected in different locations of the human body, including in our lungs. This is likely a consequence of MNP exposure through the air we breathe. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the impact that MNP exposure may have on respiratory disease and health. In this review, we have collated the current body of evidence on the implications of MNP inhalation on human lung health from in vitro, in vivo and occupational exposure studies. We focused on interactions between MNP pollution and different specific lung-resident cells and respiratory diseases. We conclude that it is evident that MNPs possess the capacity to affect lung tissue in disease and health. Yet, it remains unclear to which extent this occurs upon exposure to ambient levels of MNPs, emphasising the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of environmental MNP exposure levels in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Sarma K, Akther MH, Ahmad I, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alossaimi MA, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Gautam P. Adjuvant Novel Nanocarrier-Based Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1076. [PMID: 38474590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the lowest survival rate due to its late-stage diagnosis, poor prognosis, and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. These factors decrease the effectiveness of treatment. They release chemokines and cytokines from the tumor microenvironment (TME). To improve the effectiveness of treatment, researchers emphasize personalized adjuvant therapies along with conventional ones. Targeted chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems and specific pathway-blocking agents using nanocarriers are a few of them. This study explored the nanocarrier roles and strategies to improve the treatment profile's effectiveness by striving for TME. A biofunctionalized nanocarrier stimulates biosystem interaction, cellular uptake, immune system escape, and vascular changes for penetration into the TME. Inorganic metal compounds scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) through their photothermal effect. Stroma, hypoxia, pH, and immunity-modulating agents conjugated or modified nanocarriers co-administered with pathway-blocking or condition-modulating agents can regulate extracellular matrix (ECM), Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF),Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk receptors (TAM) regulation, regulatory T-cell (Treg) inhibition, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) inhibition. Again, biomimetic conjugation or the surface modification of nanocarriers using ligands can enhance active targeting efficacy by bypassing the TME. A carrier system with biofunctionalized inorganic metal compounds and organic compound complex-loaded drugs is convenient for NSCLC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Md Habban Akther
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Preety Gautam
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
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20
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Zhao B, Rehati P, Yang Z, Cai Z, Guo C, Li Y. The potential toxicity of microplastics on human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168946. [PMID: 38043812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are plastic particles, films, and fibers with a diameter of < 5 mm. Given their long-standing existence in the environment and terrible increase in annual emissions, concerns were raised about the potential health risk of microplastics on human beings. In particular, the increased consumption of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased human contact with microplastics. To date, the emergence of microplastics in the human body, such as feces, blood, placenta, lower airway, and lungs, has been reported. Related toxicological investigations of microplastics were gradually increased. To comprehensively illuminate the interplay of microplastic exposure and human health, we systematically reviewed the updated toxicological data of microplastics and summarized their mode of action, adverse effects, and toxic mechanisms. The emerging critical issues in the current toxicological investigations were proposed and discussed. Our work would facilitate a better understanding of MPs-induced health hazards for toxicological evaluation and provide helpful information for regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosen Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Palizhati Rehati
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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21
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Wang Z, Liu S, Cheng Z, Xu G, Li F, Bu Q, Zhang L, Song Y, An X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress exacerbates microplastics-induced toxicity in animal cells. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113818. [PMID: 38129015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal exposure to microplastics (MPs) contained in food is inevitable because of their widespread existence in the environment. Nevertheless, MPs toxicity studies in ruminants often lack attention. Here, we assessed the cytotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) on goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). Compared to controls, PS MPs treatment significantly reduced cell viability, altered cell morphology and disrupted organelle integrity. Detection of membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggested that PS MPs induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Further transcriptome analysis also confirmed alterations in these pathways. In addition, several genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis were significantly regulated in the transcriptional profile. Subsequent experiments confirmed that PS MPs induce ER stress via the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway, accompanied by intracellular Ca2+ overload. Meanwhile, downstream activation of the Bax/Bcl-2 pathway and caspase cascade released apoptotic signals, which led to apoptosis in GMECs. Interestingly, the addition of PERK inhibitor (ISRIB) attenuated PS MPs-induced ER stress and apoptosis, which suggests that ER stress may exacerbate PS MPs-induced cytotoxicity. This work reveals the impact of MPs on mammalian cytotoxicity, enriches the mechanisms for the toxicity of MPs, and provides insight for further assessment of the risk of MPs in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zefang Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ganggang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiqi Bu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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22
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Baysal A, Soyocak A, Saygin H, Saridag AM. Exposure to phagolysosomal simulated fluid altered the cytotoxicity of PET micro(nano)plastics to human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:72-97. [PMID: 37697451 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2256847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of micro(nano)plastics into various environmental and biological settings influences their physicochemical and toxic behavior. Simulated body fluids are appropriate media for understanding the degradation, stability, and interaction with other substances of any material in the human body. When the particles enter the human body via inhalation, which is one of the avenues for micro(nano)plastics, they first come into contact with the lung lining fluid under neutral conditions and then are phagocytosed under acidic conditions to be removed. Therefore, it is important to examine the physicochemical transformation and toxicity characteristics after interaction with phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF). Here, we focused on exploring how the physicochemical differences (e.g. surface chemistry, elemental distribution, and surface charge) of micro(nano)plastics under pH 4.5 phagolysosome conditions impact cytotoxicity and the oxidative characteristics of lung epithelia cells. The cytotoxicity of lung epithelia cells to those treated with PSF and non-treated micro(nano)plastics was tested by various viability indicators including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), MTT, and LDH. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity background was examined through the oxidative processes (e.g. reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione). The results showed that all tested surface physicochemical characteristics were significantly influenced by the phagolysosome conditions. The staged responses were observed with the treatment duration, and significant changes were calculated in carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen, and sulfonyl groups. Moreover, the negativity of the zeta potentials declined between exposure of 2-40 h and then increased at 80 h compared to control owing to the chemical functional groups and elemental distribution of the plastic particles. The tested viability indicators showed that the micro(nano)plastics treated with PSF were cytotoxic to the lung epithelia cells compared to non-treated micro(nano)plastics, and SOD was the dominant enzyme triggering cytotoxicity due to the particle degradation and instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Baysal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey
| | - Ahu Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ayse Mine Saridag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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23
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Tsujino H, Ikuno Y, Haga Y, Asahara H, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y. [Preparation of Degraded Microplastics That Imitate Surface Properties in the Environment]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:171-175. [PMID: 38296494 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are small pieces of plastic that are less than 5 mm in length. These plastics have been detected in various environments, including the ocean, soil, and air. Their abundance have raised concerns regarding their potential effects on living organisms, including humans. The surface of microplastics degrades due to external factors such as ultraviolet rays and water waves in the environment. Therefore, assessing the biological impact of microplastics and considering their state of degradation is important. Among the physical properties of microplastics, we focused on the chemical degradation of microplastics. Specifically, we used vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light to accelerate the degradation of polyethylene (PE) and prepared PE samples representing the degradation of PE to varying degrees. The surface properties of PE samples prepared using VUV were similar to those obtained from the environment. Cytotoxicity tests were then used to evaluate the effects of undegraded and degraded PE on cells. We found that the severity of cytotoxicity increased with the extent to which the PE would have been degraded, suggesting that the degree of degradation is strongly linked to the severity of the observed deleterious effects on living organisms. In conclusion, this finding contributes to our understanding of the effects of polyethylene microplastics on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- The Museum of Osaka University
| | - Yudai Ikuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Yuya Haga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University
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24
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Vattanasit U, Kongpran J, Ikeda A. Airborne microplastics: A narrative review of potential effects on the human respiratory system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166745. [PMID: 37673257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been growing evidence showing the widespread of airborne microplastics (AMPs) in many regions of the world, raising concerns about their impact on human health. This review aimed to consolidate recent literature on AMPs regarding their physical and chemical characteristics, deposition in the human respiratory tract, translocation, occurrence from human studies, and toxic effects determined in vitro and in vivo. The physical characteristics influence interactions with cell membranes, cellular internalization, accumulation, and cytotoxicity resulting from cell membrane damage and oxidative stress. In addition, prolonged exposure to AMP-associated toxic chemicals might lead to significant health effects. Most toxicological assessments of AMPs in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that oxidative stress and inflammation are major mechanisms of action for their toxic effects. Elevated reactive oxygen species production could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and subsequent apoptosis in experimental models. To date, there has been some evidence suggesting exposure in humans. However, the data are still insufficient, and adverse human health effects need to be investigated. Future research on the existence, exposure, and health effects of AMPs is required for developing preventive and mitigation measures to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomratana Vattanasit
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
| | - Jira Kongpran
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600812, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600812, Japan
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25
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Djapovic M, Apostolovic D, Postic V, Lujic T, Jovanovic V, Stanic-Vucinic D, van Hage M, Maslak V, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Characterization of Nanoprecipitated PET Nanoplastics by 1H NMR and Impact of Residual Ionic Surfactant on Viability of Human Primary Mononuclear Cells and Hemolysis of Erythrocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4703. [PMID: 38139955 PMCID: PMC10747210 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufactured nanoplastic particles (NPs) are indispensable for in vitro and in vivo testing and a health risk assessment of this emerging environmental contaminant is needed. The high surface area and inherent hydrophobicity of plastic materials makes the production of NPs devoid of any contaminants very challenging. In this study, we produced nanoprecipitated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) NPs (300 nm hydrodynamic diameter) with an overall yield of 0.76%. The presence of the ionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was characterized by 1H NMR, where the relative ratio of NP/surfactant was monitored on the basis of the chemical shifts characteristic of PET and SDS. For a wide range of surfactant/NP ratios (17:100 to 1.2:100), the measured zeta potential changed from -42.10 to -34.93 mV, but with an NP concentration up to 100 μg/mL, no clear differences were observed in the cellular assays performed in protein-rich media on primary human cells. The remaining impurities contributed to the outcome of the biological assays applied in protein-free buffers, such as human red blood cell hemolysis. The presence of SDS increased the NP-induced hemolysis by 1.5% in protein-rich buffer and by 7.5% in protein-free buffer. As the size, shape, zeta potential, and contaminants of NPs may all be relevant parameters for the biological effects of NPs, the relative quantification of impurities exemplified in our work by the application of 1H NMR for PET NPs and the ionic surfactant SDS could be a valuable auxiliary method in the quality control of manufactured NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Djapovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Apostolovic
- Immunology and Allergy Division, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.A.); (M.v.H.)
| | - Vojislava Postic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lujic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Jovanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanic-Vucinic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Immunology and Allergy Division, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.A.); (M.v.H.)
| | - Veselin Maslak
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihajlova 35, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia
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26
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Panizzolo M, Martins VH, Ghelli F, Squillacioti G, Bellisario V, Garzaro G, Bosio D, Colombi N, Bono R, Bergamaschi E. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity to assess exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. A literature review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115645. [PMID: 37922781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased awareness about possible health effects arising from micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) pollution is driving a huge amount of studies. Many international efforts are in place to better understand and characterize the hazard of MNPs present in the environment. The literature search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology in two different databases (PubMed and Embase). The selection of articles was carried out blind, screening titles and abstracts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In general, these studies rely on the methodology already in use for assessing hazard from nanomaterials and particles of concern. However, only a limited number of studies have so far directly measured human exposure to MNPs and examined the relationship between such exposure and its impact on human health. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity that have been explored in relation to MNPs exposure, using human, cellular, animal, and plant models. Both in-vitro and in-vivo models suggest an increased level of oxidative stress and inflammation as the main mechanism of action (MOA) leading to adverse effects such as chronic inflammation, immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. With the identification of such biological endpoints, representing critical key initiating events (KIEs) towards adaptive or adverse outcomes, it is possible to identify a panel of surrogate biomarkers to be applied and validated especially in occupational settings, where higher levels of exposure may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Panizzolo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Vitor Hugo Martins
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Bosio
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, A.O.U Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Federated Library of Medicine "F. Rossi", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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27
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He T, Qu Y, Yang X, Liu L, Xiong F, Wang D, Liu M, Sun R. Research progress on the cellular toxicity caused by microplastics and nanoplastics. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:1576-1593. [PMID: 36806101 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles of a diameter of less than 5 mm and a major carrier of pollution. In accordance with its diameter range, MPs can be divided into microplastics (100-5 mm) and nanoplastics (<100 nm). In recent years, in addition to the impact of MPs on the environment, the ways in which MPs affect the body has also attracted continuous attention. However, relevant studies on the cytotoxicity of MPs are not comprehensive. Based on the current research, this paper summarizes four main cytotoxic mechanisms of MPs, inducing oxidative stress, damaging cell membrane organelles, inducing immune response, and genotoxicity. Generally, MPs cause cytotoxicity such as oxidative stress, damage to cell membranes and organelles, activation of immune responses, and genotoxicity through mechanical damage or induction of cells to produce reactive oxygen species. Understanding these toxic mechanisms is helpful for the evaluation and prevention of human toxicity of MPs. This paper also analyzes the limitations of current research and prospects for future research into cellular MPs, with the aim of providing a scientific basis and reference for further research into the toxic mechanism of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Huang J, Sun X, Wang Y, Su J, Li G, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhang G, Li J, Du J, Nanjundappa RH, Umeshappa CS, Shao K. Biological interactions of polystyrene nanoplastics: Their cytotoxic and immunotoxic effects on the hepatic and enteric systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115447. [PMID: 37690176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants in the environment, nanoplastics (NPs) can cross biological barriers and be enriched in organisms, posing a greatest threat to the health of livestock and humans. However, the size-dependent toxic effects of NPs in higher mammals remain largely unknown. To determine the size-dependent potential toxicities of NPs, we exposed mouse (AML-12) and human (L02) liver cell lines in vitro, and 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice (well-known preclinical model) in vivo to five different sizes of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) (20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 nm). We found that ultra-small NPs (20 nm) induced the highest cytotoxicity in mouse and human liver cell lines, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane potential loss on AML-12 cells. Unexpectedly in vivo, after long-term oral exposure to PS-NPs (75 mg/kg), medium NPs (200 nm) and large NPs (500 nm) induced significant hepatotoxicity, evidenced by increased oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, and lipid metabolism disorders. Most importantly, medium or large NPs generated local immunotoxic effects via recruiting and activating more numbers of neutrophils and monocytes in the liver or intestine, which potentially resulted in increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion and the tissue damage. The discrepancy in in vitro-in vivo toxic results might be attributed to the different properties of biodistribution and tissue accumulation of different sized NPs in vivo. Our study provides new insights regarding the hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity of NPs on human and livestock health, warranting us to take immense measures to prevent these NPs-associated health damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianlong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guanyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Du
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, 50# Heishijiao Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China
| | | | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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29
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Shahzadi C, Di Serafino A, Aruffo E, Mascitelli A, Di Carlo P. A549 as an In Vitro Model to Evaluate the Impact of Microplastics in the Air. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1243. [PMID: 37759642 PMCID: PMC10525880 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microplastics raise significant concerns due to their potential health impacts. Having a small size, larger surface area, and penetrative ability into the biological system, makes them hazardous to health. This review article compiles various studies investigating the mechanism of action of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics affecting lung epithelial cells A549. These inhalable microplastics damage the respiratory system, by triggering a proinflammatory environment, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, morphological changes, and cytotoxic accumulation in A549 cells. PS-NP lung toxicity depends on various factors such as size, surface modifications, concentration, charge, and zeta potential. However, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity mechanisms depend on the cell type. For A549 cells, PS-NPs are responsible for energy imbalance by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity, immunomodulation, and apoptosis. Additionally, PS-NPs have the ability to traverse the placental barrier, posing a risk to offspring. Despite the advancements, the precise mechanisms underlying how prolonged exposure to PS-NPs leads to the development and progression of lung diseases have unclear points, necessitating further investigations to unravel the root cause. This review also sheds light on data gaps, inconsistencies in PS-Nos research, and provides recommendations for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chman Shahzadi
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.S.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.); (P.D.C.)
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Serafino
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.S.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Eleonora Aruffo
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.S.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.); (P.D.C.)
- Department of Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mascitelli
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.S.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.); (P.D.C.)
- Department of Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Di Carlo
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.S.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.); (P.D.C.)
- Department of Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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30
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Dube E, Okuthe GE. Plastics and Micro/Nano-Plastics (MNPs) in the Environment: Occurrence, Impact, and Toxicity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6667. [PMID: 37681807 PMCID: PMC10488176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastics, due to their varied properties, find use in different sectors such as agriculture, packaging, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and construction, to mention a few. Excessive use of plastics results in a lot of plastic waste buildup. Poorly managed plastic waste (as shown by heaps of plastic waste on dumpsites, in free spaces, along roads, and in marine systems) and the plastic in landfills, are just a fraction of the plastic waste in the environment. A complete picture should include the micro and nano-plastics (MNPs) in the hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere, as the current extreme weather conditions (which are effects of climate change), wear and tear, and other factors promote MNP formation. MNPs pose a threat to the environment more than their pristine counterparts. This review highlights the entry and occurrence of primary and secondary MNPs in the soil, water and air, together with their aging. Furthermore, the uptake and internalization, by plants, animals, and humans are discussed, together with their toxicity effects. Finally, the future perspective and conclusion are given. The material utilized in this work was acquired from published articles and the internet using keywords such as plastic waste, degradation, microplastic, aging, internalization, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Dube
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
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31
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Saygin H, Soyocak A, Baysal A, Saridag AM. Characterizing the interaction between micro(nano)plastics and simulated body fluids and their impact on human lung epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 58:855-868. [PMID: 37550869 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2243190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics are considered an emerging threat to human health because they can interact with biological systems. In fact, these materials have already been found in the human body, such as in the lungs. However, limited data are available on the behavior of these materials under biological conditions and their impact on human cells, specifically on alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, micro(nano)plastics were exposed to various simulated biological fluids (artificial lysosomal fluids and Gamble's solution) for 2-80 h. Pristine and treated plastic particles were characterized based on their surface chemistry, zeta potentials, and elemental composition. Various toxicological endpoints (mitochondrial membrane potential, lactate dehydrogenase, protein, and antioxidant levels) were examined using A549 lung carcinoma cells. The surface characteristics of the treated micro(nano)plastics and the toxicological endpoints of A549 cells were found to be influenced by the simulated biological media, specifically with high concentrations of the treated micro(nano)plastics and increasing exposure under biological conditions. Moreover, the toxicological endpoints were strongly linked to the chemistry of plastics and included multiple processes in response to the plastics; different biological pathways were obtained in artificial lysosomal fluid and Gamble's solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saygin
- Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Baysal
- Deptment of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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32
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Babonaitė M, Čepulis M, Kazlauskaitė J, Lazutka JR. Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:627. [PMID: 37505592 PMCID: PMC10384665 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
According to the trade association PlasticEurope, global plastics production increased to 390.7 million tons in 2021. Unfortunately, the majority of produced plastics eventually end up as waste in the ocean or on land. Since synthetic plastics are not fully biodegradable, they tend to persist in natural environments and transform into micro- and nanoplastic particles due to fragmentation. The presence of nanoplastics in air, water, and food causes ecotoxicological issues and leads to human exposure. One of the main concerns is their genotoxic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the internalization rates, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The uptake of PS-NPs was confirmed with flow cytometry light scattering analysis. None of the tested nanoparticle concentrations had a cytotoxic effect on human PBMCs, as evaluated by a dual ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining technique. However, an alkaline comet assay results revealed a significant increase in the levels of primary DNA damage after 24 h of exposure to PS-NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all tested PS-NPs concentrations induced a significant amount of micronucleated cells, as well. The results of this study revealed the genotoxic potential of commercially manufactured polystyrene nanoparticles and highlighted the need for more studies with naturally occurring plastic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Babonaitė
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Matas Čepulis
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Kazlauskaitė
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekis Av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Møller P, Roursgaard M. Exposure to nanoplastic particles and DNA damage in mammalian cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108468. [PMID: 37666295 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
There is concern about human exposure to nanoplastics from intentional use or degradation of plastics in the environment. This review assesses genotoxic effects of nanoplastics, defined as particles with a primary size of less than 1000 nm. The majority of results on genotoxicity come from studies on polystyrene (PS) particles in mammalian cell cultures. Most studies have measured DNA strand breaks (standard comet assay), oxidatively damaged DNA (Fpg-modified comet assay) and micronuclei. Twenty-nine out of 60 results have shown statistically significant genotoxic effects by PS exposure in cell cultures. A statistical analysis indicates that especially modified PS particles are genotoxic (odds ratio = 8.6, 95 % CI: 1.6, 46) and immune cells seems to be more sensitive to genotoxicity than other cell types such as epithelial cells (odds ratio = 8.0, 95 % CI: 1.6, 39). On the contrary, there is not a clear association between statistically significant effects in genotoxicity tests and the primary size of PS particles, (i.e. smaller versus larger than 100 nm) or between the type of genotoxic endpoint (i.e. repairable versus permanent DNA lesions). Three studies of PS particle exposure in animals have shown increased level of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes and prefrontal cortex cells. Nanoplastics from polyethylene, propylene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate have been investigated in very few studies and it is currently not possible to draw conclusion about their genotoxic hazard. In summary, there is some evidence suggesting that PS particles may be genotoxic in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Ding R, Ma Y, Li T, Sun M, Sun Z, Duan J. The detrimental effects of micro-and nano-plastics on digestive system: An overview of oxidative stress-related adverse outcome pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163144. [PMID: 37003332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the massive manufacture and use of plastics, plastic pollution-related environmental impacts have raised great concern in recent years. As byproducts of plastic fragmentation and degradation, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have been identified as novel pollutants that posed a threat to the ecosystem and humans. Since MPs/NPs could be transported via the food chain and retained in the water, the digestive system should be one of the major targets of MPs/NPs-related toxicity. Although considerable evidence has supported the digestive toxicity of MPs/NPs, the proposed mechanisms remained ambiguous due to the variety of study types, models, and endpoints. This review provided a mechanism-based perspective on MPs/NPs-induced digestive effects by adopting the adverse outcome pathway framework as a promising tool. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species was identified as the molecular initiating event in MPs/NPs-mediated injury to the digestive system. A series of detrimental effects including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, dysbiosis, and metabolic disorders were summarized as key events. Finally, the occurrence of these effects eventually led to an adverse outcome, suggesting a possible increase in the incidence of digestive morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Annangi B, Villacorta A, Vela L, Tavakolpournegari A, Marcos R, Hernández A. Effects of true-to-life PET nanoplastics using primary human nasal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104140. [PMID: 37137422 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since inhalation is a relevant exposure route, studies using appropriate micro/nanoplastic (MNPLs) models, representative targeted cells, and relevant biomarkers of effect are required. We have used lab-made polyethylene terephthalate (PET)NPLs obtained from PET plastic water bottles. Human primary nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were used as a model of the first barrier of the respiratory system. Cell internalization and intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) induction, as well as the effects on mitochondria functionality and in the modulation of the autophagy pathway, were evaluated. The data indicated significant cellular uptake and increased levels of iROS. Furthermore, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in the exposed cells. Regarding the effects on the autophagy pathway, PETNPLs exposure significantly increases LC3-II protein expression levels. PETNPLs exposure also induced significant increases in the expression of p62. This is the first study showing that true-to-life PETNPLs can alter the autophagy pathway in HNEpCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanyam Annangi
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aliro Villacorta
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Lourdes Vela
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Tang Y, Hardy TJ, Yoon JY. Receptor-based detection of microplastics and nanoplastics: Current and future. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115361. [PMID: 37148803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an emerging environmental concern, gaining significant attention worldwide. They are classified into microplastics (MP; defined from 1 μm to 5 mm) and smaller nanoplastics (NP; <1 μm). NPs may pose higher ecological risks than MPs. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques have been used to detect MPs, and the same methods have occasionally been used for NPs. However, they are not based on receptors, which provide high specificity in most biosensing applications. Receptor-based micro/nanoplastics (MNP) detection can provide high specificity, distinguishing MNPs from the environmental samples and, more importantly, identifying the plastic types. It can also offer a low limit of detection (LOD) required for environmental screening. Such receptors are expected to detect NPs specifically at the molecular level. This review categorizes the receptors into cells, proteins, peptides, fluorescent dyes, polymers, and micro/nanostructures. Detection techniques used with these receptors are also summarized and categorized. There is plenty of room for future research to test for broader classes of environmental samples and many plastic types, to lower the LOD, and to apply the current techniques for NPs. Portable and handheld MNP detection should also be demonstrated for field use since the current demonstrations primarily utilized laboratory instruments. Detection on microfluidic platforms will also be crucial in miniaturizing and automating the assay and, eventually, collecting an extensive database to support machine learning-based classification of MNP types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Trinity J Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
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37
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Busch M, Brouwer H, Aalderink G, Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Schins RPF, Bouwmeester H. Investigating nanoplastics toxicity using advanced stem cell-based intestinal and lung in vitro models. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1112212. [PMID: 36777263 PMCID: PMC9911716 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic particles in the nanometer range-called nanoplastics-are environmental contaminants with growing public health concern. As plastic particles are present in water, soil, air and food, human exposure via intestine and lung is unavoidable, but possible health effects are still to be elucidated. To better understand the Mode of Action of plastic particles, it is key to use experimental models that best reflect human physiology. Novel assessment methods like advanced cell models and several alternative approaches are currently used and developed in the scientific community. So far, the use of cancer cell line-based models is the standard approach regarding in vitro nanotoxicology. However, among the many advantages of the use of cancer cell lines, there are also disadvantages that might favor other approaches. In this review, we compare cell line-based models with stem cell-based in vitro models of the human intestine and lung. In the context of nanoplastics research, we highlight the advantages that come with the use of stem cells. Further, the specific challenges of testing nanoplastics in vitro are discussed. Although the use of stem cell-based models can be demanding, we conclude that, depending on the research question, stem cells in combination with advanced exposure strategies might be a more suitable approach than cancer cell lines when it comes to toxicological investigation of nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Busch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Brouwer
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Germaine Aalderink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Roel P. F. Schins
- IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Hans Bouwmeester,
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Prado Y, Aravena C, Aravena D, Eltit F, Gatica S, Riedel CA, Simon F. Small Plastics, Big Inflammatory Problems. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:101-127. [PMID: 37093424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is the first defense against potentially dangerous chemicals, infections, and damaged cells. Interactions between immune cells and inflammatory mediators increase the coordinated activation of cross-talking signaling pathways, resulting in an acute response necessary to restore homeostasis but potentially detrimental if uncontrolled and prolonged. Plastic production exceeds million tons per year, becoming a global concern due to the stability of its constituent polymers, low density, which allows them to spread easily, and small size, which prevents proper removal by wastewater treatment plants, promoting environmental accumulation and increasing health threats. The interaction between plastic particles and the immune system is still being investigated, owing to growing evidence of increased risk not only for dietary intake due to its presence in food packaging, drinking water, and even fruits and vegetables, but also to emerging evidence of new intake pathways such as respiratory and cutaneous. We discuss in depth the impact of small plastic particles on the immune response across the body, with a focus on the nervous system and peripheral organs and tissues such as the gastrointestinal, respiratory, lymphatic, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems, as well as the involvement in increased susceptibility to worsening concomitant diseases and future perspectives in the exploration of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prado
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Aravena
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Aravena
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Eltit
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.
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Liu YY, Liu J, Wu H, Zhang Q, Tang XR, Li D, Li CS, Liu Y, Cao A, Wang H. Endocytosis, Distribution, and Exocytosis of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010084. [PMID: 36615994 PMCID: PMC9824409 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics, one component of plastic pollution, can enter human bodies via inhalation and thus threaten human health. However, the knowledge about the uptake and exocytosis of nanoplastics in cells of human lung organs is still very limited. Herein, we investigated the endocytosis, distribution, and exocytosis of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) of 50 nm (G50PS) and 100 nm (R100PS) in A549 cells and BEAS-2B cells. We found that both the cellular uptake of PS NPs increased positively with exposure time and dose, and A549 cells ingested more PS NPs than BEAS-2B cells did. In addition, the intracellular content of G50PS was higher than that of R100PS except at a higher dose and longer time. The ingested PS NPs were distributed mainly in lysosomes, while many G50PS appeared around the cell membrane, and R100PS also accumulated in mitochondria in BEAS-2B cells. As for the exocytosis, R100PS was more difficult to excrete than G50PS. Lysosomes in A549 cells and actin and microtubule in BEAS-2B cells were involved in the exocytosis of the PS NPs. These findings provide detailed information about the translocation of nanoplastics in lung cells, which is valuable for the safety assessment of nanoplastics in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue-Rui Tang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen-Si Li
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Saadati F, da Silva Brito WA, Emmert S, Bekeschus S. Optimized High-Content Imaging Screening Quantifying Micronuclei Formation in Polymer-Treated HaCaT Keratinocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4463. [PMID: 36558315 PMCID: PMC9788386 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research on nano- and micro-plastic particles (NMPPs) suggests their potential threat to human health. Some studies have even suggested genotoxic effects of NMPP exposure, such as micronuclei (MN) formation, while others found the opposite. To clarify the ability of NMPP to induce MN formation, we used non-malignant HaCaT keratinocytes and exposed these to a variety of polystyrene (PS) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) particle types at different concentrations and three different sizes. Investigations were performed following acute (one day) and chronic exposure (five weeks) against cytotoxic (amino-modified NMPPs) and genotoxic (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS) positive controls. An optimized high-content imaging workflow was established strictly according to OECD guidelines for analysis. Algorithm-based object segmentation and MN identification led to computer-driven, unsupervised quantitative image analysis results on MN frequencies among the different conditions and thousands of cells per condition. This could only be realized using accutase, allowing for partial cell detachment for optimal identification of bi-nucleated cells. Cytotoxic amino-modified particles were not genotoxic; MMS was both. During acute and long-term studies, PS and PMMA particles were neither toxic nor increased MN formation, except for 1000 nm PS particles at the highest concentration of unphysiological 100 µg/mL. Interestingly, ROS formation was significantly decreased in this condition. Hence, most non-charged polymer particles were neither toxic nor genotoxic, while aminated particles were toxic but not genotoxic. Altogether, we present an optimized quantitative imaging workflow applied to a timely research question in environmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Saadati
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Walison Augusto da Silva Brito
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina 86057970, Brazil
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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