1
|
Liu X, Cheng X, Xie F, Li K, Shi Y, Shao B, Liang X, Wan F, Jia S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li H. Persistence of peripheral CD8 + CD28- T cells indicates a favourable outcome and tumour immunity in first-line HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1599-1608. [PMID: 38519706 PMCID: PMC11091143 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contradictory role of CD8 + CD28- T cells in tumour immunity has been reported, while their biological and clinical significance in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is still unknown. METHODS HER2-positive MBC patients with no prior therapy in the metastatic setting were retrospectively recruited at two medical centres. Peripheral CD8 + CD28- T cells (pTCD8+CD28-) were detected at baseline and following therapeutic intervals. Progression-free survival (PFS) was compared according to pTCD8+CD28- levels. The molecular features of pTCD8+CD28- and its correlation with tumour immunity were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 252 patients were enrolled, and the median follow-up time was 29.6 months. pTCD8+CD28- high at baseline has prolonged PFS compared to pTCD8+CD28- low (P = 0.001). Patients who maintained pTCD8+CD28- high had a longer PFS than those who kept pTCD8+CD28- low (P < 0.001). The enhanced pTCD8+CD28- level also indicates a longer PFS compared to pTCD8+CD28- low (P = 0.025). Here, pTCD8+CD28- was demonstrated as an antigen-experienced effector T cell. Higher IL-2 level (P = 0.034) and lower TGF-β level (P = 0.016) in the serum and highly infiltrated CD8 + CD28- T cells (P = 0.037) were also connected to pTCD8+CD28- high. CONCLUSIONS High pTCD8+CD28- level is associated with a favourable tumour immunity and a better PFS of HER2-targeting therapy in MBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangming Cheng
- Jin Xiang People's Hospital, Department of Hematologic Oncology, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Huidu (Shanghai) Medical Sciences, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yongcan Shi
- Jin Xiang People's Hospital, Department of Hematologic Oncology, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Wan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Jia
- Huidu (Shanghai) Medical Sciences, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Huidu (Shanghai) Medical Sciences, Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng road No. 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McComb S, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Hay KA, Keller BA, Faulkes S, Rutherford M, Nguyen T, Shepherd A, Wu C, Marcil A, Aubry A, Hussack G, Pinto DM, Ryan S, Raphael S, van Faassen H, Zafer A, Zhu Q, Maclean S, Chattopadhyay A, Gurnani K, Gilbert R, Gadoury C, Iqbal U, Fatehi D, Jezierski A, Huang J, Pon RA, Sigrist M, Holt RA, Nelson BH, Atkins H, Kekre N, Yung E, Webb J, Nielsen JS, Weeratna RD. Discovery and preclinical development of a therapeutically active nanobody-based chimeric antigen receptor targeting human CD22. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200775. [PMID: 38596311 PMCID: PMC10914482 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies targeting B cell-restricted antigens CD19, CD20, or CD22 can produce potent clinical responses for some B cell malignancies, but relapse remains common. Camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or nanobodies) are smaller, simpler, and easier to recombine than single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) used in most CARs, but fewer sdAb-CARs have been reported. Thus, we sought to identify a therapeutically active sdAb-CAR targeting human CD22. Immunization of an adult Llama glama with CD22 protein, sdAb-cDNA library construction, and phage panning yielded >20 sdAbs with diverse epitope and binding properties. Expressing CD22-sdAb-CAR in Jurkat cells drove varying CD22-specific reactivity not correlated with antibody affinity. Changing CD28- to CD8-transmembrane design increased CAR persistence and expression in vitro. CD22-sdAb-CAR candidates showed similar CD22-dependent CAR-T expansion in vitro, although only membrane-proximal epitope targeting CD22-sdAb-CARs activated direct cytolytic killing and extended survival in a lymphoma xenograft model. Based on enhanced survival in blinded xenograft studies, a lead CD22sdCAR-T was selected, achieving comparable complete responses to a benchmark short linker m971-scFv CAR-T in high-dose experiments. Finally, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirm tissue and cellular-level specificity of the lead CD22-sdAb. This presents a complete report on preclinical development of a novel CD22sdCAR therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott McComb
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A. Hay
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian A. Keller
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sharlene Faulkes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Rutherford
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematopathology and Transfusion Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Shepherd
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cunle Wu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marcil
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annie Aubry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Devanand M. Pinto
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Ryan
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shalini Raphael
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Zafer
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qin Zhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Maclean
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anindita Chattopadhyay
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Komal Gurnani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Gadoury
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy Fatehi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A. Pon
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mhairi Sigrist
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harold Atkins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Webb
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Julie S. Nielsen
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Risini D. Weeratna
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liang W, Li K, Gao H, Li K, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Jiao X, Yang J, Wei X. Full T-cell activation and function in teleosts require collaboration of first and co-stimulatory signals. Zool Res 2024; 45:13-24. [PMID: 38114429 PMCID: PMC10839663 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian T-cell responses require synergism between the first signal and co-stimulatory signal. However, whether and how dual signaling regulates the T-cell response in early vertebrates remains unknown. In the present study, we discovered that the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) encodes key components of the LAT signalosome, namely, LAT, ITK, GRB2, VAV1, SLP-76, GADS, and PLC-γ1. These components are evolutionarily conserved, and CD3ε mAb-induced T-cell activation markedly increased their expression. Additionally, at least ITK, GRB2, and VAV1 were found to interact with LAT for signalosome formation. Downstream of the first signal, the NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K-AKT pathways were activated upon CD3ε mAb stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of lymphocytes with CD28 mAbs triggered the AKT-mTORC1 pathway downstream of the co-stimulatory signal. Combined CD3ε and CD28 mAb stimulation enhanced ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation and elevated NFAT1, c-Fos, IL-2, CD122, and CD44 expression, thereby signifying T-cell activation. Moreover, rather than relying on the first or co-stimulatory signal alone, both signals were required for T-cell proliferation. Full T-cell activation was accompanied by marked apoptosis and cytotoxic responses. These findings suggest that tilapia relies on dual signaling to maintain an optimal T-cell response, providing a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of the adaptive immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haiyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCarthy D, Lofgren M, Watt A, Horton H, Kieffer-Kwon P, Ding J, Kobold S, Baeuerle PA, Hofmeister R, Gutierrez DA, Tighe R. Functional enhancement of mesothelin-targeted TRuC-T cells by a PD1-CD28 chimeric switch receptor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4195-4207. [PMID: 37848682 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells expressing a mesothelin (MSLN)-specific T cell receptor fusion construct (TRuC®), called TC-210, have demonstrated robust antitumor activity in preclinical models of mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. However, they are susceptible to suppression by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis and lack intrinsic costimulatory signaling elements. To enhance the function of anti-MSLN TRuC-T cells, chimeric switch receptors (CSRs) have been designed to co-opt the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 axis and to deliver a CD28-mediated costimulatory signal. Here, we report that coexpression of the PD1-CD28 CSR in TRuC-T cells enhanced T cell receptor signaling, increased proinflammatory effector cytokines, decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines, and sustained effector function in the presence of PD-L1 when compared with TC-210. Anti-MSLN TRuC-T cells engineered to coexpress PD1-CD28 CSRs comprising the ectodomain of PD-1 and the intracellular domain of CD28 linked by the transmembrane domain of PD-1 were selected for integration into an anti-MSLN TRuC-T cell therapy product called TC-510. In vitro, TC-510 showed significant improvements in persistence and resistance to exhaustion upon chronic stimulation by tumor cells expressing MSLN and PD-L1 when compared with TC-210. In vivo, TC-510 showed a superior ability to provide durable protection following tumor rechallenge, versus TC-210. These data demonstrate that integration of a PD1-CD28 CSR into TRuC-T cells improves effector function, resistance to exhaustion, and prolongs persistence. Based on these findings, TC-510 is currently being evaluated in patients with MSLN-expressing solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick McCarthy
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Amy Watt
- Adaptimmune, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly Horton
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Jian Ding
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS‑M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Baeuerle
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Hofmeister
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Dario A Gutierrez
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Robert Tighe
- TCR2 Therapeutics, Inc., 100 Binney Street, Suite 710, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sayadmanesh A, Azadbakht M, Yari K, Abedelahi A, Shafaei H, Shanehbandi D, Baradaran B, Basiri M. Characterization of CAR T Cells Manufactured Using Genetically Engineered Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:674-687. [PMID: 37865876 PMCID: PMC10591261 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2001712.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has recently emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of different types of cancer. Improving CAR T cell manufacturing in terms of costs and product quality is an important concern for expanding the accessibility of this therapy. One proposed strategy for improving T cell expansion is to use genetically engineered artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) expressing a membrane-bound anti-CD3 for T cell activation. The aim of this study was to characterize CAR T cells generated using this aAPC-mediated approach in terms of expansion efficiency, immunophenotype, and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we generated an aAPC line by engineering K562 cells to express a membrane-bound anti-CD3 (mOKT3). T cell activation was performed by co-culturing PBMCs with either mitomycin C-treated aAPCs or surface-immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Untransduced and CD19-CARtransduced T cells were characterized in terms of expansion, activation markers, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion, CD4/CD8 ratio, memory phenotype, and exhaustion markers. Cytotoxicity of CD19-CAR T cells generated by aAPCs and antibodies were also investigated using a bioluminescence-based co-culture assay. RESULTS Our findings showed that the engineered aAPC line has the potential to expand CAR T cells similar to that using the antibody-based method. Although activation with aAPCs leads to a higher ratio of CD8+ and effector memory T cells in the final product, we did not observe a significant difference in IFN-γ secretion, cytotoxic activity or exhaustion between CAR T cells generated with aAPC or antibodies. CONCLUSION Our results show that despite the differences in the immunophenotypes of aAPC and antibody-based CAR T cells, both methods can be used to manufacture potent CAR T cells. These findings are instrumental for the improvement of the CAR T cell manufacturing process and future applications of aAPC-mediated expansion of CAR T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sayadmanesh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Azadbakht
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Yari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Banerjee A, Narasimhulu CA, Singla DK. Immune interactions in pembrolizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) cancer therapy and cardiovascular complications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H751-H767. [PMID: 37594487 PMCID: PMC10659324 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00378.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunotherapies like pembrolizumab (PEM) is increasingly common for the management of numerous cancer types. The use of PEM to bolster T-cell response against tumor growth is well documented. However, the interactions PEM has on other immune cells to facilitate tumor regression and clearance is unknown and warrants further investigation. In this review, we present literature findings that have reported the interactions of PEM in stimulating innate and adaptive immune cells, which enhance cytotoxic phenotypes. This triggers secretion of cytokines and chemokines, which have both beneficial and detrimental effects. We also describe how this leads to the development of rare but underreported occurrence of PEM-induced immune-related cardiovascular complications that arise suddenly and progress rapidly to debilitating and fatal consequences. This review encourages further research and investigation of PEM-induced cardiovascular complications and other immune cell interactions in patients with cancer. As PEM therapy in treating cancer types is expanding, we expect that this review will inform health care professionals of diverse specializations of medicine like dermatology (melanoma skin cancers), ophthalmology (eye cancers), and pathology (hematological malignancies) about PEM-induced cardiac complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abha Banerjee
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gautam S, Kumar R, Kumar U, Kumar S, Luthra K, Dada R. Yoga maintains Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and reduces the rate of T cell aging in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14924. [PMID: 37696876 PMCID: PMC10495372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by a Th17/Treg cell imbalance. A pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu that promotes the continued proliferation of Th17 cells is related to the development of autoinflammation. In RA, T cells have several hallmarks of cellular aging, and they accumulate DNA damage, predisposing to the occurrence of mutations and epigenetic alterations. Since the onset, progression, and treatment response are influenced by a variety of external stressors and environmental factors, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of 8-week yoga practice on disease severity, T cell subsets, markers of T cell ageing and inflammation, epigenetic alterations and gene expression patterns in active RA patients on standard disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A total of 64 participants with active RA were randomized into 2 groups, yoga group (n = 32) or non-yoga group (n = 32); that were assessed for disease severity, at baseline and after 8 week duration, for Disease Activity Score (DAS28-ESR), T cell subsets [Th17 (CD3+ CD4+ IL17+ RORγt+) cells and Treg (CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Foxp3+) cells], markers of T cell aging [aged Th17 cells (CD3+ CD4+ IL17+ RORγt+ CD28-) and aged Treg cells (CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ CD127-Foxp3+ CD28-)], pro-inflammatory markers [IL-6, and IL-17], anti-inflammatory markers [TGF-β, and IL-10], epigenetic alterations [5-methyl cytosine, 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, and HDAC1] and gene expression patterns [RORγt, FoxP3, IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β, CXCL2, CXCR2, and JUN]. In yoga group, there was a significant improvement in DAS28-ESR scores at the end of 8-weeks of yoga program. The Th17 cells and aged T cell subsets showed a significant decline whereas Treg cell population showed a significant elevation in yoga group. There were significant improvements observed in epigenetic markers as well as inflammatory markers post 8-weeks of yoga practice. The yoga group showed downregulation of RORγt, IL-17, IL-6, CXCL2, CXCR2, and upregulation of FoxP3 and TGF-β transcripts. Yoga enables the maintenance of immune-homeostasis as evident by increased Treg cell population and reduced Th17 cell population. Yoga reduces the rate of immunological aging in T cells, as seen by the reduction in population of aged Th17 cells and aged Treg cells. Yoga positively modifies transcriptome and epigenome by normalization of various inflammatory markers, gene expression patterns and epigenetic alterations. Taken together, yoga reduces RA severity, and aids in immune-modulation and hence can be beneficial as an adjunct therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gautam
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory Musculoskeletal Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Romsha Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular Reproduction and Genetics Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Li J, Zheng Y, Lee SJ, Zhou J, Giobbie-Hurder A, Butterfield LH, Dranoff G, Hodi FS. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Influence on Soluble and Membrane-Bound ICOS in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1100-1113. [PMID: 37262321 PMCID: PMC10398357 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the successful development of immune checkpoint blockade, there remains the continued need to improve efficacy and decrease toxicities. The addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to ipilimumab has previously demonstrated both an improvement in efficacy and decrease in the incidence of high-grade adverse events. ICOS+CD4+ or ICOS+CD8+ peripheral blood T cells are significantly greater in the patients treated with ipilimumab plus GM-CSF than in the patients treated with ipilimumab alone. To better understand the effects of GM-CSF on inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) and clinical outcomes, the relative roles of identified soluble ICOS and membrane-bound ICOS were evaluated. The ICOS splice variant was secreted and found to have immunologic suppressive effects. Changes in soluble ICOS splice variant levels in treated patients correlated with clinical outcomes. GM-CSF enhanced membrane-bound ICOS in an IL12-dependent manner but did not increase soluble ICOS levels. Whereas soluble ICOS plays a role in immune suppression, GM-CSF efficacy involves increasing membrane-bound ICOS and induction of dendritic cell development. Thus, soluble ICOS splice variants may be used as a biomarker for GM-CSF and immune checkpoint blockade-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Melanoma Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Melanoma Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandra J. Lee
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Melanoma Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Melanoma Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Melanoma Division, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giannoukakis N. Tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetes: no longer a concept. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212641. [PMID: 37388741 PMCID: PMC10303908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDC) arrest the progression of autoimmune-driven dysglycemia into clinical, insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes (T1D) and preserve a critical mass of β cells able to restore some degree of normoglycemia in new-onset clinical disease. The safety of tDC, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, has been demonstrated in phase I clinical studies. Accumulating evidence shows that tDC act via multiple layers of immune regulation arresting the action of pancreatic β cell-targeting effector lymphocytes. tDC share a number of phenotypes and mechanisms of action, independent of the method by which they are generated ex vivo. In the context of safety, this yields confidence that the time has come to test the best characterized tDC in phase II clinical trials in T1D, especially given that tDC are already being tested for other autoimmune conditions. The time is also now to refine purity markers and to "universalize" the methods by which tDC are generated. This review summarizes the current state of tDC therapy for T1D, presents points of intersection of the mechanisms of action that the different embodiments use to induce tolerance, and offers insights into outstanding matters to address as phase II studies are imminent. Finally, we present a proposal for co-administration and serially-alternating administration of tDC and T-regulatory cells (Tregs) as a synergistic and complementary approach to prevent and treat T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paterson CW, Gutierrez MB, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. Impact of chronic alcohol exposure on conventional and regulatory murine T cell subsets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142614. [PMID: 37006296 PMCID: PMC10063870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic alcohol use poses significant negative consequences to public health and, among its many biologic effects, is associated with significant T cell dysregulation within the adaptive immune system that has yet to be fully characterized. Novel, automated strategies for high dimensional flow cytometric analysis of the immune system are rapidly improving researchers' ability to detect and characterize rare cell types. Methods Using a murine model of chronic alcohol ingestion in conjunction with viSNE and CITRUS analysis tools, we performed a machine-driven, exploratory analysis comparing rare splenic subpopulations within the conventional CD4+, regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments between alcohol- and water-fed animals. Results While there were no differences in the absolute numbers of bulk CD3+ T cells, bulk CD4+ T cells, bulk CD8+ T cells, Foxp3- CD4+ conventional T cells (Tconv) or Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg), we identified populations of naïve Helios+ CD4+Tconv and naïve CD103+ CD8+ splenic T cells that were decreased in chronically alcohol exposed mice versus water-fed controls. In addition, we identified increased CD69+ Treg and decreased CD103+ effector regulatory T cell (eTreg) subsets in conjunction with increased frequency of a population that may represent a transitional phenotype between central regulatory T cell (cTreg) and eTreg. Discussion These data provide further resolution into the character of decreased naïve T cell populations known to be present in alcohol exposed mice, as well as describe alterations in effector regulatory T cell phenotypes associated with the pathogenesis of chronic alcohol-induced immune dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W. Paterson
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Medical Corps, United States Navy, Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC), Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Melissa B. Gutierrez
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Xiang X, Nie L, Guo X, Zhang F, Wen C, Xia Y, Mao L. The emerging role of Th1 cells in atherosclerosis and its implications for therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079668. [PMID: 36685487 PMCID: PMC9849744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the large and medium-sized artery walls. The molecular mechanisms regulating the onset and progression of atherosclerosis remain unclear. T cells, one of the most common immune cell types in atherosclerotic plaques, are increasingly recognized as a key mediator in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Th1 cells are a subset of CD4+ T helper cells of the adaptive immune system, characterized by the expression of the transcription factor T-bet and secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ. Converging evidence shows that Th1 cells play a key role in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Besides, Th1 is the central mediator to orchestrate the adaptive immune system. In this review, we aim to summarize the complex role of Th1 cells in atherosclerosis and propose novel preventative and therapeutic approaches targeting Th1 cell-associated specific cytokines and receptors to prevent atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Nie
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pereira JA, Lanzar Z, Clark JT, Hart AP, Douglas BB, Shallberg L, O’Dea K, Christian DA, Hunter CA. PD-1 and CTLA-4 exert additive control of effector regulatory T cells at homeostasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:997376. [PMID: 36960049 PMCID: PMC10028286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.997376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
At homeostasis, a substantial proportion of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) have an activated phenotype associated with enhanced TCR signals and these effector Treg cells (eTregs) co-express elevated levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4. Short term in vivo blockade of the PD-1 or CTLA-4 pathways results in increased eTreg populations, while combination blockade of both pathways had an additive effect. Mechanistically, combination blockade resulted in a reduction of suppressive phospho-SHP2 Y580 in eTreg cells which was associated with increased proliferation, enhanced production of IL-10, and reduced dendritic cell and macrophage expression of CD80 and MHC-II. Thus, at homeostasis, PD-1 and CTLA-4 function additively to regulate eTreg function and the ability to target these pathways in Treg cells may be useful to modulate inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Pereira
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary Lanzar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph T. Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew P. Hart
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bonnie B. Douglas
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lindsey Shallberg
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keenan O’Dea
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David A. Christian
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher A. Hunter,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abdeladhim M, Karnell JL, Rieder SA. In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033705. [PMID: 36591244 PMCID: PMC9799097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the master regulators of immunity and they have been implicated in different disease states such as infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Since their discovery, many studies have focused on understanding Treg development, differentiation, and function. While there are many players in the generation and function of truly suppressive Tregs, the role of checkpoint pathways in these processes have been studied extensively. In this paper, we systematically review the role of different checkpoint pathways in Treg homeostasis and function. We describe how co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways modulate Treg homeostasis and function and highlight data from mouse and human studies. Multiple checkpoint pathways are being targeted in cancer and autoimmunity; therefore, we share insights from the clinic and discuss the effect of experimental and approved therapeutics on Treg biology.
Collapse
|
14
|
Current and Future Perspectives for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Development in Poland. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112912. [PMID: 36428480 PMCID: PMC9687915 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are genetically modified autologous T cells that have revolutionized the treatment of relapsing and refractory haematological malignancies. In this review we present molecular pathways involved in the activation of CAR-T cells, describe in details the structures of receptors and the biological activity of CAR-T cells currently approved for clinical practice in the European Union, and explain the functional differences between them. Finally, we present the potential for the development of CAR-T cells in Poland, as well as indicate the possible directions of future research in this area, including novel modifications and applications of CAR-T cells and CAR-natural killer (NK) cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu W, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Characterization of Co-Stimulatory Ligand CD80/86 and Its Effect as a Molecular Adjuvant on DNA Vaccine Against Vibrio anguillarum in Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Immunol 2022; 13:881753. [PMID: 35619706 PMCID: PMC9127221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD80/86 molecule is one of the important co-stimulatory ligands and involves antigen-specific immune responses by ligating with CD28 and then delivering the required second signal to T-cell activation. In this study, a CD80/86 homolog was identified, and its expression characteristics were studied in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The open reading frame (ORF) of CD80/86 is 906 bp, encoding 301 aa, and the extracellular amino acid sequence encoded two IgV- and IgC-like structural domains; fCD80/86 is highly expressed in head kidney, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and spleen, and has relatively high expression in muscle. Antibodies specific for CD80/86 were produced, and CD80/86 was colocalized with MHCII+, CD40+, and CD83+ leukocytes but not with IgM+, CD3+, or CD4+ lymphocytes. The cloned CD80/86 in flounder shares conserved structural features with its mammalian counterparts and is mainly distributed on antigen-presenting cells. Based on these data, CD80/86 as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response of DNA vaccine was investigated. A bicistronic DNA vaccine expressing both CD80/86 and the outer membrane protein (OmpK) of Vibrio anguillarum (p-OmpK-CD80/86) was successfully constructed. After immunization, p-OmpK-CD80/86 could induce the upregulation of the proportion of IgM+ and CD4+ cells in flounder, compared to the p-OmpK- or p-CD80/86-immunized group; CD28 genes were significantly induced in the p-CD80/86 and p-OmpK-CD80/86 groups. Compared to the p-OmpK group, the higher expression of CD83, MHCI, CD4, CD8, and IL-2 was detected at the injection site. The relative percent survival (RPS) produced by p-OmpK-CD80/86 is 66.11% following the V. anguillarum challenge, while the RPS of p-OmpK or p-CD80/86 is 46.30% and 5.56%, respectively. The results revealed that CD80/86 is mainly found in antigen-presenting cells, and could help elicit humoral immune responses in teleost through the CD80/86-CD28 signaling pathway involving CD4+ lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Capturing Genetic Diversity and Selection Signatures of the Endangered Kosovar Balusha Sheep Breed. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050866. [PMID: 35627251 PMCID: PMC9140571 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the loss of animal genetic resources. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and potential peculiarity of the endangered Kosovar sheep breed Balusha. For this purpose, a dataset consisting of medium-density SNP chip genotypes (39,879 SNPs) from 45 Balusha sheep was generated and compared with SNP chip genotypes from 29 individuals of a second Kosovar breed, Bardhoka. Publicly available SNP genotypes from 39 individuals of the relatively closely located sheep breeds Istrian Pramenka and Ruda were additionally included in the analyses. Analysis of heterozygosity, allelic richness and effective population size was used to assess the genetic diversity. Inbreeding was evaluated using two different methods (FIS, FROH). The standardized FST (di) and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XPEHH) methods were used to detect signatures of selection. We observed the lowest heterozygosity (HO = 0.351) and effective population size (Ne5 = 25, Ne50 = 228) for the Balusha breed. The mean allelic richness levels (1.780–1.876) across all analyzed breeds were similar and also comparable with those in worldwide breeds. FROH estimates (0.023–0.077) were highest for the Balusha population, although evidence of decreased inbreeding was observed in FIS results for the Balusha breed. Two Gene Ontology (GO) TERMs were strongly enriched for Balusha, and involved genes belonging to the melanogenesis and T cell receptor signaling pathways, respectively. This could result from selection for the special coat color pattern of Balusha (black head) and resistance to certain infectious diseases. The analyzed diversity parameters highlight the urgency to preserve the local Kosovar Balusha sheep as it is clearly distinguished from other sheep of Southeastern Europe, has the lowest diversity level and may harbor valuable genetic variants, e.g., for resistance to infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Petkau G, Mitchell TJ, Chakraborty K, Bell SE, D Angeli V, Matheson L, Turner DJ, Saveliev A, Gizlenci O, Salerno F, Katsikis PD, Turner M. The timing of differentiation and potency of CD8 effector function is set by RNA binding proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2274. [PMID: 35477960 PMCID: PMC9046422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation into effector cells is initiated early after antigen encounter by signals from the T cell antigen receptor and costimulatory molecules. The molecular mechanisms that establish the timing and rate of differentiation however are not defined. Here we show that the RNA binding proteins (RBP) ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 limit the rate of differentiation of activated naïve CD8+ T cells and the potency of the resulting cytotoxic lymphocytes. The RBP function in an early and short temporal window to enforce dependency on costimulation via CD28 for full T cell activation and effector differentiation by directly binding mRNA of NF-κB, Irf8 and Notch1 transcription factors and cytokines, including Il2. Their absence in T cells, or the adoptive transfer of small numbers of CD8+ T cells lacking the RBP, promotes resilience to influenza A virus infection without immunopathology. These findings highlight ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as nodes for the integration of the early T cell activation signals controlling the speed and quality of the CD8+ T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petkau
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Twm J Mitchell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Vanessa D Angeli
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Louise Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - David J Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alexander Saveliev
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ozge Gizlenci
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Fiamma Salerno
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Villanueva-Hernández S, Adib Razavi M, van Dongen KA, Stadler M, de Luca K, Beyersdorf N, Saalmüller A, Gerner W, Mair KH. Co-Expression of the B-Cell Key Transcription Factors Blimp-1 and IRF4 Identifies Plasma Cells in the Pig. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854257. [PMID: 35464468 PMCID: PMC9024106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting plasma cells (PCs) have remained largely uncharacterized for years in the field of porcine immunology. For an in-depth study of porcine PCs, we identified cross-reactive antibodies against three key transcription factors: PR domain zinc finger protein-1 (Blimp-1), interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), and paired box 5 (Pax5). A distinct Blimp-1+IRF4+ cell population was found in cells isolated from blood, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and lung of healthy pigs. These cells showed a downregulation of Pax5 compared to other B cells. Within Blimp-1+IRF4+ B cells, IgM-, IgG-, and IgA-expressing cells were identified and immunoglobulin-class distribution was clearly different between the anatomical locations, with IgA+ PCs dominating in lung tissue and IgM+ PCs dominating in the spleen. Expression patterns of Ki-67, MHC-II, CD9, and CD28 were investigated in the different organs. A high expression of Ki-67 was observed in blood, suggesting a plasmablast stage. Blimp-1+IRF4+ cells showed an overall lower expression of MHC-II compared to regular B cells, confirming a progressive loss in B-cell differentiation toward the PC stage. CD28 showed slightly elevated expression levels in Blimp-1+IRF4+ cells in most organs, a phenotype that is also described for PCs in mice and humans. This was not seen for CD9. We further developed a FACS-sorting strategy for live porcine PCs for functional assays. CD3-CD16-CD172a– sorted cells with a CD49dhighFSC-Ahigh phenotype contained Blimp-1+IRF4+ cells and were capable of spontaneous IgG production, thus confirming PC identity. These results reveal fundamental phenotypes of porcine PCs and will facilitate the study of this specific B-cell subset in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Villanueva-Hernández
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mahsa Adib Razavi
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katinka A. van Dongen
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karelle de Luca
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Lyon, France
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Christian Doppler (CD) Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Kerstin H. Mair,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naimi A, Mohammed RN, Raji A, Chupradit S, Yumashev AV, Suksatan W, Shalaby MN, Thangavelu L, Kamrava S, Shomali N, Sohrabi AD, Adili A, Noroozi-Aghideh A, Razeghian E. Tumor immunotherapies by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the pros and cons. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:44. [PMID: 35392976 PMCID: PMC8991803 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of mechanisms. After that, scientists focused on the immune checkpoint molecules mainly. Thereby, much effort was spent to progress novel strategies for suppressing these inhibitory axes, resulting in the evolution of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Then, ICIs have become a promising approach and shaped a paradigm shift in tumor immunotherapies. CTLA-4 plays an influential role in attenuation of the induction of naïve and memory T cells by engagement with its responding ligands like B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86). Besides, PD-1 is predominantly implicated in adjusting T cell function in peripheral tissues through its interaction with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Given their suppressive effects on anti-tumor immunity, it has firmly been documented that ICIs based therapies can be practical and rational therapeutic approaches to treat cancer patients. Nonetheless, tumor inherent or acquired resistance to ICI and some treatment-related toxicities restrict their application in the clinic. The current review will deliver a comprehensive overview of the ICI application to treat human tumors alone or in combination with other modalities to support more desired outcomes and lower toxicities in cancer patients. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Naimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Rebar N. Mohammed
- Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Suleimanyah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Raji
- College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Department of Pathology, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Associate Professor of Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Siavash Kamrava
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin D. Sohrabi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Noroozi-Aghideh
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
HLA-G and Other Immune Checkpoint Molecules as Targets for Novel Combined Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062925. [PMID: 35328349 PMCID: PMC8948858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is an HLA-class Ib molecule that is involved in the establishment of tolerance at the maternal/fetal interface during pregnancy. The expression of HLA-G is highly restricted in adults, but the de novo expression of this molecule may be observed in different hematological and solid tumors and is related to cancer progression. Indeed, tumor cells expressing high levels of HLA-G are able to suppress anti-tumor responses, thus escaping from the control of the immune system. HLA-G has been proposed as an immune checkpoint (IC) molecule due to its crucial role in tumor progression, immune escape, and metastatic spread. We here review data available in the literature in which the interaction between HLA-G and other IC molecules is reported, in particular PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3, but also IDO and TIGIT. Clinical trials using monoclonal antibodies against HLA-G and other IC are currently ongoing with cancer patients where antibodies and inhibitors of PD-1 and CTLA-4 showed encouraging results. With this background, we may envisage that combined therapies using antibodies targeting HLA-G and another IC may be successful for clinical purposes. Indeed, such immunotherapeutic protocols may achieve a better rescue of effective anti-tumor immune response, thus improving the clinical outcome of patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vafaei S, Zekiy AO, Khanamir RA, Zaman BA, Ghayourvahdat A, Azimizonuzi H, Zamani M. Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); a new frontier. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 34980128 PMCID: PMC8725311 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects. Though, tumor inherent or acquired resistance to ICIs accompanied with treatment-related toxicities hamper their clinical utility. Overall, about 60-70% of patients (e.g., melanoma and lung cancer) who received ICIs show no objective response to intervention. The resistance to ICIs mainly caused by alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which in turn, supports angiogenesis and also blocks immune cell antitumor activities, facilitating tumor cells' evasion from host immunosurveillance. Thereby, it has been supposed and also validated that combination therapy with ICIs and other therapeutic means, ranging from chemoradiotherapy to targeted therapies as well as cancer vaccines, can capably compromise tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blocked therapy. Herein, we have focused on the therapeutic benefits of ICIs as a groundbreaking approach in the context of tumor immunotherapy and also deliver an overview concerning the therapeutic influences of the addition of ICIs to other modalities to circumvent tumor resistance to ICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Angelina O. Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ramadhan Ado Khanamir
- Internal Medicine and Surgery Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Burhan Abdullah Zaman
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li S, Wang X, Wang T, Zhang H, Lu X, Liu L, Li L, Bo C, Kong X, Xu S, Ning S, Wang J, Wang L. Identification of the regulatory role of lncRNA HCG18 in myasthenia gravis by integrated bioinformatics and experimental analyses. J Transl Med 2021; 19:468. [PMID: 34794447 PMCID: PMC8600732 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), functioning as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about the regulatory roles of lncRNAs underlying the mechanism of myasthenia gravis (MG). The aim of the present study was to explore the roles of lncRNAs as ceRNAs associated with the progression of MG. Methods MG risk genes and miRNAs were obtained from public databases. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and module analysis were performed. A lncRNA-mediated module-associated ceRNA (LMMAC) network, which integrated risk genes in modules, risk miRNAs and predicted lncRNAs, was constructed to systematically explore the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in MG. Through performing random walk with restart on the network, HCG18/miR-145-5p/CD28 ceRNA axis was found to play important roles in MG, potentially. The expression of HCG18 in MG patients was detected using RT-PCR. The effects of HCG18 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The interactions among HCG18, miR-145-5p and CD28 were explored by luciferase assay, RT-PCR and western blot assay. Results Based on PPI network, we identified 9 modules. Functional enrichment analyses revealed these modules were enriched in immune-related signaling pathways. We then constructed LMMAC network, containing 25 genes, 50 miRNAs, and 64 lncRNAs. Through bioinformatics algorithm, we found lncRNA HCG18 as a ceRNA, might play important roles in MG. Further experiments indicated that HCG18 was overexpressed in MG patients and was a target of miR-145-5p. Functional assays illustrated that HCG18 suppressed Jurkat cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation. Mechanistically, knockdown of HCG18 inhibited the CD28 mRNA and protein expression levels in Jurkat cells, while miR-145-5p inhibitor blocked the reduction of CD28 expression induced by HCG18 suppression. Conclusion We have reported a novel HCG18/miR-145-5p/CD28 ceRNA axis in MG. Our findings will contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of and provide a novel potential therapeutic target for MG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03138-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunrui Bo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangwei Ning
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ceprian N, Valera G, Caro J, Yuste C, Serroukh N, González de Pablos I, Oliva C, Figuer A, Praga M, Alique M, Ramirez R, Morales E, Carracedo J. Effect of Kidney Transplantation on Accelerated Immunosenescence and Vascular Changes Induced by Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:705159. [PMID: 34646838 PMCID: PMC8502880 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.705159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite the improvement in cardiovascular burden (leading cause of mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease), cardiovascular adverse outcomes related to the inflammatory process remain a problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterize the immune profile and microvesicles of patients who underwent transplantation. We investigated the lymphocyte phenotype (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56) and monocyte phenotype (CD14, CD16, CD86, and CD54) in peripheral blood, and endothelium-derived microvesicles (annexin V+CD31+CD41–) in plasma of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (n = 40), patients with transplantation (n = 40), and healthy subjects (n = 18) recruited from the University Hospital “12 de Octubre” (Madrid, Spain). Patients with kidney transplantation had B-cell lymphopenia, an impairment in co-stimulatory (CD86) and adhesion (CD54) molecules in monocytes, and a reduction in endothelium-derived microvesicles in plasma. The correlations between those parameters explained the modifications in the expression of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules in monocytes caused by changes in lymphocyte populations, as well as the increase in the levels of endothelial-derived microvesicles in plasma caused by changes in lymphocyte and monocytes populations. Immunosuppressive treatment could directly or indirectly induce those changes. Nevertheless, the particular characteristics of these cells may partly explain the persistence of cardiovascular and renal alterations in patients who underwent transplantation, along with the decrease in arteriosclerotic events compared with advanced chronic kidney disease. In conclusion, the expression of adhesion molecules by monocytes and endothelial-derived microvesicles is related to lymphocyte alterations in patients with kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Ceprian
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigacin Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Valera
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas (Unidad Fisiología), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jara Caro
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Yuste
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Serroukh
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigacin Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Oliva
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Figuer
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas (Unidad Fisiología), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Praga
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Alique
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas (Unidad Fisiología), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramirez
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas (Unidad Fisiología), Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Morales
- Departamento de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigacin Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a dense layer of structurally diverse glycans that together comprise the glycocalyx, a key interface between intracellular biochemistry and the external environment. Many of the glycans within the glycocalyx terminate in anionic monosaccharides belonging to the sialic acid family. Advances in our understanding of the biological processes mediated by sialic acids at the interfaces between cells have catalyzed interest in metabolic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies to edit the total complement of cellular sialic acids-the sialome. Here, we review strategies for altering the composition of the sialome with particular focus on glycan structures and state-of-the-art tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Landon J. Edgar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fukaya-Shiba A, Otsuka K, Sasaki H, Shikano M, Wakao R. Identification of Novel Modalities Through Bibliometric Analysis for Timely Development of Regulatory Guidance: A Case Study of T Cell Immunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:756870. [PMID: 34708061 PMCID: PMC8544749 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.756870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mission of medicines regulatory agencies is to ensure the timely access of innovative products for patients to improve public health. Thus, regulators should foresee evolving technologies and build expertise prior to reviewing innovative products. Novel modalities and new classes of therapeutics in biological or cell-based products represent a regulatory challenge because of knowledge gaps, as exemplified by the unexpected cytokine release syndrome in the first-in-human clinical trial of the CD28 super-agonist. Meanwhile, recent treatments harnessing T cell co-signaling pathways provide an opportunity for investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate novel modalities for T cell immunity to assess the need for regulatory guidance. Methods: A PubMed search was carried out using the query, "immun* AND t lymph*" to select publications. Subsequently, a citation network was created, followed by clustering and text mining to identify the modalities and classes of therapeutics under development. Results and Discussion: Analysis of the top 20 clusters revealed research domains characterized by keywords such as immune checkpoint antibody, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, microbiota, exosome, regulatory T cells, unconventional T cells, and vaccines. After reviewing the pharmacological concepts, clinical trial information, and available guidance, we presented a perspective on the future development of guidance for these domains. Conclusion: Bibliometric analyses identified a set of innovative modalities targeted for drug development with which regulatory guidance is going to catch up. This strategy could help in the successful development of upcoming modalities to ensure readiness for clinical application as part of horizon scanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Fukaya-Shiba
- Center for Regulatory Science, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Otsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shikano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Wakao
- Center for Regulatory Science, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
AlSaieedi A, Salhi A, Tifratene F, Raies AB, Hungler A, Uludag M, Van Neste C, Bajic VB, Gojobori T, Essack M. DES-Tcell is a knowledgebase for exploring immunology-related literature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14344. [PMID: 34253812 PMCID: PMC8275784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cells are a subtype of white blood cells circulating throughout the body, searching for infected and abnormal cells. They have multifaceted functions that include scanning for and directly killing cells infected with intracellular pathogens, eradicating abnormal cells, orchestrating immune response by activating and helping other immune cells, memorizing encountered pathogens, and providing long-lasting protection upon recurrent infections. However, T-cells are also involved in immune responses that result in organ transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases, and some allergic diseases. To support T-cell research, we developed the DES-Tcell knowledgebase (KB). This KB incorporates text- and data-mined information that can expedite retrieval and exploration of T-cell relevant information from the large volume of published T-cell-related research. This KB enables exploration of data through concepts from 15 topic-specific dictionaries, including immunology-related genes, mutations, pathogens, and pathways. We developed three case studies using DES-Tcell, one of which validates effective retrieval of known associations by DES-Tcell. The second and third case studies focuses on concepts that are common to Grave’s disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Several reports have shown that up to 20% of GD patients treated with antithyroid medication develop HT, thus suggesting a possible conversion or shift from GD to HT disease. DES-Tcell found miR-4442 links to both GD and HT, and that miR-4442 possibly targets the autoimmune disease risk factor CD6, which provides potential new knowledge derived through the use of DES-Tcell. According to our understanding, DES-Tcell is the first KB dedicated to exploring T-cell-relevant information via literature-mining, data-mining, and topic-specific dictionaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahdab AlSaieedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences (FAMS), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589-80324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Salhi
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faroug Tifratene
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Bin Raies
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnaud Hungler
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kuijpers TJM, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen DGJ. From multi-omics integration towards novel genomic interaction networks to identify key cancer cell line characteristics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10542. [PMID: 34006939 PMCID: PMC8131752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease where cancer cells express epigenetic and transcriptomic mechanisms to promote tumor initiation, progression, and survival. To extract relevant features from the 2019 Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), a multi-layer nonnegative matrix factorization approach is used. We used relevant feature genes and DNA promoter regions to construct genomic interaction network to study gene-gene and gene-DNA promoter methylation relationships. Here, we identified a set of gene transcripts and methylated DNA promoter regions for different clusters, including one homogeneous lymphoid neoplasms cluster. In this cluster, we found different methylated transcription factors that affect transcriptional activation of EGFR and downstream interactions. Furthermore, the hippo-signaling pathway might not function properly because of DNA hypermethylation and low gene expression of both LATS2 and YAP1. Finally, we could identify a potential dysregulation of the CD28-CD86-CTLA4 axis. Characterizing the interaction of the epigenome and the transcriptome is vital for our understanding of cancer cell line behavior, not only for deepening insights into cancer-related processes but also for future disease treatment and drug development. Here we have identified potential candidates that characterize cancer cell lines, which give insight into the development and progression of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J M Kuijpers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - J C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092090. [PMID: 33925915 PMCID: PMC8123429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous Melanoma (CM), arising from pigment-producing melanocytes in the skin, is an aggressive cancer with high metastatic potential. While cutaneous melanoma represents only a fraction of all skin cancers (<5%), it accounts for most skin-cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibition has been the first therapeutic approach to significantly benefit patient survival after treatment. Nevertheless, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the intrinsic and acquired treatment resistance of melanoma remain crucial challenges. Combining local and systemic treatment offers the potential to augment therapeutic response and overcome resistance, although, complex drug combinations can harbor an increased risk of immune-related adverse events. The aim of this review is to give current insight into studies combining systemic and local therapeutic approaches to overcome drug resistance, prime melanoma cells for therapy, and improve overall treatment response in CM patients. Abstract To date, the skin remains the most common cancer site among Caucasians in the western world. The complex, layered structure of human skin harbors a heterogenous population of specialized cells. Each cell type residing in the skin potentially gives rise to a variety of cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer, sarcoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma is known to exacerbate and metastasize if not detected at an early stage, with mutant melanomas tending to acquire treatment resistance over time. The intricacy of melanoma thus necessitates diverse and patient-centered targeted treatment options. In addition to classical treatment through surgical intervention and radio- or chemotherapy, several systemic and intratumoral immunomodulators, pharmacological agents (e.g., targeted therapies), and oncolytic viruses are trialed or have been recently approved. Moreover, utilizing combinations of immune checkpoint blockade with targeted, oncolytic, or anti-angiogenic approaches for patients with advanced disease progression are promising approaches currently under pre-clinical and clinical investigation. In this review, we summarize the current ‘state-of-the-art’ as well as discuss emerging agents and regimens in cutaneous melanoma treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Claeys E, Pauwels E, Humblet-Baron S, Provinciael B, Schols D, Waer M, Sprangers B, Vermeire K. Small Molecule Cyclotriazadisulfonamide Abrogates the Upregulation of the Human Receptors CD4 and 4-1BB and Suppresses In Vitro Activation and Proliferation of T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650731. [PMID: 33968048 PMCID: PMC8097030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small molecule cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) down-modulates the human CD4 receptor, an important factor in T cell activation. Here, we addressed the immunosuppressive potential of CADA using different activation models. CADA inhibited lymphocyte proliferation with low cellular toxicity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and when human PBMCs were stimulated with CD3/CD28 beads, phytohemagglutinin or anti-CD3 antibodies. The immunosuppressive effect of CADA involved both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but was, surprisingly, most prominent in the CD8+ T cell subpopulation where it inhibited cell-mediated lympholysis. Immunosuppression by CADA was characterized by suppressed secretion of various cytokines, and reduced CD25, phosphoSTAT5 and CTPS-1 levels. We discovered a direct down-modulatory effect of CADA on 4-1BB (CD137) expression, a survival factor for activated CD8+ T cells. More specifically, CADA blocked 4‑1BB protein biosynthesis by inhibition of its co-translational translocation into the ER in a signal peptide-dependent way. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CADA, as potent down-modulator of human CD4 and 4‑1BB receptor, has promising immunomodulatory characteristics. This would open up new avenues toward chemotherapeutics that act as selective protein down-modulators to treat various human immunological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Claeys
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Pauwels
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Becky Provinciael
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Waer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Tracheal Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cocco C, Morandi F, Airoldi I. Immune Checkpoints in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Targetable Pathways for Advanced Therapeutic Purposes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040927. [PMID: 33920505 PMCID: PMC8074115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex network between tumor cells and a variety of components including immune, stromal and vascular endothelial cells as well as the extracellular matrix. A wide panel of signals and interactions here take place, resulting in a bi-directional modulation of cellular functions. Many stimuli, on one hand, induce tumor growth and the spread of metastatic cells and, on the other hand, contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment. The latter feature is achieved by soothing immune effector cells, mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B and NK cells, and/or through expansion of regulatory cell populations, including regulatory T and B cells, tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this context, immune checkpoints (IC) are key players in the control of T cell activation and anti-cancer activities, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell lysis and of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, these pathways represent promising targets for the development of effective and innovative therapies both in adults and children. Here, we address the role of different cell populations homing the TME and of well-known and recently characterized IC in the context of pediatric solid tumors. We also discuss preclinical and clinical data available using IC inhibitors alone, in combination with each other or administered with standard therapies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gayoso A, Steier Z, Lopez R, Regier J, Nazor KL, Streets A, Yosef N. Joint probabilistic modeling of single-cell multi-omic data with totalVI. Nat Methods 2021; 18:272-282. [PMID: 33589839 PMCID: PMC7954949 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-01050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The paired measurement of RNA and surface proteins in single cells with cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) is a promising approach to connect transcriptional variation with cell phenotypes and functions. However, combining these paired views into a unified representation of cell state is made challenging by the unique technical characteristics of each measurement. Here we present Total Variational Inference (totalVI; https://scvi-tools.org ), a framework for end-to-end joint analysis of CITE-seq data that probabilistically represents the data as a composite of biological and technical factors, including protein background and batch effects. To evaluate totalVI's performance, we profiled immune cells from murine spleen and lymph nodes with CITE-seq, measuring over 100 surface proteins. We demonstrate that totalVI provides a cohesive solution for common analysis tasks such as dimensionality reduction, the integration of datasets with different measured proteins, estimation of correlations between molecules and differential expression testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gayoso
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zoë Steier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Romain Lopez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Regier
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Aaron Streets
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nir Yosef
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsu YSO, Lu KL, Fu Y, Wang CW, Lu CW, Lin YF, Chang WC, Yeh KY, Hung SI, Chung WH, Chen CB. The Roles of Immunoregulatory Networks in Severe Drug Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:597761. [PMID: 33717075 PMCID: PMC7953830 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.597761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and co-signaling receptors have gained much attention, as they help balance immunogenic and immunotolerant responses that may be disrupted in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Drug hypersensitivity has a myriad of manifestations, which ranges from the mild maculopapular exanthema to the severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS/DIHS). While studies have identified high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes, the presence of the HLA allotype at risk is not sufficient to elicit drug hypersensitivity. Recent studies have suggested that insufficient regulation by Tregs may play a role in severe hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1, in cancer treatment also induce hypersensitivity reactions including SJS/TEN and DRESS/DIHS. Taken together, mechanisms involving both Tregs as well as coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors may be crucial in the pathogenesis of drug hypersensitivity. In this review, we summarize the currently implicated roles of co-signaling receptors and Tregs in delayed-type drug hypersensitivity in the hope of identifying potential pharmacologic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shiuan Olivia Hsu
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Lu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yun Fu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Wei Wang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Iu Hung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
CD28 Gene Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region Are Associated with Transfusion Reactions: A Functional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040871. [PMID: 33672525 PMCID: PMC7923781 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion reactions are mainly induced by the interaction of an antigen and antibody. However, transfusion reactions still occur with the implementing of crossmatching and usage of pre-storage leukoreduced blood products. The roles of CD28 and CTLA4 gene polymorphisms in transfusion reaction have been shown, and subjects with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD28 or CTLA4 gene had a significantly higher risk of transfusion reactions. In total, 40 patients with transfusion reactions after receiving pre-storage leukoreduced blood products were enrolled in this study. We focused on the SNPs located in the CD28 promoter region (rs1879877, rs3181096, rs3181097, and rs3181098) to find out the significant SNP. A luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the expression level of protein affected by promoter SNP variation. We found that the polymorphism of rs3181097 was associated with transfusion reactions (p = 0.003 in additive model and p = 0.015 in dominant model). Consequently, we investigated the biological function in the CD28 promoter polymorphisms (rs1879877 G > T, rs3181096 C > T, rs3181097 G > A, and rs3181098 G > A) by using dual-spectral luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that the ex-pression level of CD28 was decreased under the effect of rs3181097 with A-allele. This suggested that rs3181097 may regulate immune response through decreasing CD28 protein expression and then lead to development of transfusion reactions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Heinbokel T, Quante M, Iske J, Nian Y, Maenosono R, Minami K, Liu Y, Azuma H, Elkhal A, Tullius SG. CTLA4-Ig prolongs graft survival specifically in young but not old mice. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:488-502. [PMID: 32717114 PMCID: PMC7855762 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elderly organ transplant recipients have remained underrepresented in clinical trials, despite representing a rapidly growing population. Here, we assessed age-specific effects of CTLA4-Ig (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-Ig), a fusion protein blocking costimulatory signaling between antigen-presenting cells and T cells through CD28. Cardiac allografts in young mice (2-3 months) treated with CTLA4-Ig survived indefinitely, whereas 80% of old recipients (18 months) had lost their graft after 100 days. CTLA4-Ig was also significantly less effective in older recipients of skin transplants. CTLA4-Ig reduced CD4+ central memory and effector memory T cells and diminished systemic interferon-gamma levels only in young recipients. These differences corresponded to a reduced expression of CD28 on antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells in old mice. In support, adoptive transfer of old CD4+ T cells that were transfected with a lentiviral vector inducing constant expression of CD28 accelerated the rejection of allogeneic skin grafts in young RAG2-/- recipient mice. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), in contrast, demonstrated an increased expression of CD28 with aging and CTLA4-Ig treatment in old recipients resulted in reduced frequencies, compromised proliferation, and diminished suppressive capacity of Tregs. These findings may prove to have unique clinical consequences for immunosuppression in the growing population of elderly transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Heinbokel
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Nephrology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Quante
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jasper Iske
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yeqi Nian
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ryoichi Maenosono
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Minami
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory and Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nandi D, Pathak S, Verma T, Singh M, Chattopadhyay A, Thakur S, Raghavan A, Gokhroo A, Vijayamahantesh. T cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapy. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 32345776 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of the adaptive immune response are specificity and memory. The cellular response is mediated by T cells which express cell surface T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize peptide antigens in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, binding of cognate TCRs with MHC-peptide complexes alone (signal 1) does not trigger optimal T cell activation. In addition to signal 1, the binding of positive and negative costimulatory receptors to their ligands modulates T cell activation. This complex signaling network prevents aberrant activation of T cells. CD28 is the main positive costimulatory receptor on naı¨ve T cells; upon activation, CTLA4 is induced but reduces T cell activation. Further studies led to the identification of additional negative costimulatory receptors known as checkpoints, e.g. PD1. This review chronicles the basic studies in T cell costimulation that led to the discovery of checkpoint inhibitors, i.e. antibodies to negative costimulatory receptors (e.g. CTLA4 and PD1) which reduce tumor growth. This discovery has been recognized with the award of the 2018 Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine. This review highlights the structural and functional roles of costimulatory receptors, the mechanisms by which checkpoint inhibitors work, the challenges encountered and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fu C, Tian G, Duan J, Liu K, Zhang C, Yan W, Wang Y. Therapeutic Antitumor Efficacy of Cancer Stem Cell-Derived DRibble Vaccine on Colorectal Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3249-3260. [PMID: 34400894 PMCID: PMC8364449 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been a promising strategy for colon cancer therapy, but the efficacy of dendritic cell vaccines is in part limited by immunogenicity of loaded antigens. In this study, we aimed to identify a putative tumor antigen that can generate or enhance anti-tumor immune responses against colon cancer. CD44+ colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) were isolated from mouse colorectal carcinoma CT-26 cell cultures and induced to form defective ribosomal products-containing autophagosome-rich blebs (DRibbles) by treatment with rapamycin, bortezomib, and ammonium chloride. DRibbles were characterized by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. DCs generated from the mice bone marrow monocytes were cocultured with DRibbles, then surface markers of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the efficacy of DRibble-DCs was examined in vivo. Our results showed that CCSC-derived DRibbles upregulated CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, and MHC-II on DCs and induced proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells. In a model of colorectal carcinoma using BALB/c mice with robust tumor growth and mortality, DC vaccine pulsed with CCSC-derived DRibbles suppressed tumor growth and extended survival. A lactate dehydrogenase test indicated a strong cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T-cells derived from mice vaccinated with CCSC-derived DRibbles against CT-26 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses showed that the percentages of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells were increased in SD-DC group compare with the other groups. These findings provide a rationale for novel immunotherapeutic anti-tumor approaches based on DRibbles derived from colon cancer stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Fu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Geer Tian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jinyue Duan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Weiqun Yan
- Medical Institute of Regeneration Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Q, Sun Q, Chen Q, Li H, Liu D. Expression of CD27 and CD28 on γδ T cells from the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:224. [PMID: 33193838 PMCID: PMC7646692 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28 have pivotal and non-redundant roles in the activation and differentiation of γδ T-cells. However, the roles of CD27 and CD28 on γδ T-cells in allergic rhinitis (AR) have remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of CD27 and CD28 on γδ T cells in patients with AR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 patients with AR and 12 healthy subjects were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the percentage of γδ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-17A, CD27 and CD28 on γδ T cells. The correlations between the expression of CD27 and CD28, and the percentages of IFN-γ+ and IL-17A+ γδ T-cell subsets and Tregs in AR were analyzed. It was observed that the percentages of γδ T cells, and the IL-17A+, CD27-CD28+ and CD27-CD28- γδ T-cell subsets were significantly increased, while the percentages of Tregs and IFN-γ+ and CD27+CD28+ γδ T-cell subsets were significantly decreased in AR. Of note, the percentage of CD27+CD28+ γδ T-cell subsets was positively correlated with that of the IFN-γ+ γδ T-cell subset and the percentage of the CD27-CD28+ γδ T-cell subset was positively correlated with that of the IL-17A+ γδ T-cell subset. Furthermore, the percentages of γδ T cells and the CD27-CD28+ γδ T-cell subset were both negatively correlated with that of Tregs. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that CD27 and CD28 may be the key signals for activation of different γδ T-cell subsets and may contribute to the immune regulatory function of γδ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiyan People's Hospital of Baoan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, P.R. China
| | - Qun Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiyan People's Hospital of Baoan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, P.R. China
| | - Qiguo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiyan People's Hospital of Baoan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiyan People's Hospital of Baoan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, P.R. China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiyan People's Hospital of Baoan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yong KSM, Her Z, Tan SY, Tan WWS, Liu M, Lai F, Heng SM, Fan Y, Chang KTE, Wang CI, Chan JKY, Chen J, Chen Q. Humanized Mouse as a Tool to Predict Immunotoxicity of Human Biologics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:553362. [PMID: 33193321 PMCID: PMC7604536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.553362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in science enable researchers to constantly innovate and create novel biologics. However, the use of non-human animal models during the development of biologics impedes identification of precise in vivo interactions between the human immune system and treatments. Due to lack of this understanding, adverse effects are frequently observed in healthy volunteers and patients exposed to potential biologics during clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated and compared the effects of known immunotoxic biologics, Proleukin®/IL-2 and OKT3 in humanized mice (reconstituted with human fetal cells) to published clinical outcomes. We demonstrated that humanized mice were able to recapitulate in vivo pathological changes and human-specific immune responses, such as elevated cytokine levels and modulated lymphocytes and myeloid subsets. Given the high similarities of immunological side effects observed between humanized mice and clinical studies, this model could be used to assess immunotoxicity of biologics at a pre-clinical stage, without placing research participants and/or patients at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Su Mei Yong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhisheng Her
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wei Sheng Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fritz Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Min Heng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases, Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shihab I, Khalil BA, Elemam NM, Hachim IY, Hachim MY, Hamoudi RA, Maghazachi AA. Understanding the Role of Innate Immune Cells and Identifying Genes in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082226. [PMID: 32784928 PMCID: PMC7464944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens and has a major role in clearing transformed cells, besides its essential role in activating the adaptive immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and granulocytes are part of the innate immune system that accumulate in the tumor microenvironment such as breast cancer. These cells induce inflammation in situ by secreting cytokines and chemokines that promote tumor growth and progression, in addition to orchestrating the activities of other immune cells. In breast cancer microenvironment, innate immune cells are skewed towards immunosuppression that may lead to tumor evasion. However, the mechanisms by which immune cells could interact with breast cancer cells are complex and not fully understood. Therefore, the importance of the mammary tumor microenvironment in the development, growth, and progression of cancer is widely recognized. With the advances of using bioinformatics and analyzing data from gene banks, several genes involved in NK cells of breast cancer individuals have been identified. In this review, we discuss the activities of certain genes involved in the cross-talk among NK cells and breast cancer. Consequently, altering tumor immune microenvironment can make breast tumors more responsive to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israa Shihab
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Bariaa A. Khalil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Mahmood Yaseen Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, UAE;
| | - Rifat A. Hamoudi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (I.S.); (B.A.K.); (N.M.E.); (I.Y.H.); (R.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting BARF1 in EBV-Associated Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071940. [PMID: 32708965 PMCID: PMC7409022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely linked to the development of a number of human cancers. EBV-associated malignancies are characterized by a restricted pattern of viral latent protein expression which is sufficient for the virus to both initiate and sustain cell growth and to protect virus-infected cells from immune attack. Expression of these EBV proteins in malignant cells provides an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Among the viral proteins expressed in the EBV-associated epithelial malignancies, the protein encoded by the BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) is of particular interest. BARF1 is a viral oncoprotein selectively expressed in latently infected epithelial cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-positive gastric cancer (EBV-GC). Here, we review the roles of BARF1 in oncogenesis and immunomodulation. We also discuss potential strategies for targeting the BARF1 protein as a novel therapy for EBV-driven epithelial cancers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
T-cell immunity undergoes a complex and continuous remodeling with aging. Understanding those dynamics is essential in refining immunosuppression. Aging is linked to phenotypic and metabolic changes in T-cell immunity, many resulting into impaired function and compromised effectiveness. Those changes may impact clinical immunosuppression with evidences suggesting age-specific efficacies of some (CNI and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors) but not necessarily all immunosuppressants. Metabolic changes of T cells with aging have only recently been appreciated and may provide novel ways of immunosuppression. Here, we provide an update on changes of T-cell immunity in aging.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
A bispecific antibody (bsAb) can simultaneously bind two different epitopes or antigens, allowing for multiple mechanistic functions with synergistic effects. BsAbs have attracted significant scientific attentions and efforts towards their development as drugs for cancers. There are 21 bsAbs currently undergoing clinical trials in China. Here, we review their platform technologies, expression and production, and biological activities and bioassay of these bsAbs, and summarize their structural formats and mechanisms of actions. T-cell redirection and checkpoint inhibition are two main mechanisms of the bsAbs that we discuss in detail. Furthermore, we provide our perspective on the future of bsAb development in China, including CD3-bsAbs for solid tumors and related cytokine release syndromes, expression and chemistry, manufacturing and controls, clinical development, and immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Biolake City C2-1, No. 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Jizu Yi
- Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Biolake City C2-1, No. 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Jizu Yi or Pengfei Zhou. or
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Wuhan YZY Biopharma Co., Ltd, Biolake City C2-1, No. 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Jizu Yi or Pengfei Zhou. or
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gladow N, Hollmann C, Ramos G, Frantz S, Kerkau T, Beyersdorf N, Hofmann U. Treatment of mice with a ligand binding blocking anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody improves healing after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227734. [PMID: 32298302 PMCID: PMC7161974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both conventional and regulatory CD4+ T-cells rely on costimulatory signals mediated by cell surface receptors including CD28 for full activation. We showed previously that stimulation of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells by superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) improves myocardial healing after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). However, the effect of ligand binding blocking anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies has not yet been tested in this context. We hypothesize that ligand blocking anti-CD28 mAb treatment might favorably impact on healing after MI by limiting the activation of conventional CD4+ T-cells. Therefore, we studied the therapeutic effect of the recently characterized mAb E18 which blocks ligand binding to CD28 in a mouse permanent coronary ligation model. E18 or an irrelevant control mAb was applied once on day two after myocardial infarction to wildtype mice. Echocardiography was performed on day 7 after MI. E18 treatment improved the survival and reduced the incidence of left ventricular ruptures after experimental myocardial infarction. Accordingly, although we found no difference in infarct size, there was significantly less left ventricular dilation after E18 treatment in surviving animals as determined by echocardiography at day 7 after MI. In sham operated control mice neither antibody had an impact on body weight, survival, and echocardiographic parameters. Mechanistically, compared to control immunoglobulin, E18 treatment reduced the number of CD4+ T-cells and monocytes/macrophages within the infarct and periinfarct zone on day 5. This was accompanied by an upregulation of arginase which is a marker for alternatively differentiated macrophages. The data indicate that CD28-dependent costimulation of CD4+ T-cells impairs myocardial healing and anti-CD28 antibody treatment constitutes a potentially clinically translatable approach to improve the outcome early after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gladow
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Hollmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carballido JM, Regairaz C, Rauld C, Raad L, Picard D, Kammüller M. The Emerging Jamboree of Transformative Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:472. [PMID: 32296421 PMCID: PMC7137386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders rely mainly on immunosuppression. These are predominantly symptomatic remedies that do not affect the root cause of the disease and are associated with multiple side effects. Immunotherapies are being developed during the last decades as more specific and safer alternatives to small molecules with broad immunosuppressive activity, but they still do not distinguish between disease-causing and protective cell targets and thus, they still have considerable risks of increasing susceptibility to infections and/or malignancy. Antigen-specific approaches inducing immune tolerance represent an emerging trend carrying the potential to be curative without inducing broad immunosuppression. These therapies are based on antigenic epitopes derived from the same proteins that are targeted by the autoreactive T and B cells, and which are administered to patients together with precise instructions to induce regulatory responses capable to restore homeostasis. They are not personalized medicines, and they do not need to be. They are precision therapies exquisitely targeting the disease-causing cells that drive pathology in defined patient populations. Immune tolerance approaches are truly transformative options for people suffering from autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Carballido
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Regairaz
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Rauld
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Layla Raad
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Picard
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rohrs JA, Siegler EL, Wang P, Finley SD. ERK Activation in CAR T Cells Is Amplified by CD28-Mediated Increase in CD3ζ Phosphorylation. iScience 2020; 23:101023. [PMID: 32325413 PMCID: PMC7178546 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered receptors that mediate T cell activation. CARs are comprised of activating and co-stimulatory intracellular signaling domains derived from endogenous T cells that initiate signaling required for T cell activation, including ERK activation through the MAPK pathway. Understanding the mechanisms by which co-stimulatory domains influence signaling can help guide the design of next-generation CARs. Therefore, we constructed an experimentally validated computational model of anti-CD19 CARs in T cells bearing the CD3ζ domain alone or in combination with CD28. We performed a systematic analysis to explore the different mechanisms of CD28 co-stimulation on the ERK response time. Comparing these model simulations with experimental data indicates that CD28 primarily influences ERK activation by enhancing the phosphorylation kinetics of CD3ζ. Overall, we present a mechanistic mathematical modeling framework that can be used to gain insights into the mechanism of CAR T cell activation and produce new testable hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Transcriptional analysis of scar-free wound healing during early stages of tail regeneration in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
47
|
Rieder SA, Wang J, White N, Qadri A, Menard C, Stephens G, Karnell JL, Rudd CE, Kolbeck R. B7-H7 (HHLA2) inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:1503-1511. [PMID: 32005952 PMCID: PMC8166953 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of T-cell responses has played a key role in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, understanding how different receptors on T cells impact functional outcomes is crucial. The influence of B7-H7 (HHLA2) and CD28H (TMIGD2) on T-cell activation remains controversial. Here we examined global transcriptomic changes in human T cells induced by B7-H7. Stimulation through TCR with OKT3 and B7-H7 resulted in modest fold changes in the expression of select genes; however, these fold changes were significantly lower than those induced by OKT3 and B7-1 stimulation. The transcriptional changes induced by OKT3 and B7-H7 were insufficient to provide functional stimulation as measured by evaluating T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Interestingly, B7-H7 was coinhibitory when simultaneously combined with TCR and CD28 stimulation. This inhibitory activity was comparable to that observed with PD-L1. Finally, in physiological assays using T cells and APCs, blockade of B7-H7 enhanced T-cell activation and proliferation, demonstrating that this ligand acts as a break signal. Our work defines that the transcriptomic changes induced by B7-H7 are insufficient to support full costimulation with TCR signaling and, instead, B7-H7 inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation in the presence of TCR and CD28 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadiye Amcaoglu Rieder
- Biopharmaceuticals, Early RIA, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. .,Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Jingya Wang
- Biopharmaceuticals, Early RIA, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Natalie White
- Biopharmaceuticals, Early RIA, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ariful Qadri
- Biopharmaceuticals, Early RIA, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Stephens
- Biopharmaceuticals, Early RIA, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Geneius Biotechnologies, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Jodi L Karnell
- Biopharmaceuticals, Early RIA, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jean-Quartier C, Jeanquartier F, Holzinger A. Open Data for Differential Network Analysis in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E547. [PMID: 31952211 PMCID: PMC7013918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of cancer diseases demands bioinformatic techniques and translational research based on big data and personalized medicine. Open data enables researchers to accelerate cancer studies, save resources and foster collaboration. Several tools and programming approaches are available for analyzing data, including annotation, clustering, comparison and extrapolation, merging, enrichment, functional association and statistics. We exploit openly available data via cancer gene expression analysis, we apply refinement as well as enrichment analysis via gene ontology and conclude with graph-based visualization of involved protein interaction networks as a basis for signaling. The different databases allowed for the construction of huge networks or specified ones consisting of high-confidence interactions only. Several genes associated to glioma were isolated via a network analysis from top hub nodes as well as from an outlier analysis. The latter approach highlights a mitogen-activated protein kinase next to a member of histondeacetylases and a protein phosphatase as genes uncommonly associated with glioma. Cluster analysis from top hub nodes lists several identified glioma-associated gene products to function within protein complexes, including epidermal growth factors as well as cell cycle proteins or RAS proto-oncogenes. By using selected exemplary tools and open-access resources for cancer research and differential network analysis, we highlight disturbed signaling components in brain cancer subtypes of glioma.
Collapse
|
49
|
Reyes-Caballero H, Park B, Loube J, Sanchez I, Vinayachandran V, Choi Y, Woo J, Edwards J, Brinkman MC, Sussan T, Mitzner W, Biswal S. Immune modulation by chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke and immediate-early gene regulation in murine lungs. Tob Control 2019; 29:s80-s89. [PMID: 31852817 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe (WP) smoke on pulmonary function and immune response in a murine model using a research-grade WP and the effects of acute exposure on the regulation of immediate-early genes (IEGs). METHODS WP smoke was generated using three WP smoke puffing regimens based on the Beirut regimen. WP smoke samples generated under these puffing regimens were quantified for nicotine concentration. Mice were chronically exposed for 6 months followed by assessment of pulmonary function and airway inflammation. Transcriptomic analysis using RNAseq was conducted after acute exposure to characterise the IEG response. These biomarkers were then compared with those generated after exposure to dry smoke (without water added to the WP bowl). RESULTS We determined that nicotine composition in WP smoke ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg per puffing session. The lung immune response was sensitive to the incremental severity of chronic exposure, with modest decreases in airway inflammatory cells and chemokine levels compared with air-exposed controls. Pulmonary function was unmodified by chronic WP exposure. Acute WP exposure was found to activate the immune response and identified known and novel IEG as potential biomarkers of WP exposure. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to WP smoke leads to immune suppression without significant changes to pulmonary function. Transcriptomic analysis of the lung after acute exposure to WP smoke showed activation of the immune response and revealed IEGs that are common to WP and dry smoke, as well as pools of IEGs unique to each exposure, identifying potential biomarkers specific to WP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermes Reyes-Caballero
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Loube
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Sanchez
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Edwards
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Thomas Sussan
- Toxicology Directorate, US Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deoxynivalenol Affects Proliferation and Expression of Activation-Related Molecules in Major Porcine T-Cell Subsets. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110644. [PMID: 31694331 PMCID: PMC6891462 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminates animal feed worldwide. In vivo, DON modifies the cellular protein synthesis, thereby also affecting the immune system. However, the functional consequences of this are still ill-defined. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy pigs were incubated with different DON concentrations in the presence of Concanavalin A (ConA), a plant-derived polyclonal T-cell stimulant. T-cell subsets were investigated for proliferation and expression of CD8α, CD27, and CD28, which are involved in activation and costimulation of porcine T cells. A clear decrease in proliferation of all ConA-stimulated major T-cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and γδ T cells) was observed in DON concentrations higher than 0.4 µM. This applied in particular to naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. From 0.8 μM onwards, DON induced a reduction of CD8α (CD4+) and CD27 expression (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells). CD28 expression was diminished in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at a concentration of 1.6 µM DON. None of these effects were observed with the DON-derivative deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) at 16 µM. These results indicate that DON reduces T-cell proliferation and the expression of molecules involved in T-cell activation, providing a molecular basis for some of the described immunosuppressive effects of DON.
Collapse
|