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Nakatani M, Takai Y, Kanehisa H. Resistance training leading to repetition failure increases muscle strength and size, but not power-generation capacity in judo athletes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307841. [PMID: 39197005 PMCID: PMC11356431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Strength-trained athletes has less trainability in muscle size and function, because of their adaptation to long-term advanced training. This study examined whether resistance training (RT) leading to repetition failure can be effective modality to overcome this subject. Twenty-three male judo athletes completed a 6-week unilateral dumbbell curl training with two sessions per week, being added to in-season training of judo. The participants were assigned to one of three different training programs: ballistic light-load (30% of one repetition maximum (1RM)) RT to repetition failure (RFLB) (n = 6), traditional heavy-load (80% of 1RM) RT to repetition failure (RFHT) (n = 7), and ballistic light-load (30% of 1RM) RT to non-repetition failure (NRFLB) (n = 10). Before and after the intervention period, the muscle thickness (MT) and the maximal voluntary isometric force (MVC) and rate of force development (RFDmax) of elbow flexors were determined. In addition, theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), and slope were calculated from force-velocity relation during explosive elbow flexion against six different loads. For statistical analysis, p < 0.05 was considered significant. The MT and MVC had significant effect of time with greater magnitude of the gains in RFHT and NRFLB compared to RFLB. On the other hand, all parameters derived from force-velocity relation and RFDmax did not show significant effects of time. The present study indicates that ballistic light-load and traditional heavy-load resistance training programs, leading to non-repetition failure and repetition failure, respectively, can be modalities for improving muscle size and isometric strength in judo athletes, but these do not improve power generation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Nakatani
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Takai
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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Harmon KK, Girts RM, Rodriguez G, Beausejour JP, Pagan JI, Carr JC, Garcia J, Roberts MD, Hahs‐Vaughn DL, Stout JR, Fukuda DH, Stock MS. Combined action observation and mental imagery versus neuromuscular electrical stimulation as novel therapeutics during short-term knee immobilization. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1145-1162. [PMID: 38687158 PMCID: PMC11215482 DOI: 10.1113/ep091827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Limb immobilization causes rapid declines in muscle strength and mass. Given the role of the nervous system in immobilization-induced weakness, targeted interventions may be able to preserve muscle strength, but not mass, and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two distinct interventions during 1 week of knee joint immobilization on muscle strength (isometric and concentric isokinetic peak torque), mass (bioimpedance spectroscopy and ultrasonography), and neuromuscular function (transcranial magnetic stimulation and interpolated twitch technique). Thirty-nine healthy, college-aged adults (21 males, 18 females) were randomized into one of four groups: immobilization only (n = 9), immobilization + action observation/mental imagery (AOMI) (n = 10), immobilization + neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (n = 12), or control group (n = 8). The AOMI group performed daily video observation and mental imagery of knee extensions. The NMES group performed twice daily stimulation of the quadriceps femoris. Based on observed effect sizes, it appears that AOMI shows promise as a means of preserving voluntary strength, which may be modulated by neural adaptations. Strength increased from PRE to POST in the AOMI group, with +7.2% (Cohen's d = 1.018) increase in concentric isokinetic peak torque at 30°/s. However, NMES did not preserve muscle mass. Though preliminary, our findings highlight the specific nature of clinical interventions and suggest that muscle strength can be independently targeted during rehabilitation. This study was prospectively registered: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05072652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie K. Harmon
- Department of Exercise ScienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Ryan M. Girts
- Department of Natural and Health SciencesPfeiffer UniversityMisenheimerNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gabriela Rodriguez
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Jonathan P. Beausejour
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Jason I. Pagan
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Joshua C. Carr
- Department of KinesiologyTexas Christian UniversityFort WorthTexasUSA
- Department of Medical EducationAnne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at Texas Christian UniversityFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Jeanette Garcia
- School of Sport SciencesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Debbie L. Hahs‐Vaughn
- Department of Learning Sciences and Educational ResearchUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - David H. Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Matt S. Stock
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
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de Abranches Oliveira Santos Filho ID, Rodrigues MA, Ferreira LM, Nahas FX. Is There a Direct Effect Between the Plication of the Myoaponeurotic Layer and the Force of Inspiratory and Expiratory Muscles After Abdominoplasty? Ann Plast Surg 2024; 93:14-21. [PMID: 38885160 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominoplasty may generate an increase in the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and consequently an alteration in the pulmonary ventilation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential alterations in the maximal static inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal static expiratory pressure (MEP) after abdominoplasty. METHODS Thirty-three female patients, aged between 18 and 60, with type III/B Nahas abdominal deformity that underwent abdominoplasty with plication of the anterior rectus and external oblique aponeurosis were selected. The MIP and MEP were measured using a mouthpiece. This is a simple way to indirectly gauge inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength. Measurements were performed before surgery and on the 2nd, 7th, 15th, and 180th postoperative day. In addition, IAP was measured before abdominoplasty and after the placement of compression garment. The MIP and MEP were compared using analysis of variance, followed by the Bonferroni multiple comparison test pairing the different points in time. Paired Student's t test was used for comparing IAP measurements. Pearson's correlation test was used to compare MIP and MEP variations with IAP variation. Results were considered statistically significant when P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS A decrease was observed in MEP on the 2nd day, with a return close to normal values on the 15th day. In opposition MIP had a surprisingly increase on the 15th postoperative day (129 cmH2O), normalizing 180 days after the operation. A leap in IAP values was revealed at the end of the surgical procedure. It was not possible to establish a positive correlation between the increase of IAP and the alterations of MIP and MEP. CONCLUSIONS There is a decrease in maximum expiratory pressure on the very early postoperative day (2nd postoperative day) and an increase in maximum inspiratory pressure on the 15th postoperative day in patients who underwent abdominoplasty. There was no correlation between the IAP and maximum respiratory pressure variations, both inspiratory and expiratory.
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Duarte Martins A, Paulo Brito J, Fernandes O, Oliveira R, Gonçalves B, Batalha N. Effects of a 16-week High-Speed Resistance Training program on body composition in community-dwelling independent older adults: A clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:84-91. [PMID: 38935496 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aging frequently causes changes in body composition, such as a loss of strength and muscular mass and an increase in fat mass. Exercise training programs have been suggested as effective strategies to mitigate or prevent age-related declines in body composition. Therefore, this study examined the effects of a sixteen-week High-Speed Resistance Training (HSRT) program on body composition parameters in community-dwelling independent older adults. METHODS The present clinical trial included 79 older adults, who were divided into two groups: intervention group (IG, N = 40, age, 68.50 ± 3.54 years; weight, 68.65 ± 11.36 kg) and control group (CG, N = 39, age, 72.08 ± 5.89 years; weight, 67.04 ± 10.69 kg). IG performed the supervised HSRT for 16 weeks, with 3 sessions per week of 60-70min, each session of 5-6 exercises, 2-3 sets, and 6-10 reps/exercise, while CG did not perform any exercise training program. Body composition parameters were assessed using a multifrequency tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analyzer (InBody® S10). The level of physical activity and the dietary intake were evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) and the Food Frequency Questionnaire, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and effect size (Cohen's dunbiased). RESULTS The analysis showed significant effects of the group factor for IG on phase angle (F(1) = 14.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.159). Additionally, results from Δ changes (post-minus pre-values) revealed small and medium effects in favor to IG for body cell mass (t(77) = 1.21, p = 0.230, dunb = 0.27 [-0.17, 0.71]) and phase angle (t(77) = 2.82, p = 0.006, dunb = 0.63 [0.18, 1.08]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HSRT could effectively prevent the decline in cellular health and cell integrity in older adults, as evidenced by the significant improvements in the phase angle. REGISTRATION Clinicaltrial.gov (ID: NCT05586087).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Duarte Martins
- Comprehensive Heallth Research Centre (CHRC), Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Evora, Evora 7000-671, Portugal; Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém Polytechnic University, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; Santarém Polytechnic University, School of Sport, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém Polytechnic University, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; Santarém Polytechnic University, School of Sport, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Santarém Polytechnic University, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Orlando Fernandes
- Comprehensive Heallth Research Centre (CHRC), Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Evora, Evora 7000-671, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Santarém Polytechnic University, Complexo Andaluz, Apartado 279, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal; Santarém Polytechnic University, School of Sport, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal; Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Santarém Polytechnic University, Av. Dr. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Comprehensive Heallth Research Centre (CHRC), Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Evora, Evora 7000-671, Portugal
| | - Nuno Batalha
- Comprehensive Heallth Research Centre (CHRC), Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Evora, Evora 7000-671, Portugal
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Wohlann T, Warneke K, Kalder V, Behm DG, Schmidt T, Schiemann S. Influence of 8-weeks of supervised static stretching or resistance training of pectoral major muscles on maximal strength, muscle thickness and range of motion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1885-1893. [PMID: 38240811 PMCID: PMC11129965 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current research suggests static stretch-induced maximal strength increases and muscle hypertrophy with potential to substitute resistance-training routines. However, most studies investigated the plantar flexors. This study explored the effects of a static stretching program on maximal strength, hypertrophy and flexibility of the pectoralis major and compared the effects with those of traditional resistance training. METHODS Eighty-one (81) active participants were allocated to either a static stretching, strength-training or control group. Pectoralis stretching was applied 15 min/day, 4 days per week for 8 weeks, while resistance training trained 3 days per week, 5 × 12 repetitions. RESULTS There was an increase in all parameters (strength: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.313, muscle thickness: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.157-0.264, flexibility: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.316) and a time*group interaction (strength: p = 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.154, muscle thickness: p = 0.008-0.001, ƞ2 = 0.117-0.173, flexibility: p < 0.001, ƞ2 = 0.267). Post-hoc testing showed no difference between both intervention groups regarding maximal strength and muscle thickness (p = 0.905-0.983, d = 0.036-0.087), while flexibility increased in the stretching group (p = 0.001, d = 0.789). CONCLUSION Stretching showed increases in maximal strength and hypertrophy, which were comparable with commonly used resistance training. Based on current literature, the influence of mechanical tension as the underlying mechanism is discussed. Furthermore, as equipment and comparatively long stretching durations are requested to induce meaningful strength increases in recreationally active participants, practical application seems limited to special circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wohlann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria-University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Vincent Kalder
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Sport Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
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Jia B, Lv C, Li D, Lv W. Cerebral cortex activation and functional connectivity during low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction: An fNIRS study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303983. [PMID: 38781264 PMCID: PMC11115316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence that blood flow restriction (BFR) training promotes muscle hypertrophy and strength gain, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms have rarely been explored. The primary goal of this study is to investigate characteristics of cerebral cortex activity during BFR training under different pressure intensities. 24 males participated in 30% 1RM squat exercise, changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (HbO) in the primary motor cortex (M1), pre-motor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), were measured by fNIRS. The results showed that HbO increased from 0 mmHg (non-BFR) to 250 mmHg but dropped sharply under 350 mmHg pressure intensity. In addition, HbO and functional connectivity were higher in M1 and PMC-SMA than in DLPFC. Moreover, the significant interaction effect between pressure intensity and ROI for HbO revealed that the regulation of cerebral cortex during BFR training was more pronounced in M1 and PMC-SMA than in DLPFC. In conclusion, low-load resistance training with BFR triggers acute responses in the cerebral cortex, and moderate pressure intensity achieves optimal neural benefits in enhancing cortical activation. M1 and PMC-SMA play crucial roles during BFR training through activation and functional connectivity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jia
- School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chennan Lv
- Center of Strength and Conditioning, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Li
- School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangang Lv
- Center of Strength and Conditioning, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Pereira-Monteiro MR, Aragão-Santos JC, Vasconcelos ABS, de Resende-Neto AG, de Almeida AFS, Gobbo LA, Hermosilla-Perona F, Heredia-Elvar JR, Del Vecchio FB, Aidar FJ, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Functional and Combined Training Promote Body Recomposition and Lower Limb Strength in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial and a Time Course Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:932. [PMID: 38727489 PMCID: PMC11083855 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Encouraging healthy aging in postmenopausal women involves advocating for lifestyle modifications, including regular physical exercise like combined training (CT) and functional training (FT). Regarding this population, age-related alterations in body composition, such as decreased muscle mass and heightened adipose tissue, impact health. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of FT and CT on body recomposition in postmenopausal women. About the methods, we randomly allocated 96 post-menopausal women to the FT, CT, or control group (CG). We measured body composition by bioimpedance and lower limb muscle strength by sit-to-stand test in five repetitions, respectively. The training protocol lasted 16 weeks, and we measured body composition and lower limb muscle strength every 4 weeks, totaling five assessments. Regarding results, we notice that both training groups increased lean mass from the 8th week of training. In addition, a reduction was observed in total fat percentage and an increase in appendicular lean mass from the 12th week of intervention. No differences were found for body mass. Furthermore, only the experimental groups increase muscle strength, starting from the 4th week of training. The conclusion was that FT and CT promote similar adaptations in body recomposition without affecting body mass in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raphael Pereira-Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-676, Sergipe, Brazil (A.F.S.d.A.)
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
| | | | | | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Francisco Hermosilla-Perona
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (A.B.S.V.); (F.J.A.); (M.E.D.S.-G.)
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-676, Sergipe, Brazil (A.F.S.d.A.)
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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Montalva-Valenzuela F, Castillo-Paredes A, Farias-Valenzuela C, Andrades-Ramirez O, Concha-Cisternas Y, Guzmán-Muñoz E. Effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome: A systematic review. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:577-600. [PMID: 39027399 PMCID: PMC11252580 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome (DS). A literature search was conducted across four databases EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The PEDro scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to assess the quality and risk of the studies, respectively. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023449627). Of the 423 records initially found, 13 were finally included in the systematic review, in which 349 adults with DS participated. 92% of the articles declared at least one significant difference post-intervention. The available evidence indicates that exercise, physical activity, and sports have a positive effect on some variables of physical fitness, especially strength, balance, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and functional capacity. Furthermore, it should be considered as an additional treatment or complementary therapy to improve the functionality and quality of life of adults with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Montalva-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Castillo-Paredes
- Grupo Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar (AFySE), Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Oscar Andrades-Ramirez
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Entrenador deportivo, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yeny Concha-Cisternas
- School of Pedagogy in Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
- Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- School of Pedagogy in Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
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Abdelmohsen Labib HS, Abd Elsabour Sabah HM. Assessment of the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on quadriceps muscle. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:274-280. [PMID: 38763570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala M Abd Elsabour Sabah
- Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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10
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Weinstein MM, Dunivan GC, Guaderrama NM, Richter HE. A Motion-based Device Urinary Incontinence Treatment: A Longitudinal Analysis at 18 and 24 Months. Int Urogynecol J 2024; 35:803-810. [PMID: 38252280 PMCID: PMC11052829 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS There are sparse data regarding the long-term efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an 8-week PFMT program guided by a motion-based intravaginal device versus a standard home program over 24 months. METHODS Between October 2020 and March 2021, a total of 363 women with stress or stress-predominant mixed UI were randomized and completed an 8-week PFMT program using a motion-based intravaginal device (intervention group) or a home program following written/video instructions (control group). Participants were not asked to continue training after the 8-week program. At 18 and 24 months' follow-up, the Urogenital Distress Inventory, short-form (UDI-6) and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) were collected. In the original trial, a total of 139 participants in each arm were needed to detect a 0.3 effect size (alpha = 0.05, power 0.8, one-tailed t test) in the difference in UDI-6 scores. RESULTS A total of 231 participants returned 24-month data. Mean age at 24 months was 51.7 ± 14.5 years, and mean BMI was 31.8 ± 7.4 kg/m2. Mean change in UDI-6 scores from baseline to 24 months was greater in the intervention group than the control group (-21.1 ± 24.5 vs -14.8 ± 19.4, p = 0.04). Reported improvement using PGI-I was greater in the intervention group than in the control group at 24 months (35% vs 22%, p = 0.03, OR 1.95(95% CI 1.08, 3.57). CONCLUSIONS Pelvic floor muscle training guided by a motion-based prescription intravaginal device yielded durable and significantly greater UI symptom improvement than a standard home program, even in the absence of continued therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Weinstein
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gena C Dunivan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Du J, Yun H, Wang H, Bai X, Su Y, Ge X, Wang Y, Gu B, Zhao L, Yu JG, Song Y. Proteomic Profiling of Muscular Adaptations to Short-Term Concentric Versus Eccentric Exercise Training in Humans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100748. [PMID: 38493954 PMCID: PMC11017286 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying muscular adaptations to concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) exercise training have been extensively explored. However, most previous studies have focused on specifically selected proteins, thus, unable to provide a comprehensive protein profile and potentially missing the crucial mechanisms underlying muscular adaptation to exercise training. We herein aimed to investigate proteomic profiles of human skeletal muscle in response to short-term resistance training. Twenty young males were randomly and evenly assigned to two groups to complete a 4-week either ECC or CON training program. Measurements of body composition and physiological function of the quadriceps femoris were conducted both before and after the training. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of randomly selected participants (five in ECC and four in CON) of both before and after the training were analyzed using the liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in combination with bioinformatics analysis. Neither group presented a significant difference in body composition or leg muscle mass; however, muscle peak torque, total work, and maximal voluntary contraction were significantly increased after the training in both groups. Proteomics analysis revealed 122 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs; p value < 0.05 & fold change >1.5 or <0.67) in ECC, of which the increased DAPs were mainly related to skeletal muscle contraction and cytoskeleton and enriched specifically in the pentose phosphate pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, whereas the decreased DAPs were associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain. One hundred one DAPs were identified in CON, of which the increased DAPs were primarily involved in translation/protein synthesis and the mitochondria respiratory, whereas the decreased DAPs were related to metabolic processes, cytoskeleton, and de-ubiquitination. In conclusion, the 4-week CON and ECC training resulted in distinctly different proteomic profiles, especially in proteins related to muscular structure and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Du
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Bai
- Beijing Sports University Community Health Service Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Su
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Gu
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Guo Yu
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Yafeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China.
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12
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Dai Y, Cheng Y, Ge R, Chen K, Yang L. Exercise-induced adaptation of neurons in the vertebrate locomotor system. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:160-171. [PMID: 37914153 PMCID: PMC10980905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate neurons are highly dynamic cells that undergo several alterations in their functioning and physiologies in adaptation to various external stimuli. In particular, how these neurons respond to physical exercise has long been an area of active research. Studies of the vertebrate locomotor system's adaptability suggest multiple mechanisms are involved in the regulation of neuronal activity and properties during exercise. In this brief review, we highlight recent results and insights from the field with a focus on the following mechanisms: (a) alterations in neuronal excitability during acute exercise; (b) alterations in neuronal excitability after chronic exercise; (c) exercise-induced changes in neuronal membrane properties via modulation of ion channel activity; (d) exercise-enhanced dendritic plasticity; and (e) exercise-induced alterations in neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis. Our hope is to update the community with a cellular and molecular understanding of the recent mechanisms underlying the adaptability of the vertebrate locomotor system in response to both acute and chronic physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Key Lab of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yi Cheng
- Key Lab of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Renkai Ge
- School of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Key Lab of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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13
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Comfort P, McMahon JJ, Lake JP, Ripley NJ, Triplett NT, Haff GG. Relative strength explains the differences in multi-joint rapid force production between sexes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296877. [PMID: 38359039 PMCID: PMC10868802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to determine whether relative strength explains the differences in the rapid force production (force developed during first 150-, 200-, and 250 ms) of females and males, and to evaluate the relationships between peak force and rapid force production. Sixty-three team sport athletes (females: n = 25, age = 21.5 ± 1.3 years, stature = 166 ± 5 cm, body mass = 60.65 ± 10.04 kg; males: n = 38, age = 21.9 ± 1.1 years, stature = 178 ± 7 cm, body mass = 76.55 ± 12.88 kg) performed a series of isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) trials, with all participants' data used for correlational analysis. After testing, females and males were divided into 20 strength-matched pairs, based on their relative peak force (peak force ∙ body mass). There were no meaningful differences between sexes for relative force at 150 ms (g = 0.007 [95% CI -0.627, 0.648]), 200 ms (g = -0.059 [95% CI -0.695, 0.588]) and 250 ms (g = -0.156 [95% CI -0.778, 0.473]). Similarly, when expressed as a percentage of peak force there were no meaningful differences in force at 150 ms (g = -0.015 [95.0%CI -0.650, 0.680]), 200 ms (g = -0.099 [95.0%CI -0.714, 0.559]) or 250 ms (g = -0.272 [95.0%CI -0.856, 0.328]) between strength-matched females and males. Based on the correlations, there were very large to nearly perfect relationships (r = 0.77-0.94, p <0.001) between peak force and rapid force production, with peak force explaining 59%, 77% and 89% of the variance in force at 150-, 200- and 250 ms, respectively. When comparing females and males, relative strength (based on body weight or a percentage of peak force) should be considered, and practitioners should be aware of the role of peak force in rapid force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Comfort
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Strength and Power Research Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - John J. McMahon
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Lake
- Strength and Power Research Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Chichester Institute of Sport, Nursing, and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Ripley
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N. Travis Triplett
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - G. Gregory Haff
- Directorate of Psychology and Sport, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
- Strength and Power Research Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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14
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Cook CE, O’Halloran B, McDevitt A, Keefe FJ. Specific and shared mechanisms associated with treatment for chronic neck pain: study protocol for the SS-MECH trial. J Man Manip Ther 2024; 32:85-95. [PMID: 37819161 PMCID: PMC10795632 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2267391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment mechanisms involve the steps or processes through which an intervention unfolds and produces change in an outcome variable. Treatment mechanisms can be specific to the intervention provided (i.e. pain modulation) or shared with other treatments (i.e. reduced fear of movement). Whether specific and shared treatment mechanisms are different across interventions and whether they lead to the outcomes seen in trials is largely unknown. The management of individuals with chronic neck pain routinely include manual therapy (MT) and resistance exercise (RE), as both approaches are included in clinical practice guidelines and both yield similar outcomes. OBJECTIVES Our study plans to answer two research questions: 1) what are the specific mechanisms associated with MT versus interventions (and are these different), and 2) what are the shared mechanisms associated with these interventions, and do specific or shared mechanisms mediate clinical outcomes? METHODS This study will involve a 2-group parallel (1:1) single-blinded randomized trial to compare the specific and potential shared treatment mechanisms between these two approaches. We will enroll individuals with a history of chronic neck pain and evaluate whether specific or shared mechanisms mediate clinical outcomes. RESULTS We hypothesize that MT and RE approaches will both exhibit different specific treatment mechanisms, and that both approaches will exhibit shared treatment mechanisms, which will notably influence outcomes at both discharge and 6-months. CONCLUSIONS This study is important because it will help identify what specific or shared treatment mechanisms are associated with different interventions and, how different treatment mechanisms influence clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Cook
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Duke Pain Prevention and Treatment Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan O’Halloran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy McDevitt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis J. Keefe
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Mast IH, Bongers CCWG, Gootjes EC, de Wilt JHW, Hopman MTE, Buffart LM. Potential mechanisms underlying the effect of walking exercise on cancer-related fatigue in cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01537-y. [PMID: 38296934 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and debilitating long-term side effect of cancer and its treatment. While exercise has been shown to effectively reduce CRF, the underlying mechanisms are not fully clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of a 4-month walking exercise program on fatigue severity and to explore potential underlying physiological, behavioral, and psychological mechanisms of action. METHODS We included 27 cancer survivors (59 ± 15 years, 37% female) with variable cancer diagnoses who were at least moderately fatigued and finished treatment between 6 and 36 months ago. This study with a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series design compared a 4-month walking intervention period with a 4-month control period. Measurements of fatigue and physiological, behavioral, and psychological factors were performed, supplemented with participants' perceptions on how exercise influenced their fatigue. RESULTS A significant and clinically relevant decrease in fatigue severity was found over time (β = - 8.1, 95% CI = - 12.1; - 4.2), but could not be attributed directly to the walking exercise intervention. Increases in muscle strength (β = - 0.07, 95% CI = - 0.12; - 0.02), physical activity (β = - 0.1, 95% CI = - 0.2; - 0.04), and sleep quality (β = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.3; 1.9), as well as decreases in muscle relaxation times (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.02; 0.16) and psychological distress (β = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8; 1.3) were associated with reductions in fatigue severity. Resilience and physical well-being were perceived as most important constructs explaining the walking exercise effects on fatigue. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal potential physiological, behavioral, and psychological mechanisms underlying the multidimensional effects of exercise on fatigue severity. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Incorporating resistance exercise and addressing resilience and physical well-being might improve the efficacy of exercise interventions for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Hiske Mast
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen C W G Bongers
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elske C Gootjes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurien M Buffart
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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16
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Wattananon P, Songjaroen S, Sungnak P, Richards J. Neuromuscular responses to combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation and motor control exercises in a patient with recurrent low back pain: A single subject research report. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:170-175. [PMID: 35854425 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated changes in lumbar multifidus muscle (LM) contractility after motor control exercises (MCE), and it has been hypothesized that adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may help to re-activate motor units. OBJECTIVE To present the effects of combined NMES and MCE on LM contractility, spatial and temporal motor unit recruitment, and movement control in a patient with recurrent low back pain (rLBP). METHODS Motion tracking system was used to measure quality of movement (smoothness) during an active forward bend, while ultrasound imaging and decomposition electromyography were used to measure the LM contractility and motor unit recruitment during the Sorensen test. These data were collected pre and post intervention. Perceived improvement was also recorded. RESULTS Improved movement smoothness post intervention was found, with increases in LM contractility from 68.1% to 97.7%, and from 74.2% to 86.7% on the right and left sides, respectively. Number of motor unit increased from 14 to 18 units, while mean firing rate decreased from 10.9 to 7.1 pulses/second post intervention. The patient also reported a perceived improvement of +2 on the Global Rating of Change (GROC). However, this change was not greater than +3 to be considered as minimal clinically important difference. CONCLUSION These findings indicate improvements in movement control, LM contractility, and changes in spatial and temporal motor unit recruitment in the study patient, suggesting the potential clinical utility and the need for further research on combined NMES and MCE in the treatment of patients with rLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peemongkon Wattananon
- Motor Control and Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sranya Songjaroen
- Motor Control and Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Panakorn Sungnak
- Motor Control and Plasticity Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jim Richards
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
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17
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Jang J, Franz JR, Pietrosimone BG, Wikstrom EA. Muscle contributions to reduced ankle joint contact force during drop vertical jumps in patients with chronic ankle instability. J Biomech 2024; 163:111926. [PMID: 38183761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic ankle instability is a condition linked to progressive early ankle joint degeneration. Patients with chronic ankle instability exhibit altered biomechanics during gait and jump landings and these alterations are believed to contribute to aberrant joint loading and subsequent joint degeneration. Musculoskeletal modeling has the capacity to estimate joint loads from individual muscle forces. However, the influence of chronic ankle instability on joint contact forces remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to compare tri-axial (i.e., compressive, anterior-posterior, and medial-lateral) ankle joint contact forces between those with and without chronic ankle instability during the ground contact phase of a drop vertical jump. Fifteen individuals with and 15 individuals without chronic ankle instability completed drop vertical jump maneuvers in a research laboratory. We used those data to drive three-dimensional musculoskeletal simulations and estimate muscle forces and tri-axial joint contact force variables (i.e., peak and impulse). Compared to those without chronic ankle instability, the ankles of patients with chronic ankle instability underwent lower compressive ankle joint contact forces as well as lower anterior-posterior and medial-lateral shearing forces during the weight acceptance phase of landing (p <.05). These findings suggest that patients with chronic ankle instability exhibit lower ankle joint loading patterns than uninjured individuals during a drop vertical jump, which may be considered in rehabilitation to potentially reduce the risk of early onset of ankle joint degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Jang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
| | - Jason R Franz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Brian G Pietrosimone
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erik A Wikstrom
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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Agostino S, Calandretti M, Veglio F, Abate Daga F. Physical strength levels and short-term memory efficiency in primary school children: a possible match? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1343-1349. [PMID: 37736663 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical strength stimulation and, in general, physical activity induces brain plasticity (functional and structural adaptations) in different cerebral areas, benefiting executive function, cognition, attention and academic performance, which is usually estimated by measuring the Intelligent Quotient (IQ), and IQ is related to short-term memory, generally during school age. However, very little is known about the role of physical strength on short-term memory efficiency. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to examine whether the level of physical strength can positively impact short-term memory efficiency in primary school children. Additionally, if this effect is observed, the secondary goal of this study is to determine whether the age of the participants plays a role in mediating and moderating this influence. METHODS Seventy-five children from a primary school in the metropolitan area of Turin were recruited for this study. Each subject performed the overhead medicine ball toss (backwards) test to assess physical strength and the Digit Span test from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) to evaluate short-term memory efficiency. Firstly, a simple mediation model was used to identify the possible impact of physical strength levels on short-term memory efficiency and the potential role of participants' chronological age. Secondly, a moderation model was carried out to observe if age could moderate the impact of physical training on short-term memory efficiency and the different significance levels of the moderator. Significance was assumed at P<0.05. RESULTS The results showed a statistically significant direct effect of physical strength on short-term memory (Β=0.429, t(72)=3.247, P<0.01). On the contrary, age was not statistically significant (Β=0.167, t(72)=3.247, P=0.211). Furthermore, a significant interaction between strength and age was identified by the moderation model (β=-0.270, P<0.01). Specifically, the impact of physical strength levels on short-term memory increased for individuals who were above the mean age (β=0.755, P<0.001). but not for those under the mean age (β=0.215, P=0.153). This model explains 37.2% of the variance in memory (R2=0.372, F(3, 71)=14.031, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that physical strength can positively influence short-term memory. In addition, this impact is enhanced in older-age children. Thus, primary school programs should stimulate physical strength to help children develop cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Agostino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Franco Veglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Abate Daga
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy -
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Yu CH, Lai CC, Chen JH, Chen IC, Tai HL, Fu SK. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on neuromuscular efficiency after a half-marathon. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254985. [PMID: 38098805 PMCID: PMC10720321 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) could be considered an antioxidant supplement to reduce muscle fatigue and improve exercise capacity recovery after vigorous exercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PS128 on muscle fatigue and electromyography (EMG) activity after a half-marathon (HM). Methods: The experimental design used a repeated-measures design with a double-blind approach. The participants either took two capsules of PS128 for 4 weeks as the PS128 group (PSG, n = 8) or took two capsules of a placebo for 4 weeks as the placebo group (PLG, n = 8) to ensure counterbalancing. The time points of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and EMG activity test were set before probiotics were taken (baseline), 48 h before HM (Pre), and immediately at 0 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after HM. Results: EMG activity included median power frequency (MDF), integrated EMG (iEMG), and neuromuscular efficiency (peak torque/iEMG). The MVICs of knee extensors, analyzed by using an isokinetic dynamometer, showed a decrease from the Pre to 0 h (p = 0.0001), 3 h (p < 0.0001), 24 h (p < 0.0001), 48 h (p < 0.0001), 72 h (p = 0.0002), and 96 h (p = 0.0408) time points in the PLG. Sidak's multiple comparisons tests showed that the PLG was significantly lower than the PSG at 0 h (p = 0.0173), 3 h (p < 0.0001), 24 h (p < 0.0001), 48 h (p < 0.0001), 72 h (p < 0.0001), and 96 h (p = 0.0004) time points. The MDF of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) in the PLG was significantly decreased 24 h after HM and significantly lower than that in the PSG at all times points after HM. The iEMG of VMO in the PLG was significantly decreased 48 h after HM and significantly lower than that in the PSG at 0 h, 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after HM. Conclusion: The PS128 supplementation may prevent the decrease in MDF, iEMG, and peak torque after vigorous exercise. Recreational runners may consider implementing a probiotic supplementation regimen as a potential strategy to mitigate muscle fatigue following HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien Yu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Chen
- Office of Physical Education, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Ling Tai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, College of Kinesiology, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Education, College of Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Kai Fu
- Office of Physical Education, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Ali K, Gupta S, Hussain ME, Alzhrani M, Manzar MD, Khan M, Alghadir AH. Effect of plyometric versus complex training on core strength, lower limb, and upper limb power in male cricketers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:160. [PMID: 38008712 PMCID: PMC10680285 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex training is found effective in improving physical performance in various sports. There is a paucity of research evidence comparing the efficacy of complex vs. plyometric training in cricket players. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of complex and plyometric training on physical performance parameters in cricket players. METHODS Participants (n = 42 Male; age group = 18-26 years) were randomly allocated into three groups, complex training group (CTG) (n = 14; BMI = 20.51 ± 2.23), plyometric training group (PTG) (n = 14; BMI = 20.57 ± 2.82), and control group (CG) (n = 14; BMI = 20.51 ± 2.23). CTG and PTG received their respective training twice weekly, and CG received routine training for four weeks. Pre and post-intervention assessments of core muscle strength (CM), multistage fitness (MF), push-up (PU), lateral cone jump (LCJ), and stationary vertical jump (SVJ) were performed. This study has been registered in clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT05646914, on 05/12/2022). RESULTS A significant difference was observed between CTG vs. CG for CM (p ≤ 0.01), LCJ (p < 0.05), and SVJ (p ≤ 0.01), similarly in PTG vs. CG for CM (p-value), LCJ (p ≤ 0.05) and SVJ (p ≤ 0.01). However, No significant difference was found between PTG vs. CTG for any variables (p ≥ 0.05). Also, No significant difference in MF and PU was found between the groups (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Complex training has been found to have effects similar to plyometric training alone. Therefore, either of the two strategies can be used to improve the performance of male cricket players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ali
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Sohna, Haryana, India
| | - Shubham Gupta
- Sports Physiotherapy Division, Olympic Gold Quest, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad E Hussain
- Allied Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon, India
| | - Msaad Alzhrani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Dilshad Manzar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Khan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 10219, Riyadh-11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 10219, Riyadh-11433, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Pomp L, Jeneson JAL, van der Pol WL, Bartels B. Electrophysiological and Imaging Biomarkers to Evaluate Exercise Training in Patients with Neuromuscular Disease: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6834. [PMID: 37959299 PMCID: PMC10647337 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise therapy as part of the clinical management of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) is complicated by the limited insights into its efficacy. There is an urgent need for sensitive and non-invasive quantitative muscle biomarkers to monitor the effects of exercise training. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise and summarize the current evidence for the sensitivity of quantitative, non-invasive biomarkers, based on imaging and electrophysiological techniques, for measuring the effects of physical exercise training. We identified a wide variety of biomarkers, including imaging techniques, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, surface electromyography (sEMG), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Imaging biomarkers, such as muscle maximum area and muscle thickness, and EMG biomarkers, such as compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, detected significant changes in muscle morphology and neural adaptations following resistance training. MRS and NIRS biomarkers, such as initial phosphocreatine recovery rate (V), mitochondrial capacity (Qmax), adenosine phosphate recovery half-time (ADP t1/2), and micromolar changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin concentrations (Δ[deoxy(Hb + Mb)]), detected significant adaptations in oxidative metabolism after endurance training. We also identified biomarkers whose clinical relevance has not yet been assessed due to lack of sufficient study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pomp
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Antonius Lodewijk Jeneson
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. Ludo van der Pol
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Bartels
- Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Pereira TA, de Oliveira MPB, Serrão PRMDS, Tsen C, Coutinho NB, Letieri RV, Santos ATS, Reis LMD. Effect of lower limb resistance training on ICF components in chronic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2023; 66:101766. [PMID: 37883831 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) effectively promotes functional independence after stroke. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of lower limb RT on body structure and function (muscle strength, postural balance), activity (mobility, gait) and participation (quality of life, impact of stroke on self-perceived health) outcomes in individuals with chronic stroke. METHODS Six databases were searched from inception until September 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing lower limb RT to a control intervention. The random-effects model was used in the meta-analyses. Effect sizes were reported as standardized mean differences (SMD). Quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included. Significant improvements were found in body structure and function after lower limb RT: knee extensors (paretic side - SMD: 1.27; very low evidence), knee flexors (paretic side - SMD: 0.51; very low evidence; non-paretic side - SMD: 0.52; low evidence), leg press (paretic side - SMD: 0.83; very low evidence) and global lower limb muscle strength (SMD: -1.47; low evidence). No improvement was found for knee extensors (p = 0.05) or leg press (p = 0.58) on the non-paretic side. No improvements were found in the activity domain after lower limb RT: mobility (p = 0.16) and gait (walking speed-usual: p = 0.17; walking speed-fast: p = 0.74). No improvements were found in the participation domain after lower limb RT: quality of life (p > 0.05), except the bodily pain dimension (SMD: 1.02; low evidence) or the impact of stroke on self-perceived health (p = 0.38). CONCLUSION Lower limb RT led to significant improvements in the body structure and function domain (knee extensors and flexors, leg press, global lower limb muscle strength) in individuals with chronic stroke. No improvements were found in the activity (mobility, gait [walking speed]) or participation (quality of life, impact of stroke on self-perceived health) domains. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021272645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Andrade Pereira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Braz de Oliveira
- Healthy Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paula Regina Mendes da Silva Serrão
- Rheumatology and Hand Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Tsen
- Healthy Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Vinícius Letieri
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of North Tocantins, Araguaia, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Maria Dos Reis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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23
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Nakao S, Ikezoe T, Taniguchi M, Motomura Y, Hirono T, Nojiri S, Hayashi R, Tanaka H, Ichihashi N. Effects of Low-Intensity Torque-Matched Isometric Training at Long and Short Muscle Lengths of the Hamstrings on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1978-1984. [PMID: 37729512 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nakao, S, Ikezoe, T, Taniguchi, M, Motomura, Y, Hirono, T, Nojiri, S, Hayashi, R, Tanaka, H, and Ichihashi, N. Effects of low-intensity torque-matched isometric training at long and short muscle lengths of the hamstrings on muscle strength and hypertrophy: A randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 1978-1984, 2023-This study investigated the effects of low-intensity torque-matched isometric training on muscle hypertrophy and strengthening at long (LL) and short muscle lengths (SL). Twenty-eight young subjects completed an 8-week hamstring isometric training program (30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) × 5 s × 20 repetitions × 5 sets × 3 times/week) at 30° knee flexion (LL) or 90° knee flexion (SL). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the hamstrings and MVC were measured before and after the intervention. The active torque because of muscle contraction was calculated by subtracting the passive torque at rest from the total torque (30% MVC). The active torque was significantly lower in the LL training group than in the SL training group (p < 0.01), whereas there was no between-group difference in total torque during training. For CSA and MVC at 30° knee flexion, the split-plot analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant time × group interaction; however, it did show a significant main effect of time (p < 0.05), indicating a significant increase after training intervention. As for MVC at 90° knee flexion, there was a significant time × group interaction (p < 0.05) and a significant simple main effect of time in both the LL (p < 0.01; Cohen's d effect size [ES] = 0.36) and SL (p < 0.01; ES = 0.64) training groups. Therefore, low-intensity isometric training at LL can induce hypertrophy and strengthening, even in cases where the active torque production is lower than that at SL, whereas the training at SL may be more effective for muscle strengthening at SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nakao
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tome Ikezoe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Taniguchi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Motomura
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirono
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Health and Sport Science, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan; and
| | - Shusuke Nojiri
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Remi Hayashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Rehabilitation Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ichihashi
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Sist M, Zou L, Galloway SDR, Rodriguez-Sanchez N. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on maximal strength and power in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1163313. [PMID: 37841405 PMCID: PMC10570740 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1163313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is thought to be a powerful modulator of skeletal muscle physiology. However, available data on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function in athletes are limited and with mixed results. This meta-analysis therefore, aimed to quantitatively summarize the up-to-date literature assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and power in athletes. Methods Sport Discus, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests to assess maximal strength, and vertical jump to assess muscle power in athletes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the included RCTs for sources of bias. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used as the effect size, interpreted together with its 95% confidence intervals (CI). The effect sizes were calculated on the changes from baseline between vitamin D and placebo groups for maximal strength results by upper body and lower body, and for power results. Results Eleven RCTs involving 436 athletes were included. The results indicated that if baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration was < 75 nmol/L, the treatment had a small effect on upper body muscle strength [SMD 0.25, 95% CI: (-0.44, 0.95), p = 0.47] and on lower body muscle strength [SMD 0.26, 95% CI: (-0.13, 0.65), p = 0.19]; if the baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration was ≥ 75 nmol/L, the treatment had a trivial effect on muscle power [SMD 0.15, 95% CI: (-0.42, 0.72), p = 0.61]. Discussion This meta-analysis demonstrated that there is not a statistically significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on improving maximum strength and power, but highlights that further research is required addressing the key limitations in previous studies before definitive conclusions can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sist
- Faculty of Health Science and Sport, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Zou
- AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D. R. Galloway
- Faculty of Health Science and Sport, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Nidia Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Health Science and Sport, Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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25
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Delaire L, Courtay A, Humblot J, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Mourey F, Racine AN, Gilbert T, Niasse-Sy Z, Bonnefoy M. Implementation and Core Components of a Multimodal Program including Exercise and Nutrition in Prevention and Treatment of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4100. [PMID: 37836384 PMCID: PMC10574358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing disability-free life expectancy is a crucial issue to optimize active ageing and to reduce the burden of evitable medical costs. One of the main challenges is to develop pragmatic and personalized prevention strategies in order to prevent frailty, counteract adverse outcomes such as falls and mobility disability, and to improve quality of life. Strong evidence reports the effectiveness of exercise interventions to improve various physical parameters and muscle function that are cornerstones of frailty. Other findings also suggest that the interactions between nutrition and physical exercise with or without health behavior promotion prevent the development of frailty. Multimodal programs, including structured exercise, adequate dietary intervention and health behavior promotion, appear increasingly consensual. However, in order for implementation in real-life settings, some pitfalls need to be addressed. In this perspective, structuring and tailoring feasible, acceptable and sustainable interventions to optimize exercise training responses are essential conditions to warrant short, medium and long-term individual benefits. The different components of exercise programs appear to be fairly consensual and effective. However, specific composition of the programs proposed (frequency, intensity, type, time, volume and progressiveness) have to be tailored to individual characteristics and objectives in order to improve exercise responses. The intervention approaches, behavioral strategies and indications for these programs also need to be refined and framed. The main objective of this work is to guide the actions of healthcare professionals and enable them to widely and effectively implement multimodal programs including exercise, nutrition and behavioral strategies in real-life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Delaire
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Aymeric Courtay
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Joannès Humblot
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada;
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
| | - France Mourey
- Laboratoire CAPS (Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice), Inserm U1093, UFR STAPS, Université de Bourgogne, Campus Universitaire, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon, France;
| | | | - Thomas Gilbert
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- RESHAPE Research on Healthcare Professionals and Performance, Inserm U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zeinabou Niasse-Sy
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Bonnefoy
- Service de Médecine du Vieillissement, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France; (A.C.); (J.H.); (T.G.); (Z.N.-S.); (M.B.)
- Programme «Bien sur ses Jambes», Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Inserm U1060-CarMeN, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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26
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Gómez-Feria J, Martín-Rodríguez JF, Mir P. Corticospinal adaptations following resistance training and its relationship with strength: A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105289. [PMID: 37353049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Neural adaptations to resistance training (RT) and their correlation with muscle strength remain partially understood. We conducted a systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis to examine the effects of metronome-paced (MP), self-paced (SP), and isometric (IM) training on M1 and corticospinal pathway activity. Following MP RT, a significant increase in corticospinal excitability was observed, correlating with increased strength. Conversely, no significant relationship was found after SP or IM training. RT also reduced the duration of the cortical silent period, but this change did not predict strength changes and was not specific to any training modality. No significant effects were found for short-interval intracortical inhibition. Our findings suggest that changes in corticospinal excitability may contribute to strength gains after RT. Furthermore, the relationship between these adaptations and strength appears dependent on the type of training performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez-Feria
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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27
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Warneke K, Wirth K, Keiner M, Lohmann LH, Hillebrecht M, Brinkmann A, Wohlann T, Schiemann S. Comparison of the effects of long-lasting static stretching and hypertrophy training on maximal strength, muscle thickness and flexibility in the plantar flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1773-1787. [PMID: 37029826 PMCID: PMC10363083 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximal strength measured via maximal voluntary contraction is known as a key factor in competitive sports performance as well as injury risk reduction and rehabilitation. Maximal strength and hypertrophy are commonly trained by performing resistance training programs. However, literature shows that long-term, long-lasting static stretching interventions can also produce significant improvements in maximal voluntary contraction. The aim of this study is to compare increases in maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility after 6 weeks of stretch training and conventional hypertrophy training. Sixty-nine (69) active participants (f = 30, m = 39; age 27.4 ± 4.4 years, height 175.8 ± 2.1 cm, and weight 79.5 ± 5.9 kg) were divided into three groups: IG1 stretched the plantar flexors continuously for one hour per day, IG2 performed hypertrophy training for the plantar flexors (5 × 10-12 reps, three days per week), while CG did not undergo any intervention. Maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness, pennation angle and flexibility were the dependent variables. The results of a series of two-way ANOVAs show significant interaction effects (p < 0.05) for maximal voluntary contraction (ƞ2 = 0.143-0.32, p < 0.006), muscle thickness (ƞ2 = 0.11-0.14, p < 0.021), pennation angle (ƞ2 = 0.002-0.08, p = 0.077-0.625) and flexibility (ƞ2 = 0.089-0.21, p < 0.046) for both the stretch and hypertrophy training group without significant differences (p = 0.37-0.99, d = 0.03-0.4) between both intervention groups. Thus, it can be hypothesized that mechanical tension plays a crucial role in improving maximal voluntary contraction and muscle thickness irrespective whether long-lasting stretching or hypertrophy training is used. Results show that for the calf muscle, the use of long-lasting stretching interventions can be deemed an alternative to conventional resistance training if the aim is to increase maximal voluntary contraction, muscle thickness and flexibility. However, the practical application seems to be strongly limited as a weekly stretching duration of up to 7 h a week is opposed by 3 × 15 min of common resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wirth
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sport Science, German University of Health and Sport, 85737, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Lars H Lohmann
- Institute of Sports Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hillebrecht
- University Sports Center, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Brinkmann
- Assistive Systems and Medical Device Technology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wohlann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schiemann
- Institute for Exercise, Sport and Health, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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28
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Voskuil CC, Andrushko JW, Huddleston BS, Farthing JP, Carr JC. Exercise prescription and strategies to promote the cross-education of strength: a scoping review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:569-582. [PMID: 37156010 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The cross-education of strength is moderated by exercise design and prescription in clinical and non-clinical populations. This review synthesizes the available evidence regarding exercise design strategies for unilateral resistance training and provides evidence-based recommendations for the prescription of unilateral training to maximize the cross-education of strength. Greater insights regarding the timing and effectiveness of cross-education interventions in clinical scenarios will strengthen the use of unilateral resistance training for individuals who may benefit from its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb C Voskuil
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth TX, USA
| | - Justin W Andrushko
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Boglarka S Huddleston
- Health Sciences Librarian, Mary C. Burnett Library, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth TX, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Carr
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth TX, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Texas Christian University School of Medicine, Fort Worth TX, USA
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29
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García-Sillero M, Maroto-Izquierdo S, Galván-García M, Benitez-Porres J, Vargas-Molina S, Jurado-Castro JM. Acute Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Movement Velocity and Neuromuscular Signal during the Back Squat Exercise. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4824. [PMID: 37510938 PMCID: PMC10381307 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the effects of blood flow restriction on movement velocity and muscle activity during the back squat exercise. METHODS Twenty-four university students participated in this study. In two randomized sessions 72 h apart, participants performed a 4-set protocol consisting of 30-15-15-15 repetitions performed at 30% of their one-repetition maximum in the back squat exercise. In both sessions, neuromuscular function was monitored by surface electromyography (EMG) and movement velocity (mean propulsive velocity (MPV), peak concentric velocity (Vmax), and the effort index (EI)). Blood flow restriction (BFR) was applied during exercise in one of the experimental sessions with 80% of full arterial occlusion pressure over lower limbs. RESULTS The BFR condition showed higher (p < 0.05) EI, peak, and rooted mean square normalized EMG in Set 1 compared to Set 2. Similar MPV and Vmax were observed in each set for both the BFR and control conditions. No significant differences were observed between conditions in any set. CONCLUSIONS BFR did not imply changes in neuromuscular performance during low-intensity resistance training, but it might induce greater intra-series velocity loss and less excitation of the muscles involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel García-Sillero
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Galván-García
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez-Porres
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ciencias De La Actividad Física y El Deporte, Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain
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McDevitt AW, O'Halloran B, Cook CE. Cracking the code: unveiling the specific and shared mechanisms behind musculoskeletal interventions. Arch Physiother 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 37415258 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-023-00168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms reflect the steps or processes through which an intervention unfolds and produces change in a specified outcome variable. Mechanisms are responsible for determining "how treatments work" which has emerged as a critical question for both developing theory and enhancing treatment efficacy. Studies that evaluate "how" treatments work, not just "if" treatments work are of considerable importance. DISCUSSION Specific and shared mechanisms research is a promising approach which aims to improve patient outcomes by tailoring treatments to the specific needs of each patient. Mechanisms research is an underexplored area of research requiring a unique research design. CONCLUSION Although mechanisms research is still in its infancy, prioritizing the study of the mechanisms behind manual therapy interventions can provide valuable insight into optimizing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W McDevitt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, Aurora, USA.
| | - Bryan O'Halloran
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Saint Joseph's University, PA, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Chad E Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Akalu Y, Frazer AK, Howatson G, Pearce AJ, Siddique U, Rostami M, Tallent J, Kidgell DJ. Identifying the role of the reticulospinal tract for strength and motor recovery: A scoping review of nonhuman and human studies. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15765. [PMID: 37474275 PMCID: PMC10359156 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the established postural control role of the reticulospinal tract (RST), there has been an increasing interest on its involvement in strength, motor recovery, and other gross motor functions. However, there are no reviews that have systematically assessed the overall motor function of the RST. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of the RST underpinning motor function and recovery. We performed a literature search using Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus to retrieve papers using key words for RST, strength, and motor recovery. Human and animal studies which assessed the role of RST were included. Studies were screened and 32 eligible studies were included for the final analysis. Of these, 21 of them were human studies while the remaining were on monkeys and rats. Seven experimental animal studies and four human studies provided evidence for the involvement of the RST in motor recovery, while two experimental animal studies and eight human studies provided evidence for strength gain. The RST influenced gross motor function in two experimental animal studies and five human studies. Overall, the RST has an important role for motor recovery, gross motor function and at least in part, underpins strength gain. The role of RST for strength gain in healthy people and its involvement in spasticity in a clinical population has been limitedly described. Further studies are required to ascertain the role of the RST's role in enhancing strength and its contribution to the development of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Akalu
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research UnitDepartment of PhysiotherapySchool of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Human PhysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia
| | - Ashlyn K. Frazer
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research UnitDepartment of PhysiotherapySchool of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and RehabilitationNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleUK
- Water Research GroupNorth West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Alan J. Pearce
- College of Science, Health and EngineeringLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ummatul Siddique
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research UnitDepartment of PhysiotherapySchool of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mohamad Rostami
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research UnitDepartment of PhysiotherapySchool of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jamie Tallent
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research UnitDepartment of PhysiotherapySchool of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
| | - Dawson J. Kidgell
- Monash Exercise Neuroplasticity Research UnitDepartment of PhysiotherapySchool of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Song S, Kim G, Kim H. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Beneficial for Locomotion in Community-Dwelling Elderly People with Sarcopenia. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:92. [PMID: 37489305 PMCID: PMC10366781 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, in addition to aging and reduced physical activity, is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder that causes the loss of muscle mass and strength. The most prominent functional change is mobility, which contributes to a decrease in the quality of life. Therefore, we aimed to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses by synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated exercises that affected locomotion in patients with sarcopenia. The RCTs were retrieved in April 2023 from three international electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed). RCTs published after 2013 were compared with a control group that did not include exercise. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the identified studies using RevMan 5.4 and risk of bias assessment provided by Cochrane. RCTs involving 594 patients with sarcopenia were included in this study. The analysis model was synthesized as a random effects model, and the standard mean difference (SMD) was used as the effect measure. Exercise interventions were found to not change muscle mass in individuals with sarcopenia (SMD = 0.04; 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.22). However, they had positive effects on lower extremity muscle strength (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.66) and walking speed (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.72). For community-dwelling elderly people with sarcopenia, exercise intervention did not lead to an increase in reduced muscle mass, but it brought positive improvements in lower extremity strength and gait speed to improve locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeok Song
- Korea Pediatric Integrative Manual Therapy Association, 302 Gwanggyojungang-ro, Yongin 16943, Republic of Korea
| | - Gushik Kim
- Gyeonggi Branch, Korea Physical Therapy Association, 1030 Gyeongsu-daero, Suwon 16203, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Neuromusculoskeletal Science Laboratory, 306 Jangsin-ro, Gwangju 62287, Republic of Korea
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Stojanović MDM, Andrić N, Mikić M, Vukosav N, Vukosav B, Zolog-Șchiopea DN, Tăbăcar M, Melinte RM. Effects of Eccentric-Oriented Strength Training on Return to Sport Criteria in Late-Stage Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-Reconstructed Professional Team Sport Players. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1111. [PMID: 37374316 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: An effective post-injury training program is essential to regain performance and fulfill criteria for return to sport for team sport athletes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of eccentric-oriented strength training vs. traditional strength training during the late-stage ACL-rehab phase on leg strength and vertical and horizontal jumping performance in professional team sport athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two subjects (14 males, 8 females, age 19.9 ± 4.4 years, mass 77.4 ± 15.6 kg, height 182.4 ± 11.7 cm) (mean ± SD) with a unilateral reconstructed ACL (BTB graft) were included in the study. All participants enrolled in the same rehabilitation protocol prior to the training study. Players were randomly assigned to an experimental (ECC: n = 11, age 21.8 ± 4.6 years, mass 82.7 ± 16.6 kg, height 185.4 ± 12.2 cm), and a control group (CON: n = 11, age 19.1 ± 2.1 years, mass 76.6 ± 16.5 kg, height 182.5 ± 10.2 cm). Both groups underwent an equivolumed rehabilitation program, with the only difference being in strength training, which consisted of flywheel training vs. traditional strength training for the experimental and control groups, respectively. Testing was organized before and after the 6-week training programs and included isometric semi-squat tests (ISOSI-injured and ISOSU-uninjured legs), vertical jump tests (CMJ), single-leg vertical jump tests (SLJI-injured and SLJU-uninjured legs), single-leg hop tests (SLHI-injured and SLHU-uninjured legs), and triple hop tests (TLHI-injured and TLHU-uninjured legs). In addition, limb symmetry indexes were calculated for the isometric semi-squat (ISOSLSI) test, the single-leg vertical jump (SLJLSI), and the hop (SLHLSI) tests, as well as the triple-leg hop (THLLSI) test. Results: Main effects of time across training were observed for all dependent variables (posttest > pretest, p < 0.05). Significant group-by-time interactions were found for ISOSU (p < 0.05, ES = 2.51, very large), ISOSI (p < 0.05, ES = 1.78, large), CMJ (p < 0.05, ES = 2.23, very large), SLJI (p < 0.05, ES = 1.48, large), SLHI (p < 0.05, ES = 1.83, large), and TLHI (p < 0.05, ES = 1.83, large). Conclusions: This study suggests that eccentric-oriented strength training in late-stage ACL recovery, undertaken twice or three times weekly for 6 weeks, results in better outcomes than traditional strength training in leg strength, vertical jump ability, and single and triple hop tests with injured legs in professional team sport athletes. It seems that flywheel strength training can be recommended in late-stage ACL recovery for professional team sport athletes in order to regain recommended performance outcome levels faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko D M Stojanović
- Training Expertise Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Andrić
- Training Expertise Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mladen Mikić
- Training Expertise Lab, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vukosav
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Borko Vukosav
- Sports Medicine Department, Medical Clinic "ST Medicina", 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dan-Nicolae Zolog-Șchiopea
- Orthopedic Department, Puls Hospital of Regina Maria Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Humanitas Hospital, 400001 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Mircea Tăbăcar
- Orthopedic Department, Puls Hospital of Regina Maria Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Răzvan Marian Melinte
- Orthopedic Department, Puls Hospital of Regina Maria Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Humanitas Hospital, 400001 Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Fizionova Reahabilitation, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Dimitrie Cantemir University, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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Mukherjee S, Fok JR, van Mechelen W. Electrical Stimulation and Muscle Strength Gains in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:938-950. [PMID: 36731008 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mukherjee, S, Fok, JR, and van Mechelen, W. Electrical stimulation and muscle strength gains in healthy adults: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 938-950, 2023-Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is a popular method for strength gains among athletes and fitness enthusiasts. This review investigated the literature from 2008 to 2020 on EMS application protocols, strength adaptations, neural adaptations, and its use as an independent and combined training tool for strength gain in healthy adults. The investigation was modeled after the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included studies that assessed the effect of EMS, either alone or in combination with voluntary resistance training (VRT) in healthy adult populations, involving a control group performing either usual or sham training, with at least 1 performance outcome measure assessed during experimental randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCT, randomized crossover trials, or nonrandomized studies. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 174 subjects. Eight studies investigated the effect of EMS on lower limb muscles and 2 on elbow flexors. Five studies used concurrent VRT. Studies were heterogenous in methods, subject characteristics, intervention, and EMS protocols. All 10 studies reported significant strength gains as an outcome of EMS treatment, but there were no improvements in strength-related functional outcome measures. The optimal threshold for treatment duration, EMS intensity, pulse, and frequency could not be determined due to methodological differences and EMS application protocol inconsistency between studies. Protocol variations also existed between the studies that combined EMS with VRT. Standardized protocols are needed for electrode placement location, motor point identification, positioning of the body part being investigated, impulse type, intensity, and duration of stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Mukherjee
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeryn Ruiwen Fok
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; and
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lattari E, Vieira LAF, Santos LER, Jesus Abreu MA, Rodrigues GM, de Oliveira BRR, Machado S, Maranhão Neto GA, Santos TM. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With or Without Caffeine: Effects on Training Volume and Pain Perception. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:45-54. [PMID: 35025723 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1939251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of tDCS combined with caffeine intake on training volume and pain perception in the bench press in resistance-trained males. The correlation between training volume and pain perception was also assessed in all interventions. Methods: Sixteen healthy males (age = 25.2 ± 4.7 years, body mass = 82.8 ± 9.1 kg, and height = 178.3 ± 5.7 cm), advanced in RT, were randomized and counterbalanced for the following experimental conditions: Sham tDCS with placebo intake (Sham+Pla), Sham tDCS with caffeine intake (Sham+Caff), anodal tDCS with placebo intake (a-tDCS+Pla), and anodal tDCS with caffeine intake (a-tDCS+Caff). The caffeine or placebo ingestion (both with 5 mg.kg-1) occurred 40 minutes before the tDCS sessions. The tDCS was applied over the left DLPFC for 20 minutes, with a 2 mA current intensity. After the tDCS sessions, participants performed the bench press with an 80% of 1RM load, where training volume and pain perception were measured. Results: Training volume was higher in the 1st and 2nd sets in both a-tDCS+Caff and Sham+Caff conditions, compared to the Sham+Pla condition (P < .05). Both a-tDCS+Caff and a-tDCS+Pla showed an increased pain perception during the third set compared to the first set. Also, no correlation was found between the number of repetitions and pain perception in any condition (P > .05). Conclusion: This research revealed that caffeine intake alone could be used as an ergogenic aid during resistance training programs in resistance-trained males.
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Hurd KA, Surges MP, Farrell JW. Use of Exercise Training to Enhance the Power-Duration Curve: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:733-744. [PMID: 35852374 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hurd, KA, Surges, MP, and Farrell, JW. Use of exercise training to enhance the power-duration curve: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 733-744, 2023-The power/velocity-duration curve consists of critical power (CP), the highest work rate at which a metabolic steady state can obtained, and W' (e.g., W prime), the finite amount of work that can be performed above CP. Significant associations between CP and performance during endurance sports have been reported resulting in CP becoming a primary outcome for enhancement following exercise training interventions. This review evaluated and summarized the effects of different exercise training methodologies for enhancing CP and respective analogs. A systematic review was conducted with the assistance of a university librarian and in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Ten studies met the criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. Four, 2, 2, 1, and 1 articles included swimming, cycling, resistance training, rowing, and running, respectively. Improvements in CP, and respective analogs, were reported in 3 swimming, 2 cycling, and 1 rowing intervention. In addition, only 2 cycling and 1 swimming intervention used CP, and respective analogs, as an index of intensity for prescribing exercise training, with one cycling and one swimming intervention reporting significant improvements in CP. Multiple exercise training modalities can be used to enhance the power/velocity-duration curve. Significant improvements in CP were often reported with no observed improvements in W' or with slight decreases. Training may need to be periodized in a manner that targets enhancements in either CP or W' but not simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kweisi A Hurd
- Clinical Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas
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Kaya M, Gurses HN, Ucgun H, Okyaltirik F. Effects of creative dance on functional capacity, pulmonary function, balance, and cognition in COPD patients: A randomized controlled trial. Heart Lung 2023; 58:13-20. [PMID: 36335909 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is key to the comprehensive management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Creative dance can be an innovative approach as effective as traditional exercise training. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate effect of creative dance-based exercise (CDE) training on functional capacity, postural stability and balance, pulmonary and cognitive functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in COPD patients. METHODS Twenty-four patients with COPD were randomly allocated to either "chest physiotherapy and home-based walking program" (PT) or "CDE alongside home-based chest physiotherapy group" (PT+CDE). Both groups performed chest PT program twice a day for 5 days per week for 8 weeks. PT+CDE group received CDE training 2 days a week for 8 weeks. Primary outcome was six minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcomes were postural stability and balance, pulmonary function, maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure, peripheral muscle strength, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and BODE index. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of training. RESULTS Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in 6MWT distance, MIP, MEP, MoCA score, CAT, and BODE index (p < 0.05). Only with CDE training was achieved improvements in postural stability and balance scores, pulmonary function, and peripheral muscle strength (p < 0.05). The improvements in 6 MWT distance, MEP, MoCA score, and CAT were greater in PT+CDE group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Use of creative dance training in addition to home-based chest PT program was more effective than chest PT program regarding primary and secondary outcomes in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kaya
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34408, Turkey
| | - Hulya Nilgun Gurses
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Silahtaraga St. No: 189, Istanbul 34060, Turkey; Department of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul 34060, Turkey.
| | - Hikmet Ucgun
- Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biruni University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Fatmanur Okyaltirik
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
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Palermo AE, Cahalin LP, Nash MS. A Secondary Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Variability of Inspiratory Muscle Performance in People Living With SCI. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2023; 29:97-106. [PMID: 37235194 PMCID: PMC10208253 DOI: 10.46292/sci22-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To explore the expected variability in repeated short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) inspiratory muscle performance (IMP) in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), sustained MIP (SMIP), and inspiratory duration (ID) were collected from 22 individuals with chronic SCI (C1-T9, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale [AIS] A-C) over 18 months. ST data were collected four times within 2 weeks (n = 19). LT data were collected at two time points at least 7 months apart (n = 20). Results SMIP was the most reliable IMP assessment with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.959, followed by MIP (ICC 0.874) and ID (ICC 0.689). The ID was the only ST measure to have a significant difference [MIP: F(3, 54) = 2.5, p = .07; SMIP: F(3, 54) = 1.3, p = .29; ID: F(1.4, 25.6) = 4.8, p = .03]. Post hoc analysis showed the mean day 1 ST ID measure was significantly different from both days 3 and 4. The percent change of ID from day 3 to day 6 was 11.6%. No LT measures differed significantly [mean change (SD) [95% CI] for MIP: 5.2 cm H2O (18.8) [-3.6, 13.9], p = .235; SMIP: 60.9 pressure time unit (166.1) [-16.9, 138.6], p = .118; ID: 0.1 s (2.5) [-1.1, 1.3], p = .855]. Conclusion These data provide a foundation for understanding normal variance in ST and LT IMP in the SCI population. Change in MIP function outside 10% is likely a true and meaningful change and may help clinicians recognize individuals with SCI at risk for respiratory compromise. Future studies should explore changes in MIP and SMIP that are associated with meaningful functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Palermo
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
| | | | - Mark S. Nash
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Effect of Progressive Postural Control Exercise Versus Core Stability Exercise in Young Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pain Ther 2023; 12:293-308. [PMID: 36454387 PMCID: PMC9845492 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-022-00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effects of progressive postural control exercise (PPCE) vs core stability exercise (CSE) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHODS A total of 34 young-adult participants with CLBP were randomly assigned to two groups (the PPCE group and the CSE group). They received instructions for two different exercise training regimens persisting over 8 weeks. Before, after, and at 6 months after the intervention, the participants were evaluated on the basis of pain intensity (VAS), degree of dysfunction (ODI and RMDQ), contractility of transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (MF), as well as the ability to control static posture. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the results of the PPCE group and the CSE group. At the 6-month follow-up after the 8-week treatment, the scores of VAS, ODI, and RMDQ in the two groups decreased significantly compared to before (p < 0.05). The percentage change in thickness of bilateral TrA and left MF (p < 0.05) was elevated and the sway area of center of pressure during static stance tasks with eyes opened (p < 0.05) was decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION In the short term, PPCE provides positive effects similar to those of core stability exercise in patients with CLBP. The effective mechanism of PPCE might be the consequence of neuromuscular plasticity and adaptation adjustments. PPCE enriches the choices of treatment for CLBP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn , identifier ChiCTR2100043113.
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López-Pérez MP, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rivas-Campo Y, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Castellote-Caballero Y, Rodríguez-López C, Aibar-Almazán A. Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises as a Treatment for Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:216. [PMID: 36673584 PMCID: PMC9859482 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Women frequently suffer from urinary incontinence due to atrophic changes in the urogenital tract. Recommended conservative treatment includes evaluation of pelvic-floor strength and the functional use of pelvic-floor-muscle (PFM) training. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles with at least one group performing PFM exercises in post-menopausal women with urinary incontinence. Eight articles were included, and each study had at least one group of PFM exercise-based intervention alone or combined. The volume or duration, frequency, and number of sessions were heterogeneous. All the studies reported significant differences in favor of PFM exercise in strength, quality of life, and/or severity of urinary incontinence. PFM exercise is a highly recommended intervention to treat urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. However, more research is needed to establish specific factors such as dose-response relationships and to standardize methods for measuring effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz López-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | | | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Rodríguez-López
- Gimbernat-Cantabria School of Physiotherapy, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
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Filetti C, Ruscello B, Leo I, Porta M, Chiari A, Miranda C, Rago V. Hypertrophic adaptations to a 6-week in-season barbell vs. flywheel squat added to regular soccer training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:60-68. [PMID: 35415999 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the hypertrophic adaptations to barbell or flywheel squat exercise added to regular in-season soccer training. METHODS Quadriceps' (rectus femoris [RF], vastus medialis [VM] and vastus lateralis [VL]) cross-sectional area (CSA) in its portions (proximal [PROX], middle [MID], and distal [DIST]) was measured on both legs before and after a 6-week barbell (80 to 90% one-maximum repetition; N.=7) or flywheel (0.0611 to 0.0811 kg·m2; N.=7) in an U19 professional soccer team using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Both groups underwent 5 sets × 6 reps per session of squat separated by 3-min rest, while controlling the time under tension (within 0.5 and 0.8 s). RESULTS The barbell squat group experienced moderate CSA increments in the VM<inf>MID</inf> and the VL<inf>DIST</inf> of the right leg (d=0.98-0.99). Additionally, the flywheel group experience large CSA increments in the RF<inf>MID</inf>, VL<inf>PROX</inf> and VL<inf>MID</inf> of the right leg (d=1.00-1.84). On average, flywheel squat training largely produced greater force during exercise compared to the barbell squat training (29.2 vs. 12.2 N·kg-1; d=5.95), whereas the barbell squat training produced moderately greater power output (10.5 vs. 9.7; d=0.52). CONCLUSIONS Barbell squat training seems to be more effective for VM hypertrophy whereas flywheel squat triggers greater RF and VL hypertrophy as complementary to regular field-based soccer practice and competition within a short range of time (6 weeks) during the in-season. These findings can be considered also from either strength or reconditioning perspective based on the increase in the quadriceps muscles' CSA as mechanism underlying strength/power adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Filetti
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919, Salerno, Italy.,Performance Department, FC Paris Saint Germain, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ruscello
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,LUISS SportLab, LUISS University, Rome, Italy
| | - Italo Leo
- Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Human, Philosophical and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Sport Rehab, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Porta
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Chiari
- Parthenope Sant'Antimo Basket, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Rago
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, European University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal -
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Thomas E, Ficarra S, Nunes JP, Paoli A, Bellafiore M, Palma A, Bianco A. Does Stretching Training Influence Muscular Strength? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 37:1145-1156. [PMID: 36525533 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Thomas, E, Ficarra, S, Nunes, JP, Paoli, A, Bellafiore, M, Palma, A, and Bianco, A. Does stretching training influence muscular strength? A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1145-1156, 2023-The aim of this study was to review articles that performed stretching training and evaluated the effects on muscular strength. Literature search was performed using 3 databases. Studies were included if they compared the effects on strength following stretching training vs. a nontraining control group or stretching training combined with resistance training (RT) vs. an RT-only group, after at least 4 weeks of intervention. The meta-analyses were performed using a random-effect model with Hedges' g effect size (ES). A total of 35 studies ( n = 1,179 subjects) were included in this review. The interventions lasted for a mean period of 8 weeks (range, 4-24 weeks), 3-4 days per week, applying approximately 4 sets of stretching of approximately 1-minute duration. The meta-analysis for the stretching vs. nontraining control group showed a significant small effect on improving dynamic (k = 14; ES = 0.33; p = 0.007) but not isometric strength (k = 8; ES = 0.10; p = 0.377), following static stretching programs (k = 17; ES = 0.28; p = 0.006). When stretching was added to RT interventions, the main analysis indicated no significant effect (k = 17; ES = -0.15; p = 0.136); however, moderator analysis indicated that performing stretching before RT sessions has a small but negative effect (k = 7; ES = -0.43; p = 0.014); the meta-regression revealed a significant negative association with study length (β = -0.100; p = 0.004). Chronic static stretching programs increase dynamic muscular strength to a small magnitude. Performing stretching before RT and for a prolonged time (>8 weeks) can blunt the strength gains to a small-to-moderate magnitude. Performing stretching in sessions distant from RT sessions might be a strategy to not hinder strength development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ficarra
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil; and
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Chaillou T, Treigyte V, Mosely S, Brazaitis M, Venckunas T, Cheng AJ. Functional Impact of Post-exercise Cooling and Heating on Recovery and Training Adaptations: Application to Resistance, Endurance, and Sprint Exercise. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:37. [PMID: 35254558 PMCID: PMC8901468 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of post-exercise cooling (e.g., cold water immersion) and post-exercise heating has become a popular intervention which is assumed to increase functional recovery and may improve chronic training adaptations. However, the effectiveness of such post-exercise temperature manipulations remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive review was to analyze the effects of post-exercise cooling and post-exercise heating on neuromuscular function (maximal strength and power), fatigue resistance, exercise performance, and training adaptations. We focused on three exercise types (resistance, endurance and sprint exercises) and included studies investigating (1) the early recovery phase, (2) the late recovery phase, and (3) repeated application of the treatment. We identified that the primary benefit of cooling was in the early recovery phase (< 1 h post-exercise) in improving fatigue resistance in hot ambient conditions following endurance exercise and possibly enhancing the recovery of maximal strength following resistance exercise. The primary negative impact of cooling was with chronic exposure which impaired strength adaptations and decreased fatigue resistance following resistance training intervention (12 weeks and 4–12 weeks, respectively). In the early recovery phase, cooling could also impair sprint performance following sprint exercise and could possibly reduce neuromuscular function immediately after endurance exercise. Generally, no benefits of acute cooling were observed during the 24–72-h recovery period following resistance and endurance exercises, while it could have some benefits on the recovery of neuromuscular function during the 24–48-h recovery period following sprint exercise. Most studies indicated that chronic cooling does not affect endurance training adaptations following 4–6 week training intervention. We identified limited data employing heating as a recovery intervention, but some indications suggest promise in its application to endurance and sprint exercise.
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Srisaphonphusitti L, Manimmanakorn N, Manimmanakorn A, Hamlin MJ. Effects of whole body vibration exercise combined with weighted vest in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:911. [PMID: 36443661 PMCID: PMC9703755 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the training effects of whole body vibration (WBV) combined with weighted vest (WV) in older adults. METHODS This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in healthy older adults living in the community. Fifty-one participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 17), WBV alone, training on WBV at a frequency 30 Hz, amplitude 2 mm, 10 sets of 1 min squats, with 60 s rest, group 2 (n = 15), WV alone, squat exercise, 10 sets of 1 min, with 60 s rest, while WV loaded with 10% body weight and group 3 (n = 19), WBV + WV, combining WBV exercise with the addition of a WV. All groups completed training 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The outcomes were total muscle mass, muscle thickness, maximal isometric strength, single-leg-stance and timed-up-and-go evaluated at baseline and after training. RESULTS As a result of training all groups improved their isometric muscle strength with little difference between groups. The single-leg-stance significantly improved only in WBV + WV group 25.1 ± 10.8 s (mean ± 95% CI, p < 0.01). The timed-up-and-go improved in all groups, but the improvement was significantly greater in the WBV + WV group (17.5 ± 6.9%) compared to the WV (8.5 ± 3.2%) and WBV groups (9.2 ± 5.4%, p = 0.043, 0.023 respectively). Rectus femoris muscle thickness and total muscle mass were significantly increased in all groups equally with little difference between groups. CONCLUSION The combined WBV + WV had a greater effect on the single-leg-stance and the timed-up-and-go compared to WV or WBV alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION TCTR20190306001. Thai Clinical Trials Registry ( www.thaiclinicaltrials.org ). Date of registration: 6 March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lertwanlop Srisaphonphusitti
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Exercise and Sports Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nuttaset Manimmanakorn
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ,grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Manimmanakorn
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Michael John Hamlin
- grid.16488.330000 0004 0385 8571Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Neurorehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis-A Review of Present Approaches and Future Considerations. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237003. [PMID: 36498578 PMCID: PMC9739865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an increasingly prevalent disease, representing the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disease in Europe and North America. The most common symptoms include gait deficits, balance and coordination impairments, fatigue, spasticity, dysphagia and an overactive bladder. Neurorehabilitation therapeutic approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life through promoting positive immunological transformations and neuroplasticity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current treatments for the most debilitating symptoms in multiple sclerosis, identify areas for future improvement, and provide a reference guide for practitioners in the field. It analyzes the most cited procedures currently in use for the management of a number of symptoms affecting the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis, from different training routines to cognitive rehabilitation and therapies using physical agents, such as electrostimulation, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy and electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, it investigates the quality of evidence for the aforementioned therapies and the different tests applied in practice to assess their utility. Lastly, the study looks at potential future candidates for the treatment and evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis and the supposed benefits they could bring in clinical settings.
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Babiarz M, Laskowski R, Grzywacz T. Effects of Strength Training on BDNF in Healthy Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113795. [PMID: 36360677 PMCID: PMC9658702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The physical improvements from strength and resistance training have been known for decades, but the cognitive benefits of this type of activity are not as well-known. The aim of this review article is to provide a summary of studies presenting the effects of strength and resistance training on BDNF in healthy young adults. A systematic search of various electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar) was conducted in September 2022. Studies that examined associations between strength training and BDNF in healthy young adults aged 18-30 years were included. The final sample included 10 studies published between 2009 and 2020. The results of this literature review are inconclusive. Based on the results of the 10 studies, there is no clear answer as to whether strength training has positive effects on BDNF in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Babiarz
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-604 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Maximum Respiratory Pressure Assessment. Chest 2022; 162:738-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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González-Badillo JJ, Sánchez-Medina L, Ribas-Serna J, Rodríguez-Rosell D. Toward a New Paradigm in Resistance Training by Means of Velocity Monitoring: A Critical and Challenging Narrative. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:118. [PMID: 36114395 PMCID: PMC9481798 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
For more than a century, many concepts and several theories and principles pertaining to the goals, organization, methodology and evaluation of the effects of resistance training (RT) have been developed and discussed between coaches and scientists. This cumulative body of knowledge and practices has contributed substantially to the evolution of RT methodology. However, a detailed and rigorous examination of the existing literature reveals many inconsistencies that, unless resolved, could seriously hinder further progress in our field. The purpose of this review is to constructively expose, analyze and discuss a set of anomalies present in the current RT methodology, including: (a) the often inappropriate and misleading terminology used, (b) the need to clarify the aims of RT, (c) the very concept of maximal strength, (d) the control and monitoring of the resistance exercise dose, (e) the existing programming models and (f) the evaluation of training effects. A thorough and unbiased examination of these deficiencies could well lead to the adoption of a revised paradigm for RT. This new paradigm must guarantee a precise knowledge of the loads being applied, the effort they involve and their effects. To the best of our knowledge, currently this can only be achieved by monitoring repetition velocity during training. The main contribution of a velocity-based RT approach is that it provides the necessary information to know the actual training loads that induce a specific effect in each athlete. The correct adoption of this revised paradigm will provide coaches and strength and conditioning professionals with accurate and objective information concerning the applied load (relative load, level of effort and training effect). This knowledge is essential to make rational and informed decisions and to improve the training methodology itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González-Badillo
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Research, Development and Innovation (R&D+I) Area, Investigation in Medicine and Sport Department, Sevilla Football Club, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez-Medina
- Center for Studies, Research and Sports Medicine, Instituto Navarro del Deporte (IND), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Ribas-Serna
- Research, Development and Innovation (R&D+I) Area, Investigation in Medicine and Sport Department, Sevilla Football Club, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Rosell
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Research, Development and Innovation (R&D+I) Area, Investigation in Medicine and Sport Department, Sevilla Football Club, Seville, Spain
- Department of Sport and Informatics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Ustabaşıoğlu FE, Ağırdemir FE, Ustabaşıoğlu F, Sunal BS. Acute effect of resistance exercise at different velocities on stiffness and vascularity of the biceps brachii muscle: a preliminary study. Acta Radiol 2022; 64:1500-1507. [PMID: 36112819 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221125380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance exercise can be defined as the percentage of maximal strength (%1 repetition maximum) used for a particular exercise. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a robust and novelty imaging technique that provides information regarding tissue stiffness. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) is a non-irradiating technique that can provide quantitative measurement of muscle blood flow non-invasively. Purpose To compare the acute effects of low- and high-velocity resistance exercise on stiffness and blood flow in the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) using SWE and SMI. Material and Methods This prospective study included 60 healthy men (mean age=28.9 years; age range=26–34 years). BBM stiffness was measured by using SWE at rest, after low- and high-velocity resistance exercise, and muscle blood flow was also evaluated by SMI. Resistance exercise was performed using a dumbbell with a mass adjusted to 70%–80% of one-repetition maximum. Results The stiffness values increased significantly from resting to high- and low-velocity resistance exercises. There was no significant difference between the elastography values of the BBM after the high- and low-velocity resistance exercise. The blood flow increased significantly from resting to high- and low-velocity resistance exercises. Blood flow increase after low-velocity exercise was significantly higher compared to high-velocity exercise. Conclusion While muscle stiffness parameters and blood flow significantly increased from resting after both high- and low-velocity resistance exercises, blood flow significantly increased after low-velocity exercise compared to high-velocity exercise. This can mean that metabolic stress, an important trigger for muscle development, is more likely to occur in low-velocity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Ebru Ağırdemir
- Department of Sports Medicine, Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ustabaşıoğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Edirne Sultan 1st Murat State Hospital, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Baran Serdar Sunal
- Department of Radiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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Expanding Rehabilitation Options for Dysphagia: Skill-Based Swallowing Training. Dysphagia 2022; 38:756-767. [PMID: 36097215 PMCID: PMC10182941 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, our understanding of swallowing neural control has expanded dramatically. However, until recently, advances in rehabilitation approaches for dysphagia have not kept pace, with a persistent focussing on strengthening peripheral muscle. This approach is no doubt very appropriate for some if not many of our patients. But what if the dysphagia is not due to muscles weakness? The purpose of this clinical manuscript is to reflect on where we have been, where we are now and perhaps where we need to go in terms of our understanding of swallowing motor control and rehabilitation of motor control impairments. This compilation is presented to clinicians in the hope that suggesting approaches "outside the box" will inspire clinicians to focus their attention "inside the box" to ultimately improve rehabilitation and long-term outcomes for patients with dysphagia.
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