1
|
Galhom RA, Ali SNS, El-Fark MMO, Ali MHM, Hussein HH. Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells administration in hyperlipidemia-induced aortic atherosclerosis in adult male albino rats. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102498. [PMID: 39079452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common disease seriously detrimental to human health. AS is a chronic progressive disease related to inflammatory reactions. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the effects of adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in a rat model. The present study comprises thirty-six rats and they were divided into three groups: the control group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group; which received a high-fat diet, and the high-fat diet + stem cells (HFD+SC) group; which was fed with a high-fat diet along with the administration of intravenous ADSCs. Food was given to the animals for 20 weeks to establish dyslipidemia models. After 20 weeks, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation; blood was collected to measure total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL); aortae were collected to detect morphologic changes. Rats of the HFD group showed a significant increase in body weight (B.Wt), altered lipid profile increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, in HFD+SC there was a significant decrease in body weight gain and an improvement in lipid profile. Histopathological and ultrastructural variations observed in the aorta of the HFD group when treated with ADSCs showed preserved normal histological architecture and reduced atherosclerosis compared with the HFD group. This was evidenced by laboratory, histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies. Thus, ADSCs reduced TC, TG, and LDL, reduced the expression of iNOS, and increased the expression of eNOS. The high-fat diet was likely to cause damage to the wall of blood vessels. Systemically transplanted ADSCs could home to the aorta, and further protect the aorta from HFD-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Galhom
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Egypt.
| | - Saleh Nasser Saleh Ali
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen.
| | - Magdy Mohamed Omar El-Fark
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mona Hassan Mohammed Ali
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Hoda Hassan Hussein
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santi L, Beretta S, Berti M, Savoia EO, Passerini L, Mancino M, De Ponti G, Alberti G, Quaranta P, Basso-Ricci L, Avanzini MA, Merelli I, Scala S, Ferrari S, Aiuti A, Bernardo ME, Crippa S. Transcriptomic analysis of BM-MSCs identified EGR1 as a transcription factor to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119818. [PMID: 39168411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are key components of the BM niche, where they regulate hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis by direct contact and secreting soluble factors. BM-MSCs also protect the BM niche from excessive inflammation by releasing anti-inflammatory factors and modulating immune cell activity. Thanks to these properties, BM-MSCs were successfully employed in pre-clinical HSPC transplantation models, increasing the rate of HSPC engraftment, accelerating the hematological reconstitution, and reducing the risk of graft failure. However, their clinical use requires extensive in vitro expansion, potentially altering their biological and functional properties. In this work, we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of human BM-MSCs sorted as CD45-, CD105+, CD73+, and CD90+ cells from the BM aspirates of heathy-donors and corresponding ex-vivo expanded BM-MSCs. We found the expression of immune and inflammatory genes downregulated upon cell culture and selected the transcription factor EGR1 to restore the MSC properties. We overexpressed EGR1 in BM-MSCs and performed in vitro tests to study the functional properties of EGR1-overexpressing BM-MSCs. We concluded that EGR1 increased the MSC response to inflammatory stimuli and immune cell control and potentiated the MSC hematopoietic supportive activity in co-culture assay, suggesting that the EGR1-based reprogramming may improve the BM-MSC clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Beretta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Evelyn Oliva Savoia
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Passerini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Mancino
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Alberti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Quaranta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; "Vita Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; "Vita Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; "Vita Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Planken S, De Becker A, Kerre T, Schoemans H, Baron F, Graux C, Van Riet I, Lechanteur C, Baudoux E, Schots R, Beguin Y. Feasibility of co-transplantation of umbilical cord blood and third-party mesenchymal stromal cells after (non)myeloablative conditioning in patients with hematological malignancies. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103466. [PMID: 39213720 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2024.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of stem cells for patients lacking a 9/10 or 10/10 HLA identical donor. However, after UCB transplantation, time to engraftment and immune recovery are prolonged, increasing the risk of fatal complications. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can support hematopoietic engraftment and have immunosuppressive effects. The primary objective of this phase I/II multicenter study was to determine the feasibility and safety of UCB transplantation with co-infusion of third party MSC, as assessed by treatment related mortality (TRM) at day 100. Secondary objectives were engraftment, immune recovery, occurrence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), infections, disease free survival, relapse incidence and overall survival. Eleven patients were grafted according to this protocol. Allogeneic transplantation after co-infusion appears feasible with 18 % TRM at day 100. Engraftment data show a median time of 16 days to neutrophil and 27 days to platelet recovery, which is shorter than what is usually reported after UCB transplantation. Only 1 episode of acute GVHD was reported. In conclusion, MSC and UCB co-transplantation is feasible and might help overcome some of the drawbacks of UCB transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Planken
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium and Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ann De Becker
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium and Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tessa Kerre
- UZ Gent, Department of Hematology - SCT Unit, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hélène Schoemans
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, ACCENT VV, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- CHU Sart-Tilman, Department of Hematology, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- CHU UCL Namur - Godinne, Department of Hematology, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium and Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Baudoux
- CHU Sart-Tilman, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Hematology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium and Research Group Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- CHU Sart-Tilman, Department of Hematology, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadeghi M, Moslehi A, Kheiry H, Kiani FK, Zarei A, Khodakarami A, Karpisheh V, Masjedi A, Rahnama B, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Raeisi M, Yousefi M, Movasaghpour Akbari AA, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia cells to cytarabine is increased by suppressing the expression of Heme oxygenase-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38918761 PMCID: PMC11197338 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignancy Often resistant to common chemotherapy regimens (Cytarabine (Ara-c) + Daunorubicin (DNR)), is accompanied by frequent relapses. Many factors are involved in causing chemoresistance. Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) are two of the most well-known genes, reported to be overexpressed in AML and promote resistance against chemotherapy according to several studies. The main chemotherapy agent used for AML treatment is Ara-c. We hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of HO-1 and HIF-1α could sensitize AML cells to Ara-c. METHOD In this study, we used our recently developed, Trans-Activator of Transcription (TAT) - Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Dextran (CCMD) - Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) - Nanoparticles (NPs), to deliver Ara-c along with siRNA molecules against the HO-1 and HIF-1α genes to AML primary cells (ex vivo) and cell lines including THP-1, KG-1, and HL-60 (in vitro). Subsequently, the effect of the single or combinational treatment on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation was evaluated. RESULTS The designed NPs had a high potential in transfecting cells with siRNAs and drug. The results demonstrated that treatment of cells with Ara-c elevated the generation of ROS in the cells while decreasing the proliferation potential. Following the silencing of HO-1, the rate of apoptosis and ROS generation in response to Ara-c increased significantly. While proliferation and growth inhibition were considerably evident in HIF-1α-siRNA-transfected-AML cells compared to cells treated with free Ara-c. We found that the co-inhibition of genes could further sensitize AML cells to Ara-c treatment. CONCLUSIONS As far as we are aware, this study is the first to simultaneously inhibit the HO-1 and HIF-1α genes in AML using NPs. It can be concluded that HO-1 causes chemoresistance by protecting cells from ROS damage. Whereas, HIF-1α mostly exerts prolific and direct anti-apoptotic effects. These findings imply that simultaneous inhibition of HO-1 and HIF-1α can overcome Ara-c resistance and help improve the prognosis of AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadeghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asma Moslehi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Kheiry
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Karoon Kiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asieh Zarei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Khodakarami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Badrossadat Rahnama
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan Z, Chen YF, Pan Q, Wang Y, Yuan S, Chin HY, Wu HH, Lin WT, Cheng PY, Yang YJ, Wang YF, Kumta SM, Lee CW, Lee OKS. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the effectiveness of cytokine priming irrespective of heterogeneity in mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1155-1166. [PMID: 37715776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are recognized as a potential cell-based therapy for regenerative medicine. Short-term inflammatory cytokine pre-stimulation (cytokine priming) is a promising approach to enhance regenerative efficacy of MSCs. However, it is unclear whether their intrinsic heterogenic nature causes an unequal response to cytokine priming, which might blunt the accessibility of clinical applications. METHODS In this study, by analyzing the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human bone marrow MSCs from a naïve to cytokine-primed state, we elucidated the potential mechanism of superior therapeutic potential in cytokine-primed MSCs. RESULTS We found that cytokine-primed MSCs had a distinct transcriptome landscape. Although substantial heterogeneity was identified within the population in both naïve and primed states, cytokine priming enhanced the several characteristics of MSCs associated with therapeutic efficacy irrespective of heterogeneity. After cytokine-priming, all sub-clusters of MSCs possessed high levels of immunoregulatory molecules, trophic factors, stemness-related genes, anti-apoptosis markers and low levels of multi-lineage and senescence signatures, which are critical for their therapeutic potency. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results provide new insights into MSC heterogeneity under cytokine stimulation and suggest that cytokine priming reprogrammed MSCs independent of heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Limb Reconstruction/Paediatric Orthopaedics, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Fan Chen
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Limb Reconstruction/Paediatric Orthopaedics, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Yen Chin
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Cheng
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jung Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shekhar Madhukar Kumta
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics & Regenerative Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kouroupis D, Kaplan LD, Huard J, Best TM. CD10-Bound Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Possess Immunomodulatory Cargo and Maintain Cartilage Homeostasis under Inflammatory Conditions. Cells 2023; 12:1824. [PMID: 37508489 PMCID: PMC10377825 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of human inflammatory joint diseases are strongly associated with the activation of resident synovium/infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) pro-inflammatory and pain-transmitting signaling. We recently reported that intra-articularly injected IFP-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (IFP-MSC) acquire a potent immunomodulatory phenotype and actively degrade substance P (SP) via neutral endopeptidase CD10 (neprilysin). Our hypothesis is that IFP-MSC robust immunomodulatory therapeutic effects are largely exerted via their CD10-bound small extracellular vesicles (IFP-MSC sEVs) by attenuating synoviocyte pro-inflammatory activation and articular cartilage degradation. Herein, IFP-MSC sEVs were isolated from CD10High- and CD10Low-expressing IFP-MSC cultures and their sEV miRNA cargo was assessed using multiplex methods. Functionally, we interrogated the effect of CD10High and CD10Low sEVs on stimulated by inflammatory/fibrotic cues synoviocyte monocultures and cocultures with IFP-MSC-derived chondropellets. Finally, CD10High sEVs were tested in vivo for their therapeutic capacity in an animal model of acute synovitis/fat pad fibrosis. Our results showed that CD10High and CD10Low sEVs possess distinct miRNA profiles. Reactome analysis of miRNAs highly present in sEVs showed their involvement in the regulation of six gene groups, particularly those involving the immune system. Stimulated synoviocytes exposed to IFP-MSC sEVs demonstrated significantly reduced proliferation and altered inflammation-related molecular profiles compared to control stimulated synoviocytes. Importantly, CD10High sEV treatment of stimulated chondropellets/synoviocyte cocultures indicated significant chondroprotective effects. Therapeutically, CD10High sEV treatment resulted in robust chondroprotective effects by retaining articular cartilage structure/composition and PRG4 (lubricin)-expressing cartilage cells in the animal model of acute synovitis/IFP fibrosis. Our study suggests that CD10High sEVs possess immunomodulatory miRNA attributes with strong chondroprotective/anabolic effects for articular cartilage in vivo. The results could serve as a foundation for sEV-based therapeutics for the resolution of detrimental aspects of immune-mediated inflammatory joint changes associated with conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA (T.M.B.)
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lee D. Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA (T.M.B.)
| | - Johnny Huard
- Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA;
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA (T.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sadeghi M, Fathi M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Mohammadi H, Yousefi M, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Namdar A, Movasaghpour Akbari AA, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The prognostic and therapeutic potential of HO-1 in leukemia and MDS. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:57. [PMID: 36915102 PMCID: PMC10009952 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a heme-degrading enzyme, is proven to have anti-apoptotic effects in several malignancies. In addition, HO-1 is reported to cause chemoresistance and increase cell survival. Growing evidence indicates that HO-1 contributes to the course of hematological malignancies as well. Here, the expression pattern, prognostic value, and the effect of HO-1 targeting in HMs are discussed. MAIN BODY According to the recent literature, it was discovered that HO-1 is overexpressed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and is associated with high-risk disease. Furthermore, in addition to HO-1 expression by leukemic and MDS cells, CML, AML, and ALL leukemic stem cells express this protein as well, making it a potential target for eliminating minimal residual disease (MRD). Moreover, it was concluded that HO-1 induces tumor progression and prevents apoptosis through various pathways. CONCLUSION HO-1 has great potential in determining the prognosis of leukemia and MDS patients. HO-1 induces resistance to several chemotherapeutic agents as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and following its inhibition, chemo-sensitivity increases. Moreover, the exact role of HO-1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is yet unknown. While findings illustrate that MDS and other leukemic patients could benefit from HO-1 targeting. Future studies can help broaden our knowledge regarding the role of HO-1 in MDS and leukemia. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadeghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
CD146+ Endometrial-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Subpopulation Possesses Exosomal Secretomes with Strong Immunomodulatory miRNA Attributes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244002. [PMID: 36552765 PMCID: PMC9777070 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The perivascular localization of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSC) allows them to sense local and distant tissue damage, promoting tissue repair and healing. Our hypothesis is that eMSC therapeutic effects are largely exerted via their exosomal secretome (eMSC EXOs) by targeting the immune system and angiogenic modulation. For this purpose, EXOs isolated from Crude and CD146+ eMSC populations were compared for their miRNA therapeutic signatures and immunomodulatory functionality under inflammatory conditions. eMSC EXOs profiling revealed 121 in Crude and 88 in CD146+ miRNAs, with 82 commonly present in both populations. Reactome and KEGG analysis of miRNAs highly present in eMSC EXOs indicated their involvement among others in immune system regulation. From the commonly present miRNAs, four miRNAs (hsa-miR-320e, hsa-miR-182-3p, hsa-miR-378g, hsa-let-7e-5p) were more enriched in CD146+ eMSC EXOs. These miRNAs are involved in macrophage polarization, T cell activation, and regulation of inflammatory cytokine transcription (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Functionally, stimulated macrophages exposed to eMSC EXOs demonstrated a switch towards an alternate M2 status and reduced phagocytic capacity compared to stimulated alone. However, eMSC EXOs did not suppress stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, but significantly reduced secretion of 13 pro-inflammatory molecules compared to stimulated alone. In parallel, two anti-inflammatory proteins, IL-10 and IL-13, showed higher secretion, especially upon CD146+ eMSC EXO exposure. Our study suggests that eMSC, and even more, the CD146+ subpopulation, possess exosomal secretomes with strong immunomodulatory miRNA attributes. The resulting evidence could serve as a foundation for eMSC EXO-based therapeutics for the resolution of detrimental aspects of tissue inflammation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu L, Wang S, Qu J, Hui Z, Kan C, Hou N, Sun X. The Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:329-342. [PMID: 35877064 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in many tissues and can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes. MSC administration has demonstrated therapeutic potential in various degenerative and inflammatory diseases (e.g., graft-vs.-host disease, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, organ fibrosis, and diabetes mellitus [DM]). The mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of MSCs are multifaceted. Generally, implanted MSCs can migrate to sites of injury, where they establish an anti-inflammatory and regenerative microenvironment in damaged tissues. In addition, MSCs can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses through immunosuppressive mechanisms that involve immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immunomodulatory factors. DM has a high prevalence worldwide; it also contributes to a high rate of mortality worldwide. MSCs offer a promising therapeutic agent to prevent or repair damage from DM and diabetic complications through properties such as multilineage differentiation, homing, promotion of angiogenesis, and immunomodulation (e.g., prevention of oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cell death). In this study, we review current findings regarding the immunomodulatory and regenerative mechanisms of MSCs, as well as their therapeutic applications in DM and DM-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - JunSheng Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zongguang Hui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Becker A, Heestermans R, De Brouwer W, Bockstaele K, Maes K, Van Riet I. Genetic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after in vitro expansion in clinical grade human platelet lysate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1008271. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1008271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic cells that have a broad therapeutic potential. To obtain sufficient cells for clinical application, they must be expanded ex vivo. In the initial expansion protocols described, fetal calf serum (FCS) was used as the reference growth supplement, but more recently different groups started to replace FCS with platelet lysate (PL). We investigated in this study the impact of the culture supplement on gene expression of MSCs. Human bone marrow derived MSCs were expanded in vitro in FCS and PL supplemented medium. We found that MSCs expanded in PL-containing medium (PL-MSCs) express typical MSC immunomorphological features and can migrate, as their counterparts expanded in FCS-containing medium, through a layer of endothelial cells in vitro. Additionally, they show an increased proliferation rate compared to MSCs expanded in FCS medium (FCS-MSCs). RNA sequencing performed for MSCs cultured in both types of expansion medium revealed a large impact of the choice of growth supplement on gene expression: 1974 genes were at least twofold up- or downregulated. We focused on impact of genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Our data showed that PL-MSCs express more anti-apoptotic genes and FCS-MSCs more pro-apoptotic genes. FCS-MSCs showed upregulation of senescence-related genes after four passages whereas this was rarer in PL-MSCs at the same timepoint. Since PL-MSCs show higher proliferation rates and anti-apoptotic gene expression, they might acquire features that predispose them to malignant transformation. We screened 10 MSC samples expanded in PL-based medium for the presence of tumor-associated genetic variants using a 165 gene panel and detected only 21 different genetic variants. According to our analysis, none of these were established pathogenic mutations. Our data show that differences in culture conditions such as growth supplement have a significant impact on the gene expression profile of MSCs and favor the use of PL over FCS for expansion of MSCs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Aru B, Gürel G, Yanikkaya Demirel G. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: History, Characteristics and an Overview of Their Therapeutic Administration. TURKISH JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/tji.galenos.2022.18209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Jia Y, Wang A, Zhao B, Wang C, Su R, Zhang B, Fan Z, Zeng Q, He L, Pei X, Yue W. An optimized method for obtaining clinical-grade specific cell subpopulations from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13300. [PMID: 35768999 PMCID: PMC9528761 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous populations with broad application prospects in cell therapy, and using specific subpopulations of MSCs can enhance their particular capability under certain conditions and achieve better therapeutic effects. However, no studies have reported how to obtain high‐quality specific MSC subpopulations in vitro culture. Here, for the first time, we established a general operation process for obtaining high‐quality clinical‐grade cell subpopulations from human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC‐MSCs) based on particular markers. We used the MSC‐CD106+ subpopulations, whose biological function has been well documented, as an example to explore and optimize the crucial links of primary preparation, pre‐treatment, antibody incubation, flow sorting, quality and function test. After comprehensively evaluating the quality and function of the acquired MSC‐CD106+ subpopulations, including in vitro cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, marker stability, adhesion ability, migration ability, tubule formation ability, immunomodulatory function and in vivo wound healing ability and proangiogenic activity, we defined an important pre‐treatment scheme which might effectively improve the therapeutic efficiency of MSC‐CD106+ subpopulations in two critical clinical application scenarios—direct injection after cell sorting and post‐culture injection into bodies. Based on the above, we tried to establish a general five‐step operation procedure for acquiring high‐quality clinical‐grade MSC subpopulations based on specific markers, which cannot only improve their enrichment efficiency and the reliability of preclinical studies, but also provide valuable methodological guidance for the rapid clinical transformation of specific MSC subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailin Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bichun Zhao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Su
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng Fan
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan He
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Umrath F, Cen W, Salgado AJ, Reinert S, Alexander D. Pre-Conditioning with IFN-γ and Hypoxia Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of iPSC-Derived MSC Secretome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060988. [PMID: 35326438 PMCID: PMC8946902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) represent a promising source of progenitor cells for approaches in the field of bone regeneration. Bone formation is a multi-step process in which osteogenesis and angiogenesis are both involved. Many reports show that the secretome of mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) influences the microenvironment upon injury, promoting cytoprotection, angiogenesis, and tissue repair of the damaged area. However, the effects of iPSC-derived MSCs secretome on angiogenesis have seldom been investigated. In the present study, the angiogenic properties of IFN-γ pre-conditioned iMSC secretomes were analyzed. We detected a higher expression of the pro-angiogenic genes and proteins of iMSCs and their secretome under IFN-γ and hypoxic stimulation (IFN-H). Tube formation and wound healing assays revealed a higher angiogenic potential of HUVECs in the presence of IFN-γ conditioned iMSC secretome. Sprouting assays demonstrated that within Coll/HA scaffolds, HUVECs spheroids formed significantly more and longer sprouts in the presence of IFN-γ conditioned iMSC secretome. Through gene expression analyses, pro-angiogenic genes (FLT-1, KDR, MET, TIMP-1, HIF-1α, IL-8, and VCAM-1) in HUVECs showed a significant up-regulation and down-regulation of two anti-angiogenic genes (TIMP-4 and IGFBP-1) compared to the data obtained in the other groups. Our results demonstrate that the iMSC secretome, pre-conditioned under inflammatory and hypoxic conditions, induced the highest angiogenic properties of HUVECs. We conclude that pre-activated iMSCs enhance their efficacy and represent a suitable cell source for collagen/hydroxyapatite with angiogenic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (F.U.); (W.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Felix Umrath
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (F.U.); (W.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Wanjing Cen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (F.U.); (W.C.); (S.R.)
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Siegmar Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (F.U.); (W.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (F.U.); (W.C.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kouroupis D, Kaplan LD, Best TM. Human infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells show immunomodulatory exosomal signatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3609. [PMID: 35246587 PMCID: PMC8897449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the human knee infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and synovium, resident synoviocytes and macrophages contribute to the onset and progression of inflammatory joint diseases. Our hypothesis is that IFP-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IFP-MSC) robust immunomodulatory therapeutic effects are largely exerted via their exosomal (IFP-MSC EXOs) secretome by attenuating synoviocytes and macrophages pro-inflammatory activation. IFP-MSC EXOs showed distinct miRNA and protein immunomodulatory profiles. Reactome analysis of 24 miRNAs highly present in exosomes showed their involvement in the regulation of six gene groups, including immune system. Exosomes were enriched for immunomodulatory and reparative proteins that are involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation, response to stimulus, signal transduction, signal receptor activity, and protein phosphorylation. Stimulated synoviocytes or macrophages exposed to IFP-MSC EXOs demonstrated significantly reduced proliferation, altered inflammation-related molecular profiles, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to stimulated alone. In an acute synovial/IFP inflammation rat model, IFP-MSC EXOs therapeutic treatment resulted in robust macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory therapeutic M2 phenotype within the synovium/IFP tissues. Based on these findings, we propose a viable cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapeutics as an alternative approach to treating synovitis and IFP fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1450NW 10th Ave, Room 3014, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun H, Shi C, Ye Z, Yao B, Li C, Wang X, Qian Q. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in liver injury. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:501-511. [PMID: 34882906 PMCID: PMC9303694 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been suggested as an effective alternate approach for the treatment of hepatic diseases. MSCs have potential therapeutic value, because these have high self-renewal ability, are capable of multipotent differentiation, and have low immunogenicity. Furthermore, MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and the therapeutic value exists in their immune-modulatory properties and secretion of trophic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. Moreover, MSCs can suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, regress liver fibrosis, and enhance liver functionality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhenlong Ye
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Yao
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qijun Qian
- Shanghai Cell Therapy Group, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
NFĸB Targeting in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Support of Age-Linked Hematological Malignancies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2178-2192. [PMID: 34410592 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can become dysfunctional in patients with hematological disorders. An unanswered question is whether age-linked disruption of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is secondary to hematological dysfunction or vice versa. We therefore studied MSC function in patients with different hematological disorders and found decreased MHC-II except from one sample with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patients' MSCs were able to exert veto properties except for AML MSCs. While the expression of MHC-II appeared to be irrelevant to the immune licensing of MSCs, AML MSCs lost their ability to differentiate upon contact and rather, continued to proliferate, forming foci-like structures. We performed a retrospective study that indicated a significant increase in MSCs, based on phenotype, for patients with BM fibrosis. This suggests a role for MSCs in patients transitioning to leukemia. NFĸB was important to MSC function and was shown to be a potential target to sensitize leukemic CD34+/CD38- cells to azacitidine. This correlated with their lack of allogeneic stimulation. This study identified NFĸB as a potential target for combination therapy to treat leukemia stem cells and showed that understanding MSC biology and immune response could be key in determining how the aging BM might support leukemia. More importantly, we show how MSCs might be involved in transitioning the high risk patient with hematological disorder to AML.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qi Y, Liu W, Wang X, Lu N, Yang M, Liu W, Ma J, Liu W, Zhang W, Li S. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from obese mice prevent body weight gain and hyperglycemia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:277. [PMID: 33957965 PMCID: PMC8101155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes that occur to the stem cell microenvironment with disease are a major consideration that may affect the behavior and potential therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) from obese mice with hyperglycemia on body weight and glucose homeostasis. After 10 weeks of high-fat diet, mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ADSCs derived from normal mice (N-ADSCs) or obese mice (O-ADSCs), respectively. Mice fed with standard rodent chow were injected with PBS and served as normal controls. Obese mice treated with O-ADSCs showed less body weight gain than those receiving PBS or N-ADSCs. The mice that received ADSCs, especially O-ADSCs, also showed improvement in obesity-related hyperglycemia. In particular, the inguinal fat was reduced in obese mice receiving O-ADSCs compared with other groups, probably caused by the increased lipolysis of inguinal fat. Moreover, ADSC infusion restored insulin receptor (INSR) expression in the muscle of obese mice. Differential expression of the CD90 surface marker was slightly increased, while monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) was reduced in O-ADSCs compared to N-ADSCs. These data provide a theoretical basis that autologous ADSCs from obese individuals may be more effective for treating obesity and related hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu Area, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minglan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu Area, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu Area, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Obi ON, Lower EE, Baughman RP. Biologic and advanced immunomodulating therapeutic options for sarcoidosis: a clinical update. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:179-210. [PMID: 33487042 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1878024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. A quarter of sarcoidosis patients require long-term treatment for chronic disease. In this group, corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents be insufficient to control diseaseAreas covered: Several biologic agents have been studied for treatment of chronic pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease. A review of the available literature was performed searching PubMed and an expert opinion regarding specific therapy was developed.Expert opinion: These agents have the potential of treating patients who have progressive disease. Many of these agents have different mechanisms of action, response rates, and toxicity profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ogugua Ndili Obi
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Elyse E Lower
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert P Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A streamlined proliferation assay using mixed lymphocytes for evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation activity. J Immunol Methods 2020; 488:112915. [PMID: 33212091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), graft versus host disease (GVHD), wound healing and trauma. A consensus is building that immunomodulation by MSCs is important for therapeutic potential. MSCs suppress peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in vitro, potentially reflecting an ability to suppress PBMC inflammatory responses in vivo. Current mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays commonly used to evaluate MSC potency generally rely on either direct co-culture or indirect culture using transwell systems for monitoring the proliferation of isolated PBMCs in the presence of mitotically inactive MSCs. Proliferation of PBMCs is monitored by several methods, including incorporation of radiolabeled nucleotides, BRDU labeling and ELISA assay or flow cytometry of carboxyfluorescein labeled PBMCs. Here we present a streamlined assay using MSCs in a direct co-culture system with unmodified MSCs using a luminescent ATP assay to evaluate both PBMC and MSC proliferation/survival. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from fresh anti-coagulated whole blood by centrifugation over Ficoll-Paque in LeucoSep tubes. Isolated PBMCs from 8 to 10 donors were pooled and cryopreserved at 1 × 107/ml in 50% RPMI medium,10% DMSO, 40% human AB serum. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord (BM-MSC, Ad-MSC, UC-MSC, respectively) were serially diluted starting at 50-60,000 cells/well and cultured in 96 well plates for 4-48 h in their respective medium. On Day 0, MSCs were washed, resuspended in PBMC media (RPMI with 10% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) and incubated with or without 150,000 freshly thawed pooled PBMCs/well, in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin A (PHA, 0-5 μg/ml). Proliferation of both MSCs (adherent) and PBMCs (non-adherent) was assessed by quantitation of ATP levels using the bioluminescent reagent Cell Titer-Glo (Promega). Culture supernatant contained PBMC, while washed adherent cells were primarily MSCs. Both cell types were incubated for 30 min with an equal volume of Cell Titer-Glo reagent and then assayed in white plates on a luminescence plate reader. RESULTS PBMC proliferation in response to PHA stimulation resulted in a robust increase in ATP by 72 h, with >6 fold increase over unstimulated PBMCs, which showed no increase. MSC proliferation was decreased <20% at the highest PHA concentrations. Co-culture with MSCs suppressed PBMC proliferation dependent upon MSC passage number, source, and prior growth conditions. Total time to complete the ATP assay was under an hour including incubations. With minimal manipulations in the assay, intra- and inter- assay variations averaged 11.1 and 15.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Direct co-culture of live unmodified MSCs with freshly thawed pooled PBMCs gives a robust determination of immunosuppression by MSCs with unparalleled ease. Graded responses can be determined, allowing comparison of potency between MSC preparations as in comparisons between freshly thawed and cultured MSCs as well as interferon-γ licensed MSCs. With the 96 well plate assay, far fewer PBMCs are generally required than in a typical flow cytometry determination. This streamlined assay can be performed within 72 h, without irradiating cells and without specialized equipment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bowles AC, Kouroupis D, Willman MA, Perucca Orfei C, Agarwal A, Correa D. Signature quality attributes of CD146 + mesenchymal stem/stromal cells correlate with high therapeutic and secretory potency. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1034-1049. [PMID: 32379908 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD146+ bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) play key roles in the perivascular niche, skeletogenesis, and hematopoietic support; however, comprehensive evaluation of therapeutic potency has yet to be determined. In this study, in vitro inflammatory priming to crude human BM-MSCs (n = 8) captured a baseline of signature responses, including enriched CD146+ with coexpression of CD107aHigh , CXCR4High , and LepRHigh , transcriptional profile, enhanced secretory capacity, and robust immunomodulatory secretome and function, including immunopotency assays (IPAs) with stimulated immune cells. These signatures were significantly more pronounced in CD146+ (POS)-sorted subpopulation than in the CD146- (NEG). Mechanistically, POS BM-MSCs showed a markedly higher secretory capacity with significantly greater immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory protein production upon inflammatory priming compared with the NEG BM-MSCs. Moreover, IPAs with stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T lymphocytes demonstrated robust immunosuppression mediated by POS BM-MSC while inducing significant frequencies of regulatory T cells. in vivo evidence showed that POS BM-MSC treatment promoted pronounced M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization, ameliorating inflammation/fibrosis of knee synovium and fat pad, unlike treatment with NEG BM-MSCs. These data correlate the expression of CD146 with innately higher immunomodulatory and secretory capacity, and thus therapeutic potency. This high-content, reproducible evidence suggests that the CD146+ (POS) MSC subpopulation are the mediators of the beneficial effects achieved using crude BM-MSCs, leading to translational implications for improving cell therapy and manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie C Bowles
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa A Willman
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pokrovskaya LA, Zubareva EV, Nadezhdin SV, Lysenko AS, Litovkina TL. Biological activity of mesenchymal stem cells secretome as a basis for cell-free therapeutic approach. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.49413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, cultured adult stem cells which secrete a complex set of multiple soluble biologically active molecules such as chemokines, and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, lipid mediators, interleukins (IL), growth factors (GFs), hormones, micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), messenger RNAs (mRNAs), exosomes, as well as microvesicles, the secretome. MSCs of various origin, including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), human uterine cervical stem cells (hUCESCs), may be good candidates for obtaining secretome-derived products. Different population of MSCs can secret different factors which could have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic activities, a neuroprotective effect, could improve bone, muscle, liver regeneration and wound healing. Therefore, the paracrine activity of conditioned medium obtained when cultivating MSCs, due to a plethora of bioactive factors, was assumed to have the most prominent cell-free therapeutic impact and can serve as a better option in the field of regenerative medicine in future.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shammaa R, El-Kadiry AEH, Abusarah J, Rafei M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Beyond Regenerative Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:72. [PMID: 32133358 PMCID: PMC7040370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are competent suitors of cellular therapy due to their therapeutic impact on tissue degeneration and immune-based pathologies. Additionally, their homing and immunomodulatory properties can be exploited in cancer malignancies to transport pharmacological entities, produce anti-neoplastic agents, or induce anti-tumor immunity. Herein, we create a portfolio for MSC properties, showcasing their distinct multiple therapeutic utilities and successes/challenges thereof in both animal studies and clinical trials. We further highlight the promising potential of MSCs not only in cancer management but also in instigating tumor-specific immunity - i.e., cancer vaccination. Finally, we reflect on the possible reasons impeding the clinical advancement of MSC-based cancer vaccines to assist in contriving novel methodologies from which a therapeutic milestone might emanate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riam Shammaa
- Canadian Centre for Regenerative Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada.,IntelliStem Technologies Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abed El-Hakim El-Kadiry
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamilah Abusarah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McClain Caldwell I, Hogden C, Nemeth K, Boyajian M, Krepuska M, Szombath G, MacDonald S, Abshari M, Moss J, Vitale-Cross L, Fontana JR, Mezey E. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) Modulate the Inflammatory Character of Alveolar Macrophages from Sarcoidosis Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010278. [PMID: 31963936 PMCID: PMC7019909 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a devastating inflammatory disease affecting many organs, especially the lungs and lymph nodes. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can “reprogram” various types of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We wanted to determine whether alveolar macrophages from sarcoidosis subjects behave similarly by mounting an anti-inflammatory response when co-cultured with MSCs. Fifteen sarcoidosis and eight control subjects underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Unselected BAL cells (70–94% macrophages) were isolated and cultured with and without MSCs from healthy adults. Following stimulation of the cultured cells with lipopolysaccharide, the medium was removed to measure interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (IL-10 and TNF-α). In two additional sarcoidosis subjects, flow cytometry was used to study intracellular cytokines and surface markers associated with alveolar macrophages to confirm the results. Unselected BAL cells from sarcoidosis subjects co-cultured with MSCs showed a reduction in TNF-α (pro-inflammatory M1) and an increase in IL-10 (anti-inflammatory M2) in 9 of 11 samples studied. Control subject samples showed few, if any, differences in cytokine production. Unselected BAL cells from two additional patients analyzed by flow cytometry confirmed a switch towards an anti-inflammatory state (i.e., M1 to M2) after co-culture with MSCs. These results suggest that, similarly to other macrophages, alveolar macrophages also respond to MSC contacts by changing towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Based on our results, we hypothesize that mesenchymal stromal cells applied to the airways might alleviate lung inflammation and decrease steroid need in patients with sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian McClain Caldwell
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
| | - Christopher Hogden
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
| | - Krisztian Nemeth
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael Boyajian
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
| | - Miklos Krepuska
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
| | - Gergely Szombath
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary;
| | - Sandra MacDonald
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.); (J.R.F.)
| | - Mehrnoosh Abshari
- Combined Technical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Joel Moss
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.); (J.R.F.)
| | - Lynn Vitale-Cross
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
| | - Joseph R Fontana
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.M.); (J.M.); (J.R.F.)
| | - Eva Mezey
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.M.C.); (C.H.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (L.V.-C.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galland S, Stamenkovic I. Mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer: a review of their immunomodulatory functions and dual effects on tumor progression. J Pathol 2019; 250:555-572. [PMID: 31608444 PMCID: PMC7217065 DOI: 10.1002/path.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells implicated in a broad range of physiological events, including organogenesis and maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as tissue regeneration and repair. Because their current definition is somewhat loose – based primarily on their ability to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues, adhere to plastic, and express, or lack, a handful of cell surface markers – MSCs likely encompass several subpopulations, which may have diverse properties. Their diversity may explain, at least in part, the pleiotropic functions that they display in different physiological and pathological settings. In the context of tissue injury, MSCs can respectively promote and attenuate inflammation during the early and late phases of tissue repair. They may thereby act as sensors of the inflammatory response and secrete mediators that boost or temper the response as required by the stage of the reparatory and regenerative process. MSCs are also implicated in regulating tumor development, in which they are increasingly recognized to play a complex role. Thus, MSCs can both promote and constrain tumor progression by directly affecting tumor cells via secreted mediators and cell–cell interactions and by modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. This review summarizes our current understanding of MSC involvement in tumor development and highlights the mechanistic underpinnings of their implication in tumor growth and progression. © 2020 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Galland
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Novel Target to Optimize Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Protocols in Hematological Malignancies and Rare Genetic Disorders. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010002. [PMID: 31861268 PMCID: PMC7019991 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are crucial elements in the bone marrow (BM) niche where they provide physical support and secrete soluble factors to control and maintain hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Given their role in the BM niche and HSPC support, MSCs have been employed in the clinical setting to expand ex-vivo HSPCs, as well as to facilitate HSPC engraftment in vivo. Specific alterations in the mesenchymal compartment have been described in hematological malignancies, as well as in rare genetic disorders, diseases that are amenable to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and ex-vivo HSPC-gene therapy (HSC-GT). Dissecting the in vivo function of human MSCs and studying their biological and functional properties in these diseases is a critical requirement to optimize transplantation outcomes. In this review, the role of MSCs in the orchestration of the BM niche will be revised, and alterations in the mesenchymal compartment in specific disorders will be discussed, focusing on the need to correct and restore a proper microenvironment to ameliorate transplantation procedures, and more in general disease outcomes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sen S. Adult Stem Cells: Beyond Regenerative Tool, More as a Bio-Marker in Obesity and Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:744-751. [PMID: 31902144 PMCID: PMC6943270 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are increasing rapidly worldwide and it is therefore important to know the effect of exercise and medications for diabetes and obesity on adult stem cells. Adult stem cells play a major role in remodeling and tissue regeneration. In this review we will focus mainly on two adult stem/progenitor cells such as endothelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in relation to aerobic exercise and diabetes medications, both of which can alter the course of regeneration and tissue remodelling. These two adult precursor and stem cells are easily obtained from peripheral blood or adipose tissue depots, as the case may be and are precursors to endothelium and mesenchymal tissue (fat, bone, muscle, and cartilage). They both are key players in maintenance of cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis and can act also as useful biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Sen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yi TG, Cho YK, Lee HJ, Kim J, Jeon MS, Ham DS, Kim WC, Song SU. A Novel Immunomodulatory Mechanism Dependent on Acetylcholine Secreted by Human Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:315-330. [PMID: 31242717 PMCID: PMC6657938 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used to treat autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to determine the immunomodulatory mechanisms elicited by MSCs during inflammation. Methods and Results We cocultured MSCs with peripheral blood mononuclear cells for a mixed lymphocyte reaction or stimulated them by phytohemagglutinin. Morphological changes of MSCs and secretion of acetylcholine (ACh) from MSCs were measured. The effects of an ACh antagonist and ACh agonist on lymphocyte proliferation and proinflammatory-cytokine production were determined. The inflammatory milieu created by immune-cell activation caused MSCs to adopt a neuronlike phenotype and induced them to release ACh. Additionally, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were upregulated in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We observed that ACh bound to nAChR on activated immune cells and led to the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and of proinflammatory-cytokine production. MSC-mediated immunosuppression through ACh activity was reversed by an ACh antagonist called α-bungarotoxin, and lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by an ACh agonist, ACh chloride. Conclusions Our findings point to a novel immunomodulatory mechanism in which ACh secreted by MSCs under inflammatory conditions might modulate immune cells. This study may provide a novel method for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by means of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tac-Ghee Yi
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea.,SunCreate Co., Ltd., Yangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Myung-Shin Jeon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Woo Cheol Kim
- Department of Radiooncology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun U Song
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chinnadurai R, Rajakumar A, Schneider AJ, Bushman WA, Hematti P, Galipeau J. Potency Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using a Phospho-STAT Matrix Loop Analytical Approach. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1119-1125. [PMID: 31108008 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Potency assays for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) need to be defined in advanced clinical trials. Here, we have developed an assay matrix approach that captures the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) phosphorylation of MSCs upon stimulation with their combined secretome that arose with the interaction of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Secretome of heat-inactivated (HI) MSCs cocultured with and without activated PBMCs was used as an internal reference. We have compared the short-term phosphorylation status of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6 on MSCs derived from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord using phosflow technology. Secretome of live MSCs cocultured with activated PBMCs downregulate STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation on MSCs, whereas the secretome of HI-MSCs or PBMCs do not. Thus, investigation of the combined secretome of MSC and PBMC interaction on MSCs determine the potency of MSCs as the generator and sensor of the secretome. Bone marrow, adipose, and umbilical cord MSCs are comparable in modulating STAT1 and STAT3 responses. Measurements of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation on MSCs as responder cells correlate and predict allogeneic T-cell suppression. Our comparative phosphomatrix approach between live and reference HI-MSCs defines the potency of MSCs as both stimulators and responders as part of a robust platform for predictive potency analysis. Stem Cells 2019;37:1119-1125.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Augustine Rajakumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew J Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wade A Bushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Cloud C, Duke T, Owczarski S, Mehrotra S, Adams DB, Morgan K, Gilkeson G, Wang H. Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Chronic Pancreatitis Patients Show Comparable Potency Compared to Cells from Healthy Donors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:418-429. [PMID: 30680957 PMCID: PMC6477001 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are proven to be beneficial in islet transplantation, suggesting a potential therapeutic role of them in total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT) for chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients. We investigated whether MSCs derived from CP patients are suitable for use in autologous cell therapy. MSCs from healthy donors (H-MSCs) and CP patients (CP-MSCs) were studied for phenotype, colony formation potential, multilineage differentiation ability, proliferation, senescence, secretory characters, and immunosuppressive functions. The potential protective effect of CP-MSCs was evaluated on hypoxia-induced islet cell death. Cell surface markers were similar between H-MSCs and CP-MSCs, as well as the ability of colony formation, multilineage differentiation, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor (TGF-β), senescence, and inhibition of T cells proliferation in vitro. We found that growth differentiation factor 6 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were significantly downregulated, whereas TGFβ and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were significantly upregulated in CP-MSCs compared with H-MSCs, among 84 MSC-related genes investigated in this study. MSCs from CP patients secreted less HGF, compared with the H-MSCs. A higher interferon-γ-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression was observed in CP-MSCs compared to H-MSCs. Moreover, CP-MSCs prevented hypoxia-induced β cell deaths to a similar extent as H-MSCs. Regardless of moderate difference in gene expression, CP-MSCs possess similar immunomodulatory and prosurvival functions to H-MSCs, and may be suitable for autologous cell therapy in CP patients undergoing TP-IAT. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:418-429.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life ScienceQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoPeople's Republic of China
| | - Colleen Cloud
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tara Duke
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Stefanie Owczarski
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - David B. Adams
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Katherine Morgan
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gary Gilkeson
- Department of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The mesenchymal stem cell secretome: A new paradigm towards cell-free therapeutic mode in regenerative medicine. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:1-9. [PMID: 30954374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown to be a promising candidate for cell-based therapy. The therapeutic potential of MSCs, towards tissue repair and wound healing is essentially based on their paracrine effects. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies of MSCs have yielded encouraging results. Further, these cells have been shown to be relatively safe for clinical applications. MSCs harvested from numerous anatomical locations including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord etc., display similar immunophenotypic profiles. However, there is a large body of evidence showing that MSCs secrete a variety of biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Despite the similarity in their immunophenotype, the secretome of MSCs appears to vary significantly, depending on the age of the host and niches where the cells reside. Thus, by implication, proteomics-based profiling suggests that the therapeutic potential of the different MSC populations must also be different. Analysis of the secretome points to its influence on varied biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, wound healing, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumour for tissue maintenance and regeneration. Though MSC based therapy has been shown to be relatively safe, from a clinical standpoint, the use of cell-free infusions can altogether circumvent the administration of viable cells for therapy. Understanding the secretome of in vitro cultured MSC populations, by the analysis of the corresponding conditioned medium, will enable us to evaluate its utility as a new therapeutic option. This review will focus on the accumulating evidence that points to the therapeutic potential of the conditioned medium, both from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Finally, this review will emphasize the importance of profiling the conditioned medium for assessing its potential for cell-free therapy therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Park HW, Oh S, Lee KH, Lee BH, Chang MS. Olig2-expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Functional Recovery after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Stem Cells 2018; 11:177-186. [PMID: 30408408 PMCID: PMC6285288 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Glial scarring and inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) interfere with neural regeneration and functional recovery due to the inhibitory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. Stem cell transplantation can improve functional recovery in experimental models of SCI, but many obstacles to clinical application remain due to concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of stem cell transplantation for SCI patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that were genetically modified to express Olig2 in a rat model of SCI. Methods Bone marrow-derived hMSCs were genetically modified to express Olig2 and transplanted one week after the induction of contusive SCI in a rat model. Spinal cords were harvested 7 weeks after transplantation. Results Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs significantly improved functional recovery in a rat model of contusive SCI model compared to the control hMSC-transplanted group. Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs also attenuated glial scar formation in spinal cord lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that transplanted Olig2-expressing hMSCs were partially differentiated into Olig1-positive oligodendrocyte-like cells in spinal cords. Furthermore, NF-M-positive axons were more abundant in the Olig2-expressing hMSC-transplanted group than in the control hMSC-transplanted group. Conclusions We suggest that Olig2-expressing hMSCs are a safe and optimal cell source for treating SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Woo Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Cell Biology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soonyi Oh
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute & School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Immunogenic potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells is enhanced by hyperthermia. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1437-1444. [PMID: 30389270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been reported to suppress T-cell proliferation and used to alleviate the symptoms of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). MSCs are a mixed cell population and at this time there are no tools to isolate the cells responsible for the T-cell suppression. We wanted to find a way to enhance the immune-modulatory actions of MSCs and tried varying the temperature at which they were cultured. METHODS We cultured human MSCs derived from healthy volunteers at different temperatures and tested their ability to switch macrophage character from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory (M1 type to M2 type). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we showed that when MSCs are cultured at higher temperatures their ability to induce co-cultured macrophages to produce more interleukin-10, (IL-10) (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) and less tumor necrosis factor alpha, (TNFα) (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) is increased. We performed Western blots and immunocytochemistry to screen for changes that might underlie this effect. RESULTS We found that in hyperthermia the heat shock protein, HSF1, translocated into the nucleus of MSCs. It appears to induce the COX2/PGE2 (Cyclooxygenase2/Prostaglandin E2) pathway described earlier as a major mechanism of MSC-directed immune-suppression. CONCLUSION Hyperthermia increases the efficacy of MSC-driven immune-suppression. We propose that changing the time of MSC administration to patients to mid-to-late afternoon when the body temperature is naturally highest might be beneficial. Warming the patient could also be considered.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao L, Hu C, Zhang P, Jiang H, Chen J. Novel preconditioning strategies for enhancing the migratory ability of mesenchymal stem cells in acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:225. [PMID: 30139368 PMCID: PMC6108125 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a worldwide public health issue due to its increasing incidence, significant mortality, and lack of specific target-orientated therapy. Developments in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research make MSCs a promising candidate for AKI management but relevant clinical trials show confusing results (NCT00733876, NCT01602328). One primary cause of the limited therapeutic effect may result from poor engraftment of transplanted cells. To solve this problem, investigators have developed a series of preconditioning strategies to improve MSC engraftment in animal AKI models. In this review, we summarize these previous studies, providing an integrated and updated view of different preconditioning strategies aimed at promoting the therapeutic effect of MSCs in AKI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Petrova ES. Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Stimulation of Nerve Regeneration. Russ J Dev Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
36
|
de la Portilla F, Yuste Y, Pereira S, Olano C, Maestre MV, Padillo FJ. Local Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Experimentally Induced Colitis in the Rat. Int J Stem Cells 2018; 11:39-47. [PMID: 29699385 PMCID: PMC5984057 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in inflammatory bowel diseases because of their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. We investigated their local use in an experimental model of colitis in the rat. Materials and Methods Colitis was induced into 20 Wistar rats with local TNBS instillation. Allogeneic stem cells were derived from rat adipose tissue and labeled with PKH2 linker dye with creation of a control and a second group treated by a local injection into the rectal wall of 2×106 allogeneic adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The thicknesses of different components of the rectum were measured with comparisons made in different parts of the colon of the Hunter inflammatory score. PKH2-dyed ADSCs were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Results and Conclusions Total colitis was induced in 19/20 rats with homing of fluorescent ADSCs. to the crypt base and perivascular space of the submucosa. There were no differences in component rectal wall thicknesses with a higher Hunter score in the treated group compared with the controls, in the rectum (3.8±2.74 vs. 1.5±2.37, respectively; p=0.017) and in right colon (2.5±1.08 vs. 0.20±0.42, respectively; p=0.0001). Local colonic injection of allogeneic adipose stem cells. in experimental colitis is feasible and safe. There is demonstrable homing of cells in chemically-induced colitis both to the treated region and parts of the colon distant to the MSC treatment site. Such cells readily proliferate in vitro and could potentially be a source for future treatment of resistant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Portilla
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Unit Colorectal Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Yaiza Yuste
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carolina Olano
- National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Maestre
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Unit Colorectal Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Padillo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Unit Colorectal Surgery, "Virgen del Rocío" University Hospital/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sargent A, Shano G, Karl M, Garrison E, Miller C, Miller RH. Transcriptional Profiling of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Identifies Distinct Neuroimmune Pathways Altered by CNS Disease. Int J Stem Cells 2018; 11:48-60. [PMID: 29699382 PMCID: PMC5984058 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are an attractive cell based therapy in the treatment of CNS demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Preclinical studies demonstrate that BM-MSCs can effectively reduce clinical burden and enhance recovery in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of MS. However, a number of recent clinical trials have not shown significant functional benefit following BM-MSC infusion into MS patients. One possibility for the discrepancy between animal and human studies is the source of the cells, as recent studies suggest BM-MSCs from MS patients or animals with EAE lack reparative efficacy compared to naïve cells. We sought to define important transcriptional and functional differences between diseased and naïve MSCs. Methods and Results We utilized RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to assess changes in gene expression between BM-MSCs derived from EAE animals and those derived from healthy controls. We show that EAE alters the expression of a large number of genes in BM-MSCs and changes in gene expression are more pronounced in chronic versus acute disease. Bioinformatic analysis revealed extensive perturbations in BM-MSCs in pathways related to inflammation and the regulation of neural cell development. These changes suggest that signals from EAE derived BM-MSCs inhibit rather than enhance remyelination, and in-vitro studies showed that conditioned medium from EAE MSCs fails to support the development of mature oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS. Conclusions These data provide insight into the failure of autologous BM-MSCs to promote recovery in MS and support the concept of utilizing non-autologous MSCs in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sargent
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Genevieve Shano
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Molly Karl
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Eric Garrison
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christian Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Salmaninejad A, Gowhari A, Hosseini S, Aslani S, Yousefi M, Bahrami T, Ebrahimi M, Nesaei A, Zal M. Genetics and immunodysfunction underlying Behçet's disease and immunomodulant treatment approaches. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 14:137-151. [PMID: 28693405 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1346008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic autoimmune condition primarily prevalent in populations along the Mediterranean Sea. The exact etiology of BD has not been fully explained yet, but the disease occurrence is associated with a genetic factor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B51 antigen. Among the various immunodysfunctions that are found in BD, patients are increased neutrophil motility and superoxide production, as well as elevated production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-10. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and IL-17 in BD have been found associated with aberrant expression of microRNA. Gene polymorphisms in BD patients have been observed in molecules involved in responses to pathogens that can ultimately modulate the host antimicrobial response. Moreover, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported in genes encoding chemokines and adhesion molecules; many of these changes manifest as increases in vascular inflammation and vascular damage. Lastly, genetic and epigenetic changes have been suggested as involved in the pathogenesis of BD. Modifications in DNA methylation have been found in BD patient monocytes and lymphocytes, leading to adverse function of these cells. This review presents a comprehensive compilation of the literature with regard to the immunodysfunction underlying BD, as well as of the genetics, newly described clinical specifications and novel treatment strategies using immunomodulants based on the current understanding of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salmaninejad
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c Rheumatology Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Arezoo Gowhari
- d Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Seyedmojtaba Hosseini
- b Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- c Rheumatology Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- b Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Tayyeb Bahrami
- e Genetics Research Center , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Masoume Ebrahimi
- f Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- g Department of Basic Sciences , Gonabad University of Medical Sciences , Gonabad , Iran
| | - Masoud Zal
- h Department of Medical Genetics , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nguyen DC, Lewis HC, Joyner C, Warren V, Xiao H, Kissick HT, Wu R, Galipeau J, Lee FEH. Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells support ex vivo survival of human antibody secreting cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1463778. [PMID: 29713426 PMCID: PMC5917896 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1463778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) are novel mechanisms of cell-cell communication over short and long distances. BM-MSC have been shown to support human antibody secreting cells (ASC) survival ex vivo, but whether the crosstalk between the MSC-ASC interaction can occur via EVs is not known. Thus, we evaluated the role of EVs in ASC survival and IgG secretion. EVs were isolated from irradiated and non-irradiated primary BM-MSC and were quantified. They were further characterized by electron microscopy (EM) and CD63 and CD81 immuno-gold EM staining. Human ASC were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and cultured ex vivo with the EV fractions, the EV-reduced fractions, or conventional media. IgG Elispots were used to measure the survival and functionality of the ASC. Contents of the EV fractions were evaluated by proteomics. We saw that both irradiated and non-irradiated MSC secretome preparations afforded vesicles of a size consistent with EVs. Both preparations appeared comparable in EM morphology and CD63 and CD81 immuno-gold EM. Both irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions supported ASC function, at 88% and 90%, respectively, by day 3. In contrast, conventional media maintained only 4% ASC survival by day 3. To identify the specific factors that provided in vitro ASC support, we compared proteomes of the irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions with conventional media. Pathway analysis of these proteins identified factors involved in the vesicle-mediated delivery of integrin signalling proteins. These findings indicate that BM-MSC EVs provide an effective support system for ASC survival and IgG secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doan C. Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Holly C. Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chester Joyner
- International Center for Malaria Research, Education and Development, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vivien Warren
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydn T. Kissick
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gabner S, Hlavaty J, Velde K, Renner M, Jenner F, Egerbacher M. Inflammation-induced transgene expression in genetically engineered equine mesenchymal stem cells. J Gene Med 2018; 18:154-64. [PMID: 27272202 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis, a chronic and progressive degenerative joint disorder, ranks amongst the top five causes of disability. Given the high incidence, associated socioeconomic costs and the absence of effective disease-modifying therapies of osteoarthritis, cell-based treatments offer a promising new approach. Owing to their paracrine, differentiation and self-renewal abilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine, which might be further enhanced by targeted gene therapy. Hence, the development of systems allowing transgene expression, particularly when regulated by natural disease-dependent occuring substances, is of high interest. METHODS Bone marrow-isolated equine MSCs were stably transduced with an HIV-1 based lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase gene under control of an inducible nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-responsive promoter. Marker gene expression was analysed by determining luciferase activity in transduced cells stimulated with different concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α. RESULTS A dose-dependent increase in luciferase expression was observed in transduced MSCs upon cytokine stimulation. The induction effect was more potent in cells treated with TNFα compared to those treated with IL-1β. Maximum transgene expression was obtained after 48 h of stimulation and the same time was necessary to return to baseline luciferase expression levels after withdrawal of the stimulus. Repeated cycles of induction allowed on-off modulation of transgene expression without becoming refractory to induction. The NFκB-responsive promoter retained its inducibility also in chondrogenically differentiated MSC/Luc cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that on demand transgene expression from the NFκB-responsive promoter using naturally occurring inflammatory cytokines can be induced in undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated equine MSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gabner
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Hlavaty
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Velde
- Equine University Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Renner
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Florien Jenner
- Equine University Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Eslani M, Putra I, Shen X, Hamouie J, Tadepalli A, Anwar KN, Kink JA, Ghassemi S, Agnihotri G, Reshetylo S, Mashaghi A, Dana R, Hematti P, Djalilian AR. Cornea-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapeutically Modulate Macrophage Immunophenotype and Angiogenic Function. Stem Cells 2018; 36:775-784. [PMID: 29341332 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial drivers of inflammatory corneal neovascularization and thus are potential targets for immunomodulatory therapies. We hypothesized that therapeutic use of cornea-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) may alter the function of macrophages. We found that cMSCs can modulate the phenotype and angiogenic function of macrophages. In vitro, cMSCs induce apoptosis of macrophages while preferentially promoting a distinct CD14hi CD16hi CD163hi CD206hi immunophenotype that has significantly reduced angiogenic effects based on in vitro angiogenesis assays. In vivo, application of cMSCs to murine corneas after injury leads to reduced macrophage infiltration and higher expression of CD206 in macrophages. Macrophages cocultured ("educated") by cMSCs express significantly higher levels of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors compared with control macrophages. In vivo, injured corneas treated with cMSC-educated macrophages demonstrate significantly less neovascularization compared with corneas treated with control macrophages. Knocking down the expression of pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) in cMSCs significantly abrogates its modulating effects on macrophages, as shown by the reduced rate of apoptosis, decreased expression of sFLT-1/PEDF, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the cocultured macrophages. Similarly, cMSCs isolated from PEDF knockout mice are less effective compared with wild-type cMSCs at inhibiting macrophage infiltration when applied to wild-type corneas after injury. Overall, these results demonstrate that cMSCs therapeutically suppress the angiogenic capacity of macrophages and highlight the role of cMSC secreted PEDF in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function. Stem Cells 2018;36:775-784.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medi Eslani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ilham Putra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiang Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Judy Hamouie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Asha Tadepalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Khandaker N Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John A Kink
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samaneh Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaurav Agnihotri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sofiya Reshetylo
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pinchuk IV, Powell DW. Immunosuppression by Intestinal Stromal Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1060:115-129. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78127-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
43
|
Wang B, Lin Y, Hu Y, Shan W, Liu S, Xu Y, Zhang H, Cai S, Yu X, Cai Z, Huang H. mTOR inhibition improves the immunomodulatory properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inducing COX-2 and PGE 2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:292. [PMID: 29287601 PMCID: PMC5747167 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders due to their profound immunomodulatory properties. However, the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs needs activation by an inflammatory microenvironment, which may negatively impact the therapeutic effect because of increased immunogenicity. Here we explore the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling on the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs, and its impact on immunogenicity in the inflammatory microenvironment. Methods Human bone marrow MSCs were cocultured with activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4+ T cells, and mouse splenocytes to evaluate the immunosuppressive function. Immunosuppressive factors were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was detected by flow cytometry. Short hairpin (sh)RNA was used to downregulate tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, TSC1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in MSCs. Results Inhibition of mTOR signaling using rapamycin enhanced the immunosuppressive functions of MSCs, while prolonged exposure to rapamycin did not. The enhancement of the immunosuppressive function was independent of the inflammatory microenvironment, and occurred mainly through the upregulation of COX-2 and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) expression. Furthermore, mTOR inhibition did not impact the immunogenicity of MSCs. However, the upregulated expression of MHC class II molecules by interferon (IFN)-γ was attenuated by mTOR inhibition, whereas TSC2 knockdown had the opposite effect. Conclusions These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway regulates MSC immunobiology, and short-term exposure to rapamycin could be a novel approach to improve the MSC-based therapeutic effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0744-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binsheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Engineering Hematopoietic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies to Address Safety and Toxicity Concerns. J Immunother 2017; 39:249-59. [PMID: 27488725 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapies utilizing engineered hematopoietic cells have recently generated significant clinical successes. Of great promise are immunotherapies based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells that are targeted toward malignant cells expressing defined tumor-associated antigens. CAR-T cells harness the effector function of the adaptive arm of the immune system and redirect it against cancer cells, overcoming the major challenges of immunotherapy, such as breaking tolerance to self-antigens and beating cancer immune system-evasion mechanisms. In early clinical trials, CAR-T cell-based therapies achieved complete and durable responses in a significant proportion of patients. Despite clinical successes and given the side effect profiles of immunotherapies based on engineered cells, potential concerns with the safety and toxicity of various therapeutic modalities remain. We discuss the concerns associated with the safety and stability of the gene delivery vehicles for cell engineering and with toxicities due to off-target and on-target, off-tumor effector functions of the engineered cells. We then overview the various strategies aimed at improving the safety of and resolving toxicities associated with cell-based immunotherapies. Integrating failsafe switches based on different suicide gene therapy systems into engineered cells engenders promising strategies toward ensuring the safety of cancer immunotherapies in the clinic.
Collapse
|
45
|
Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W, Osowski A, Engelgardt P, Wojtkiewicz J. Role of Stem Cells in Pathophysiology and Therapy of Spondyloarthropathies-New Therapeutic Possibilities? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010080. [PMID: 29283375 PMCID: PMC5796030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the complex pathogenesis and treatment of spondyloarthropathies (SpA). Currently, along with traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), TNF-α, IL-12/23 and IL-17 are available for treatment of such diseases as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Although they adequately control inflammatory symptoms, they do not affect the abnormal bone formation processes associated with SpA. However, the traditional therapeutic approach does not cover the regenerative treatment of damaged tissues. In this regards, stem cells may offer a promising, safe and effective therapeutic option. The aim of this paper is to present the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in pathogenesis of SpA and to highlight the opportunities for using stem cells in regenerative processes and in the treatment of inflammatory changes in articular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Municipal Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Engelgardt
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Foundation for Nerve Cell Regeneration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tissue regeneration: The crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and immune response. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:86-93. [PMID: 29221689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in almost all tissues with the capability to differentiate into several different cell types and hold great promise in tissue repairs in a cell replacement manner. The study of the bidirectional regulation between MSCs and immune response has ushered an age of rethinking of tissue regeneration in the process of stem cell-based tissue repairs. By sensing damaged signals, both endogenous and exogenous MSCs migrate to the damaged site where they involve in the reconstitution of the immune microenvironment and empower tissue stem/progenitor cells and other resident cells, whereby facilitate tissue repairs. This MSC-based therapeutic manner is conferred as cell empowerment. In this process, MSCs have been found to exert extensive immunosuppression on both innate and adaptive immune response, while such regulation needs to be licensed by inflammation. More importantly, the immunoregulation of MSCs is highly plastic, especially in the context of pathological microenvironment. Understanding the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs is necessary for appropriate application of MSCs. Here we review the current studies on the crosstalk of MSCs and immune response in disease pathogenesis and therapy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are More Immunosuppressive In Vitro If They Are Derived from Endometriotic Lesions than from Eutopic Endometrium. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3215962. [PMID: 29230250 PMCID: PMC5694575 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3215962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease with predominance of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages in the pelvic cavity that could be involved in the pathology through support and immune escape of ectopic lesions. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are found in ectopic lesions, and MSC from nonendometriosis sources are known to induce M2 macrophages. Therefore, MSC were hypothesized to play a role in the pathology of endometriosis. The aim was to characterize the functional phenotype of MSC in ectopic and eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. Stromal cells from endometriotic ovarian cysts (ESCcyst) and endometrium (ESCendo) were examined if they exhibited a MSC phenotype. Then, ESC were phenotypically examined for protein and gene expression of immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory molecules. Finally, ESC were functionally examined for their effects on monocyte differentiation into macrophages. ESCcyst and ESCendo expressed MSC markers, formed colonies, and differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Phenotypically, ESCcyst were more immunosuppressive, with significantly higher expression of immunosuppressive molecules. Functionally, ESCcyst induced more spindle-shaped macrophages, with significantly higher expression of CD14 and CD163, both features of M2 macrophages. The results suggest that ESCcyst may be more immunosuppressive than ESCendo and may promote immunosuppressive M2 macrophages that may support growth and reduce immunosurveillance of ectopic lesions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Eslani M, Putra I, Shen X, Hamouie J, Afsharkhamseh N, Besharat S, Rosenblatt MI, Dana R, Hematti P, Djalilian AR. Corneal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Directly Antiangiogenic via PEDF and sFLT-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:5507-5517. [PMID: 29075761 PMCID: PMC5661382 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the angiogenic properties of corneal derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Co-MSC). Methods Co-MSCs were extracted from human cadaver, and wild-type (C57BL/6J) and SERPINF1−/− mice corneas. The MSC secretome was collected in a serum-free medium. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation and fibrin gel bead assay (FIBA) sprout formation were used to assess the angiogenic properties of Co-MSC secretome. Complete corneal epithelial debridement was used to induce corneal neovascularization in wild-type mice. Co-MSCs embedded in fibrin gel was applied over the debrided cornea to evaluate the angiogenic effects of Co-MSCs in vivo. Immunoprecipitation was used to remove soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF, SERPINF1 gene) from the Co-MSC secretome. Results Co-MSC secretome significantly inhibited HUVECs tube and sprout formation. Co-MSCs from different donors consistently contained high levels of antiangiogenic factors including sFLT-1 and PEDF; and low levels of the angiogenic factor VEGF-A. In vivo, application of Co-MSCs to mouse corneas after injury prevented the development of corneal neovascularization. Removing PEDF or sFLT-1 from the secretome significantly diminished the antiangiogenic effects of Co-MSCs. Co-MSCs isolated from SERPINF1−/− mice had significantly reduced antiangiogenic effects compared to SERPINF1+/+ (wild-type) Co-MSCs. Conclusions These results illustrate the direct antiangiogenic properties of Co-MSCs, the importance of sFLT-1 and PEDF, and their potential clinical application for preventing pathologic corneal neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medi Eslani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ilham Putra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Xiang Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Judy Hamouie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Neda Afsharkhamseh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Soroush Besharat
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Galland S, Vuille J, Martin P, Letovanec I, Caignard A, Fregni G, Stamenkovic I. Tumor-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Use Distinct Mechanisms to Block the Activity of Natural Killer Cell Subsets. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2891-2905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
50
|
Song L, Sun Z, Kim DS, Gou W, Strange C, Dong H, Cui W, Gilkeson G, Morgan KA, Adams DB, Wang H. Adipose stem cells from chronic pancreatitis patients improve mouse and human islet survival and function. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:192. [PMID: 28854965 PMCID: PMC5577777 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis has surgical options including total pancreatectomy to control pain. To avoid surgical diabetes, the explanted pancreas can have islets harvested and transplanted. Immediately following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT), many islet cells die due to isolation and transplantation stresses. The percentage of patients remaining insulin free after TP-IAT is therefore low. We determined whether cotransplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from chronic pancreatitis patients (CP-ASCs) would protect islets after transplantation. METHODS In a marginal mass islet transplantation model, islets from C57BL/6 mice were cotransplanted with CP-ASCs into syngeneic streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice. Treatment response was defined by the percentage of recipients reaching normoglycemia, and by the area under the curve for glucose and c-peptide in a glucose tolerance test. Macrophage infiltration, β-cell apoptosis, and islet graft vasculature were measured in transplanted islet grafts by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression profiling of 84 apoptosis-related genes in islet grafts transplanted alone or with CP-ASCs was measured by the RT2 Profiler™ Apoptosis PCR Array. The impact of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on islet apoptosis was determined in islets stimulated with cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) in the presence and absence of CP-ASC conditioned medium. RESULTS CP-ASC-treated mice were more often normoglycemic compared to mice receiving islets alone. ASC cotransplantation reduced macrophage infiltration, β-cell death, suppressed expression of TNF-α and Bcl-2 modifying factor (BMF), and upregulated expressions of IGF-1 and TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 11b (TNFRSF11B) in islet grafts. Islets cultured in conditioned medium from CP-ASCs showed reduced cell death. This protective effect was diminished when IGF-1 was blocked in the conditioned medium by the anti-IGF-1 antibody. CONCLUSION Cotransplantation of islets with ASCs from the adipose of chronic pancreatitis patients improved islet survival and islet function after transplantation. The effects are in part mediated by paracrine secretion of IGF-1, suppression of inflammation, and promotion of angiogenesis. ASCs from chronic pancreatitis patients have the potential to be used as a synergistic therapy to enhance the efficacy of islet transplantation following pancreatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Do-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Wenyu Gou
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Charlie Strange
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Huansheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gary Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Katherine A Morgan
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - David B Adams
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, BSB 641, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|