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He Q, Guo X, Lv W, Cui J, Meng J, Gao X, Ma J, Zhou N, Cao Y. Follicular fluid lipidomics analysis reveals altered lipid signatures in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2024; 44:2378489. [PMID: 39016329 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2024.2378489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research investigates the metabolic profiles of follicular fluid (FF) samples from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilisation and aims to identify diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for PCOS through lipidomic analysis. METHODS We performed non-targeted lipid analysis of FF samples from women with PCOS (n = 6) and normal controls (n = 6) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differential lipids between the two groups were screened using multidimensional statistical analysis, followed by fold change analysis and t-tests to identify potential PCOS biomarkers. RESULTS Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant differences in FF lipid levels between the PCOS and control groups. Five different lipids were selected as standards, with p < .05. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), the main differentially expressed lipid, was significantly increased in the FF of the POCS group and was closely related to other lipids. CONCLUSIONS Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we investigated lipid biomarkers based on FF lipidomics to provide useful information for the discovery of diagnostic markers for PCOS. Our study identified five distinct lipids as potential markers of PCOS, with PC being the primary aberrant lipid found in the FF of patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junchao Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Cao
- Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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2
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Bohsas H, Alibrahim H, Swed S, Abouainain Y, Aljabali A, Kazan L, Jabban YKE, Mehmood Q, Sawaf B, Eissa N, Alkasem M, Edrees Y, Cherrez-Ojeda I, Fathey S, Rashid G, Hafez W, AbdElrahim E, Osman H, Emran TB, Khan Pathan R, Khandaker MU. Prevalence and knowledge of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and health-related practices among women of Syria: a cross-sectional study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 45:2318194. [PMID: 38635351 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2024.2318194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic and hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Limited data exists on Syrian women's PCOS awareness and health behaviors. This study aimed to gauge PCOS prevalence, knowledge, awareness, and health-related practices among Syrian women. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 11 February to 27 October 2022, targeting Syrian women aged 18-45. Collaborators from specific medical universities distributed a questionnaire adapted from a Malaysian paper through social media platforms. Out of 1840 surveyed Syrian women, 64.2% were aged 21-29, and 69.6% held bachelor's degrees. Those with a bachelor's degree exhibited the highest mean knowledge score (12.86), and women previously diagnosed with PCOS had a higher mean knowledge score (13.74) than those without. Approximately 27.4% were confirmed PCOS cases, and 38.9% had possible cases. Women with PCOS were 3.41 times more likely to possess knowledge about the condition. The findings suggest a moderate level of PCOS knowledge and health-related practices among Syrian women, emphasizing the need for increased awareness. Consistent local PCOS screening programs, in collaboration with obstetrics and gynecology professionals, are crucial for improving understanding and clinical symptom recognition of this condition among Syrian women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Ahmed Aljabali
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lazaward Kazan
- Faculty of Medicine, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Bisher Sawaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nourhan Eissa
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Meriam Alkasem
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Yasmine Edrees
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | - Gowhar Rashid
- Department of Amity Medical School, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elrashed AbdElrahim
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Osman
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Refat Khan Pathan
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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3
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Miranda Furtado CL, Hansen M, Kogure GS, Ribeiro VB, Taylor N, Racy Soares M, Ferriani RA, Aston KI, Jenkins T, dos Reis RM. Resistance and aerobic training increases genome-wide DNA methylation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2305082. [PMID: 38245873 PMCID: PMC10802204 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2305082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a first-line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Resistance or aerobic exercise improves metabolic complications, reproductive outcomes, and quality of life in PCOS. DNA methylation reprogramming during exercise may be the major modifier behind these changes. We sought to evaluate genome-wide DNA methylation changes after supervised resistance and aerobic exercise in women with PCOS. Exercises were performed in 56 women with PCOS (resistance, n = 30; aerobic, n = 26), for 16 weeks (wks), three times per week, in 50-minute to one-hour sessions. Anthropometric indices and hormonal and metabolic parameters were measured before and after training. Genome-wide leukocyte DNA methylation was analysed by Infinium Human MethylationEPIC 850K BeadChip microarrays (Illumina). Both resistance and aerobic exercise improved anthropometric indices, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism in PCOS after the training programme, but no differences were observed between the two exercises. Resistance and aerobic exercise increased genome-wide DNA methylation, although resistance changed every category in the CpG island context (islands, shores, shelve, and open sea), whereas aerobic exercise altered CpG shores and the open sea. Using a stringent FDR (>40), 6 significantly differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed in the resistance exercise cohort and 14 DRMs in the aerobic cohort, all of which were hypermethylated. The increase in genome-wide DNA methylation may be related to the metabolic and hormonal changes observed in PCOS after resistance and aerobic exercise. Since the mammalian genome is hypermethylated globally to prevent genomic instability and ageing, resistance and aerobic exercise may promote health and longevity through environmentally induced epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Experimental Biology Center, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Megan Hansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Gislaine Satyko Kogure
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathanael Taylor
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Kenneth Ivan Aston
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Salehi S, Allahverdy J, Pourjafar H, Sarabandi K, Jafari SM. Gut Microbiota and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Understanding the Pathogenesis and the Role of Probiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1553-1565. [PMID: 38421576 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders among women in modern societies. A variety of factors can contribute to the development of PCOS. These women often exhibit high insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, irregular periods, and infertility. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GMB) in women with PCOS has attracted the attention of many researchers. Porphyromonas spp., B. coprophilus, and F. prausnitzii are found in higher numbers in the gut of women with PCOS. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the intestinal microbiota through fermentation, play an essential role in regulating metabolic activities and are helpful in reducing insulin resistance and improving PCOS symptoms. According to studies, the bacteria producing SCFAs in the gut of these women are less abundant than in healthy women. The effectiveness of using probiotic supplements has been proven to improve the condition of women with PCOS. Daily consumption of probiotics improves dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome and increases the production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salehi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Allahverdy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khashayar Sarabandi
- Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Km 12 Mashhad-Quchan Highway, PO Box 91895, Mashhad, 157-356, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang T, Fang J, Hu J, Kong Y, Jiang R, Wang H, Yang G, Yao G. Downregulation of CASC15 attenuates the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and regulating ovarian follicular development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 592:112322. [PMID: 38942281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a type of follicular dysplasia with an unclear pathogenesis, posing certain challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. Cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (CASC15), a long non-coding RNA closely associated with tumour development, has been implicated in PCOS onset and development. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS by downregulating CASC15 expression in both in vitro and in vivo models. We explored the potential regulatory relationship between CASC15 expression and PCOS by examining cell proliferation, cell cycle dynamics, cell autophagy, steroid hormone secretion capacity, and overall ovarian function in mice. We found that CASC15 expression in granulosa cells derived from patients with PCOS was significantly higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.001). In vitro experiments revealed that downregulating CASC15 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest, and influenced cellular autophagy levels. Moreover, downregulating CASC15 affected the follicular development process in newborn mouse ovaries. In vivo studies in mice demonstrated that disrupting CASC15 expression improved PCOS-related symptoms such as polycystic changes and hyperandrogenism, and significantly affected ovulation induction and embryo implantation in pregnant mice. Overall, CASC15 was highly expressed in granulosa cells of patients with PCOS and its downregulation improved PCOS-related symptoms by influencing granulosa cell function and follicular development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junnan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guidong Yao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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6
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Dong S, Liu Y, Yang Z. Transcription factor YY1 adversely governs ovarian granulosa cell growth in PCOS by transcription activation-mediated CDKN1C upregulation. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 39317806 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age, making it imperative to explore more biomarkers for PCOS. Furthermore, previous studies have reported that cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1 C (CDKN1C) might be associated with PCOS progression. However, the molecular mechanism of CDKN1C involved in PCOS is poorly defined. METHODS CDKN1C and Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) expression levels were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay. Cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell apoptosis were analyzed using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and flow cytometry assays. Caspase 3 activity was examined using a commercial kit. Binding between YY1 and CDKN1C promoter was predicted by JASPAR and verified using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS CDKN1C and YY1 were highly expressed in PCOS granulosa cells (GCs). Furthermore, CDKN1C silencing could promote cell proliferation and cell cycle process and repress cell apoptosis in human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN cells. For mechanistic analysis, YY1 is directly bound to the promoter of CDKN1C and transcriptional-regulated CDKN1C expression. CONCLUSION YY1-activated CDKN1C might block KGN cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis, providing a possible therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Dong
- Department of Reproductve Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan Distyrict, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Youbin Liu
- Department of Reproductve Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan Distyrict, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Department of Reproductve Medical, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149, Dalian Road, Huichuan Distyrict, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Pan Y, Yang C, Sun Y, Zhang S, Xue T, Li F, Fu D. SPRY4 regulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation to affect oxidative stress and steroidogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2024:109516. [PMID: 39313103 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. The role of Sprouty RTK Signaling Antagonist 4 (SPRY4) in ovarian function in PCOS was investigated herein focusing on its regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. PCOS models were established in mice using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The expression levels of SPRY4 in ovarian tissues were analyzed through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. SPRY4 knockdown was achieved via lentivirus, and its effects on endocrine function, ovarian morphology, oxidative stress, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were evaluated. Afterwards, granulosa cells were isolated and treated with DHEA and ERK2 agonist tert-Butylhydroquinone. The impacts of ERK2 activation on the regulation of SPRY4 knockdown were assessed using ELISA, fluorescent probes, western blotting, and biochemical assays. SPRY4 knockdown normalized the estrous cycle, reduced serum levels of testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and improved ovarian morphology. Additionally, SPRY4 knockdown alleviated oxidative stress by decreasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels while increasing superoxide dismutase activity. It also restored steroidogenic enzyme expression, which were disrupted by DHEA induction. In vitro, SPRY4 knockdown enhanced granulosa cell viability and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, with tert-Butylhydroquinone reversing these effects and restoring oxidative stress and steroidogenesis disruptions. Together, SPRY4 modulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation to influence oxidative stress and steroidogenesis in PCOS. Targeting SPRY4 may provide novel therapeutic avenues for improving ovarian function and managing PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China
| | - Shenmin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China
| | - Tongmin Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China
| | - Dan Fu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province 225000, China.
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Rasheed RA, Rasheed PH, Ali AM. Metabolic and hormonal profiling in polycystic ovarian syndrome: insights into INSR gene variations. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:989. [PMID: 39287700 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder characterized by irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries, affecting many women of reproductive age. METHODS AND RESULTS This study employed statistical and molecular analyses to compare hormone and metabolic markers between PCOS patients and controls. Sanger sequencing identified two INSR gene variants linked to high insulin and pre-diabetic conditions. Statistically, no significant age differences were detected (p = 0.492) between the overall PCOS patient pool and controls. However, a substantial variation in Vitamin D levels was observed within PCOS patients compared to controls (p = 0.0006), suggesting an association with PCOS. Correlations between Vitamin D and insulin, as well as HbA1c levels (R2 = 0.141 and 0.143, respectively), suggest Vitamin D's potential impact on glycemic control. Significant differences were found in HbA1c (p < 0.0001), insulin (p < 0.0001), and LDL (p = 0.0004) levels between PCOS patients and controls, highlighting marked disparities in these metabolic markers. LH levels also showed a significant contrast (p < 0.0001), while progesterone levels displayed a notable difference (p = 0.007) between the two groups. Correlation analyses within PCOS patients demonstrated associations among LDL, HbA1c, and insulin, with no such correlations observed in control cases. Additionally, Sanger sequencing identified two INSR gene variants, c.3614C > T (p.Pro1205Leu) and c.3355C > T (p.Arg1119Trp), associated with high insulin, LH, and pre-diabetic conditions. These amino acid changes may trigger metabolic imbalances and hormonal irregularities, potentially contributing to the development of PCOS. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of PCOS, revealing significant metabolic, hormonal, and genetic differences compared to controls. These insights may inform tailored interventions and management strategies for the complex associations characteristic of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezhna A Rasheed
- Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, KRG, Iraq
| | - Poila H Rasheed
- Ministry of Health, Garmian General Directorate of Health, KRG, Iraq
| | - Ayad M Ali
- College of Science, University of Garmian, KRG, Iraq.
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Quan K, Ning S, You Z, Deng G. Bioinformatics analysis of the role of RNA modification regulators in polycystic ovary syndrome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36706. [PMID: 39281527 PMCID: PMC11400967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic and endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS is influenced by factors such as race, genetics, environment, hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms linking RNA modification and PCOS remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential genetic and molecular pathways connecting RNA modification with PCOS through bioinformatics analyses. Methods The GSE34526, GSE5850, and GSE98421 datasets were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. We identified intersecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and RNA modification-related genes within the GSE34526 dataset and visualized the overlaps using a Venn diagram. Subsequent analyses included Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and immune infiltration analysis. Additionally, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network as well as mRNA-miRNA, mRNA-RNA binding protein, and mRNA-transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks. The expression and receiver operating characteristic curves of hub genes were also identified. Results The expression of several RNA modification-related DEGs (RMRDEGs) (ALYREF, NUDT1, AGO2, TET2, YTHDF2, and TRMT61B) showed significant differences in PCOS patients. GSEA and GSVA indicated that RMRDEGs were enriched in the hedgehog, MAPK, JAK STAT, and Notch pathways. Key transcription factors, including SP7, KLF8, HCFC1, IRF1, and MLLT1, were identified in the TF regulatory networks. Conclusions These findings suggest that there are gene and miRNA profile alterations exist in PCOS patients and highlight immune-related differences. This knowledge could pave the way for new research directions in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Shuting Ning
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zilin You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Gaopi Deng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Ravat FK, Goswami JR, Nair SM, Thummar KN. A review of metabolic and microbial influences on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Steroids 2024; 212:109512. [PMID: 39278517 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting reproductive-aged women worldwide. Characterized by irregular menstruation, signs of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries via ultrasound ovarian dysfunction. AREA COVERED The review delves into the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the syndrome. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, IR, obesity, and hyperandrogenism contribute to anovulation and follicular dysfunction which is associated with gut dysbiosis, bile metabolites, and an unhealthy diet. Metabolomics and genomics analyses offer insights into the metabolism of bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota dysbiosis in PCOS. BAs, crucial for metabolic regulation, are influenced by microbes, impacting hormonal balance. Disruptions in gut microbiota contribute to hormonal dysregulation. Interconnected pathways involving BAs and gut microbiota are pivotal in PCOS. Therapeutic implications include a healthy diet, exercise, and interventions targeting gut microbiota modulation and BAs metabolite to alleviate PCOS symptoms and improve metabolic health. CONCLUSION PCOS requires a multifaceted, multidisciplinary approach for effective management, including lifestyle changes, medications, and emerging therapies. Tailored strategies considering individual needs and personalized treatment plans are crucial for successful PCOS management. Despite existing knowledge, comprehensive investigations are needed to bridge research gaps and discern the interconnected pathways linking the development of PCOS and the gut-bile axis which are interconnected with metabolic disorders and the development of PCOS. Gut microbiota and hormonal regulation offer promising avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing the root causes of PCOS and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram K Ravat
- Gujarat Technological University School of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Janki R Goswami
- Gujarat Technological University School of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sneha M Nair
- Gujarat Technological University School of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Kashyap N Thummar
- Gujarat Technological University School of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Shen C, Jiang Y, Lin J, Guo Q, Fang D. METTL3 silencing inhibits ferroptosis to suppress ovarian fibrosis in PCOS by upregulating m6A modification of GPX4. J Mol Histol 2024:10.1007/s10735-024-10257-7. [PMID: 39261364 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is extensively reported to be involved in organ fibrosis. Ovarian fibrosis is a main characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the reaction mechanism of METTL3 in PCOS is poorly investigated. This paper was intended to reveal the role and the mechanism of METTL3 in PCOS. Animal and cell models of PCOS were induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). H&E staining was performed to detect the pathological alterations in ovary tissues. Masson staining, immunofluorescence, along with western blot measured fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate estrous cycle, vaginal smear was performed. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis were evaluated by MDA assay kits, GSH assay kits, immunohistochemistry, Prussian blue staining and western blot. qRT-PCR and western blot were adopted to estimate METTL3 and GPX4 expression. The m6A and hormone secretion levels were respectively assessed by m6A RNA Methylation Quantitative Kit and corresponding kits. The interaction between METTL3 and GPX4 was testified by immunoprecipitation. The fibrosis and ferroptosis were aggravated and m6A and METTL3 expression were increased in ovarian tissues of DHEA-induced PCOS mice. METTL3 silencing alleviated pathological changes, affected hormone secretion level, and repressed fibrosis, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in the ovarian tissues of PCOS mice. In vitro, DHEA stimulation increased m6A and METTL3 expression and induced ferroptosis and fibrosis. METTL3 knockdown promoted GPX4 expression in DHEA-induced granulosa cells by m6A modification and restrained DHEA-induced fibrosis, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in granulosa cells via elevating GPX4. METTL3 silence inhibited ovarian fibrosis in PCOS, which was mediated through suppressing ferroptosis by upregulating GPX4 in m6A-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingzhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Farhad Sadr Tabatabaie S, Salahshoorifar I, Pouresmaeili F, Hosseinpour Golloo Z, Aarabi A, Kholghi Oskooei V, Vatannejad A. Association between IL-6 -174 G/C (rs1800795) and IL-1A -889 C/T (rs1800587) cytokine variants with polycystic ovary syndrome in Iranian women: A case-control study. Gene 2024; 933:148906. [PMID: 39222755 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Infertility in women has various causes, one of which is ovulation disorders. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affecting ovulation is a complex idiopathic disease in which genetic polymorphisms may be involved. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IL-6 -174 G/C and IL-1A -889 G/A cytokine polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in a population of Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control pilot study, 120 PCOS patients (60 infertile, LPI, and 60 women with recurrent pregnancy abortion, LPA) and 60 controls, CTRLs) participated. After genomic DNA extraction from peripheral blood, we investigated for the polymorphisms rs1800795 of the IL-6 -174 and rs1800587 of the IL-1A-889 using specific primers and PCR-RFLP followed by NlaIII enzyme digestion and PCR-ARMS techniques. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the studied groups in terms of clinical characteristics (p-value < 0.05) except for the levels of HDL and LDL. Regarding demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, a significant correlation was observed between C/G and G/G genotypes of rs1800795 and FBS level (p value = 0.002). Also, rs1800587 showed a substantial relationship between CC and CT genotypes with the level of LH in LPI and the level of FBS in the LPAs (p value = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the frequencies of rs1800795 and frequencies of rs1800587 genotypes in the three studied groups (p value > 0.05).The studied variants were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSION The present work showed that rs1800795 and rs1800587 were not directly associated with PCOS in Iranian patients while the SNPs showed an indirect relationship with some factors affecting the disease. However, using genome-wide association analysis is a proper suggestion to obtain more reliable information about the disease's genetic view. To our knowledge, this is the first report that implicates the role of the examined SNPs in an Iranian PCOS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farhad Sadr Tabatabaie
- Department of Convergent Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshoorifar
- Department of Convergent Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hosseinpour Golloo
- Department of Convergent Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aarabi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stephen SB, Pauline R, Velmurugan S, Subbaraj GK. An association between fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) and kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) (rs4889, rs372790354) gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated meta-analysis and power analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:2457-2475. [PMID: 39126595 PMCID: PMC11405594 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate FTO rs9939609 and KISS1 rs4889, rs372790354 gene polymorphisms and its association with PCOS in Asian population. METHODS The studies included in this article were obtained by using online databases. We searched databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for case-control articles related to FTO and KISS1 gene polymorphism with PCOS. Metagenyo software was used to determine the 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR). RESULTS A total of 13 articles was included in this meta-analysis for FTO (rs9939609) and KISS1 (rs4889; rs372790354) gene polymorphisms related with PCOS in the Asian population. According to the findings of this study, people with FTO rs9939609 show an association with PCOS risk in dominant model. On contradictory, KISS1 gene polymorphism specifically, rs4889 show an association with PCOS risk in allelic, recessive, and dominant models whereas rs372790354 show an association with PCOS risk in allelic and dominant models. Power analysis was performed and PPI is > 0.04. The sting analysis network for FTO and KISS1 gene estimated 12 nodes and 23 edges. DISCUSSION The FTO rs9939609 variant exhibits an association with an increased risk of PCOS in the dominant model. KISS1 gene polymorphism, particularly rs4889, shows a significant association with PCOS risk in allelic, recessive, and dominant models. Similarly, KISS1 rs372790354 gene is associated with PCOS risk in both allelic and dominant models. Researches were focused only on the Asian population so; it is imperative to conduct further research across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Benita Stephen
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rashmi Pauline
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saranya Velmurugan
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Joseph S, Patil K, Rahate N, Shah J, Mukherjee S, Mahale SD. Integrated data driven analysis identifies potential candidate genes associated with PCOS. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 113:108191. [PMID: 39243549 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common anovulatory disorder observed in women presenting with infertility. Several high and low throughput studies on PCOS have led to accumulation of vast amount of information on PCOS. Despite the availability of several resources which index the advances in PCOS, information on its etiology still remains inadequate. Analysis of the existing information using an integrated evidence based approach may aid identification of novel potential candidate genes with a role in PCOS pathophysiology. This work focuses on integrating existing information on PCOS from literature and gene expression studies and evaluating the application of gene prioritization and network analysis to predict missing novel candidates. Further, it assesses the utility of evidence-based scoring to rank genes for their association with PCOS. The results of this study led to identification of ∼2000 plausible candidate genes associated with PCOS. Insilico validation of these identified candidates confirmed the role of 938 genes in PCOS. Further, experimental validation was carried out for four of the potential candidate genes, a high-scoring (PROS1), two mid-scoring (C1QA and KNG1), and a low-scoring gene (VTN) involved in the complement and coagulation pathway by comparing protein levels in follicular fluid in women with PCOS and healthy controls. While the expression of PROS1, C1QA, and KNG1 was found to be significantly downregulated in women with PCOS, the expression of VTN was found to be unchanged in PCOS. The findings of this study reiterate the utility of employing insilico approaches to identify and prioritize the most promising candidate genes in diseases with a complex pathophysiology like PCOS. Further, the study also helps in gaining clearer insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with the manifestation of the PCOS phenotype by contributing to the existing repertoire of genes associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaini Joseph
- Genetic Research Center, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Krutika Patil
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Niharika Rahate
- Genetic Research Center, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Jatin Shah
- Mumbai Fertility Clinic & IVF Centre, Kamala Polyclinic and Nursing Home, Mumbai 400026, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Smita D Mahale
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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15
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El Leithy AA, Abozaid M, Al-Karmalawy AA, Mahmoud Allam R, Nourelden AZ, Amer RM, Abd El Azeem NH, Abo-Zeid FS. Spirulina versus metformin for controlling some insulin signaling pathway genes in induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model. Gene 2024; 921:148524. [PMID: 38735598 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinologic and gynecologic disorder that affects women of reproductive age; besides, insulin resistance (IR) occurs in 50-70 % of PCOS cases. Metformin (Met) is commonly prescribed for IR management; however, it does not affect IR with some gastrointestinal symptoms. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green alga that may increase insulin sensitivity. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate SP as an alternative treatment to Met for improving glucose homeostasis by assessing the expression of 11 crucial genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway. After induction of the PCOS model using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (60 mg/kg bwt) for 30 consecutive days, rats were allocated into six groups. Relative liver weight, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) serum levels, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and insulin were determined. Furthermore, the gene expression of Ins1, Irs1, Pik3ca, Prkcz, Foxo1, Srebf1, Ppargc1a, Pklr, Gk, G6pc, and Pepck in the rat's liver tissue was determined using qRT-PCR. Treatment of the PCOS control group with Met or SP revealed a decrease in all these parameters compared with the PCOS model. Additionally, we found a statistically significant difference in the expression of both the Gk and Prkcz genes. To summarize our study results, SP or Met supplementation to PCOS rats had almost the same effect on assessed relative liver weight, GOT, GPT, and insulin levels compared with PCOS control rats. If further studies confirm and detect more impact of SP on IR in PCOS, SP could be used instead of Met since the latter causes many side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A El Leithy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abozaid
- Department of Medical Genetics & Genomics School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 12566, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Mahmoud Allam
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics National Cancer Institute, Cairo University (CU), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rodina M Amer
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nesreen H Abd El Azeem
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
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16
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Kodanch SM, Mukherjee S, Prabhu NB, Kabekkodu SP, Bhat SK, Rai PS. Altered mitochondrial homeostasis on bisphenol-A exposure and its association in developing polycystic ovary syndrome: A comprehensive review. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 130:108700. [PMID: 39181417 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrinopathy that is known to be one of the most common reproductive pathologies observed in premenopausal women around the globe and is particularly complex as it affects various endocrine and reproductive metabolic pathways. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are considered to be environmental toxicants as they have hazardous health effects on the functioning of the human endocrine system. Among various classes of EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA) has been under meticulous investigation due to its ability to alter the endocrine processes. As there is emerging evidence suggesting that BPA-induced mitochondrial homeostasis dysfunction in various pathophysiological conditions, this review aims to provide a detailed review of how various pathways associated with ovarian mitochondrial homeostasis are impaired on BPA exposure and its mirroring effects on the PCOS phenotype. BPA exposure might cause significant damage to the mitochondrial morphology and functions through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and simultaneously downregulates the total antioxidant capacity, thereby leading to oxidative stress. BPA disrupts the mitochondrial dynamics in human cells by altering the expressions of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes, increases the senescence marker proteins, along with significant alterations in the mTOR/AMPK pathway, upregulates the expression of autophagy mediating factors, and downregulates the autophagic suppressor. Furthermore, an increase in apoptosis of the ovarian granulosa cells indicates impaired folliculogenesis. As all these key features are associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS, this review can provide a better insight into the possible associations between BPA-induced dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supraja M Kodanch
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sayantani Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Navya B Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Shashikala K Bhat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dr T M A Pai Hospital, Udupi, Karnataka 576101, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Chang KJ, Chen JH, Chen KH. The Pathophysiological Mechanism and Clinical Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Molecular and Cellular Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9037. [PMID: 39201722 PMCID: PMC11354688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. The pathogenesis of PCOS involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including insulin resistance (IR) and resultant hyperinsulinemia. Insulin receptors, primarily in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, activate downstream signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK upon binding. These pathways regulate glucose uptake, storage, and lipid metabolism. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several candidate genes related to steroidogenesis and insulin signaling. Environmental factors such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and lifestyle choices also exacerbate PCOS traits. Other than lifestyle modification and surgical intervention, management strategies for PCOS can be achieved by using pharmacological treatments like antiandrogens, metformin, thiazolidinediones, aromatase inhibitor, and ovulation drugs to improve insulin sensitivity and ovulatory function, as well as combined oral contraceptives with or without cyproterone to resume menstrual regularity. Despite the complex pathophysiology and significant economic burden of PCOS, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular and cellular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective public health policies and treatment strategies. Nevertheless, many unknown aspects of PCOS, including detailed mechanisms of actions, along with the safety and effectiveness for the treatment, warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jung Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Jie-Hong Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Zeng X, Yang C. Correlation analysis of BMI with ovulation effect and clinical pregnancy rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:4174-4181. [PMID: 39262693 PMCID: PMC11384404 DOI: 10.62347/kyes1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was designed to investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) along with both ovulation effect and clinical pregnancy rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as well as to analyze the factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate. METHODS In the retrospective study, data from 122 patients were collected. The patients were classified into three groups based on their pre-pregnancy BMI: normal weight, overweight group, and obese group. The analysis focused on examining the ovulation indicators, ovulation rates, and clinical pregnancy rates across different groups. Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate. RESULTS The obese group exhibited significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels compared to the overweight and normal-weight groups (P<0.0001); but no significant difference was found between the overweight and normal-weight groups (P>0.05). Both the obese and overweight groups had elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the normal-weight group (P<0.0001), with no significant difference between the obese and overweight groups (P>0.05). The obese group exhibited significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to the normal-weight group (P<0.05); but no significant difference in HDL-C levels was observed between the overweight and normal-weight groups (P>0.05). Both the overweight group and obese group showed notably higher endometrial thickness and diameter of mature follicles than the normal weight group (P<0.05), as well as notably fewer mature follicles (P<0.05). Furthermore, the obese group demonstrated a significantly lower number of mature follicles compared to the overweight group (P<0.05). Conversely, the diameter of mature follicles was found to be significantly higher in the obese group than in the overweight group (P<0.05). The endometrial thickness showed a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.657, P<0.001), while the number of mature follicles exhibited a negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.547, P<0.001). Additionally, the diameter of mature follicles demonstrated a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.681, P<0.001). Relatively high BMI, advanced maternal age, and elevated FPG were identified as independent risk factors associated with low clinical pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Relatively high BMI, advanced maternal age, and elevated FPG are independent risk factors associated with a decreased likelihood of achieving clinical pregnancy in patients. Therefore, in clinical practice, assisting obese patients in weight reduction to maintain a BMI within the normal range of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 and lowering blood glucose levels can contribute to better pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive and Gynecological Endocrinology, Changde Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Changde 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive and Gynecological Endocrinology, Changde Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Changde 415000, Hunan, China
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Manthey C, Cepon-Robins T, Warrener A. Hyperandrogenism associated with polycystic ovary syndrome may have a protective effect against fracture risk in female athletes: A pilot study. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24070. [PMID: 38488301 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, is believed to be an evolutionary mismatch disease. Past research has examined PCOS as a uniform disease, despite variation in phenotypes across diagnostic categories, but establishing an evolutionary mismatch requires a focus on individual traits. We suggest PCOS hyperandrogenism may have been beneficial in ancestral environments because it reduced fracture risk and associated morbidity and mortality due to increased bone mineral density (BMD). We test this hypothesis by assessing fracture frequency, a proxy for BMD, in highly active females with and without PCOS hyperandrogenism. METHODS Sixty-seven reproductive-aged women were surveyed and grouped as: high intensity interval training (HIIT; a proxy for metabolic and physical stress) athletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (31.24%), HIIT athletes without PCOS (29.85%), and nonathletes with hyperandrogenic PCOS (38.81%). Fracture occurrence was compared between the groups using independent samples Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normally distributed data, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine anthropometrics, lifestyle and reproductive factors, PCOS status, and exercise frequency on fracture occurrence. RESULTS Fracture occurrence was higher in non-PCOS athletes (3.8 ± 4.3) than PCOS-athletes (1.2 ± 1.4, p = .11) and PCOS-non-athletes (1.0 ± 1.4, p < .01). PCOS-athletes and nonathletes did not differ significantly in fracture occurrence (p = .33). These results were independent of factors associated with bone health. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest females with PCOS-related hyperandrogenism may be less likely to experience bone fractures and provide an initial step to explaining why PCOS has persisted despite marked negative reproductive consequences in modern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Manthey
- The University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Tara Cepon-Robins
- The University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Warrener
- The University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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20
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Arvanitakis K, Chatzikalil E, Kalopitas G, Patoulias D, Popovic DS, Metallidis S, Kotsa K, Germanidis G, Koufakis T. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Complex Interplay. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4243. [PMID: 39064282 PMCID: PMC11278502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are prevalent conditions that have been correlated with infertility through overlapped pathophysiological mechanisms. MASLD is associated with metabolic syndrome and is considered among the major causes of chronic liver disease, while PCOS, which is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, is one of the leading causes of female infertility. The pathophysiological links between PCOS and MASLD have not yet been fully elucidated, with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia being among the key pathways that contribute to liver lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, aggravating liver dysfunction. On the other hand, MASLD exacerbates insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation in women with PCOS, creating a vicious cycle of disease progression. Understanding the intricate relationship between MASLD and PCOS is crucial to improving clinical management, while collaborative efforts between different medical specialties are essential to optimize fertility and liver health outcomes in individuals with MASLD and PCOS. In this review, we summarize the complex interplay between MASLD and PCOS, highlighting the importance of increasing clinical attention to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.K.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena Chatzikalil
- Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.K.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Djordje S. Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Symeon Metallidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.K.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
- Division of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.A.); (G.K.); (S.M.); (G.G.)
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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21
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Li X, Gao B, Gao B, Li X, Xia X. Transcriptome profiling reveals dysregulation of inflammatory and protein synthesis genes in PCOS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16596. [PMID: 39025980 PMCID: PMC11258128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To analyze the differential expression genes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), clarify their functions and pathways, as well as the protein-protein interaction network, identify HUB genes, and explore the pathological mechanism. PCOS microarray datasets were screened from the GEO database. Common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) were obtained using GEO2R and Venn analysis. Enrichment and pathway analyses were conducted using the DAVID online tool, with results presented in bubble charts. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed using the STRING tool. HUB genes were identified using Cytoscape software and further interpreted with the assistance of the GeneCards database. A total of two sets of co-DEGs (108 and 102), key proteins (15 and 55), and hub genes (10 and 10) were obtained. The co-DEGs: (1) regulated inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways; (2) regulated ribosomes and protein translation, ribosome and immune pathways. The key proteins: (1) regulated inflammation, immunity, transcription, matrix metabolism, proliferation/differentiation, energy, and repair; (2) regulated ubiquitination, enzymes, companion proteins, respiratory chain components, and fusion proteins. The Hub genes: (1) encoded transcription factors and cytokines, playing vital roles in development and proliferation; (2) encoded ribosomes and protein synthesis, influencing hormone and protein synthesis, associated with development and infertility. The dysregulated expression of inflammation and protein synthesis genes in PCOS may be the key mechanism underlying its onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Biao Gao
- Teaching and Research Support Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bingsi Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xian Xia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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22
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Fedeli V, Unfer V, Dinicola S, Laganà AS, Canipari R, Monti N, Querqui A, Galante E, Laurenzi G, Bizzarri M. Inositol Restores Appropriate Steroidogenesis in PCOS Ovaries Both In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Mouse Models. Cells 2024; 13:1171. [PMID: 39056753 PMCID: PMC11275052 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgen excess is a key feature of several clinical phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the presence of FSH receptor (FSHR) and aromatase (CYP19A1) activity responses to physiological endocrine stimuli play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Preliminary data suggest that myo-Inositol (myo-Ins) and D-Chiro-Inositol (D-Chiro-Ins) may reactivate CYP19A1 activity. We investigated the steroidogenic pathway of Theca (TCs) and Granulosa cells (GCs) in an experimental model of murine PCOS induced in CD1 mice exposed for 10 weeks to a continuous light regimen. The effect of treatment with different combinations of myo-Ins and D-Chiro-Ins on the expression of Fshr, androgenic, and estrogenic enzymes was analyzed by real-time PCR in isolated TCs and GCs and in ovaries isolated from healthy and PCOS mice. Myo-Ins and D-Chiro-Ins, at a ratio of 40:1 at pharmacological and physiological concentrations, positively modulate the steroidogenic activity of TCs and the expression of Cyp19a1 and Fshr in GCs. Moreover, in vivo, inositols (40:1 ratio) significantly increase Cyp19a1 and Fshr. These changes in gene expression are mirrored by modifications in hormone levels in the serum of treated animals. Myo-Ins and D-Chiro-Ins in the 40:1 formula efficiently rescued PCOS features by up-regulating aromatase and FSHR levels while down-regulating androgen excesses produced by TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fedeli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (N.M.); (A.Q.); (E.G.)
- Systems Biology Group Lab, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Dept. of Gynaecology, UniCamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Dinicola
- Systems Biology Group Lab, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Paolo Giaccone” Hospital, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and ChildCare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rita Canipari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Noemi Monti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (N.M.); (A.Q.); (E.G.)
- Systems Biology Group Lab, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Querqui
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (N.M.); (A.Q.); (E.G.)
- Systems Biology Group Lab, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Galante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (N.M.); (A.Q.); (E.G.)
- Systems Biology Group Lab, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gaia Laurenzi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (N.M.); (A.Q.); (E.G.)
- Systems Biology Group Lab, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research, and on PCOS (EGOI-PCOS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Andavar M, Kamaraj R, Vijayakumar TM, Murugesan A. Therapeutic potential of acarbose in ameliorating the metabolic and endocrinological complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a review. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:1123-1135. [PMID: 38771729 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2358237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a perplexed condition addressing endocrinal, cardiometabolic and gynaecological issues. It affects women of adolescent age and is drastically increasing in the Indo-Asian ethnicity over the recent years. According to Rotterdam criteria, PCOS is characterized by clinical or biochemical excess androgen and polycystic ovarian morphology; however, it has been established in the recent years that PCOS exacerbates to further serious metabolic conditions on the long term. This is a narrative literature review and not systematic review and is based on PubMed searches with relevant keywords "Polycystic ovarian syndrome AND acarbose OR metformin OR myoinositol; PCOS AND metabolic syndrome OR cardiovascular disease OR menstrual irregularity OR infertility OR chronic anovulation OR clinical hyperandrogenism" used in the title and are limited to articles published in English language with no time limits. A prominent aspect of PCOS is hyperandrogenaemia and hyperinsulinemia. About 50-70% of afflicted women have compensatory hyperinsulinemia and close to one tierce suffer from anovulation and infertility. Insulin resistance leads to metabolic complications and works with luteinizing hormone in increasing the ovarian androgen production. This excess androgen leads to clinical manifestations, irregular menstrual cycles and infertility. There isn't an entire cure, only the symptomatic clinical factors are considered rather than focusing on the underlying long-term complications. Therefore, the article focuses on a potent alpha glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose which suppresses the post meal glucose and insulin by delaying the absorption of complex carbs. It exhibits cardio-metabolic and hormonal benefits and is well tolerable in the south asian population. This review highlights the safety, effectiveness of acarbose in ameliorating the long-term complications of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andavar
- SRM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raju Kamaraj
- SRM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar
- SRM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anuradha Murugesan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
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Bakhashab S, Batarfi AA, Alhartani MM, Turki R, Mady W. Genetic Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the APOA5 rs662799 and PLIN1 rs894160 Metabolic Variants in the Western Saudi Population: A Case-Control Study. Biomark Insights 2024; 19:11772719241258585. [PMID: 38887365 PMCID: PMC11181890 DOI: 10.1177/11772719241258585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological condition affecting women of reproductive age, associated with insulin resistance and obesity. PCOS pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Objectives This study aimed to determine and compare genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5; rs662799) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1; rs894160, rs1052700 and rs6496589) genes in Western Saudi women to investigate their association with PCOS and its clinical characteristics. Design and methods This was a case-control study conducted on women with (n = 104) and without (n = 87) PCOS. The SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan genotyping assays. Results Significant and direct associations were detected between PCOS susceptibility and APOA5 SNP rs662799 and PLIN1 SNP rs894160 (P < .001). For APOA5 SNP rs662799, women with the A allele were more likely to have PCOS (relative risk [RR] = 1.348, odds ratio [OR] = 2.313, P < .001) and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 17.0, P = .5) than women with the G allele. For PLIN1 SNP rs894160, women with the T allele were more likely to have PCOS than women with the C allele (RR = 8.043, OR = 7.427, P < .001). For PLIN1 SNP rs1052700, women with the TT genotype were more likely to have hyperandrogenism (OR = 29.75, P = .02) and an irregular period (OR = 0.07, P = .040) than women with the AT genotype. Conclusion We identified novel alleles and genotypes contributing to the genetic risk of PCOS in the Western Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma A Batarfi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahinar M Alhartani
- College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Turki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wessam Mady
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao T, Xiao X, Li L, Zhu J, He W, Zhang Q, Wu J, Wu X, Yuan T. Changes in the serum metabolomics of polycystic ovary syndrome before and after compound oral contraceptive treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1354214. [PMID: 38948525 PMCID: PMC11211979 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1354214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is both a common endocrine syndrome and a metabolic disorder that results in harm to the reproductive system and whole-body metabolism. This study aimed to investigate differences in the serum metabolic profiles of patients with PCOS compared with healthy controls, in addition to investigating the effects of compound oral contraceptive (COC) treatment in patients with PCOS. Materials and methods 50 patients with PCOS and 50 sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Patients with PCOS received three cycles of self-administered COC treatment. Clinical characteristics were recorded, and the laboratory biochemical data were detected. We utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry to study the serum metabolic changes between patients with PCOS, patients with PCOS following COC treatment, and healthy controls. Result Patients with PCOS who received COC treatment showed significant improvements in serum sex hormone levels, a reduction in luteinising hormone levels, and a significant reduction in the levels of biologically active free testosterone in the blood. Differential metabolite correlation analysis revealed differences between PCOS and healthy control groups in N-tetradecanamide, hexadecanamide, 10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, and 13-HOTrE(r); after 3 months of COC treatment, there were significant differences in benzoic acid, organic acid, and phenolamides. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyse blood serum in each group, the characteristic changes in PCOS were metabolic disorders of amino acids, carbohydrates, and purines, with significant changes in the levels of total cholesterol, uric acid, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and glutamate. Conclusion Following COC treatment, improvements in sex hormone levels, endocrine factor levels, and metabolic levels were better than in the group of PCOS patients receiving no COC treatment, indicating that COC treatment for PCOS could effectively regulate the levels of sex hormones, endocrine factors, and serum metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lingchuan Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenli He
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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26
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Samma ZH, Khan HN, Riffat S, Ashraf M, Rehman R. Unraveling the Genetic Associations of DENND1A (rs9696009) and ERBB4 (rs2178575) with Infertile Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Females in Pakistan. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2148-2165. [PMID: 37870708 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic disorder in reproductive-aged women which is associated with comorbidities of reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychological nature. PCOS is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Pathogenesis of PCOS involves strong interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Many Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with PCOS in different populations. Currently, very limited association studies of PCOS and infertility have been done on Pakistani population. The variants DENND1A rs9696009 and ERBB4 rs2178575 are significantly associated with PCOS in Chinese and European populations. These candidate genes regulate the production of androgen hormone, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), and luteinizing hormone. All these hormones are involved pathogenesis of PCOS and infertility. The aim of the study is to find an association of DENND1A rs9696009 and ERBB4 rs2178575 variants with PCOS in infertile Pakistani females. In this case-control study, 300 infertile females were recruited. The cases (n = 160) were infertile female diagnosed with PCOS (Rotterdam Criteria), and controls (n = 140) were infertile women with no evidence of PCOS. The genomic DNA was isolated, and genotyping was done by PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism and further validated by DNA Sanger Sequencing. The Chi-Square analysis showed rs2178575 (ERBB4) was significantly associated with infertility (χ2 = 10.282, p = 0.005852) while rs9696009 (DENND1A) did not show any significant association (χ2 = 3.10, p = 0.212036). Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed and revealed that rs2178575 (ERBB4) heterozygous genotypes (GA) and mutant genotypes (AA) decrease the risk of infertility by 0.541 times (OR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.314-0.930, p = 0.026) and 0.416 times (OR = 0.416, 95% CI = 0.228-0.757, p = 0.004), respectively, compared to wild-type genotype (GG). The ERBB4 variant is significantly associated with PCOS infertile women and genetically indicated that ERBB4 (rs2178575) decreases the risk of infertility in females having PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Hanif Samma
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Riffat
- Department of Physiology, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Ashraf
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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27
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Davis EHS, Jones C, Coward K. Rethinking the application of nanoparticles in women's reproductive health and assisted reproduction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1231-1251. [PMID: 38686941 PMCID: PMC11285225 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanotechnology may present opportunities to revolutionize the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of a range of reproductive health conditions in women. These technologies are also used to improve outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. We highlight a range of these potential clinical uses of nanoparticles for polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and sexually transmitted infections, considering in vitro and in vivo studies along with clinical trials. In addition, we discuss applications of nanoparticles in assisted reproductive technology, including sperm loading, gamete and embryo preservation and preventing preterm birth. Finally, we present some of the concerns associated with the medical use of nanoparticles, identifying routes for further exploration before nanoparticles can be applied to women's reproductive health in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily HS Davis
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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28
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Guo X, Cao Y, He Q, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhang J, Lv W, Zhang B, Zhou X. Modulation of the RAC1/MAPK/ERK signalling pathway by farnesyl diphosphate synthase regulates granulosa cells proliferation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Cell 2024; 37:689-703. [PMID: 38551774 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex gynaecological endocrine disease that occurs in women of childbearing age. The pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear and further exploration is needed. Here, proteomic analysis indicated that the expression of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) protein in ovarian tissue of PCOS mice was significantly decreased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between potential biomarkers of PCOS and granulosa cells (GCs) function. The mechanisms by which FDPS affected the proliferation of granulosa cells were also explored both in vitro and in vivo. We found that knockdown of FDPS inhibited the proliferation of KGN (human ovarian granulosa cell line), while overexpression of FDPS had the opposite effect. FDPS activated Rac1 (Rac Family Small GTPase 1) activity and regulated MAPK/ERK signalling pathway, which affecting the proliferation of KGN cells significantly. In addition, treatment with the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-FDPS reverses the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS-phenotype in mice. Our data indicated that FDPS could regulate the proliferation of ovarian GCs by modulating MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases) pathway via activating Rac1 activity. These findings suggest that FDPS could be of great value for the regulation of ovarian granulosa cell function and the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yijuan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Linna Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Wenqiang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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Kong FS, Huang P, Chen JH, Ma Y. The Novel Insight of Gut Microbiota from Mouse Model to Clinical Patients and the Role of NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3. [PMID: 38653859 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and related symptoms in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development of PCOS. The gut microbiota, a complex bacterial ecosystem, has been extensively studied for various diseases, including PCOS, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites observed in PCOS and their potential association with the condition. Additionally, we discuss the role of abnormal nuclear factor κB signaling in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and may pave the way for the development of control and therapeutic strategies for this condition in clinical practice. By bridging the gap between mouse models and clinical patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and inflammation in PCOS, thus paving new ways for future investigations and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang F, Tang C, Wang J, Lin T, Ge W, He C, Yang C, Zuo Z. Letrozole induced a polycystic ovary syndrome model in zebrafish by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123723. [PMID: 38452838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease in women of childbearing age, with an incidence of 5-10%. This study compared the traits of zebrafish with three diagnostic criteria for human PCOS, and the diagnostic criteria for zebrafish PCOS were proposed: decreased fecundity, elevated testosterone (T) or 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels and increased cortical-alveolar oocyte (CO) ratio, enhancing the zebrafish PCOS model's accuracy. According to the mammalian PCOS classification, the type of zebrafsh PCOS is divided into four phenotypes (A, B, C and D), but the four phenotypes of zebrafish PCOS are not fully covered in the existing studies (A and D). In this study, we successfully induced phenotype B zebrafish PCOS model using the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole (LET). That is, wild-type female zebrafish were exposed to 1000 μg/L LET for 30 days. Reproductive tests showed decreased fecundity in female zebrafish exposed to LET (Control: 132.63, 146.00, 173.00; LET: 29.20, 90.00, 82.71). Hormone analysis showed that female zebrafish exposed to LET had significantly lower 17β-estradiol/testosterone (E2/T) ratios, indicating elevated T levels. Meanwhile, levels of 11-KT in the ovaries exposed to LET were significantly up-regulated (Control: 0.0076 pg/μg; LET: 0.0138 pg/μg). Pathological sections of the ovary showed fewer CO in the LET-exposed group (Control: 16.27%; LET: 8.38%). In summary, the zebrafish PCOS model summarized and studied in this study provide a reliable and economical tool for the screening of therapeutic drugs, as well as for the etiology research and treatment strategies of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Pratama G, Wiweko B, Asmarinah, Widyahening IS, Andraini T, Bayuaji H, Hestiantoro A. Mechanism of elevated LH/FSH ratio in lean PCOS revisited: a path analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8229. [PMID: 38589425 PMCID: PMC11002031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting 5-20% of reproductive-age women. However, the treatment of PCOS is mainly based on symptoms and not on its pathophysiology. Neuroendocrine disturbance, as shown by an elevated LH/FSH ratio in PCOS patients, was thought to be the central mechanism of the syndrome, especially in lean PCOS. LH and FSH secretion are influenced by GnRH pulsatility of GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin is the main regulator of GnRH secretion, whereas neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin regulate kisspeptin secretion in KNDy neurons. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the neuroendocrine disorder in lean PCOS patients and its potential pathophysiology-based therapy. A cross-sectional study was performed at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Kencana Hospital and the IMERI UI HRIFP cluster with 110 lean PCOS patients as subjects. LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, kisspeptin, NKB, dynorphin, leptin, adiponectin, AMH, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, testosterone, and SHBG were measured. Bivariate and path analyses were performed to determine the relationship between variables. There was a negative association between dynorphin and kisspeptin, while NKB levels were not associated with kisspeptin. There was no direct association between kisspeptin and the LH/FSH ratio; interestingly, dynorphin was positively associated with the LH/FSH ratio in both bivariate and pathway analyses. AMH was positively correlated with the LH/FSH ratio in both analyses. Path analysis showed an association between dynorphin and kisspeptin levels in lean PCOS, while NKB was not correlated with kisspeptin. Furthermore, there was a correlation between AMH and the LH/FSH ratio, but kisspeptin levels did not show a direct significant relationship with the LH/FSH ratio. HOMA-IR was negatively associated with adiponectin levels and positively associated with leptin and FAI levels. In conclusion, AMH positively correlates with FAI levels and is directly associated with the LH/FSH ratio, showing its important role in neuroendocrinology in lean PCOS. From the path analysis, AMH was also an intermediary variable between HOMA-IR and FAI with the LH/FSH ratio. Interestingly, this study found a direct positive correlation between dynorphin and the LH/FSH ratio, while no association between kisspeptin and the LH/FSH ratio was found. Further research is needed to investigate AMH and dynorphin as potential therapeutic targets in the management of lean PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Pratama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Infertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Yasmin IVF Clinic, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Infertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Yasmin IVF Clinic, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Asmarinah
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah S Widyahening
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Trinovita Andraini
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hartanto Bayuaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andon Hestiantoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Infertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Yasmin IVF Clinic, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Dason ES, Koshkina O, Chan C, Sobel M. Diagnostic et prise en charge du syndrome des ovaires polykystiques. CMAJ 2024; 196:E449-E459. [PMID: 38589030 PMCID: PMC11001390 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231251-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebernella Shirin Dason
- Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Dason), Système de santé Sinaï; Division d'endocrinologie (Koshkina), Département de médecine, Hôpital Women's College et Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Chan, Sobel), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Olexandra Koshkina
- Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Dason), Système de santé Sinaï; Division d'endocrinologie (Koshkina), Département de médecine, Hôpital Women's College et Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Chan, Sobel), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Crystal Chan
- Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Dason), Système de santé Sinaï; Division d'endocrinologie (Koshkina), Département de médecine, Hôpital Women's College et Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Chan, Sobel), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mara Sobel
- Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Dason), Système de santé Sinaï; Division d'endocrinologie (Koshkina), Département de médecine, Hôpital Women's College et Département d'obstétrique et de gynécologie (Chan, Sobel), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Lalonde-Bester S, Malik M, Masoumi R, Ng K, Sidhu S, Ghosh M, Vine D. Prevalence and Etiology of Eating Disorders in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100193. [PMID: 38408541 PMCID: PMC10973592 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting females across the lifespan. Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric conditions that may impact the development of PCOS and comorbidities including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this scoping review was to determine the prevalence of EDs and disordered eating, and to review the etiology of EDs in PCOS. The review was conducted using search terms addressing PCOS, EDs, and disordered eating in databases, including PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. Structured interviews, self-administered questionnaires, chart review, or self-reported diagnosis were used to identify EDs in 38 studies included in the review. The prevalence of any ED in those with PCOS ranged from 0% to 62%. Those with PCOS were 3-6-fold more likely to have an ED and higher odds ratios (ORs) of an elevated ED score compared with controls. In those with PCOS, 30% had a higher OR of bulimia nervosa and binge ED was 3-fold higher compared with controls. Studies were limited on anorexia nervosa and other specified feeding or ED (such as night eating syndrome) and these were not reported to be higher in PCOS. To our knowledge, no studies reported on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, rumination disorder, or pica in PCOS. Studies showed strong associations between overweight, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in PCOS. The etiologic development of EDs in PCOS remains unclear; however, psychological, metabolic, hypothalamic, and genetic factors are implicated. The prevalence of any ED in PCOS varied because of the use of different diagnostic and screening tools. Screening of all individuals with PCOS for EDs is recommended and high-quality studies on the prevalence, pathogenesis of specific EDs, relationship to comorbidities, and effective interventions to treat ED in those with PCOS are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lalonde-Bester
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mishal Malik
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reihaneh Masoumi
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katie Ng
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Sidhu
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahua Ghosh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Zhao Z, Gao Y, Pei X, Wang W, Wang R, Zhang H. Thyroid function and polycystic ovary syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1364157. [PMID: 38586452 PMCID: PMC10995335 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1364157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple evidence suggests that thyroid function is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but whether thyroid function is causally related to PCOS is unclear. To investigate whether the association reflect causality, a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in this study were acquired from The ThyroidOmics Consortium and the IEU Open Genome-wide association study (GWAS) database, respectively. In forward MR analysis, we included normal free thyroxine (FT4, n=49,269), normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, n=54,288), hypothyroidism (n=53,423) and hyperthyroidism (n=51,823) as exposure. The outcome was defined as PCOS in a sample size of 16,380,318 individuals. The exposure in the reverse MR analyses was chosen as PCOS, while the outcome consisted of the four phenotypes of thyroid function. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the major analysis, supplemented by sensitivity analyses. Results The occurrence of PCOS was associated with increased risk of hyperthyroidism (IVW, OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.02-1.13, P=0.004). No evidence suggested that other phenotypes of thyroid function were related to PCOS. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a cause-and-effect connection between PCOS and hyperthyroidism. The study established foundation for further investigation for interaction between thyroid function and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Bagheri M, Khansarinejad B, Mondanizadeh M, Azimi M, Alavi S. MiRNAs related in signaling pathways of women's reproductive diseases: an overview. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:414. [PMID: 38472662 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main health issues that can affect women's health is reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), uterine leiomyomas (ULs), and ovarian cancer (OC). Although these diseases are very common, we do not have a complete understanding of their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. It is important to mention that the majority of patients are diagnosed with these diseases at later stages because of the absence of early diagnostic techniques and dependable molecular indicators. Hence, it is crucial to discover novel and non-invasive biomarkers that have prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. MiRNAs, also known as microRNAs, are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are short in length, typically consisting of around 22 nucleotides, and are highly conserved across species. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are expressed differently in various diseases and can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. METHODS The author conducted a comprehensive review of all the pertinent papers available in web of science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. RESULTS We achieved three goals: providing readers with better information, enhancing search results, and making peer review easier. CONCLUSIONS This review focuses on the investigation of miRNAs and their involvement in various reproductive disorders in women, including their molecular targets. Additionally, it explores the role of miRNAs in the development and progression of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Behzad Khansarinejad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mondanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Mohadeseh Azimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shima Alavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghods Hospital, Arak, Iran
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Govahi Kakhki F, Sargazi S, Montazerifar F, Majidpour M, Karajibani A, Karajibani M, Ghasemi M. IGF2BP2 and IGFBP3 Genotypes, Haplotypes, and Genetic Models Studies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25021. [PMID: 38468402 PMCID: PMC10959184 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance has been correlated with the genetic diversity within the insulin-like binding proteins genes. Moreover, insulin resistance is one of the key characteristics of the widespread reproductive endocrine condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hence, this study is aimed to determine the association between IGFBP3 and IGF2BP2 gene variants and PCOS risk. METHODS A total of 300 subjects (150 PCOS cases diagnosed based on Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM consensus criteria and 150 healthy subjects) were recruited in this case-control cross-sectional study. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was used for genotyping rs11705701, whereas genotyping of rs1470579 and rs2854744 was done employing PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. RESULTS The CC and AA+AC genotypes of rs1470579 conferred an increased risk of PCOS in our population. Regarding the rs2854744, an increased risk of PCOS was observed under the codominant homozygous (TT vs. GG) model by 2.54 fold. The C allele of rs1470579 and T allele of rs2854744 enhanced PCOS risk by 1.97 and 1.46 folds, respectively. Haplotype analysis showed that the Ars1470579Ars11705701 haplotype conferred a decreased risk of PCOS (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = 0.34-0.83, p = 0.006). The AC/GG/GT, AA/GA/GT, AC/GA/GG, and AC/GA/GT genotype combinations of rs1470579/rs11705701/rs2854744 were associated with a decreased risk of the disease. CONCLUSIONS IGF2BP2 rs1470579 and IGFBP3 rs2854744 enhanced PCOS susceptibility in a Southeastern Iranian population. Further investigation involving larger cohorts representing diverse ethnic backgrounds is needed to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Govahi Kakhki
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious DiseasesZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Pregnancy Health Research CenterZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Atena Karajibani
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Sistan and BaluchestanZahedanIran
| | - Mansour Karajibani
- Department of Nutrition, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Health Promotion Research CenterZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Marzieh Ghasemi
- Pregnancy Health Research CenterZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
- Moloud Infertility Center, Ali Ibn Abitaleb HospitalZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
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Shahmoradi S, Chiti H, Tavakolizadeh M, Hatami R, Motamed N, Ghaemi M. The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:941-946. [PMID: 37393389 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the definitive known effect of magnesium on insulin resistance and the fact that insulin resistance is a main etiology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is assumed the use of magnesium supplements can improve insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and glucose and thus may also play a role in improving the clinical condition of patients with PCOS. We aimed to assess the effects of magnesium supplements on anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters in women suffering from PCOS. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on women aged 15-35 years with PCOS. The patients were randomly assigned to receive a magnesium oxide supplement (250 mg/day for 2 months) or a placebo. The study parameters were evaluated and compared between two groups before as well as 2 months and 5 months after the initial assessment. In total, 40 cases (20 in each group) were recruited in the study. A significant reduction in the serum insulin level (P-value = 0.036) and insulin resistance (p-value = 0.032) was observed in the case group. Prescribing magnesium supplements could also lead to lowering total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood sugar along with increasing the level of high-density lipoprotein. We could not find any significant difference in anthropometric parameters as well as the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after intervention between the two groups. Although the rate of oligomenorrhea significantly decreased in the two study groups, it was no different across the two groups before and also after the intervention. The use of magnesium supplements in patients with PCO, regardless of the etiology or progression of the disease, can greatly improve the metabolic status of these patients by improving insulin resistance and modulating the level of lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shahmoradi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Tavakolizadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Robabeh Hatami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghaemi
- Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Włodarczyk M, Ciebiera M, Nowicka G, Łoziński T, Ali M, Al-Hendy A. Epigallocatechin Gallate for the Treatment of Benign and Malignant Gynecological Diseases-Focus on Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38398883 PMCID: PMC10893337 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant gynecologic diseases are cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Among them, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. A great number of women suffer from endometriosis, uterine fibroids (UFs), adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which are widespread benign health problems causing troublesome and painful symptoms and significantly impairing the quality of life of affected women, and they are some of the main causes of infertility. In addition to the available surgical and pharmacological options, the effects of supporting standard treatment with naturally occurring compounds, mainly polyphenols, are being studied. Catechins are responsible for the majority of potential health benefits attributed to green tea consumption. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is considered a non-toxic, natural compound with potential anticancer properties. Antioxidant action is its most common function, but attention is also drawn to its participation in cell division inhibition, apoptosis stimulation and epigenetic regulation. In this narrative review, we describe the role of EGCG consumption in preventing the development of benign reproductive disorders such as UF, endometriosis, and PCOS, as well as malignant gynecologic conditions. We discuss possible epigenetic mechanisms that may be related to the action of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland;
- Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
- Development and Research Center of Non-Invasive Therapies, Pro-Familia Hospital, 35-302 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Łoziński
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pro-Familia Hospital, 35-302 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (M.A.); (A.A.-H.)
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Cheeran EA, Salamah J, Lee BK. Mechanistic actions of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 within the ovary and at the feto-maternal interface. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:301. [PMID: 38353828 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are being unveiled as crucial regulators of several biological processes and pathways. Among the lncRNAs is metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), which is also known as nuclear enriched abundant transcript 2 (NEAT2). MALAT1 is highly conserved in mammals, and controls cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in both physiological and pathological conditions. Roles of MALAT1 in the female reproductive system are gradually getting explored. Within the ovarian micro-environment, the physiological expression of MALAT1 potentially modulates folliculogenesis while its upregulation promotes the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancers. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome have been shown to exhibit aberrant ovarian expression of MALAT1 and this is believed to contribute to the development of the disease. At the feto-maternal interface, MALAT1 potentially promotes trophoblast development. While its placental downregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, its placental upregulation is associated with placenta increta and placenta percreta. Hence, abnormal expression of MALAT1 is a candidate molecular biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of these obstetric and gynecologic anomalies. To enhance a quick uncovering and detailed characterization of the mechanistic actions of MALAT1 in the female reproductive system, we have highlighted some knowledge deficits and have recommended ideal experimental models to be employed in prospective investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
| | - Elisha Ann Cheeran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Joudi Salamah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany - State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
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Costa DG, Ferreira-Marques M, Cavadas C. Lipodystrophy as a target to delay premature aging. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:97-106. [PMID: 37968143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases characterized by low levels and an abnormal distribution of adipose tissue, caused by diverse genetic or acquired causes. These conditions commonly exhibit metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, genetic lipodystrophic laminopathies exhibit a premature aging phenotype, emphasizing the importance of restoring adipose tissue distribution and function. In this opinion, we discuss the relevance of adipose tissue reestablishment as a potential approach to alleviate premature aging and age-related complications in genetic lipodystrophy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela G Costa
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ferreira-Marques
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Sharma P, Kumar Singh A, Senapati S, Singh Kapoor H, Devi Goyal L, Kaur B, Kamra P, Khetarpal P. Genetic Variants of Steroidogenesis and Gonadotropin Pathways and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:15-26. [PMID: 37878274 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants are predisposing factors to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a multifactorial condition that often gets triggered due to various environmental factors. The study investigates the association of the variants of genes that are involved in the steroidogenesis pathway or gonadotropin pathway with the risk of PCOS. Appropriate keywords for predetermined genes were used to search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Central Cochrane Library up to January 11, 2023. PROSPERO (CRD42022275425). Inclusion criteria: (a) case-control study; (b) genotype or allelic data. Exclusion criteria were: (a) duplicate studies; (b) clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analysis or conference abstract, case reports; (c) other than the English language; (d) having insufficient data; e) genetic variants for which meta-analysis has been reported recently and does not have a scope of the update. Various genetic models were applied as per data availability. Overall 12 variants of 7 genes were selected for the analysis. Relevant data were extracted from 47 studies which include 10,584 PCOS subjects and 16,150 healthy controls. Meta-analysis indicates a significant association between TOX3 rs4784165 [ORs = 1.08, 95% CI (1.00-1.16)], HMGA2 rs2272046 [ORs = 2.73, 95% CI (1.97-3.78)], YAP1 rs1894116 [OR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.13-1.33)] and increased risk of PCOS. Whereas FSHR rs2268361 [ORs = 0.84, 95% CI (0.78-0.89)] is associated with decreased PCOS risk. When sensitivity analysis was carried out, the association became significant for CYP19 rs700519 and FSHR rs6165 under an additive model. In addition, C9Orf3 rs3802457 became significantly associated with decreased PCOS risk with the removal of one study. Insignificant association was observed for CYP19A (rs2470152), FSHR (rs2349415, rs6166), C9Orf3 (rs4385527), GnRH1 (rs6185) and risk of PCOS. Our findings suggest association of CYP19A (rs700519), TOX3 (rs4784165), HMGA2 (rs2272046), FSHR (rs6165, rs2268361), C9orf3 (rs3802457), and YAP1 (rs1894116) with risk for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sharma
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Lajya Devi Goyal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - Balpreet Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Bathinda, India
| | - Pooja Kamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamra Hospital, Malout, India
| | - Preeti Khetarpal
- Laboratory for Reproductive and Developmental Disorders, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Liu YC, Wang JW, Li J, Guo Y, Han FJ, Lu WH, Wu Q. Mechanism of cryptotanshinone to improve endocrine and metabolic functions in the endometrium of PCOS rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117346. [PMID: 37879506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cryptotanshinone is the main bioactive component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with various mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and hepatoprotection. Salvia miltiorrhiza is used clinically by gynecologists in China. AIM OF THE STUDY Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a significant impact on women's quality of life, leading to infertility and reproductive disorders. Hence, this study aims to assess the pharmacological activity of cryptotanshinone in the treatment of PCOS and investigate its therapeutic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) combined with insulin is used to simulate a PCOS-like rat model and attempt to discover the abnormal changes that occur and the means by which the pathway acts in this model. RESULTS The transcriptome sequencing method is used to identify 292 differential genes that undergo significant changes, of which 219 were upregulated and 73 were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the signaling pathways reveals that differential expressed genes are significantly enriched in 23 typical pathways. Estrogen signaling pathways are screened in the cryptotanshinone and model groups, and significant differential changes in Fos, ALOX12, and AQP8 are found. This suggests that these signaling pathways and molecules may be the main signaling targets for regulating the differences in endometrial tissue. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cryptotanshinone has targets for regulating the proliferation of endometrial tissue via estrogen signaling pathways in PCOS-like rats, providing an experimental basis for the clinical application of cryptotanshinone in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jun-Wen Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Feng-Juan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Muccee F, Ashraf NM, Razak S, Afsar T, Hussain N, Husain FM, Shafique H. Exploring the association of ESR1 and ESR2 gene SNPs with polycystic ovary syndrome in human females: a comprehensive association study. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:27. [PMID: 38281964 PMCID: PMC10823698 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects a significant proportion of human females worldwide and is characterized by hormonal, metabolic, and reproductive dysfunctions, including infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, acanthosis nigricans, and hirsutism. Mutations in the estrogen receptor genes ESR1 and ESR2, involved in normal follicular development and ovulation, can contribute to development of the PCOS. The present study focuses on investigating the potential correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ESR1 and ESR2 genes and the incidence of this syndrome. METHODS For this study, SNPs in ESR1 and ESR2 genes were retrieved from the ENSEMBL database and analyzed for their effect on mutated proteins using different bioinformatics tools including SIFT, PolyPhen, CADD, REVEL, MetaLR, I-Mutant, CELLO2GO, ProtParam, SOPMA, SWISS-MODEL and HDDOCK. RESULTS All the SNPs documented in the present study were deleterious. All the SNPs except rs1583384537, rs1450198518, and rs78255744 decreased protein stability. Two variants rs1463893698 and rs766843910 in the ESR2 gene altered the localization of mutated proteins i.e. in addition to the nucleus, proteins were also found in mitochondria and extracellular, respectively. SNPs rs104893956 in ESR1 and rs140630557, rs140630557, rs1596423459, rs766843910, rs1596405923, rs762454979 and rs1384121511 in ESR2 gene significantly changed the secondary structure of proteins (2D). SNPs that markedly changed 3D configuration included rs1554259481, rs188957694 and rs755667747 in ESR1 gene and rs1463893698, rs140630557, rs1596423459, rs766843910, rs1596405923, rs762454979 and rs1384121511 in ESR2 gene. Variants rs1467954450 (ESR1) and rs140630557 (ESR2) were identified to reduce the binding tendency of ESRα and β receptors with estradiol as reflected by the docking scores i.e. -164.97 and -173.23, respectively. CONCLUSION Due to the significant impact on the encoded proteins, these variants might be proposed as biomarkers to predict the likelihood of developing PCOS in the future and for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore, 52254, Pakistan.
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore, 52254, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, P. O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Shafique
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Dason ES, Koshkina O, Chan C, Sobel M. Diagnosis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome. CMAJ 2024; 196:E85-E94. [PMID: 38286488 PMCID: PMC10833093 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebernella Shirin Dason
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Dason), Sinai Health System; Division of Endocrinology (Koshkina), Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Chan, Sobel), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Olexandra Koshkina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Dason), Sinai Health System; Division of Endocrinology (Koshkina), Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Chan, Sobel), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Crystal Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Dason), Sinai Health System; Division of Endocrinology (Koshkina), Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Chan, Sobel), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Mara Sobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Dason), Sinai Health System; Division of Endocrinology (Koshkina), Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Chan, Sobel), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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Shi J, Hu KL, Li XX, Ge YM, Yu XJ, Zhao J. Bisphenol a downregulates GLUT4 expression by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor to exacerbate polycystic ovary syndrome. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:28. [PMID: 38200540 PMCID: PMC10782693 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) levels are high in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The mechanism by which BPA induces abnormal glucose metabolism in PCOS patients is largely unknown. METHODS Serum and urine samples were collected from women with and without PCOS (control) at the reproductive medicine center with informed consent. Non-PCOS patients who received in vitro fertilization were recruited for collection of ovarian follicular fluid and granular cells. Wild-type C57BL/6 and AhR -/- mice were used to verify the effects of BPA on PCOS. Real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were conducted to analyze the function of BPA. Chip-qPCR verified the role of AhR in GLUT4 transcription. Flow cytometry was performed to determine glucose uptake. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between BPA concentration and serum BPA levels in PCOS patients. BPA aggravated the changes in PCOS with abnormal glucose metabolism, impaired fertility, and increased body fat. Mechanistically, we showed that BPA activated AhR and led to decreased glucose transport via GLUT4 downregulation in ovarian granular cells. Therefore, the use of inhibitors or knockout of AhR could effectively rescue BPA-induced metabolic disorders in PCOS mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that BPA suppressed GLUT4 expression and induced abnormal glucose metabolism by activating AhR, causing insulin resistance, and is thus a potential contributor to the development of PCOS. Therefore, AhR could be a potential new therapeutic target for PCOS. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Lun Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi-Meng Ge
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Chamanara S, Hozouri V, Irandoost E. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-A potential mechanistic therapeutic for treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome? J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23592. [PMID: 38054794 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article explores the relationship between the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The NLRP3 inflammasome, a fundamental element of the innate immune system, plays a crucial role in the production of proinflammatory mediators and pyroptosis, a type inflammatory cell death. We conducted a thorough search on scientific databases to gather relevant information on this topic, utilizing relevant keywords. The reviewed studies indicated a correlation between PCOS and a higher incidence of granulosa cell (GC) death and the presence of ovarian tissue fibrosis. NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation and subsequent pyroptosis in GCs play a significant role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Active NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the production of inflammatory mediators like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, contributing to the development of PCOS, particularly in overweight patients. Therefore, inhibiting NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis could potentially offer novel therapeutic strategies for PCOS. Some limited studies have explored the use of agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as gene therapy approaches, to target the NLRP3 and pyroptosis signaling pathways. This study overview the understanding of the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and PCOS. It highlights the potential of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome as an approach for treating PCOS. Nonetheless, further research and clinical trials are imperative to validate these results and explore the effectiveness of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Chamanara
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Vahid Hozouri
- Internal Medicine Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Irandoost
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Cheeran EA, Salamah J, Lee BK. Long noncoding RNA H19 in ovarian biology and placenta development. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3907. [PMID: 38269505 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
As the first long noncoding RNA to be discovered, H19 has gained substantial attention as a key regulator of several biological processes and its roles in female reproductive biology are gradually getting revealed. Herein, we have summarized the current evidence regarding H19 expression pattern and involvement in the developmental and pathological processes associated with the ovary and the placenta. The findings indicate that within the ovaries, H19 is expressed in the antral and cystic atretic follicles as well as in the corpora lutea but absent in the primordial, primary, and secondary follicles. Its normal expression promotes the maturation of antral follicles and prevents their premature selection for the ovulatory journey while its aberrant induction promotes polycystic ovary syndrome development and ovarian cancer metastasis. In the placenta, H19 is highly expressed in the cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts but weakly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer and potentially controls trophoblast cell fate decisions during placenta development. Abnormal expression of H19 is observed in the placental villi of pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Therefore, dysregulated H19 is a candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for the mitigation of ovarian and placenta-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Elisha Ann Cheeran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Joudi Salamah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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Nisa KU, Tarfeen N, Mir SA, Waza AA, Ahmad MB, Ganai BA. Molecular Mechanisms in the Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Multifaceted Hypothesis Towards the Disease with Potential Therapeutics. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:18-36. [PMID: 38223007 PMCID: PMC10784448 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the premenopausal women, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy affecting the reproductive system and metabolic rhythms leading to disrupted menstrual cycle. Being heterogeneous in nature it is characterized by complex symptomology of oligomennorhoea, excess of androgens triggering masculine phenotypic appearance and/or multiple follicular ovaries. The etiology of this complex disorder remains somewhat doubtful and the researchers hypothesize multisystem links in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we attempt to present several hypotheses that tend to contribute to the etiology of PCOS. Metabolic inflexibility, aberrant pattern of gonadotropin signaling along with the evolutionary, genetic and environmental factors have been discussed. Considered a lifelong endocrinological implication, no universal treatment is available for PCOS so far however; multiple drug therapy is often advised along with simple life style intervention is mainly advised to manage its cardinal symptoms. Here we aimed to present a summarized view of pathophysiological links of PCOS with potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khair Ul Nisa
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Najeebul Tarfeen
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Shahnaz Ahmad Mir
- Department of Endocrinology, Government Medical College, Shireen Bagh, Srinagar, 190010 India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Waza
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Government Medical Collage (GMC), Srinagar, 190010 India
| | - Mir Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
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Johnson CE, Duncan MJ, Murphy MP. Sex and Sleep Disruption as Contributing Factors in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:31-74. [PMID: 38007653 PMCID: PMC10842753 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more women than men, with women throughout the menopausal transition potentially being the most under researched and at-risk group. Sleep disruptions, which are an established risk factor for AD, increase in prevalence with normal aging and are exacerbated in women during menopause. Sex differences showing more disrupted sleep patterns and increased AD pathology in women and female animal models have been established in literature, with much emphasis placed on loss of circulating gonadal hormones with age. Interestingly, increases in gonadotropins such as follicle stimulating hormone are emerging to be a major contributor to AD pathogenesis and may also play a role in sleep disruption, perhaps in combination with other lesser studied hormones. Several sleep influencing regions of the brain appear to be affected early in AD progression and some may exhibit sexual dimorphisms that may contribute to increased sleep disruptions in women with age. Additionally, some of the most common sleep disorders, as well as multiple health conditions that impair sleep quality, are more prevalent and more severe in women. These conditions are often comorbid with AD and have bi-directional relationships that contribute synergistically to cognitive decline and neuropathology. The association during aging of increased sleep disruption and sleep disorders, dramatic hormonal changes during and after menopause, and increased AD pathology may be interacting and contributing factors that lead to the increased number of women living with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E. Johnson
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marilyn J. Duncan
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M. Paul Murphy
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
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Singh S, Kaur M, Beri A, Kaur A. Significance of LHCGR polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome: an association study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22841. [PMID: 38129424 PMCID: PMC10739822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the association of Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor (LHCGR) gene rs4953616 and rs7371084 polymorphisms with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Punjab, India. A total of 823 women (443 PCOS cases and 380 healthy controls) were enrolled in the present study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP) was used for genotyping. Anthropometric parameters, lipid and hormonal profiles, were compared between the two groups. Demographic features were compared using Mann Whitney U test while the Chi-square test and odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the genetic association and risk towards PCOS, respectively. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was employed to analyze the correlation of genotypes with baseline parameters in PCOS cases. A statistically significant difference was revealed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs4953616 polymorphism between PCOS cases and controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mutant genotype (TT), mutant allele (T), and recessive model of rs4953616 polymorphism conferred 1.77, 1.3, and 1.5 times risk towards PCOS, respectively. No significant distribution for genotypes and alleles was found for rs7371084 in both groups (p = 0.25 and p = 0.26, respectively). In addition to dyslipidemia, PCOS women also had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), testosterone (T), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Upon haplotype analysis, the TT haplotype was found to be significantly associated with the increased risk of PCOS. Our results demonstrated a significant role of LHCGR rs4953616 polymorphism in the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhjashanpreet Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Archana Beri
- Beri Maternity Hospital, Southend Beri Fertility and IVF, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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