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Kollipara S, Chougule M, Boddu R, Bhatia A, Ahmed T. Playing Hide-and-Seek with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Can We Overcome Administration Challenges? AAPS J 2024; 26:66. [PMID: 38862853 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated significant efficacy against various types of cancers through molecular targeting mechanisms. Over the past 22 years, more than 100 TKIs have been approved for the treatment of various types of cancer indicating the significant progress achieved in this research area. Despite having significant efficacy and ability to target multiple pathways, TKIs administration is associated with challenges. There are reported inconsistencies between observed food effect and labeling administration, challenges of concomitant administration with acid-reducing agents (ARA), pill burden and dosing frequency. In this context, the objective of present review is to visit administration challenges of TKIs and effective ways to tackle them. We have gathered data of 94 TKIs approved in between 2000 and 2022 with respect to food effect, ARA impact, administration schemes (food and PPI restrictions), number of pills per day and administration frequency. Further, trend analysis has been performed to identify inconsistencies in the labeling with respect to observed food effect, molecules exhibiting ARA impact, in order to identify solutions to remove these restrictions through novel formulation approaches. Additionally, opportunities to reduce number of pills per day and dosing frequency for better patient compliance were suggested using innovative formulation interventions. Finally, utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) for rationale formulation development was discussed with literature reported examples. Overall, this review can act as a ready-to-use-guide for the formulation, biopharmaceutics scientists and medical oncologists to identify opportunities for innovation for TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivacharan Kollipara
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Mahendra Chougule
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Rajkumar Boddu
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Ashima Bhatia
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India
| | - Tausif Ahmed
- Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally, Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, 500 090, Telangana, India.
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Arrey Agbor DB, Karumanchi A, Adivi S, Mohammed MA, Ur Rehman W, Chaudhari SS, Soe TM, Ali N. Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Deferoxamine, Deferasirox, and Deferiprone in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease or Transfusion-Dependent Anemia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Cureus 2024; 16:e53644. [PMID: 38455804 PMCID: PMC10919752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This network meta-analysis was conducted with the aim of comparing the efficacy and safety of deferiprone (DFP), deferasirox (DFX), and deferoxamine (DFO) in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) or transfusion-dependent anemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)" guidelines. The search was conducted on electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHIL, and EMBASE, from the inception of databases to January 10, 2024. Outcomes assessed in this study included a change in liver iron concentration (LIC) and a change in ferritin from baseline. For safety analysis, adverse events were compared among three treatment groups. A total of five studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that the change in LIC and serum ferritin from baseline was not significantly different in patients with SCD or other anemias. In terms of adverse events, deferiprone was the safest among all. In conclusion, deferiprone demonstrated noninferiority to deferoxamine and deferasirox in measures of iron load, presenting a viable treatment option. Safety outcomes revealed deferasirox carried a higher risk of adverse events compared to deferiprone, supporting its favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Santoshini Adivi
- Medicine, Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, IND
| | | | - Wajeeh Ur Rehman
- General Physician, Saidu Medical College, Khyber Medical University, Swat, PAK
| | - Sandipkumar S Chaudhari
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Family Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, USA
| | - Thin M Soe
- Medicine, University of Medicine (1), Yangon, Yangon, MMR
| | - Neelum Ali
- Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PAK
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Vashishth R, Chuong MC, Duarte JC, Gharat Y, Kerr SG. Two Sustained Release Membranes Used in Formulating Low Strength Testosterone Reservoir Transdermal Patches. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:438-450. [PMID: 36927432 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230316115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several Testosterone Replacement Therapies exist for hypogonadism, but an in-depth analysis of these products reveals a high dosing frequency and a high drug loading, up to 120 mg for a potent drug like Testosterone. This may lead to patient non-compliance and toxicity problems if used improperly. Androderm® is the only 24-hour marketed transdermal patch. Testopel pellets are another extended-release product given subcutaneously every 3-6 months. But it requires surgical implantation and is associated with severe adverse effects. For this reason, the development of other extended- release testosterone products is needed. The study aims at using different excipients for the exploration of sustained-release patches. METHODS Reservoir formulations were prepared using Carbomer 941 and HPMC K100M as the sustained- release polymers plus CoTran™ 9702 and CoTran™ 9712 as the release membranes. The formulated patches were subjected to in vitro dissolution for 24 h. The amount of drug release at each time point was determined using the developed HPLC assay. FDA Similarity Factor, f2, t-test, and ANOVA were applied to all nine-point collected samples. RESULTS CoTran™ 9712 membrane was found to be a better candidate than CoTran™ 9702. The in vitro release profiles of the four formulations were compared (Carbomer vs. HPMC, and CoTran™ 9702 vs. CoTran™ 9712). CONCLUSION CoTran™ 9702 releases testosterone significantly lower. Carbomer and CoTran™ 9712 were the best formulation among all with the highest drug release of 2.16 ± 0.36 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Vashishth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, USA
| | - Monica C Chuong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, USA
| | - Juan Chang Duarte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, USA
| | - Yadnya Gharat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen G Kerr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, USA
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Fadil HA, Sammman WA, Elshafie RM. Prevalence of Nonadherence to Medications among Geriatric Patients in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara City's Hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:3312310. [PMID: 37942085 PMCID: PMC10630004 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3312310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medication adherence is a major component in the treatment of chronic patients, especially the older adults. It acts as an essential part of a successful therapeutic outcome, increasing treatment benefits, and decreasing hospital admissions, health care utilization, and cost. Limited research regarding medication adherence has been conducted nationwide; however, data among the older adults is sparse due to the lack of research on this topic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of medication nonadherence among older adults' Saudi patients with chronic diseases living in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah city. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on outpatient older patients with chronic diseases who visited clinics at different hospitals in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah city, from March until December 2022. The questionnaire was published in a conversational Arabic dialect. The adherence level was measured by the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) and the reasons for medication nonadherence were collected by using the Cluig scale. Results 65.1% of females and 34.9% of males have participated in this study. According to the ARMS scale, 67.9% of patients had poor medication adherence and 32.1% had good medication adherence. Poor adherence was higher in females compared to males, with a p value = 0.018. For educational level, the ARMS score in graduates was higher than patients who finished middle school and illiterate patients. Based on the Cluig scale, the most common reasons for medication nonadherence were forgetfulness, feeling well, polypharmacy, and subsequent avoidance of side effects. The findings indicate the gender-based differences in the factors that associated with medication nonadherence among older adults. Conclusion Medication adherence is crucial especially among older adults to improve clinical outcomes. The current results highlight the prevalence of medication adherence among the older adult population. This result shows the gender-based differences in the factors associated with medication nonadherence among the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Abdulrahman Fadil
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah 30078, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Abdulkareem Sammman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah 30078, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah 30078, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Li PI, Guo HR. Long-term quality-of-care score for predicting the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1091-1102. [PMID: 37547581 PMCID: PMC10401448 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor. Among the risk factors for CVD, DM is a major modifiable factor. In the fatal CVD outcomes, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of death.
AIM To develop a long-term quality-of-care score for predicting the occurrence of AMI among patients with type 2 DM on the basis of the hypothesis that good quality of care can reduce the risk of AMI in patients with DM.
METHODS Using Taiwan’s Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetes Patient Database and the medical charts of a medical center, we identified incident patients diagnosed with type 2 DM from 1999 to 2003 and followed them until 2011. We constructed a summary quality-of-care score (with values ranging from 0 to 8) with process indicators (frequencies of HbA1c and lipid profile testing and urine, foot and retinal examinations), intermediate outcome indicators (low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure and HbA1c), and co-morbidity of hypertension. The associations between the score and the incidence of AMI were evaluated using Cox regression models.
RESULTS A total of 7351 patients who had sufficient information to calculate the score were enrolled. In comparison with participants who had scores ≤ 1, those with scores between 2 and 4 had a lower risk of developing AMI [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.55-0.90], and those with scores ≥ 5 had an even lower risk (AHR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.21-0.66).
CONCLUSION Good quality of care can reduce the risk of AMI in patients with type 2 DM. The quality-of-care score developed in this study had a significant association with the risk of AMI and thus can be applied to guiding the care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-I Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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Zhu Z, Zhu Q. Differences in metabolic transport and resistance mechanisms of Abemaciclib, Palbociclib, and Ribociclib. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212986. [PMID: 37475713 PMCID: PMC10354263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) play a crucial role in cancer treatment, particularly in breast cancer, and their mechanism of drug resistance is a topic of global interest in research. Hence, it is vital to comprehend the distinctions between various CDK4/6i, including their mechanisms of action and resistance mechanisms. This article aims to summarize the metabolic and transport variations as well as the differences in resistance among the three FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors: Abemaciclib, Palbociclib, and Ribociclib. It also aims to discuss how these differences impact the effectiveness and safety of anticancer drugs. It was conducted in March 2023 to search PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for literature related to this topic. Despite all being CDK4/6i, differences in their metabolism and transport were found, which are related to their chemical structure. Moreover, there are variations in preclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical safety and efficacy of the different inhibitors. Genetic mutations, drug tolerance, and other factors may influence CDK4/6 resistance mechanisms. Currently, the resistance mechanisms differences of the three drugs remain largely unknown, and there are differences in the resistance mechanisms among them, necessitating further exploration and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongni Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Baryakova TH, Pogostin BH, Langer R, McHugh KJ. Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:387-409. [PMID: 36973491 PMCID: PMC10041531 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Poor medication adherence is a pervasive issue with considerable health and socioeconomic consequences. Although the underlying reasons are generally understood, traditional intervention strategies rooted in patient-centric education and empowerment have proved to be prohibitively complex and/or ineffective. Formulating a pharmaceutical in a drug delivery system (DDS) is a promising alternative that can directly mitigate many common impediments to adherence, including frequent dosing, adverse effects and a delayed onset of action. Existing DDSs have already positively influenced patient acceptability and improved rates of adherence across various disease and intervention types. The next generation of systems have the potential to instate an even more radical paradigm shift by, for example, permitting oral delivery of biomacromolecules, allowing for autonomous dose regulation and enabling several doses to be mimicked with a single administration. Their success, however, is contingent on their ability to address the problems that have made DDSs unsuccessful in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Graham LT, Foss KD, Reinhart JM, Smith KM, Hague DW, Li Z. The pharmacokinetics of single oral dose extended-release topiramate and adverse effects after multi-dose administration in healthy cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023. [PMID: 36872425 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment options for feline epilepsy are limited to medications that require administration of multiple doses per day or administration of a capsule or large tablet. Expanding the current treatment options could improve patient and owner compliance and optimize seizure control. Topiramate has been used sparingly in veterinary medicine, and limited pharmacokinetic studies have focused on immediate release formulations in dogs. If effective and safe, topiramate extended-release (XR) could broaden the current treatment options for feline epilepsy. The aims of this two-phase study were to establish single-dose pharmacokinetics for topiramate XR in cats, identify a dosing regimen that maintains steady-state plasma drug concentrations within a reference range extrapolated from human medicine (5-20 μg/mL), and evaluate the safety of topiramate XR in cats following multidose administration. Topiramate XR administered orally at 10 mg/kg once daily for 30 days was sufficient to achieve the desired concentrations in all cats. While no clinically apparent adverse effects were observed, four out of eight cats developed subclinical anemia, calling into question the safety of topiramate XR with chronic administration. Further studies are necessary to better understand the potential adverse effects and overall efficacy of topiramate XR for the treatment of feline epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey T Graham
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kari D Foss
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer M Reinhart
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn M Smith
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Devon W Hague
- The Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- The Metabolomics Center, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Guidotti E, Seghieri C, Vinci B, Borghini A, Attanasio F. Monitoring Appropriate Monoclonal Antibodies Prescribing via Administrative Data: An Application to Psoriasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101238. [PMID: 36297350 PMCID: PMC9610535 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) and the Italian Regional Health Systems have implemented measures together with data collection and analysis to improve medicines' appropriate prescription. Administrative databases represent rich Real-World Evidence (RWE) sources that may be leveraged for research purposes. Thus, such heritage may allow for appropriate prescription studies to be carried out on complex pharmaceutical molecules, as the appropriateness of prescriptions is essential both for patients' treatment and to ensure healthcare systems' sustainability. This study analyzed the appropriate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) prescribed in psoriasis treatment across Tuscany, Italy. Data were extracted from several large administrative databases collected by the Tuscan Regional Healthcare System through record linkages. The analysis showed that over 30% of the 2020 cohort of psoriatic patients could be regarded as potentially inappropriate treated, signaling that mAbs are often prescribed as first-line treatment contrary to guidelines. Variation was observed in the appropriate prescription of mAbs, across different types of mAbs and areas. The study revealed potential inappropriate prescription, and its geographic variation should raise awareness among managers about the appropriate use of resources. Despite limitations, this could represent a pilot for future studies to evaluate the appropriate prescription of mAbs in other clinic conditions and across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guidotti
- Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Seghieri
- Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruna Vinci
- Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- SSFO, Pharmacy Department, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Borghini
- Management and Health Laboratory, Institute of Management and Department EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Drugs and Appropriateness Policy Sector, Regional Government, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Donnan J, Huang R, Twells L. Patient Preferences for Attributes of Health Canada Approved Weight Loss Medications Among Adults Living with Obesity in Canada: A Qualitative Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:911-923. [PMID: 35411134 PMCID: PMC8994660 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s350411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a complex disease with negative impacts on physical and mental health. The treatment of obesity is an area where shared decision making and patient preferences play an important role. Recommendations surrounding weight loss medications are evolving and only recently, with the publication of the 2020 Canadian Obesity Management Clinical Guidelines, pharmacotherapy has become a recommended alternative for obesity management. Guidelines recommend three medications: orlistat, liraglutide, and naltrexone/bupropion. This study sought to identify medication attributes relevant to patients starting pharmacotherapy for weight management. PATIENTS AND METHODS Semi-structured focus groups and interviews were conducted with Canadian residents who were ≥18 years of age and were living with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30kg/m2 or ≥27kg/m2 with adiposity-related complications). Sessions were conducted virtually, audio recorded, and transcribed. Two team members used a combination of inductive and deductive coding to independently code the data. A final coding template was agreed upon through discussion. RESULTS A total of 21 individuals participated (85.7% female, 76.2% ≥40 years of age) with the average BMI being 44.3 kg/m2. Participants touched upon many attributes which were categorized into five categories: 1) cost, 2) regimen, 3) side effects, 4) benefits, and 5) non-medication attributes. Cost of medications, lack of coverage by insurance companies, and stigma were identified as major barriers to accessing medications. There was consensus in the desire for a simple regimen, however there was heterogeneity among opinions on tolerability of side effects, desired benefits, and route of administration. CONCLUSION This study identified attributes that influenced patient's decisions when considering a new anti-obesity medication. Understanding these attributes can assist clinicians in shared decision-making. This study highlighted the stigma that is prevalent among providers and the need for education. Further research should be conducted to understand the tradeoffs patients in our study make between the identified attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Donnan
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Correspondence: Jennifer Donnan, Tel +1 709 864-3587, Email
| | - Rita Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Laurie Twells
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Pantaleão SQ, Fernandes PO, Gonçalves JE, Maltarollo VG, Honorio KM. Recent Advances in the Prediction of Pharmacokinetics Properties in Drug Design Studies: A Review. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100542. [PMID: 34655454 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the main aspects related to pharmacokinetic properties, which are essential for the efficacy and safety of drugs. This topic is very important because the analysis of pharmacokinetic aspects in the initial design stages of drug candidates can increase the chances of success for the entire process. In this scenario, experimental and in silico techniques have been widely used. Due to the difficulties encountered with the use of some experimental tests to determine pharmacokinetic properties, several in silico tools have been developed and have shown promising results. Therefore, in this review, we address the main free tools/servers that have been used in this area, as well as some cases of application. Finally, we present some studies that employ a multidisciplinary approach with synergy between in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques to assess ADME properties of bioactive substances, achieving successful results in drug discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Q Pantaleão
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Institution Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Philipe O Fernandes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Institution Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.,Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, 03828-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Al Bawab AQ, Al-Qerem W, Abusara O, Alkhatib N, Mansour M, Horne R. What Are the Factors Associated with Nonadherence to Medications in Patients with Chronic Diseases? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1237. [PMID: 34575011 PMCID: PMC8469667 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adherence to medications is very crucial for an optimized clinical outcome in the management of chronic diseases. Beliefs about medications and other factors can significantly affect adherence to chronic medications. The objective of the present research was to identify the associated factors of adherence to medication in Jordanian patients with chronic diseases utilizing a stepwise binary logistical regression model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2018 and March 2020. The participants were reached from secondary and tertiary care setting clinics in Jordan. The recruited patients were asked to report their attitudes of adherence to medications and beliefs about medications via filling out the MARS-5 and BMQ-specific tools. Sociodemographic data were also collected from the recruited patients and included in the regression model. A stepwise binary logistical regression model was applied to identify the associated factors of adherence to chronic medications in the tested sample. Results: A total of 485 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The mean age of the participants was 57.14 (age ranged from 22 to 82 years). Around 39% of the participants were older than 65 years. Most of the patients were either hypertensive or diabetic (35.7% and 32.2%, respectively). The logistic regression model indicated that necessity beliefs are strongly associated with adherence (OR 4.22), while concerns beliefs, dosage frequency and having medical insurance were negatively associated with adherence (OR 0.73, 0.74 and 0.26, respectively), with a p-value ≤ 0.05. Conclusions: Both the MARS-5 and BMQ-specific questionnaires were applied successfully on the tested sample. Better attention should be paid to the logistic regression model variables that were associated with adherence in order to guarantee optimal treatment outcomes in the treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Qader Al Bawab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (W.A.-Q.); (O.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Walid Al-Qerem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (W.A.-Q.); (O.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Osama Abusara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (W.A.-Q.); (O.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nimer Alkhatib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (W.A.-Q.); (O.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maha Mansour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (W.A.-Q.); (O.A.); (N.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Robert Horne
- Centre for Behavioral Medicine, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1H 9JP, UK;
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Yang Y, Li YT, Sun YR, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang JH, Jiao J, Jiang Q. Therapeutic Effects of Ba-Duan-Jin versus Pregabalin for Fibromyalgia Treatment: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:1451-1462. [PMID: 34292537 PMCID: PMC8380613 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibromyalgia is characterized by multi-focal pain and is associated with fatigue, unrefreshing sleep and psychological impairment. Pregabalin is one of the most frequently used agents in fibromyalgia treatment. However, it has failed to demonstrate benefit over placebo for reducing fatigue and psychological impairment, and may cause adverse effects (e.g. somnolence, dizziness). "Ba-Duan-Jin" (BDJ) is a common form of "Qigong" exercise for health promotion in China. Growing evidence suggests that BDJ may achieve satisfactory control of fibromyalgia-related symptoms in Chinese patients. Therefore, we wish to ascertain if BDJ could overcome the disadvantages of pregabalin. METHODS A single-blind randomized controlled trial has been designed which will recruit 104 patients with fibromyalgia (age 18-70 years) with a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score of ≥ 40 mm These patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) BDJ group (to undertake guided BDJ exercise and take a placebo capsule) or (2) pregabalin group (to take a pregabalin capsule and receive wellness education and guided muscle-relaxation exercises). The primary endpoint will be changes in the VAS score for pain. The secondary endpoints will be changes in the score for the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck II Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale and Short Form-36 Health Survey Questionnaire. These parameters will be assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks of follow-up. PLANNED OUTCOMES Our results are expected to provide more clinical evidence for the beneficial effects of BDJ in treating fibromyalgia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03797560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Psychology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ting Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ruo Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Evaluation Centre, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- Psychology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Quan M, Alismail A, Daher N, Cleland D, Chavan S, Tan LD. Randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded pilot superiority phase 2 trial to evaluate the effect of curcumin in moderate to severe asthmatics. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:268. [PMID: 34404358 PMCID: PMC8369320 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin, a derivative of the spice turmeric, has been adopted by Eastern medicine for centuries as an adjunct to treat several medical conditions (e.g., anorexia and arthritis) because of its well-established anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that the use of curcumin in mice models has led to reduction in several inflammatory markers as well as key inflammatory pathway enzymes. As a result, studies in Western medicine have developed to determine if this recognized benefit can be utilized for patients with inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma. This study will seek to better understand if curcumin can be used as an adjunctive therapy for improving asthma control of patients with moderate to severe asthma; a finding we hope will allow for a more affordable treatment. Methods This study will utilize a randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded pilot superiority phase 2 trial at an outpatient pulmonary clinic in Southern California, USA. Subjects will be receiving Curcumin 1500 mg or matching placebo by mouth twice daily for the study period of 12 weeks. Subjects will be randomized to either a placebo or intervention Curcumin. Subjects will have 6 clinic visits: screening visit, a baseline visit, monthly clinic visits (weeks 4, 8, and 12), at weeks 4, 8, and a follow-up clinic visit or phone-call (week 16). Changes in asthma control test scores, number of days missed from school/work, FEV1 (% predicted), FEV1/FVC ratio, FVC (% predicted), blood eosinophil count, blood total IgE, and FeNO levels will be compared by group over time. Discussion The therapeutic effects of curcumin have been studied on a limited basis in asthmatics and has shown mixed results thus far. Our study hopes to further establish the benefits of curcumin, however, there are potential issues that may arise from our study design that we will address within this paper. Moreover, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in safety concerns that have delayed initiation of our study. This study will contribute to existing literature on curcumin’s role in reducing lung inflammation as it presents in asthmatics as well as patients suffering from COVID-19. Trial registration This study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Loma Linda University Health, (NCT04353310). IND# 145101 Registered April 20th, 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04353310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Quan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Abdullah Alismail
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Noha Daher
- Allied Health Studies, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Derrick Cleland
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Laren D Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA. .,Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, 11234 Anderson Street, Suite 6439, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Rzewuska M, Carolina Guidorizzi Zanetti A, Skea ZC, Moscovici L, Almeida de Oliveira C, Mazzoncini de Azevedo-Marques J. Mental-physical multimorbidity treatment adherence challenges in Brazilian primary care: A qualitative study with patients and their healthcare providers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251320. [PMID: 33983998 PMCID: PMC8118469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of multimorbidity (MM) treatment adherence in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil is needed to achieve better healthcare and service outcomes. This study explored experiences of healthcare providers (HCP) and primary care patients (PCP) with mental-physical MM treatment adherence. Adults PCP with mental-physical MM and their primary care and community mental health care providers were recruited through maximum variation sampling from nine cities in São Paulo State, Southeast of Brazil. Experiences across quality domains of the Primary Care Assessment Tool-Brazil were explored through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 19 PCP and 62 HCP, conducted between April 2016 and April 2017. Through thematic conent analysis ten meta-themes concerning treatment adherence were developed: 1) variability and accessibility of treatment options available through PHC; 2) importance of coming to terms with a disease for treatment initation; 3) importance of person-centred communication for treatment initiation and maintenance; 4) information sources about received medication; 5) monitoring medication adherence; 6) taking medication unsafely; 7) perceived reasons for medication non-adherence; 8) most challenging health behavior change goals; 9) main motives for initiation or maintenance of treatment; 10) methods deployed to improve treatment adherence. Our analysis has advanced the understanding of complexity inherent to treatment adherence in mental-physical MM and revealed opportunities for improvement and specific solutions to effect adherence in Brazil. Our findings can inform research efforts to transform MM care through optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rzewuska
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Guidorizzi Zanetti
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoë C. Skea
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Moscovici
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Primary Health Care, Academic Health Services Complex at Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the São Paulo University, XIII Regional Health Department, Unified Health System, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Camila Almeida de Oliveira
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Mazzoncini de Azevedo-Marques
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Primary Health Care, Academic Health Services Complex at Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the São Paulo University, XIII Regional Health Department, Unified Health System, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Jung SY, Yi YY, Kang JW. Once-Daily Extended-Release Levetiracetam Improves Medication Compliance in Adolescent Epilepsy Patients. ANNALS OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2020.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Saad F, Shore ND. Relugolix: a novel androgen deprivation therapy for management of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:1758835921998586. [PMID: 34408793 PMCID: PMC8366106 DOI: 10.1177/1758835921998586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment for patients with locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer, most commonly using luteinizing releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists. More recently, a new approach to ADT has emerged with the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, which aim to overcome some of the potential adverse physiologic effects of LHRH agonists. This article focuses on the newest GnRH antagonist, relugolix - a once-daily treatment and the only oral GnRH antagonist that has now been approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. In phase II and III studies, relugolix achieved rapid and sustained castration without the testosterone surge associated with LHRH agonists, thus avoiding the potential clinical consequences of tumor flare and the necessity for concomitant anti-androgen therapy. Relugolix also achieved rapid testosterone recovery, which may potentially reduce ADT-related adverse events and offer opportunities for combination and intermittent therapy strategies. Cardiovascular safety is a particular concern in men with prostate cancer and ADT further increases cardiovascular risk: indeed, LHRH agonists are required to have a drug label warning about an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Data from the phase III HERO study demonstrate an improved cardiac safety profile for the GnRH antagonist relugolix compared with the LHRH agonist leuprolide, including a significantly reduced risk for a major adverse cardiovascular event. Taken together, the data indicate that relugolix may mitigate some of the cardiovascular concerns surrounding ADT and has the potential to become a new standard of care for men with prostate cancer. In summary, relugolix represents a novel and recently available prostate cancer management strategy, incorporating the mechanistic advantages of GnRH antagonists and the potential benefits of oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Saad
- University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Pavillon R 900, Rue St-Denis, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Neal D. Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
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Gilbert I, Aslam Mahmood A, Devane K, Tan L. Association of Nonmedical Switches in Inhaled Respiratory Medications with Disruptions in Care: A Retrospective Prescription Claims Database Analysis. Pulm Ther 2021; 7:189-201. [PMID: 33713011 PMCID: PMC8137790 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-021-00147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are limited data on the effects of forced medication switching for a nonmedical reason in patients with obstructive airway conditions. This study evaluated disruption in care resulting from a nonmedical medication switch for patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who previously received the inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist budesonide/formoterol. Methods This retrospective pharmacy benefit prescription claims analysis evaluated Medicare Part D patients who filled a prescription for budesonide/formoterol as their last inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist in 2016 and were affected by a formulary block of budesonide/formoterol in 2017. Changes to respiratory maintenance therapy, length of gaps in care during which a patient was not in possession of a respiratory controller medication, acute medication use indicative of disease exacerbations, and medication adherence were assessed. Results A total of 42,553 patients were included in the analysis. Following the formulary block, 30,016 patients (71%) switched to another controller; 20,628 of these patients (69%) switched to a new inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist, 7081 (23%) stepped down to a monotherapy, and 2307 (8%) switched to a non-inhaled corticosteroid-containing controller. Despite the formulary block, 22,903 patients (54%) attempted to fill budesonide/formoterol as their first postblock controller, and 6624 patients (16%) attempted to return to budesonide/formoterol after switching to another controller. On average, patients experienced a gap in care of approximately 4 months without a controller medication. Also, 9674 (23%) did not fill any controller over the 1-year postblock period. Of those patients who experienced a gap in care, 14,926 (47%) filled a prescription indicative of a possible exacerbation during the gap period (i.e., oral corticosteroids for patients with asthma and oral corticosteroids and/or antibiotics for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Conclusions The Medicare Part D formulary block was associated with disruption in the management of patients’ respiratory conditions and may have adversely impacted disease control. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41030-021-00147-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laren Tan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Gruszczyńska M, Wyszomirska J, Daniel‐Sielańczyk A, Bąk‐Sosnowska M. Selected psychological predictors of medication adherence in the older adults with chronic diseases. Nurs Open 2021; 8:317-326. [PMID: 33318839 PMCID: PMC7729554 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The main goal of the study was to assess the significance of selected psychological factors related to the adherence to medication recommendations among the older adults with chronic diseases. Design It was designed as a cross-sectional study, aimed at assessing the importance of selected psychological factors in complying with medication recommendations among older adults. Methods The study involved 345 older adults with chronic diseases, assessed the importance of selected psychological factors, such as: health locus of control, stress coping and mindfulness in adhering to medication recommendations older persons. To answer the research questions, we performed frequency analyses, basic descriptive statistics analyses together with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t tests for independent samples, monofactorial analysis of variance in the intergroup diagram, analysis correlation with the Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation ρ analysis and stepwise linear regression analysis. Results The study identified psychological predictors of medication adherence, which explained 12% of the variability. An emotion-oriented coping proved to be the most important factor. Additionally, powerful other health locus of control and mindful attention were shown to have a positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gruszczyńska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland
| | - Julia Wyszomirska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland
| | - Anna Daniel‐Sielańczyk
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland
| | - Monika Bąk‐Sosnowska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland
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20
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Derington CG, King JB, Delate T, Botts SR, Kroehl M, Kao DP, Trinkley KE. Twice-daily versus once-daily lisinopril and losartan for hypertension: Real-world effectiveness and safety. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243371. [PMID: 33270787 PMCID: PMC7714357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lisinopril and losartan manufacturer labels recommend twice-daily dosing (BID) if once-daily (QDay) is insufficient to lower blood pressure (BP). METHODS AND RESULTS Retrospective cohort study of patients taking QDay lisinopril and losartan who experienced a dose-doubling (index date). A text-processing tool categorized BID and QDay groups at the index date based on administration instructions. We excluded: pregnant/hospice, regimens other than BID/QDay, and without BP measurements -6 months/+12 months of the index date. The most proximal BP measurements -6 months and +2 weeks to 12 months of the index date were used to evaluate BP differences. Propensity scores were generated, and differences in BP and adverse events (angioedema, acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia) between BID/QDay groups were analyzed within dosing cohorts using inverse propensity of treatment-weighted regression models. Of 11,210 and 6,051 patients who met all criteria for lisinopril and losartan, 784 (7.0%) and 453 (7.5%) were taking BID, respectively. BID patients were older and had higher comorbidity and medication burdens. There were no differences in systolic/diastolic BP between BID and QDay, with absolute differences in mean systolic BP ranging from -1.8 to 0.7 mmHg and diastolic BP ranging from -1.1 to 0.1 mmHg (all 95% confidence intervals [CI] cross 0). Lisinopril 10mg BID was associated with an increased odds of angioedema compared to lisinopril 20mg QDay (odds ratio 2.27, 95%CI 1.13-4.58). CONCLUSIONS Adjusted models do not support improved effectiveness or safety of BID lisinopril and losartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Derington
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Jordan B. King
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Thomas Delate
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Drug Use Management, Kaiser Permanente National Pharmacy, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Sheila R. Botts
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Miranda Kroehl
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - David P. Kao
- Cardiac and Vascular Center, University of Colorado Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Katy E. Trinkley
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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Polavarapu NK, Kale R, Sethi B, Sahay RK, Phadke U, Ramakrishnan S, Mane A, Mehta S, Shah S. Effect of Gliclazide or Gliclazide plus Metformin Combination on Glycemic Control in Patients with T2DM in India: A Real-World, Retrospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study from Electronic Medical Records. Drugs Real World Outcomes 2020; 7:271-279. [PMID: 32648242 PMCID: PMC7581661 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-020-00206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindra Kale
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, 7-1-27, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | | | - R K Sahay
- Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Uday Phadke
- Hormones and Diabetes Care Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Ramakrishnan
- Magna Centres for Obesity Diabetes and Endocrinology, BTM 2nd Stage, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amey Mane
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, 7-1-27, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Suyog Mehta
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, 7-1-27, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
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McConnell JW, Tsang Y, Pruett J, Iii WD. Comparative effectiveness of oral prostacyclin pathway drugs on hospitalization in patients with pulmonary hypertension in the United States: a retrospective database analysis. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020911831. [PMID: 33240480 PMCID: PMC7675886 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020911831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two oral medications targeting the prostacyclin pathway are available to treat
pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States: oral treprostinil and
selexipag. We compared real-world hospitalization in patients receiving these
medications. A retrospective administrative claims study was conducted using the
Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart database. Patients with pulmonary hypertension
were identified using diagnostic codes. Cohort inclusion required age ≥ 18
years, first oral treprostinil or selexipag prescription between 1 January 2015
and 30 September 2017 (index date), and continuous enrollment in the prior ≥6
months. Patients who switched index drug were excluded. Follow-up was from index
date until the first of end of index drug exposure, end of continuous
enrollment, death, or 31 December 2017. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard
and Poisson regression were used to compare risk and rate, respectively, of
hospitalization associated with oral treprostinil vs. selexipag, adjusting for
potential confounders. The study cohort included 99 patients receiving oral
treprostinil and 123 receiving selexipag. Mean age was 61 years, and most
patients were females (71%). Compared with oral treprostinil, selexipag was
associated with a 46% lower risk of all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio
0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.92; P = 0.02), a 47%
lower risk of pulmonary hypertension-related hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.53,
95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.93; P = 0.03), a 42% lower
all-cause hospitalization rate (rate ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.39,
0.87; P = 0.01), and a 46% lower pulmonary hypertension-related
hospitalization rate (rate ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.35, 0.82;
P = 0.004). This study suggests that selexipag is
associated with lower hospitalization risk and rate than oral treprostinil.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McConnell
- Kentuckiana Pulmonary Research Center, Kentuckiana Pulmonary Associates, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuen Tsang
- Medical Managed Markets and Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janis Pruett
- Medical Managed Markets and Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Drake Iii
- Medical Managed Markets and Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ajaka L, Heil E, Schmalzle S. Dalbavancin in the Treatment of Bacteremia and Endocarditis in People with Barriers to Standard Care. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100700. [PMID: 33076275 PMCID: PMC7602462 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dalbavancin is an antibiotic administered by intravenous infusion weekly or bi-weekly and is currently FDA-approved only for treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections. It has shown promise, but is not considered the standard of care, for bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE), which typically require outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) for prolonged durations. People who inject drugs (PWID) with bacteremia or IE are often perceived as having barriers to OPAT and standard daily-administered antibiotics, prompting off-label use of dalbavancin in this population. Methods: A retrospective review of adult patients receiving at least one dose of dalbavancin for bacteremia or IE was conducted between 1 November 2017 and 31 October 2019. Outcomes and reasons for use of dalbavancin were recorded, including specific barriers to standard therapy. Results: Stated reasons for dalbavancin use in the 18 patients identified included active injection drug use (50%), inability to arrange standard OPAT due to patient adherence or inability to place in skilled nursing facility (SNF) (22%), risk for additional infections or other morbidity with OPAT (22%), and patient preference (6%). In 11 patients (61%) SNF placement was not attempted due to behavioral issues or patient declination. There were five patients who did not complete their intended course of treatment (28%). At 90 days, eight patients (44%) achieved a clinical or biologic cure, six (33%) failed treatment, and four (22%) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Dalbavancin may have a role as salvage therapy in the treatment of IE and bacteremia in PWID who have significant barriers to standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leama Ajaka
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Emily Heil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School or Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Sarah Schmalzle
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Klemm GC, Birhanu Z, Ortolano SE, Kebede Y, Martin SL, Mamo G, Dickin KL. Integrating Calcium Into Antenatal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Ethiopia: Women's Experiences, Perceptions of Acceptability, and Strategies to Support Calcium Supplement Adherence. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020; 8:413-430. [PMID: 33008855 PMCID: PMC7541115 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recommendations for antenatal calcium supplementation to prevent preeclampsia could substantially reduce maternal mortality, but adherence to multiple daily doses may constrain effectiveness. World Health Organization guidelines recommend 3 daily calcium supplements (1.5-2 g/d), taken separately from 1 iron-folic acid (IFA) supplement; however, limited data suggest lower calcium doses may also be effective. We conducted mixed-methods household trials to identify strategies for supporting adherence and integrating calcium into antenatal IFA supplementation programming in Ethiopia. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 regimens varying in dose and timing and were later given a choice of regimens. Semistructured interviews conducted over 6 weeks explored acceptability, barriers, and facilitators and offered opportunities to choose calcium pill type. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically. Calcium adherence was measured using medication event monitoring. All participants (N=48) agreed to try supplementation. Adherence barriers included forgetting to take pills when busy or travelling and perceived side effects. Midday doses were the most challenging because of farming, market, and social events; women avoided taking supplements in public due to fear of being perceived as HIV positive. Social support from families, visual reminders, and anticipated benefits motivated adherence. More participants (75%) selected chewable versus conventional supplements due to organoleptic properties, but this preference declined over time. Adherence rates did not substantially differ across regimens with 2 (81.1%), 3 (83.4%), or 4 (77.1%) pill-taking events. Women indicated that the 2-event regimen was more acceptable than 3- and 4-event regimens, but this acceptability was not associated with higher adherence. Consequently, mean daily calcium consumption (811.3 mg) was lower than for 3-event (1,251.1 mg) and 4-event (1,156.4 mg) regimens. Integrating calcium into antenatal IFA supplementation is acceptable to Ethiopian women, with a 3-event regimen yielding the highest consumption rates. Despite women experiencing challenges with midday dosing and stigma, using simple home-based strategies and being counseled on the purpose of supplementation were more effective than reducing dosage for mitigating barriers and improving adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Klemm
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zewdie Birhanu
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Stephanie E Ortolano
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yohannes Kebede
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Stephanie L Martin
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Girma Mamo
- Ethiopia-Canada Cooperation Office, Nutrition International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Katherine L Dickin
- Program in International Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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25
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Kam N, Perera K, Zomer E, Liew D, Ademi Z. Inclisiran as Adjunct Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2020; 38:1007-1020. [PMID: 32789593 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-020-00948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclisiran inhibits hepatic synthesis of proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9). The comparison of inclisiran with statin versus statin alone in the ORION-10 trial demonstrated significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our study explored whether the use of inclisiran with statin versus statin alone for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events is cost effective from the Australian healthcare perspective, based on the price of currently available PCSK9 inhibitors. METHODS A Markov model was developed based on the ORION-10 trial to model outcomes and costs incurred by patients over a lifetime analysis. The three health states were 'alive with cardiovascular disease (CVD)', 'alive with recurrent CVD', and 'dead'. Cost and utilities were estimated from published sources. The cost of inclisiran was estimated from the annual cost of evolocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor currently available in Australia (AU$6334, based on 2020 data). Outcomes of interest were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and cost per year of life saved (YoLS). All costs, QALYs and YoLS were discounted at 5% per annum in line with Australian standards. RESULTS Among 1000 subjects followed-up over a lifetime analysis, inclisiran with statin compared with statin alone prevented 235 non-fatal myocardial infarctions (NFMIs; 151 NFMI and 84 repeat NFMI cases) and 114 coronary revascularisation cases, and increased years of life by 0.549 (discounted) and QALYs by 0.468 (discounted). At an annual price of AU$6334, the net marginal cost was AU$58,965 per person. The above values equated to ICERs of AU$107,402 per YoLS and AU$125,732 per QALY gained. Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of AU$50,000, inclisiran would have to be priced 60% lower than other available PCSK9 inhibitors to be considered cost effective. CONCLUSIONS As an adjunct therapy to statin treatment in those who have persistently elevated LDL-C despite optimal statin therapy, inclisiran is effective in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic CVD. Inclisiran is not cost effective from the Australian healthcare perspective, assuming acquisition costs of current PCSK9 inhibitors. The cost of inclisiran would have to be 60% lower than that of evolocumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kam
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Kanila Perera
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ella Zomer
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 4, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Baldwin H. Oral Antibiotic Treatment Options for Acne Vulgaris. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:26-32. [PMID: 33133338 PMCID: PMC7577330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the most common dermatological disease in the United States, affecting up to 85 percent of teenagers. While the American Academy of Dermatology has established guidelines regarding acne treatment in general, the variability among acne treatments, even within a given class, prevents establishment of a straightforward regimen. For example, moderate to severe acne is generally treated with an oral antibiotic, although several options are available-both across and within antibiotic classes. The aim of this review is to report the efficacy and safety data available for commonly prescribed oral antibiotics. While there are currently no data to support superiority of one drug over another, there are substantial differences in safety profiles and brand-specific features that may make one antibiotic preferable over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Baldwin
- Dr. Baldwin is the Medical Director of the Acne Treatment and Research Center in Brooklyn, New York and is with Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical Center in New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Azari AA, Arabi A. Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020; 15:372-395. [PMID: 32864068 PMCID: PMC7431717 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v15i3.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjunctivitis is a commonly encountered condition in ophthalmology clinics throughout the world. In the management of suspected cases of conjunctivitis, alarming signs for more serious intraocular conditions, such as severe pain, decreased vision, and painful pupillary reaction, must be considered. Additionally, a thorough medical and ophthalmic history should be obtained and a thorough physical examination should be done in patients with atypical findings and chronic course. Concurrent physical exam findings with relevant history may reveal the presence of a systemic condition with involvement of the conjunctiva. Viral conjunctivitis remains to be the most common overall cause of conjunctivitis. Bacterial conjunctivitis is encountered less frequently and it is the second most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis is encountered in nearly half of the population and the findings include itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and eyelid edema. Long-term usage of eye drops with preservatives in a patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge points to the toxic conjunctivitis as the underlying etiology. Effective management of conjunctivitis includes timely diagnosis, appropriate differentiation of the various etiologies, and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Azari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arabi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pharmacokinetics of Ampreloxetine, a Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder or Fibromyalgia Pain. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 60:121-131. [PMID: 32856281 PMCID: PMC7808980 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Ampreloxetine is a novel norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in development for the treatment of symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. The objectives of this analysis were to define the pharmacokinetics of once-daily oral ampreloxetine and provide dose recommendations for clinical development. Methods We fitted a population pharmacokinetic model to ampreloxetine plasma concentrations from single- and multiple-ascending dose trials in healthy subjects and two phase II studies in adult subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder or fibromyalgia at doses of 2–50 mg. Results Ampreloxetine pharmacokinetics was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The terminal half-life was 30–40 h, resulting in sustained drug concentrations for the entire 24-h dosing interval at steady state. Covariates of age, weight, or renal impairment did not impact ampreloxetine exposure. Cytochrome P450 2D6 phenotype had no influence on ampreloxetine exposure. Sex and smoking status were identified as statistically significant covariates, suggesting a role for cytochrome P450 1A2 in the elimination of ampreloxetine. Despite statistical significance, differences in ampreloxetine exposure in male vs female subjects and smokers vs non-smokers were not clinically meaningful at the recommended dose. At the 10-mg dose, > 75% norepinephrine transporter inhibition and < 50% serotonin transporter inhibition are anticipated for adult subjects. Conclusions The population pharmacokinetic model effectively described the plasma concentration–time profile of ampreloxetine after single and multiple doses. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis justified using a fixed dosing regimen with no dose adjustments across a broad population and can be used to inform dosing strategies in future clinical studies. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier numbers NCT01693692 (fibromyalgia); NCT01458340 (attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40262-020-00918-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Restrepo-Posada DC, Carmona-Fonseca J, Cardona-Arias JA. Systematic review of microeconomic analysis of pregnancy-associated malaria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04558. [PMID: 32775727 PMCID: PMC7399120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is a health problem with serious clinical, epidemiological and economic effects. Purpose To analyze the microeconomic evaluations of PAM reported in the world scientific literature. Methods Systematic review with 15 different search strategies in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Google Scholar and Malaria in Pregnancy (MiP) Library. A search, selection and extraction protocol was applied, which guaranteed completeness and reproducibility in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) guide. The analysis were based on frequencies, costs and average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios in 2018 US dollars adjusted for purchasing power parity. Results Twenty-two evaluations published between 1990 and 2018 were analyzed, of which 82% addressed cost-effectiveness in Africa. Twelve interventions were studied; of these, intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) was the most frequent strategy. The main outcomes were low birth weight, anaemia and DALYs avoided. The best average cost-effectiveness ratio was reported in IPTp-SP with a cost of US$ 2 per DALY avoided, followed by the administration of IPTp-SP in pregnant women with HIV (US$ 14.2). Conclusions The studies focus on Africa with a high heterogeneity in the interventions, outcomes, resources and populations studied. All the interventions were highly cost-effective, which demonstrates the importance of including prevention, care and control resources for PAM as a priority in health sector budgets. This is especially true considering the importance of its intervention for social progress and overcoming poverty in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Carmona-Fonseca
- Microbiology, School of Medicine, Coordinator of the Research Group on Health and Community César Uribe Piedrahíta, University of Antioquia, Colombia
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30
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Wu Z, Wu D, Jiang J, Chen A, Zheng DD, Li J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Efficacy and safety of xuezhikang once per day versus two times per day in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia (APEX study): a protocol for a multicentre, prospective randomised controlled, open-label, non-inferiority study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034585. [PMID: 32423930 PMCID: PMC7239523 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) improves clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. However, rates of lipid-lowering medication adherence are far from ideal. Reducing dosage frequency from multiple dosing to once-daily dosing may improve patients' medication adherence. Xuezhikang (XZK), an extract of Chinese red yeast rice, contains a family of naturally occurring statins and is traditionally prescribed as 600 mg two times per day. A comParative Efficacy study of XZK (APEX study) is designed to test the hypothesis that XZK prescribed 1200 mg once per day (OD group) is non-inferior to 600 mg two times per day (TD group) in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The APEX study is a multicentre, prospective randomised controlled, open-label, non-inferiority study. We plan to recruit 316 patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia for primary prevention. Patients will be randomised (1:1) to OD group and TD group. The OD group take XZK 1200 mg once per day after dinner while TD group take a traditional dose of 600 mg, two times per day after meals. Participants will have an 8-week medication period and be followed up at weeks 0, 4 and 8. The primary end point is the mean percentage change from baseline to week 8 in serum LDL-C. Secondary end points are safety and lipid-lowering effect on other lipoproteins and compliance. Data analyses will be on the intention-to-treat principle using non-inferiority analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The research had been approved by the Clinical Research and Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University ((2017)286). The results will be reported through peer-reviewed journals, seminars and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-IIR-17013660.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhou Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Dan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Schey C, Postma MJ, Krabbe PFM, Topachevskyi O, Volovyk A, Connolly M. Assessing the Preferences for Criteria in Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in Treatments for Rare Diseases. Front Public Health 2020; 8:162. [PMID: 32457865 PMCID: PMC7225315 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasingly, multi-criteria decision analysis has gained importance as a method by which to assess the value of orphan drugs. However, very little attention has been given to the weight (relative preferences) of the individual criteria used in a framework. Aims: This study sought to gain an understanding of the preferential weights that should be allocated in a multi-criteria decision analysis framework for orphan drugs, from a multi-stakeholder perspective. Method: Using key MCDA criteria for orphan drugs reported in the literature, we developed an interactive web-based survey tool to capture preferences for different criteria from a general stakeholder sample who were requested to assign weights from a reimbursement perspective. Each criterion could be assigned a weight on a sliding scale from 0 to 100% as long as the sum of all the criteria was 100%. We subsequently used the interactive tool with an expert focus group, followed up with a group discussion regarding each criterion and their perspectives on the weight that each criterion should be allocated when assessing an orphan drug. The expert focus group participants were then able to adjust their weights, if the group discussion had changed their perspectives. Results: The interactive tool was completed by 120 general stakeholder sample from a wide range of countries and professional backgrounds and an expert focus group of ten members. The results showed the differences in perspectives on the importance of criteria. Both groups considered Treatment efficacy to be the most important criterion. The general stakeholder sample weighted Treatment safety at 12.03% compared to the expert focus group's average of 20%. The results also demonstrated the value of the group discussion, which provided additional insights into the perspectives on the importance of criteria in assessing orphan drugs. Conclusion: This study aimed to contribute to the important aspect of preferences for different criteria in MCDA. This study sheds light on the important aspect of the preferences of the different criteria. All respondents agreed on the relative importance of Treatment efficacy and Treatment safety, criteria that are captured in conventional cost-effectiveness studies, but they also expressed the view that in addition to those, several disease-related and drug-related criteria should be included in MCDA frameworks for assessing orphan drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Schey
- Global Market Access Solutions, St-Prex, Switzerland
- Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Jacobus Postma
- Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul F. M. Krabbe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew Volovyk
- Department of Health Economics, Digital Health Outcomes LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mark Connolly
- Global Market Access Solutions, St-Prex, Switzerland
- Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Moran K, Null K, Huang Z, Lissoos T, Kane S. Response to "Comment on Retrospective Claims Analysis Indirectly Comparing Medication Adherence and Persistence Between Intravenous Biologics and Oral Small-Molecule Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases". Adv Ther 2020; 37:1697-1700. [PMID: 32173794 PMCID: PMC7140747 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellyn Moran
- U.S. Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Kyle Null
- U.S. Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Zhongwen Huang
- U.S. Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Trevor Lissoos
- U.S. Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Sunanda Kane
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Kim KH, Lim SH, Shim CR, Park J, Song WH, Kwon MC, Lee JH, Park JS, Choi HG. Development of a Novel Controlled-Release Tablet of Pregabalin: Formulation Variation and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs and Humans. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:445-456. [PMID: 32099329 PMCID: PMC6996546 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel three-layered (TL) tablet systems were compared with both monolithic matrix (MM) formulations and a commercial immediate-release (IR) capsule to develop once-a-day (OAD) pregabalin tablets. Methods The physical properties of the TL tablets, including dissolution and swelling rates, were compared with those of the MM tablets and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the TL tablet were compared with those of an IR capsule in beagles and humans. Results Our results indicated that the same amount of a hydrophilic polymer in the formulations had similar dissolution profiles at 12 h, regardless of the tablet geometry. However, the degree of tablet swelling differed, with larger amounts of polymer in the tablets showing a greater degree of swelling. In addition, TL tablets swelled more rapidly compared with MM tablets. For the pharmacokinetic study of the TL tablet, the beagles demonstrated absorption results similar to those of an IR capsule, whereas the humans demonstrated low total absorption compared with an IR capsule. The time of the peak plasma concentration at 6 h in the fed state of humans coincided with the results of the study on beagles. Conclusion The novel TL tablet system of pregabalin may prove to be helpful in developing improved formulations with better continuous drug absorption for OAD administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,GL PharmTech Corp, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The efficacious dose of a drug is perhaps the most holistic metric reflecting its therapeutic potential. Dose is predicted at many stages in drug discovery and development. Prior to the 1990s, dose prediction was limited to the drug "working" at a reasonable dose and dose regimen in an animal model. Through the early 2000s, dose predictions were generated at candidate nomination and then refined during clinical development. Currently, dose predictions can be made early in drug discovery to enable drug design. Dose predictions at this stage can identify critical drug properties for a viable dose regimen and provide clinically relevant context to lead optimization. In this paper, we give an overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with dose prediction for drug design. A number of general considerations, approaches, and case examples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan S Maurer
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Kevin Beaumont
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li Di
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Persistence and adherence to dutasteride/tamsulosin fixed-dose versus free-combination alpha blocker/5ARI therapy in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia in Germany
. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 58:37-49. [PMID: 31670653 PMCID: PMC6921277 DOI: 10.5414/cp203549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate real-world persistence and adherence in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) receiving a fixed-dose combination of dutasteride plus tamsulosin (DUT-TAM FDC) versus α-blocker plus 5-α reductase inhibitor (AB/5ARI) free-combination therapy. Materials and methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study utilized the German IMS LRx (IQVIA) database. Patients ≥ 45 years old with BPH receiving DUT-TAM FDC or AB/5ARI free-combination therapy from July 1, 2011 to November 30, 2017 were included. Data were analyzed for 48 months from index date (date of first prescription). Persistence, measured as time to discontinuation (defined as a 90-day gap in therapy), was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank tests). Adherence, measured as medication possession ratio (MPR), was based on a comparison of mean prescribing duration and expected treatment duration. Results: A total of 141,667 patients were included (DUT-TAM FDC, n = 86,057; free AB/5ARI: n = 55,610). Small differences in persistence were observed between treatment arms. At month 12, 41.8% of DUT-TAM FDC-treated and 41.0% of AB/5ARI free-combination therapy-treated patients were persistent; at month 24, 28.2% and 27.1% were persistent, respectively. A higher proportion of DUT-TAM FDC-treated patients had MPR ≥ 0.80, ≥ 0.75 and ≥ 0.70 compared with AB/5ARI free-combination therapy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Small differences observed in persistence between treatment arms may not translate to meaningful clinical relevance. Adherence was significantly better in the FDC arm, which may be clinically relevant as improved adherence is associated with better outcomes. Persistence and adherence to BPH therapy in Germany is low; further studies exploring the reasons behind this are required.
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Sherwin LB, Ross D, Matteson-Kome M, Bechtold M, Deroche C, Wakefield B. Patient Perspectives on Short-Course Pharmacotherapy: Barriers and Facilitators to Medication Adherence. J Patient Exp 2019; 7:726-733. [PMID: 33294608 PMCID: PMC7705821 DOI: 10.1177/2374373519882230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication nonadherence is a public health issue that contributes to poor health outcomes and health-care costs. Factors influencing long-term medication adherence are known; however, little is known about short-course medication adherence. Objective: This study examined patient perspectives on adherence and factors that influence adherence to short-course pharmacotherapy in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Method: Twenty-seven participants were interviewed to identify their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to thrice-daily, 14-day rifaximin. Results: Participants were primarily female (89%), aged 18 to 65 years. Sixty-eight percent of interviewees were identified as “low-adherers,” meaning the percentage of days with correct daily dosing of rifaximin was <80%. The final coding framework identified social/economic-related (family support and medication expense), system-related (relationship with provider and medication knowledge), condition-related (symptom severity), therapy-related (inconvenient dosing), and patient-related (forgetfulness and busyness of daily life) factors that influenced adherence. Conclusion: The resulting patient perspectives highlight a diverse set of factors that influence short-course adherence and the need for tailored interventions that address these various factors resulting in enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnne B Sherwin
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Diana Ross
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Matteson-Kome
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri Healthcare, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Bechtold
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri Healthcare, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chelsea Deroche
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bonnie Wakefield
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Cho IY. Using non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in specific patient populations: a study of Korean cases. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:1183-1206. [PMID: 31632045 PMCID: PMC6790210 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s204377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are increasingly used as alternatives to conventional therapies and have considerable accumulated real-world clinical data in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, it is not easy to make a complete changeover to NOACs in real-world clinical practice because NOACs still have challenges in specific patient populations (eg, Asian patients, NVAF patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome [ACS], dialysis patients with NVAF, patients with cancer-associated VTE, etc.). Clinical data on the optimal dose of NOACs in Asian patients with NVAF are not sufficient. The intensity of NOAC and antiplatelet treatment and the duration of antiplatelet treatment should be adjusted according to the bleeding and thrombotic risk profiles of the individual NVAF patient presenting with ACS. Increased bleeding risk and unclear efficacy of NOACs in dialysis patients with NVAF should be considered when making decisions on whether to give NOACs for these patients. If dialysis patients with NVAF require anticoagulant for stroke prevention, then apixaban could be considered while awaiting more clinical efficacy and safety data. Additional studies are needed to determine the utility of continuing treatment with reduced-dose NOACs for long-term therapy after VTE. We have enough experiences in using NOACs in cancer patients showing the benefit of antithrombotic treatment counterbalanced the bleeding risk; however, some challenges of cancer-associated VTE management exist due to differences in cancer types or chemotherapy regimens and comorbidities. Different dosing regimens among NOACs may impact on medication adherence; thus, individual patient preference should be considered in choosing a particular NOAC. A significant proportion of patients remain on warfarin because of the high price of NOACs and variability in reimbursement coverage. To compensate clinical-evidence and achieve optimal use of NOACs, we should pay attention to the outcomes of ongoing studies and evaluate more real-world data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Ewhawomans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Pharmaceutical Safety Bureau, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Retrospective Claims Analysis Indirectly Comparing Medication Adherence and Persistence Between Intravenous Biologics and Oral Small-Molecule Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Adv Ther 2019; 36:2260-2272. [PMID: 31385283 PMCID: PMC6822974 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients’ adherence to and persistence on treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can vary, depending on type and distribution of disease and treatment modality. We aim to identify differences in adherence and persistence with treatments with different administration routes (intravenous vs oral) in IBD. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of a claims database of adult patients diagnosed with IBD or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who began treatment with vedolizumab, tofacitinib, or infliximab from January 2015 through December 2015. Adherence evaluated by proportion of days covered (PDC) and cumulative days with gaps at least 20% beyond expected interval (CG20) using multivariable generalized linear equation models. Persistence assessed as time to treatment discontinuation over 12 months of follow-up using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models; proportion of persistent patients determined via multivariable logistic regression. Indirect comparisons across disease states adjusted using infliximab data. Results After indirect adjustment by disease, mean PDC difference was significantly higher (difference of 4.7%; P = 0.0376) and mean CG20 was lower (difference of 15 days; P = 0.0646) but not statistically significant in vedolizumab/IBD than tofacitinib/RA. Conclusion We describe a novel adjustment method for interdisease treatment differences using infliximab treatment patterns to bridge differences between IBD and RA. After adjustment, adherence was higher with infusions than oral medications, which may affect outcomes. Indirect comparisons between vedolizumab and tofacitinib are not generalizable and should be confirmed in tofacitinib-treated IBD patients. Funding Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-019-01037-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dumortier J, Duvoux C, Dubel L, Bazin F, Houssel-Debry P. A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study of Conversion from Twice-Daily Immediate-Release to Once-Daily Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Recipients in France: The COBALT Study. Ann Transplant 2019; 24:506-516. [PMID: 31451681 PMCID: PMC6728630 DOI: 10.12659/aot.916041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In adult liver transplant patients, the use of prolonged-release tacrolimus may have treatment adherence benefits over the immediate-release formulation. The aim of this study was to characterise real-world practice data on conversion of liver transplant recipients from immediate- to prolonged-release tacrolimus in France. Material/Methods A prospective, observational study (NCT02143479) was conducted in 18 transplant centers in France between June 2014 and March 2016. Liver transplant recipients (n=398) included patients who changed from immediate-release to prolonged-release tacrolimus within the first three months (early conversion group) (n=205) or between three and 12 months after transplantation (late conversion group) (n=184). Clinical data were collected at an initial baseline outpatient visit and six-month and 12-month follow-up visits. Endpoints included the dose conversion ratio from immediate-release to prolonged-release tacrolimus, number of and reasons for additional visits due to conversion, safety, and tolerability. Results Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were similar between the two cohorts. The mean ±SD ratio of conversion of tacrolimus dose was 1.04±0.28; 1.01±0.28 (early) and 1.08±0.28 (late) (p=0.0247). The mean ±SD time from conversion to the first tacrolimus trough blood concentration was 30.8±42.8 days; 24.8±45.4 days (early) and 37.5±38.7 days (late). Only one patient required an additional visit due to conversion. Reasons for conversion included the physician’s preference (56.3%), center practice (38.6%), and the dosing frequency (36.0%). Conversion was associated with a low rate of graft rejection, and no new safety issues were reported. Conclusions Conversion of liver transplant recipients from immediate-release to prolonged-release tacrolimus within three to 12 months of transplantation was easy to manage and associated with favorable clinical outcomes and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Dumortier
- Departement of Hepatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Duvoux
- Department of Hepatology, Henri Mondor Hospital APHP, Paris Est University UPEC, Créteil, France
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Yodoshi T, Orkin S, Arce-Clachar AC, Bramlage K, Liu C, Fei L, El-Khider F, Dasarathy S, Xanthakos SA, Mouzaki M. Vitamin D deficiency: prevalence and association with liver disease severity in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:427-435. [PMID: 31444465 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0493-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To determine associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)-D) concentrations and histologic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity. SUBJECTS/METHODS Clinical, laboratory, and histology data were collected retrospectively in a pediatric cohort with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. Serum 25(OH)-D concentrations were used to define vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/ml), insufficiency (21-30 ng/ml), and sufficiency (≥31 ng/ml). RESULTS In all, 234 patients (78% non-Hispanic, median age 14 years) were included. The majority (n = 193) were either vitamin D insufficient (50%) or deficient (32%). Eighty-four patients (36%) reported taking vitamin D supplements at the time of biopsy; serum 25(OH)-D concentrations were not higher in those supplemented. There were no differences in the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the three vitamin D status groups. Severity of steatosis, ballooning, lobular/portal inflammation, and NAFLD activity score were also not different between the groups. The proportion of patients with significant fibrosis (stage ≥ 2) was higher in those with insufficiency (29%) compared to those who were sufficient (17%) or deficient (15%, p = 0.04). After controlling for important covariates selected from age, body mass index, ethnicity, vitamin D supplementation, and season, the insufficient group had increased odds of a higher fibrosis score compared to the sufficient group (adjusted OR, 2.04; 95%CI, 1.02-4.08). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in children with NAFLD, but not consistently related with histologic disease severity. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to determine optimal dosing strategies to achieve sufficiency and to determine whether adequate supplementation has an impact on histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yodoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Orkin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana Catalina Arce-Clachar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kristin Bramlage
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Faris El-Khider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stavra A Xanthakos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marialena Mouzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Elegbede VI, Obadeji A, Adebowale TO, Oluwole LO. Comparative assessment of quality of life of patients with schizophrenia attending a community psychiatric centre and a psychiatric hospital. Ghana Med J 2019; 53:92-99. [PMID: 31481804 PMCID: PMC6697764 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v53i2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, there has been an emphasis on the de-institutionalisation of psychiatric care with a focus on community care. With Quality of Life (QoL) as an outcome measure, this study compared the QoL of patients with schizophrenia attending a psychiatric hospital and a community psychiatric centre. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study in two psychiatric facilities. METHODS Data were obtained through a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire; the QoL was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF and patient satisfaction with care with CPOSS. Total and domain scores of WHOQOL-BREF for each group were calculated and compared with each other and other group characteristics. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was based on ICD-10. RESULTS Participants from the two centres did not differ significantly on any of the socio-demographic characteristics measured. Similarly, there was no significant difference in their overall mean WHOQOL-BREF scores as well as the mean WHOQOL-BREF of domain scores. However, the married and females from both centres significantly had higher mean WHOQOL-BREF scores than their male counterparts. Patients in remission for more than two years or those on a single type of medication (either oral or depot preparation) from both centres significantly had higher mean WHOQOL-BREF score compared with those who had less than two years of remission or on both oral and depot preparations. CONCLUSION Overall QoL of patients managed at the two centres was comparable, with similar socio-demographic as well as clinical variables influencing QoL. This suggests that patients with schizophrenia can be well managed at community psychiatric centres. FUNDING None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adetunji Obadeji
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Timothy O Adebowale
- Department of Clinical services, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Lateef O Oluwole
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Altice F, Evuarherhe O, Shina S, Carter G, Beaubrun AC. Adherence to HIV treatment regimens: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:475-490. [PMID: 31040651 PMCID: PMC6452814 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s192735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART), when taken consistently, reduces morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus and viral transmission. Suboptimal treatment adherence is associated with regimen complexity and high tablet burden. Single-tablet regimens (STRs) provide a complete treatment regimen in a single tablet. This study examined the relationship between STRs (vs multiple-tablet regimens [MTRs]), treatment adherence, and viral suppression. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify studies investigating at least one of the following: (1) STR/MTR use and adherence; (2) levels of adherence and viral suppression; and (3) STR/MTR use and viral suppression. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the relationship between STR vs MTR use and adherence in observational settings at ≥95% and ≥90% adherence thresholds. RESULTS In total, 29 studies were identified across the three objectives; two studies were relevant for all objectives. STRs were associated with higher treatment adherence than MTRs in 10/11 observational studies: a 63% greater likelihood of achieving ≥95% adherence (95% CI=1.52-1.74; P<0.001) and a 43% increase in the likelihood of achieving ≥90% adherence (95% CI=1.21-1.69; P<0.001). Higher adherence rates were associated with higher levels of viral suppression in 13/18 studies. Results were mixed in five studies investigating the association between STR or MTR use and viral suppression. CONCLUSION Although the direct effect of STRs vs MTRs on viral suppression remains unclear, this study provided a quantitative estimate of the relationship between STRs and ART adherence, demonstrating that STRs are associated with significantly higher ART adherence levels at 95% and 90% thresholds. Findings from the systematic review showed that improved adherence results in an increased likelihood of achieving viral suppression in observational settings. Future research should utilize similar measures for adherence and evaluate viral suppression to improve assessment of the relationship between pill burden, adherence, and viral suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Altice
- Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Obaro Evuarherhe
- Value Demonstration Practice, Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd, Oxford, UK,
| | - Sophie Shina
- Value Demonstration Practice, Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd, Oxford, UK,
| | - Gemma Carter
- Value Demonstration Practice, Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd, Oxford, UK,
| | - Anne Christine Beaubrun
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
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Wade CA, Goodwin J, Preston D, Kyprianou N. Impact of α-adrenoceptor antagonists on prostate cancer development, progression and prevention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:46-60. [PMID: 30906804 PMCID: PMC6420703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two decades following the discovery that α1-adrenoceptor antagonists suppress prostate tumor growth at the molecular and cellular level, the impact of α-blockade as re-purposed treatment strategy in the medical management of prostate cancer is gradually being recognized. Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths among males in the United States, yet the disease maintains inconsistent recommendations for prevention and screening. The functional relationship between α-adrenergic signaling and smooth muscle cells in the stroma of the prostate gland and the bladder neck empowered the use of α-adrenoceptor antagonists for the relief of urethral obstruction and clinical symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Adrenoceptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs) that are functionally bound by catecholamines: epinephrine (ER) and norepinephrine (NE). The α1A adrenoceptor subtype is primarily responsible for smooth muscle contraction in the bladder neck and prostate gland. α1-adrenoceptor antagonists are clinically indicated as first-line therapies for the relief of BPH, hypertension, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compelling evidence from cellular and pre-clinical models have identified additional effects of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists regarding their ability to induce apoptosis-mediated suppression of prostate tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, early epidemiologic data suggest that they may serve as a safe treatment to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Optimization of quinazoline based compounds (doxazosin) to exploit pharmacologic targeting of tumor growth and vascularization revealed high efficacy of the lead novel compound DZ-50 against prostate tumors. This review discusses the experimental and pre-clinical evidence on the impact of α-blockade on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Wade
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey Goodwin
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - David Preston
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Kamar N, Cassuto E, Piotti G, Govoni M, Ciurlia G, Geraci S, Poli G, Nicolini G, Mariat C, Essig M, Malvezzi P, Le Meur Y, Garrigue V, Del Bello A, Rostaing L. Pharmacokinetics of Prolonged-Release Once-Daily Formulations of Tacrolimus in De Novo Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label, Multicenter Study. Adv Ther 2019; 36:462-477. [PMID: 30552587 PMCID: PMC6824349 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different prolonged-release formulations of tacrolimus are available. To date, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of LCP-tacrolimus (LCPT; Envarsus®) has not been compared with PR-Tac (Advagraf®) in de novo kidney transplant recipients. These profiles will guide clinical recommendations for the initiation and dose titration strategies of once-daily tacrolimus formulations. METHODS This randomized, parallel-group, open-label, multicenter PK study randomized 75 de novo, adult, white kidney transplant recipients to LCPT 0.17 mg/kg/day (n = 37) or PR-Tac 0.20 mg/kg/day (n = 38) for 4 weeks. Dose adjustments were permitted to target a pre-defined therapeutic range based on measured trough blood concentrations. RESULTS PK analysis (days 1, 3, 7 and 14) included 68 patients (LCPT, n = 33; PR-Tac, n = 35). Similar proportions of patients were within the pre-defined therapeutic tacrolimus trough blood concentration range, with < 12% in each group having below-target trough levels over the study period. LCPT demonstrated ~ 30% greater relative bioavailability [LCPT/PR-Tac adjusted geometric mean ratio: day 3, 1.32 (p = 0.007); day 7, 1.25 (p = 0.051); day 14, 1.43 (p = 0.002)] and ~ 30% lower peak-to-trough percentage fluctuation of blood concentration [LCPT/PR-Tac adjusted geometric mean ratio: day 3, 0.70 (p < 0.001); day 7, 0.68 (p < 0.001); day 14, 0.73 (p = 0.004)] in addition to longer time to maximum blood concentration (tmax), lower maximum concentration (Cmax) and a consistently lower daily dose (~ 40% dose reduction with LCPT vs. PR-Tac by day 28). Safety profiles were similar. CONCLUSION In de novo kidney transplant recipients, prolonged-release formulations of tacrolimus can reach therapeutic concentrations in the immediate post-transplant period. LCPT has greater relative bioavailability and lower peak-to-trough fluctuation compared with PR-Tac. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; study number NCT02500212. FUNDING Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Kamar
- Departments of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, INSERM U1043, IFR-BMT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Cassuto
- Unité de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital Pasteur 2, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Giovanni Piotti
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43121, Parma, Italy
- Global Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Ciurlia
- Global Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Geraci
- Global Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Poli
- Global Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nicolini
- Global Clinical Development, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Christophe Mariat
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord Avenue Albert Raimond, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Marie Essig
- Nephrology Unit, CHU Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, Limoges, France
| | - Paolo Malvezzi
- Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse, Aphérèses et Transplantation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yannick Le Meur
- Service de Nephrologie-Transplantation Rénale et Hémodialyse, CHRU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Valerie Garrigue
- Service de Néphrologie-Transplantation-Dialyse péritonéale CHU Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Del Bello
- Departments of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, INSERM U1043, IFR-BMT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Rostaing
- Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse, Aphérèses et Transplantation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Narapureddy B, Dubey D. Clinical evaluation of dimethyl fumarate for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: efficacy, safety, patient experience and adherence. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:1655-1666. [PMID: 31631980 PMCID: PMC6778444 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s187529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral disease-modifying therapy approved for management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Results from phase 3 clinical trials (DEFINE, CONFIRM) and follow-up study (ENDORSE) have provided good evidence for its efficacy and safety profile. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) assessment revealed stabilization or boost in health-related quality of life and work productivity of patients treated with DMF compared to placebo reflecting a higher patient satisfaction to therapy. Being an oral agent with relatively favorable risk versus benefit profile DMF is commonly prescribed first-line agent. However, literature suggests that intolerance to side effects, especially gastrointestinal adverse effects and flushing is one of the major causes to compromised therapeutic compliance. An increase in the real-world incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and liver abnormality cases is also concerning. Several prevention and mitigation strategies like patient counseling, dose up-titration, pretreatment with aspirin, use of symptomatic therapy and frequent blood monitoring have demonstrated to be effective in tackling these adverse effects and promoting adherence to DMF. In this article, we review the efficacy, safety, PROs and patient adhere data, along with various measures to manage adverse events and promote compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divyanshu Dubey
- Departments of Neurology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Divyanshu DubeyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, and Neurology, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN55905, USAEmail
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Zikic A, Schünemann H, Wi T, Lincetto O, Broutet N, Santesso N. Treatment of Neonatal Chlamydial Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:e107-e115. [PMID: 30007329 PMCID: PMC6097578 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continued high prevalence of chlamydia worldwide and high risk of transfer from mothers to their infant during delivery, a need for safe and effective therapies for infants who acquire a chlamydial infection remains. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic treatments, including oral erythromycin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim, for neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from their inception to July 14, 2017. We included randomized and nonrandomized studies that evaluated the effects of erythromycin, azithromycin, or trimethoprim in neonates with chlamydial conjunctivitis. A meta-analysis using a random-effects generic inverse-variance method was performed, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS We found 12 studies (n = 292 neonates) and were able to meta-analyze 7 studies that used erythromycin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight per day for 14 days. The clinical and microbiological cure were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94%-100%) and 97% (95% CI, 95%-99%), respectively, and adverse gastrointestinal effects occurred in 14% (95% CI, 1%-28%) of the neonates. The microbiological cure in the study that assessed azithromycin at 20 mg/kg per day were 60% (95% CI, 27%-93%) when it was given in a single dose and 86% (95% CI, 61%-100%) when given in a 3-day course. Two studies reported compliance with treatments, and 1 study reported no pyloric stenosis events. Because of the risk of bias and the few neonates included across the studies, the certainty of evidence is low to very low. No studies assessed trimethoprim. CONCLUSIONS Although evidence suggests that erythromycin at 50 mg/kg per day for 14 days results in higher numbers of cure than does azithromycin, compliance and risk of pyloric stenosis related to their use for other infections in neonates will factor into treatment recommendations. More data are needed to compare these treatments directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Zikic
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teodora Wi
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Lincetto
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Santesso
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Diener HC, Aisenberg J, Ansell J, Atar D, Breithardt G, Eikelboom J, Ezekowitz MD, Granger CB, Halperin JL, Hohnloser SH, Hylek EM, Kirchhof P, Lane DA, Verheugt FWA, Veltkamp R, Lip GYH. Choosing a particular oral anticoagulant and dose for stroke prevention in individual patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: part 2. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:860-868. [PMID: 26848150 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The choice of oral anticoagulant (OAC) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) may be influenced by individual clinical features or by patterns of risk factors and comorbidities. We reviewed analyses of subgroups of patients from trials of vitamin K antagonists vs. non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for stroke prevention in AF with the aim to identify patient groups who might benefit from a particular OAC more than from another. In addition, we discuss the timing of initiation of anticoagulation. In the second of a two-part review, we discuss the use of NOAC for stroke prevention in the following subgroups of patients with AF: (vii) secondary stroke prevention in patients after stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), (viii) patients with acute stroke requiring thrombolysis or thrombectomy, (ix) those initiating or restarting OAC treatment after stroke or TIA, (x) those with renal impairment on dialysis, (xi) the elderly, (xii) those at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, and (xiii) those with hypertension. In addition, we discuss adherence and compliance. Finally, we present a summary of treatment suggestions. In specific subgroups of patients with AF, evidence supports the use of particular NOACs and/or particular doses of anticoagulant. The appropriate choice of treatment for these subgroups will help to promote optimal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack Ansell
- Hofstra North Shore/LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, USA
| | - Dan Atar
- Division of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Günter Breithardt
- Division of Rhythmology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John Eikelboom
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Ezekowitz
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA.,Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan L Halperin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan H Hohnloser
- Division of Clinical Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elaine M Hylek
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, SWBH and UHB NHS Trusts, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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48
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Ogawa N, Takahara M, Shiraiwa T, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto K, Doi M, Yoshida Y, Gotou S. Improved treatment satisfaction and medication adherence after readjusting oral medication regimens with the cooperation of health insurance pharmacy in type 2 diabetic patients in Japan. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:27. [PMID: 29225909 PMCID: PMC5719562 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment satisfaction and medication adherence can be improved if physicians carefully monitor the situations, check the level of difficulties patients experience when taking medications at specific times, and readjust medication regimens based on this information. However, physicians in Japan encounter difficulties in taking enough time to collect this information in clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to investigate improvements in satisfaction and adherence with the cooperation of a health insurance pharmacy in clinical practice. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 29 type 2 diabetic outpatients who were receiving their prescriptions at a medical clinic and filling prescriptions at a nearby pharmacy. The pharmacy collected information regarding satisfaction, adherence, and preferred time of taking medications, and provided these data to the clinic. The oral medication regimens for these 29 patients were readjusted based on the information obtained. Results After readjustments, the dosing frequency was decreased from 3.4 ± 1.2 to 1.8 ± 0.5 times/day, and the number of pills was reduced from 5.7 ± 2.0 to 4.5 ± 1.7 (both p < 0.001). Increases in treatment satisfaction from 33 ± 12 to 44 ± 10 points (n = 29, p < 0.001) were observed when assessed using a questionnaire (60-point maximum). Medication adherence based on pill counts increased from 75% ± 22% to 91% ± 14% (n = 24, p < 0.001) (5 patients were excluded due to missing data). Conclusions Treatment satisfaction and medication adherence were improved after readjustments of oral medication regimens with the cooperation of a health insurance pharmacy in clinical practice in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ogawa
- Smile Pharmacy, 4-10-25 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Shiraiwa Medical Clinic, 4-10-24 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiraiwa
- Shiraiwa Medical Clinic, 4-10-24 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamamoto
- Smile Pharmacy, 4-10-25 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamamoto
- Shiraiwa Medical Clinic, 4-10-24 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Masayuki Doi
- Smile Pharmacy, 4-10-25 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Shiraiwa Medical Clinic, 4-10-24 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
| | - Setsuko Gotou
- Smile Pharmacy, 4-10-25 Hozenji, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005 Japan
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Dasarathy J, Varghese R, Feldman A, Khiyami A, McCullough AJ, Dasarathy S. Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have a Low Response Rate to Vitamin D Supplementation. J Nutr 2017; 147:1938-1946. [PMID: 28814531 PMCID: PMC5610550 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.254292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypovitaminosis D is associated with an increased severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but reports on the response to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation are conflicting.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if standard vitamin D3 supplementation is effective in NAFLD with hypovitaminosis D.Methods: Sixty-five well-characterized adults [age (mean ± SD): 51.6 ± 12.3 y] with biopsy-proven NAFLD were screened. Forty-two patients (the ratio of men to women was 13:29) had hypovitaminosis D (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <30 ng/mL). An observational study was performed in NAFLD patients with hypovitaminosis D treated with 2000 IU cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) daily for 6 mo per clinical practice. Plasma 25(OH)D, hepatic and metabolic panels, and metabolic syndrome components were assessed before and after cholecalciferol supplementation. Body composition was measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The primary outcome measure was plasma 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL at the end of the study. Secondary outcomes included change in serum transaminases, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Chi-square, Student's t tests, correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis were performed.Results: Twenty-six (61.9%) patients had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 16 (38.1%) had hepatic steatosis. After 6 mo of cholecalciferol supplementation, plasma 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL was observed in 16 subjects (38.1%; responders) whereas the remaining 26 patients (61.9%) were nonresponders with plasma 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL. Significantly fewer (P < 0.01) patients with NASH were responders (4 of 26, 15.4%) than those with hepatic steatosis (12 of 16, 75%). Baseline fasting serum alanine aminotransferase, plasma glucose, and HOMA-IR were similar in the responders and nonresponders, but the NASH score on the liver biopsy was lower (16.5%) in the responders (P < 0.001). Nonresponders had a higher fat mass (10.5%) and lower fat-free mass (10.4%) than responders did. End-of-treatment alanine aminotransferase and HOMA-IR improved only in responders. The baseline HOMA-IR and histological NASH score were independent predictors of nonresponse to cholecalciferol supplementation.Conclusions: Daily supplementation with 2000 IU cholecalciferol for 6 mo did not correct hypovitaminosis D in the majority of patients with NASH. Further studies are needed to determine if higher doses are effective. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as 13-00153.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amer Khiyami
- Pathology, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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50
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Ziaeian B, Fonarow GC, Heidenreich PA. Clinical Effectiveness of Hydralazine-Isosorbide Dinitrate in African-American Patients With Heart Failure. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2017; 5:632-639. [PMID: 28711446 PMCID: PMC5581201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate (H-ISDN) in African Americans with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). BACKGROUND Among African-American patients with HFrEF, H-ISDN was found to improve quality of life and lower HF-related hospitalization and mortality rates in the A-HEFT (African-American Heart Failure Trial). Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of this therapy in clinical practice. METHODS Veterans Affairs patients with a hospital admission for HF between 2007 and 2013 were screened. Inclusion criteria included African-American race, left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, and receipt of Veterans Affairs medications. Exclusions were documented contraindications to H-ISDN, creatinine >2.0 mg/dl, or intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for patients who received H-ISDN 6-months before admission compared with patients who did not receive H-ISDN, by using inverse probability weighting of propensity scores and a time to death analysis for 18 months of follow-up. Propensity scores were generated using patients' characteristics, left ventricular ejection fraction, laboratory values, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS The final cohort included 5,168 African-American patients with HF (mean age 65.2 years), with 15.2% treated with H-ISDN before index admission. After 18 months, there were 1,275 reported deaths (24.7%). The adjusted mortality rate at 18 months was 22.1% for patients receiving H-ISDN treatment and 25.2% for untreated patients (p = 0.009); adjusted hazard ratio: 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.00; p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS H-ISDN remains underused in African-American patients with HFrEF. In this cohort, the study found that H-ISDN use was associated with lower mortality rates in African-American patients with HFrEF when controlling for patient selection by using an inverse probability weighting of propensity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boback Ziaeian
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Division of Cardiology, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul A Heidenreich
- Division of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California.
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