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Jan S, Iram S, Bashir O, Shah SN, Kamal MA, Rahman S, Kim J, Jan AT. Unleashed Treasures of Solanaceae: Mechanistic Insights into Phytochemicals with Therapeutic Potential for Combatting Human Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:724. [PMID: 38475570 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants that possess a diverse range of bioactive compounds are essential for maintaining human health and survival. The diversity of bioactive compounds with distinct therapeutic potential contributes to their role in health systems, in addition to their function as a source of nutrients. Studies on the genetic makeup and composition of bioactive compounds have revealed them to be rich in steroidal alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolics. The Solanaceae family, having a rich abundance of bioactive compounds with varying degrees of pharmacological activities, holds significant promise in the management of different diseases. Investigation into Solanum species has revealed them to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerogenic effects. Phytochemical analysis of isolated compounds such as diosgenin, solamargine, solanine, apigenin, and lupeol has shown them to be cytotoxic in different cancer cell lines, including liver cancer (HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-772), lung cancer (A549, H441, H520), human breast cancer (HBL-100), and prostate cancer (PC3). Since analysis of their phytochemical constituents has shown them to have a notable effect on several signaling pathways, a great deal of attention has been paid to identifying the biological targets and cellular mechanisms involved therein. Considering the promising aspects of bioactive constituents of different Solanum members, the main emphasis was on finding and reporting notable cultivars, their phytochemical contents, and their pharmacological properties. This review offers mechanistic insights into the bioactive ingredients intended to treat different ailments with the least harmful effects for potential applications in the advancement of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Department of School Education, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheezma Nazir Shah
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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da Silva MF, de Lima LVA, de Oliveira LM, Semprebon SC, Silva NDO, de Aguiar AP, Mantovani MS. Regulation of cytokinesis and necroptosis pathways by diosgenin inhibits the proliferation of NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 330:122033. [PMID: 37598976 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim Overcoming resistance to apoptosis and antimitotic chemotherapy is crucial for effective treatment of lung cancer. Diosgenin (DG), a promising phytochemical, can regulate various molecular pathways implicated in tumor formation and progression. However, the precise biological activity of DG in lung cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative activity of DG in NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells to explore the underlying antimitotic mechanisms and alternative cell death pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a 2D culture system, we analyzed cell viability, multinucleated cell frequency, cell concentration, cell cycle changes, cell death induction, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nuclear DNA damage, particularly in relation to target gene expression. We also evaluated the antiproliferative activity of DG in a 3D culture system of spheroids, assessing volume changes, cell death induction, and inhibition of proliferation recovery and clonogenic growth. KEY FINDINGS DG reduced cell viability and concentration while increasing the frequency of cells with multiple nuclei, particularly binucleated cells resulting from daughter cell fusion. This effect was associated with genes involved in cytokinesis regulation (RAB35, OCRL, BIRC5, and AURKB). Additionally, DG-induced cell death was linked to necroptosis, as evidenced by increased intracellular ROS production and RIPK3, MLKL, TRAF2, and HSPA5 gene expression. In tumor spheroids, DG increased spheroid volume, induced cell death, and inhibited proliferation recovery and clonogenic growth. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides new insights into the biological activities of DG in lung cancer cells, contributing to the development of novel oncological therapies.
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Ren QL, Wang Q, Zhang XQ, Wang M, Hu H, Tang JJ, Yang XT, Ran YH, Liu HH, Song ZX, Liu JG, Li XL. Anticancer Activity of Diosgenin and Its Molecular Mechanism. Chin J Integr Med 2023:10.1007/s11655-023-3693-1. [PMID: 36940072 PMCID: PMC10026233 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum, Dioscorea, and Rhizoma polgonati, has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, and leukemia. This article aims to provide an overview of the in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's anticancer effects. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects of diosgenin on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and growth, promoting apoptosis, inducing differentiation and autophagy, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis and invasion, blocking cell cycle, regulating immunity and improving gut microbiome. Clinical investigations have revealed clinical dosage and safety property of diosgenin. Furthermore, in order to improve the biological activity and bioavailability of diosgenin, this review focuses on the development of diosgenin nano drug carriers, combined drugs and the diosgenin derivatives. However, further designed trials are needed to unravel the diosgenin's deficiencies in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Li Ren
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xin-Qun Zhang
- Zheng'an County people's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Jun-Jie Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xiong-Tong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Ying-Hui Ran
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Higher Education Institution, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
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Zhang J, Wang W, Tian Y, Ma L, Zhou L, Sun H, Ma Y, Hou H, Wang X, Ye J, Wang X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diosgenin-benzoic acid mustard hybrids with potential anti-proliferative activities in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1299-1314. [PMID: 35652316 PMCID: PMC9176691 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover new lead compounds with anti-tumour activities, in the present study, natural diosgenin was hybridised with the reported benzoic acid mustard pharmacophore. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the resulting newly synthesised hybrids (8–10, 14a–14f, and 15a–15f) was then evaluated in three tumour cells (HepG2, MCF-7, and HeLa) as well as normal GES-1 cells. Among them, 14f possessed the most potential anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 2.26 µM, which was 14.4-fold higher than that of diosgenin (IC50 = 32.63 µM). Furthermore, it showed weak cytotoxicity against GES-1 cells (IC50 > 100 µM), thus exhibiting good antiproliferative selectivity between normal and tumour cells. Moreover, 14f could induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. From a mechanistic perspective, 14f regulated cell cycle-related proteins (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and cyclin E1) as well mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 9, and caspase 3). These findings suggested that hybrid 14f serves as a promising anti-hepatoma lead compound that deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenbao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China.,Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Tian
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
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Wang W, Li C, Chen Z, Zhang J, Ma L, Tian Y, Ma Y, Guo L, Wang X, Ye J, Wang X. Novel diosgenin-amino acid-benzoic acid mustard trihybrids exert antitumor effects via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 216:106038. [PMID: 34861390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In discovering new powerful antitumor agents, two series of novel diosgenin-amino acid-benzoic acid mustard trihybrids (7a-7 g and 12a-12 g) were designed and synthesized. The antiproliferative activities were tested against five human tumor cell lines and one normal cell line using CCK-8 assays. Among the trihybrids, 12e was the most promising compound, which inhibited T24 cells with IC50 value of 6.96 μM, and was stronger than its parent compound diosgenin (IC50 = 32.33 μM). In addition, 12e had weak cytotoxicity on the normal GES-1 cell line (IC50 = 213.74 μM). Moreover, 12e could cause G2/M cell cycle arrest, increase the percentage of apoptosis, induce mitochondrial depolarization, and promote reactive oxygen species generation in T24 cells. Further studies on antitumor mechanism demonstrated that 12e triggered the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) apoptotic pathways. More importantly, 12e could inhibit T24 cell proliferation in an in vivo zebrafish xenograft model. Therefore, 12e, as a novel trihybrid with potent cytotoxicity, might be applied as a promising skeleton for antitumor agents, which deserved further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China; Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
| | - Chuan Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Tian
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, PR China
| | - Yukun Ma
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lina Guo
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jin Ye
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Sharma A, Daştan SD, Kumar M, Alshehri MM, Taheri Y, Das R, Mitra S, Emran TB, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1035441. [PMID: 35677108 PMCID: PMC9168095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1035441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin's nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin's safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar-23561, K.P .K, Pakistan
| | - Anshu Sharma
- 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, 173230, India
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- 6Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- 7Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- 8Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajib Das
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- 11Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- 12Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 13Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Calina
- 14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 15Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Gu L, Zheng H, Zhao R, Zhang X, Wang Q. Diosgenin inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via inducing mesoderm posterior 1 down-regulation-mediated alternative reading frame expression. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S632-S645. [PMID: 34806916 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211053292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether and how mesoderm posterior 1 (MESP1) plays a role in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells remain unclear. METHODS The expression of MESP1 was compared in 48 human gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of MESP1 was performed to investigate the role of MESP1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of BGC-823 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of alternative reading frame (ARF) was performed to study the role of ARF in the inhibitory effect of MESP1 knockdown on cell proliferation in gastric cancer cells. Mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model bearing BGC-823 cells was used to investigate the role of MESP1 in the growth of gastric tumor in vivo. The effect of seven active ingredients from T. terrestris on MESP1 expression was tested. The anti-cancer effect of diosgenin was confirmed in gastric cancer cells. MESP1 dependence of the anti-cancer effect of diosgenin was confirmed by MESP1 knockdown. RESULTS MESP1 was highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues (p < 0.05). MESP1 knockdown induced apoptosis and up-regulated the expression of ARF in gastric cancer cells (p < 0.05). Knockdown of ARF attenuated the anti-cancer effect of MESP1 knockdown (p < 0.05). In addition, MESP1 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth in vivo (p < 0.05). Diosgenin inhibits both mRNA and protein expression of MESP1 (p < 0.05). MESP1 knockdown attenuated the anti-cancer effect of diosgenin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MESP1 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via inhibiting ARF expression. Diosgenin exerts anti-cancer effect through inhibiting MESP1 expression in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
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Arya P, Kumar P. Diosgenin a steroidal compound: An emerging way to cancer management. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e14005. [PMID: 34799857 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To endure respective research for cancer via common food ingredients has become more prominent with preferably minuscule toxicity. Spices are emerging as a new source of bioactive compounds which have the potential to cure cancer. Fenugreek is rich in diosgenin that has curative and preventive potency toward various cancers. Cancer is invading various cellular mechanisms by altering cellular receptors. Cancer falsifies healthy cells by altered cell receptors like p38, p53, mTOR, Akt, and PARP. Distinct stages of cancer development are triggered by various cellular mechanisms. Diosgenin helps in suppressing cancer mechanisms and induces programmed cell death. Diosgenin brought changes in treatment line of lung, breast, prostate, liver, and colon cancer. Apoptosis changes cytoplasmic different caspase pathways and triggers selected sequence for cancer cell line death. Cell death comprised of series of events carried out by metalloprotease caspase. The complex relationship among cancer, caspase, cell death, and cellular receptors is reviewed in this article in respect of diosgenin. The utilization of diosgenin in creating a bar for cancer, its triggering sites, and various ways to cause apoptosis of abnormal cells. This article focused on diosgenin, its role in the prevention of different cancer and cellular apoptosis throughout different pathways involved in complex interaction of bioactive compound-cellular mechanism cancer. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The concept of curing diseases from daily routine food is quite old. Fenugreek is an excellent source of various bioactive compounds especially diosgenin. Diosgenin is steroidal sapogenin that cures various health issues including cancers. Cancer is one of the most life-threating disease which can affect any cell, tissue, and organ in living system. Diosgenin is proved to be beneficial in terms curing cancer of various types but majorly include lung, liver, colon breast, and prostate. Cancer cure with diosgenin is providing a new base to the pharmaceutical and medical researchers to commence new and more specific journey of diosgenin. Diosgenin could alter cellular pathways that modify cell mechanism in way toward treating cancer. Cell mechanism mainly affected by the interaction of cell signals and cell different receptors that cause triggered cell death. This review article focused over various cancer and diosgenin effect in controlling different cellular pathways which include cellular signaling and cell death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajya Arya
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
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Zhou Y, Farooqi AA, Xu B. Comprehensive review on signaling pathways of dietary saponins in cancer cells suppression. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-26. [PMID: 34751072 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics utilizes high-throughput genomic technologies to reveal changes in gene and protein levels. Excitingly, ever-growing body of scientific findings has provided sufficient evidence about the interplay between diet and genes. Cutting-edge research and advancements in genomics, epigenetics and metabolomics have deepened our understanding on the role of dietary factors in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Dietary saponins, a type of triterpene glycosides, are generally found in Platycodon grandifloras, Dioscorea oppositifolia, asparagus, legumes, and sea cucumber. Wealth of information has started to shed light on pleiotropic mechanistic roles of dietary saponins in cancer prevention and inhibition. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the in vitro research of dietary saponins in the last two decades by searching common databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results showed that dietary saponins exerted anti-cancer activities via regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, arrest cell cycle, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis, by regulation of several critical signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and VEGF/VEGFR. However, there is no data about the dosage of dietary saponins for practical anti-cancer effects in human bodies. Extensive clinical studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of dietary saponins for further commercial and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Li SY, Shang J, Mao XM, Fan R, Li HQ, Li RH, Shen DY. Diosgenin exerts anti-tumor effects through inactivation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174370. [PMID: 34324855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most fatal gastrointestinal tumor and it is urge to explore powerful drugs for the treatment. Diosgenin (DSG) as a new steroidal had been reported exerts anti-tumor activity in multiple cancers, including CRC. However, the potential mechanism of DSG suppresses CRC remains further to be revealed. Here, we reported that DSG inhibited proliferation of CRC cells in dose- and time-dependent manner, induced apoptosis by modulating p53 and Bcl-2 family proteins expression to mediate mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, suppressed migration and invasion by reducing MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase) and decreased aerobic glycolysis by mediating glucose transporter (GLUT) like GLUT3 and GLUT4, and pyruvate carboxylase PC downregulation. Intriguingly, mechanistic study suggests those phenotypes involved DSG inhibited cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in CRC cells, and result to inhibit the phosphorylation of CREB to regulate the transcription of genes above-mentioned. Finally, nude mice xenograft tumor model further indicated that DSG could be a great agent to suppress the growth of CRC cells in vivo and have no obvious side effects. Taken together, we revealed a unique mechanism that DSG suppresses CRC cells through cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and DSG is a promising candidate drug for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Li
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui-Qi Li
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rui-Han Li
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China.
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Wang W, Chen Z, Chen X, Ni S, Jia Y, Fan L, Ma L. DG-8d, a novel diosgenin derivative, decreases the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. Steroids 2021; 174:108898. [PMID: 34339756 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung neoplasm has a relatively poor prognosis, and the clinical efficacy of targeted medicine remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of novel efficient anti-lung cancer drugs is urgently needed. In our previous study, we showed that a novel diosgenin derivative 8d (DG-8d), which contained 5-(3-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety, had significant cytotoxic activity on human tumor cells, especially the A549 cells. However, the underlying mechanism of DG-8d was unknown. In this study, the pharmacological effect of DG-8d on the A549 cells was inspected. METHOD Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 assays, morphological changes and quantitative analysis of flow cytometry. Levels of gene and protein expression of apoptosis-related and PI3k/Akt pathway were evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunostaining and Western blot analysis. RESULT The findings proved that DG-8d could inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The effect of DG-8d on the proliferation and apoptosis in the A549 cells were improved with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). Moreover, the effect of DG-8d on apoptosis was further confirmed by AO-EB dye, mitochondrial depolarization and accrued intracellular ROS. Gene and protein detection showed that DG-8d or DG-8d combined with LY294002 could down-regulate signaling molecules of Bcl-2, PI3k, p-Akt, p-FoxO3a and up-regulate signaling molecules of Bax snd Bim. In addition, nuclear translocation of FoxO3a was observed significantly in the cells. CONCLUSION DG-8d could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of the A549 cells, which maybe mainly because of the suppression of the PI3k/Akt pathways. Finally, we believe that DG-8d can be developed as a possible agent for carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Wang
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Shiyu Ni
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163001, China
| | - Yongming Jia
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Li Fan
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- Qiqihaer Medical University, Heilongjiang Qiqihaer 161006, China.
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12
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Kim HS, Oh HN, Kwak AW, Kim E, Lee MH, Seo JH, Cho SS, Yoon G, Chae JI, Shim JH. Deoxypodophyllotoxin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Blocking EGFR and MET in Gefitinib-Resistant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:559-569. [PMID: 33746190 PMCID: PMC9705898 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As one of the major types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatments for NSCLC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Among the targeted therapies, resistance to inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is common and remains a problem to be solved. MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) amplification is one of the major causes of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Therefore, there exists a need to find new and more efficacious therapies. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) extracted from Anthriscus sylvestris roots exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. In this study we sought to determine the anti-cancer effects of DPT on HCC827GR cells, which are resistant to gefitinib (EGFR-TKI) due to regulation of EGFR and MET and their related signaling pathways. To identify the direct binding of DPT to EGFR and MET, we performed pull-down, ATP-binding, and kinase assays. DPT exhibited competitive binding with ATP against the network kinases EGFR and MET and reduced their activities. Also, DPT suppressed the expression of p-EGFR and p-MET as well as their downstreat proteins p-ErbB3, p-AKT, and p-ERK. The treatment of HCC827GR cells with DPT induced high ROS generation that led to endoplasmic-reticulum stress. Accordingly, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis by multi-caspase activation were observed. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the apoptotic effects of DPT on HCC827GR cells and signify the potential of DPT to serve as an adjuvant anti-cancer drug by simultaneously inhibiting EGFR and MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea,
J.I. Chae Phone: +82-63-270-4024 Fax: +82-63-270-4037 E-mail:
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China,Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H. Shim Phone: +82-61-450-2684 Fax: +82-61-450-2689 E-mail:
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Tan L, Cao Z, Chen H, Xie Y, Yu L, Fu C, Zhao W, Wang Y. Curcumin reduces apoptosis and promotes osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells under oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2021; 270:119125. [PMID: 33513394 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) tether the teeth to the surrounding bone and are considered as major functional stem cells responsible for regeneration of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament tissue. However, the outcome of stem cell regenerative therapy is affected by the survival rate and their differentiation potential of transplanted cells. This is primarily because of local oxidative stress and chronic inflammation at the transplantation site. Therefore, our study aimed to explore whether a natural antioxidant, curcumin could increase the tissue regeneration ability of transplanted hPDLSCs. MAIN METHODS A hydrogen peroxide environment and a rat cranial bone defect model were built to mimic the oxidative stress conditions in vitro and in vivo, respectively. We evaluated the effect of curcumin on oxidative status, apoptosis, mitochondrial function and osteogenic differentiation of H2O2-stimulated hPDLSCs in vitro. We also measured the effect of curcumin on cell viability and bone repair ability of transplanted hPDLSCs in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Our data showed that curcumin enhanced cell proliferation, reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis, maintained the standard mitochondrial structure and function, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of H2O2-stimulated hPDLSCs. The extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) signaling pathway was determined to be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of the H2O2-stimulated hPDLSCs. Moreover, curcumin enhanced the viability and the bone repair ability of hPDLSCs in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Curcumin reduced apoptosis and promoted osteogenesis of the hPDLSCs under oxidative stress, and might therefore have a potential clinical use with respect to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Tan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zeyuan Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Le Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chuanqiang Fu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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14
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Design and synthesis of diosgenin derivatives as apoptosis inducers through mitochondria-related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113361. [PMID: 33740546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DSG) has attracted attention recently as a potential anticancer therapeutic agent due to its profound antitumor activity. To better utilize DSG as an antitumor compound, two series of DSG-amino acid ester derivatives (3a-3g and 7a-7g) were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxic activities against six human cancer cell lines (K562, T24, MNK45, HepG2, A549, and MCF-7) were evaluated. The results obtained showed that a majority of derivatives exhibited cytotoxic activities against these six human tumor cells. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the introduction of l-tryptophan to the C-3 position of DSG and the C-26 position of derivative 5 was the preferred option for these compounds to display significant cytotoxic activities. Among them, compound 7g exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line (IC50 = 4.41 μM) and was 6.8-fold more potent than diosgenin (IC50 = 30.04 μM). Further cellular mechanism studies in K562 cells elucidated that compound 7g triggered mitochondrial-related apoptosis by increasing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was associated with upregulation of the gene and protein expression levels of Bax, downregulation of the gene and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and activation of the caspase cascade. The above results suggested that compound 7g might be considered a promising scaffold for further modification of more potent anticancer agents.
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Sharma N, Singhal M, Kumari RM, Gupta N, Manchanda R, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Nimesh S. Diosgenin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles with Potential Anticancer Efficacy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1679. [PMID: 33339083 PMCID: PMC7765552 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the anticancer efficacy of diosgenin encapsulated poly-glycerol malate co-dodecanedioate (PGMD) nanoparticles. Diosgenin loaded PGMD nanoparticles (variants 7:3 and 6:4) were synthesized by the nanoprecipitation method. The synthesis of PGMD nanoparticles was systematically optimized employing the Box-Behnken design and taking into account the influence of various independent variables such as concentrations of each PGMD, diosgenin and PF-68 on the responses such as size and PDI of the particles. Mathematical modeling was done using the Quadratic second order modeling method and response surface analysis was undertaken to elucidate the factor-response relationship. The obtained size of PGMD 7:3 and PGMD 6:4 nanoparticles were 133.6 nm and 121.4 nm, respectively, as measured through dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment efficiency was in the range of 77-83%. The in vitro drug release studies showed diffusion and dissolution controlled drug release pattern following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Furthermore, in vitro morphological and cytotoxic studies were performed to evaluate the toxicity of synthesized drug loaded nanoparticles in model cell lines. The IC50 after 48 h was observed to be 27.14 µM, 15.15 µM and 13.91 µM for free diosgenin, PGMD 7:3 and PGMD 6:4 nanoparticles, respectively, when administered in A549 lung carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (N.S.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Monisha Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur 302020, India; (M.S.); (N.G.)
| | - R. Mankamna Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (N.S.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur 302020, India; (M.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Romila Manchanda
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Surendra Nimesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India; (N.S.); (R.M.K.)
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Parama D, Boruah M, Yachna K, Rana V, Banik K, Harsha C, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Arya A, Mao X, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: Effective therapies against different chronic diseases. Life Sci 2020; 260:118182. [PMID: 32781063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide, and despite the recent development in treatment modalities, synthetic drugs have continued to show toxic side effects and development of chemoresistance, thereby limiting their application. The use of phytochemicals has gained attention as they show minimal side effects. Diosgenin is one such phytochemical which has gained importance for its efficacy against the life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, nervous system disorders, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, and many more. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the potential of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating different molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. METHOD A detailed literature search has been carried out on PubMed for gathering information related to the sources, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and toxicity of diosgenin and its analogs. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that reported the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, etc., which play a crucial role in the development of most of the diseases. Reports have also revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for enhancing its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the review summarizes the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs for developing as a potent drug against several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Monikongkona Boruah
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Kumari Yachna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Diosgenin Exerts Antitumor Activity via Downregulation of Skp2 in Breast Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8072639. [PMID: 32626765 PMCID: PMC7317312 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8072639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality in women. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) has been characterized to play an oncogenic role in the breast carcinogenesis and progression. Therefore, inactivation of Skp2 in breast cancer might be a novel approach for fighting breast malignancy. A natural compound diosgenin has been reported to exert anticancer activity in a variety of human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully determined. Methods In this study, we aim to explore whether diosgenin performed antitumor activity via inhibition of Skp2 in breast cancer cells using several methods including MTT, Transwell invasion assay, RT-PCR, western blotting, and transfection. Results We found that diosgenin inhibited cell viability and stimulated apoptosis. Moreover, we found that diosgenin reduced cell invasion in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, diosgenin inhibited the expression of Skp2 in breast cancer cells. Notably, diosgenin reduced cell viability and motility and induced apoptosis via suppression of Skp2 in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Our findings revealed that diosgenin could be a potential inhibitor of Skp2 for treating breast cancer.
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Taleb Agha M, Baharetha HM, Al-Mansoub MA, Tabana YM, Kaz Abdul Aziz NH, Yam MF, Abdul Majid AMS. Proapoptotic and Antiangiogenic Activities of Arctium Lappa L. on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:7286053. [PMID: 32509375 PMCID: PMC7254072 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7286053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the bioactivity-guided fractionation was conducted on the aerial parts of Arctium lappa L. and then the extracts were tested in vitro on breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal cancer (HCT-116), and normal cells (EA.hy926). The n-hexane fraction (EHX) of the ethanolic extract showed strong activity against both MCF-7 and EA.hy926 cell lines (IC50 values: 14.08 ± 3.64 and 27.25 ± 3.45 μg/mL, respectively). The proapoptotic activity of EHX was assessed using MCF-7. Morphological alterations were visualized using Hoechst staining and a transmission electron microscope. Cancer cell signal transduction pathways were investigated, and EHX significantly upregulated p53, TGF-β, and NF-κB. Furthermore, EHX was found to disrupt the metastatic cascade of breast cancer cells by the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colonization. The antiangiogenic activity of EHX fraction showed potent inhibition of rat aorta microvessels with IC50 value: 4.34 ± 1.64 μg/mL. This result was supported by the downregulation of VEGF-A expression up to 54%. Over 20 compounds were identified in EHX using GC-MS, of which stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, and 3-O-acetyllupeol are the major active compounds. Phytochemical analysis of EHX showed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents with a substantial antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that A. lappa has valuable anticancer activity and antiangiogenic properties that might be useful in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Taleb Agha
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hussein M. Baharetha
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Al Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yasser M. Tabana
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nur Hidayah Kaz Abdul Aziz
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Testing & Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pinang, Malaysia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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