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Ferreira-Silva GÁ, Rodrigues DA, Pressete CG, Caixeta ES, Gamero AMC, Miyazawa M, Hanemann JAC, Fraga CAM, Aissa AF, Ionta M. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 by N-acylhydrazone derivative reduces the proliferation and induces senescence in carcinoma hepatocellular cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105884. [PMID: 38945376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths globally. Systemic therapy is the only treatment option for HCC at an advanced stage, with limited therapeutic response. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor potential of four N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives, namely LASSBio-1909, 1911, 1935, and 1936, on HCC cell lines. We have previously demonstrated that the aforementioned NAH derivatives selectively inhibit histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in lung cancer cells, but their effects on HCC cells have not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of NAH derivatives on the proliferative behavior of HCC cells. LASSBio-1911 was the most cytotoxic compound against HCC cells, however its effects were minimal on normal cells. Our results showed that LASSBio-1911 inhibited HDAC6 in HCC cells leading to cell cycle arrest and decreased cell proliferation. There was also an increase in the frequency of cells in mitosis onset, which was associated with disturbing mitotic spindle formation. These events were accompanied by elevated levels of CDKN1A mRNA, accumulation of CCNB1 protein, and sustained ERK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, LASSBio-1911 induced DNA damage, resulting in senescence and/or apoptosis. Our findings indicate that selective inhibition of HDAC6 may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced HCC, including tumor subtypes with integrated viral genome. Further, in vivo studies are required to validate the antitumor effect of LASSBio-1911 on liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Alencar Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angel Mauricio Castro Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Science, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Miyazawa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001 MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil.
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Heumann P, Albert A, Gülow K, Tümen D, Müller M, Kandulski A. Insights in Molecular Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1831. [PMID: 38791911 PMCID: PMC11120383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive review of the current literature of published data and clinical trials (MEDLINE), as well as published congress contributions and active recruiting clinical trials on targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Combinations of different agents and medical therapy along with radiological interventions were analyzed for the setting of advanced HCC. Those settings were also analyzed in combination with adjuvant situations after resection or radiological treatments. We summarized the current knowledge for each therapeutic setting and combination that currently is or has been under clinical evaluation. We further discuss the results in the background of current treatment guidelines. In addition, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways for each of these investigated targets and drugs to further elucidate the molecular background and underlying mechanisms of action. Established and recommended targeted treatment options that already exist for patients are considered for systemic treatment: atezolizumab/bevacizumab, durvalumab/tremelimumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib, regorafenib, and ramucirumab. Combination treatment for systemic treatment and local ablative treatment or transarterial chemoembolization and adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment strategies are under clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Heumann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (K.G.); (D.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Arne Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (K.G.); (D.T.)
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Yasukawa K, Shimizu A, Kubota K, Notake T, Hosoda K, Hayashi H, Soejima Y. Impact of Liver Fibrosis Severity on Oncological Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2024; 13:150-160. [PMID: 38751553 PMCID: PMC11095585 DOI: 10.1159/000533857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cirrhosis is deemed to be a contributing factor to the postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the precise impact of liver fibrosis on both cancer-specific prognoses remains unclear. This investigation sought to elucidate the effect of liver fibrosis severity on the cancer-specific prognosis. Methods A total of 524 consecutive patients were included. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were compared according to fibrosis stage. Moreover, postoperative outcomes were subjected to analysis in cohorts of patients with F0 and F1-3, as well as in those with F1-3 and F4, who were carefully matched for background factors. Results The 5-year RFS exhibited a significantly worse outcome in the F4 group compared to other stages of fibrosis: 5-year RFS - F0 (46.6%), F1-3 (33.1%), and F4 (23.5%), p = 0.03 (F0 vs. F1-3) and p < 0.01 (F1-3 vs. F4). Additionally, the 5-year DSS also presented a significantly worse prognosis in the F4 group: 5-year DSS - F0 (82.9%), F1-3 (73.6%), and F4 (57.4%), p = 0.04 (F0 vs. F1-3) and p < 0.01 (F1-3 vs. F4). In multivariate analysis, fibrosis 1, 2, 3, and 4 stage (compared with F0) (HR: 1.70, 1.81, 1.89, and 3.99, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.99, 1.39-2.22, 1.41-2.55, and 2.25-5.01, p = 0.022, p = 0.008, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) was independent risk factor for RFS. After matched analysis, both RFS and DSS exhibited significantly worse prognoses in the presence of more advanced fibrosis. There was a significantly higher incidence of multiple recurrences in the F4 group than the F1-3 group, and a number of recurrences were observed both in the same hepatic segment as the resected side and in the contralateral lobe in F4 group. Discussion/Conclusion The hazard and recurrence pattern of HCC signifies that the prognosis could potentially be poor, as the hepatic fibrosis likely owing to a higher hepatocarcinogenic potential, even in the absence of progression to cirrhotic condition. The risk of de novo recurrence may also increase with the progression of this fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yasukawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Notake
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hosoda
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Sobnach S, Kotze U, Spearman CW, Sonderup M, Nashidengo PR, Ede C, Keli E, Chihaka O, Zerbini LF, Li YJ, Gandhi K, Krige J, Jonas E. The management and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:21-33. [PMID: 37805364 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review aimed to appraise all population-based studies describing the management and outcomes of HCC in SSA. METHODS A systematic review based on a search in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), AfricaWide and Cochrane up to June 2023 was performed. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (registration no: CRD42022363955). RESULTS Thirty-nine publications from 15 of 48 SSA countries were identified; 3989 patients were studied. The majority (74%) were male, with median ages ranging from 28 to 54 years. Chronic Hepatitis B infection was a leading aetiology and non-cirrhotic HCC was frequently reported. Curative treatment (liver resection, transplantation and ablation) was offered to 6% of the cohort. Most patients (84%) received only best supportive care (BSC), with few survivors at one year. CONCLUSION The majority of SSA countries do not have data reporting outcomes for HCC. Most patients receive only BSC, and curative treatment is seldom available in the region. Outcomes are poor compared to high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Sobnach
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Urda Kotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Sonderup
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pueya R Nashidengo
- Department of Surgery, Windhoek Central Hospital, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Chikwendu Ede
- Netcare Alberton Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elie Keli
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Militaire d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Onesai Chihaka
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Luiz F Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yifan J Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Gandhi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jake Krige
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ohtani T, Ishida T, Ozaki K, Takahashi K, Shimada M, Kidoya E. [Usefulness of Electron Density Calculated from Dual Energy CT in Differential Diagnosis between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Hemangioma]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2023; 79:1337-1343. [PMID: 37704452 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2023-1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study were to compare electron density (ED), obtained by dual energy computed tomography (DECT), between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hemangioma, and to assess the differential diagnostic performance of ED between HCC and hemangioma. METHODS A total of 46 patients (27 men and 19 women; mean age, 65.7±14.0 years) diagnosed with HCC or hemangioma who underwent upper abdominal DECT between October 2021 and December 2022 were included. ED of each lesion was measured. Relative ED (rED), which is normalized by the ED of background liver parenchyma, was calculated. ED and rED of HCC and hemangioma were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The HCC group showed significantly higher ED (48.1±5.2) and rED (80.0±7.3) than the hemangioma group (43.7±4.1, 69.7±7.2, respectively) (p<0.01). The area under the curve of rED was greater than that of ED, but no significant difference was found (p=0.153). CONCLUSION ED may help in the differential diagnosis between HCC and hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumi Ozaki
- Department of Radiology, University of Fukui Hospital
| | | | | | - Eiji Kidoya
- Radiological Center, University of Fukui Hospital
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Li J, Huang D, Zhao Y, Gao T, Zhuang Z, Cui Y, Zheng DY, Tang Y. Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages affecting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217400. [PMID: 37663266 PMCID: PMC10470150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the immune cell stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma. TAMs originate from monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and kupffer cells. The recruitment of monocytes to the HCC tumor microenvironment is facilitated by various factors, leading to their differentiation into TAMs with unique phenotypes. TAMs can directly activate or inhibit the nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6/signal transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1/bone morphogenetic protein, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways in tumor cells and interact with other immune cells via producing cytokines and extracellular vesicles, thus affecting carcinoma cell proliferation, invasive and migratory, angiogenesis, liver fibrosis progression, and other processes to participate in different stages of tumor progression. In recent years, TAMs have received much attention as a prospective treatment target for HCC. This review describes the origin and characteristics of TAMs and their mechanism of action in the occurrence and development of HCC to offer a theoretical foundation for further clinical research of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dailin Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Yong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatology, TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Quan Y, Li W, Yan R, Cheng J, Xu H, Chen L. Tumor cuproptosis and immune infiltration improve survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with a high expression of ferredoxin 1. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168769. [PMID: 37361595 PMCID: PMC10285401 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cuproptosis is a novel cell death pathway dependent on cellular copper ions and ferredoxin 1 (FDX1). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is derived from healthy liver as a central organ for copper metabolism. It remains no conclusive evidence whether cuproptosis is involved in survival improvement of patients with HCC. Method A 365-liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) cohort with RNA sequencing data and paired clinical and survival information was obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. A retrospective cohort of 57 patients with HCC with stages I/II/III was collected by Zhuhai People's Hospital from August 2016 to January 2022. Low- or high-FDX1 groups were divided according to the median value of FDX1 expression. Cibersort, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, and multiplex immunohistochemistry analyzed immune infiltration in LIHC and HCC cohorts. Cell proliferation and migration of HCC tissues and hepatic cancer cell lines were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Quantitative real-time PCR and RNA interference measured and downregulated FDX1 expression. Statistical analysis was conducted by R and GraphPad Prism software. Results High FDX1 expression significantly enhanced survival of patients with LIHC from the TCGA dataset, which was also demonstrated through a retrospective cohort with 57 HCC cases. Immune infiltration was different between the low- and high-FDX1 expression groups. Natural killer cells, macrophages, and B cells were significantly enhanced, and PD-1 expression was low in the high-FDX1 tumor tissues. Meanwhile, we found that a high expression of FDX1 decreased cell viability in HCC samples. HepG2 cells with FDX1 expression are sensitive to Cu2+, and interference of FDX1 promoted proliferation and migration of tumor cells. The consistent results were also demonstrated in Hep3B cells. Conclusion This study reveals that cuproptosis and tumor immune microenvironment were together involved in improvement of survival in patients with HCC with a high expression of FDX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyao Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Guangdong, Zhuhai, China
| | - Rongrong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Hubei, Wuhan, China
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Koc C, Akbulut S, Sarici KB, Uremis MM, Dogan UG, Kucukakcali Z, Garzali IU, Karabulut E, Turkoz Y, Yilmaz S. Measurement of Heavy Metal and Antioxidant-Oxidant Levels in Tissues Obtained From Three Different Localizations of Explant Hepatectomy of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transplant Proc 2023:S0041-1345(22)00867-3. [PMID: 36604253 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reveal any difference in terms of heavy metal and antioxidant/oxidant levels of liver tissues obtained from 3 different locations of hepatectomy specimens of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Total hepatectomy materials of patients who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were objects of this study. Three liver tissue samples were obtained from each material, one from HCC tissue, one adjacent from the border of HCC, and one at least 3 cm distant from HCC, each 10 × 10 mm in diameter. Samples are preserved at -70°C. Levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn) and oxidant-antioxidant parameters (catalase, glutathione peroxidase [GSHPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD], nitric oxide, prolidase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, total-thiol, native thiol, and disulphid) are measured. RESULTS This study included 22 patients (18 men, 4 women with an age range of 3 to 66 years. There were significant differences in terms of Cd, Pb, Zn, GSHPx, SOD, nitric oxide, and native thiol levels between liver tissues derived from 3 different locations. Cd, Pb, and Zn levels were significantly different in tumor tissues, whereas GSHPx and SOD levels were significantly different in tumor and neighboring tissues. Nitric oxide levels were relatively different in tumor tissues compared with tumor-neighboring tissues. Native thiol levels differed significantly in tumor tissues compared with tissues distant from tumor. CONCLUSIONS The aim of this study is unique in medical literature, which reveals that the amount of heavy metals and antioxidant/oxidant accumulation are variable in the same liver tissue in different locations because of multiple and yet unknown factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sami Akbulut
- Liver Transplant Institute, Malatya, Turkey; Department Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
| | | | - Muhammed Mehdi Uremis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Gunay Dogan
- Fuel-Oil Analysis Laboratory, Inonu University Rectorate, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kucukakcali
- Department Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Umar Garzali
- Liver Transplant Institute, Malatya, Turkey; Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Yusuf Turkoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Saeed RF, Awan UA, Saeed S, Mumtaz S, Akhtar N, Aslam S. Targeted Therapy and Personalized Medicine. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 185:177-205. [PMID: 37306910 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and personalized medicine are novel emerging disciplines of cancer research intended for treatment and prevention. One of the most significant advancements in modern oncology is the shift from an organ-centric strategy to a personalized strategy guided by deep molecular analysis. This shift in view, which focuses on the tumour's precise molecular changes, has paved the way for individualized treatment. Researchers and clinicians are using targeted therapies to select the best treatment available based on the molecular characterization of malignant cancer. In the treatment of a cancer, personalized medicine entails the use of genetic, immunological, and proteomic profiling to provide therapeutic alternatives as well as prognostic information about cancer. In this book, targeted therapies and personalized medicine have been covered for specific malignancies, including latest FDA-approved targeted therapies and it also sheds light on effective anti-cancer regimens and drug resistance. This will help to enhance our ability to conduct individualized health planning, make early diagnoses, and choose optimal medications for each cancer patient with predictable side effects and outcomes in a quickly evolving era. Various applications and tools' capacity have been improved for early diagnosis of cancer and the growing number of clinical trials that choose specific molecular targets reflects this predicament. Nevertheless, there are several limitations that must need to be addressed. Hence, in this chapter, we will discuss recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in personalized medicine for various cancers, with a specific emphasis on target therapies in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Fatima Saeed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Azeem Awan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Aslam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Tafti MF, Azarpira N, Behboodi M, Zarei M. The role of FGF21 and its analogs on liver associated diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:967375. [PMID: 36457562 PMCID: PMC9705724 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.967375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a member of fibroblast growth factor family, is a hormone-like growth factor that is synthesized mainly in the liver and adipose tissue. FGF21 regulates lipid and glucose metabolism and has substantial roles in decreasing lipogenesis and increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity which causing lipid profile improvement. FGF21 genetic variations also affect nutritional and addictive behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption and eating sweets. The role of FGF21 in metabolic associated diseases like diabetes mellitus had been confirmed previously. Recently, several studies have demonstrated a correlation between FGF21 and liver diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD has a wide range from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis and cirrhosis. Elevated serum levels of FGF21 associated with NAFLD and its pathogenesis. Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), another condition that cause liver injury, significantly increased FGF21 levels as a protective factor; FGF21 can reverse the progression of AFLD and can be a potential therapeutic agent for it. Also, NAFLD and AFLD are the most important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is the fourth deadliest cancer in the world. Several studies showed that lack of FGF21 induced oncogenic condition and worsened HCC. In this review article, we intend to discuss different aspects of FGF21 in NAFLD, AFLD and HCC; including the role of FGF21 in pathophysiology of these conditions, the effects of FGF21 mutations, the possible use of the FGF21 as a biomarker in different stages of these diseases, as well as the usage of FGF21 and its analog molecules in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mobin Fallah Tafti
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behboodi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Jonas E, Bernon M, Robertson B, Kassianides C, Keli E, Asare KO, Alatise IO, Okello M, Blondel NO, Mulehane KO, Abubeker ZA, Nogoud AA, Nashidengo PR, Chihaka O, Tzeuton C, Dusheiko G, Sonderup M, Spearman CW. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and solutions. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:1049-1060. [PMID: 35810767 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most patients who develop hepatocellular carcinoma reside in resource-poor countries, a category that includes most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Age-standardised incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in western, central, eastern, and southern Africa is 6·53 per 100 000 inhabitants to 11·1 per 100 000 inhabitants. In high-income countries, around 40% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage, in which interventions with curative intent or palliative interventions are possible. By contrast, 95% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa present with advanced or terminal disease. In high-income countries, targets of 30-40% that have been set for intervention with curative intent are regularly met, with expected 5-year overall survival rates in the region of 70%. These outcomes are in sharp contrast with the very small proportion of patients in sub-Saharan Africa who are treated with curative intent. Primary prevention through the eradication and reduction of risk factors is still suboptimal because of logistical challenges. The challenges facing primary prevention, in combination with difficult-to-manage historic and emerging risk factors, such as ethanol overconsumption and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease, mandates secondary prevention for populations at risk through screening and surveillance. Although the increased treatment needs yielded by screening and surveillance in high-income countries are manageable by the incremental expansion of existing interventional resources, the lack of resources in sub-Saharan Africa will undermine the possible benefits of secondary prevention. An estimate of the projected effect of the introduction and expansion of screening and surveillance, resulting in stage migration and possibilities for active interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma, would facilitate optimal planning and development of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Jonas
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Marc Bernon
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Robertson
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chris Kassianides
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elie Keli
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Militaire d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kwaku Offei Asare
- Department of Surgery, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and the University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Olusegun Alatise
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Michael Okello
- Department of Surgery, Uganda Martyrs Hospital Lubaga, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nana Oumarou Blondel
- Centre Hospitalier d'Essos and Department of Surgery, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Zeki Abdurahman Abubeker
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Pueya Rashid Nashidengo
- Department of Surgery, Windhoek Central Hospital, University of Namibia School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Onesai Chihaka
- Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Christian Tzeuton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Geoffrey Dusheiko
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, UK; University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Mark Sonderup
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Spearman CW, Dusheiko G, Jonas E, Abdo A, Afihene M, Cunha L, Desalegn H, Kassianides C, Katsidzira L, Kramvis A, Lam P, Lesi OA, Micah EA, Musabeyezu E, Ndow G, Nnabuchi CV, Ocama P, Okeke E, Rwegasha J, Shewaye AB, Some FF, Tzeuton C, Sonderup MW. Hepatocellular carcinoma: measures to improve the outlook in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:1036-1048. [PMID: 35810766 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is most prevalent in young adults (median 45 years [IQR 35-57]). Overall, outcomes are poor, with a median survival of 2·5 months after presentation. Major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, aflatoxin B1 exposure, and alcohol consumption, with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease slowly emerging as a risk factor over the past few years. Crucially, these risk factors are preventable and manageable with effective implementation of the HBV birth-dose vaccination, treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, provision of harm reduction services, and by decreasing aflatoxin B1 exposure and harmful alcohol consumption. Primary prevention is central to the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in poorly resourced environments. Effective screening and surveillance programmes with recall policies need to be implemented, because detection and curative management of hepatocellular carcinoma is possible if it is detected at an early stage, even in countries with minimal resources, with appropriate upskilling of medical personnel. The establishment of centres of excellence with advanced diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities within countries should improve hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes and assist in driving the implementation of much needed systematic data systems focused on hepatocellular carcinoma to establish the accurate burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Such data would support the public health importance of hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a strong basis for advocacy, programme development, resource allocation, and monitoring of progress in reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wendy Spearman
- Division of Hepatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Geoffrey Dusheiko
- University College London Medical School, London, UK; Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eduard Jonas
- Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Division of General Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abdelmounem Abdo
- National Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Ibn Sina Hospital, Alamarat, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mary Afihene
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lina Cunha
- Gastroenterology Unit, Maputo Private Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hailemichael Desalegn
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chris Kassianides
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leolin Katsidzira
- Internal Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Olufunmilayo A Lesi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Eileen A Micah
- Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Gibril Ndow
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chidi V Nnabuchi
- Asokoro District Hospital, Nile University Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edith Okeke
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - John Rwegasha
- Gastroenterology Training Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abate B Shewaye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fatuma F Some
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Christian Tzeuton
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mark W Sonderup
- Division of Hepatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Identification of the Diagnostic Biomarker VIPR1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Algorithm. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2469592. [PMID: 36157238 PMCID: PMC9499748 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2469592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the potential diagnostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by machine learning (ML) and to explore the significance of immune cell infiltration in HCC. From GEO datasets, the microarray datasets of HCC patients were obtained and downloaded. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from five datasets of GSE57957, GSE84402, GSE112790, GSE113996, and GSE121248, totalling 125 normal liver tissues and 326 HCC tissues. In order to find the diagnostic indicators of HCC, the LASSO regression and the SVM-RFE algorithms were utilized. The prognostic value of VIPR1 was analyzed. Finally, the difference of immune cell infiltration between HCC tissues and normal liver tissues was evaluated by CIBERSORT algorithm. In this study, a total of 232 DEGs were identified in 125 normal liver tissues and 326 HCC tissues. 11 diagnostic markers were identified by LASSO regression and SVM-RFE algorithms. FCN2, ECM1, VIRP1, IGFALS, and ASPG genes with AUC>0.85 were regarded as candidate biomarkers with high diagnostic value, and the above results were verified in GSE36376. Survival analyses showed that VIPR1 and IGFALS were significantly correlated with the OS, while ASPG, ECM1, and FCN2 had no statistical significance with the OS. Multivariate assays indicated that VIPR1 gene could be used as an independent prognostic factor for HCC, while FCN2, ECM1, IGFALS, and ASPG could not be used as independent prognostic factors for HCC. Immune cell infiltration analyses showed that the expression of VIPR1 in HCC was positively correlated with the levels of several immune cells. Overall, VIPR1 gene can be used as a diagnostic feature marker of HCC and may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in the future.
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14
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Korkmaz D, Konya P, Demirtürk N. Investigation of the Characteristics of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Cases Reported in Afyonkarahisar Province. TURKIYE PARAZITOLOJII DERGISI 2022; 46:224-227. [PMID: 36094125 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF); fever, widespread pain in the body, deterioration in liver function tests; it is a tick-borne viral infectious disease that can cause bleeding and death in the skin, mucous membranes, and sometimes internal organs. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological characteristics of CCHF cases diagnosed in Afyonkarahisar. METHODS Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatments, and prognoses of patients diagnosed with CCHF in Afyonkarahisar were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In Afyonkarahisar, it was determined that 35 case reports were made between 2002 and November 2019, the date when the CCHF was first seen in Turkey. A history of tick attachment was detected in 31 subjects. Tick arrest cases were most common in June (12 cases; 34.3%) and July (9 cases; 2.9%). There was a history of living in rural areas in twenty-seven (77.1%) patients, close contact with animals in 12 patients, and a history of contact with animal blood in 4 patients. All the 35 cases that followed resulted in healing and no mortality was observed. CONCLUSION CCHF is an endemic disease that still maintains its importance in our country. The most important factor in the control with the disease is to prevent virus contact to prevent transmission. People living in endemic areas should be informed about the precautions to be taken against tick bites, and awareness should be raised by providing education about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Korkmaz
- Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Petek Konya
- Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Neşe Demirtürk
- Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
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15
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Duberg A, Lybeck C, Fält A, Montgomery S, Aleman S. Reply. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3593-3594. [PMID: 36017781 PMCID: PMC9701469 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Sofi Duberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityOrebroSweden
| | - Charlotte Lybeck
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityOrebroSweden
| | - Anna Fält
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityOrebroSweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityOrebroSweden,Clinical Epidemiology DivisionKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden,Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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16
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Manudhane G, Mehta R, Chauhan S, Kumbhar M. Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome With a Bleeding Intra-Tumoral Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e27653. [PMID: 36072195 PMCID: PMC9439716 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report presents the management of a 69-year-old gentleman with acute coronary syndrome in the setting of an incidentally detected hepatocellular carcinoma with intra-tumoral bleed. Initially, the patient presented with fever, cough, and sudden onset of dyspnea on rest accompanied by angina, after which he was diagnosed with non-ST segment elevated myocardial infarction complicated with congestive cardiac failure. His laboratory and radiological investigations were suggestive of a possible infective etiology which, in an era of COVID-19, was investigated further with a high-resolution CT scan of the chest, which was suggestive of features of pulmonary edema along with an incidental discovery of liver lesions on the abdominal cuts. A further workup with a dedicated triple-phase computed tomography scan abdomen demonstrated features of undiagnosed hepatocellular cancer with intra-tumoral bleeding. Therefore, a mesenteric celiac angiogram followed by trans arterial bland embolization of the bleeding vessel was performed. In the same setting, for the simultaneous management of the acute coronary syndrome, coronary angiography performed revealed a triple vessel disease which was immediately followed by a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
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17
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Gao G, Luan X. Diagnostic performance of clusterin in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:404-411. [PMID: 35645149 DOI: 10.1177/03936155221101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Clusterin (CLU) is a pleiotropic protein with numerous functions. It has recently attracted considerable attention owing to its association with cancer progression and metastasis. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated. This meta-analysis is the first evaluation of the diagnostic performance of CLU in HCC. Methods Articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China Science and Technology Journal Database until January 2022 were searched. Studies that reported the usefulness of CLU for the differentiation of HCC and non-HCC (e.g., liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and other benign liver disease) patients were selected. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was used as a positive control in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were compared between CLU and AFP. Results Eight articles including 811 participants were included. The pooled sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI)), specificity (95% CI), DOR (95% CI), and AUC (95% CI) were: 0.86 (0.78–0.91), 0.85 (0.75–0.91), 35 (13–94), and 0.92 (0.89–0.94) for CLU; 0.74 (0.67–0.81), 0.89 (0.79–0.94), 22 (8–61), and 0.87 (0.84–0.90) for AFP; 0.93 (0.88–0.96), 0.85 (0.68–0.94), 75 (21–262), and 0.95 (0.92–0.96) for CLU + AFP, respectively. Compared with AFP, CLU showed higher sensitivity, DOR, and AUC, as well as similar specificity. The combination of CLU and AFP resulted in higher sensitivity, DOR, and AUC. Conclusions Serum CLU is a better biomarker versus AFP for the diagnosis of HCC. The combination of CLU and AFP improved diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuke Luan
- IBM Dalian Global Delivery Company Limited, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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Duberg A, Lybeck C, Fält A, Montgomery S, Aleman S. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by age and country of origin in people living in Sweden: A national register study. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2418-2430. [PMID: 35503810 PMCID: PMC9426385 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and surveillance is recommended for patients without cirrhosis when risk exceeds an incidence rate (IR) of 0.2%. Populations in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have been associated with HCC at younger ages, but the risk after immigration to Western countries should be investigated. The aim of this study was to study HCC by age and country of origin in people with chronic HBV infection in Sweden. Through national registers, residents with chronic HBV diagnosis (1990-2015) were identified with information on country of origin, immigration/emigration, death, coinfections, antiviral therapy, and HCC. Observation time started at HBV diagnosis, and IR and hazard ratios for HCC were calculated by sex, age, and region of origin. Among 16,410 individuals (47% women), the origin and observation time (person years) were as follows: Western Europe, 2316 (25,415); Eastern Europe, 2349 (26,237); Middle East/North Africa, 4402 (47,320); sub-Saharan Africa, 3677 (30,565); Asia, 3537 (35,358); and other, 129 (1277). There were 232 individuals with HCC (82% in men). The IR increased with age and exceeded 0.2% for Asian men from age group 40-49 years (IR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.39-1.00), for men of other origins from age group 50-59 years, and for women aged ≥60 years originating from Eastern Europe, Asia, and Middle East/North Africa. After exclusion of patients with cirrhosis or HBV treatment, the IR still exceeded 0.2% in Asian men aged 40-49 years. This study demonstrates that HBV-infected men of Asian origin should be recommended HCC surveillance at younger ages, but there is a need for further studies of HCC incidence in African-born men without cirrhosis living in the Western world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Sofi Duberg
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Charlotte Lybeck
- Department of Infectious DiseasesSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Anna Fält
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden,Clinical Epidemiology DivisionKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden,Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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19
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Péneau C, Imbeaud S, La Bella T, Hirsch TZ, Caruso S, Calderaro J, Paradis V, Blanc JF, Letouzé E, Nault JC, Amaddeo G, Zucman-Rossi J. Hepatitis B virus integrations promote local and distant oncogenic driver alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2022; 71:616-626. [PMID: 33563643 PMCID: PMC8862055 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection by HBV is the main risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HBV directly drives carcinogenesis through integrations in the human genome. This study aimed to precisely characterise HBV integrations, in relation with viral and host genomics and clinical features. DESIGN A novel pipeline was set up to perform viral capture on tumours and non-tumour liver tissues from a French cohort of 177 patients mainly of European and African origins. Clonality of each integration event was determined with the localisation, orientation and content of the integrated sequence. In three selected tumours, complex integrations were reconstructed using long-read sequencing or Bionano whole genome mapping. RESULTS Replicating HBV DNA was more frequently detected in non-tumour tissues and associated with a higher number of non-clonal integrations. In HCC, clonal selection of HBV integrations was related to two different mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. First, integration of viral enhancer nearby a cancer-driver gene may lead to a strong overexpression of oncogenes. Second, we identified frequent chromosome rearrangements at HBV integration sites leading to cancer-driver genes (TERT, TP53, MYC) alterations at distance. Moreover, HBV integrations have direct clinical implications as HCC with a high number of insertions develop in young patients and have a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Deep characterisation of HBV integrations in liver tissues highlights new HBV-associated driver mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. HBV integrations have multiple direct oncogenic consequences that remain an important challenge for the follow-up of HBV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Péneau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Tiziana La Bella
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Theo Z Hirsch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Service d’Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | - Valerie Paradis
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France,Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Centre de Recherche 27 sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Frederic Blanc
- Service Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Service de Pathologie, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France,Université Bordeaux, Inserm, Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France,Service d’Hépatologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, Bobigny, France
| | - Giuliana Amaddeo
- Service d’Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de recherche biomedicale, Creteil, Île-de-France, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France .,Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors laboratory, équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, Paris, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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20
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010226. [PMID: 35008390 PMCID: PMC8749970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a major health burden, accounting for >80% of primary liver cancers globally. Inflammation has come into the spotlight as a hallmark of cancer, and it is evident that tumor-associated inflammation drives the involvement of monocytes in tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) actively participate in tumor-related inflammation, representing the main type of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, setting the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells. Infiltrating TAMs exert either anti-tumorigenic (M1) or pro-tumorigenic (M2) functions. In most solid human tumors, increased TAM infiltration has been associated with enhanced tumor growth and metastasis, while other studies showcase that under certain conditions, TAMs exhibit cytotoxic and tumoricidal activity, inhibiting the progression of cancer. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and we highlight their potential utilization in HCC prognosis and therapy. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a major health burden globally, and it is caused by intrinsic genetic mutations acting in concert with a multitude of epigenetic and extrinsic risk factors. Cancer induces myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, as well as the mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which reside in the spleen. Monocytes produced in the bone marrow and the spleen further infiltrate tumors, where they differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The relationship between chronic inflammation and hepatocarcinogenesis has been thoroughly investigated over the past decade; however, several aspects of the role of TAMs in HCC development are yet to be determined. In response to certain stimuli and signaling, monocytes differentiate into macrophages with antitumor properties, which are classified as M1-like. On the other hand, under different stimuli and signaling, the polarization of macrophages shifts towards an M2-like phenotype with a tumor promoting capacity. M2-like macrophages drive tumor growth both directly and indirectly, via the suppression of cytotoxic cell populations, including CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The tumor microenvironment affects the response to immunotherapies. Therefore, an enhanced understanding of its immunobiology is essential for the development of next-generation immunotherapies. The utilization of various monocyte-centered anticancer treatment modalities has been under clinical investigation, selectively targeting and modulating the processes of monocyte recruitment, activation and migration. This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TAMs in HCC pathogenesis and progression, as well as in their potential involvement in tumor therapy, shedding light on emerging anticancer treatment methods targeting monocytes.
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Liu B, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li W, Tsochatzis E. The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and thermal ablation versus TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 1:CD013345. [PMID: 34981511 PMCID: PMC8724539 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013345.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Hepatic resection is regarded as the curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, only about 20% of people with hepatocellular carcinoma are candidates for resection, which highlights the importance of effective nonsurgical therapies. Until now, transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the most common palliative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, but its clinical benefits remain unsatisfactory. During recent years, some studies have reported that the combination of TACE plus thermal ablation can confer a more favourable prognosis than TACE alone. However, clear and compelling evidence to prove the beneficial or harmful effects of the combination of TACE and thermal ablation therapy is lacking. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of the combination of thermal ablation with TACE versus TACE alone in people with hepatocellular carcinoma. SEARCH METHODS We performed searches in the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science. We endeavoured to identify relevant randomised clinical trials also in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases. We searched trial registration websites for ongoing studies. We also handsearched grey literature sources. The date of last search was 22 December 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include all randomised clinical trials comparing the combination of TACE plus thermal ablation versus TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma, no matter the language, year of publication, publication status, and reported outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We planned to use standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We planned to calculate risk ratios (RRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For time-to-event variables, we planned to use the methods of survival analysis and express the intervention effect as a hazard ratio (HR) with 95% Cl. If the log HR and the variance were not directly reported in reports, we planned to calculate them indirectly, following methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis. We planned to assess the risk of bias of the included studies using the RoB 2 tool. We planned to assess the certainty of evidence with GRADE and present the evidence in a summary of findings table. MAIN RESULTS Out of 2224 records retrieved with the searches, we considered 135 records eligible for full-text screening. We excluded 21 of these records because the interventions used were outside the scope of our review or the studies were not randomised clinical trials. We listed the remaining 114 records, reporting on 114 studies, under studies awaiting classification because we could not be sure that these were randomised clinical trials from the information in the study paper. We could not obtain information on the registration of the study protocol for any of the 114 studies. We could not obtain information on study approval by regional research ethics committees, either from the study authors or through our own searches of trial registries. Corresponding authors did not respond to our enquiries about the design and conduct of the studies, except for one from whom we did not receive a satisfactory response. We also raised awareness of our concerns to editors of the journals that published the 114 studies, and we did not hear back with useful information. Moreover, there seemed to be inappropriate inclusion of trial participants, based on cancer stage and severity of liver disease, who should have obtained other interventions according to guidelines from learned societies. Accordingly, we found no confirmed randomised clinical trials evaluating the combination of TACE plus thermal ablation versus TACE alone for people with hepatocellular carcinoma for inclusion in our review. We identified five ongoing trials, by handsearching in clinical trial websites. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We could not find for inclusion any confirmed randomised clinical trials assessing the beneficial or harmful effects of the combination of TACE plus thermal ablation versus TACE alone in people with hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, our results did not show or reject the efficiency of the combination of TACE plus thermal ablation versus TACE alone for people with hepatocellular carcinoma. We need trials that compare the beneficial and harmful effects of the combination of TACE plus thermal ablation versus TACE alone in people with hepatocellular carcinoma, not eligible for treatments with curative intent (liver transplantation, ablation surgical resection) and who have sufficient liver reserve, as assessed by the Child Pugh score, and who do not have extrahepatic metastases. Therefore, future trial participants must be classified at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage B (intermediate stage) (BCLC-B) or an equivalent, with other staging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoZhi Liu
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - YongChao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Bejing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Emmanuel Tsochatzis
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre, Royal Free Hospital and the UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, London, UK
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Modi SJ, Tiwari A, Kulkarni VM. Reversal of TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma by sorafenib, a VEGFR-2 and Raf kinase inhibitor. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100014. [PMID: 34909649 PMCID: PMC8663974 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered an essential process for cancer development and metastasis. Sorafenib, a RAF kinase and VEGFR-2 inhibitor, exhibits efficacy against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renal carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. It is well established that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activated EMT is involved in the invasion and metastasis of Hep G2 cells in HCC. In this study, we investigated the effects of sorafenib on various biomarkers associated with EMT using flow cytometry. We found that sorafenib upregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulated the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Furthermore, sorafenib downregulated the level of the EMT-inducing transcription factor SNAIL. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms associated with the anti-EMT effects of VEGFR-2/RAF kinase inhibitors. Sorafenib (Nexavar) is potent Raf and VEGFR-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 90 nM), able to suppress aberrant angiogenesis associated with cancer. Sorafenib upregulates epithelial biomarker and downregulates mesenchymal biomarker in Hep G2 cells. It was able to downregulate EMT inducing transcription factor (EMT-TFs), i.e., SNAIL. Sorafenib could be an effective therapeutic option for patients with metastatic cancer.
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El Raziky M, Abdel Hafez H, Elsharkawy A, Moneer TA, EL-Sheikh SM, Maher RM, Sharaf SA. Serum level of cytokeratin 19 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The heterogeneous nature of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) impedes both treatment strategies and prognostic predictions. Several markers have been proposed for the diagnosis of HCC. Cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been known as cellular integrators in neoplasm formation. Hepatic progenitor cells are thought to express alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hematopoietic as well as biliary markers such as cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) and cytokeratin 7. The aim of this study was to verify the role of serum CK 19 alone or in combination with AFP as a diagnostic marker of HCC and to assess the changes in its levels after ablation of HCV-related HCC to evaluate its role as a predictor marker for recurrence of HCC after ablation. The study was conducted on 102 HCV-related cirrhotic patients categorized into three different groups according to the clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation: group I—62 patients with early or intermediate HCC who underwent locoregional intervention, group II—20 patients with advanced HCC not fit for any intervention apart from best supportive treatment, and group III—20 cirrhotic patients with no evidence of HCC as proved by two imaging techniques.
Results
The mean serum levels of CK 19 were 6.5 ± 5.7, 10.5 ± 12.5, and 6.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml in groups I, II, and III, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of combined AFP and human CK 19 at cutoff levels of 25.5 ng/ml and 6.25 ng/ml were 93.9%, 45%, 87.5%, and 64.3%, respectively. In group I patients, CK 19 levels were comparable in patients with ablated focal lesion and those who did not at baseline; then, it was significantly higher in ablated patients than in patients with residual tumor 1 and 6 months after the intervention.
Conclusions
Combination of both AFP and CK 19 levels could increase the diagnostic accuracy of suspected HCCs. CK 19 levels are good predictors of ablation/recurrence in patients who underwent interventional procedures minimizing the need for follow-up imaging modalities.
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Hu X, Han D, Wang Y, Gu J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Liu J. Phospho-Smad3L promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through decreasing miR-140-5p level and stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1343-1351. [PMID: 33775574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activates JNK, phosphorylates Smad3 to linker-phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3L), resulting in liver tumorigenesis. However, the effect of pSmad3L on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis is obscure. AIM To detect the effect of pSmad3L on HCC prognosis and investigate the mechanism. METHODS The expressions of pSmad3L, E-cadherin, vimentin and MicroRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) were detected by using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Next, the relationships of pSmad3L and HCC patients' prognoses, pSmad3L and EMT markers, pSmad3L and miR-140-5p were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. JNK/pSmad3L specific inhibitor SP600125 or Smad3 mutant plasmid was used to suppress JNK/pSmad3L pathway, and QPCR assay was performed to investigate the effect of pSmad3L on miR-140-5p level. The proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells were observed using colony formation assay and transwell assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that patient with high level of pSmad3L predicted poor prognosis. Next, we verified that pSmad3L promoted EMT of hepatoma cells in vivo and in vitro. In order to investigate the mechanism, we verified a negative correlation between pSmad3L and miR-140-5p, which was an EMT inhibitor, in the liver tissues of HCC patient and diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat HCC model. We further used SP600125 or pSmad3L mutant plasmid to decrease pSmad3L level of hepatoma cells, and inhibition of pSmad3L increased miR-140-5p level and suppressed EMT of hepatoma cells. CONCLUSIONS JNK/pSmad3L pathway induces EMT by inhibiting miR-140-5p in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Hu
- Digestive Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Functional experiment center, School of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Anugwom CM, Allaire M, Akbar SMF, Sultan A, Bollipo S, Mattos AZ, Debes JD. Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2021; 7. [PMID: 33884303 PMCID: PMC8057710 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2021.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The age of occurrence, prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world. This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV, age of transmission of the virus, the timing of integration into the human genome, and different HBV genotypes, as well as environmental factors. It results in a wide difference in viral interaction with the immune system, genomic modulation and the consequent development of HCC in an individual. In this review, we describe many factors implicated in HCC development, provide insight regarding at-risk populations and explain societal recommendations for HCC surveillance in persons living with HBV in different continents of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimaobi M Anugwom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
| | - Manon Allaire
- Sorbonne Université, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris 75103, France.,Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, France Faculté de Médecine, Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75108, France
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Amir Sultan
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa 5657, Ethiopia
| | - Steven Bollipo
- Department of Gastroenterology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia & School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2310, Australia
| | - Angelo Z Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre 90020-090, Brazil
| | - Jose D Debes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015-CE, Netherlands
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Zhao YF, Xiong X, Chen K, Tang W, Yang X, Shi ZR. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Adjuvant Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Based on Ki67 After Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surgery. Front Oncol 2021; 11:605234. [PMID: 33718156 PMCID: PMC7947851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.605234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims This study aimed to determine the relationship between Ki67 expression and the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates between the sub-groups in the ki67 low expression group and the ki67 high expression group and analyze the relationship between the expression of Ki67 and the efficacy of TACE. Results After PSM, there was no significant difference in the RFS and OS between the surgery + TACE and surgery subgroups after 1, 2, or 3 years (RFS: 63.9%, 55.6%, and 42.9% vs. 83.3%, 63.9%, and 55.6%, respectively, P = 0.279; OS: 91.7%, 83.3%, and 74.3% vs. 91.7%, 88.9%, and 71.4%, respectively, P = 0.890) in the Ki67 low-expression group. The RFS and OS were higher in the surgery + TACE subgroup than the surgery subgroup after 1, 2, and 3 years (RFS: 80.0%, 77.5%, and 69.2% vs. 53.5%, 39.5%, and 32.6%, respectively, P<0.001; OS: 97.5%, 85.0%, and 79.5% vs. 79.1%, 48.8%, and 42.9%, respectively, P = 0.001) in the Ki67 high expression group. The RFS was higher in the Ki67 high-expression subgroup than the low-expression subgroup after 1, 2, and 3 years, and OS had no significant difference (RFS: 80.0%, 79.5%, and 69.2% vs. 67.4%, 56.5%, and 46.7%, respectively, P = 0.035; OS: 97.5%, 85.0%, and 79.5% vs. 93.5%, 82.6%, and 75.6%, respectively, P = 0.665) in the surgery + TACE group. Conclusions For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and high expression of Ki67 (Ki67≥20%), adjuvant hepatic artery chemoembolization after radical liver tumor resection effectively reduced the probability of tumor recurrence after surgery and prolonged the OS of patients. High Ki67 expression during the post-operative follow-up evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma patients is an indicator for adjuvant TACE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Tiwari A, Modi SJ, Gabhe SY, Kulkarni VM. Evaluation of piperine against cancer stem cells (CSCs) of hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104776. [PMID: 33743225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet there is a lack of effective treatment that targets these CSCs. CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs are markedly expressed in HepG2 cells and were isolated and characterized using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Since piperine is known as an effective molecule against metastasis, we thought to investigate the effect of piperine against CD44+/CD133+ CSCs. Herein, piperine was found to be active against these CSCs. Also, it was found appropriate to respite at the 'subG0/G1 and G0/G1' phase of the cell cycle analysis, respectively. TGF-β activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been involved in the invasion and metastasis of HepG2 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we next investigated the effect of piperine on different biomarkers that remarkably takes part in the process of EMT using flow cytometric analysis. Piperine was found able to repress the epithelial marker (E-cadherin) but was unable to restore the level of Vimentin (mesenchymal marker) and SNAIL (EMT-inducing transcription factor). Therefore, the findings of this study revealed that piperine could be an effective treatment strategy for recurrent hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuly Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddharth J Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Y Gabhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vithal M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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Deng L, Wang C, He C, Chen L. Bone mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles promote TRAIL-related apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the delivery of microRNA-20a-3p. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:223-235. [PMID: 33136092 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely researched in cancer treatment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study intended to discuss the mechanism of miR-20a-3p in BMSCs-extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HCC apoptosis. METHODS BMSCs were isolated and identified. EVs derived from BMSCs were extracted and identified. After overexpressing or inhibiting miR-20a-3p expression in BMSCs, EVs were extracted and acted on HCC cells and transplanted tumors. HCC cell apoptosis in the treatment of BMSCs-conditioned medium, BMSCs-EVs and/or miR-20a-3p mimic/inhibitor was evaluated, with the detection of levels of TRAIL and TRAIL-related proteins. A functional rescue experiment about c-FLIP was carried out in HCC cells. The target binding relationship between miR-20a-3p and c-FLIP was detected. The subcutaneous tumorigenesis model of mice was established and injected with BMSCs-EVs to estimate the effect of BMSCs-EVs-miR-20a-3p on HCC growth. RESULTS EVs isolated from BMSCs conditioned medium promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. After BMSCs-EVs treatment, TRAIL levels, downstream proteins and miR-20a-3p were increased significantly, but the expression of c-FLIP was decreased. miR-20a-3p could target c-FLIP. BMSCs-EVs inhibited the growth of HCC cells, decreased c-FLIP expression, increased TRAIL levels, and promote the of HCC cell apoptosis. BMSCs-EVs with overexpressing miR-20a-3p further enhanced the apoptotic effect of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION BMSCs-EVs-carried miR-20a-3p targets c-FLIP and increases TRAIL levels in HCC cells, thus promoting TRAIL-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Computer Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao He
- Antibiotic Drug Office, Sichuan Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Orthopedics Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mansour-Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Naghipour M, Hassanipour S, Yeganeh S, Sepehrimanesh M, Fathalipour M. Epidemiologic profile of viral hepatitis B and C in North of Iran: results from PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:59. [PMID: 33568187 PMCID: PMC7877021 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B (HB) and C (HC) are two severe viral infectious diseases with a deleterious impact on global health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HB and HC in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study using immunological and molecular methods. RESULTS The blood samples were obtained from 10,520 enrolled participants. Complete biochemical and hematological tests, as well as urine analysis, were assessed. The presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV antibodies for all participant and HBeAg and anti-HBe antibodies for HB-positive patients were evaluated. Moreover, HB genomic DNA and HC genomic RNA were extracted from serum samples of HB-positive patients. The real-time PCR assay was employed to quantify the gene copies of hepatitis B and C viruses. HC genotyping was also performed. The prevalence of HB and HC was 0.24% (95% CI 0.16-0.35) and 0.11% (95% CI 0.06-0.19), respectively. Rural participants were significantly more HB-positive than the urban people (P = 0.045), while males were significantly more HC-positive than the females (P = 0.013). The prevalence of HB and HC in this area were lower than those of other geographical locations of Iran, which may be due to different lifestyles or other unknown reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Naghipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Yeganeh
- Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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31
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Stepien M, Keski-Rahkonen P, Kiss A, Robinot N, Duarte-Salles T, Murphy N, Perlemuter G, Viallon V, Tjønneland A, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mancini FR, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Aleksandrova K, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Panico S, Tumino R, Palli D, Tagliabue G, Naccarati A, Vermeulen RCH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Ramón Quirós J, Ardanaz E, Mokoroa O, Sala N, Sánchez MJ, Huerta JM, Winkvist A, Harlid S, Ohlsson B, Sjöberg K, Schmidt JA, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Ferrari P, Rothwell JA, Gunter M, Riboli E, Scalbert A, Jenab M. Metabolic perturbations prior to hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: Findings from a prospective observational cohort study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:609-625. [PMID: 32734650 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development entails changes in liver metabolism. Current knowledge on metabolic perturbations in HCC is derived mostly from case-control designs, with sparse information from prospective cohorts. Our objective was to apply comprehensive metabolite profiling to detect metabolites whose serum concentrations are associated with HCC development, using biological samples from within the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (>520 000 participants), where we identified 129 HCC cases matched 1:1 to controls. We conducted high-resolution untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on serum samples collected at recruitment prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied controlling for dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, body size, hepatitis infection and liver dysfunction. Corrections for multiple comparisons were applied. Of 9206 molecular features detected, 220 discriminated HCC cases from controls. Detailed feature annotation revealed 92 metabolites associated with HCC risk, of which 14 were unambiguously identified using pure reference standards. Positive HCC-risk associations were observed for N1-acetylspermidine, isatin, p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, tyrosine, sphingosine, l,l-cyclo(leucylprolyl), glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid and 7-methylguanine. Inverse risk associations were observed for retinol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, glycerophosphocholine, γ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman and creatine. Discernible differences for these metabolites were observed between cases and controls up to 10 years prior to diagnosis. Our observations highlight the diversity of metabolic perturbations involved in HCC development and replicate previous observations (metabolism of bile acids, amino acids and phospholipids) made in Asian and Scandinavian populations. These findings emphasize the role of metabolic pathways associated with steroid metabolism and immunity and specific dietary and environmental exposures in HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stepien
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Agneta Kiss
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- INSERM UMRS U996 - Intestinal Microbiota, Macrophages and Liver Inflammation, Clamart, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
- AP-HP, Hepato-gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christina C Dahm
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Second Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP) Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tagliabue
- Lombardy Cancer Registry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Bastiaan Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olatz Mokoroa
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Núria Sala
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program and Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Winkvist
- The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Skåne University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
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32
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Xia Q, Shu Z, Ye T, Zhang M. Identification and Analysis of the Blood lncRNA Signature for Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:595699. [PMID: 33365048 PMCID: PMC7750531 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.595699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common malignant tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth major cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. In 90% of cases, HCC develops in the context of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important etiology for cirrhosis and HCC, accounting for 53% of all HCC cases. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the dynamic chain reactions from normal to HBV infection, from HBV infection to liver cirrhosis, from liver cirrhosis to HCC, we analyzed the blood lncRNA expression profiles from 38 healthy control samples, 45 chronic hepatitis B patients, 46 liver cirrhosis patients, and 46 HCC patients. Advanced machine-learning methods including Monte Carlo feature selection, incremental feature selection (IFS), and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to discover the signature associated with HCC progression and construct the prediction model. One hundred seventy-one key HCC progression-associated lncRNAs were identified and their overall accuracy was 0.823 as evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). The accuracies of the lncRNA signature for healthy control, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and HCC were 0.895, 0.711, 0.870, and 0.826, respectively. The 171-lncRNA signature is not only useful for early detection and intervention of HCC, but also helpful for understanding the multistage tumorigenic processes of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheyue Shu
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Yao XQ, Li L, Piao LZ, Zhang GJ, Huang XZ, Wang Y, Liang ZL. Overexpression of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease15 (USP15) Promotes Tumor Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis and Correlated With Poor Disease-Free Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820967455. [PMID: 33267707 PMCID: PMC7720296 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820967455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
USP15 is a member of ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs, the largest subfamily of deubiquitinases) and functions as a stabilize factor of target proteins in reversible ubiquitiantion progression. Dysregulated expression of USP15 has been observed in various cancers. However the expression profile and regulatory mechanism of USP15 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely elusive. To exam the USP15 expression changes in the progression of HCC, we performed IHC analysis to test USP15 expression in a series of cancer-prone diseases including 2 normal liver tissues, 6 liver cirrhosis, 16 primary liver lesions and 15 metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of USP15 was upregulated in various liver diseases in compared with normal tissue significantly (p < 0.05). Although no significant different of USP15 expression were discovered between cirrhotic tissue and primary tissue, its expression in HCC metastatic tissue was upregulated. Subsequently, we test the USP15 expression profile in a cohort of 66 HCC patients. USP15 expression was positively correlated with the recurrence of HCC significantly (p = 0.004). HCC patients with high USP15 expression had shorter disease free survival time in compare with those with low USP15 expression (56.9% VS 26.7%, P = 0.012). Subsequently, Cox multivariate analyses of clinical factors associated with disease free survival were performed and USP15 expression (p = 0.008) together with tumor size (p = 0.034) were proved to be independent predict factors in HCC. Then, we silenced USP15 expression in HCC cells and the results showed that downregulated USP15 expression resulting proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction. In conclusion, our results suppose USP15 to be a potential target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Yao
- Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long-Zhen Piao
- Departments of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jian Zhang
- Departments of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Zhu Huang
- Departments of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Outdo Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Long Liang
- Departments of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanbian, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- Zhe-Long Liang, Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China.
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34
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Yu Q, Wu L, Ji J, Feng J, Dai W, Li J, Wu J, Guo C. Gut Microbiota, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2020; 7:271-288. [PMID: 33150145 PMCID: PMC7605923 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s277870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. HCC incidence rate is sixth and mortality is fourth worldwide. However, HCC pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The incidence of HCC is associated with genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of HCC has attracted researchers’ attention because of anatomical and functional interactions between liver and intestine. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of gut microbiota in the development of HCC and chronic liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cirrhosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of receptors with diverse biological functions. Natural and synthetic PPAR agonists show potential for treatment of NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and HCC. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARs take part in gut microbiota inhabitation and adaptation. This manuscript reviews the role of gut microbiota in the development of HCC and precancerous diseases, the role of PPARs in modulation of gut microbiota and HCC, and potential of gut microbiota for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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35
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Yang TB, Yi F, Liu WF, Yang YH, Yang C, Sun J. Identification of hsa_circ_0039053 as an up-regulated and oncogenic circRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-637-mediated USP21 activation. J Cancer 2020; 11:6950-6959. [PMID: 33123285 PMCID: PMC7591988 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators in tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it is still unclear how hsa_circ_0039053 causes HCC. Herein, hsa_circ_0039053 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. The upregulation of hsa_circ_0039053 was linked to the advanced clinical characteristics of patients. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0039053 decreased the invasion and proliferative ability of tumors in vitro and as well as tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, hsa_circ_0039053 positively regulated USP21 expression through interacting with miR-637. Moreover, overexpression of USP21 or silencing of miR-637 restored the inhibitory impacts of hsa_circ_0039053 silencing on HCC progression. Collectively, our study confirmed that hsa_circ_0039053 could be regarded as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to positively modulate the expression of USP21 combining with miR-637, which provided a potential target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Bao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Fang Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Wei Feng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Yan Hui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
| | - Junjun Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003
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Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase tagging polymorphisms and susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220737. [PMID: 31694048 PMCID: PMC6852349 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism genes may influence the susceptibility to
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we studied
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) tagging
polymorphisms in 584 HCC cases and 923 controls. Polymerase chain reaction was
harnessed to detect MTHFR genotype. Overall, our results showed
that genotype distribution of MTHFR rs4846048 and rs4845882
polymorphisms was not different between HCC patients and controls.
MTHFR rs9651118 and rs1801133 loci were protective factors
for HCC (rs9651118: CT vs. TT: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.67,
95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.90,
P=0.008 and TC/CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.70,
95% CI: 0.53–0.93, P=0.015; rs1801133: GA
vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54–0.97,
P=0.031, AA/GA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.76,
95% CI: 0.57–0.99, P=0.045). However,
MTHFR rs3753584 locus was a candidate for susceptibility to
HCC (CT vs. TT: adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.20–2.32,
P=0.003 and TC/CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 1.59,
95% CI: 1.15–2.20, P=0.005). Results of
haplotype analysis suggested that MTHFR
Grs1801133Trs3753584Grs4845882Ars4846048Trs9651118
was associated with the risk of HCC (OR = 1.55, 95% CI:
1.16–2.07, P=0.003). The power of
our study also confirmed these associations (the value of power >0.80).
In summary, our findings suggested that MTHFR rs3753584,
rs9651118 and rs1801133 polymorphisms may affect the risk of HCC in Chinese Han
population. In future, our findings should be further validated in additional
case–control studies.
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37
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Zhou D, Yang YD, Jin LY, Yang Y, Wang SH, Cai Q, Guan WB, Ma F, Xiong L. Near-Infrared Polymer Dots in the Portal-Hepatic Circulation Achieve Localization of Hepatic Carcinoma In Vivo. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6177-6186. [PMID: 35021750 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to use polymer dots to explore whether they can visualize tumor lesions in a diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. The HCC rat model was set up, and serum liver function indexes and AFP were tested on days 0, 30, 60, and 90 of the modeling process. After characterization of the polymer dots, they were injected into the rats and mice. The liver, spleen, and kidney of rats and the gallbladder of mice were extracted to verify the metabolic pathways of the polymer dots and their capability of fluorescent localization of HCC and gallbladder by fluorescence imaging. Strong fluorescent emission from the liver appeared immediately and 15 min after the polymer dots were injected through the main portal veins and tail veins of the model rats, respectively. A satisfactory fluorescent imaging effect lasted up to 45 min. Polymer dots circulate through the bloodstream within intrahepatic vessels rather than intracellular areas and can be clearly visualized by using both the pCLE and IVIS spectrum imaging systems. Contrast imaging of HCC lesions without fluorescent emissions was due to the lack of normal portal-hepatic veins within the tumor areas. Fluorescent imaging of the gallbladder could also be detected at 15 min after the polymer dots were injected through the tail veins of mice. The polymer dots had satisfactory fluorescent localization capability for targeted intrahepatic vessels and HCC lesions in vivo and showed potential practical value in hepato-biliary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Dian Yang
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. No. 1954 Hua-Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Long Yang Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 26 Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shou Hua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Bin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kong-Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. No. 1954 Hua-Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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RhoA and Rac1 in Liver Cancer Cells: Induction of Overexpression Using Mechanical Stimulation. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080729. [PMID: 32731493 PMCID: PMC7463892 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is an aggressive disease with an extremely high mortality rate. Unfortunately, no promising markers are currently available for the early diagnosis of this disease. Thus, a reliable biomarker reflecting the early behaviour of the tumour will be valuable for diagnosis and treatment. The Ras homologous (Rho) GTPases, which belong to the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins, have been reported to play an important role in mediating liver cancer based on their important function in cytoskeletal reorganisation. These proteins can be either oncogenic or tumour suppressors. They are also associated with the acquirement of malignant features by cancer cells. The overexpression of RhoA and Rac1, members of the Rho GTPases, have been linked with carcinogenesis and the progression of different types of cancer. In the quest of elucidating the role of mechanical stimulation in the mechanobiology of liver cancer cells, this paper evaluates the effect of stretching on the expression levels of RhoA and Rac1 in different types of liver cancers. It is shown that that stretching liver cancer cells significantly increases the expression levels of RhoA and Rac1 in HCC and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. We hypothesise that this relatively simple and sensitive method could be helpful for screening biological features and provide suitable treatment guidance for liver cancer patients.
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Ji XW, Jiang Y, Wu H, Zhou P, Tan YT, Li HL, Zhang L, Zhao WS, Xia QH, Bray F, Xiang YB. Long-term liver cancer incidence and mortality trends in the Changning District of Shanghai, China. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:230-236. [PMID: 32124559 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the trends and estimate the long-term effects of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer (LC) in an urban district of Shanghai, China. METHODS Crude and age-standardized rates of the incidence and mortality of LC were calculated from 1973 to 2013 annually by sex, and the direction and magnitude of the trends were estimated by the average annual percentage change (AAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression Model. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was also used to evaluate the non-linear effects of calendar time and birth cohort on LC incidence and mortality. RESULTS In 1973-1977 and 2008-2013 the age-standardized rates of LC incidence and mortality (per 100 000) were 24.27 and 22.60 in men, and 7.50 and 7.26 in women, respectively. Declining trends of LC incidence and mortality rates were observed for both sexes (AAPC; P < 0.05 for both). The APC models indicated that the rates of LC incidence and mortality were significantly influenced both by calendar time and birth cohort effects. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and mortality rates of LC have decreased in both sexes in the Changning District of Shanghai over the past four decades. Although obvious descending trends of LC incidence and mortality were detected, attention should also be paid to the LC burden for a long time in the future because of huge population size in China and the continuity of population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Ji
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sui Zhao
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hua Xia
- Shanghai Changning District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France
| | - Yong Bing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Hu CL, Du QC, Wang ZX, Pang MQ, Wang YY, Li YY, Zhou Y, Wang HJ, Fan HN. Relationship between platelet-based models and the prognosis of patients with malignant hepatic tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2384-2396. [PMID: 32194738 PMCID: PMC7039130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets (PLTs) are involved in tumor growth, metabolism and vascular activation. PLT-based models have been reported to have significant value on the recurrence of malignant hepatic tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of PLT count and 18 PLT-based models on the prognosis of patients with malignant hepatic tumors. The clinical data from 189 patients with malignant hepatic tumors were retrospectively analyzed and used to calculate the scores of the 18 PLT-based models. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the suitable cut-off values of mortality and recurrence in patients with malignant hepatic tumors. The overall survival and cumulative recurrence rates of patients were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the difference was analyzed using log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors of recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In the present study, 11 models were considered as predictors of mortality (P<0.05) and six models were considered as predictors of recurrence (P<0.05). The results from multivariate analysis demonstrated that vascular cancer embolus, uric acid >231 µmol/l, hemoglobin >144 g/l and the Lok index model >0.695 were considered as independent risk factors of mortality (P<0.05). Furthermore, vascular cancer embolus, PLT to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) >175 and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) >4.82 were independent factors of recurrence (P<0.05). In addition, the results from this study indicated that the Lok-index could be considered as a predictor of the overall survival rate. In conclusion, the FIB-4 and PLR model may be valuable for predicting the recurrence-free rate of patients with malignant hepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Liang Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Cheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Quan Pang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Li
- Department of Medical Record Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jiu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ning Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 81000, P.R. China
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Hassanipour S, Vali M, Gaffari-Fam S, Nikbakht HA, Abdzadeh E, Joukar F, Pourshams A, Shafaghi A, Malakoutikhah M, Arab-Zozani M, Salehiniya H, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:108-130. [PMID: 32038120 PMCID: PMC7003639 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma or Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth cause of death worldwide in 2018. There has not been a comprehensive study on the survival rate of patients with LC in Asia yet. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the survival rate of patients with LC in Asian countries. The methodology of the present study is based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement. The researchers searched five international databases including Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Knowledge and ProQuest until July 1, 2018. We also searched Google Scholar for detecting grey literature. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form was used to evaluate the quality of selected papers. A total of 1425 titles were retrieved. 63 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the random-effect model one-year, three-year and five-year survival rate of LC were 34.8 % (95 % CI; 30.3-39.3), 19 % (95 % CI ; 18.2-21.8) and 18.1 % (95 % CI ;16.1-20.1) respectively. According to the results of our study, the LC survival rate in Asian countries is relatively lower than in Europe and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Hassanipour
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mouhebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saber Gaffari-Fam
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Abdzadeh
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Shafaghi
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malakoutikhah
- Department of Occupational Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Lin J, Jia R, An T, Dong T, Zhang Y, Yang X. Cyclovirobuxine D Exerts Anticancer Effects by Suppressing the EGFR-FAK-AKT/ERK1/2-Slug Signaling Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:355-367. [PMID: 31913706 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, is characterized by a dismal prognosis due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. Thus, the need for the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs is urgent. Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D), a steroidal alkaloid extracted from Buxus microphylla that has been extensively used to relieve the symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, has shown promising antineoplastic effects in recent studies. However, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of CVB-D on HCC remain largely unelucidated. This study experimentally indicated that CVB-D can repress HCC cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in G2 phase and can facilitate apoptosis. In addition, the migratory and invasive capabilities of HCC cells were noticeably attenuated by a nonlethal dose of CVB-D, and this attenuation was correlated with the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, in vivo, CVB-D displayed excellent anticancer effects in HCC tumor-bearing nude mice. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of CVB-D activity, decreased Slug expression was determined to be associated with the aforementioned anti-HCC functions of this extract, which might be regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-associated PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Collectively, our results revealed the suppressive effects of CVB-D on progressive behaviors of HCC, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, in addition to its outstanding proapoptotic effects, which were correlated with the inhibition of the EGFR-FAK-AKT/ERK1/2-Slug signaling pathway. These discoveries provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for the use of CVB-D as a promising candidate for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuwei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruimei Jia
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting An
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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43
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Protective Effects of Garlic and Cinnamon Oils on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Albino Rats. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:9895485. [PMID: 31781479 PMCID: PMC6855081 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9895485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural oils are traditional medicinal herbs, which have attracted interests for its potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The present work is aimed at evaluating the protective effect of garlic oil and cinnamon oil on diethylnitrosamine- (DENA-) and 2-acetylaminofluorene- (2-AAF-) induced p53 gene mutation and hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into 4 equal groups: control, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), garlic oil-HCC, and cinnamon oil-HCC. The HCC-induced group showed a significant decrease in the body mass and a significant elevation in the liver weight, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver enzymes, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and p53 protein expression levels as well as genetic mutations in intron 5 of p53 gene in the form of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions. In addition, the glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased. While HCC rats pretreated with garlic oil or cinnamon oil were significantly reversed, these destructive actions increased GSH and SOD levels. The HCC-induced group showed histopathological features of liver cancer including hypercellularity, nuclear hyperchromasia, mitotic figures, and preneoplastic foci. On the other hand, HCC rats pretreated with garlic oil or cinnamon oil revealed partial reversal of normal liver architecture. The present findings proposed that these natural oils have the ability to improve liver function, significantly reduced the liver toxicity and HCC development. However, further sophisticated studies are recommended before their use as conventional therapeutics for HCC treatment.
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44
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El-Kady DS, Ali NA, Sayed AH, Abdelhaliem MM, Elmegeed GA, Ahmed HH. Assessment of the Antitumor Potentiality of Newly Designed Steroid Derivatives: Pre-Clinical Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3057-3070. [PMID: 31653155 PMCID: PMC6982653 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is recognized as one of the most prevalent contributors to mortality in several nations and it remains one of the common health issues globally. In particular, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a public health problem along with the increase of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections. Based on this fact, our study goaled to synthesize newly hybrid drugs containing heterocyclic rings incorporated to steroid moiety and to examine the potential antitumor activity of the newly designed heterosteroid derivatives against HCC induced in animal model. Several heterocyclic steroids were synthesized 2-7 and confirmed via the analytical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy). Compounds 3, 4, and 5 were chosen to be investigated as anticancer agents in HCC rat model by means of validated biomarkers (alfa –fetoprotein, endoglin, lipocali-2 and heat shock protein-70). Following administration of compounds 3, 4 or 5, availability of the active tumor marker molecules was significantly dropped and a substantial decrease of the angiogenic and inflammatory mediators was also evident. These findings were supported by the histological examination of liver tissue. Taken together, this study indicates the potential anticancer activity of the newly synthesized heterosteroid derivatives against HCC in vivo. The antitumor activity of these compounds was likely attributable to modulating some signal transduction pathways involved in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S El-Kady
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Ali
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College in Al-Qurayyat, Al-Jouf University, KSA
| | - Mervat M Abdelhaliem
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Elmegeed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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45
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Harro CC, Smedley RC, Buchweitz JP, Langlois DK. Hepatic copper and other trace mineral concentrations in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2193-2199. [PMID: 31493348 PMCID: PMC6766484 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor in dogs. Abnormalities in hepatic copper, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations increase risk for HCC development in other species, but trace mineral concentrations have not been evaluated in dogs with HCC. Objectives To investigate hepatic trace mineral concentrations in dogs with HCC. Animals Archived liver specimens from 85 dogs with HCC and 85 control dogs. Methods Retrospective case‐control study. A histopathology database was searched to identify dogs with HCC (test population) and an age‐matched control population. Demographic information was retrieved, and H&E and rhodanine stained slides were reviewed for all cases. Copper, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations were determined in noncancerous liver tissues (test and control population) and in HCC tissues (test population) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results Hepatic copper concentrations (non‐neoplastic hepatic tissue) were greater in test population dogs (median, IQR; 294.9 μg/g, 233.5‐475.9 μg/g) than in control dogs (202.8 μg/g, 135.0‐295.3 μg/g; P < .001). Hepatic zinc concentrations in test (132.1 μg/g,108.6‐163.2 μg/g) and control dogs (151.5 μg/g, 117.1‐184.5 μg/g) also were different (P = .03). Within test population dogs, all trace mineral concentrations were decreased in the HCC tissue as compared to the non‐neoplastic hepatic tissue (all P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Hepatic copper accumulation and other abnormalities in hepatic trace mineral concentrations could be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC in some dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin C Harro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Rebecca C Smedley
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - John P Buchweitz
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel K Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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46
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Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Expected Hepatocarcinoma Cancer Rate Due to Escape Mutant among Local Population in Thailand: The Situation after the Implementation of Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination at Birth. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_228_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis B infection is an etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. The high prevalence of hepatitis B can be seen in several regions including Indochina. In Thailand, a country in Indochina, according to the local public health policies, the universal hepatitis B vaccination is freely given to any infant at birth without charge. Despite the universal vaccination, the hepatitis B seropositive rate is still observed, and it can still be a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma among the hepatitis B carriers in the future. Methods: Here, the authors try to estimate the expected hepatocarcinoma cancer rate due to escape mutant among local population in Thailand, the situation after the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. Results: Based on the present study, the mutant escape contributes to only a few parts of overall estimated cancer cases in the situation that there is an implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. Conclusion: Efficacy of theuniversal hepatitis B vaccination is not improved by specific management on escape mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beuy Joob
- Sanitation 1 Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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47
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Liu B, Chen H, Li W. The combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and thermal ablation versus TACE alone for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- BoZhi Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Cancer Center; Beijing China
| | - Hui Chen
- Capital Medical University; School of Biomedical Engineering; Bejing China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Cancer Center; Beijing China
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48
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DPYD and Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy: Mini Review and Case Report. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050199. [PMID: 31052357 PMCID: PMC6572291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil remains a foundational component of chemotherapy for solid tumour malignancies. While considered a generally safe and effective chemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil has demonstrated severe adverse event rates of up to 30%. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil can improve the precision medicine approaches to this therapy. A single enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), mediates 80% of 5-fluorouracil elimination, through hepatic metabolism. Importantly, it has been known for over 30-years that adverse events during 5-fluorouracil therapy are linked to high systemic exposure, and to those patients who exhibit DPD deficiency. To date, pre-treatment screening for DPD deficiency in patients with planned 5-fluorouracil-based therapy is not a standard of care. Here we provide a focused review of 5-fluorouracil metabolism, and the efforts to improve predictive dosing through screening for DPD deficiency. We also outline the history of key discoveries relating to DPD deficiency and include relevant information on the potential benefit of therapeutic drug monitoring of 5-fluorouracil. Finally, we present a brief case report that highlights a limitation of pharmacogenetics, where we carried out therapeutic drug monitoring of 5-fluorouracil in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient. This case supports the development of robust multimodality precision medicine services, capable of accommodating complex clinical dilemmas.
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Ferreira RG, Cardoso MV, de Souza Furtado KM, Espíndola KMM, Amorim RP, Monteiro MC. Epigenetic alterations caused by aflatoxin b1: a public health risk in the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2019; 204:51-71. [PMID: 30304666 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is currently the most commonly studied mycotoxin due to its great toxicity, its distribution in a wide variety of foods such as grains and cereals and its involvement in the development of + (hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC). HCC is one of the main types of liver cancer, and has become a serious public health problem, due to its high incidence mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa. Studies show that AFB1 acts in synergy with other risk factors such as hepatitis B and C virus leading to the development of HCC through genetic and epigenetic modifications. The genetic modifications begin in the liver through the biomorphic AFB1, the AFB1-exo-8.9-Epoxy active, which interacts with DNA to form adducts of AFB1-DNA. These adducts induce mutation in codon 249, mediated by a transversion of G-T in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, causing HCC. Thus, this review provides an overview of the evidence for AFB1-induced epigenetic alterations and the potential mechanisms involved in the development of HCC, focusing on a critical analysis of the importance of severe legislation in the detection of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseane Guimarães Ferreira
- Neurosciences and Cell Biology Post-Graduation Program, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Magda Vieira Cardoso
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Neurosciences and Cell Biology Post-Graduation Program, Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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50
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Nsokolo B, Kanunga A, Sinkala E, Zyambo K, Kumwenda D, Chama D, Muyinda G, Vinikoor M, Ijaz S, Tedder R, Elmdaah AKA, Jones M, Chiluba C, Mudenda V, Goldin RD, Foster G, Kelly P. Stage of disease in hepatitis B virus infection in Zambian adults is associated with large cell change but not well defined using classic biomarkers. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 111:425-432. [PMID: 29378031 PMCID: PMC5914341 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular malignancy in young adults is a prominent feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in southern Africa. Here we report a cross-sectional study of liver pathology correlated with biomarkers in adults with HBV infection in Zambia. Methods We analysed liver biopsies from Zambian patients with persistent HBV infection. Results We analysed 104 patients with HBV infection and evidence of liver disease. We obtained liver biopsies from 53 adults; of these, 12 (23%) were hepatitis B e antigen seropositive. The genotype was evenly distributed between A and E. One biopsy showed malignancy. Stage was 3 or more in 11 of 52 (21%) biopsies free of malignancy and lobular inflammation was found in 50 (94%). Neither alanine aminotransferase (ALT) nor the γ-glutamyl transferase:platelet ratio (GPR) were correlated with the stage of disease but were correlated with total Ishak score (ρ=0.47, p=0.0004 and ρ=0.33, p=0.02, respectively). Large cell change was observed in 10 of 11 biopsies with fibrosis stage 3 or more and 16 of 41 with early disease (p=0.005). Serum α-fetoprotein was elevated, although still within the normal range, in patients with large cell change (median 3.6 [interquartile range {IQR} 1.6–5.1]) compared with those without (1.7 [IQR 1.0–2.8]; p=0.03). Neither ALT nor GPR predicted large cell change. Conclusions Large cell change was common in young HBV-infected adults in Zambia. Only serum α-fetoprotein was identified as a biomarker of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Nsokolo
- TROPGAN, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Anne Kanunga
- TROPGAN, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Edford Sinkala
- TROPGAN, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- TROPGAN, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Dia Kumwenda
- Zambia National Blood Transfusion Service, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - David Chama
- Zambia National Blood Transfusion Service, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gabriel Muyinda
- Zambia National Blood Transfusion Service, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Samreen Ijaz
- Blood-Borne Virus Unit, Microbiology Services, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - Richard Tedder
- Blood-Borne Virus Unit, Microbiology Services, Public Health England, Colindale, UK
| | - Ali Khalifa A Elmdaah
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Meleri Jones
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Clarence Chiluba
- TROPGAN, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Victor Mudenda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Foster
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- TROPGAN, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.,Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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