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Porey A, Fremin SO, Nand S, Trevino R, Hughes WB, Dhakal SK, Nguyen VD, Greco SG, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Multimodal Acridine Photocatalysis Enables Direct Access to Thiols from Carboxylic Acids and Elemental Sulfur. ACS Catal 2024; 14:6973-6980. [PMID: 38737399 PMCID: PMC11081195 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of photocatalytic systems that facilitate mechanistically divergent steps in complex catalytic manifolds by distinct activation modes can enable previously inaccessible synthetic transformations. However, multimodal photocatalytic systems remain understudied, impeding their implementation in catalytic methodology. We report herein a photocatalytic access to thiols that directly merges the structural diversity of carboxylic acids with the ready availability of elemental sulfur without substrate preactivation. The photocatalytic transformation provides a direct radical-mediated segue to one of the most biologically important and synthetically versatile organosulfur functionalities, whose synthetic accessibility remains largely dominated by two-electron-mediated processes based on toxic and uneconomical reagents and precursors. The two-phase radical process is facilitated by a multimodal catalytic reactivity of acridine photocatalysis that enables both the singlet excited state PCET-mediated decarboxylative carbon-sulfur bond formation and the previously unknown radical reductive disulfur bond cleavage by a photoinduced HAT process in the silane-triplet acridine system. The study points to a significant potential of multimodal photocatalytic systems in providing unexplored directions to previously inaccessible transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Porey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Seth O Fremin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Sachchida Nand
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ramon Trevino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - William B Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Shree Krishna Dhakal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Samuel G Greco
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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2
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Meloni M, Rossi J, Fanti S, Carloni G, Tedesco D, Treffon P, Piccinini L, Falini G, Trost P, Vierling E, Licausi F, Giuntoli B, Musiani F, Fermani S, Zaffagnini M. Structural and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis alcohol dehydrogenases reveals distinct functional properties but similar redox sensitivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1054-1070. [PMID: 38308388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are a group of zinc-binding enzymes belonging to the medium-length dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) protein superfamily. In plants, these enzymes fulfill important functions involving the reduction of toxic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols (as well as catalyzing the reverse reaction, i.e., alcohol oxidation; ADH1) and the reduction of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; ADH2/GSNOR). We investigated and compared the structural and biochemical properties of ADH1 and GSNOR from Arabidopsis thaliana. We expressed and purified ADH1 and GSNOR and determined two new structures, NADH-ADH1 and apo-GSNOR, thus completing the structural landscape of Arabidopsis ADHs in both apo- and holo-forms. A structural comparison of these Arabidopsis ADHs revealed a high sequence conservation (59% identity) and a similar fold. In contrast, a striking dissimilarity was observed in the catalytic cavity supporting substrate specificity and accommodation. Consistently, ADH1 and GSNOR showed strict specificity for their substrates (ethanol and GSNO, respectively), although both enzymes had the ability to oxidize long-chain alcohols, with ADH1 performing better than GSNOR. Both enzymes contain a high number of cysteines (12 and 15 out of 379 residues for ADH1 and GSNOR, respectively) and showed a significant and similar responsivity to thiol-oxidizing agents, indicating that redox modifications may constitute a mechanism for controlling enzyme activity under both optimal growth and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meloni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Rossi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Fanti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carloni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Treffon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luca Piccinini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Center for Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
- Center for Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Zaffagnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Kamble A, Singh R, Singh H. Structural and Functional Characterization of Obesumbacterium proteus Phytase: A Comprehensive In-Silico Study. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01069-x. [PMID: 38393631 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phytate, also known as myoinositol hexakisphosphate, exhibits anti-nutritional properties and possesses a negative environmental impact. Phytase enzymes break down phytate, showing potential in various industries, necessitating thorough biochemical and computational characterizations. The present study focuses on Obesumbacterium proteus phytase (OPP), indicating its similarities with known phytases and its potential through computational analyses. Structure, functional, and docking results shed light on OPP's features, structural stability, strong and stable interaction, and dynamic conformation, with flexible sidechains that could adapt to different temperatures or specific functions. Root Mean Square fluctuation (RMSF) highlighted fluctuating regions in OPP, indicating potential sites for stability enhancement through mutagenesis. The systematic approach developed here could aid in enhancing enzyme properties via a rational engineering approach. Computational analysis expedites enzyme discovery and engineering, complementing the traditional biochemical methods to accelerate the quest for superior enzymes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Kamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to be University, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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4
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Dang M, Wu L, Jin G, Yang C, Isah MB, Zhang X. Quantum Dot-Based Immunoassays: Unraveling Sensitivity Discrepancies and Charting Future Frontiers. Anal Chem 2024; 96:980-984. [PMID: 38194441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honors the groundbreaking contributions of Alexei Ekimov, Louis Brus, and Moungi Bawendi to the field of quantum dots (QDs). In this spirit, we developed a direct competitive QD fluorescence immunoassay (dc-QD-FLISA) to detect aristolochic acid type I (AAI), a potent carcinogen found in herbal remedies. Unexpectedly, the dc-QD-FLISA exhibited lower sensitivity than that of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA), contrary to our initial expectations. This discrepancy in the sensitivity prompted a comprehensive analysis of the entire experimental process. We propose that steric hindrance between QDs and antigen-binding sites on antibodies may significantly diminish the binding efficiency, reducing sensitivity within the dc-QD-FLISA method. Furthermore, issues such as buffer conditions, antibody handling, and separation methods are also contributing factors. We recommend site-directed QD modification and stringent consideration of the experimental conditions. This study not only provides insights into QD-based immunoassays but also highlights the need for future advancements in immunoassay technology in terms of augmenting sensitivity and specificity, potentially revolutionizing disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Dang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Keng Ridge Crescent, 119260 Singapore
| | - Longjiang Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gelin Jin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxuan Yang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Fredrikson JP, Brahmachary PP, June RK, Cox LM, Chang CB. Pericellular Matrix Formation and Atomic Force Microscopy of Single Primary Human Chondrocytes Cultured in Alginate Microgels. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300268. [PMID: 37688354 PMCID: PMC10843004 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the main components of articular cartilage is the chondrocyte's pericellular matrix (PCM), which is critical for regulating mechanotransduction, biochemical cues, and healthy cartilage development. Here, individual primary human chondrocytes (PHC) are encapsulated and cultured in 50 µm diameter alginate microgels using drop-based microfluidics. This unique culturing method enables PCM formation and manipulation of individual cells. Over ten days, matrix formation is observed using autofluorescence imaging, and the elastic moduli of isolated cells are measured using AFM. Matrix production and elastic modulus increase are observed for the chondrons cultured in microgels. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of cells grown in microgels increases ≈ten-fold over ten days, nearly reaching the elastic modulus of in vivo PCM. The AFM data is further analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model and shows that the population of PHCs grown in microgels exhibit two distinct populations with elastic moduli averaging 9.0 and 38.0 kPa. Overall, this work shows that microgels provide an excellent culture platform for the growth and isolation of PHCs, enabling PCM formation that is mechanically similar to native PCM. The microgel culture platform presented here has the potential to revolutionize cartilage regeneration procedures through the inclusion of in vitro developed PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Fredrikson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173920, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173980, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Priyanka P Brahmachary
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173800, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173800, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173520, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lewis M Cox
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173800, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Connie B Chang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173920, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173980, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Jagadeeswararao M, Galian RE, Pérez-Prieto J. Photocatalysis Based on Metal Halide Perovskites for Organic Chemical Transformations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:94. [PMID: 38202549 PMCID: PMC10780689 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysts incorporating metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable attributes: strong visible-light absorption, tuneable band energy levels, rapid charge transfer, and defect tolerance. Additionally, the promising optical and electronic properties of MHP nanocrystals can be harnessed for photocatalytic applications through controlled crystal structure engineering, involving composition tuning via metal ion and halide ion variations, dimensional tuning, and surface chemistry modifications. Combination of perovskites with other materials can improve the photoinduced charge separation and charge transfer, building heterostructures with different band alignments, such as type-II, Z-scheme, and Schottky heterojunctions, which can fine-tune redox potentials of the perovskite for photocatalytic organic reactions. This review delves into the activation of organic molecules through charge and energy transfer mechanisms. The review further investigates the impact of crystal engineering on photocatalytic activity, spanning a diverse array of organic transformations, such as C-X bond formation (X = C, N, and O), [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadditions, substrate isomerization, and asymmetric catalysis. This study provides insights to propel the advancement of metal halide perovskite-based photocatalysts, thereby fostering innovation in organic chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
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7
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van Hoek ML, Marchesani A, Rawat M. Diverse roles of low-molecular weight thiol GSH in Francisella's virulence, location sensing and GSH-stealing from host. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 6:100218. [PMID: 38303966 PMCID: PMC10831187 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular weight (LMW) thiols, encompassing peptides and small proteins with active cysteine residue(s), are important to bacteria as they are involved in a wide range of redox reactions. They include the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and the small redox proteins, thioredoxins and glutaredoxins. We review the low MW thiols and related molecules in Francisella species and what role they may play in growth and virulence. Genes for GSH biosynthesis, metabolism and thioredoxins are present in all strains of Francisella, including the fully human-virulent strains. GSH and cysteine (CSH) are the major LMW thiols in Francisella extracts. We explore the potential role of the LMW thiols to overcome the nutritional challenges of intracellular growth (high GSH conditions) as well as the nutritional challenges of planktonic growth (low GSH conditions), and their contribution to Francisella's sensing its environmental location. Francisella may also use GSH as a source of CSH, for which it is auxotrophic. "Glutathione stealing" from the host may be an important part of Francisella's success strategy as a facultative intracellular pathogen both to detect its location and obtain CSH. An understanding of GSH metabolism in Francisella provides insights into the interaction of this pathogen with its host and may reveal additional targets for therapeutic intervention for tularemia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique L. van Hoek
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | | | - Mamta Rawat
- Biology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States
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8
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Patra R, Mondal S, Sarma D. Thiol and thioether-based metal-organic frameworks: synthesis, structure, and multifaceted applications. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17623-17655. [PMID: 37961841 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are unique hybrid porous materials formed by combining metal ions or clusters with organic ligands. Thiol and thioether-based MOFs belong to a specific category of MOFs where one or many thiols or thioether groups are present in organic linkers. Depending on the linkers, thiol-thioether MOFs can be divided into three categories: (i) MOFs where both thiol or thioether groups are part of the carboxylic acid ligands, (ii) MOFs where only thiol or thioether groups are present in the organic linker, and (iii) MOFs where both thiol or thioether groups are part of azolate-containing linkers. MOFs containing thiol-thioether-based acid ligands are synthesized through two primary approaches; one is by utilizing thiol and thioether-based carboxylic acid ligands where the bonding pattern of ligands with metal ions plays a vital role in MOF formation (HSAB principle). MOFs synthesized by this approach can be structurally differentiated into two categories: structures without common structural motifs and structures with common structural motifs (related to UiO-66, UiO-67, UiO-68, MIL-53, NU-1100, etc.). The second approach to synthesize thiol and thioether-based MOFs is indirect methods, where thiol or thioether functionality is introduced in MOFs by techniques like post-synthetic modifications (PSM), post-synthetic exchange (PSE) and by forming composite materials. Generally, MOFs containing only thiol-thioether-based ligands are synthesized by interfacial assisted synthesis, forming two-dimensional sheet frameworks, and show significantly high conductivity. A limited study has been done on MOFs containing thiol-thioether-based azolate ligands where both nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functionality are present in the MOF frameworks. These materials exhibit intriguing properties stemming from the interplay between metal centres, organic ligands, and sulfur functionality. As a result, they offer great potential for multifaceted applications, ranging from catalysis, sensing, and conductivity, to adsorption. This perspective is organised through an introduction, schematic representations, and tabular data of the reported thiol and thioether MOFs and concluded with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
| | - Sumit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
| | - Debajit Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
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9
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Bhowal P, Roy B, Ganguli S, Igloi GL, Banerjee R. Elucidating the structure-function attributes of a trypanosomal arginyl-tRNA synthetase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 256:111597. [PMID: 37852416 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are fundamental components of the protein translation machinery. In light of their pivotal role in protein synthesis and structural divergence among species, they have always been considered potential targets for the development of antimicrobial compounds. Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcArgRS), the parasite responsible for causing Chagas Disease, contains a 100-amino acid insertion that was found to be completely absent in the human counterpart of similar length, as ascertained from multiple sequence alignment results. Thus, we were prompted to perform a preliminary characterization of TcArgRS using biophysical, biochemical, and bioinformatics tools. We expressed the protein in E. coli and validated its in-vitro enzymatic activity. Additionally, analysis of DTNB kinetics, Circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and ligand-binding studies using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements aided us to understand some structural features in the absence of available crystal structures. Our study indicates that TcArgRS can discriminate between L-arginine and its analogues. Among the many tested substrates, only L-canavanine and L-thioarginine, a synthetic arginine analogue exhibited notable activation. The binding of various substrates was also determined using in silico methods. This study may provide a viable foundation for studying small compounds that can be targeted against TcArgRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyasha Bhowal
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India
| | - Bappaditya Roy
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 318 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sayak Ganguli
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Park Street, Mullick Bazar, Kolkata 700 016, India.
| | - Gabor L Igloi
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rajat Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India.
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Nuti F, Larregola M, Staśkiewicz A, Retzl B, Tomašević N, Macchia L, Street ME, Jewgiński M, Lequin O, Latajka R, Rovero P, Gruber CW, Chorev M, Papini AM. Design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity of Cα 1-to-Cα 6 1,4- and 4,1-disubstituted 1 H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-bridged oxytocin analogues. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2254019. [PMID: 37735942 PMCID: PMC10519257 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2254019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohypophyseal peptide hormone containing a disulphide-bridged pseudocyclic conformation. The biomedical use of OT peptides is limited amongst others by disadvantageous pharmacokinetic parameters. To increase the stability of OT by replacing the disulphide bridge with the stable and more rigid [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl moiety, we employed the Cu2+-catalysed side chain-to-side chain azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition. Here we report the design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and in vitro pharmacological activity of a homologous series of Cα1-to-Cα6 side chain-to-side chain [1,2,3]triazol-1-yl-containing OT analogues differing in the length of the bridge, location, and orientation of the linking moiety. Exploiting this macrocyclisation approach, it was possible to generate a systematic series of compounds providing interesting insight into the structure-conformation-function relationship of OT. Most analogues were able to adopt similar conformation to endogenous OT in water, namely, a type I β-turn. This approach may in the future generate stabilised pharmacological peptide tools to advance understanding of OT physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nuti
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maud Larregola
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, Cergy Pontoise and Paris Saclay Université, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataša Tomašević
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Macchia
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria E. Street
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma e Clinica Pediatrica, AOU di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of NeuroFarBa, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Chorev
- Laboratory for Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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11
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Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Alturki NA, Almasaudi HH, Ahmed I, Alshamrani S, Basharat Z. Chimeric vaccine design against the conserved TonB-dependent receptor-like β-barrel domain from the outer membrane tbpA and hpuB proteins of Kingella kingae ATCC 23330. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1258834. [PMID: 38053576 PMCID: PMC10694214 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1258834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kingella kingae is a Gram-negative bacterium that primarily causes pediatric infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, and osteoarticular infections. Its virulence is attributed to the outer membrane proteins having implications in bacterial adhesion, invasion, nutrition, and host tissue damage. TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) play an important role in nutrition and were previously implicated as vaccine targets in other bacteria. Therefore, we targeted the conserved β-barrel TBDR domain of these proteins for designing a vaccine construct that could elicit humoral and cellular immune responses. We used bioinformatic tools to mine TBDR-containing proteins from K. kingae ATCC 23330 and then predict B- and T-cell epitopes from their conserved β-barrel TDR domain. A chimeric vaccine construct was designed using three antigenic epitopes, covering >98% of the world population and capable of inciting humoral and adaptive immune responses. The final construct elicited a robust immune response. Docking and dynamics simulation showed good binding affinity of the vaccine construct to various receptors of the immune system. Additionally, the vaccine was predicted to be safe and non-allergenic, making it a promising candidate for further development. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of immunoinformatics approaches in designing chimeric vaccines against K. kingae infections. The chimeric vaccine we designed can serve as a blueprint for future experimental studies to develop an effective vaccine against this pathogen, which can serve as a potential strategy to prevent K. kingae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaib M. Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, AlQuwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H. Almasaudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Chrysanthou A, Bosch-Fortea M, Gautrot JE. Co-Surfactant-Free Bioactive Protein Nanosheets for the Stabilization of Bioemulsions Enabling Adherent Cell Expansion. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4465-4477. [PMID: 36683574 PMCID: PMC10565825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioemulsions are attractive platforms for the scalable expansion of adherent cells and stem cells. In these systems, cell adhesion is enabled by the assembly of protein nanosheets that display high interfacial shear moduli and elasticity. However, to date, most successful systems reported to support cell adhesion at liquid substrates have been based on coassemblies of protein and reactive cosurfactants, which limit the translation of bioemulsions. In this report, we describe the design of protein nanosheets based on two globular proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG), biofunctionalized with RGDSP peptides to enable cell adhesion. The interfacial mechanics of BSA and BLG assemblies at fluorinated liquid-water interfaces is studied by interfacial shear rheology, with and without cosurfactant acyl chloride. Conformational changes associated with globular protein assembly are studied by circular dichroism and protein densities at fluorinated interfaces are evaluated via surface plasmon resonance. Biofunctionalization mediated by sulfo-succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC) is studied by fluorescence microscopy. On the basis of the relatively high elasticities observed in the case of BLG nanosheets, even in the absence of cosurfactant, the adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells on bioemulsions stabilized by RGD-functionalized protein nanosheets is studied. To account for the high cell spreading and proliferation observed at these interfaces, despite initial moderate interfacial elasticities, the deposition of fibronectin fibers at the surface of corresponding microdroplets is characterized by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. These results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high cell proliferation on bioemulsions with protein nanosheets assembled without cosurfactants and establish strategies for rational design of scaffolding proteins enabling the stabilization of interfaces with strong shear mechanics and elasticity, as well as bioactive and cell adhesive properties. Such protein nanosheets and bioemulsions are proposed to enable the development of new generations of bioreactors for the scale up of cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chrysanthou
- Institute
of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Minerva Bosch-Fortea
- Institute
of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- Institute
of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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13
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Kumari M, Acharya A, Krishnamurthy PT. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:912-926. [PMID: 37701520 PMCID: PMC10494237 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology provides effective methods for precisely delivering chemotherapeutics to cancer cells, thereby improving efficacy and reducing off-target side effects. The targeted delivery of nanoscale chemotherapeutics is accomplished by two different approaches, namely the exploitation of leaky tumor vasculature (EPR effect) and the surface modification of nanoparticles (NPs) with various tumor-homing peptides, aptamers, oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Because of higher binding affinity and specificity, mAbs have received a lot of attention for the detection of selective cancer biomarkers and also for the treatment of various types of cancer. Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs) are an effective targeted therapy for the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutics specifically to the targeted cancer cells. ACNPs combine the benefits of NPs and mAbs to provide high drug loads at the tumor site with better selectivity and delivery efficiency. The mAbs on the NP surfaces recognize their specific receptors expressed on the target cells and release the chemotherapeutic agent in a controlled manner. Appropriately designed and synthesized ACNPs are essential to fully realize their therapeutic benefits. In blood stream, ACNPs instantly interact with biological molecules, and a protein corona is formed. Protein corona formation triggers an immune response and affects the targeting ability of the nanoformulation. In this review, we provide recent findings to highlight several antibody conjugation methods such as adsorption, covalent conjugation, and biotin-avidin interaction. This review also provides an overview of the many effects of the protein corona and the theranostic applications of ACNPs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (H.P.) 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Li H, Hou Z, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Cai J, Xin Q, Yin F, Li Z, Xu N. Methodology of stable peptide based on propargylated sulfonium. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101508. [PMID: 37448811 PMCID: PMC10336417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides can be used as effective molecular tool for covalent modification of proteins and play important roles in ligand directed covalent modification. Tyr-selective protein modifications exert a profound impact on protein functionality. Here, we developed a general strategy that involves nucleophilic addition of alkyne for tyrosine modification. The terminal alkyne of propargyl sulfonium is motivated by the sulfonium center to react with phenolic hydroxyl. This approach provides a straightforward method for tyrosine modification due to its high yield in aqueous solution at physiological temperature. In addition, cyclic peptides could be obtained via adjusting pH to 8.0 from peptides consisting of tyrosine and methionine modified by propargyl bromide, and the resulting cyclic peptides are proved to have better stability, excellent 2-mercaptopyridine resistance and improved cellular uptakes. Furthermore, molecules made from the propargylated sulfonium have the potential to be used as warheads against tyrosine containing biomolecules. Collectively, we develop a direct and uncomplicated technique for modifying tyrosine residues, the strategy concerned can be widely utilized to construct stable peptides and biomolecules imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuena Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jin Cai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qilei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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15
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Pesti-Asbóth G, Szilágyi E, Bíróné Molnár P, Oláh J, Babinszky L, Czeglédi L, Cziáky Z, Paholcsek M, Stündl L, Remenyik J. Monitoring physiological processes of fast-growing broilers during the whole life cycle: Changes of redox-homeostasis effected to trassulfuration pathway predicting the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290310. [PMID: 37590293 PMCID: PMC10434899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the broiler industry, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio are extremely favorable, but the birds are beginning to approach the maximum of their genetic capacity. However, as a consequence of strong genetic selection, the occurrence of certain metabolic diseases, such as myopathies, ascites, sudden cardiac death and tibial dyschondroplasia, is increasing. These metabolic diseases can greatly affect the health status and welfare of birds, as well as the quality of meat. The main goal of this study was to investigate the changes in the main parameters of redox homeostasis during the rearing (1-42 days of age) of broilers with high genetic capacity, such as the concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and the inhibition rate of superoxide dismutase. Damage to the transsulfuration pathway during growth and the reason for changes in the level of homocysteine were investigated. Further, the parameters that can characterize the biochemical changes occurring in the birds were examined. Our study is the first characterize plasma albumin saturation. A method was developed to measure the levels of other small molecule thiol components of plasma. Changes in redox homeostasis induce increases in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and inflammatory interleukins interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in broilers reared according to current large-scale husbandry technology and feeding protocols. A significant difference in all parameters tested was observed on the 21st day. The concentrations of cytokines and homocysteine increased, while the concentrations of glutathione and cysteine in the plasma decreased. Our findings suggest that observed changes in the abovementioned biochemical indices have a negative effect on poultry health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Pesti-Asbóth
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Szilágyi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Piroska Bíróné Molnár
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Oláh
- Farm and Regional Research Institute of Debrecen, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Babinszky
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Department of Animal Nutrition Physiology, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Czeglédi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Group, University of Nyíregyháza; Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Stündl
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Kushwaha B, Mthembu SN, Sharma A, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Serinol-Based Versatile Disulfide-Reducing Reagent. Molecules 2023; 28:5489. [PMID: 37513361 PMCID: PMC10384529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of disulfide-reducing agents 2-(dibenzylamino) propane-1,3-dithiol (DPDT) and 2-(dibenzylamino)-2-methylpropane-1,3-dithiol (DMPDT) from serinol and methyl serinol, respectively. DPDT was found to show greater stability than DMPDT. Hence, the effectiveness of DPDT as a reducing agent was evaluated in both liquid and solid phases. The reducing capacity of this agent was comparable to that of DTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Kushwaha
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla N Mthembu
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Anamika Sharma
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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17
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Zheng T, Liu Q, Xing F, Zeng C, Wang W. Disulfidptosis: a new form of programmed cell death. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:137. [PMID: 37259067 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfidptosis, a new form of cell death triggered by disulfide stress, is characterized by the collapse of cytoskeleton proteins and F-actin due to the intracellular accumulation of disulfides. This discovery will eventually aid in the development of therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjin Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Huang J, Liu C, Price GW, Wang Y. Zinc and cadmium change the metabolic activities and vegetable cellulose degradation of Bacillus cellulasensis in vegetable soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27597-8. [PMID: 37247150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B isolated from vegetable soil was highly adaptable to Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd). Cd, but not Zn, adversely affected the total protein spectrum and functional groups of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B. Up to 31 metabolic pathways and 216 metabolites of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B were significantly changed by Zn and Cd (Zn&Cd). Some metabolic pathways and metabolites related to functional groups of sulfhydryl (-SH) and amine (-NH-) metabolism were enhanced by Zn&Cd addition. The cellulase activity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B was up to 8.58 U mL-1, increased to 10.77 U mL-1 in Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 300 mg L-1 Zn, and maintained at 6.13 U mL-1 in Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 50 mg L-1 Cd. The vegetables' cellulose content was decreased by 25.05-52.37% and 40.28-70.70% under the action of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B and Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B + 300 mg L-1 Zn. Those results demonstrated that Zn could significantly enhance cellulase activity and biodegradability of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to vegetable cellulose. Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B can survive in vegetable soil accumulated with Zn&Cd. The tolerance concentration and adsorption capacity of Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B to Zn were up to 300 mg L-1 and 56.85%, indicating that Bacillus cellulasensis Zn-B acting as a thermostability biological agent had an essential advantage in accelerating the degradation of discarded vegetables by Zn and were beneficial to maintain organic matter content of vegetable soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Huang
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Cenwei Liu
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Gordon W Price
- Department of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China.
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19
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Khan S, Siraj S, Shahid M, Haque MM, Islam A. Osmolytes: Wonder molecules to combat protein misfolding against stress conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123662. [PMID: 36796566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The proper functioning of any protein depends on its three dimensional conformation which is achieved by the accurate folding mechanism. Keeping away from the exposed stress conditions leads to cooperative unfolding and sometimes partial folding, forming the structures like protofibrils, fibrils, aggregates, oligomers, etc. leading to several neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, Cystic fibrosis, Huntington, Marfan syndrome, and also cancers in some cases, too. Hydration of proteins is necessary, which may be achieved by the presence of organic solutes called osmolytes within the cell. Osmolytes belong to different classes in different organisms and play their role by preferential exclusion of osmolytes and preferential hydration of water molecules and achieves the osmotic balance in the cell otherwise it may cause problems like cellular infection, cell shrinkage leading to apoptosis and cell swelling which is also the major injury to the cell. Osmolyte interacts with protein, nucleic acids, intrinsically disordered proteins by non-covalent forces. Stabilizing osmolytes increases the Gibbs free energy of the unfolded protein and decreases that of folded protein and vice versa with denaturants (urea and guanidinium hydrochloride). The efficacy of each osmolyte with the protein is determined by the calculation of m value which reflects its efficiency with protein. Hence osmolytes can be therapeutically considered and used in drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Seerat Siraj
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box: 173, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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20
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Zhang R, Kang R, Tang D. Reductive cell death: the other side of the coin. Cancer Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41417-023-00612-3. [PMID: 37016143 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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21
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Li J, Chang Y. Ozone oxidation of cysteine in optically trapped aqueous micro‐droplets. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202300050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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22
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Mitra A, Mitra A, Sarkar N. Differential effects of DTT on HEWL amyloid fibrillation and fibril morphology at different pH. Biophys Chem 2023; 294:106962. [PMID: 36716681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteins can transform from their native state to a state having fibrillar aggregates characterized by cross β sheet structure. The fibrillar aggregates are known as amyloid and have been linked to several disorders. Disulfide bonds in proteins are one of the important factors that determine the propensity of aggregation. Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) was used by us as a model protein to decipher the role disulfide bonds play in the amyloid fibril formation and fibril morphology by using Dithiothreitol (DTT) as reducing agent at pH 2.7 and pH 7.4. We found that DTT can have different effects on HEWL amyloid depending on pH and the buffer used for preparing the amyloid fibrils. Our studies highlight the critical role of non-native disulfide bonds in amyloidogenesis and how disruption of these bonds can greatly affect the fibrillation process. Overall, these studies throw light on the fibrillation mechanism and can be explored further in designing effective inhibitors against amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranyak Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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23
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Dharpure PD, Behera M, Thube AS, Bhat RG. Base Dependent Rearrangement of Dithiane and Dithiolane under Visible-light Photoredox catalysis. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201128. [PMID: 36630181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The rearrangement of dithiolanes and dithianes to access disulfide-linked-dithioesters under visible-light photoredox catalysis via controlled C-S bond cleavage has been disclosed. Unlike, the usual deprotection of dithioacetals to corresponding aldehydes under the oxidative conditions, we observed unique regioselective oxidative reactivity of five and six membered cyclic dithioacetals to form disulfide-linked-dithioesters by exchanging DMAP and imidazole bases. The generality of the protocol has been demonstrated by exploring a wide range of substrates. As an application, in situ generated thiyl radical has been trapped with disulfides to prepare hetero-disulfides of potential utility. The protocol proved to be practical on gram scale quantity and relied on clean energy source for the transformation. Based on the series of control experiments, cyclic voltammetry and Stern-Volmer studies the plausible mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Dharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mousumi Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana S Thube
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramakrishna G Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Xiao W, Chen Y, Wang C. Quantitative Chemoproteomic Methods for Reactive Cysteinome Profiling. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Xiao
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Peking China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ying Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Peking China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Peking China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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25
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Datola A, Satwekar A, Barron N, DeRosa S, Tomascak B, Dawson J, Palmese A, Rossi M. Comprehensive investigation of a structural variant in a bi-specific, N-and C-terminal Fc-fusion molecule, and its monitoring with LC-MS based method. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:465-481. [PMID: 36333865 PMCID: PMC10100451 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the generation of Fc-fusion molecules to exploit the effector functions of Fc and the fusion partner, towards improving the therapeutic potential. The Fc-fusion molecules have unique structural and functional attributes that impart various advantages. However, the manufacturing of Fc-fusion molecules possesses certain challenges in the biopharmaceutical development. The fusion of unnaturally occurring two or more domains in a construct can pose problems for proper folding and are prone to aggregation and degradation. Reshuffling of disulfide bridges represents a posttranslational event that affects folding. This can play a critical role in the correct structure of a molecule and leads to structural heterogeneity in biotherapeutics; it may also impact the in vivo biological activities, safety, and efficacy of the biopharmaceutical. Our work presents an investigation case of a doublet band, as observed only in nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for a bi-specific, N- and C-terminal Fc-fusion molecule. Other characterization and orthogonal methods from the analytical panel did not indicate the presence of two distinct species, including the orthogonal CE-SDS (Caliper Lab Chip GXII). Therefore, it was necessary to determine if the phenomenon was an analytical artifact or a real variant of our Fc-fusion molecule. With the comprehensive mass spectrometry-based characterization, we were able to determine that the doublet band was related to the reshuffling of one disulfide bridge in one of the fused domains. Our work illustrates the application of nonreducing peptide mapping by mass spectrometry to characterize and identify disulfide variants in a complex N- and C-terminal Fc-fusion molecule, and further adoption to monitor the disulfide structural variants in the intermediate process samples to drive the manufacturing of a consistent product with the desired quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Datola
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization & Innovative Analytics Unit, Global Healthcare Operations A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Serono S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Abhijeet Satwekar
- Merck Serono S.p.A., Rome, Italy.,Global analytical - Pharmaceutical Science & Innovation Global Healthcare Operations, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nadine Barron
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sawako DeRosa
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittany Tomascak
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Dawson
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., EMD Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angelo Palmese
- Analytical Development Biotech, Characterization & Innovative Analytics Unit, Global Healthcare Operations A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Serono S.p.A., Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Rossi
- Merck Serono S.p.A., Rome, Italy.,Global analytical - Pharmaceutical Science & Innovation Global Healthcare Operations, Darmstadt, Germany
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26
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In vitro and in vivo immunogenicity assessment of protein aggregate characteristics. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122490. [PMID: 36521637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity risk of therapeutic protein aggregates has been extensively investigated over the past decades. While it is established that not all aggregates are equally immunogenic, the specific aggregate characteristics, which are most likely to induce an immune response, remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to perform comprehensive in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity assessment of human insulin aggregates varying in size, structure and chemical modifications, while keeping other morphological characteristics constant. We found that flexible aggregates with highly altered secondary structure were most immunogenic in all setups, while compact aggregates with native-like structure were found to be immunogenic primarily in vivo. Moreover, sub-visible (1-100 µm) aggregates were found to be more immunogenic than sub-micron (0.1-1 µm) aggregates, while chemical modifications (deamidation, ethylation and covalent dimers) were not found to have any measurable impact on immunogenicity. The findings highlight the importance of utilizing aggregates varying in few characteristics for assessment of immunogenicity risk of specific morphological features and may provide a workflow for reliable particle analysis in biotherapeutics.
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27
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Di Salvo E, Casciaro M, Giorgianni CM, Cicero N, Gangemi S. Age-Related Diseases and Foods Generating Chlorinative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020249. [PMID: 36829808 PMCID: PMC9952263 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a slow and inexorable process affecting all life beings and is characterised by age-related worsening in adaptation to external changes. Several factors contribute to such a process, and oxidative stress due to external damages is one key player. Of particular interest is the oxidative stress generated from halogen compounds such as chloride. Hypochlorus acid is produced starting from MPO's interaction with hydrogen peroxide. We focused on the oxidation of tyrosine residues by HOCl, which leads as a result to the formation of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr). This molecule, due to its stability, is considered a marker for MPO activity. RESULTS We collected data from literature research articles evaluating chlorinative stress and the effects of 3-ClTyr on chronic diseases linked to aging. As diseases are not the only source of 3-ClTyr in people, we also focused on other origins of chlorinative stress, such as food intake. DISCUSSION Oxidation and halogenation are caused by infectious diseases and by pathologies characterised by inflammation. Moreover, diet could negatively or positively influence chlorinative stress. Comparing 3-ClTyr levels in the oldest and youngest old with age-related diseases and comparing data between different geographic areas with different pesticide rules could be the next challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0902212013
| | - Concetto Mario Giorgianni
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Science4life srl, Spin off Company, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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28
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Dowd A. Elucidating Cellular Metabolism and Protein Difference Data from DIGE Proteomics Experiments Using Enzyme Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2596:399-419. [PMID: 36378453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Assays for measuring enzyme activity can be useful tools for proteomics applications. Enzyme testing can be performed to validate an experimental system prior to a difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) proteomic experiment and can also be utilized as an integral part of multifaceted experiment in conjunction with DIGE. Data from enzyme tests can be used to corroborate results of DIGE proteomic experiments where an enzyme or enzymes are demonstrated by DIGE to be differentially expressed. Enzyme testing can also be utilized to support data from DIGE experiments that demonstrate metabolic changes in a biological system. The different types of enzyme assays that can be performed in conjunction with DIGE experiments are reviewed alongside a discussion of experimental approaches for designing enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dowd
- Croda Europe Limited, Daresbury, Cheshire, UK.
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29
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Jakob LA, Mesurado T, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Increase in cysteine-mediated multimerization under attractive protein-protein interactions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:891-905. [PMID: 36576211 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CASPON enzyme became an interesting enzyme for fusion protein processing because it generates an authentic N-terminus. However, the high cysteine content of the CASPON enzyme may induce aggregation via disulfide-bond formation, which can reduce enzymatic activity and be considered a critical quality attribute. Different multimerization states of the CASPON enzyme were isolated by preparative size exclusion chromatography and analyzed with respect to multimerization propensity and enzymatic activity. The impact of co-solutes on multimerization was studied in solution and in adsorbed state. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions in the presence of different co-solutes were measured by self-interaction chromatography and were then correlated to the multimerization propensity. The dimer was the most stable and active species with 50% higher enzymatic activity than the tetramer. Multimerization was mainly governed by a cysteine-mediated pathway, as indicated by DTT-induced reduction of most caspase multimers. In the presence of ammonium sulfate, attractive protein-protein interactions were consistent with those observed for higher multimerization when the cysteine-mediated pathway was followed. Multimerization was also observed under attractive conditions on a chromatographic stationary phase. These findings corroborate common rules to perform protein purification with low residence time to avoid disulfide bond formation and conformational change of the protein upon adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Jakob
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomás Mesurado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Wei B, Zenaidee MA, Lantz C, Williams BJ, Totten S, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Loo JA. Top-down mass spectrometry and assigning internal fragments for determining disulfide bond positions in proteins. Analyst 2022; 148:26-37. [PMID: 36399030 PMCID: PMC9772244 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01517j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds in proteins have a substantial impact on protein structure, stability, and biological activity. Localizing disulfide bonds is critical for understanding protein folding and higher-order structure. Conventional top-down mass spectrometry (TD-MS), where only terminal fragments are assigned for disulfide-intact proteins, can access disulfide information, but suffers from low fragmentation efficiency, thereby limiting sequence coverage. Here, we show that assigning internal fragments generated from TD-MS enhances the sequence coverage of disulfide-intact proteins by 20-60% by returning information from the interior of the protein sequence, which cannot be obtained by terminal fragments alone. The inclusion of internal fragments can extend the sequence information of disulfide-intact proteins to near complete sequence coverage. Importantly, the enhanced sequence information that arise from the assignment of internal fragments can be used to determine the relative position of disulfide bonds and the exact disulfide connectivity between cysteines. The data presented here demonstrates the benefits of incorporating internal fragment analysis into the TD-MS workflow for analyzing disulfide-intact proteins, which would be valuable for characterizing biotherapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Muhammad A Zenaidee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Li J, Wang Y, Luo Y, Liu Y, Yi Y, Li J, Pan Y, Li W, You W, Hu Q, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Zhang L, Yuan J, Xiao ZXJ. USP5-Beclin 1 axis overrides p53-dependent senescence and drives Kras-induced tumorigenicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7799. [PMID: 36528652 PMCID: PMC9759531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) frequently contain KRAS mutation but retain wild-type TP53. Abundant senescent cells are observed in premalignant but not in malignant tumors derived from the Kras-driven mouse model, suggesting that KRAS oncogenic signaling would have to overcome the intrinsic senescence burden for cancer progression. Here, we show that the nuclear Beclin 1-mediated inhibition of p53-dependent senescence drives Kras-mediated tumorigenesis. KRAS activates USP5 to stabilize nuclear Beclin 1, leading to MDM2-mediated p53 protein instability. KrasG12D mice lacking Beclin 1 display retarded lung tumor growth. Knockdown of USP5 or knockout of Becn1 leads to increased senescence and reduced autophagy. Mechanistically, KRAS elevates ROS to induce USP5 homodimer formation by forming the C195 disulfide bond, resulting in stabilization and activation of USP5. Together, these results demonstrate that activation of the USP5-Beclin 1 axis is pivotal in overriding intrinsic p53-dependent senescence in Kras-driven lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yue Luo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yong Yi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Jinsong Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yang Pan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Weiyuxin Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Wanbang You
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Qingyong Hu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yang Cao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- grid.419611.a0000 0004 0457 9072State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Junying Yuan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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32
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Farhana R, Lei R, Pham K, Derrien V, Cedeño J, Rodriquez V, Bernad S, Lima FF, Miksovska J. Globin X: A highly stable intrinsically hexacoordinate globin. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111976. [PMID: 36058051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several novel members of the vertebrate globin family were recently discovered with unique structural features that are not found in traditional penta-coordinate globins. Here we combine structural tools to better understand and recognize molecular determinants that contribute to the stability of hexacoordinate globin X (GbX) from Danio rerio (zebrafish). pH-induced unfolding data indicates increased stability of GbX with pHmid of 1.9 ± 0.1 for met GbXWT, 2.4 ± 0.1 for met GbXC65A, and 3.4 ± 0.1 for GbXH90V. These results are in good agreement with GbX unfolding experiments using GuHCl, where a ΔGunf 13.8 ± 2.5 kcal mol-1 and 16.3 ± 2.6 kcal mol-1 are observed for metGbXWT, and metGbXC65A constructs, respectively, and diminished stability is measured for GbXH90V, ΔGunf = 9.5 ± 3.6 kcal mol-1. The metGbXWT and metGbXC65A also exhibit high thermal stability (melting points of 118 °C and 107 °C, respectively). Native ion mobility - mass spectrometry (IM-MS) experiments showed a narrow charge state distribution (9-12+) characteristics of a native, structured protein; a single mobility band was observed for the native states. Collision induced unfolding IM-MS experiments showed a two-state transition, in good agreement with the solution studies. GbXWT retains the heme over a wide range of charge states, suggesting strong interactions between the prosthetic group and the apoprotein. The above results indicate that in addition to the disulfide bond and the heme iron hexa-coordination, other structural determinants enhance stability of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Farhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ruipeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Khoa Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Valerie Derrien
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Cedeño
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Veronica Rodriquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sophie Bernad
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Francisco Fernandez Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Biomedical Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Biomedical Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America.
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33
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Hallal S, Tűzesi Á, Grau GE, Buckland ME, Alexander KL. Understanding the extracellular vesicle surface for clinical molecular biology. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12260. [PMID: 36239734 PMCID: PMC9563386 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-membrane enclosed nanoparticles that play significant roles in health and disease. EVs are abundant in body fluids and carry an array of molecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and glycans) that reflect the identity and activity of their cell-of-origin. While the advent of high throughput omics technologies has allowed in-depth characterisation of EV compositions, how these molecular species are spatially distributed within EV structures is not well appreciated. This is particularly true of the EV surface where a plethora of molecules are reported to be both integral and peripherally associated to the EV membrane. This coronal layer or 'atmosphere' that surrounds the EV membrane contributes to a large, highly interactive and dynamic surface area that is responsible for facilitating EV interactions with the extracellular environment. The EV coronal layer harbours surface molecules that reflect the identity of parent cells, which is likely a highly valuable property in the context of diagnostic liquid biopsies. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the mechanical, electrostatic and molecular properties of the EV surface that offer significant biomarker potential and contribute to a highly dynamic interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Neurosurgery DepartmentChris O'Brien LifehouseCamperdownNSWAustralia,Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Ágota Tűzesi
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia,School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Georges E. Grau
- School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Michael E. Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia,School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Kimberley L. Alexander
- Neurosurgery DepartmentChris O'Brien LifehouseCamperdownNSWAustralia,Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia,School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
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34
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Yassin A, Nehmeh B, Kantar SE, Al Kazzaz Y, Akoury E. Synthesis of lanthanide tag and experimental studies on paramagnetically induced residual dipolar couplings. BMC Chem 2022; 16:54. [PMID: 35864525 PMCID: PMC9306141 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an indispensable technique for the structure elucidation of molecules and determination of their characteristic interactions. Residual Dipolar Coupling (RDC) is an NMR parameter that provides global orientation information of molecules but necessitates the use of an anisotropic orientation medium for the partial alignment of the target molecule with respect to the magnetic field. Importantly, anisotropic paramagnetic tags have been successful as orienting media in biomolecular NMR applications but their use in small organic molecules remains imperfect due to challenges in designing functional lanthanide complexes with varying degrees of bonding in the Ln(III) inner coordination sphere. In this study, we propose a strategy for the synthesis of the lanthanide tag 4-mercaptomethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 4-MMDPA and the measurement of RDCs in a target molecule using several paramagnetic lanthanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yassin
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon.,Inorganic and Organometallic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, LCIO, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bilal Nehmeh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Sally El Kantar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon.,TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, CS 60 319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yara Al Kazzaz
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Elias Akoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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35
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Carugo O. Survey of the Intermolecular Disulfide Bonds Observed in Protein Crystal Structures Deposited in the Protein Data Bank. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070986. [PMID: 35888076 PMCID: PMC9323673 DOI: 10.3390/life12070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
About 5% of the disulfide bonds (DBs) observed in the Protein Data Bank bridge two protein chains. Several of their features were comprehensively analyzed, resulting in a structural atlas of the intermolecular DBs. The analysis was performed on a very large set of data extracted from the Protein Data Bank, according to the RaSPDB procedure. It was observed that the two chains tend to have different sequences and belong to the same structural class. Intermolecular DBs tend to be more solvent accessible and less distorted from the most stable conformation than intermolecular DBs while showing similar B-factors. They tend to occur in beta strands and in mainly-beta structures. These and other data should prove useful in protein modelling and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliviero Carugo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Italy & Max Perutz Labs, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria
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36
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Metcalfe C. A Review of Methodologies for the Detection, Quantitation, and Localization of Free Cysteine in Recombinant Proteins: A Focus on Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:886417. [PMID: 35832742 PMCID: PMC9271845 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.886417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-cysteine residues in recombinant biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies can arise from incorrect cellular processing of disulfide bonds during synthesis or by reduction of disulfide bonds during the harvest and purification stage of manufacture. Free cysteines can affect potency, induce aggregation, and decrease the stability of therapeutic proteins, and the levels and positions of free cysteines in proteins are closely monitored by both manufacturers and regulators to ensure safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the latest methodologies for the detection and quantification of free cysteines.
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Vishvakarma R, Mishra A. Characterization of a Novel Protease Inhibitor from the Edible Mushroom
Agaricus bisporus. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:460-472. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220405161903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Protease inhibitors inhibit the activity of protease enzymes, hence are essentially involved in the regulation of the metabolic processes involving protease enzymes and protection the host organism against external damage due to proteases. These inhibitors are abundantly present in all living organisms but have not been much reported in mushrooms. Mushrooms are one of the major food components of humans with delicious taste and high nutritional value. Mushrooms also have therapeutic and economic significance. The edible mushrooms with medicinal properties are much in commercial demand. To date, the presence of protease inhibitors has not been reported much in edible mushrooms. The present study reports the characterization of a protease inhibitor isolated from the common white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus.
Objective:
The objective of the present study is to characterize the novel protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus to determine its nature and activity at varying environmental conditions.
Method:
The protease inhibitor was characterized through SDS PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, and de novo sequencing to determine its molecular mass, and sequence respectively. The optimum pH and temperature, and the pH and thermal stability were studied to determine the optimum working range of the protease inhibitor. The protease inhibitory activity (%) was determined in presence of metal ions, surfactants, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. The kinetic parameters and the type of inhibition exhibited by the protease inhibitor were determined using casein and trypsin protease enzyme.
Results:
The protease inhibitor was found to be a low molecular mass compound of 25 kDa. The de novo sequencing matched the inhibitor against a 227 amino acid containing peptide molecular mass of 24.6 kDa molecular mass. The protease inhibitory activity (%) was found highest at pH 7.0 and temperature 50 0C, and was stable from pH 4.0-9.0 and temperature 30-80 0C. In presence of metal ions, the residual protease inhibitory activity (%) enhanced in presence of Na+, Mg2+, and Fe3+. The residual activity increased in presence of the surfactant SDS slightly in comparison to control, while decreased in the case of Triton-X and Tween 20. The presence of oxidizing agents, hydrogen peroxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide decreased the residual inhibitory activity. The protease inhibitor was unaffected by the reducing agents: dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol up to 2mM concentration but decreased at higher concentrations. The inhibitor exhibited uncompetitive inhibition against trypsin with an inhibitory constant of 166 nM, indicating a strong affinity towards the protease, with a half-life of 93.90 minutes at 37 0C.
Conclusion:
Protease inhibitors isolated from mushrooms are generally small in size, more stable, and tolerant towards varying external conditions. The protease inhibitor isolated from Agaricus bisporus also exhibited similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Vishvakarma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226026, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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38
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Ishikawa S, Ishikawa H, Sato A. Improved Refolding of a Human IgG1 Fc (CH2-CH3) Scaffold from Its Inclusion Body in E. coli by Alkaline Solubilization. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:284-291. [PMID: 35228394 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a platform strategy for hinge-deficient human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc fusion as a non-immunostimulatory Fc fusion system. As a starting point to establish a promising approach for generating hinge-deficient Fc fusion proteins in Escherichia (E.) coli, we selected a CH2-CH3 scaffold as a model protein for evaluation. Recombinant CH2-CH3, expressed as inclusion bodies, was solubilized with various denaturants (urea, sarkosyl, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), or Triton X-100) in neutral (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 8) or alkaline (50 or 500 mM N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (CAPS), pH 11) buffer at 25 °C. Similar to the authentic CH2-CH3 produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, all denaturants, except urea in CAPS buffer but not in PBS, were found to elicit the dimer formation of solubilized CH2-CH3 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). After dialysis with PBS, sarkosyl-soluble CH2-CH3 inclusion bodies were successfully purified using protein G-Sepharose, indicating their successful refolding. Compared to the purified CH2-CH3 from its sarkosyl-soluble inclusion bodies in neutral buffer, that in 500 mM CAPS alkaline buffer revealed substantial structure-related similarities, such as secondary structures and thermal stabilities, as measured by circular dichroism spectroscopy, to authentic CH2-CH3. Native PAGE analysis also supported the above data. Therefore, solubilization at alkaline pH is an essential factor that promotes the refolding of CH2-CH3. Dimer formation of CH2-CH3 on SDS-PAGE may act as a surrogate marker for its protein refolding status. Our observations may provide important hints toward downstream processing of Fc-fusion production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Show Ishikawa
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Haruna Ishikawa
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
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da Silveira LM, Pedra NS, Bona NP, Spohr L, da Silva Dos Santos F, Saraiva JT, Alvez FL, de Moraes Meine B, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM, Soares MSP. Selective in vitro anticancer effect of blueberry extract (Vaccinium virgatum) against C6 rat glioma: exploring their redox status. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:439-449. [PMID: 34748129 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer potential of blueberry extract (Vaccinium virgatum) against a C6 rat glioma lineage. Cultures of the C6 cells were exposed to blueberry extract at concentrations of 50 to 600 µg/mL for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h and then evaluated for cell viability, proliferation, migration, colony formation and oxidative stress. We also evaluated the effects of blueberry extract on primary rat cortical astrocytes. Our results show that treatment with blueberry extract did not alter the viability or proliferation of normal primary astrocytes but it did significantly reduce the viability in 21.54 % after 48 h and proliferation in 8.59 % after 24 h of C6 cells at 200 µg/mL. We also observed a reduction in the size of the colonies of 29.99 % at 100 µg/mL when compared to the control cells and cell migration was also reduced at 50 µg/mL. After 72 h, there was a reduction in the reactive oxygen species levels ranging from 46.26 to 34.73 %, in addition to a 380.2 % increase in total thiol content. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities were also enhanced when compared to the control. Taken together this data suggests that blueberry extract exerts some selective anticancer activity in C6 glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Stark Pedra
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli da Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Torchelsen Saraiva
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopez Alvez
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo de Moraes Meine
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário S/N, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
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40
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Saikrithika S, Shaju A, Dinesh B, Kumar AS. In-situ scanning electrochemical microscopy interrogation on open-circuit release of toxic Ni2+ ion from Ni-containing carbon nanomaterials and nickel-hexacyanoferrate formation in physiological pH and its thiol-electrocatalysis relevance. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Punch E, Klein J, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Morawietz H, Garelnabi M. Effects of PCSK9 Targeting: Alleviating Oxidation, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023328. [PMID: 35048716 PMCID: PMC9238481 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the large arteries, atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, the leading contributor of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated plasma cholesterol levels and chronic inflammation within the arterial plaque are major mediators of plaque initiation, progression, and instability. In 2003, the protein PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) was discovered to play a critical role in cholesterol regulation, thus becoming a key player in the mechanisms behind atherosclerotic plaque development. Emerging evidence suggests that PCSK9 could potentially have effects on atherosclerosis that are independent of cholesterol levels. The objective of this review was to discuss the role on PCSK9 in oxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. This function activates proinflammatory cytokine production and affects oxidative modifications within atherosclerotic lesions, revealing its more significant role in atherosclerosis. Although a variety of evidence demonstrates that PCSK9 plays a role in atherosclerotic inflammation, the direct mechanism of involvement is still unknown, driving a gap in knowledge to such a predominant player in cardiovascular disease. Investigation of proteins structurally related to PCSK9 may interestingly be the link in unveiling the mechanistic role of this protein’s involvement in oxidation and inflammation. Importantly, the unique structure of PCSK9 bears structural homology to a one‐of‐a‐kind domain found in the metabolic protein resistin, which is responsible for many of the same inflammatory outcomes as PCSK9. Closing this gap in knowledge of PCSK9`s role in atherosclerotic oxidation and inflammation will provide fundamental information for understanding, preventing, and treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Punch
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell MA
| | - Justus Klein
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation Department of Medicine III University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Mahdi Garelnabi
- Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell MA
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42
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Pryshchepa O, Sagandykova G, Rudnicka J, Pomastowski P, Sprynskyy M, Buszewski B. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of zinc-lactoferrin complexes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1940-1958. [PMID: 35033339 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One trend of the modern world is the search for new biologically active substances based on renewable resources. Milk proteins can be a solution for such purposes as they have been known for a long time as compounds that can be used for the manufacturing of multiple food and non-food products. Thus, the goal of the work was to investigate the parameters of Zn-bovine lactoferrin (bLTF) interactions, which enables the synthesis of Zn-rich protein complexes. Zinc-bLTF complexes can be used as food additives or wound-healing agents. Methodology of the study included bLTF characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry as well Zn-bLTF interactions by attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The obtained results revealed that the factors that affect Zn-bLTF interactions most significantly were found to be pH and ionic strength of the solution and, in particular, the concentration of Zn2+. These findings imply that these factors should be considered when aiming at the synthesis of Zn-bLTF metallocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Pryshchepa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Rudnicka
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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43
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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Arslan M, Sanyal A. Benzothiazole-disulfide based redox-responsive polymers: facile access to reversibly functionalizable polymeric coatings. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox-responsive polymers and polymeric coatings containing benzothiazole-disulfide groups provide facile access to reversibly functionalizable platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova 77200, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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44
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The role of intra and inter-molecular disulfide bonds in modulating amyloidogenesis: A review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 716:109113. [PMID: 34958750 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
All proteins have the inherent ability to undergo transformation from their native structure to a β sheet rich fibrillar structure, called amyloid when subjected to specific conditions. Proteins with a high propensity to form amyloid fibrils have been implicated in a variety of disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Type II diabetes, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and prion diseases. Among the various critical factors that modulate the process of amyloid formation, disulfide bonds have been identified as one of the key determinants of amyloid propensity in proteins. Studies have shown that intra-molecular disulfide bonds impart stability to the native structure of a protein and decrease the tendency for amyloid aggregation, whereas intermolecular disulfide bonds aid in the process of aggregation. In this review, we will analyze the varying effects of both intra as well as inter-molecular disulfide bonds on the amyloid aggregation propensities of a few proteins associated with amyloid disorders.
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45
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Comamala G, Krogh CC, Nielsen VS, Kutter JP, Voglmeir J, Rand KD. Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry with Integrated Electrochemical Reduction and Microchip-Enabled Deglycosylation for Epitope Mapping of Heavily Glycosylated and Disulfide-Bonded Proteins. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16330-16340. [PMID: 34843209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a recognized method to study protein conformational dynamics and interactions. Proteins encompassing post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as disulfide bonds and glycosylations, present challenges to HDX-MS, as disulfide bond reduction and deglycosylation is often required to extract HDX information from regions containing these PTMs. In-solution deglycosylation with peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminyl)-asparagine amidase A (PNGase A) or PNGase H+ combined with chemical reduction using tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) has previously been used for HDX-MS analysis of disulfide-linked glycoproteins. However, this workflow requires extensive manual sample preparation and consumes large amounts of enzyme. Furthermore, large amounts of TCEP and glycosidases often result in suboptimal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) performance. Here, we compare the in-solution activity of PNGase A, PNGase H+, and the newly discovered PNGase Dj under quench conditions and immobilize them onto thiol-ene microfluidic chips to create HDX-MS-compatible immobilized microfluidic enzyme reactors (IMERs). The IMERS retain deglycosylation activity, also following repeated use and long-term storage. Furthermore, we combine a PNGase Dj IMER, a pepsin IMER, and an electrochemical cell to develop an HDX-MS setup capable of efficient online disulfide-bond reduction, deglycosylation, and proteolysis. We demonstrate the applicability of this setup by mapping the epitope of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the heavily disulfide-bonded and glycosylated sema-domain of the tyrosine-protein kinase Met (SD c-Met). We achieve near-complete sequence coverage and extract HDX data to identify regions of SD c-Met involved in mAb binding. The described methodology thus presents an integrated and online workflow for improved HDX-MS analysis of challenging PTM-rich proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Comamala
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla C Krogh
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe S Nielsen
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Albuquerque W, Seidel L, Zorn H, Will F, Gand M. Haze Formation and the Challenges for Peptidases in Wine Protein Fining. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14402-14414. [PMID: 34823353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To meet consumer expectations, white wines must be clear and stable against haze formation. Temperature variations during transport and storage may induce protein aggregation, mainly caused by thaumatin like-proteins (TLPs) and chitinases (CHIs), which thus need to be fined before bottling of the wine. Currently, bentonite clay is employed to inhibit or minimize haze formation in wines. Alternatively, peptidases have emerged as an option for the removal of these thermolabile proteins, although their efficacy under winemaking conditions has not yet been fully demonstrated. The simultaneous understanding of the chemistry behind the cleavage of haze proteins and the haze formation may orchestrate alternative methods of technological and economic importance in winemaking. Therefore, we provide an overview of wine fining by peptidases, and new perspectives are developed to reopen discussions on the aforementioned challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell Albuquerque
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Leif Seidel
- Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Martin Gand
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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47
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Hartmann RW, Pijnappel M, Nilvebrant J, Helgudottir HR, Asbjarnarson A, Traustadottir GA, Gudjonsson T, Nygren PÅ, Lehmann F, Odell LR. The Wittig bioconjugation of maleimide derived, water soluble phosphonium ylides to aldehyde-tagged proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10417-10423. [PMID: 34817496 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose the transformation of maleimides into water-soluble tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphonium ylides and their subsequent application in the bioconjugation of protein- and peptide-linked aldehydes. The new entry into Wittig bioconjugate chemistry proceeds under mild conditions and relies on highly water soluble reagents, which are likely already part of most biochemists' inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael W Hartmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings allé 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomediciniska Centrum, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagsvägen 30B, 10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Run Helgudottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Asbjarnarson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspítali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagsvägen 30B, 10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings allé 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomediciniska Centrum, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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48
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Ding L, Sun W, Balaz M, He A, Klug M, Wieland S, Caiazzo R, Raverdy V, Pattou F, Lefebvre P, Lodhi IJ, Staels B, Heim M, Wolfrum C. Peroxisomal β-oxidation acts as a sensor for intracellular fatty acids and regulates lipolysis. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1648-1661. [PMID: 34903883 PMCID: PMC8688145 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To liberate fatty acids (FAs) from intracellular stores, lipolysis is regulated by the activity of the lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase. Excessive FA release as a result of uncontrolled lipolysis results in lipotoxicity, which can in turn promote the progression of metabolic disorders. However, whether cells can directly sense FAs to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis is unknown. Here we report a sensing mechanism for cellular FAs based on peroxisomal degradation of FAs and coupled with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn regulates FA release by modulating lipolysis. Changes in ROS levels are sensed by PEX2, which modulates ATGL levels through post-translational ubiquitination. We demonstrate the importance of this pathway for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression using genetic and pharmacological approaches to alter ROS levels in vivo, which can be utilized to increase hepatic ATGL levels and ameliorate hepatic steatosis. The discovery of this peroxisomal β-oxidation-mediated feedback mechanism, which is conserved in multiple organs, couples the functions of peroxisomes and lipid droplets and might serve as a new way to manipulate lipolysis to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianggong Ding
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anyuan He
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manuel Klug
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wieland
- Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, Inserm, UMR1190 Translational Research in Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, Inserm, UMR1190 Translational Research in Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- University Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, Inserm, UMR1190 Translational Research in Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Irfan J Lodhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Markus Heim
- Hepatology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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49
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Perk B, Büyüksünetçi YT, Hakli Ö, Xue C, Li Q, Anik Ü. Centri‐Voltammetric GSH Detection with PDI‐C
4
SH as a Carrier Material. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benay Perk
- Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Kotekli Mugla/ Turkey
| | | | - Özgül Hakli
- Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Kotekli Mugla/ Turkey
| | - Chenming Xue
- Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 United States
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 United States
| | - Ülkü Anik
- Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Kotekli Mugla/ Turkey
- Sensors, Biosensors and Nano-Diagnostics Systems Lab Research Laboratory Center Mugla Sitki Kocman University Kotekli-Mugla/ Turkey
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50
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Schneider KT, Kirmann T, Wenzel EV, Grosch JH, Polten S, Meier D, Becker M, Matejtschuk P, Hust M, Russo G, Dübel S. Shelf-Life Extension of Fc-Fused Single Chain Fragment Variable Antibodies by Lyophilization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:717689. [PMID: 34869052 PMCID: PMC8634725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.717689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of sequence defined antibodies from universal libraries by phage display has been established over the past three decades as a robust method to cope with the increasing market demand in therapy, diagnostics and research. For applications requiring the bivalent antigen binding and an Fc part for detection, phage display generated single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments can rapidly be genetically fused to the Fc moiety of an IgG for the production in eukaryotic cells of antibodies with IgG-like properties. In contrast to conversion of scFv into IgG format, the conversion to scFv-Fc requires only a single cloning step, and provides significantly higher yields in transient cell culture production than IgG. ScFv-Fcs can be effective as neutralizing antibodies in vivo against a panel of pathogens and toxins. However, different scFv fragments are more heterologous in respect of stability than Fab fragments. While some scFv fragments can be made extremely stable, this may change due to few mutations, and is not predictable from the sequence of a newly selected antibody. To mitigate the necessity to assess the stability for every scFv-Fc antibody, we developed a generic lyophilization protocol to improve their shelf life. We compared long-term stability and binding activity of phage display-derived antibodies in the scFv-Fc and IgG format, either stored in liquid or lyophilized state. Conversion of scFv-Fcs into the full IgG format reduced protein degradation and aggregation, but in some cases compromised binding activity. Comparably to IgG conversion, lyophilization of scFv-Fc resulted in the preservation of the antibodies' initial properties after storage, without any drop in affinity for any of the tested antibody clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Toni Kirmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Grosch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saskia Polten
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Doris Meier
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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