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Ren J, Zhang Y, Song H, Gou H, Zhao Q, Hong W, Piao Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wen S, Du Z, Li C, Qiu B, Ma Y, Zhang X, Wei Z. The interaction of oxytocin and nicotine addiction on psychosocial stress: an fMRI study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:348. [PMID: 39214996 PMCID: PMC11364850 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The anxiolytic effect of oxytocin (OXT) on psychosocial stress has been well documented, but the effectiveness under the interference of other factors still requires in-depth research. Previous studies have shown that nicotine addiction interacts with OXT on psychosocial stress on the behavioral level. However, the underlying neural mechanism of interaction between OXT and nicotine addiction on psychosocial stress has not been examined, and we conducted two experiments to reveal it. Firstly, after intranasal administration of randomized OXT or placebo (saline), a group of healthy participants (n = 27) and a group of smokers (n = 26) completed the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) in an MRI scanner. Secondly, a group of smokers (n = 22) was recruited to complete a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) experiment, in which anodal tDCS was applied on subjects' anterior right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG). In both experiment, subjective stress ratings, salivary cortisol samples and the amount of daily cigarette consumption were obtained from each participant. Analysis of variance were applied on both behavioral and neural data to examine the effects of OXT and nicotine addiction, and correlation analysis were used to examine relationships between neural and behavioral data. In first fMRI experiment, analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed an interaction of OXT and nicotine addiction on subjective stress. In smokers, OXT failed to suppress the elevation of subjective stress and craving ratings after psychosocial stress. A voxel-wise ANOVA of fMRI data identified an interaction between OXT and nicotine addiction in anterior rSTG, and its functional connectivity with right middle frontal gyrus. Correlations between this functional connectivity and subjective psychosocial stress were also found abnormal in smokers. In second tDCS experiment, we found that under tDCS, OXT successfully suppressed the elevation of subjective stress and craving ratings after stress. In summary, we found that nicotine addiction blocked OXT's anxiolytic on psychosocial stress, which was related to abnormalities in anterior rSTG. By applying anodal tDCS on anterior rSTG, OXT's anxiolytic effect was restored in smokers. These findings will support further development on oxytocin's intervention of psychosocial stress in nicotine addiction, and provides essential information for indicating OXT's effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecheng Ren
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hongwen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Huixing Gou
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yi Piao
- Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yucan Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shilin Wen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhangxin Du
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Laboratory of Digital Medical Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
- Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Business School, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018, China.
| | - Zhengde Wei
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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Oot EN, Sawyer KS, Oscar-Berman M, Luhar RB, Jensen JE, Silveri MM. Anterior cingulate metabolite levels, memory, and inhibitory control in abstinent men and women with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:578-588. [PMID: 37738108 PMCID: PMC10642606 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been shown to have harmful cognitive and physiological effects, including altered brain chemistry. Further, although men and women may differ in vulnerability to the neurobiological effects of AUD, the results of existing studies have been conflicting. We examined brain metabolite levels and cognitive functions in a cross-section of men with AUD (AUDm) and women with AUD (AUDw) to determine the degree of abnormalities after extended periods of abstinence (mean, 6 years) and to evaluate gender differences in neuropsychological and metabolite measures. Participants were 40 abstinent individuals with AUD (22 AUDw, 18 AUDm) and 50 age-equivalent non-AUD comparison participants (26 NCw, 24 NCm). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was employed at 3 Tesla to acquire metabolite spectra from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Brain metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-Inositol (mI), and glutamate & glutamine (Glx) were examined relative to measures of memory and inhibitory control. Metabolite levels did not differ significantly between AUD and NC groups. Memory and inhibitory-control impairments were observed in the AUD group. There also were significant group-specific associations between metabolite ratios and measures of inhibitory control. There were no group-by-gender interactions for the four metabolite ratios. These findings demonstrate that brain metabolite levels in men and women with AUD, following long-term abstinence, do not differ from individuals without AUD. The data also provide preliminary evidence of sustained associations between metabolite levels and measures of inhibitory control, a functional domain important for curtailing harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Oot
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Riya B Luhar
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 So. Huntington Ave., 151B, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - J E Jensen
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
| | - Marisa M Silveri
- McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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de Paula França Resende E, Ketelle R, Karydas A, Allen I, Grinberg LT, Spina S, Seeley WW, Perry DC, Miller B, Naasan G. Late-Onset Alcohol Abuse as a Presenting Symptom of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1073-1080. [PMID: 35180118 PMCID: PMC9090138 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between lifetime alcohol abuse and a higher risk to develop dementia is well known. However, it is unknown whether older adults who begin abusing alcohol late in life have an underlying neurodegenerative disease. OBJECTIVE Identify the frequency of lifelong alcohol abuse (L-AA), late-onset alcohol abuse (LO-AA), and alcohol abuse as a first symptom of dementia (AA-FS) in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS Cross-sectional retrospective study of patients evaluated at an academic referral center with a clinical diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), Alzheimer-type dementia (AD), and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) (n = 1,518). The presence of alcohol abuse was screened with the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center questionnaire. L-AA was defined as onset < 40 years, LO-AA as onset ≥40 years, and AA-FS was defined when the abuse started within the first three years from symptom onset. RESULTS The frequency of LO-AA was 2.2% (n = 33/1,518). LO-AA was significantly more frequent in patients with bvFTD than AD (7.5%, n = 13/173 versus 1.3%, n = 16/1,254, CI:1.0;11.4%), but not svPPA (4.4%, n = 4/91, CI: -4.4;10.7%). Similarly, AA-FS was more frequent in bvFTD patients than AD (5.7%, n = 10/173 versus 0.7%, n = 9/1,254, CI:0.5%;9.5%), but not svPPA (2.2%, n = 2/91, CI:-2.4;9.1%). CONCLUSION LO-AA can be a presenting symptom of dementia, especially bvFTD. Alcohol abuse onset later in life should prompt a clinical investigation into the possibility of an underlying neurodegenerative process because delay in diagnosis and treatment may increase patient and caregiver burden. The results need to be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa de Paula França Resende
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – EBSERH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Global Brain Health Institute based at University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robin Ketelle
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Allen
- Global Brain Health Institute based at University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Global Brain Health Institute based at University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Global Brain Health Institute based at University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David C. Perry
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Global Brain Health Institute based at University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Georges Naasan
- Global Brain Health Institute based at University of California, San Francisco and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- The Barbara and Maurice Deane Center for Wellness and Cognitive Health, Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Hospitals, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Brain responsivity to emotional faces differs in men and women with and without a history of alcohol use disorder. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248831. [PMID: 34106934 PMCID: PMC8189468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of women in research on Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has shown that gender differences contribute to unique profiles of cognitive, emotional, and neuropsychological dysfunction. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of abstinent individuals with a history of AUD (21 women [AUDw], 21 men [AUDm]) and demographically similar non-AUD control (NC) participants without AUD (21 women [NCw], 21 men [NCm]) to explore how gender and AUD interact to influence brain responses during emotional processing and memory. Participants completed a delayed match-to-sample emotional face memory fMRI task, and brain activation contrasts between a fixation stimulus and pictures of emotional face elicited a similar overall pattern of activation for all four groups. Significant Group by Gender interactions revealed two activation clusters. A cluster in an anterior portion of the middle and superior temporal gyrus, elicited lower activation to the fixation stimulus than to faces for the AUDw as compared to the NCw; that abnormality was more pronounced than the one observed for men. Another cluster in the medial portion of the superior frontal cortex elicited higher activation to the faces by AUDm than NCm, a difference that was more evident than the one observed for women. Together, these findings have added new evidence of AUD-related gender differences in neural responses to facial expressions of emotion.
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Chang L, Liang H, Kandel SR, He JJ. Independent and Combined Effects of Nicotine or Chronic Tobacco Smoking and HIV on the Brain: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:658-693. [PMID: 33108618 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. Chronic smokers with HIV showed greater cognitive deficits and impulsivity, and had more psychopathological symptoms and greater neuroinflammation than HIV non-smokers or smokers without HIV infection. However, preclinical studies that evaluated the combined effects of HIV-infection and tobacco smoking are scare. The preclinical models typically used cell cultures or animal models that involved specific HIV viral proteins or the administration of nicotine to rodents. These preclinical models consistently demonstrated that nicotine had neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to cognitive enhancement. Although the major addictive ingredient in tobacco smoking is nicotine, chronic smoking does not lead to improved cognitive function in humans. Therefore, preclinical studies designed to unravel the interactive effects of chronic tobacco smoking and HIV infection are needed. In this review, we summarized the preclinical studies that demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of nicotine, the neurotoxic effects of the HIV viral proteins, and the scant literature on nicotine or tobacco smoke in HIV transgenic rat models. We also reviewed the clinical studies that evaluated the neurotoxic effects of tobacco smoking, HIV infection and their combined effects on the brain, including studies that evaluated the cognitive and behavioral assessments, as well as neuroimaging measures. Lastly, we compared the different approaches between preclinical and clinical studies, identified some gaps and proposed some future directions. Graphical abstract Independent and combined effects of HIV and tobacco/nicotine. Left top and bottom panels: Both clinical studies of HIV infected persons and preclinical studies using viral proteins in vitro or in vivo in animal models showed that HIV infection could lead to neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Right top and bottom panels: While clinical studies of tobacco smoking consistently showed deleterious effects of smoking, clinical and preclinical studies that used nicotine show mild cognitive enhancement, neuroprotective and possibly anti-inflammatory effects. In the developing brain, however, nicotine is neurotoxic. Middle overlapping panels: Clinical studies of persons with HIV who were smokers typically showed additive deleterious effects of HIV and tobacco smoking. However, in the preclinical studies, when nicotine was administered to the HIV-1 Tg rats, the neurotoxic effects of HIV were attenuated, but tobacco smoke worsened the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, HSF III, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Huajun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 670 W. Baltimore Street, HSF III, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Suresh R Kandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, Basic Science Building 2.300, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, 3333 Green Bay Road, Basic Science Building 2.300, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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Sawyer KS, Adra N, Salz DM, Kemppainen MI, Ruiz SM, Harris GJ, Oscar-Berman M. Hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of alcohol use disorder. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236641. [PMID: 32776986 PMCID: PMC7416961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has been associated with abnormalities in hippocampal volumes, but these relationships have not been fully explored with respect to sub-regional volumes, nor in association with individual characteristics such as age, gender differences, drinking history, and memory. The present study examined the impact of those variables in relation to hippocampal subfield volumes in abstinent men and women with a history of AUD. Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 Tesla, we obtained brain images from 67 participants with AUD (31 women) and 64 nonalcoholic control (NC) participants (31 women). The average duration of the most recent period of sobriety for AUD participants was 7.1 years. We used Freesurfer 6.0 to segment the hippocampus into 12 regions. These were imputed into statistical models to examine the relationships of brain volume with AUD group, age, gender, memory, and drinking history. Interactions with gender and age were of particular interest. Compared to the NC group, the AUD group had approximately 5% smaller subiculum, CA1, molecular layer, and hippocampal tail regions. Age was negatively associated with volumes for the AUD group in the subiculum and the hippocampal tail, but no significant interactions with gender were identified. The relationships for delayed and immediate memory with hippocampal tail volume differed for AUD and NC groups: Higher scores on tests of immediate and delayed memory were associated with smaller volumes in the AUD group, but larger volumes in the NC group. Length of sobriety was associated with decreasing CA1 volume in women (0.19% per year) and increasing volume size in men (0.38% per year). The course of abstinence on CA1 volume differed for men and women, and the differential relationships of subfield volumes to age and memory could indicate a distinction in the impact of AUD on functions of the hippocampal tail. These findings confirm and extend evidence that AUD, age, gender, memory, and abstinence differentially impact volumes of component parts of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle S. Sawyer
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Noor Adra
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Salz
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Maaria I. Kemppainen
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Ruiz
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gordon J. Harris
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Durazzo TC, Meyerhoff DJ. Cigarette smoking history is associated with poorer recovery in multiple neurocognitive domains following treatment for an alcohol use disorder. Alcohol 2020; 85:135-143. [PMID: 31923562 PMCID: PMC8751294 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in various populations, including those seeking treatment for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study compared the rate and extent of recovery on measures of processing speed, executive functions, general intelligence, visuospatial skills and working memory in treatment-seeking alcohol dependent individuals (ALC) who were never-smokers (nvsALC), former-smoker (fsALC), and active smokers (asALC), over approximately 8 months of abstinence from alcohol. Methods: ALC participants were evaluated at approximately 1 month of abstinence (AP1; n = 132) and reassessed after 8 months of sobriety (AP2; n = 54). Never-smoking controls (CON; n = 33) completed a baseline and follow-up (n = 19) assessment approximately 9 months later. Domains evaluated were executive functions, general intelligence, processing speed, visuospatial skills and working memory; a domain composite was formed from the arithmetic average of the foregoing domains. nvsALC showed greater improvement than fsALC, asALC and CON on most domains over the AP1-AP2 interval. fsALC demonstrated greater recovery than asALC on all domains except visuospatial skills; fsALC also showed greater improvements than CON on general intelligence, working memory and domain composite. asALC did not show significant improvement on any domain over the AP1-AP2 interval. At 8 months of abstinence, asALC were inferior to CON and nvsALC on multiple domains, fsALC performed worse than nvsALC on several domains, but nvsALC were not different from CON on any domain. Our results provide robust evidence that smoking status influenced the rate and extent of neurocognitive recovery between 1 and 8 months of abstinence in this ALC cohort. Chronic smoking in AUD likely contributes to the considerable heterogeneity observed in neurocognitive recovery during extended abstinence. The findings provide additional strong support for the benefits of smoking cessation and the increasing clinical movement to offer smoking cessation resources concurrent with treatment for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Durazzo
- Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicinecisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dieter J Meyerhoff
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Torres LH, Real CC, Turato WM, Spelta LW, Dos Santos Durão ACC, Andrioli TC, Pozzo L, Squair PL, Pistis M, de Paula Faria D, Marcourakis T. Environmental Tobacco Smoke During the Early Postnatal Period of Mice Interferes With Brain 18 F-FDG Uptake From Infancy to Early Adulthood - A Longitudinal Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:5. [PMID: 32063826 PMCID: PMC7000461 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly in childhood. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of postnatal ETS exposure in the brain 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake of mice by positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging in a longitudinal study. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to ETS that was generated from 3R4F cigarettes from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P14. PET analyses were performed in male and female mice during infancy (P15), adolescence (P35), and adulthood (P65). We observed that ETS exposure decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the whole brain, both left and right hemispheres, and frontal cortex in both male and female infant mice, while female infant mice exposed to ETS showed decreased 18F-FDG uptake in the cerebellum. In addition, all mice showed reduced 18F-FDG uptake in infancy, compared to adulthood in all analyzed VOIs. In adulthood, ETS exposure during the early postnatal period decreased brain 18F-FDG uptake in adult male mice in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and thalamus when compared to control group. ETS induced an increase in 18F-FDG uptake in adult female mice when compared to control group in the brainstem and cingulate cortex. Moreover, male ETS-exposed animals showed decreased 18F-FDG uptake when compared to female ETS-exposed in the whole brain, brainstem, cortex, left amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, basal forebrain and septum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain. The present study shows that several brain regions are vulnerable to ETS exposure during the early postnatal period and these effects on 18F-FDG uptake are observed even a long time after the last exposure. This study corroborates our previous findings, strengthening the idea that exposure to tobacco smoke in a critical period interferes with brain development of mice from late infancy to early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Helena Torres
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Alimentos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Miguel Turato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lídia Wiazowski Spelta
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Costa Andrioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Pozzo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Pistis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM-43), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sabzalizadeh M, Afarinesh MR, Mafi F, Mosanejad E, Haghpanah T, Golshan F, Koohkan F, Ezzatabadipour M, Sheibani V. Alcohol and nicotine co-Administration during pregnancy and lactation periods alters sensory discrimination of adult NMRI mice offspring. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112731. [PMID: 31682889 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impacts of alcohol, nicotine, and their co-administration during pregnancy and lactation on sensory information processing including visual, tactile, and auditory discrimination in adult NMRI mice offspring. Pregnant mice were injected with saline or 20% alcohol (3 g/kg), or nicotine (1 mg/kg) or their co-administration alcohol+nicotine, intraperitoneally until the end of lactation. The offspring were separated from their mothers after lactation period on postnatal day (PND) 28. The locomotor activity, novel object recognition-dependent on visual system (NOR-VS), novel texture discrimination- dependent on somatosensory system (NTR-SS), and acoustic startle reflex were evaluated in PND90. The results revealed no statistical significance for locomotor activity of alcohol, nicotine, and co-administration alcohol+nicotine groups compared to the saline group in the open field task. The results, however, showed a significant decline in the ability of novel object discrimination in the nicotine and co-administration alcohol + nicotine groups compared to the saline group (P < 0.05) in the NOR-VS task. In the NTR-SS and acoustic startle reflex tasks, texture discrimination and the prepulse inhibition abilities in the offspring administered with nicotine and alcohol alone were reduced when compared to the saline group. Also, co-administration of alcohol+nicotine groups showed a decline in the aforementioned tests compared to the saline group (P <0.05). Administration of alcohol and nicotine during fetal and postpartum development disrupts sensory processing of inputs of visual, tactile, and auditory systems in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sabzalizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mafi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elahe Mosanejad
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Golshan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Faezeh Koohkan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Massood Ezzatabadipour
- Department of anatomy, School of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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10
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High sensation seeking is associated with behavioral and neural insensitivity to increased negative outcomes during decision-making under uncertainty. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 19:1352-1363. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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McCorkindale A, Sizemova A, Sheedy D, Kril J, Sutherland G. Re-investigating the effects of chronic smoking on the pathology of alcohol-related human brain damage. Alcohol 2019; 76:11-14. [PMID: 30529017 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Both pathological and neuroimaging studies have shown that chronic alcohol abuse causes generalized white matter, but limited gray matter, volume loss. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that tobacco smoking also causes brain atrophy in both alcoholics and neurologically normal individuals. However, a recent pathological study, employing a manual technique to determine regional volumes, found no significant effects of smoking on either global or selected regional gray matter volumes in smokers or smoking alcoholics. Here a high-resolution computerized method was employed in the same cohort to evaluate four regions where neuroimaging studies have found atrophy in smokers and alcoholics: insula, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Brain images from 44 cases comprising 16 non-smoking controls, nine smoking controls, eight non-smoking alcoholics, and 11 smoking alcoholics were quantified. No significant differences between the groups were found, although the alcoholic groups tended to have smaller volumes in most regions. Furthermore, there were no smoking or interactive effects, and no correlation between gray matter volumes and either tobacco pack-years or lifetime alcohol consumption. These results do not support the hypotheses that tobacco smoking causes gray matter loss or that smoking potentiates gray matter atrophy in chronic alcoholics.
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12
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Sawyer KS, Maleki N, Urban T, Marinkovic K, Karson S, Ruiz SM, Harris GJ, Oscar-Berman M. Alcoholism gender differences in brain responsivity to emotional stimuli. eLife 2019; 8:e41723. [PMID: 31038125 PMCID: PMC6491039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Men and women may use alcohol to regulate emotions differently, with corresponding differences in neural responses. We explored how the viewing of different types of emotionally salient stimuli impacted brain activity observed through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 42 long-term abstinent alcoholic (25 women) and 46 nonalcoholic (24 women) participants. Analyses revealed blunted brain responsivity in alcoholic compared to nonalcoholic groups, as well as gender differences in those activation patterns. Brain activation in alcoholic men (ALCM) was significantly lower than in nonalcoholic men (NCM) in regions including rostral middle and superior frontal cortex, precentral gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex, whereas activation was higher in alcoholic women (ALCW) than in nonalcoholic women (NCW) in superior frontal and supramarginal cortical regions. The reduced brain reactivity of ALCM, and increases for ALCW, highlighted divergent brain regions and gender effects, suggesting possible differences in the underlying basis for development of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle S Sawyer
- Psychology Research ServiceVA Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Sawyer Scientific, LLCBostonUnited States
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Psychology Research ServiceVA Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Trinity Urban
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoUnited States
| | - Steven Karson
- Department of Computer ScienceDartmouth CollegeHanoverUnited States
| | - Susan M Ruiz
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- 3D Imaging ServiceMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
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13
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Conti A, McLean L, Tolomeo S, Steele J, Baldacchino A. Chronic tobacco smoking and neuropsychological impairments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 96:143-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Sawyer KS, Maleki N, Papadimitriou G, Makris N, Oscar-Berman M, Harris GJ. Cerebral white matter sex dimorphism in alcoholism: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1876-1883. [PMID: 29795404 PMCID: PMC6046037 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with brain aberrations, including abnormalities in frontal and limbic brain regions. In a prior diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) study of neuronal circuitry connecting the frontal lobes and limbic system structures, we demonstrated decreases in white matter fractional anisotropy in abstinent alcoholic men. In the present study, we examined sex differences in alcoholism-related abnormalities of white matter connectivity and their association with alcoholism history. The dMRI scans were acquired from 49 abstinent alcoholic individuals (26 women) and 41 nonalcoholic controls (22 women). Tract-based spatial statistical tools were used to estimate regional FA of white matter tracts and to determine sex differences and their relation to measures of alcoholism history. Sex-related differences in white matter connectivity were observed in association with alcoholism: Compared to nonalcoholic men, alcoholic men had diminished FA in portions of the corpus callosum, the superior longitudinal fasciculi II and III, and the arcuate fasciculus and extreme capsule. In contrast, alcoholic women had higher FA in these regions. Sex differences also were observed for correlations between corpus callosum FA and length of sobriety. Our results suggest that sexual dimorphism in white matter microstructure in abstinent alcoholics may implicate underlying differences in the neurobehavioral liabilities for developing alcohol abuse disorders, or for sequelae following abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, 02120, USA.
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, and Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, and Athinoula A. Martinos Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Radiology Computer Aided Diagnostics Laboratory, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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15
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Cheetham A, Allen NB, Whittle S, Simmons J, Yücel M, Lubman DI. Amygdala volume mediates the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence: A prospective study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 276:46-52. [PMID: 29661490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volumes as mediators of the relationship between externalizing symptoms and daily smoking in adolescence. Externalizing behaviors are among the most robust predictors of adolescent smoking, and there is emerging evidence that volume reductions in the amygdala and OFC are associated with risk for substance misuse as well as aggressive, impulsive, and disinhibited tendencies. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we recruited 109 adolescents who provided data on brain volume and externalizing behaviors at age 12, and on smoking at age 18. Daily smoking at age 18 (n = 27) was predicted by externalizing behaviors (measured by the self-report Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) as well as smaller right amygdala volumes. Right amygdala volumes mediated the relationship between externalizing symptoms and later smoking. These findings provide important insight into the neurobiological risk factors associated with adolescent smoking, and, more generally, into factors that may be associated with vulnerability to substance use disorders and related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cheetham
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Monash Clinical and Imaging Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia.
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16
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Nordin A, Åberg F, Pukkala E, Pedersen CR, Storm HH, Rasmussen A, Bennet W, Olausson M, Wilczek H, Ericzon BG, Tretli S, Line PD, Karlsen TH, Boberg KM, Isoniemi H. Decreasing incidence of cancer after liver transplantation-A Nordic population-based study over 3 decades. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:952-963. [PMID: 28925583 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most serious long-term complications after liver transplantation (LT). Data for all adult LT patients between 1982 and 2013 were extracted from the Nordic Liver Transplant Registry. Through linkage with respective national cancer-registry data, we calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) based on country, sex, calendar time, and age-specific incidence rates. Altogether 461 cancers were observed in 424 individuals of the 4246 LT patients during a mean 6.6-year follow-up. The overall SIR was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02-2.43). SIRs were especially increased for colorectal cancer in recipients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (4.04) and for lung cancer in recipients with alcoholic liver disease (4.96). A decrease in the SIR for cancers occurring within 10 years post-LT was observed from the 1980s: 4.53 (95%CI, 2.47-7.60), the 1990s: 3.17 (95%CI, 2.70-3.71), to the 2000s: 1.76 (95%CI, 1.51-2.05). This was observed across age- and indication-groups. The sequential decrease for the SIR of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 25.0-12.9-7.53, and for nonmelanoma skin cancer 80.0-29.7-10.4. Cancer risk after LT was found to be decreasing over time, especially for those cancers that are strongly associated with immunosuppression. Whether immunosuppression minimization contributed to this decrease merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nordin
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry - Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - C R Pedersen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H H Storm
- Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Rasmussen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Bennet
- Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Olausson
- Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Wilczek
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B-G Ericzon
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Tretli
- The Norwegian Cancer Registry, Oslo, Norway
| | - P-D Line
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T H Karlsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - K M Boberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Isoniemi
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Rivas-Grajales AM, Sawyer KS, Karmacharya S, Papadimitriou G, Camprodon JA, Harris GJ, Kubicki M, Oscar-Berman M, Makris N. Sexually dimorphic structural abnormalities in major connections of the medial forebrain bundle in alcoholism. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:98-105. [PMID: 30035007 PMCID: PMC6051309 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The mesocorticolimbic system is particularly susceptible to the effects of chronic alcoholism. Disruption of this system has been linked to drug seeking and the development of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, a neurobiological framework for describing the development and relapsing patterns of addictions. In this study, we evaluated the association of alcoholism and sex with major connections of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a prominent mesocorticolimbic fiber pathway connecting the ventral tegmental area with the basal forebrain. Given sex differences in clinical consequences of alcohol consumption, we hypothesized that alcoholic men and women would differ in structural abnormalities of the MFB. Methods Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data were acquired from 30 abstinent long-term alcoholic individuals (ALC; 9 men) and 25 non-alcoholic controls (NC; 8 men). Major connections of the MFB were extracted using multi-tensor tractography. We compared groups on MFB volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), with hemisphere and sex as independent variables. We also evaluated associations between abnormal structural measures and drinking measures. Results Analyses revealed significant group-by-sex interactions for FA and RD: while ALC men had lower FA and higher RD compared to NC men, ALC women had higher FA and lower RD compared to NC women. We also detected a significant negative association between FA and number of daily drinks in ALC women. Conclusion Alcoholism is associated with sexually dimorphic structural abnormalities in the MFB. The results expand upon other findings of differences in brain reward circuitry of alcoholic men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Rivas-Grajales
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Sawyer Scientific, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarina Karmacharya
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Papadimitriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan A Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gordon J Harris
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Radiology Computer Aided Diagnostics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Papp-Peka A, Tong M, Kril JJ, De La Monte SM, Sutherland GT. The Differential Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine-Specific Nitrosamine Ketone on White Matter Ultrastructure. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:165-171. [PMID: 28182194 PMCID: PMC6075461 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The chronic consumption of alcohol is known to result in neurodegeneration and impairment of cognitive function. Pathological and neuroimaging studies have confirmed that brain atrophy in alcoholics is mainly due to widespread white matter (WM) loss with neuronal loss restricted to specific regions, such as the prefrontal cortex. Neuroimaging studies of cigarette smokers also suggest that chronic inhalation of tobacco smoke leads to brain atrophy, although the neurotoxic component is unknown. As a high proportion of chronic alcoholics also smoke cigarettes it has been hypothesized that at least some alcohol-related brain damage is due to tobacco smoke exposure. Methods 39 Long Evans rats were subjected to 8 weeks exposure to alcohol and/or 5 weeks co-exposure to nicotine-specific nitrosamine ketone (NNK), a proxy for tobacco smoke. Their frontal WM was then assayed with transmission electron microscopy. Results NNK and ethanol co-exposure had a synergistic effect in decreasing myelinated fibre density. Furthermore, NNK treatment led to a greater reduction in myelin sheath thickness than ethanol whereas only the ethanol-treated animals showed a decrease in unmyelinated fibre density. Conclusion These data suggest that NNK causes WM degeneration, an effect that is exacerbated by alcohol, but unlike alcohol, it has little impact on the neuronal components of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papp-Peka
- Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - J J Kril
- Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | - G T Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins Drive, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
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19
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Blum K, Febo M, Badgaiyan RD, Demetrovics Z, Simpatico T, Fahlke C, Li M, Dushaj K, Gold MS. Common Neurogenetic Diagnosis and Meso-Limbic Manipulation of Hypodopaminergic Function in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Changing the Recovery Landscape. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:184-194. [PMID: 27174576 PMCID: PMC5327445 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666160512150918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1990, Blum and associates provided the first confirmed genetic link between the DRD2 polymorphisms and alcoholism. This finding was based on an earlier conceptual framework, which served as a blueprint for their seminal genetic association discovery they termed "Brain Reward Cascade." These findings were followed by a new way of understanding all addictive behaviors (substance and non-substance) termed "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS). RDS incorporates a complex multifaceted array of inheritable behaviors that are polygenic. OBJECTIVE In this review article, we attempt to clarify these terms and provide a working model to accurately diagnose and treat these unwanted behaviors. METHOD We are hereby proposing the development of a translational model we term "Reward Deficiency Solution System™" that incorporates neurogenetic testing and meso-limbic manipulation of a "hypodopaminergic" trait/state, which provides dopamine agonistic therapy (DAT) as well as reduced "dopamine resistance," while embracing "dopamine homeostasis." RESULT The result is better recovery and relapse prevention, despite DNA antecedents, which could impact the recovery process and relapse. Understanding the commonality of mental illness will transform erroneous labeling based on symptomatology, into a genetic and anatomical etiology. WC: 184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Nutrigenomics, RDSolutions, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Neuroscience Research and Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Division of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota College of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA;
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Department of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Simpatico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Claudia Fahlke
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Oscar-Berman M
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mona Li
- PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Wang C, Ding Y, Shen B, Gao D, An J, Peng K, Hou G, Zou L, Jiang M, Qiu S. Altered Gray Matter Volume in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Subclinical Cognitive Impairment: an Exploratory Study. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:453-463. [PMID: 28005183 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter volume deficits have been identified in cognitively impaired patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it remains unknown whether the gray matter volume is altered in COPD patients with subclinical cognitive impairment. To determine whether any gray matter abnormalities are present in these patients, neuropsychological tests and structural MRI data were analyzed from 60 patients with COPD and 60 age-, gender-, education-, and handedness-matched normal controls (NCs). The COPD patients had similar Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores compared with the NCs. However, they had reduced Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores for visuospatial and executive and naming and memory functions (P < 0.001). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed that the COPD patients had significantly lowered gray matter volumes in several brain regions, including the left precuneus (PrCU), bilateral calcarine (CAL), right superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG), bilateral fusiform gyrus (FG), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) (P < 0.01, corrected). Importantly, the forced vital capacity (FVC) was found to be associated with the gray matter volume in the calcarine. The present study confirmed that brain structural changes were present in stable COPD patients with subclinical cognitive impairment. These findings may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Yanhui Ding
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Bixian Shen
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Dehong Gao
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China
| | - Kewen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Liqiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nanshan Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518052, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510405, China.
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Behavioral impulsivity mediates the relationship between decreased frontal gray matter volume and harmful alcohol drinking: A voxel-based morphometry study. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 83:16-23. [PMID: 27529648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) with harmful drinking patterns is on the one hand characterized by impulsive behavior and is on the other hand known to involve structural brain alterations with lower gray matter volume (GMV), especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). So far it is unclear whether frontal brain volumes are associated to harmful alcohol drinking and impulsivity, while controlling simultaneously for a wide array of important confounding factors, which are related to alcohol consumption. We used voxel-based morphometry in 99 adults ranging within a continuum of normal to harmful drinking behavior and alcohol dependence, measured by the 'Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test', to examine whether the severity of harmful drinking is correlated with structural markers, in particular in the PFC and whether such markers are linked to self-reported impulsivity. We included alcohol and nicotine lifetime exposure, age, education, and BMI as covariates to control that GMV decreases were not related to those factors. Harmful drinking was associated with lower GMV in the right frontal pole, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobe. GMV loss in the PFC regions was correlated with increased impulsivity. Follow-up mediation analyses showed that the relationship between GMV in the frontal pole and harmful drinking was mediated by impulsivity. Our findings show that PFC reductions are associated with harmful drinking and impulsivity. Our data suggest that reduced frontal pole GM, independent of a number of alcohol drinking associated covariates, e.g. lifetime alcohol consumption, is related to impaired top-down control of alcohol drinking behavior.
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22
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Yang X, Tian F, Zhang H, Zeng J, Chen T, Wang S, Jia Z, Gong Q. Cortical and subcortical gray matter shrinkage in alcohol-use disorders: a voxel-based meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 66:92-103. [PMID: 27108216 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangfang Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Handi Zhang
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianguang Zeng
- School of Accounting, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sutherland MT, Riedel MC, Flannery JS, Yanes JA, Fox PT, Stein EA, Laird AR. Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:16. [PMID: 27251183 PMCID: PMC4890474 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas acute nicotine administration alters brain function which may, in turn, contribute to enhanced attention and performance, chronic cigarette smoking is linked with regional brain atrophy and poorer cognition. However, results from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies comparing smokers versus nonsmokers have been inconsistent and measures of gray matter possess limited ability to inform functional relations or behavioral implications. The purpose of this study was to address these interpretational challenges through meta-analytic techniques in the service of clarifying the impact of chronic smoking on gray matter integrity and more fully contextualizing such structural alterations. Methods We first conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of structural MRI studies to identify consistent structural alterations associated with chronic smoking. Subsequently, we conducted two additional meta-analytic assessments to enhance insight into potential functional and behavioral relations. Specifically, we performed a multimodal meta-analytic assessment to test the structural–functional hypothesis that smoking-related structural alterations overlapped those same regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations. Finally, we employed database driven tools to identify pairs of structurally impacted regions that were also functionally related via meta-analytic connectivity modeling, and then delineated behavioral phenomena associated with such functional interactions via behavioral decoding. Results Across studies, smoking was associated with convergent structural decreases in the left insula, right cerebellum, parahippocampus, multiple prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions, and the thalamus. Indicating a structural–functional relation, we observed that smoking-related gray matter decreases overlapped with the acute functional effects of nicotinic agonist administration in the left insula, ventromedial PFC, and mediodorsal thalamus. Suggesting structural-behavioral implications, we observed that the left insula’s task-based, functional interactions with multiple other structurally impacted regions were linked with pain perception, the right cerebellum’s interactions with other regions were associated with overt body movements, interactions between the parahippocampus and thalamus were linked with memory processes, and interactions between medial PFC regions were associated with face processing. Conclusions Collectively, these findings emphasize brain regions (e.g., ventromedial PFC, insula, thalamus) critically linked with cigarette smoking, suggest neuroimaging paradigms warranting additional consideration among smokers (e.g., pain processing), and highlight regions in need of further elucidation in addiction (e.g., cerebellum). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12993-016-0100-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, AHC-4, RM 312, 11200 S.W. 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, AHC-4, RM 312, 11200 S.W. 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, AHC-4, RM 312, 11200 S.W. 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Julio A Yanes
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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The effects of chronic smoking on the pathology of alcohol-related brain damage. Alcohol 2016; 53:35-44. [PMID: 27286935 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Both pathological and neuroimaging studies demonstrate that chronic alcohol abuse causes brain atrophy with widespread white matter loss limited gray matter loss. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that tobacco smoking also causes brain atrophy in both alcoholics and neurologically normal individuals; however, this has not been confirmed pathologically. In this study, the effects of smoking and the potential additive effects of concomitant alcohol and tobacco consumption were investigated in autopsied human brains. A total of 44 cases and controls were divided into four groups: 16 non-smoking controls, nine smoking controls, eight non-smoking alcoholics, and 11 smoking alcoholics. The volumes of 26 gray and white matter regions were measured using an established point-counting technique. The results showed trends for widespread white matter loss in alcoholics (p < 0.007) but no effect on gray matter regions. In contrast, smoking alone had no effect on brain atrophy and the combination of smoking and alcohol showed no additional effect. Neuronal density was analyzed as a more sensitive assay of gray matter integrity. Similar to the volumetric analysis, there was a reduction in neurons (29%) in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics, albeit this was only a trend when adjusted for potential confounders (p < 0.06). There were no smoking or combinatorial effects on neuronal density in any of the three regions examined. These results do not support the hypothesis that smoking exacerbates alcohol-related brain damage. The trends here support previous studies that alcohol-related brain damage is characterized by focal neuronal loss and generalized white matter atrophy. These disparate effects suggest that two different pathogenic mechanisms may be operating in the alcoholic brain. Future studies using ultrastructural or molecular techniques will be required to determine if smoking has more subtle effects on the brain and how chronic alcohol consumption leads to widespread white matter loss.
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25
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Blum K, Simpatico T, Febo M, Rodriquez C, Dushaj K, Li M, Braverman ER, Demetrovics Z, Oscar-Berman M, Badgaiyan RD. Hypothesizing Music Intervention Enhances Brain Functional Connectivity Involving Dopaminergic Recruitment: Common Neuro-correlates to Abusable Drugs. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3753-3758. [PMID: 27246565 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to explore the clinical significance of music listening on neuroplasticity and dopaminergic activation by understanding the role of music therapy in addictive behavior treatment. fMRI data has shown that music listening intensely modifies mesolimbic structural changes responsible for reward processing (e.g., nucleus accumbens [NAc]) and may control the emotional stimuli's effect on autonomic and physiological responses (e.g., hypothalamus). Music listening has been proven to induce the endorphinergic response blocked by naloxone, a common opioid antagonist. NAc opioid transmission is linked to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine release. There are remarkable commonalities between listening to music and the effect of drugs on mesolimbic dopaminergic activation. It has been found that musical training before the age of 7 results in changes in white-matter connectivity, protecting carriers with low dopaminergic function (DRD2A1 allele, etc.) from poor decision-making, reward dependence, and impulsivity. In this article, we briefly review a few studies on the neurochemical effects of music and propose that these findings are relevant to the positive clinical findings observed in the literature. We hypothesize that music intervention enhances brain white matter plasticity through dopaminergic recruitment and that more research is needed to explore the efficacy of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Box 100183, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0183, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Global Mental Health Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Division of Neuroscience -Based Therapy, Summit Estate Recovery Center, Las Gatos, CA, USA. .,Division of Addition Services, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA. .,PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA. .,IGENE, LLC, Austin, TX, USA. .,Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA. .,Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Division of Neuroscience Research & Addiction Therapy, Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA.
| | - Thomas Simpatico
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Global Mental Health Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Box 100183, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0183, USA
| | | | | | - Mona Li
- PATH Foundation NY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Neuromodulation Program, University of Minnesota Twin City Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry, University of Minnesota Twin City Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Thayer RE, Hagerty SL, Sabbineni A, Claus ED, Hutchison KE, Weiland BJ. Negative and interactive effects of sex, aging, and alcohol abuse on gray matter morphometry. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2276-92. [PMID: 26947584 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use is associated with declines in gray matter (GM) volume, as is the normal aging process. Less apparent, however, is how the interaction between aging and heavy alcohol use affects changes in GM across the lifespan. There is some evidence that women are more vulnerable to the negative effects of alcohol use on GM than men. In the current study, we examined whether localized GM was related to measures of alcohol use disorder (e.g., AUDIT score) in a large sample (N = 436) of participants, ages 18-55 years, with a range of disease severity, using both voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM). We also explored whether GM associations with alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity are moderated by sex and age. Results showed significant negative associations between AUD severity and GM volume throughout temporal, parietal, frontal, and occipital lobes. Women showed more negative effects of alcohol use than men for cortical thickness in left orbitofrontal cortex, but evidence for increased vulnerability based on sex was limited overall. Similarly, a specific age by alcohol use interaction was observed for volume of right insula, but other regional or global interactions were not statistically supported. However, significant negative associations between heavy alcohol use and GM volumes were observed as early as 18-25 years. These findings support that alcohol has deleterious effects on global and regional GM above and beyond age, and, of particular importance, that regional associations emerge in early adulthood. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2276-2292, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Thayer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Sarah L Hagerty
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Amithrupa Sabbineni
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Barbara J Weiland
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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T2 relaxation time alterations underlying neurocognitive deficits in alcohol-use disorders (AUD) in an Indian population: A combined conventional ROI and voxel-based relaxometry analysis. Alcohol 2015; 49:639-46. [PMID: 26537482 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-term heavy alcohol consumption has traditionally been associated with impaired cognitive abilities, such as deficits in abstract reasoning, problem solving, verbal fluency, memory, attention, and visuospatial processing. The present study aimed at exploring these neuropsychological deficits in alcohol-use disorders (AUD) in an Indian population using the Postgraduate Institute Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGIBBD) and their possible correlation with alterations in T2 relaxation times (T2-RT), using whole-brain voxel-based relaxometry (VBR) and conventional region of interest (ROI) approach. Multi-echo T2 mapping sequence was performed on 25 subjects with AUD and 25 healthy controls matched for age, education, and socioeconomic status. Whole-brain T2-RT measurements were conducted using VBR and conventional ROI approach. The study was carried out on a 3T whole-body MR scanner. Post processing for VBR and ROI analysis was performed using SPM 8 software and vendor-provided software, respectively. A PGIBBD test battery was conducted on all subjects to assess their cognitive abilities, and the results were reported as raw scores. VBR and ROI results revealed that AUD subjects showed prolonged T2-RTs in cerebellum bilaterally, parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally, right anterior cingulate cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left calcarine gyrus. A significant correlation was also observed between the neuropsychological test raw scores and alterations in T2-RT in AUD subjects. Our results are consistent with previous studies suggesting tissue disruption or gliosis or demyelination as a possible reason for prolonged T2-RTs. This damage to brain tissue, which is evident as prolonged T2-RT, could possibly be associated with impaired cognitive abilities noticeable in AUD subjects.
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28
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Valmas MM, Mosher Ruiz S, Gansler DA, Sawyer KS, Oscar-Berman M. Social cognition deficits and associations with drinking history in alcoholic men and women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2998-3007. [PMID: 25581654 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of a social cognition factor as an element of general cognition in healthy control and clinical populations. Recently developed measures of social cognition include the social perception and faces subtests of the Wechsler Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) Social Cognition module. While these measures have been validated on various clinical samples, they have not been studied in alcoholics. Alcoholism has been associated with emotional abnormalities and diminished social cognitive functioning as well as neuropathology of brain areas underlying social processing abilities. We used the ACS Social Perception and Faces subtests to assess alcoholism-related impairments in social cognition. METHODS Social cognitive functioning was assessed in 77 abstinent alcoholic individuals (37 women) and 59 nonalcoholic control participants (29 women), using measures of the ACS Social Cognition module and subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) that contain a social cognition component (Picture Completion and Comprehension). Group and gender differences in ACS and WAIS-IV performance were assessed, as well as relationships between measures of alcoholism severity and social cognitive functioning. RESULTS Alcoholics performed significantly worse than nonalcoholics on the ACS measures of Affect Naming and Faces Content. Alcoholic men were impaired relative to alcoholic women on Prosody Face Matching and Faces Content scores. Among alcoholics, longer durations of heavy drinking were associated with poorer performance on Affect Naming, and a greater number of daily drinks were associated with lower Prosody Face Matching performance. For alcoholic women, a longer duration of abstinence was associated with better performance on Affect Naming. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic men and women showed different patterns of associations between alcoholism indices and clinically validated social cognition assessments. These findings extend into the social cognition domain, previous literature demonstrating the presence of cognitive deficits in alcoholism, their association with alcoholism severity, and variability by gender. Moreover, because impairments in social cognition can persist despite extended abstinence, they have important implications for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Valmas
- Psychology Research Service , VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology , Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology , Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Durazzo TC, Mon A, Gazdzinski S, Yeh PH, Meyerhoff DJ. Serial longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data indicate non-linear regional gray matter volume recovery in abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals. Addict Biol 2015; 20:956-67. [PMID: 25170881 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The trajectory of regional volume changes during the first year of sustained abstinence in those recovering from an alcohol use disorder is unclear because previous research typically employed only two assessment points. To better understand the trajectory of regional brain volume recovery in treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals (ALC), regional brain volumes were measured after 1 week, 1 month and 7.5 months of sustained abstinence via magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T. ALC showed significant volume increases in frontal, parietal and occipital gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), total cortical GM and total lobar WM, thalamus and cerebellum, and decreased ventricular volume over 7.5 months of abstinence. Volume increases in regional GM were significantly greater over 1 week to 1 month than from 1 month to 7.5 months of abstinence, indicating a non-linear rate of change in regional GM over 7.5 months. Overall, regional lobar WM showed linear volume increases over 7.5 months. With increasing age, smoking ALC showed lower frontal and total cortical GM volume recovery than non-smoking ALC. Despite significant volume increases, ALC showed smaller GM volumes in all regions, except the frontal cortex, than controls after 7.5 months of abstinence. ALC and controls showed no regional WM volume differences at any assessment point. In non-smoking ALC only, increasing regional GM and WM volumes were related to improving processing speed. Findings may indicate a differential rate of recovery of cell types/cellular components contributing to GM and WM volume during early abstinence, and that GM volume deficits persist after 7.5 months of sustained sobriety in this ALC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Durazzo
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND); San Francisco VA Medical Center; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Anderson Mon
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND); San Francisco VA Medical Center; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Stefan Gazdzinski
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND); San Francisco VA Medical Center; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Ping-Hong Yeh
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND); San Francisco VA Medical Center; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Dieter J. Meyerhoff
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND); San Francisco VA Medical Center; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco CA USA
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30
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Blum K, Febo M, Thanos PK, Baron D, Fratantonio J, Gold M. Clinically Combating Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) with Dopamine Agonist Therapy as a Paradigm Shift: Dopamine for Dinner? Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1862-1869. [PMID: 25750061 PMCID: PMC4586005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Everyday, there are several millions of people that are increasingly unable to combat their frustrating and even fatal romance with getting high and/or experiencing “normal” feelings of well-being. In the USA, the FDA has approved pharmaceuticals for drug and alcohol abuse: tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) remarkably continue to provide an increasing understanding of the intricate functions of brain reward circuitry through sophisticated neuroimaging and molecular genetic applied technology. Similar work is intensely investigated on a worldwide basis with enhanced clarity and increased interaction between not only individual scientists but across many disciplines. However, while it is universally agreed that dopamine is a major neurotransmitter in terms of reward dependence, there remains controversy regarding how to modulate its role clinically to treat and prevent relapse for both substance and non-substance-related addictive behaviors. While the existing FDA-approved medications promote blocking dopamine, we argue that a more prudent paradigm shift should be biphasic—short-term blockade and long-term upregulation, enhancing functional connectivity of brain reward circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256 USA
- Human Integrated Services Unit, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
- Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI USA
- Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu, CA USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256 USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavior Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - David Baron
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - James Fratantonio
- Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI USA
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256 USA
- Department of Research, Rivermernd Health, Atlanta, GA USA
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31
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Abstract
There is a high prevalence of comorbid tobacco use and alcohol use disorder (AUD), affecting more than 6 million people in the US. Globally, tobacco and alcohol use rank fourth and fifth, respectively, for disability-adjusted life-years lost. Levels of alcohol use are higher in smokers than nonsmokers, and the prevalence of smoking is higher in heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers. This relationship is driven by many different factors, including genetics, neurobiological mechanisms, conditioning processes, and psychosocial influences. Although this unique population tends to experience more negative health consequences, more severe AUD, and poorer response to treatment than those with either AUD or tobacco use disorder alone, there are currently no available treatment protocols tailored to this comorbid condition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of ongoing clinical research into smoking cessation options for heavy-drinking smokers (HDS) through an evaluation of the effect of promising novel pharmacotherapies as well as combination therapies, including varenicline, naltrexone, the combination of varenicline and naltrexone, and the combination of naltrexone and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). These treatments are considered in light of the standard of care for smoking cessation, and seek to improve upon the available guidelines for this sizeable subgroup of smokers, namely those smokers who drink heavily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Yardley
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Michael M Mirbaba
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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32
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Fowler AK, Thompson J, Chen L, Dagda M, Dertien J, Dossou KSS, Moaddel R, Bergeson SE, Kruman II. Differential sensitivity of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus to alcohol-induced toxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106945. [PMID: 25188266 PMCID: PMC4154772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a brain region responsible for executive functions including working memory, impulse control and decision making. The loss of these functions may ultimately lead to addiction. Using histological analysis combined with stereological technique, we demonstrated that the PFC is more vulnerable to chronic alcohol-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death than the hippocampus. This increased vulnerability is evidenced by elevated oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and enhanced expression of apoptotic markers in PFC neurons. We also found that one-carbon metabolism (OCM) impairment plays a significant role in alcohol toxicity to the PFC seen from the difference in the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on DNA repair and from exaggeration of the damaging effects upon additional OCM impairment in mice deficient in a key OCM enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Given that damage to the PFC leads to loss of executive function and addiction, our study may shed light on the mechanism of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kate Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marisela Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janet Dertien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katina Sylvestre S. Dossou
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Bergeson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Inna I. Kruman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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