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Wubshet AK, Werid GM, Teklue T, Zhou L, Bayasgalan C, Tserendorj A, Liu J, Heath L, Sun Y, Ding Y, Wang W, Zaberezhny AD, Liu Y, Zhang J. Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360256. [PMID: 38903686 PMCID: PMC11187330 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several factors, such as diverse serotypes, vaccination methods, weak biosecurity, and animal movements, contribute to recurrent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) outbreaks in Africa, establishing endemicity. These outbreaks cost over $2 billion annually, prompting a high-priority focus on FMDV vaccination. Despite extensive efforts, vaccine efficacy varies. This study aims to evaluate routine foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in Africa via systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of FMDV vaccination using the meta for package of R. Results Vaccinated animals have roughly a 69.3% lower chance of FMDV infection compared to unvaccinated animals, as indicated by the pooled results from the random-effects model, which showed a risk ratio (RR) of 0.3073. There was a statistically significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05) across all of the included articles. Conclusion Overall findings suggest that if properly planned and implemented, FMDV vaccination programs and strategies in Africa could help control the spread of the disease throughout the continent and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Basics and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Mamu Werid
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | | | - Luoyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | | | - Ariunaa Tserendorj
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China
| | - Alexei D. Zaberezhny
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry” (FSBSI VNITIBP), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National/OIE Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Kabelo TI, Fana EM, Hyera JM, Lebani K. A review of foot-and-mouth disease status and control measures in Botswana. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:278. [PMID: 37500989 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an economically important disease of livestock, is endemic in Botswana. The country has been affected by this disease since the early 1930s, and FMD virus (FMDV) continues to circulate in both domestic and wild animal populations. Botswana is affected by the Southern African Territories (SAT1-3) of FMDV. Up to 80% of the income in the agricultural sector in Botswana is derived from the beef production, and about 70% of Botswana's beef exports go to the European Union (EU) market. Thus, trade restrictions caused by FMD outbreaks may result in declines in revenue. In this review, the FMD status of Botswana from 2006 to 2022 is discussed. During the report period, SAT2 was responsible for 80 out of a total of 87 FMD outbreaks, while SAT1 was responsible for 7 out of 87 outbreaks. These outbreaks were a result of SAT1 topotype I and SAT2 topotypes I, II, and III. There were no outbreaks associated with serotype SAT3 over the review span, suggesting absence of this serotype in the country, although it is still maintained in vaccines formulated for use in Botswana. Most of the outbreaks reported in this review occurred in the North West district of Botswana; an area that is heavily populated with cloven hooved wildlife. This highlights the role of wildlife-domestic animal interaction in FMD spread and maintenance. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has created a progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) for the global elimination of FMD to reduce FMD-related losses. This review highlights how Botswana takes part in the PCP-FMD by putting in place control measures such as surveillance and vaccination. The review also touches on the disease control challenges such as limitations to separation of livestock with populations of buffaloes and lapses in livestock vaccination which contribute to maintenance of FMDV circulation in Botswana.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Kabelo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - E M Fana
- WOAH Foot-and-Mouth Disease Regional Reference Laboratory for Sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - J M Hyera
- WOAH Foot-and-Mouth Disease Regional Reference Laboratory for Sub-Saharan Africa, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - K Lebani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
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Hasahya E, Thakur K, Dione MM, Kerfua SD, Mugezi I, Lee HS. Analysis of patterns of livestock movements in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda for risk-based surveillance of infectious diseases. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1095293. [PMID: 36756309 PMCID: PMC9899994 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1095293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The knowledge of animal movements is key to formulating strategic animal disease control policies and carrying out targeted surveillance. This study describes the characteristics of district-level cattle, small ruminant, and pig trade networks in the Cattle Corridor of Uganda between 2019 and 2021. Methodology The data for the study was extracted from 7,043 animal movement permits (AMPs) obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) of Uganda. Most of the data was on cattle (87.2%), followed by small ruminants (11.2%) and pigs (1.6%). Two types of networks representing animal shipments between districts were created for each species based on monthly (n = 30) and seasonal (n = 10) temporal windows. Measures of centrality and cohesiveness were computed for all the temporal windows and our analysis identified the most central districts in the networks. Results The median in-degree for monthly networks ranged from 0-3 for cattle, 0-1 for small ruminants and 0-1 for pigs. The highest median out-degrees for cattle, small ruminant and pig monthly networks were observed in Lira, Oyam and Butambala districts, respectively. Unlike the pig networks, the cattle and small ruminant networks were found to be of small-world and free-scale topologies. Discussion The cattle and small ruminant trade movement networks were also found to be highly connected, which could facilitate quick spread of infectious animal diseases across these networks. The findings from this study highlighted the significance of characterizing animal movement networks to inform surveillance, early detection, and subsequent control of infectious animal disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Hasahya
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Krishna Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada,*Correspondence: Krishna Thakur ✉
| | - Michel M. Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Susan D. Kerfua
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Israel Mugezi
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Hanoi, Vietnam,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Hu Suk Lee ✉ ; ✉
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Ayele G, Getachew B, Bari FD, Bayissa B, Muluneh A, Abayneh T, Gelaye E, Edao BM. Combined Adjuvant Formulations Enhanced an Immune Response of Trivalent Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine in Cattle. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2023; 14:47-62. [PMID: 37090231 PMCID: PMC10115203 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s397590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Foot-and-mouth disease is globally one of the most economically important viral diseases of cloven-hoofed animals that can be controlled by different strategies, where vaccination plays an important role. Selection of adjuvant added to vaccine preparation is crucial in ensuring the protective effect of the vaccine. Aluminum hydroxide gel mixed with saponin (AS) is widely used adjuvant, with its suboptimal immune response in FMD vaccine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate different ingredients of adjuvants for inactivated trivalent (A, O and SAT 2) FMD vaccine and to demonstrate the effect of booster dose in cattle. Methods Cattle were grouped into five; four experimental and one control, with six animals in each group and immunized with trivalent vaccine with various formulations of adjuvants. Immune response was measured using Solid Phase Competitive Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (SPCE). Results The antibody level in cattle immunised with a vaccine formulation containing a mixture of aluminum hydroxide gel and saponin (AS) were significantly lower than AS boosted group for the three serotypes (p<0.05, t-test), which directs the need for booster dose. Whereas the antibody response in the AS + oil group was higher followed by oil alone. The AS preparation with a booster dose has shown better immune response compared to the group without. Conclusion The findings of this study could suggest that oil based and AS with oil could replace the conventional aluminum hydroxide gel and saponin adjuvants in FMD vaccine preparations. Challenge test was not successful indicating the need for further research on the virus infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Ayele
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Getachew
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Fufa Dawo Bari
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Vet Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Berecha Bayissa
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Ayelech Muluneh
- Department of Microbiology, Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Abayneh
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Bedaso Mammo Edao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Vet Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Bedaso Mammo Edao, Email
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Outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Burundi, East Africa, in 2016, Caused by Different Serotypes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051077. [PMID: 35632817 PMCID: PMC9143720 DOI: 10.3390/v14051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burundi is a small, densely populated country in the African Great Lakes region. In March 2016, several hundreds of cattle were reported with vesicular lesions, suggesting foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Epithelial samples, saliva, and blood were collected in six of the affected provinces spread over the country. The overall seroprevalence of FMD virus (FMDV) in the affected herds, as determined by antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins, was estimated at 87%. Antibodies against FMDV serotypes O (52%), A (44%), C (19%), SAT1 (36%), SAT2 (58%), and SAT3 (23%) were detected across the provinces. FMDV genome was detected in samples from five of the six provinces using rRT-PCR. FMDV was isolated from samples from three provinces: in Cibitoke province, serotypes A and SAT2 were isolated, while in Mwaro and Rutana provinces, only serotype SAT2 was isolated. In Bururi and Cankuzo provinces, the serological profile suggested a recent incursion with serotype SAT2, while in Bubanza province, the serological profile suggested past incursions with serotype O and possibly serotype SAT1. The phylogenetic assessments showed the presence of topotypes A/Africa/G-I and SAT2/IV, similarly to previously characterized virus strains from other countries in the region, suggesting a transboundary origin and necessitating a regional approach for vaccination and control of FMD.
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Peta FRM, Sirdar MM, van Bavel P, Mutowembwa PB, Visser N, Olowoyo J, Seheri M, Heath L. Evaluation of Potency and Duration of Immunity Elicited by a Multivalent FMD Vaccine for Use in South Africa. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:750223. [PMID: 34977205 PMCID: PMC8714748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.750223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
South Africa (SA) experiences sporadic foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks irrespective of routine prophylactic vaccinations of cattle using imported commercial vaccines. The problem could be mitigated by preparation of vaccines from local virus strains related to those circulating in the endemically infected buffalo populations in the Kruger National Park (KNP). This study demonstrates the individual number of protective doses (PD) of five vaccine candidate strains after homologous virus challenge, as well as the vaccines safety and onset of humoral immunity in naïve cattle. Furthermore, the duration of post-vaccination immunity over a 12-month period is shown, when a multivalent vaccine prepared from the five strains is administered as a primary dose with or without booster vaccinations. The five monovalent vaccines were shown to contain a 50% PD between 4 and 32, elicit humoral immunity with antibody titers ≥2.0 log10 from day 7 post-vaccination, and cause no adverse reactions. Meanwhile, the multivalent vaccine elicited antibody titers ≥2.0 log10 and clinical protection up to 12 months when one or two booster vaccinations were administered within 6 months of the primary vaccination. An insignificant difference between the application of one or two booster vaccinations was revealed. Owing to the number of PDs, we anticipate that the multivalent vaccine could be used successfully for prophylactic and emergency vaccinations without adjustment of the antigen payloads. Furthermore, a prophylactic vaccination regimen comprising primary vaccination of naïve cattle followed by two booster vaccinations 1.5 and 6 months later could potentially maintain herd immunity over a period of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith R M Peta
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M M Sirdar
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Peter van Bavel
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Private Consultants, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - P B Mutowembwa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N Visser
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Private Consultants, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - J Olowoyo
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Seheri
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases: Vaccine Production Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Fana EM, Mpoloka SW, Leteane M, Seoke L, Masoba K, Mokopasetso M, Rapharing A, Kabelo T, Made P, Hyera J. A Five-Year Retrospective Study of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Southern Africa, 2014 to 2018. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:7438809. [PMID: 35003620 PMCID: PMC8741390 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7438809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDv), like other ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome viruses, has a tendency to mutate rapidly. As such, available vaccines may not confer enough cross-protection against incursion of new lineages and sublineages. This paper is a retrospective study to determine the topotypes/lineages that caused previous FMD outbreaks in 6 southern African countries and the efficacy of the current vaccines to protect cattle against them. A total of 453 bovine epithelial tissue samples from 33 FMD outbreaks that occurred in these countries from 2014 to 2018 were investigated for the presence of FMDv. The genetic diversity of the identified Southern African Type (SAT)-FMD viruses was determined by comparing sequences from outbreaks and historical prototype sequences. Of the 453 samples investigated, 176 were positive for four FMDv serotypes. Out of the 176 FMD positive cases there were 105 SAT2 samples, 32 SAT1 samples, 21 SAT3 samples, and 18 serotype O samples. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the SATs VP1 gene sequences into previously observed topotypes in southern Africa. SAT1 viruses were from topotypes I and III, SAT2 viruses belonged to topotypes I, II, III, and IV, and SAT3 viruses were of topotypes I and II. Vaccine matching studies on the field FMDv isolates produced r 1-values greater than or equal to 0.3 for the three SAT serotypes. This suggests that there is no significant antigenic difference between current SAT FMD vaccine strains and the circulating SAT serotypes. Therefore, the vaccines are still fit-purpose for the control FMD in the region. The study did not identify incursion of any new lineages/topotypes of FMD into the sampled southern African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Mpolokang Fana
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (OIE-SSARRLFMD), Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sununguko Wata Mpoloka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Melvin Leteane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - LaToya Seoke
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (OIE-SSARRLFMD), Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kelebogile Masoba
- National Veterinary Laboratory, OIE-SSARRLFMD, Botswana Vaccine, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mokganedi Mokopasetso
- Veterinary Department, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Aobakwe Rapharing
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (OIE-SSARRLFMD), Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tshephang Kabelo
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (OIE-SSARRLFMD), Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Patricia Made
- National Veterinary Laboratory, OIE-SSARRLFMD, Botswana Vaccine, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph Hyera
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (OIE-SSARRLFMD), Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
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Adamchick J, Rich KM, Perez AM. Assessment of the Risk of Foot and Mouth Disease among Beef Cattle at Slaughter from East African Production Systems. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122407. [PMID: 34960676 PMCID: PMC8706184 DOI: 10.3390/v13122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic foot and mouth disease (FMD) in East African cattle systems is one factor that limits access to export markets. The probability of FMD transmission associated with export from such systems have never been quantified and there is a need for data and analyses to guide strategies for livestock exports from regions where FMD remains endemic. The probability of infection among animals at slaughter is an important contributor to the risk of FMD transmission associated with the final beef product. In this study, we built a stochastic model to estimate the probability that beef cattle reach slaughter while infected with FMD virus for four production systems in two East African countries (Kenya and Uganda). Input values were derived from the primary literature and expert opinion. We found that the risk that FMD-infected animals reach slaughter under current conditions is high in both countries (median annual probability ranging from 0.05 among cattle from Kenyan feedlots to 0.62 from Ugandan semi-intensive systems). Cattle originating from feedlot and ranching systems in Kenya had the lowest overall probabilities of the eight systems evaluated. The final probabilities among cattle from all systems were sensitive to the likelihood of acquiring new infections en route to slaughter and especially the probability and extent of commingling with other cattle. These results give insight into factors that could be leveraged by potential interventions to lower the probability of FMD among beef cattle at slaughter. Such interventions should be evaluated considering the cost, logistics, and tradeoffs of each, ultimately guiding resource investment that is grounded in the values and capacity of each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adamchick
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karl M. Rich
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ferguson College of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Andres M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA;
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Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112195. [PMID: 34835001 PMCID: PMC8625695 DOI: 10.3390/v13112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD outbreaks in Zambia during 2015–2020, comprising epithelial tissues samples (n = 47) and sera (n = 120), were analysed. FMD virus was serotyped in 26 samples, while 92 sera samples tested positive on NSP-ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed notable changes in the epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, which included: (i) introduction of a novel FMDV SAT-3 (topotype II) causing FMD cases in cattle in Western Province; (ii) emergence of FMDV serotype O (topotype O/EA-2) in Central, Southern, Copperbelt, Western, Lusaka Provinces; and (iii) new outbreaks due to SAT -2 (topotypes I) in Eastern Zambia. Together, these data describe eight different epizootics that occurred in Zambia, four of which were outside the known FMD high-risk areas. This study highlights the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, where the country represents an interface between East Africa (Pool 4) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). These changing viral dynamics have direct impacts on FMD vaccine selection in the SADC region.
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Chitray M, Kotecha A, Nsamba P, Ren J, Maree S, Ramulongo T, Paul G, Theron J, Fry EE, Stuart DI, Maree FF. Symmetrical arrangement of positively charged residues around the 5-fold axes of SAT type foot-and-mouth disease virus enhances cell culture of field viruses. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008828. [PMID: 32991636 PMCID: PMC7577442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) utilize integrin-mediated cell entry but many, including Southern African Territories (SAT) viruses, are difficult to adapt to BHK-21 cells, thus hampering large-scale propagation of vaccine antigen. However, FMDVs acquire the ability to bind to cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycans, following serial cytolytic infections in cell culture, likely by the selection of rapidly replicating FMDV variants. In this study, fourteen SAT1 and SAT2 viruses, serially passaged in BHK-21 cells, were virulent in CHO-K1 cells and displayed enhanced affinity for heparan, as opposed to their low-passage counterparts. Comparative sequence analysis revealed the fixation of positively charged residues clustered close to the icosahedral 5-fold axes of the virus, at amino acid positions 83-85 in the βD-βE loop and 110-112 in the βF-βG loop of VP1 upon adaptation to cultured cells. Molecular docking simulations confirmed enhanced binding of heparan sulphate to a model of the adapted SAT1 virus, with the region around VP1 arginine 112 contributing the most to binding. Using this information, eight chimeric field strain mutant viruses were constructed with additional positive charges in repeated clusters on the virion surface. Five of these bound heparan sulphate with expanded cell tropism, which should facilitate large-scale propagation. However, only positively charged residues at position 110-112 of VP1 enhanced infectivity of BHK-21 cells. The symmetrical arrangement of even a single amino acid residue in the FMD virion is a powerful strategy enabling the virus to generate novel receptor binding and alternative host-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Chitray
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Abhay Kotecha
- Division of Structural Biology, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peninah Nsamba
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Maree
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Tovhowani Ramulongo
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Jacques Theron
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francois F. Maree
- Vaccine and Diagnostic Development Programme, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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Chambaro HM, Sasaki M, Simulundu E, Silwamba I, Sinkala Y, Gonzalez G, Squarre D, Fandamu P, Lubaba CH, Munyeme M, Maseko A, Chimvwele C, Mataa L, Mooya LE, Mukubesa AN, Harima H, Samui KL, Munang’andu HM, Simuunza M, Nalubamba KS, Qiu Y, Carr MJ, Hall WW, Eshita Y, Sawa H, Orba Y. Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090963. [PMID: 32878170 PMCID: PMC7552058 DOI: 10.3390/v12090963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman M. Chambaro
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (E.S.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-80-1375-4174 (H.M.C.); +26-09-7746-9479 (E.S.); +81-11-706-5185 (Y.O.)
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 10101, Zambia
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (E.S.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-80-1375-4174 (H.M.C.); +26-09-7746-9479 (E.S.); +81-11-706-5185 (Y.O.)
| | - Isaac Silwamba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Yona Sinkala
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland; (G.G.); (M.J.C.); (W.W.H.)
| | - David Squarre
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK;
- Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga 10101, Zambia
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Caesar H. Lubaba
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Alikhadio Maseko
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Choopa Chimvwele
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Liywalii Mataa
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Lynnfield E. Mooya
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
- Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.S.); (P.F.); (C.H.L.); (A.M.); (C.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrew N. Mukubesa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Hayato Harima
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Kenny L. Samui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Hetron M. Munang’andu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Martin Simuunza
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - King S. Nalubamba
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (I.S.); (M.M.); (A.N.M.); (K.L.S.); (M.S.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.Q.); (Y.E.)
| | - Michael J. Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland; (G.G.); (M.J.C.); (W.W.H.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, Dublin DO4V1W8, Ireland; (G.G.); (M.J.C.); (W.W.H.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (Y.Q.); (Y.E.)
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (H.H.); (H.S.)
- International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.M.C.); (E.S.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-80-1375-4174 (H.M.C.); +26-09-7746-9479 (E.S.); +81-11-706-5185 (Y.O.)
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12
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Chitray M, Opperman PA, Rotherham L, Fehrsen J, van Wyngaardt W, Frischmuth J, Rieder E, Maree FF. Diagnostic and Epitope Mapping Potential of Single-Chain Antibody Fragments Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotypes A, SAT1, and SAT3. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:475. [PMID: 32851044 PMCID: PMC7432252 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects cloven-hoofed domestic and wildlife animals and an outbreak can cause severe losses in milk production, reduction in meat production and death amongst young animals. Several parts of Asia, most of Africa, and the Middle East remain endemic, thus emphasis on improved FMD vaccines, diagnostic assays, and control measures are key research areas. FMD virus (FMDV) populations are quasispecies, which pose serious implications in vaccine design and efficacy where an effective vaccine should include multiple independent neutralizing epitopes to elicit an adequate immune response. Further investigation of the residues that comprise the antigenic determinants of the virus will allow the identification of mutations in outbreak strains that potentially lessen the efficacy of a vaccine. Additionally, of utmost importance in endemic regions, is the accurate diagnosis of FMDV infection for the control and eradication of the disease. To this end, a phage display library was explored to identify FMDV epitopes for recombinant vaccines and for the generation of reagents for improved diagnostic FMD enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A naïve semi-synthetic chicken single chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display library i.e., the Nkuku ® library was used for bio-panning against FMD Southern-African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT3, and serotype A viruses. Biopanning yielded one unique scFv against SAT1, two for SAT3, and nine for A22. SAT1 and SAT3 specific scFvs were exploited as capturing and detecting reagents to develop an improved diagnostic ELISA for FMDV. The SAT1 soluble scFv showed potential as a detecting reagent in the liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPBE) as it reacted specifically with a panel of SAT1 viruses, albeit with different ELISA absorbance signals. The SAT1svFv1 had little or no change on its paratope when coated on polystyrene plates whilst the SAT3scFv's paratope may have changed. SAT1 and SAT3 soluble scFvs did not neutralize the SAT1 and SAT3 viruses; however, three of the nine A22 binders i.e., A22scFv1, A22scFv2, and A22scFv8 were able to neutralize A22 virus. Following the generation of virus escape mutants through successive virus passage under scFv pressure, FMDV epitopes were postulated i.e., RGD+3 and +4 positions respectively, proving the epitope mapping potential of scFvs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Chitray
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Vaccines and Diagnostic Development, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pamela Anne Opperman
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Vaccines and Diagnostic Development, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lia Rotherham
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Vaccines and Diagnostic Development, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeanni Fehrsen
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Vaccines and Diagnostic Development, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Wouter van Wyngaardt
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Vaccines and Diagnostic Development, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janine Frischmuth
- Biotechnology Division, National Bioproducts Institute, Pinetown, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Plum Island Animal Disease Centre, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Francois Frederick Maree
- Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Vaccines and Diagnostic Development, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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13
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El-Rhman MMA, Abo El-Hassan DG, Awad WS, Salem SAH. Serological evaluation for the current epidemic situation of foot and mouth disease among cattle and buffaloes in Egypt. Vet World 2020; 13:1-9. [PMID: 32158144 PMCID: PMC7020118 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was aimed to investigate the epidemic situation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Egypt from 2016 to 2018 based on the detection of FMD virus (FMDV) in carrier or previously infected animals, by determination of antibodies against non-structural protein (NSP), implementation a pilot study on circulating FMDV serotypes and assure the efficacy of locally produced inactivated trivalent vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1500 sera were collected from apparent healthy vaccinated cattle and buffaloes from three Egyptian geographical sectors, representing ten governorates. Determination of FMD antibodies against NSP was carried out using 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Serotyping of the circulating FMDV and assure the vaccine efficacy was performed using solid-phase competitive ELISA. RESULTS The 3ABC ELISA test revealed 26.4% and 23.7% positive for FMDV-NSP antibodies in cattle and buffalo sera, respectively. The highest positivity was in Delta Sector among both cattle 42.3% and buffaloes 28.8%. Serotyping of FMDV-positive NSP sera in El-Qalyubia Governorate for the circulating FMDV serotypes O, A, and Southern African Territories (SAT) 2 was 52.2%, 17.4%, and 30.4% in cattle and 31.8%, 27.3%, and 40.9% in buffaloes, respectively. The overall protection level due to the vaccination program was 62.1 and 60.9% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively, while the protective level of the FMDV serotypes O, A, and SAT2 included in the inactivated trivalent vaccine was 73.9, 84.6, and 63.8% in cattle and 72.3, 82.3, and 63.5% in buffaloes, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study recommended full determination for the immunogenic relationship between the vaccine strains and the field strains to attain maximum protection against the circulating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M. Abd El-Rhman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, General Organization for Veterinary Services, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Diea G. Abo El-Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid S. Awad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sayed A. H. Salem
- Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Gelkop S, Sobarzo A, Brangel P, Vincke C, Romão E, Fedida-Metula S, Strom N, Ataliba I, Mwiine FN, Ochwo S, Velazquez-Salinas L, McKendry RA, Muyldermans S, Lutwama JJ, Rieder E, Yavelsky V, Lobel L. The Development and Validation of a Novel Nanobody-Based Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease 3ABC Antibodies in Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:250. [PMID: 30370272 PMCID: PMC6194346 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective management of foot and mouth disease (FMD) requires diagnostic tests to distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). To address this need, several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platforms have been developed, however, these tests vary in their sensitivity and specificity and are very expensive for developing countries. Camelid-derived single-domain antibodies fragments so-called Nanobodies, have demonstrated great efficacy for the development of serological diagnostics. This study describes the development of a novel Nanobody-based FMD 3ABC competitive ELISA, for the serological detection of antibodies against FMD Non-Structural Proteins (NSP) in Uganda cattle herds. This in-house ELISA was validated using more than 600 sera from different Uganda districts, and virus serotype specificities. The evaluation of the performance of the assay demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 94 % (95 % CI: 88.9-97.2), and 97.67 % (95 % CI: 94.15-99.36) respectively, as well as the capability to detect NSP-specific antibodies against multiple FMD serotype infections. In comparison with the commercial PrioCHECK FMDV NSP-FMD test, there was a strong concordance and high correlation and agreement in the performance of the two tests. This new developed Nanobody based FMD 3ABC competitive ELISA could clearly benefit routine disease diagnosis, the establishment of disease-free zones, and the improvement of FMD management and control in endemically complex environments, such as those found in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Gelkop
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Ariel Sobarzo
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Polina Brangel
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Div. of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ema Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shlomit Fedida-Metula
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Nick Strom
- Virology Division, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Irene Ataliba
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Frank Norbet Mwiine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sylvester Ochwo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (COVAB), Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), New York, NY, United States
| | - Rachel A. McKendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Div. of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), New York, NY, United States
| | - Victoria Yavelsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Leslie Lobel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
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