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Georgakopoulou VE, Sklapani P, Trakas N, Reiter RJ, Spandidos DA. Exploring the association between melatonin and nicotine dependence (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:82. [PMID: 39092582 PMCID: PMC11315657 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the addictive qualities of tobacco products and the compulsive craving and dependence associated with their use, nicotine dependence continues to be a serious public health concern on a global scale. Despite awareness of the associated health risks, nicotine addiction contributes to numerous acute and chronic medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders and cancer. The nocturnal secretion of pineal melatonin, known as the 'hormone of darkness', influences circadian rhythms and is implicated in addiction‑related behaviors. Melatonin receptors are found throughout the brain, influencing dopaminergic neurotransmission and potentially attenuating nicotine‑seeking behavior. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of melatonin may mitigate oxidative stress from chronic nicotine exposure, reducing cellular damage and lowering the risk of nicotine‑related health issues. In addition to its effects on circadian rhythmicity, melatonin acting via specific neural receptors influences sleep and mood, and provides neuroprotection. Disruptions in melatonin signaling may contribute to sleep disturbances and mood disorders, highlighting the potential therapeutic role of melatonin in addiction and psychiatric conditions. Melatonin may influence neurotransmitter systems involved in addiction, such as the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic and endogenous opioid systems. Preclinical studies suggest the potential of melatonin in modulating reward processing, attenuating drug‑induced hyperactivity and reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms. Chronotherapeutic approaches targeting circadian rhythms and melatonin signaling show promise in smoking cessation interventions. Melatonin supplementation during periods of heightened nicotine cravings may alleviate withdrawal symptoms and reduce the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Further research is required however, to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the melatonin‑nicotine association and the optimization of therapeutic interventions. Challenges include variability in individual responses to melatonin, optimal dosing regimens and identifying biomarkers of treatment response. Understanding these complexities could lead to personalized treatment strategies and improve smoking cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pagona Sklapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sismanogleio Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Kahvandi N, Ebrahimi Z, Sharifi M, Karimi SA, Shahidi S, Salehi I, Haddadi R, Sarihi A. S-3,4-DCPG, a potent orthosteric agonist for the mGlu8 receptor, facilitates extinction and inhibits the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173772. [PMID: 38653345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The limbic system, particularly the NAc, shows a high concentration of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Recent evidence suggests the significant involvement of mGluRs in mental disorders, including substance abuse and addiction. The objective of this study was to examine the involvement of mGlu8 receptors in the NAc in the mechanisms underlying the extinction and reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine. Male Wistar rats underwent surgical implantation of bilateral cannulas in the NAc and were assessed in a CPP protocol. In study 1 at the same time as the extinction phase, the rats were given varying doses of S-3,4-DCPG (0.03, 0.3, and 3 μg/0.5 μl). In study 2, rats that had undergone CPP extinction were given S-3,4-DCPG (0.03, 0.3, and 3 μg/0.5 μl) five minutes prior to receiving a subthreshold dose of morphine (1 mg/kg) in order to reactivate the previously extinguished morphine response. The findings demonstrated that administering S-3,4-DCPG directly into the accumbens nucleus resulted in a decrease in the duration of the CPP extinction phase. Moreover, dose-dependent administration of S-3,4-DCPG into the NAc inhibited CPP reinstatement. The observations imply that microinjection of S-3,4-DCPG as a potent orthosteric agonist with high selectivity for the mGlu8 receptor into the NAc promotes the process of extinction while concurrently exerting inhibitory effects on the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP. This effect may be associated with the modulation of glutamate engagement within the NAc and the plasticity of reward pathways at the synaptic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Kahvandi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharifi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Mews P, Sosnick L, Gurung A, Sidoli S, Nestler EJ. Decoding cocaine-induced proteomic adaptations in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadl4738. [PMID: 38626009 PMCID: PMC11170322 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adl4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition that results from enduring cellular and molecular adaptations. Among substance use disorders, CUD is notable for its rising prevalence and the lack of approved pharmacotherapies. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region that is integral to the brain's reward circuitry, plays a crucial role in the initiation and continuation of maladaptive behaviors that are intrinsic to CUD. Leveraging advancements in neuroproteomics, we undertook a proteomic analysis that spanned membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and chromatin compartments of the NAc in a mouse model. The results unveiled immediate and sustained proteomic modifications after cocaine exposure and during prolonged withdrawal. We identified congruent protein regulatory patterns during initial cocaine exposure and reexposure after withdrawal, which contrasted with distinct patterns during withdrawal. Pronounced proteomic shifts within the membrane compartment indicated adaptive and long-lasting molecular responses prompted by cocaine withdrawal. In addition, we identified potential protein translocation events between soluble-nuclear and chromatin-bound compartments, thus providing insight into intracellular protein dynamics after cocaine exposure. Together, our findings illuminate the intricate proteomic landscape that is altered in the NAc by cocaine use and provide a dataset for future research toward potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mews
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lucas Sosnick
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashik Gurung
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Mirmohammadi M, Eskandari K, Koruji M, Shabani R, Ahadi R, Haghparast A. Intra-Accumbal D1- But not D2-Like Dopamine Receptor Antagonism Reverses the Inhibitory Effects of Cannabidiol on Extinction and Reinstatement of Methamphetamine Seeking Behavior in Rats. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:89-110. [PMID: 36048545 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant that facilitates dopamine transmission to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), resulting in alterations in the mesocorticolimbic brain regions. Cannabidiol (CBD) is considered the second most abundant component of cannabis and is believed to decrease the METH effects. Reversing psychostimulant-induced abnormalities in the mesolimbic dopamine system is the main mechanism for this effect. Various other mechanisms have been proposed: increasing endocannabinoid system activity and modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurons in NAc. However, the exact CBD action mechanisms in reducing drug addiction and relapse vulnerability remain unclear. Methods and Results: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administrating 5, 10, and 50 μg/5 μL CBD solutions on the extinction period and reinstatement phase of a METH-induced conditioned place preference. This research also aimed to examine the NAc D1-like dopamine receptor (D1R) and D2-like dopamine receptor (D2R) roles in the effects of CBD on these phases, as mentioned earlier, using SCH23390 and sulpiride microinjections as an antagonist of D1R and D2R. The obtained results showed that microinjection of CBD (10 and 50 μg/5 μL, ICV) suppressed the METH-induced reinstatement and significantly decreased mean extinction latency in treated groups compared to both vehicles and/or untreated control groups. In addition, the results demonstrated that administrating intra-accumbal SCH23390 (1 and 4 μg/0.5 μL saline) reversed the inhibitory effects of CBD on extinction and reinstatement phases while different doses of sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.5 μL; dimethyl sulfoxide 12%) could not alter the CBD effects. Conclusions: In summary, this study showed that CBD made shorter extinction latencies and suppressed the METH reinstatement, in part, by interacting with D1R but not D2R in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Mirmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Eskandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Knouse MC, Deutschmann AU, Nenov MN, Wimmer ME, Briand LA. Sex differences in pre- and post-synaptic glutamate signaling in the nucleus accumbens core. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:52. [PMID: 37596655 PMCID: PMC10439632 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate signaling within the nucleus accumbens underlies motivated behavior and is involved in psychiatric disease. Although behavioral sex differences in these processes are well-established, the neural mechanisms driving these differences are largely unexplored. In these studies, we examine potential sex differences in synaptic plasticity and excitatory transmission within the nucleus accumbens core. Further understanding of baseline sex differences in reward circuitry will shed light on potential mechanisms driving behavioral differences in motivated behavior and psychiatric disease. METHODS Behaviorally naïve adult male and female Long-Evans rats, C57Bl/6J mice, and constitutive PKMζ knockout mice were killed and tissue containing the nucleus accumbens core was collected for ex vivo slice electrophysiology experiments. Electrophysiology recordings examined baseline sex differences in synaptic plasticity and transmission within this region and the potential role of PKMζ in long-term depression. RESULTS Within the nucleus accumbens core, both female mice and rats exhibit higher AMPA/NMDA ratios compared to male animals. Further, female mice have a larger readily releasable pool of glutamate and lower release probability compared to male mice. No significant sex differences were detected in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current amplitude or frequency. Finally, the threshold for induction of long-term depression was lower for male animals than females, an effect that appears to be mediated, in part, by PKMζ. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there are baseline sex differences in synaptic plasticity and excitatory transmission in the nucleus accumbens core. Our data suggest there are sex differences at multiple levels in this region that should be considered in the development of pharmacotherapies to treat psychiatric illnesses such as depression and substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Knouse
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Andre U Deutschmann
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
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Valeri J, Gisabella B, Pantazopoulos H. Dynamic regulation of the extracellular matrix in reward memory processes: a question of time. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1208974. [PMID: 37396928 PMCID: PMC10311570 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1208974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a global health problem with increasing prevalence resulting in significant socioeconomic burden and increased mortality. Converging lines of evidence point to a critical role of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. An increasing number of preclinical studies highlight the ECM as a promising target for development of novel cessation pharmacotherapies. The brain ECM is dynamically regulated during learning and memory processes, thus the time course of ECM alterations in substance use disorders is a critical factor that may impact interpretation of the current studies and development of pharmacological therapies. This review highlights the evidence for the involvement of ECM molecules in reward learning, including drug reward and natural reward such as food, as well as evidence regarding the pathophysiological state of the brain's ECM in substance use disorders and metabolic disorders. We focus on the information regarding time-course and substance specific changes in ECM molecules and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Towers EB, Williams IL, Qillawala EI, Rissman EF, Lynch WJ. Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:217-249. [PMID: 36781217 PMCID: PMC9969523 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the most commonly cited examples being the "telescoping effect" where women meet criteria and/or seek treatment of substance use disorder (SUD) after fewer years of drug use as compared with men. This phenomenon has been reported for multiple drug classes including opioids, psychostimulants, alcohol, and cannabis, as well as nonpharmacological addictions, such as gambling. However, there are some inconsistent reports that show either no difference between men and women or opposite effects and a faster course to addiction in men than women. Thus, the goals of this review are to evaluate evidence for and against the telescoping effect in women and to determine the conditions/populations for which the telescoping effect is most relevant. We also discuss evidence from preclinical studies, which strongly support the validity of the telescoping effect and show that female animals develop addiction-like features (e.g., compulsive drug use, an enhanced motivation for the drug, and enhanced drug-craving/vulnerability to relapse) more readily than male animals. We also discuss biologic factors that may contribute to the telescoping effect, such as ovarian hormones, and its neurobiological basis focusing on the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway and the corticomesolimbic glutamatergic pathway considering the critical roles these pathways play in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of addictive drugs and SUD. We conclude with future research directions, including intervention strategies to prevent the development of SUD in women. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: One of the most widely cited gender/sex differences in substance use disorder (SUD) is the "telescoping effect," which reflects an accelerated course in women versus men for the development and/or seeking treatment for SUD. This review evaluates evidence for and against a telescoping effect drawing upon data from both clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss the contribution of biological factors and underlying neurobiological mechanisms and highlight potential targets to prevent the development of SUD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Ivy L Williams
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Emaan I Qillawala
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Emilie F Rissman
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
| | - Wendy J Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences (E.B.T., I.L.W., E.I.Q., W.J.L.) and Medical Scientist Training Program (E.B.T.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, and Center for Human Health and the Environment and Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (E.F.R.)
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Ahmadi S, Mohammadi Talvar S, Masoudi K, Zobeiri M. Repeated Use of Morphine Induces Anxiety by Affecting a Proinflammatory Cytokine Signaling Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1425-1439. [PMID: 36450935 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory cytokine signaling pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in anxiety-like behaviors after repeated use of morphine. Morphine (10 mg/kg) was used twice daily for 8 days to induce morphine dependence in male Wistar rats. On day 8, opioid dependence was confirmed by measuring naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs. On days 1 and 8, anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using a light/dark box test. Expression of TLR1 and 4, proinflammatory cytokines, and some of the downstream signaling molecules was also evaluated in the bilateral PFC at mRNA and protein levels following morphine dependence. The results revealed that morphine caused anxiolytic-like effects on day 1 while induced anxiety following 8 days of repeated injection. On day 8, a significant decrease in TLR1 expression was detected in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats, but TLR4 remained unaffected. Repeated morphine injection significantly increased IL1-β, TNFα, and IL6 expression, but decreased IL1R and TNFR at mRNA and protein levels except for IL6R at the protein level in the PFC. The p38α mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase expression significantly increased but the JNK3 expression decreased in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats. Repeated injection of morphine also significantly increased the NF-κB expression in the PFC. Further, significant increases in Let-7c, mir-133b, and mir-365 were detected in the PFC in morphine-dependent rats. We conclude that TLR1 and proinflammatory cytokines signaling pathways in the PFC are associated with the anxiogenic-like effects of morphine following its chronic use in rats via a MAP kinase/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Shiva Mohammadi Talvar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kayvan Masoudi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zobeiri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
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Chen H, Chen L, Yuan Z, Yuan J, Li Y, Xu Y, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang G, Li J. Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 in D1- and D2-dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons differentially regulates cocaine acquisition, reinstatement, and associated spine plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:979078. [PMID: 36406750 PMCID: PMC9669444 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.979078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in the expression of cocaine addictive phenotypes, including acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement. In the NAc, D1-medium spiny neurons (MSNs) encode cocaine reward, whereas D2-MSNs encode aversive responses in drug addiction. Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) is known to be associated with cocaine addiction, but the role of GRIP1 in D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs of the NAc in cocaine acquisition and reinstatement remains unknown. METHODS A conditioned place preference apparatus was used to establish cocaine acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement in mouse models. GRIP1 expression was evaluated using Western blotting. Furthermore, GRIP1-siRNA and GRIP1 overexpression lentivirus were used to interfere with GRIP1 in the NAc. After the behavioral test, green fluorescent protein immunostaining of brain slices was used to detect spine density. RESULTS GRIP1 expression decreased during cocaine acquisition and reinstatement. GRIP1-siRNA enhanced cocaine-induced CPP behavior in acquisition and reinstatement and regulated associated spine plasticity. Importantly, the decreased GRIP1 expression that mediated cocaine acquisition and reinstatement was mainly driven by the interference of the GRIP1-GluA2 interaction in D1-MSNs and could be blocked by the interference of the GRIP1-GluA2 interaction in D2-MSNs. Interference with the GRIP1-GluA2 interaction in D1- and D2-MSNs decreased spine density in D1- and D2-MSNs, respectively. CONCLUSION GRIP1 in D1- and D2-MSNs of the NAc differentially modulates cocaine acquisition and reinstatement. GRIP1 downregulation in D1-MSNs has a positive effect on cocaine acquisition and reinstatement, while GRIP1 downregulation in D2-MSNs has a negative effect. Additionally, GRIP1 downregulation in D1-MSNs plays a leading role in cocaine acquisition and reinstatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuesi Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Pediatric Center of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Jensen KL, Jensen SB, Madsen KL. A mechanistic overview of approaches for the treatment of psychostimulant dependence. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854176. [PMID: 36160447 PMCID: PMC9493975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorder is a major health issue around the world with enormous individual, family-related and societal consequences, yet there are no effective pharmacological treatments available. In this review, a target-based overview of pharmacological treatments toward psychostimulant addiction will be presented. We will go through therapeutic approaches targeting different aspects of psychostimulant addiction with focus on three major areas; 1) drugs targeting signalling, and metabolism of the dopamine system, 2) drugs targeting either AMPA receptors or metabotropic glutamate receptors of the glutamate system and 3) drugs targeting the severe side-effects of quitting long-term psychostimulant use. For each of these major modes of intervention, findings from pre-clinical studies in rodents to clinical trials in humans will be listed, and future perspectives of the different treatment strategies as well as their potential side-effects will be discussed. Pharmaceuticals modulating the dopamine system, such as antipsychotics, DAT-inhibitors, and disulfiram, have shown some promising results. Cognitive enhancers have been found to increase aspects of behavioural control, and drugs targeting the glutamate system such as modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors and AMPA receptors have provided interesting changes in relapse behaviour. Furthermore, CRF-antagonists directed toward alleviating the symptoms of the withdrawal stage have been examined with interesting resulting changes in behaviour. There are promising results investigating therapeutics for psychostimulant addiction, but further preclinical work and additional human studies with a more stratified patient selection are needed to prove sufficient evidence of efficacy and tolerability.
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Liu CH, Chen MY, Cheng J, Chuang TN, Liu HP, Lin WY. Imidacloprid Impairs Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity and Desensitizes Mechanosensitive, Nociceptive, and Photogenic Response of Drosophila melanogaster by Mediating Oxidative Stress, Which Could Be Rescued by Osthole. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710181. [PMID: 36077576 PMCID: PMC9456553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Imidacloprid (IMD) is a widely used neonicotinoid-targeting insect nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, off-target effects raise environmental concerns, including the IMD’s impairment of the memory of honeybees and rodents. Although the down-regulation of inotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) was proposed as the cause, whether IMD directly manipulates the activation or inhibition of iGluR is unknown. Using electrophysiological recording on fruit fly neuromuscular junction (NMJ), we found that IMD of 0.125 and 12.5 mg/L did not activate glutamate receptors nor inhibit the glutamate-triggered depolarization of the glutamatergic synapse. However, chronic IMD treatment attenuated short-term facilitation (STF) of NMJ by more than 20%. Moreover, by behavioral assays, we found that IMD desensitized the fruit flies’ response to mechanosensitive, nociceptive, and photogenic stimuli. Finally, the treatment of the antioxidant osthole rescued the chronic IMD-induced phenotypes. We clarified that IMD is neither agonist nor antagonist of glutamate receptors, but chronic treatment with environmental-relevant concentrations impairs glutamatergic plasticity of the NMJ of fruit flies and interferes with the sensory response by mediating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Hsiu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jack Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ni Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-P.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-P.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
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12
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Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH. BDNF Therapeutic Mechanisms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158417. [PMID: 35955546 PMCID: PMC9368938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain and functions as both a primary neurotrophic signal and a neuromodulator. It serves essential roles in neuronal development, maintenance, transmission, and plasticity, thereby influencing aging, cognition, and behavior. Accumulating evidence associates reduced central and peripheral BDNF levels with various neuropsychiatric disorders, supporting its potential utilization as a biomarker of central pathologies. Subsequently, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate restoring, or otherwise augmenting, BDNF transmission as a potential therapeutic approach. Promising results were indeed observed for genetic BDNF upregulation or exogenous administration using a multitude of murine models of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, varying mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the observed therapeutic effects, and many findings indicate the engagement of disease-specific and other non-specific mechanisms. This is because BDNF essentially affects all aspects of neuronal cellular function through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling, the disruptions of which vary between brain regions across different pathologies leading to diversified consequences on cognition and behavior. Herein, we review the neurophysiology of BDNF transmission and signaling and classify the converging and diverging molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potentials in neuropsychiatric disorders. These include neuroprotection, synaptic maintenance, immunomodulation, plasticity facilitation, secondary neuromodulation, and preservation of neurovascular unit integrity and cellular viability. Lastly, we discuss several findings suggesting BDNF as a common mediator of the therapeutic actions of centrally acting pharmacological agents used in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Firas H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine;
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13
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Orsolini L, Salvi V, Volpe U. Craving and addictive potential of esketamine as side effects? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2022; 21:803-812. [PMID: 35509224 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esketamine was approved for adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, and for treating depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. However, evidence of great efficacy and safety of esketamine is accompanied by a widespread concern regarding its addictive potential. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive review on the craving and addictive potential of ketamine and esketamine was carried out. In addition, a clinical case of a 34-year-old TRD woman treated with esketamine who experienced drug-seeking behaviors and craving symptomatology was described and critically discussed, with a particular focus on treatment strategies to manage craving in the short- and long term. EXPERT OPINION Esketamine showed great efficacy and safety in treating TRD and MDD with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. Our clinical experience demonstrated the presence of an additive potential, which has been favorably managed with slow esketamine de-titration and combination with bupropion. However, literature so far published is scant and shows contradictory findings. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly detect and manage craving symptomatology in esketamine-treated TRD patients. In our experience, the use of bupropion to counteract craving and addictive symptoms was proven to be effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Virginio Salvi
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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14
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Zhao XP, Li H, Dai RP. Neuroimmune crosstalk through brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its precursor pro-BDNF: New insights into mood disorders. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:379-392. [PMID: 35433323 PMCID: PMC8968497 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are the most common mental disorders, affecting approximately 350 million people globally. Recent studies have shown that neuroimmune interaction regulates mood disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its precursor pro-BDNF, are involved in the neuroimmune crosstalk during the development of mood disorders. BDNF is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders especially in antidepressant pharmacotherapy. In this review, we describe the functions of BDNF/pro-BDNF signaling in the central nervous system in the context of mood disorders. In addition, we summarize the developments for BDNF and pro-BDNF functions in mood disorders. This review aims to provide new insights into the impact of neuroimmune interaction on mood disorders and reveal a new basis for further development of diagnostic targets and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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15
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Blum K, Steinberg B, Gondre-Lewis MC, Baron D, Modestino EJ, Badgaiyan RD, Downs BW, Bagchi D, Brewer R, McLaughlin T, Bowirrat A, Gold M. A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing "Precision Behavioral Management". Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:2115-2134. [PMID: 34949945 PMCID: PMC8691196 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s292958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a review of research on "Precision Behavioral Management" of substance use disorder (SUD). America is experiencing a high prevalence of substance use disorder, primarily involving legal and illegal opioid use. A 3000% increase in treatment for substance abuse has occurred between 2000 and 2016. Unfortunately, present day treatment of opioid abuse involves providing replacement therapy with powerful opioids to, at best, induce harm reduction, not prophylaxis. These interventions do not enhance gene expression and restore the balance of the brain reward system's neurotransmitters. We are proposing a generalized approach called "Precision Behavioral Management". This approach includes 1) using the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS, a 10 candidate polymorphic gene panel shown to predict ASI-alcohol and drug severity) to assess early pre-disposition to substance use disorder; 2) using a validated reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) questionnaire; 3) utilization of the Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Drugs (CARD™) to assess treatment compliance and abstinence from illicit drugs during treatment, and, importantly; 4) utilization of a "Pro-dopamine regulator (KB220)" (via IV or oral [KB220Z] delivery systems) to optimize gene expression, restore the balance of the Brain Reward Cascade's neurotransmitter systems and prevent relapse by induction of dopamine homeostasis, and; 5) utilization of targeted DNA polymorphic reward genes to direct mRNA genetic expression profiling during the treatment process. Incorporation of these events can be applied to not only the under-considered African-American RDS community, but all victims of RDS, as a demonstration of a paradigm shift that uniquely provides a novel putative "standard of care" based on DNA guided precision nutrition therapy to induce "dopamine homeostasis" and rebalance neurotransmitters in the Brain Reward Cascade. We are also developing a Reward Deficiency Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria (RDSDC) to assist in potential tertiary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care, Division of Addiction Research & Education, Graduate College, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH (IE), USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Marjorie C Gondre-Lewis
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Baron
- Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care, Division of Addiction Research & Education, Graduate College, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B William Downs
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Harleysville, PA, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Harleysville, PA, USA
| | - Raymond Brewer
- Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thomas McLaughlin
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Medicine, Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Adelson School of Medicine & Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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16
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Wang XF, Xiao HH, Wu YT, Kong L, Chen JC, Yang JX, Hu XL. Active constituent of Polygala tenuifolia attenuates cognitive deficits by rescuing hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:267. [PMID: 34696749 PMCID: PMC8543956 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide, and there is still no satisfactory drug or therapeutic strategy. Polygala tenuifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple neuroprotective effects. In present study, we investigated the effects of three active constituents [3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (DISS), onjisaponin B (OB) and tenuifolin (TEN)] of Polygala tenuifolia (PT) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to identify the potential active constituent of PT promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS NSCs were isolated from hippocampi of newborn C57BL/6 mice, and transfected with mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene to establish an AD cell model (APP-NSCs). 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were performed, and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were assessed by neurosphere formation assay, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were administrated with the potential active constituent DISS for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM), Nissl staining assay and IF staining assays were carried out to evaluate the cognitive function, neural damages and hippocampal neurogenesis, respectively. RESULTS DISS exerted the optimal ability to strengthen APP-NSCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation, followed by OB and TEN. Furthermore, DISS treatment for 4 weeks strikingly rescued the cognitive deficits, neuronal injures, and neurogenesis disorder in adult APP/PS1 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that DISS is the constituent of PT that triggers the most potent increase of hippocampal neurogenesis in our mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Center for Neuromedicine of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Cong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-le Hu
- Center for Neuromedicine of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116033, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Beacher NJ, Washington KA, Werner CT, Zhang Y, Barbera G, Li Y, Lin DT. Circuit Investigation of Social Interaction and Substance Use Disorder Using Miniscopes. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:762441. [PMID: 34675782 PMCID: PMC8523886 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.762441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is comorbid with devastating health issues, social withdrawal, and isolation. Successful clinical treatments for SUD have used social interventions. Neurons can encode drug cues, and drug cues can trigger relapse. It is important to study how the activity in circuits and embedded cell types that encode drug cues develop in SUD. Exploring shared neurobiology between social interaction (SI) and SUD may explain why humans with access to social treatments still experience relapse. However, circuitry remains poorly characterized due to technical challenges in studying the complicated nature of SI and SUD. To understand the neural correlates of SI and SUD, it is important to: (1) identify cell types and circuits associated with SI and SUD, (2) record and manipulate neural activity encoding drug and social rewards over time, (3) monitor unrestrained animal behavior that allows reliable drug self-administration (SA) and SI. Miniaturized fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) are ideally suited to meet these requirements. They can be used with gradient index (GRIN) lenses to image from deep brain structures implicated in SUD. Miniscopes can be combined with genetically encoded reporters to extract cell-type specific information. In this mini-review, we explore how miniscopes can be leveraged to uncover neural components of SI and SUD and advance potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Beacher
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kayden A. Washington
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Craig T. Werner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Giovanni Barbera
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Topiramate-chitosan nanoparticles prevent morphine reinstatement with no memory impairment: Dopaminergic and glutamatergic molecular aspects in rats. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105157. [PMID: 34390773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides their clinical application, chronic misuse of opioids has often been associated to drug addiction due to their addictive properties, underlying neuroadaptations of AMPA glutamate-receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. Topiramate (TPM), an AMPAR antagonist, has been used to treat psychostimulants addiction, despite its harmful effects on memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel topiramate nanosystem on molecular changes related to morphine reinstatement. Rats were previously exposed to morphine in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and treated with topiramate-chitosan nanoparticles (TPM-CS-NP) or non-encapsulated topiramate in solution (S-TPM) during CPP extinction; following memory performance evaluation, they were re-exposed to morphine reinstatement. While morphine-CPP extinction was comparable among all experimental groups, TPM-CS-NP treatment prevented morphine reinstatement, preserving memory performance, which was impaired by both morphine-conditioning and S-TPM treatment. In the NAc, morphine increased D1R, D2R, D3R, DAT, GluA1 and MOR immunoreactivity. It also increased D1R, DAT, GluA1 and MOR in the dorsal hippocampus. TPM-CS-NP treatment decreased D1R, D3R and GluA1 and increased DAT in the NAc, decreasing GluA1 and increasing D2 and DAT in the dorsal hippocampus. Taken together, we may infer that TPM-CS-NP treatment was able to prevent the morphine reinstatement without memory impairment. Therefore, TPM-CS-NP may be considered an innovative therapeutic tool due to its property to prevent opioid reinstatement because it acts modifying both dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, which are commonly related to morphine addiction.
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19
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Accumbens Cholinergic Interneurons Mediate Cue-Induced Nicotine Seeking and Associated Glutamatergic Plasticity. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0276-20.2020. [PMID: 33239269 PMCID: PMC7890519 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0276-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the primary addictive substance in tobacco, is widely abused. Relapse to cues associated with nicotine results in increased glutamate release within nucleus accumbens core (NAcore), modifying synaptic plasticity of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which contributes to reinstatement of nicotine seeking. However, the role of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the NAcore in mediating these neurobehavioral processes is unknown. ChIs represent less than 1% of the accumbens neuronal population and are activated during drug seeking and reward-predicting events. Thus, we hypothesized that ChIs may play a significant role in mediating glutamatergic plasticity that underlies nicotine-seeking behavior. Using chemogenetics in transgenic rats expressing Cre under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter, ChIs were bidirectionally manipulated before cue-induced reinstatement. Following nicotine self-administration and extinction, ChIs were activated or inhibited before a cue reinstatement session. Following reinstatement, whole-cell electrophysiology from NAcore MSNs was used to assess changes in plasticity, measured via AMPA/NMDA (A/N) ratios. Chemogenetic inhibition of ChIs inhibited cued nicotine seeking and resulted in decreased A/N, relative to control animals, whereas activation of ChIs was unaltered, demonstrating that ChI inhibition may modulate plasticity underlying cue-induced nicotine seeking. These results demonstrate that ChI neurons play an important role in mediating cue-induced nicotine reinstatement and underlying synaptic plasticity within the NAcore.
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20
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Yang X, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Gao F, Yang J, Yang Z, Yan C. Dynamic Changes of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins Within Reward-Related Brain Regions in Morphine-Associated Memory. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:626348. [PMID: 33584180 PMCID: PMC7876246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.626348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced memory engages complex and dynamic processes and is coordinated at multiple reward-related brain regions. The spatiotemporal molecular mechanisms underlying different addiction phases remain unknown. We investigated the role of β-actin, as well as its potential modulatory protein activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), in reward-related associative learning and memory using morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. CPP was established by alternate morphine (10 mg/kg) injections and extinguished after a 10-day extinction training, while the withdrawal group failed to extinguish without training. In the nucleus accumbens (NAc), morphine enhanced the level of β-actin and Arc only during extinction, while p-ERK1/2 was increased during both CPP acquisition and extinction phases. In the dorsal hippocampus, morphine induced an upregulation of p-ERK only during extinction, while p-β-actin was elevated during both CPP establishment and extinction. In the dorsal hippocampus, Arc was elevated during CPP formation and suppressed during extinction. Compared with the NAc and dorsal hippocampus, dynamic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and caudate putamen (CPu) were not very significant. These results suggested region-specific changes of p-β-actin, Arc/Arg3.1, and p-ERK1/2 protein during establishment and extinction phases of morphine-induced CPP. These findings unveiled a spatiotemporal molecular regulation in opiate-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yichong Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Vornholt E, Drake J, Mamdani M, McMichael G, Taylor ZN, Bacanu SA, Miles MF, Vladimirov VI. Network preservation reveals shared and unique biological processes associated with chronic alcohol abuse in NAc and PFC. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243857. [PMID: 33332381 PMCID: PMC7745987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse has been linked to the disruption of executive function and allostatic conditioning of reward response dysregulation in the mesocorticolimbic pathway (MCL). Here, we analyzed genome-wide mRNA and miRNA expression from matched cases with alcohol dependence (AD) and controls (n = 35) via gene network analysis to identify unique and shared biological processes dysregulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). We further investigated potential mRNA/miRNA interactions at the network and individual gene expression levels to identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying AD in the brain. By using genotyped and imputed SNP data, we identified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) uncovering potential genetic regulatory elements for gene networks associated with AD. At a Bonferroni corrected p≤0.05, we identified significant mRNA (NAc = 6; PFC = 3) and miRNA (NAc = 3; PFC = 2) AD modules. The gene-set enrichment analyses revealed modules preserved between PFC and NAc to be enriched for immune response processes, whereas genes involved in cellular morphogenesis/localization and cilia-based cell projection were enriched in NAc modules only. At a Bonferroni corrected p≤0.05, we identified significant mRNA/miRNA network module correlations (NAc = 6; PFC = 4), which at an individual transcript level implicated miR-449a/b as potential regulators for cellular morphogenesis/localization in NAc. Finally, we identified eQTLs (NAc: mRNA = 37, miRNA = 9; PFC: mRNA = 17, miRNA = 16) which potentially mediate alcohol's effect in a brain region-specific manner. Our study highlights the neurotoxic effects of chronic alcohol abuse as well as brain region specific molecular changes that may impact the development of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vornholt
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John Drake
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Mamdani
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gowon McMichael
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zachary N. Taylor
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU-Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vladimir I. Vladimirov
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Effects of 3-Month Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols on Glutamatergic Receptors and Transporters in Mesolimbic Brain Regions of Female C57BL/6 Mice. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8040095. [PMID: 33137879 PMCID: PMC7712012 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use has been dramatically increased recently, especially among youths. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that chronic exposure to e-cigs, containing 24 mg/mL nicotine, was associated with dysregulation of glutamate transporters and neurotransmitter levels in the brain of a mouse model. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three months’ continuous exposure to e-cig vapor (JUUL pods), containing a high nicotine concentration, on the expression of glutamate receptors and transporters in drug reward brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core (NAc-core), NAc shell (NAc-shell) and hippocampus (HIP) in female C57BL/6 mice. Three months’ exposure to mint- or mango-flavored JUUL (containing 5% nicotine, 59 mg/mL) induced upregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (phosphorylated and total PSD95) expression, and downregulation of mGluR5 and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the NAc-shell. In addition, three months’ exposure to JUUL was associated with upregulation of mGluR5 and GLT-1 expression in the HIP. These findings demonstrated that three-month exposure to e-cig vapor containing high nicotine concentrations induced differential effects on the glutamatergic system in the NAc and HIP, suggesting dysregulation of glutamatergic system activity in mesolimbic brain regions.
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Bakhtazad A, Vousooghi N, Nasehi M, Sanadgol N, Garmabi B, Zarrindast MR. The effect of microinjection of CART 55-102 into the nucleus accumbens shell on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor. Peptides 2020; 129:170319. [PMID: 32335205 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The addictive properties of opioids may be mediated to some extent by cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the reward pathway. Moreover, some claims CART interacts with the glutamate system. Here, we evaluated whether intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell infusions of CART induces Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) or Conditioned Place Aversion (CPA) and affects morphine reward. We also measured NR1 subunit expressions of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in various parts of the reward pathway (NAc, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) after conditioning tests. Animals with bilateral intra-NAc shell cannulas were place-conditioned with several doses of subcutaneous morphine prior to intra-NAc shell infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed a dose-dependent increase in the NR1 expression in all examined parts. When rats were conditioned with intra-NAc shell infusions of CART, CPP and CPA induced with 2.5 and 5 μg/side respectively and IHC showed NR1elevation with 2.5 and reduction with 5 μg/side in all areas. Sub-rewarding dose of CART administration (1.25 μg/side) prior to sub-rewarding dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) induced CPP and NR1 increased in all examined tissues in IHC. However, infusion of an aversive dose of CART (5 μg/side) prior to the rewarding dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) produced neither CPP nor CPA and NR1 in the NAc and hippocampus decreased significantly. It seems that the rewarding or aversive effects of intra-NAc shell CART and its facilitating or inhibiting effects on morphine reward are dose-dependent. Additionally, NMDA may be closely involved in the affective properties of opioids and CART in the reward pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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Elevated FMR1-mRNA and lowered FMRP - A double-hit mechanism for psychiatric features in men with FMR1 premutations. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:205. [PMID: 32576818 PMCID: PMC7311546 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a full mutation of the FMR1 gene (>200 CGG repeats and subsequent methylation), such that there is little or no FMR1 protein (FMRP) produced, leading to intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with the premutation allele (55-200 CGG repeats, generally unmethylated) have elevated FMR1 mRNA levels, a consequence of enhanced transcription, resulting in neuronal toxicity and a spectrum of premutation-associated disorders, including the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Here we described 14 patients who had both lowered FMRP and elevated FMR1 mRNA levels, representing dual mechanisms of clinical involvement, which may combine features of both FXS and FXTAS. In addition, the majority of these cases show psychiatric symptoms, including bipolar disorder, and/or psychotic features, which are rarely seen in those with just FXS.
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Shen X, Hui R, Luo Y, Yu H, Feng S, Xie B, Bi H, Galaj E, Cong B, Ma C, Wen D. Berberine Facilitates Extinction of Drug-Associated Behavior and Inhibits Reinstatement of Drug Seeking. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 32390837 PMCID: PMC7194034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A high rate of relapse is a major clinical problem among drug-addicted individuals. Persistent traces of drug-associated reward memories contribute to intense craving and often trigger relapse. A number of interventions on drug-associated memories have shown significant benefits in relapse prevention. Among them are pre- or post-extinction pharmacological manipulations that facilitate the extinction of drug-associated behavior. Berberine, a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid, has been recently reported to provide therapeutic benefits for a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including morphine addiction. The present study aimed to investigate whether berberine could serve as a post-extinction pharmacological intervention agent to reduce risks of reinstatement of drug seeking. We found that an intragastric administration of berberine at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg during the critical time window significantly facilitated the extinction of morphine-reward related behavior in free access and confined conditioned place preference (CPP) extinction paradigms, and subsequently, it prevented reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of morphine-induced CPP in mice. Intriguingly, the berberine treatment with or without extinction training altered expression of plasticity-related proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), AMPA receptors (GluA1 and GluA2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Moreover, the post-extinction berberine treatment significantly reduced reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP and operant intravenous self-administration (IVSA) memories in rats. Altogether, our findings suggest that extinction training combined with the post-extinction berberine treatment can facilitate extinction of drug-associated behavior making it an attractive therapeutic candidate in relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rongji Hui
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hailei Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Suiyuan Feng
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Xie
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haitao Bi
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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de Pins B, Montalban E, Vanhoutte P, Giralt A, Girault JA. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Pyk2 modulates acute locomotor effects of cocaine in D1 receptor-expressing neurons of the nucleus accumbens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6619. [PMID: 32313025 PMCID: PMC7170924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum is critical for cocaine-induced locomotor responses. Although the role of D1 receptor-expressing neurons is established, underlying molecular pathways are not fully understood. We studied the role of Pyk2, a non-receptor, calcium-dependent protein-tyrosine kinase. The locomotor coordination and basal activity of Pyk2 knock-out mice were not altered and major striatal protein markers were normal. Cocaine injection increased Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse striatum. Pyk2-deficient mice displayed decreased locomotor response to acute cocaine injection. In contrast, locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference were normal. Cocaine-activated ERK phosphorylation, a signaling pathway essential for these late responses, was unaltered. Conditional deletion of Pyk2 in the nucleus accumbens or in D1 neurons reproduced decreased locomotor response to cocaine, whereas deletion of Pyk2 in the dorsal striatum or in A2A receptor-expressing neurons did not. In mice lacking Pyk2 in D1-neurons locomotor response to D1 agonist SKF-81297, but not to an anticholinergic drug, was blunted. Our results identify Pyk2 as a regulator of acute locomotor responses to psychostimulants. They highlight the role of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in striatal neurons and suggest that changes in Pyk2 expression or activation may alter specific responses to drugs of abuse, or possibly other behavioral responses linked to dopamine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit de Pins
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Enrica Montalban
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
- BFA - Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative - CNRS UMR 8251, Paris University, Paris, 75205, France
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Paris, 75005, France
- Inserm UMR-S 1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS UMR 8246, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Albert Giralt
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, 28031, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, Paris, 75005, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Paris, 75005, France.
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France.
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Lang M, Leménager T, Streit F, Fauth-Bühler M, Frank J, Juraeva D, Witt S, Degenhardt F, Hofmann A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Kiefer F, Brors B, Grabe HJ, John U, Bischof A, Bischof G, Völker U, Homuth G, Beutel M, Lind P, Medland S, Slutske W, Martin N, Völzke H, Nöthen M, Meyer C, Rumpf HJ, Wurst F, Rietschel M, Mann K. Genome-wide association study of pathological gambling. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 36:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundPathological gambling is a behavioural addiction with negative economic, social, and psychological consequences. Identification of contributing genes and pathways may improve understanding of aetiology and facilitate therapy and prevention. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of pathological gambling. Our aims were to identify pathways involved in pathological gambling, and examine whether there is a genetic overlap between pathological gambling and alcohol dependence.MethodsFour hundred and forty-five individuals with a diagnosis of pathological gambling according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were recruited in Germany, and 986 controls were drawn from a German general population sample. A genome-wide association study of pathological gambling comprising single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses, was performed. Polygenic risk scores were generated using data from a German genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence.ResultsNo genome-wide significant association with pathological gambling was found for single markers or genes. Pathways for Huntington's disease (P-value = 6.63 × 10−3); 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling (P-value = 9.57 × 10−3); and apoptosis (P-value = 1.75 × 10−2) were significant. Polygenic risk score analysis of the alcohol dependence dataset yielded a one-sided nominal significant P-value in subjects with pathological gambling, irrespective of comorbid alcohol dependence status.ConclusionsThe present results accord with previous quantitative formal genetic studies which showed genetic overlap between non-substance- and substance-related addictions. Furthermore, pathway analysis suggests shared pathology between Huntington's disease and pathological gambling. This finding is consistent with previous imaging studies.
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Different periods of forced abstinence after instrumental learning for food reward of different macronutrient value on responding for conditioned cues and AMPAr subunit levels. Behav Brain Res 2019; 375:112141. [PMID: 31394143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food craving can be viewed as an intense desire for a specific food that propagates seeking and consuming behavior. Prolonged forced abstinence from rewarding foods can result in escalated food-seeking behavior as measured via elevated responding for food-paired cues in the absence of the primary reward. Palatable food consumption and food-seeking is associated with changes in the abundance and composition of AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) but differing results have been reported. The present study examined whether different food types could produce escalated food-seeking behavior after various abstinence periods and whether this was associated with changes in AMPA receptor protein levels. Rats were trained for 10 days to bar press for purified, sucrose, or chocolate-flavored sucrose pellets. Rats were tested at 24 hrs, 7 d or 14 d whereby bar pressing resulted in presentation of cues paired with food but no food reward was delivered. Western blotting was used to determine protein levels of GluR1, GluR1pSer845, and GluR2 in the NAc. Three separate groups were assessed: 1) a group that was trained on the operant task and tested for conditioned responding (tested group); 2) a group that was trained on the operant task but not tested (non-tested group); 3) a group that was neither trained nor tested (control). The purified food group showed a time-dependent elevation in conditioned bar pressing over the 3 abstinence periods. GluR1 AMPAr subunit levels were higher in the purified and sucrose groups tested at 24 hours compared to the non-tested and control values. GluR1 levels subsequently declined at the 7- and 14-day abstinence periods in the purified and sucrose tested and non-tested groups compared to control values. GluR2 and pSer845 Glur1 levels were similar across all groups and abstinence periods. These results show that food-seeking behavior associated with forced abstinence from different food rewards may depend on the macronutrient composition of the food reward or the food type given during the abstinence period. A clear link with AMPAr subunit levels in this model was not established.
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Arezoomandan R, Aliaghaei A, Khodagholi F, Haghparast A. Minocycline induces the expression of intra-accumbal glutamate transporter-1 in the morphine-dependent rats. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 46:70-73. [PMID: 31630007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial glutamate transporters (GLT-1) is responsible for glutamate homeostasis. GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake can be affected by addictive drugs and can be used as a target in addiction pharmacotherapy. It has been shown that minocycline, an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, can upregulate the expression of GLT-1. In the present study, in morphine-dependent rats, the effect of minocycline on expression of GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of GLT-1 significantly increased in minocycline treated animals. In line with other studies, our findings showed that restoring GLT-1 expression with minocycline might be considered as a potential target for correcting pre-clinical and clinical manifestations of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Arezoomandan
- Addiction Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Neuroscience Lab, Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Teal LB, Gould RW, Felts AS, Jones CK. Selective allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:153-196. [PMID: 31378251 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChRs) subtypes represent exciting new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD). Recent advances in the development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators have revealed promising effects in preclinical models targeting the different symptoms observed in schizophrenia and SUD. M1 PAMs display potential for addressing the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, while M4 PAMs exhibit promise in treating preclinical models predictive of antipsychotic-like activity. In SUD, there is increasing support for modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry involved in SUD with selective M4 mAChR PAMs or M5 mAChR NAMs. Allosteric modulators of these mAChR subtypes have demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of cocaine and ethanol seeking, with indications that these ligand may also be useful for other substances of abuse, as well as in various stages in the cycle of addiction. Importantly, allosteric modulators of the different mAChR subtypes may provide viable treatment options, while conferring greater subtype specificity and corresponding enhanced therapeutic index than orthosteric muscarinic ligands and maintaining endogenous temporo-spatial ACh signaling. Overall, subtype specific mAChR allosteric modulators represent important novel therapeutic mechanisms for schizophrenia and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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31
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Olszewski PK, Wood EL, Klockars A, Levine AS. Excessive Consumption of Sugar: an Insatiable Drive for Reward. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 8:120-128. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Robins MT, Blaine AT, Ha JE, Brewster AL, van Rijn RM. Repeated Use of the Psychoactive Substance Ethylphenidate Impacts Neurochemistry and Reward Learning in Adolescent Male and Female Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30837836 PMCID: PMC6389692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schedule II prescription psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), can be misused as nootropic drugs, i.e., drugs that enhance focus and cognition. When users are unable to obtain these prescribed medications, they may seek out novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) that are not yet scheduled. An example of a NPS reportedly being abused is ethylphenidate (EPH), a close analog of MPH but with a higher preference for the dopamine transporter compared with the norepinephrine transporter. Therefore, based upon this pharmacological profile and user self-reports, we hypothesized that repeated EPH exposure in adolescent mice may be rewarding and alter cognition. Here, we report that repeated exposure to 15 mg/kg EPH decreased spatial cognitive performance as assessed by the Barnes maze spatial learning task in adolescent male C57Bl/6 mice; however, male mice did not show alterations in the expression of mature BDNF - a protein associated with increased cognitive function - in key brain regions. Acute EPH exposure induced hyperlocomotion at a high dose (15 mg/kg, i.p.), but not a low dose (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Interestingly, mice exhibited significant conditioned place preference at the low EPH dose, suggesting that even non-stimulating doses of EPH are rewarding. In both males and females, repeated EPH exposure increased expression of deltaFosB - a marker associated with increased risk of drug abuse - in the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. Overall, our results suggest that repeated EPH use in adolescence is psychostimulatory, rewarding, increases crucial brain markers of reward-related behaviors, and may negatively impact spatial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meridith T Robins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Arryn T Blaine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jiwon E Ha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amy L Brewster
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Chang SL, Huang W, Han H, Sariyer IK. Binge-Like Exposure to Ethanol Enhances Morphine's Anti-nociception in B6 Mice. Front Psychiatry 2019; 9:756. [PMID: 30723430 PMCID: PMC6349749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of the blood ethanol concentration (BEC) to > 80 mg/dL (17.4 mM) after binge drinking enhances inflammation in brain and neuroimmune signaling pathways. Morphine abuse is frequently linked to excessive drinking. Morphine exerts its actions mainly via the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled mu opioid receptors (MORs). Opioid use disorders (OUDs) include combination of opioids with alcohol, leading to opioid overdose-related deaths. We hypothesized that binge drinking potentiates onset and progression of OUD. Using C57BL/6J (B6) mice, we first characterized time-dependent inflammatory gene expression change as molecular markers using qRT-PCR within 24 h after binge-like exposure to high-dose, high-concentration ethanol (EtOH). The mice were given one injection of EtOH (5 g/kg, 42% v/v, i.g.) and sacrificed at 2.5 h, 5 h, 7.5 h, or 24 h later. Inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 were elevated in both the striatum (STr) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mice. We then investigated the expression profile of MOR in the STr at 2 min, 5 h, or 24 h after the first EtOH injection and at 24 h and 48 h after the third injection. This binge-like exposure to EtOH upregulated MOR expression in the STr and NAc, an effect that could enhance morphine's anti-nociception. Therefore, we examined the impact of binge-like exposure to EtOH on morphine's anti-nociception at the behavioral level. The mice were treated with or without 3-d binge-like exposure to EtOH, and the anti-nociceptive changes were evaluated using the hot-plate test 24 h after the final (3rd) EtOH injection with or without a cumulative subcutaneous dose (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) of morphine at intervals of 30 min. The response curve of the mice given EtOH was shifted to the left, showing enhanced latency to response to morphine up to 3 mg/kg. Furthermore, co-treatment with the MOR antagonist naltrexone blocked morphine's anti-nociception in animals given either EtOH or saline. This confirms that MOR is involved in binge-like exposure to EtOH-induced changes in morphine's anti-nociception. Our results suggest that EtOH enhanced latency to analgesic response to morphine, and such effect might initiate the onset and progression of OUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulie L Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, South Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, South Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Haijun Han
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Ilker K Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mukhara D, Banks ML, Neigh GN. Stress as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Disorders: A Mini-Review of Molecular Mediators. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:309. [PMID: 30622460 PMCID: PMC6308626 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extant literature supports the role of stress in enhancing the susceptibility of drug abuse progressing to a substance use disorder diagnosis. However, the molecular mediators by which stress enhances the progression from cocaine abuse to cocaine use disorder via the mesolimbic pathway remain elusive. In this mini-review article, we highlight three mechanisms by which glucocorticoids (GCs) and the dopaminergic system interact. First, GCs upregulate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine (DA) synthesis. Second, GCs downregulate monoamine-oxidase (MAO), an enzyme responsible for DA removal. Lastly, GCs are hypothesized to decrease DA reuptake, subsequently increasing synaptic DA. Based on these interactions, we review preclinical literature highlighting how stress modulates the mesolimbic pathway, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAcs), to alter cocaine abuse-related effects. Taken together, stress enhances cocaine's abuse-related effects at multiple points along the VTA mesolimbic projection, and uniquely in the NAcs through a positive feedback type mechanism. Furthermore, we highlight future directions to elucidate the interaction between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and key intermediaries including ΔFosB, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) to highlight possible mechanisms that underlie stress-induced acceleration of the progression to a cocaine use disorder diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mukhara
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Matthew L. Banks
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Noye Tuplin EW, Holahan MR. Exploring time-dependent changes in conditioned place preference for food reward and associated changes in the nucleus accumbens. Behav Brain Res 2018; 361:14-25. [PMID: 30576721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure has been used to study the incubation of craving phenomenon with rewarding drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. The present study examined whether rats trained in a CPP behavioral design would display an incubation of craving response for chocolate-flavored pellets or milk chocolate chips at the behavioral and neural levels. Rats were conditioned using an unbiased CPP design then underwent abstinence from food reward for 24 hs, 7, 14, or 28 days at which point they were tested for CPP. Brains underwent immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos and FosB as well as Golgi staining to assess dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). A time-dependent increase in CPP and entries into the previously paired compartment was observed in the chocolate-flavored pellet group but not the milk chocolate group. Time-dependent neural changes were not directly associated with behavioral outcomes but c-Fos labelling was higher in the chocolate pellet group than controls at the 7-day abstinence period. The behavioral results show that chocolate pellets are rewarding and are associated with long-term behavioral changes but, as evidenced by limited neural changes, these food rewards do not have the same effects on the NAc as drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Noye Tuplin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 5307 Health Sciences Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 5307 Health Sciences Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
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Lennox RD, Cecchini-Sternquist M. Safety and tolerability of sauna detoxification for the protracted withdrawal symptoms of substance abuse. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:4480-4499. [PMID: 30209965 PMCID: PMC6259397 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518779314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Protracted drug withdrawal symptoms can last months or years after drug cessation, often precipitating a return to substance misuse. We evaluated the safety and preliminary health benefits of a unique chemical exposure regimen based on exercise, sauna and therapeutic nutrients. Methods This was a prospective evaluation of 109 individuals sequentially enrolled into a sauna detoxification component of a multi-modal, long-term residential substance abuse treatment centre. Results Data from medical charts, client self-reports and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) responses indicated that the Hubbard sauna detoxification method was well tolerated, with a 99% completion rate, including one human immunodeficiency virus and nine hepatitis C positive clients. There were no cases of dehydration, overhydration or heat illness. Statistically significant improvements were seen in both mental and physical SF-36 scores at regimen completion, as well as in Addiction Severity Index and Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Short Screener change scores at rehabilitation program discharge, compared with enrolment. Conclusions The regimen lacked serious adverse events, had a very low discontinuation rate and high client-reported satisfaction. The SF-36 data indicated improved physical and emotional symptoms. Therefore, broader investigation of this sauna-based treatment regimen is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Lennox
- Chestnut Global Partners, Chestnut Health Systems, Martin Luther King Drive, Bloomington, Illinois, USA
| | - Marie Cecchini-Sternquist
- Chestnut Global Partners, Chestnut Health Systems, Martin Luther King Drive, Bloomington, Illinois, USA
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Noye Tuplin EW, Lightfoot SHM, Holahan MR. Comparison of the Time-Dependent Changes in Immediate Early Gene Labeling and Spine Density Following Abstinence From Contingent or Non-contingent Chocolate Pellet Delivery. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:144. [PMID: 30061817 PMCID: PMC6055009 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Incubation of craving is a phenomenon whereby responding for cues associated with a reward increases over extended periods of abstinence. Both contingent and non-contingent behavioral designs have been used to study the incubation of craving phenomenon with differing results. The present study directly compares behavioral and neural changes following contingent or non-contingent administration of chocolate flavored pellets. Objective: The current study examined whether an incubation of craving response would be observed at the behavioral and neural levels following delays of abstinence from chocolate pellets in a contingent or non-contingent reinforcement design. Methods: Rats were trained for 10 days to bar press for chocolate pellets (contingent) or received chocolate pellets in a non-contingent design (classical conditioning). Groups were then subjected to abstinence from the reward for 24 h, 7, 14 or 28 days at which point they were tested for responding for reward associated cues. Following the test, brains from all rats were processed and assessed for c-Fos and FosB labeling as well as dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results: Behavioral measures during the test (lever presses, food hopper entries and locomotor activity) revealed similar behavioral outcomes across all delays indicating the lack of an incubation of craving response on both the contingent and non-contingent designs. Overall, labeling of c-Fos in the NAc was lower for the non-contingent group compared to the operant-trained and food restricted control. Compared to the operant-trained and non-trained control groups, a significantly reduced FosB labeling was noted in the NAc of the classically conditioned groups across all abstinence periods. Spine density in the NAc was elevated in both the classically and operant conditioned compared to the food-restricted, non-trained controls. Conclusions: Chocolate pellet reward did not result in incubation of craving but did produce behavioral learning that was associated with increased spine density. This suggests that chocolate pellet administration results in long-term structural and functional changes that are present for at least 28 days following abstinence. Contingent and non-contingent administration resulted in differential immediate early gene labeling in the NAc, but the functional significance of this has yet to be elucidated.
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Effects of taurine on striatal dopamine transporter expression and dopamine uptake in SHR rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:219-226. [PMID: 29694913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic deficits in the prefrontal cortex and striatum have been attributed to the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Our recent study revealed that high-dose taurine improves hyperactive behavior and brain-functional signals in SHR rats. This study investigates the effect of taurine on the SHR striatum by detecting the spontaneous alternation, DA transporter (DAT) level, dopamine uptake and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. A significant increase in the total arm entries was detected in both WKY and SHR rats fed with low-dose taurine but not in those fed with high-dose taurine. Notably, significantly increased spontaneous alternation was observed in SHR rats fed with high-dose taurine. Significantly higher striatal DAT level was detected in WKY rats fed with low-dose taurine but not in SHR rats, whereas significantly reduced striatal DAT level was detected in SHR rats fed with high-dose taurine but not in WKY rats. Significantly increased dopamine uptake was detected in the striatal synaptosomes of both WKY and SHR rats fed with low-dose taurine. Conversely, significantly reduced dopamine uptake was detected in the striatal synaptosomes of SHR rats fed with high-dose taurine. Accordingly, a negative correlation was detected between striatal dopamine uptake and spontaneous alternation in SHR rats fed with low or high-dose taurine. Significantly increased BDNF was detected in the striatum of both WKY and SHR rats fed with low or high-dose taurine. These findings indicate that different dosages of taurine have opposite effects on striatal DAT expression and dopamine uptake, suggesting high-dose taurine as a possible candidate for ADHD treatment.
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Li Y, Xia B, Li R, Yin D, Wang Y, Liang W. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4 in the nucleus accumbens during heroin dependency and withdrawal. Neuroreport 2018; 28:654-660. [PMID: 28538519 PMCID: PMC5491224 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), have been implicated in the modulation of heroin dependency. This study was designed to explore the expression alterations of BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 in the context of heroin dependence and withdrawal in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc). Heroin dependence was induced by a progressive intraperitoneal treatment of heroin. The results showed that the expression levels of BDNF and NT-4 were significantly decreased in the NAc of rats with heroin addiction in comparison with the control group, whereas there was a significant increase in BDNF and NT-4 expressions in the groups of rats with both naloxone-induced and spontaneous withdrawal. Moreover, NT-3 expression was markedly increased in the NAc of rats with heroin addiction and spontaneous withdrawal in comparison with the control group, but decreased in the NAc of rats with naloxone-induced withdrawal. These results indicated that chronic administration of heroin results in the alterations of BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 expressions in the rat NAc. BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 may play a critical role in the development of heroin dependency and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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40
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Weiss NH, Bold KW, Contractor AA, Sullivan TP, Armeli S, Tennen H. Trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use among college students: Identifying the roles of negative and positive affect lability in a daily diary study. Addict Behav 2018; 79:131-137. [PMID: 29289852 PMCID: PMC5895102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trauma exposure is linked to heavy drinking and drug use among college students. Extant research reveals positive associations between negative affect lability and both trauma exposure and alcohol use. This study aimed to extend past research by using daily diary methods to test whether (a) individuals with (versus without) trauma exposure experience greater negative and positive affect lability, (b) negative and positive affect lability are associated with heavy drinking and drug use, and (c) negative and positive affect lability mediate the relations between trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use. Participants were 1640 college students (M age=19.2, 54% female, 80% European American) who provided daily diary data for 30days via online surveys. Daily diaries assessed negative and positive affect and substance use (i.e., percent days of heavy drinking, percent days of drug use, total number of drugs used). Individuals with (versus without) a history of trauma exposure demonstrated higher levels of negative and positive affect lability. Negative, but not positive, affect lability was associated with percent days of heavy drinking, percent days of drug use, and total number of drugs used, and mediated the associations between trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use outcomes. Findings provide support for the underlying role of negative affect lability in the relations between trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use among college students, suggesting that treatments targeting negative affect lability may potentially serve to reduce heavy drinking and drug use among trauma-exposed college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Weiss
- University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881,
| | - Krysten W. Bold
- Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511,
| | | | - Tami P. Sullivan
- Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511,
| | - Stephen Armeli
- Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ, 07666,
| | - Howard Tennen
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030,
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41
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Iamjan SA, Thanoi S, Watiktinkorn P, Reynolds GP, Nudmamud-Thanoi S. Genetic variation of GRIA3 gene is associated with vulnerability to methamphetamine dependence and its associated psychosis. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:309-315. [PMID: 29338492 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117750153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant drug commonly leading to schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms. Disturbances in glutamatergic neurotransmission have been proposed as neurobiological mechanisms and the α-amino-3 hydroxy-5 methyl-4 isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor has been implicated in these processes. Moreover, genetic variants in GRIAs, genes encoding AMPA receptor subunits, have been observed in association with both drug dependence and psychosis. We hypothesized that variation of GRIA genes may be associated with METH dependence and METH-induced psychosis. Genotyping of GRIA1 rs1428920, GRIA2 rs3813296, GRIA3 rs3761554, rs502434 and rs989638 was performed in 102 male Thai controls and 100 METH-dependent subjects (53 with METH-dependent psychosis). We observed no evidence of association with METH dependence and METH-dependent psychosis in the GRIA1 and GRIA2 polymorphisms, nor with single polymorphisms rs3761554 and rs989638 in GRIA3. An association of GRIA3 rs502434 was identified with both METH dependence and METH-dependent psychosis, although this did not withstand correction for multiple testing. Combining the analysis of this site with the previously-demonstrated association with BDNF rs6265 resulted in a highly significant effect. These preliminary findings indicate that genetic variability in GRIA3 may interact with a functional BDNF polymorphism to provide a strong risk factor for the development of METH dependence in the Thai population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri-Arun Iamjan
- 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Anatomy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Anatomy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Gavin P Reynolds
- 2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,4 Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, UK
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- 1 Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Anatomy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,2 Faculty of Medical Science, Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Avvisati R, Meringolo M, Stendardo E, Malavasi E, Marinelli S, Badiani A. Intravenous self-administration of benzydamine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a central cannabinoidergic mechanism of action. Addict Biol 2018; 23:610-619. [PMID: 28429885 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzydamine (BZY) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the topical treatment of inflammations of the oral and vaginal mucosae. Virtually nothing is known about the central pharmacological actions of BZY. Yet there are reports of voluntary systemic overdosage of BZY in drug addicts, resulting in a euphoric, hallucinatory state. In the present study, we investigated the reinforcing properties of BZY in a rat self-administration paradigm. We found that BZY has a powerful reinforcing effect and that this effect is greatly facilitated in animals that already had substance experience, having previously self-administered heroin and cocaine, indicating cross sensitization between BZY and other common drugs of abuse. We then assessed the effect of BZY on prelimbic cortex-to-nucleus accumbens glutamatergic transmission, using field recordings in rat parasagittal brain slices. BZY dose-dependently reduced both field excitatory post synaptic potential amplitude and paired pulse ratio, suggesting a presynaptic mechanism of action. Similarly to the in vivo paradigm, also the electrophysiological effects of BZY were potentiated in slices from animals that had undergone cocaine and heroin self-administration. Furthermore, BZY-induced Long Term Depression (LTD)-like responses in the prelimbic cortex-to-nucleus accumbens circuitry were significantly reduced in the presence of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251. These findings provide firm evidence of the abuse liability of BZY and suggest a possible cannabinoidergic mechanism of action. Further research is needed in order to give insights into the molecular mechanism underlying BZY psychoactive and reinforcing effects, to better understand its abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Avvisati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sapienza University of Rome; Italy
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology; University of Sussex; UK
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sapienza University of Rome; Italy
| | - Emiliana Stendardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sapienza University of Rome; Italy
| | - Elisa Malavasi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sapienza University of Rome; Italy
| | | | - Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sapienza University of Rome; Italy
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology; University of Sussex; UK
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Kim R, Sepulveda-Orengo MT, Healey KL, Williams EA, Reissner KJ. Regulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) gene expression by cocaine self-administration and withdrawal. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:1-10. [PMID: 28919080 PMCID: PMC5714670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 is observed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following administration of multiple drugs of abuse. The decrease in GLT-1 protein expression following cocaine self-administration is dependent on both the amount of cocaine self-administered and the length of withdrawal, with longer access to cocaine and longer withdrawal periods leading to greater decreases in GLT-1 protein. However, the mechanism(s) by which cocaine downregulates GLT-1 protein remains unknown. We used qRT-PCR to examine gene expression of GLT-1 splice isoforms (GLT-1A, GLT-1B) in the NAc, prelimbic cortex (PL) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of rats, following two widely used models of cocaine self-administration: short-access (ShA) self-administration, and the long-access (LgA) self-administration/incubation model. While downregulation of GLT-1 protein is observed following ShA cocaine self-administration and extinction, this model did not lead to a change in GLT-1A or GLT-1B gene expression in any brain region examined. Forced abstinence following ShA cocaine self-administration also was without effect. In contrast, LgA cocaine self-administration and prolonged abstinence significantly decreased GLT-1A gene expression in the NAc and BLA, and significantly decreased GLT-1B gene expression in the PL. No change was observed in NAc GLT-1A gene expression one day after LgA cocaine self-administration, indicating withdrawal-induced decreases in GLT-1A mRNA. In addition, LgA cocaine self-administration and withdrawal induced hypermethylation of the GLT-1 gene in the NAc. These results indicate that a decrease in NAc GLT-1 mRNA is only observed after extended access to cocaine combined with protracted abstinence, and that epigenetic mechanisms likely contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marian T Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kati L Healey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily A Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Kelaï S, Ramoz N, Moalic JM, Noble F, Mechawar N, Imbeaud S, Turecki G, Simonneau M, Gorwood P, Maussion G. Netrin G1: its downregulation in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-conditioned mice and genetic association in human cocaine dependence. Addict Biol 2018; 23:448-460. [PMID: 28074533 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Netrin G1 is a presynaptic ligand involved in axonal projection. Although molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine addiction are still poorly understood, Netrin G1 might have a role as a regulator of anxiety, fear and spatial memory, behavioural traits impaired in the context of cocaine exposure. In this study, the Netrin G1 (Ntng1) expression was investigated in the nucleus accumbens of mice primarily conditioned to cocaine using a place preference paradigm. A genetic association study was then conducted on 146 multiplex families of the Collaborative study on Genetics of Alcoholism, in which seven single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the NTNG1 gene were genotyped. NTNG1 expression levels were also quantified in BA10, BA46 and the cerebellum of healthy controls (with no Axis 1 psychopathology). Decreased Ntng1 expression was initially observed in the nucleus accumbens of mice conditioned to cocaine. Significant genetic family-based associations were detected between NTNG1 polymorphisms and cocaine dependence. NTNG1 expression in BA10, BA46 and the cerebellum, however, were not significantly associated with any allele or haplotype of this gene. These results confirm that Ntng1 expression is disturbed in the nucleus accumbens of mice, after cocaine conditioning. A haplotype of NTNG1 was found to constitute a vulnerability factor for cocaine use disorder in patients, although none of its single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with a differential expression pattern in healthy controls. The data suggest that change in the Ntng1 expression is a consequence of cocaine exposure, and that some of its genetic markers are associated with a greater risk for cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Kelaï
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Jean-Marie Moalic
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Florence Noble
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche; France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Neuropsychopharmacologie des Addictions; France
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute; McGill University; Canada
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, FRE 3144, CNRS and Gif/Orsay DNA Microarray Platform (GODMAP); France
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute; McGill University; Canada
| | - Michel Simonneau
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Hôpital Sainte-Anne (CMME); University Paris Descartes; France
| | - Gilles Maussion
- INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences; University Paris Descartes; Paris France
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute; McGill University; Canada
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Szumlinski KK, Shin CB. Kinase interest you in treating incubated cocaine-craving? A hypothetical model for treatment intervention during protracted withdrawal from cocaine. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12440. [PMID: 29152855 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic criterion for drug addiction, persistent drug-craving continues to be the most treatment-resistant aspect of addiction that maintains the chronic, relapsing, nature of this disease. Despite the high prevalence of psychomotor stimulant addiction, there currently exists no FDA-approved medication for craving reduction. In good part, this reflects our lack of understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of drug-craving. In humans, cue-elicited drug-craving is associated with the hyperexcitability of prefrontal cortical regions. Rodent models of cocaine addiction indicate that a history of excessive cocaine-taking impacts excitatory glutamate signaling within the prefrontal cortex to drive drug-seeking behavior during protracted withdrawal. This review summarizes evidence that the capacity of cocaine-associated cues to augment craving in highly drug-experienced rats relates to a withdrawal-dependent incubation of glutamate release within prelimbic cortex. We discuss how stimulation of mGlu1/5 receptors increases the activational state of both canonical and noncanonical intracellular signaling pathways and present a theoretical molecular model in which the activation of several kinase effectors, including protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) might lead to receptor desensitization to account for persistent cocaine-craving during protracted withdrawal. Finally, this review discusses the potential for existing, FDA-approved, pharmacotherapeutic agents that target kinase function as a novel approach to craving intervention in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - C B Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
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Beloate LN, Coolen LM. Influences of social reward experience on behavioral responses to drugs of abuse: Review of shared and divergent neural plasticity mechanisms for sexual reward and drugs of abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:356-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim S, Shou J, Abera S, Ziff EB. Sucrose withdrawal induces depression and anxiety-like behavior by Kir2.1 upregulation in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2017; 130:10-17. [PMID: 29191750 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dieting induces depression and anxiety among other emotional symptoms. Animal models indicate that repeated access to palatable foods such as sugar induces depression and anxiety-like behavior when the food is no longer available. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how dietary restriction influences mood have not been fully understood. We used the two-bottle sucrose choice paradigm as an overeating and withdrawal model. Withdrawal after lengthy sucrose overeating elicited depression and anxiety-like behavior, which was reversed by sucrose reinstatement. In the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of sucrose withdrawal animals, dopamine levels and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activity were significantly reduced, while the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir2.1, was significantly elevated. In addition, overexpression of Kir2.1 selectively in neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors was sufficient to induce negative mood-linked behavior in the absence of sucrose overeating experience. As elevated K+ channels reduce neuronal excitability, a sucrose withdrawal-induced increase in Kir2.1 expression is able to decrease NAc activity, which provides a cellular basis for depression and anxiety-like behavior in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Molecular Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | - Jiayi Shou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Sinedu Abera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Lagnone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Edward B Ziff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Lagnone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
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Wu J, Zhao R, Guo L, Zhen X. Morphine-induced inhibition of Ca 2+ -dependent d-serine release from astrocytes suppresses excitability of GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1289-1303. [PMID: 27239019 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in addictive drug-induced behavioral changes. d-serine is present at high levels in the brain and is involved in the regulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate (NMDA)-dependent synaptic activity. In this study, we aimed to examine the involvement of d-serine in morphine addiction. Morphine decreased the NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents and excitability of GABAergic neurons in the NAc, while exogenous d-serine alleviated the effects of morphine. Morphine reduced extracellular d-serine levels in rat NAc or in primary culture of astrocytes through inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ signals and blockade of d-serine release from cell vesicles. Morphine induced robust internalization of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate acid receptor (AMPAR) in primary cultured astrocytes. Moreover, administration of exogenous d-serine to rats inhibited the development of locomotor sensitization to morphine, attenuated the morphine-induced potentiation on conditioned place preference and suppressed the morphine-enhanced expression of p-CREB and ΔFosB in the NAc. Overall, our results showed that morphine inhibited d-serine release from astrocytes through modulation of AMPAR-mediated Ca2+ influx, and led to the inhibition of postsynaptic excitability of GABAergic neurons in the NAc. This work may provide a new insight into the underlying mechanisms of morphine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Soochow University; China
- College of Medicine; Nantong University; China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Soochow University; China
| | - Lin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Soochow University; China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Soochow University; China
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Liu XL, Li L, Li JN, Tang JH, Rong JH, Liu B, Hu ZX. Quantifying absolute glutamate concentrations in nucleus accumbens of prescription opioid addicts by using 1H MRS. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00769. [PMID: 28828225 PMCID: PMC5561325 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of psychoactive substance use disorders has been based primarily on descriptive, symptomatic checklist criteria. In opioid addiction, there are no objective biological indicators specific enough to guide diagnosis, monitor disease status, and evaluate efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the brain has potential to identify and quantify biomarkers for the diagnosis of opioid dependence. The purpose of this study was to detect the absolute glutamate concentration in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of patients with prescription opioid dependence using 1H MRS, and to analyze its clinical associations. METHODS Twenty patients with clinically diagnosed definitive prescription opioid dependent (mean age = 26.5 ± 4.3 years) and 20 matched healthy controls (mean age = 26.1 ± 3.8 years) participated in this study. Patients were evaluated with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the opiate Addiction Severity Inventory (ASI). We used point-resolved spectroscopy to quantify the absolute concentrations of metabolites (glutamate, choline, N-acetylaspartate, glutamine, creatine) within the NAc. The difference between metabolite levels of groups and Pearson's correlation between glutamate levels and psychometric scores in patients were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Glutamate concentrations in the NAc were significantly higher in prescription opiate addicts than in controls (t = 3.84, p = .001). None of the other metabolites differed significantly between the two groups (all ps > .05). The glutamate concentrations correlated positively with BIS-11 scores in prescription opiate addicts (r = .671, p = .001), but not with SAS score and ASI index. CONCLUSIONS Glutamate levels in the NAc measured quantitatively with in vivo 1H MRS could be used as a biomarker to evaluate disease condition in opioid-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Long Liu
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Neng Li
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Ji-Hua Tang
- Department of Psychology and Addiction Medicine Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jia-Hui Rong
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Ze-Xuan Hu
- Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AMPAkines augment the function of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the brain to increase excitatory outputs. These drugs are known to relieve persistent pain. However, their role in acute pain is unknown. Furthermore, a specific molecular and anatomic target for these novel analgesics remains elusive. METHODS The authors studied the analgesic role of an AMPAkine, CX546, in a rat paw incision (PI) model of acute postoperative pain. The authors measured the effect of AMPAkines on sensory and depressive symptoms of pain using mechanical hypersensitivity and forced swim tests. The authors asked whether AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key node in the brain's reward and pain circuitry, can be a target for AMPAkine analgesia. RESULTS Systemic administration of CX546 (n = 13), compared with control (n = 13), reduced mechanical hypersensitivity (50% withdrawal threshold of 6.05 ± 1.30 g [mean ± SEM] vs. 0.62 ± 0.13 g), and it reduced depressive features of pain by decreasing immobility on the forced swim test in PI-treated rats (89.0 ± 15.5 vs. 156.7 ± 18.5 s). Meanwhile, CX546 delivered locally into the NAc provided pain-relieving effects in both PI (50% withdrawal threshold of 6.81 ± 1.91 vs. 0.50 ± 0.03 g; control, n = 6; CX546, n = 8) and persistent postoperative pain (spared nerve injury) models (50% withdrawal threshold of 3.85 ± 1.23 vs. 0.45 ± 0.00 g; control, n = 7; CX546, n = 11). Blocking AMPA receptors in the NAc with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione inhibited these pain-relieving effects (50% withdrawal threshold of 7.18 ± 1.52 vs. 1.59 ± 0.66 g; n = 8 for PI groups; 10.70 ± 3.45 vs. 1.39 ± 0.88 g; n = 4 for spared nerve injury groups). CONCLUSIONS AMPAkines relieve postoperative pain by acting through AMPA receptors in the NAc.
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