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An JY, Kim SY, Kim HJ, Bae HJ, Lee HD, Choi YY, Cho YE, Cho SY, Lee SJ, Lee S, Park SJ. Geraniin from the methanol extract of Pilea mongolica suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting IRAK4/MAPKs/NF-κB/AP-1 pathway in HaCaT cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112767. [PMID: 39083922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The skin acts as a vital barrier, shielding the body from external threats that can trigger dryness, itching, and inflammation. Pilea mongolica, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, holds promise for various ailments, yet its anti-inflammatory properties remain understudied. This study aimed to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of P. mongolica (MEPM) and its underlying molecular mechanisms and active compounds in LPS-stimulated human keratinocytes. MEPM treatment, at concentrations without cytotoxicity, significantly decreased NO productions and the iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in LPS-induced HaCaT cells. Moreover, MEPM suppressed IRAK4 expression and phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, p38, p65, and c-Jun, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of MEPM result from the inhibition of IRAK4/MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathway. Through LC/MS/MS analysis, 30 compounds and 24 compounds were estimated in negative and positive modes, respectively, including various anti-inflammatory compounds, such as corilagin and geraniin. Through HPLC analysis, geraniin was found to be present in MEPM at a concentration of 18.87 mg/g. Similar to MEPM, geraniin reduced iNOS mRNA expression and inhibited NO synthesis. It also decreased mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, and inhibited IRAK4 expression and the phosphorylation of MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1 pathways. Therefore, it can be inferred that the anti-inflammatory effects of MEPM are attributable to geraniin. Thus, MEPM and its active compound geraniin are potential candidates for use in natural functional cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak-Dong Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Zou Y, Wang X, Chen P, Zheng Z, Li X, Chen Z, Guo M, Zhou Y, Sun C, Wang R, Zhu W, Zheng P, Cho WJ, Cho YC, Liang G, Tang Q. Fragment-Based Anti-inflammatory Agent Design and Target Identification: Discovery of AF-45 as an IRAK4 Inhibitor to Treat Ulcerative Colitis and Acute Lung Injury. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10687-10709. [PMID: 38913701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
UC and ALI are inflammatory diseases with limited treatment in the clinic. Herein, fragment-based anti-inflammatory agent designs were carried out deriving from cyclohexylamine/cyclobutylamine and several fragments from anti-inflammatory agents in our lab. AF-45 (IC50 = 0.53/0.60 μM on IL-6/TNF-α in THP-1 macrophages) was identified as the optimal molecule using ELISA and MTT assays from the 33 synthesized compounds. Through mechanistic studies and a systematic target search process, AF-45 was found to block the NF-κB/MAPK pathway and target IRAK4, a promising target for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The selectivity of AF-45 targeting IRAK4 was validated by comparing its effects on other kinase/nonkinase proteins. In vivo, AF-45 exhibited a good therapeutic effect on UC and ALI, and favorable PK proprieties. Since there are currently no clinical or preclinical trials for IRAK4 inhibitors to treat UC and ALI, AF-45 provides a new lead compound or candidate targeting IRAK4 for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Xiemin Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Mi Guo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Chenhui Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
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3
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Kim KM, Hwang NH, Hyun JS, Shin D. Recent Advances in IRAK1: Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects. Molecules 2024; 29:2226. [PMID: 38792088 PMCID: PMC11123835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) proteins are pivotal in interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways. They play essential roles in innate immunity and inflammation. This review analyzes and discusses the physiological functions of IRAK1 and its associated diseases. IRAK1 is involved in a wide range of diseases such as dry eye, which highlights its potential as a therapeutic target under various conditions. Various IRAK1 inhibitors, including Pacritinib and Rosoxacin, show therapeutic potential against malignancies and inflammatory diseases. The covalent IRAK1 inhibitor JH-X-119-01 shows promise in B-cell lymphomas, emphasizing the significance of covalent bonds in its activity. Additionally, the emergence of selective IRAK1 degraders, such as JNJ-101, provides a novel strategy by targeting the scaffolding function of IRAK1. Thus, the evolving landscape of IRAK1-targeted approaches provides promising avenues for increasingly safe and effective therapeutic interventions for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ja-Shil Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon 21935, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Hambakmoe-ro 191, Yeunsu-gu, Incheon 21935, Republic of Korea
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Altammar F, Alshamali M, Alqunaee M, Alali AJ, Elshafie RM, Al-Herz W. A case report of a patient with recurrent and severe infections highlighting the importance of considering inborn errors of immunity. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1340367. [PMID: 38487470 PMCID: PMC10938594 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1340367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can often be misdiagnosed early in life due to their heterogenous clinical presentations. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) deficiency is one of the rare innate immunodeficiency disorders. We present the case of a patient who presented at the age of 15 days with meningitis and septic shock that responded to antibiotics. She was admitted again at the age of 45 days with pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia that was associated with increased inflammatory markers. Her third admission was at the age of 2.5 months due to left sided peri-orbital cellulitis that was again associated with elevated inflammatory markers. At 3.5 months, she experienced left orbital cellulitis, which was complicated by extensive sinus involvement, erosion, and abscess formation in the pterygopalatine fossa. Her condition progressed to septic shock and required multiple antibiotics and surgical interventions for drainage and control of the infection source. Both abscess and blood culture were positive for pseudomonas aeruginosa. An IEI was suspected but basic immunology testing was normal. Whole Exome Sequencing was performed and a novel mutation in IRAK4 was detected. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of raising awareness among pediatricians about the potentially lethal IEI and the need to consult specialists when these diseases are suspected. Among them is IRAK-4 deficiency which can be diagnosed by sophisticated functional assays and/or genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajer Altammar
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, New Jahra Hospital, Jahra Medical City, Kuwait
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Alshamali
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, New Jahra Hospital, Jahra Medical City, Kuwait
| | - Marwan Alqunaee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zain Hospital, Sabah Health Region, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sabah Hospital, Sabah Health Region, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad J. Alali
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zain Hospital, Sabah Health Region, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Reem M. Elshafie
- Kuwait Medical Genetic Center, Sabah Health Region, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Allergy & Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sabah Hospital, Sabah Health Region, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Khalilian P, Eskandari N, Sharifi MJ, Soltani M, Nematollahi P. Toll-Like Receptor 4, 2, and Interleukin 1 Receptor Associated Kinase4: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:17. [PMID: 38525404 PMCID: PMC10958736 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_67_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematologic disorder that requires the integration of morphologic, cytogenetic, hematologic, and clinical findings for a successful diagnosis. Trying to find ancillary tests such as biomarkers improve the diagnosis process. Several studies showed that a disordered immune system is associated with MDS. The chronic activated innate immune system, particularly the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) pathway could be involved in the induction of the inflammation. Materials and Methods In the present study, we investigated the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IRAK4 in bone marrow (BM) of MDS patients, the leukemia group, and the healthy group. For this purpose, we assessed the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IRAK4 by real time-PCR. Results In line with new findings, we demonstrated that the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IRAK4 significantly increased in MDS BM compared with the healthy group. Moreover, IRAK4 expression raised significantly in MDS patients compared with other studied hematologic neoplasms. Also, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 significantly increased in MDS in comparison to some studied non-MDS malignancies (P ˂ 0.05). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and area under the curve (AUC) suggested that the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IRAK4 (AUC = 0.702, AUC = 0.75, and AUC = 0.682, respectively) had acceptable diagnostic values to identify MDS from the other understudied leukemias. Conclusion Overall, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IRAK4 could be potential biomarkers for discriminating MDS from some hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Khalilian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Sharifi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pardis Nematollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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6
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Kookli K, Soleimani KT, Amr EF, Ehymayed HM, Zabibah RS, Daminova SB, Saadh MJ, Alsaikhan F, Adil M, Ali MS, Mohtashami S, Akhavan-Sigari R. Role of microRNA-146a in cancer development by regulating apoptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155050. [PMID: 38199132 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite great advances in diagnostic and treatment options for cancer, like chemotherapy surgery, and radiation therapy it continues to remain a major global health concern. Further research is necessary to find new biomarkers and possible treatment methods for cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), tiny non-coding RNAs found naturally in the body, can influence the activity of several target genes. These genes are often disturbed in diseases like cancer, which perturbs functions like differentiation, cell division, cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation. MiR-146a is a commonly and widely used miRNA that is often overexpressed in malignant tumors. The expression of miR-146a has been correlated with many pathological and physiological changes in cancer cells, such as the regulation of various cell death paths. It's been established that the control of cell death pathways has a huge influence on cancer progression. To improve our understanding of the interrelationship between miRNAs and cancer cell apoptosis, it's necessary to explore the impact of miRNAs through the alteration in their expression levels. Research has demonstrated that the appearance and spread of cancer can be mitigated by moderating the expression of certain miRNA - a commencement of treatment that presents a hopeful approach in managing cancer. Consequently, it is essential to explore the implications of miR-146a with respect to inducing different forms of tumor cell death, and evaluate its potential to serve as a target for improved chemotherapy outcomes. Through this review, we provide an outline of miR-146a's biogenesis and function, as well as its significant involvement in apoptosis. As well, we investigate the effects of exosomal miR-146a on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells and look into how it could possibly help combat chemotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keihan Kookli
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Eman Fathy Amr
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Shakhnoza B Daminova
- Department of Prevention of Dental Diseases, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific affairs, Tashkent Medical Pediatric Institute, Bogishamol Street 223, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Saghar Mohtashami
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Lee S, Clémentine C, Kim H. Exploring the genetic factors behind the discrepancy in resistance to bovine tuberculosis between African zebu cattle and European taurine cattle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2370. [PMID: 38287127 PMCID: PMC10824790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Caused by the pathogenic agent Mycobacterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major concern in cattle breeding due to both its zoonotic potential and economic impact. Greater resistance to this disease has been reported in certain African zebu breeds compared to European taurine breeds. However the genetic basis for the lower susceptibility to bTB infection observed in zebu cattle remains poorly explored. This study was conducted on whole genome sequencing data of three bTB infection-resistant African zebu breeds and two bTB infection-susceptible taurine breeds to decipher the genetic background. A set of four selection signature statistics based on linkage disequilibrium, site frequency spectrum, and population differentiation were used on SNPs whereas between population variance based VST and t-test were used on CNVs. As a complement, genes from previous literature reported as candidate genes for bTB resistance were also inspected to identify genetic variations. Interestingly, the resulting nine candidate genes had deleterious missense variants (SHC3, IFNGR1, TLR2, TLR6, IL1A, LRRK2, EP300 and IRAK4) or a CNV difference (CD48) segregating between the groups. The genes found in the study play a role in immune pathways activated during Mycobacterium infection, contributing to the proliferation of immune cells and the granuloma formation, ultimately modulating the outcome of the infectious event. In particular, a deleterious variant in the LRRK2 gene, whose deficiency has been linked to improved prognosis upon tuberculosis infection, was found in the bTB infection-resistant zebu breeds. Therefore, these genes constitute credible candidates in explaining the discrepancy in Mycobacterium bovis infection susceptibility among different breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangJung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Charton Clémentine
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Park Y, Korzun T, Moses AS, Singh P, Levasseur PR, Demessie AA, Sharma KS, Morgan T, Raitmayr CJ, Avila U, Sabei FY, Taratula OR, Marks DL, Taratula O. Targeted Nanocarriers for Systemic Delivery of IRAK4 Inhibitors to Inflamed Tissues. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306270. [PMID: 37702136 PMCID: PMC10840923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent and uncontrolled inflammation is the root cause of various debilitating diseases. Given that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a critical modulator of inflammation, inhibition of its activity with selective drug molecules (IRAK4 inhibitors) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory disorders. To exploit the full potential of this treatment approach, drug carriers for efficient delivery of IRAK4 inhibitors to inflamed tissues are essential. Herein, the first nanoparticle-based platform for the targeted systemic delivery of a clinically tested IRAK4 inhibitor, PF-06650833, with limited aqueous solubility (57 µg mL-1 ) is presented. The developed nanocarriers increase the intrinsic aqueous dispersibility of this IRAK4 inhibitor by 40 times. A targeting peptide on the surface of nanocarriers significantly enhances their accumulation after intravenous injection in inflamed tissues of mice with induced paw edema and ulcerative colitis when compared to non-targeted counterparts. The delivered IRAK4 inhibitor markedly abates inflammation and dramatically suppresses paw edema, mitigates colitis symptoms, and reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels in the affected tissues. Importantly, repeated injections of IRAK4 inhibitor-loaded nanocarriers have no acute toxic effect on major organs of mice. Therefore, the developed nanocarriers have the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of IRAK4 inhibitors for different inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngrong Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Abraham S Moses
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Prem Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Peter R Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Ananiya A Demessie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Kongbrailatpam Shitaljit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Constanze J Raitmayr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Uriel Avila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Fahad Y Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Al Maarefah Rd, Jazan, 88723, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Olena R Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
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Ma Y, Gao Y, Xu R, Li D, Waiho K, Wang Y, Hu M. Combined toxic effects of nanoplastics and norfloxacin on antioxidant and immune genes in mussels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106277. [PMID: 38040551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) and antibiotics (ABs) are two of the emerging marine contaminants that have drawn the most attention in recent years. Given the necessity of figuring out the effects of plastic and antibiotic contamination on marine organism life and population in the natural environment, it is essential to apply rapid and effective biological indicators to evaluate their comprehensive toxic effects. In this study, using mussel (Mytilus coruscus) as a model, we investigated the combined toxic effects of NP (80 nm polystyrene beads) and AB (Norfloxacin, NOR) at environmental-relevant concentrations on antioxidant and immune genes. In terms of the antioxidant genes, NPs significantly increased the relative expression of Cytochrome P450 3A-1 (CYP3A-1) under various concentrations of NOR conditions, but they only significantly increased the relative expression of CYP3A-2 in the high concentration (500 μg L-1 NOR) co-exposure group. In the NP-exposure group which exposed to no or low concentrations of NOR, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was upregulated. In terms of the immune genes, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) -1 showed a significant increase in the low-concentration NOR group while a significant inhibition in the high-concentration NOR group. Due to the presence of NPs, exposure to NOR resulted in a significant increase in both IRAK-4 and heat shock protein (HSP) 70. Our findings indicate that polystyrene NPs can exacerbate the effects of NOR on the anti-oxidant and immune defense performance of mussels. This study delves into the toxic effects of NPs and ABs from a molecular perspective. Given the expected increase in environmental pollution due to NPs and ABs, future research is needed to investigate the potential synergistic effect of NPs and ABs on other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Ma
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Xu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Castelo-Soccio L, Kim H, Gadina M, Schwartzberg PL, Laurence A, O'Shea JJ. Protein kinases: drug targets for immunological disorders. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:787-806. [PMID: 37188939 PMCID: PMC10184645 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases play a major role in cellular activation processes, including signal transduction by diverse immunoreceptors. Given their roles in cell growth and death and in the production of inflammatory mediators, targeting kinases has proven to be an effective treatment strategy, initially as anticancer therapies, but shortly thereafter in immune-mediated diseases. Herein, we provide an overview of the status of small molecule inhibitors specifically generated to target protein kinases relevant to immune cell function, with an emphasis on those approved for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. The development of inhibitors of Janus kinases that target cytokine receptor signalling has been a particularly active area, with Janus kinase inhibitors being approved for the treatment of multiple autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as COVID-19. In addition, TEC family kinase inhibitors (including Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors) targeting antigen receptor signalling have been approved for haematological malignancies and graft versus host disease. This experience provides multiple important lessons regarding the importance (or not) of selectivity and the limits to which genetic information informs efficacy and safety. Many new agents are being generated, along with new approaches for targeting kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Juvenile Myositis Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Behairy MY, Eid RA, Otifi HM, Mohammed HM, Alshehri MA, Asiri A, Aldehri M, Zaki MSA, Darwish KM, Elhady SS, El-Shaer NH, Eldeen MA. Unraveling Extremely Damaging IRAK4 Variants and Their Potential Implications for IRAK4 Inhibitor Efficacy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1648. [PMID: 38138875 PMCID: PMC10744719 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) possesses a crucial function in the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, and the dysfunction of this molecule could lead to various infectious and immune-related diseases in addition to cancers. IRAK4 genetic variants have been linked to various types of diseases. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to recognize the missense variants with the most damaging impacts on IRAK4 with the employment of diverse bioinformatics tools to study single-nucleotide polymorphisms' effects on function, stability, secondary structures, and 3D structure. The residues' location on the protein domain and their conservation status were investigated as well. Moreover, docking tools along with structural biology were engaged in analyzing the SNPs' effects on one of the developed IRAK4 inhibitors. By analyzing IRAK4 gene SNPs, the analysis distinguished ten variants as the most detrimental missense variants. All variants were situated in highly conserved positions on an important protein domain. L318S and L318F mutations were linked to changes in IRAK4 secondary structures. Eight SNPs were revealed to have a decreasing effect on the stability of IRAK4 via both I-Mutant 2.0 and Mu-Pro tools, while Mu-Pro tool identified a decreasing effect for the G198E SNP. In addition, detrimental effects on the 3D structure of IRAK4 were also discovered for the selected variants. Molecular modeling studies highlighted the detrimental impact of these identified SNP mutant residues on the druggability of the IRAK4 ATP-binding site towards the known target inhibitor, HG-12-6, as compared to the native protein. The loss of important ligand residue-wise contacts, altered protein global flexibility, increased steric clashes, and even electronic penalties at the ligand-binding site interfaces were all suggested to be associated with SNP models for hampering the HG-12-6 affinity towards IRAK4 target protein. This given model lays the foundation for the better prediction of various disorders relevant to IRAK4 malfunction and sheds light on the impact of deleterious IRAK4 variants on IRAK4 inhibitor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y. Behairy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 61421, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.E.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Hassan M. Otifi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 61421, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.E.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Heitham M. Mohammed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 61421, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.M.); (M.A.); (M.S.A.Z.)
| | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Ashwag Asiri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Majed Aldehri
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 61421, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.M.); (M.A.); (M.S.A.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 61421, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.M.); (M.A.); (M.S.A.Z.)
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nahla H. El-Shaer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
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12
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Mahmoud IS, Jarrar YB, Febrimarsa. Modulation of IRAK enzymes as a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2909-2923. [PMID: 37061574 PMCID: PMC10105542 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Dysregulated and excessive production of cytokines and chemokines, known as cytokine storm, is frequently seen in patients with severe COVID-19 disease and it can provoke a severe systematic inflammation in the patients. The IL-1R/TLRs/IRAKs signaling network is a key pathway in immune cells that plays a central role in regulating innate immunity and inflammatory responses via stimulating the expression and production of various proinflammatory molecules including cytokines. Modulation of IRAKs activity has been proposed to be a promising strategy in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we highlight the biochemical properties of IRAKs and their role in regulating inflammatory molecular signaling pathways and discuss the potential targeting of IRAKs to suppress the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Yazun Bashir Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Febrimarsa
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
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13
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Green JR, Mahalingaiah PKS, Gopalakrishnan SM, Liguori MJ, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG, Van Vleet TR. Off-target pharmacological activity at various kinases: Potential functional and pathological side effects. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107468. [PMID: 37553032 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, during the lead optimization and candidate characterization stages, novel small molecules are frequently evaluated in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to identify potential unintended, off-target interactions with various receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes, including kinases. Furthermore, these screening panels may also provide utility at later stages of development to provide a mechanistic understanding of unexpected safety findings. Here, we present a compendium of the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interaction(s) to a panel of 95 kinases based on an extensive curation of the scientific literature. This panel of kinases was designed by AbbVie based on safety-related data extracted from the literature, as well as from over 20 years of institutional knowledge generated from discovery efforts. For each kinase, the scientific literature was reviewed using online databases and the most often reported functional and pathological effects were summarized. This work should serve as a practical guide for small molecule drug discovery scientists and clinical investigators to predict and/or interpret adverse effects related to pharmacological interactions with these kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon R Green
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States.
| | | | - Sujatha M Gopalakrishnan
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Michael J Liguori
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Scott W Mittelstadt
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Terry R Van Vleet
- Departments of Preclinical Safety, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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14
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Yadav H, Shirumalla RK. Emerging trends in IRAK-4 kinase research. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7825-7837. [PMID: 37490192 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The IRAK-4 kinase lies at a critical signaling node that drives cancer cell survival through multiple mechanisms, activation, and translocation of NF-κB mediated inflammatory responses and innate immune signaling through regulation of interferon-α/β receptor (IFNα/β). Inhibition, of IRAK-4, has consequently drawn a lot of attention in recent years to address indications ranging from oncology to autoimmune disorders to neurodegeneration, etc. However, the key stumbling block in targeting IRAK-4 is that despite the inhibition of the kinase activity using an inhibitor the target remains effective, reducing the potential of an inhibitor. This is due to the "scaffolding effect" because of which although regulation of downstream processes by IRAK-4 has been primarily linked with kinase function; however, still, various reports have suggested that IRAK-4 has a non-kinase function in a variety of cell types. This is attributed to the myddosome complex formed by IRAK-4 with myd88, IRAK-2, and IRAK-1 which by itself can cause the activation of downstream effector TRAF6 despite inhibition of the kinase domain of IRAK-4. With this challenge, several groups initiated the development of targeting protein degraders of IRAK-4 using Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) technology to completely remove the IRAK-4 from the cellular milieu. In this review, we will capture all these developments and the evolving science around this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Yadav
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - Raj Kumar Shirumalla
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India.
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15
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Hao Y, Ma J, Wang J, Yu X, Li Z, Wu S, Tian S, Ma H, He S, Zhang X. Synthesis and evaluation of dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115616. [PMID: 37413880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a key regulator to control downstream NF-κB and MAPK signals in the innate immune response and has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Herein, a series of IRAK4 inhibitors based on a dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold was developed. Structural modifications of the screening hit 16 (IC50 = 243 nM) led to IRAK4 inhibitors with improved potency but high clearance (Cl) and poor oral bioavailability, as exemplified by compound 21 (IC50 = 6.2 nM, Cl = 43 ml/min/kg, F = 1.6%, LLE = 5.4). Structure modification aimed at improving LLE and reducing clearance identified compound 38. Compound 38 showed significantly improved clearance while maintained excellent biochemical potency against IRAK4 (IC50 = 7.3 nM, Cl = 12 ml/min/kg, F = 21%, LLE = 6.0). Importantly, compound 38 had favorable in vitro safety and ADME profiles. Furthermore, compound 38 reduced the in vitro production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both mouse iBMDMs and human PBMCs and was orally efficacious in the inhibition of serum TNF-α secretion in LPS-induced mouse model. These findings suggested that compound 38 has development potential as an IRAK4 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jiawan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Sudan He
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, PR China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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16
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Bai YR, Yang WG, Hou XH, Shen DD, Zhang SN, Li Y, Qiao YY, Wang SQ, Yuan S, Liu HM. The recent advance of Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115606. [PMID: 37402343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a member of serine-threonine kinase family, which plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) related signaling pathways. At present, the IRAK-4 mediated inflammation and related signaling pathways contribute to inflammation, which are also responsible for other autoimmune diseases and drug resistance in cancers. Therefore, targeting IRAK-4 to develop single-target, multi-target inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders is an important direction for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Moreover, insight into the mechanism of action and structural optimization of the reported IRAK-4 inhibitors will provide the new direction to enrich the clinical therapies for inflammation and related diseases. In this comprehensive review, we introduced the recent advance of IRAK-4 inhibitors and degraders with regards to structural optimization, mechanism of action and clinical application that would be helpful for the development of more potent chemical entities against IRAK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Xue-Hui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan Li
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qiao
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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17
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Hao Y, Wang J, Ma J, Yu X, Li Z, Wu S, Tian S, Ma H, He S, Zhang X. Design, synthesis, evaluation and optimization of potent IRAK4 inhibitors alleviating production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced SIRS model. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106584. [PMID: 37163814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) has emerged as a therapeutic target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Through reversing the amide of CA-4948 and computer aided structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a series of IRAK4 inhibitors with oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold were identified. Compound 32 showed improved potency (IC50 = 43 nM) compared to CA-4948 (IC50 = 115 nM), but suffered from hERG inhibition (IC50 = 5.7 μM). Further optimization led to compound 42 with reduced inhibition of hERG (IC50 > 30 μM) and 13-fold higher activity (IC50 = 8.9 nM) than CA-4948. Importantly, compound 42 had favorable in vitro ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, compound 42 significantly reduced LPS-induced production of serum TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines in the mouse model. The overall profiles of compound 42 support it as a lead for the development of IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiawan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sudan He
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, 100005, P. R. China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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18
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Campbell GR, Rawat P, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA. IRAK1 inhibition blocks the HIV-1 RNA mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine response from microglia. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001858. [PMID: 37256770 PMCID: PMC10336426 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a common source of morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has lessened the severity of neurocognitive disorders, cognitive impairment still occurs in PLWH receiving ART. The pathogenesis of HAND is likely multifaceted, but common factors include the persistence of HIV transcription within the central nervous system, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the presence of activated microglia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are innate pathogen recognition receptors located in microglia and other immune and non-immune cells that can recognise HIV RNA and trigger pro-inflammatory responses. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1 is key to these signalling pathways. Here, we show that IRAK1 inhibition inhibits the TLR7 and TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory response to HIV RNA. Using genetic and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that inhibition of IRAK1 prevents IRAK1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and the subsequent recruitment of TRAF6 and the TAK1 complex to IRAK1, resulting in the inhibition of downstream signalling and the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Campbell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Pratima Rawat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Present address: Microbiologics Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Anti-inflammatory Effect of a Limonin Derivative In Vivo and Its Mechanisms in RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2023; 46:190-201. [PMID: 35986873 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A potential new limonoid derivative, (12S,12aS)-6,6,8a,12a-tetramethyl-12-(5-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanoyl)furan-3-yl)decahydro-1H,3H-oxireno[2,3-d]pyrano[4',3':3,3a]isobenzofuro[5,4-f]isochromene-3,8,10(6H,9aH)-trione (I-C-1), has been screened for its anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activities of I-C-1 and to further explore the underlying mechanisms of these activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. We verified the anti-inflammatory activity of I-C-1 in vivo by a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in mice. Further, we found that I-C-1 significantly inhibited levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. I-C-1 demonstrated strong inhibition of the NF-κB activation through repression of the IKKα and IKKβ phosphorylations, as well as a significant suppression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt) pathway, an upstream of the NF-κB pathway. Additionally, we verified the inhibitory effect of I-C-1 on PI3K phosphorylation by immunofluorescence assay and compared the effects of I-C-1 with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. The data indicated that I-C-1 likely acts as an inhibitor of PI3K, exerting anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on these findings, we believe that I-C-1 has the potential to be further developed as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory-related diseases.
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20
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Drug Repositioning Applied to Cardiovascular Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122085. [PMID: 36556450 PMCID: PMC9784427 DOI: 10.3390/life12122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are genetic metabolic diseases characterized by defects in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases. In MPS, secondary cell disturbance affects pathways related to cardiovascular disorders. Hence, the study aimed to identify MPS-related drugs targeting cardiovascular disease and select a list of drugs for repositioning. We obtained a list of differentially expressed genes and pathways. To identify drug perturbation-driven gene expression and drug pathways interactions, we used the CMAP and LINCS databases. For molecular docking, we used the DockThor web server. Our results suggest that pirfenidone and colchicine are promising drugs to treat cardiovascular disease in MPS patients. We also provide a brief description of good practices for the repositioning analysis. Furthermore, the list of drugs and related MPS-enriched genes could be helpful to new treatments and considered for pathophysiological studies.
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21
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Mestrallet G, Sone K, Bhardwaj N. Strategies to overcome DC dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980709. [PMID: 36275666 PMCID: PMC9583271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role to modulate anti-cancer immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They link innate to adaptive immunity by processing and presenting tumor antigens to T cells thereby initiating an anti-tumor response. However, subsets of DCs also induce immune-tolerance, leading to tumor immune escape. In this regard, the TME plays a major role in adversely affecting DC function. Better understanding of DC impairment mechanisms in the TME will lead to more efficient DC-targeting immunotherapy. Here, we review the different subtypes and functions of DCs in the TME, including conventional DCs, plasmacytoid DC and the newly proposed subset, mregDC. We further focus on how cancer cells modulate DCs to escape from the host’s immune-surveillance. Immune checkpoint expression, small molecule mediators, metabolites, deprivation of pro-immunogenic and release of pro-tumorigenic cytokine secretion by tumors and tumor-attracted immuno-suppressive cells inhibit DC differentiation and function. Finally, we discuss the impact of established therapies on DCs, such as immune checkpoint blockade. Creative DC-targeted therapeutic strategies will be highlighted, including cancer vaccines and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kazuki Sone
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Extramural Member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nina Bhardwaj,
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22
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Li Q, Li R, Yin H, Wang S, Liu B, Li J, Zhou M, Yan Q, Lu L. Oral IRAK4 inhibitor BAY-1834845 prevents acute respiratory distress syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113459. [PMID: 36076574 PMCID: PMC9339262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lethal clinical entity that has become an emergency event with the outbreak of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no well-proven pharmacotherapies except dexamethasone. This study is aimed to evaluate IRAK4 inhibitors as a potential treatment for ARDS-cytokine release syndrome (CRS). We applied two IRAK4 inhibitors, BAY-1834845 and PF-06650833 to an inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS mouse model with control of high dose dexamethasone (10 mg/kg). Unexpectedly, although both compounds had excellent IC50 on IRAK4 kinase activity, only BAY-1834845 but not PF-06650833 or high dose dexamethasone could significantly prevent lung injury according to a blinded pathology scoring. Further, only BAY-1834845 and BAY-1834845 combined with dexamethasone could effectively improve the injury score of pre-existed ARDS. Compared with PF-06650833 and high dose dexamethasone, BAY-1834845 remarkably decreased inflammatory cells infiltrating lung tissue and neutrophil count in BALF. BAY-1834845, DEX, and the combination of the two agents could decrease BALF total T cells, monocyte, and macrophages. In further cell type enrichment analysis based on lung tissue RNA-seq, both BAY-1834845 and dexamethasone decreased signatures of inflammatory cells and effector lymphocytes. Interestingly, unlike the dexamethasone group, BAY-1834845 largely preserved the signatures of naïve lymphocytes and stromal cells such as endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Differential gene enrichment suggested that BAY-1834845 downregulated genes more efficiently than dexamethasone, especially TNF, IL-17, interferon, and Toll-like receptor signaling.
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23
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Campbell GR, Rawat P, Spector SA. Pacritinib Inhibition of IRAK1 Blocks Aberrant TLR8 Signalling by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1-Derived RNA. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:96-106. [PMID: 35785771 PMCID: PMC10643889 DOI: 10.1159/000525292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages promote an early host response to infection by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6. One of the mechanisms through which cells sense pathogenic microorganisms is through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1, IRAK2, IRAK3, and IRAK4 are integral to TLR and IL-1 receptor signalling pathways. Recent studies suggest a role for aberrant TLR8 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during both COVID-19 and HIV-1 infection. Here, we show that pacritinib inhibits the TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine response elicited by GU-rich single-stranded RNA derived from SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. Using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition, we demonstrate that pacritinib inhibits IRAK1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination which then inhibits the recruitment of the TAK1 complex to IRAK1, thus inhibiting the activation of downstream signalling and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pratima Rawat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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24
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Abraham C, Abreu MT, Turner JR. Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Cytokine Networks in Microbial Defenses and Regulation of Intestinal Barriers: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1602-1616.e6. [PMID: 35149024 PMCID: PMC9112237 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by defects in epithelial function and dysregulated inflammatory signaling by lamina propria mononuclear cells including macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbiota. In this review, we focus on the role of pattern recognition receptors in the inflammatory response as well as epithelial barrier regulation. We explore cytokine networks that increase inflammation, regulate paracellular permeability, cause epithelial damage, up-regulate epithelial proliferation, and trigger restitutive processes. We focus on studies using patient samples as well as speculate on pathways that can be targeted to more holistically treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Maria T. Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Li L, Liu S, Tan J, Wei L, Wu D, Gao S, Weng Y, Chen J. Recent advance in treatment of atherosclerosis: Key targets and plaque-positioned delivery strategies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221088509. [PMID: 35356091 PMCID: PMC8958685 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of vascular wall, is a progressive pathophysiological process with lipids oxidation/depositing initiation and innate/adaptive immune responses. The coordination of multi systems covering oxidative stress, dysfunctional endothelium, diseased lipid uptake, cell apoptosis, thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responding as well as switched SMCs contributes to plaque growth. In this circumstance, inevitably, targeting these processes is considered to be effective for treating atherosclerosis. Arriving, retention and working of payload candidates mediated by targets in lesion direct ultimate therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating a series of scientific studies and clinical practice in the past decades, lesion homing delivery strategies including stent/balloon/nanoparticle-based transportation worked as the potent promotor to ensure a therapeutic effect. The objective of this review is to achieve a very brief summary about the effective therapeutic methods cooperating specifical targets and positioning-delivery strategies in atherosclerosis for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dimeng Wu
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
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26
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Li M, Li H, Ran X, Yin H, Luo X, Chen Z. Effects of adenovirus-mediated knockdown of IRAK4 on synovitis in the osteoarthritis rabbit model. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:294. [PMID: 34863246 PMCID: PMC8643028 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor as a treatment for the inflammatory joint disease is a promising method. However, its underlying mechanism in osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to look into the effects of adenovirus-mediated knockdown of IRAK4 on synovitis in the OA rabbit model. METHODS Ad-shIRAK4 was injected two weeks after anterior cruciate ligament resection. Six weeks later, the rabbits were killed. The expression of IRAK4, TNFR-associated factor 6(TRAF6), TGF-activated kinase 1(TAK1), p-IKB kinase (p-IKK), p-nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NFκB), p38, and p-p38 in the synovial membrane was detected by western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Immunohistochemistry was to detect the expression of IRAK4 proteins in articular cartilage. H&E staining was to assess the pathological changes of synovium and cartilage. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and MMP-13 in the synovial fluid were measured by ELISA. X-ray and micro-computerized tomography (μCT) scans were used to assess knee joint conditions and microstructure of subchondral bone. RESULTS IRAK4 expression levels in synovial tissues of the OA model group exhibited a significant upward trend. Ad-shIRAK4 significantly reduced IRAK4 mRNA expression in synovium tissues. Notably, Ad-shIRAK4 suppressed the Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) signaling. In addition, in the Ad-shIRAK4 treatment group, we can see less inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced hyperplasia and angiogenesis. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-13 in the synovial fluid in the OA model group were significantly higher than that in the control group, which were reduced by Ad-shIRAK4 treatment. Finally, Results of HE stains, immunohistochemistry, and μCT showed that Ad-shIRAK4 treatment has a protective effect on cartilage damage. CONCLUSIONS IRAK4 is significantly upregulated in the synovium from the osteoarthritis rabbit model. In addition, Ad-shIRAK4 reduced the expression of IRAK4 and suppressed TLR/IL-1R signaling in the synovium from the osteoarthritis rabbit model. Ad-shIRAK4 could alleviate synovitis and cartilage degradation in the osteoarthritis rabbit model, and thus alleviate the symptoms of OA and prevent the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhe Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huiyun Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xun Ran
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Han Yin
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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27
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Mahmoud IS, Hatmal MM, Abuarqoub D, Esawi E, Zalloum H, Wehaibi S, Nsairat H, Alshaer W. 1,4-Naphthoquinone Is a Potent Inhibitor of IRAK1 Kinases and the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in THP-1 Differentiated Macrophages. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25299-25310. [PMID: 34632188 PMCID: PMC8495692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Quinones are a class of cyclic organic compounds that are widely distributed in nature and have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancerous activities. However, the molecular mechanisms/signaling by which these molecules exert their effect are still not fully understood. In this study, a group of quinone-derived compounds were examined for their potential inhibitory effect against human IRAK1 and IRAK4 kinases in vitro. We have identified five compounds: 1,4-naphthoquinone, emodin, shikonin, plumbagin, and menadione (vitamin K3) as active and selective inhibitors of human IRAK1 enzyme in vitro. The biochemical binding and molecular interactions between the active compounds and IRAK1's catalytic site were demonstrated in silico using structural-based docking and dynamic simulation analysis. Also, 1,4-naphthoquinone was found to effectively inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines overexpressing IRAK1. Furthermore, 1,4-naphthoquinone potently suppressed the production and secretion of key proinflammatory cytokine proteins IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated PMA-induced human THP-1 macrophages. In conclusion, 1,4-naphthoquinone is an effective inhibitor of IRAK1 kinases and their mediated inflammatory cytokines production in LPS-stimulated PMA-induced human THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sami Mahmoud
- Department
of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department
of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Cell
Therapy Centre, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department
of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical
Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Ezaldeen Esawi
- Cell
Therapy Centre, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King
Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Hiba Zalloum
- Hamdi
Mango Centre for Scientific Research, The
University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell
Therapy Centre, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell
Therapy Centre, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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28
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Khanfar MA. Structure-Based Pharmacophore Screening Coupled with QSAR Analysis Identified Potent Natural-Product-Derived IRAK-4 Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2021; 40:e2100025. [PMID: 34427398 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK-4) has crucial functions in inflammation, innate immunity, and malignancy. Structure-based pharmacophore modeling integrated with validated QSAR analysis was implemented to discover structurally novel IRAK-4 inhibitors from natural products database. The QSAR model combined molecular descriptors with structure-based pharmacophore capable of explaining bioactivity variation of structurally diverse IRAK-4 inhibitors. Manually built pharmacophore model, validated with receiver operating characteristic curve, and selected using the statistically optimum QSAR equation, was applied as a 3D-search query to mine AnalytiCon Discovery database of natural products. Experimental in vitro testing of highest-ranked hits identified uvaretin, saucerneol, and salvianolic acid B as active IRAK-4 inhibitors with IC50 values in low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khanfar
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Al Takhassusi Rd, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 1, 1533, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, P.O Box 13140, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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29
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Ozbayer C, Kebapci MN, Kurt H, Colak E, Gunes HV, Degirmenci I. Potential associations between variants of genes encoding regulators of inflammation, and mediators of inflammation in type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:1395-1403. [PMID: 34145611 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a multigenic disease that develops with impaired β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and has a high prevalence worldwide. A cause often postulated for type 2 diabetes is chronic inflammation. It has been suggested that inflammatory regulators can inhibit insulin signal transduction and that inflammation is involved in insulin resistance (IR) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In this direction, we aimed to investigate the gene variants of MyD88 (rs1319438, rs199396), IRAK4 (rs1461567, rs4251513, rs4251559) and TRAF6 (rs331455, rs331457) and serum levels of COX-2, NF-κB, iNOS in T2DM and IR. METHODS The MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 variations were genotyped in 100 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 100 non-diabetic individuals using The MassARRAY® Iplex GOLD SNP genotyping method. The COX-2, iNOS and NF-κB levels were measured in serum samples with the sandwich-ELISA method. Results were analysed using SPSS Statistics software and the online FINNETI program. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In our study, a total of the 7 variants in the MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 genes were genotyped, and as a result, no relationship was found between most of these variants and the risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance (p > 0.05). Only, the rs1461567 variant of the IRAK4 gene was significant in the heterozygous model (CC vs. CT), and the CT genotype was most frequent in diabetic individuals compared with the non-diabetics (p = 0.033). Additionally, COX-2 and iNOS levels were found to be associated with diabetes and insulin resistance (p < 0.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our results show that high COX-2 and iNOS levels are associated with T2DM, besides MyD88, IRAK4 and TRAF6 gene variations may not be closely related to type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, studies in this pathway with a different population and a large number of patients are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Ozbayer
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Medine Nur Kebapci
- Medical Faculty, Department of Endocrinology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hulyam Kurt
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Colak
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Veysi Gunes
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Degirmenci
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Medicine Huaqiao University Quanzhou 362021 P. R. China
| | - Jieqing Liu
- School of Medicine Huaqiao University Quanzhou 362021 P. R. China
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31
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Hie B, Bryson BD, Berger B. Leveraging Uncertainty in Machine Learning Accelerates Biological Discovery and Design. Cell Syst 2020; 11:461-477.e9. [PMID: 33065027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning that generates biological hypotheses has transformative potential, but most learning algorithms are susceptible to pathological failure when exploring regimes beyond the training data distribution. A solution to address this issue is to quantify prediction uncertainty so that algorithms can gracefully handle novel phenomena that confound standard methods. Here, we demonstrate the broad utility of robust uncertainty prediction in biological discovery. By leveraging Gaussian process-based uncertainty prediction on modern pre-trained features, we train a model on just 72 compounds to make predictions over a 10,833-compound library, identifying and experimentally validating compounds with nanomolar affinity for diverse kinases and whole-cell growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Uncertainty facilitates a tight iterative loop between computation and experimentation and generalizes across biological domains as diverse as protein engineering and single-cell transcriptomics. More broadly, our work demonstrates that uncertainty should play a key role in the increasing adoption of machine learning algorithms into the experimental lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hie
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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32
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Ramadass V, Vaiyapuri T, Tergaonkar V. Small Molecule NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5164. [PMID: 32708302 PMCID: PMC7404026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is implicated in all major human chronic diseases, with its role in transcription of hundreds of gene well established in the literature. This has propelled research into targeting the NF-κB pathways for modulating expression of those genes and the diseases mediated by them. In-spite of the critical, but often promiscuous role played by this pathway and the inhibition causing adverse drug reaction, currently many biologics, macromolecules, and small molecules that modulate this pathway are in the market or in clinical trials. Furthermore, many marketed drugs that were later found to also have NF-κB targeting activity were repurposed for new therapeutic interventions. Despite the rising importance of biologics in drug discovery, small molecules got around 76% of US-FDA (Food and Drug Administration-US) approval in the last decade. This encouraged us to review information regarding clinically relevant small molecule inhibitors of the NF-κB pathway from cell surface receptor stimulation to nuclear signaling. We have also highlighted the underexplored targets in this pathway that have potential to succeed in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Department of Pathology, NUS, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Kondo M, Tahara A, Hayashi K, Inami H, Ishikawa T, Tomura Y. Therapeutic effects of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitor AS2444697 on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1197-1209. [PMID: 31974740 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal inflammation is a final common pathway of chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy, which is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and is associated with high cardiovascular risk and significant morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a pivotal molecule for IL-1 receptor- and Toll-like receptor-induced activation of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective properties of IRAK-4 inhibitor AS2444697 in KK/Ay type 2 diabetic mice. Four-week repeated administration of AS2444697 dose-dependently and significantly improved albuminuria; hyperfiltration, as measured by creatinine clearance; renal injury, including glomerulosclerosis; tubular injury markers, including urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity; and glomerular podocyte injury markers, including urinary nephrin excretion. In addition, AS2444697 attenuated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6; plasma levels of endothelial dysfunction markers, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1; and plasma levels and renal contents of oxidative stress markers. In contrast, AS2444697 did not significantly affect food intake or blood glucose levels. These results suggest that AS2444697 attenuates the progression of diabetic nephropathy mainly via anti-inflammatory mechanisms through inhibition of IRAK-4 activity under diabetic conditions and may represent a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kondo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Atsuo Tahara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Hayashi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inami
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tomura
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
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34
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Pan B, Gao J, Chen W, Liu C, Shang L, Xu M, Fu C, Zhu S, Niu M, Xu K. Selective inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106597. [PMID: 32422509 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs), particularly IRAK1 and IRAK4, are important in transducing signal from Toll-like receptor 4. We interrogated if a selective inhibition of IRAK1 could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. In this study, we tested the impact of a novel selective IRAK1 inhibitor Jh-X-119-01 on LPS-induced sepsis in mice. Survival at day 5 was 13.3% in control group where septic mice were treated by vehicle, while the values were 37.5% (p = 0.046, vs. control) and 56.3% (p = 0.003, vs. control) for 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg Jh-X-119-01-treated mice. Jh-X-119-01 alleviated lung injury and reduced production of TNFα and IFNγ in peritoneal macrophages. Jh-X-119-01 decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNFα in LPS-treated macrophages in vitro. Jh-X-119-01 selectively inhibited IRAK1 phosphorylation comparing with a non-selective IRAK1/4 inhibitor which simultaneously inhibited phosphorylation of IRAK1 and IRAK4. Both Jh-X-119-01 and IRAK1/4 inhibitor increased survival of septic mice, but Jh-X-119-01-treated mice had higher blood CD11b+ cell counts than IRAK1/4 inhibitor-treated ones [24 h: (1.18 ± 0.26) × 106/ml vs. (0.79 ± 0.20) × 106/ml, p = 0.001; 48 h: (1.00 ± 0.30) × 106/ml vs. (0.67 ± 0.23) × 106/ml, p = 0.042]. IRAK1/4 inhibitor induced more apoptosis of macrophages than Jh-X-119-01 did in vitro. IRAK1/4 inhibitor decreased protein levels of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and MCL-1 in RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells, an effect not seen in Jh-X-119-01-treated cells. In conclusion, Jh-X-119-01 selectively inhibited activation of IRAK1 and protected mice from LPS-induced sepsis. Jh-X-119-01 showed less toxicity on macrophages comparing with a non-selective IRAK1/4 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Longmei Shang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shengyun Zhu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Wiese MD, Manning-Bennett AT, Abuhelwa AY. Investigational IRAK-4 inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:475-482. [PMID: 32255710 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1752660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease that can lead to permanent disability and deformity. Despite current treatment modalities, many patients are still unable to reach remission. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) inhibitors are novel agents designed to suppress immune signaling pathways involved in inflammation and joint destruction in RA. Four IRAK-4 inhibitors have entered clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current stage of development of IRAK-4 inhibitors in clinical trials, detailing their chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic potential in the treatment of RA. PubMed, Embase and restricted Google searches were conducted using the term 'IRAK-4', and publicly accessible clinical trial databases were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION IRAK-4 inhibitors are an exciting therapeutic option in RA management because unlike other targeted disease-modifying agents, they target the innate immune system. The role of IRAK-4 as a key component of Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor signaling and its potential for a low rate of infectious complications is particularly exciting and this may facilitate their use in combination treatment. A key aspect of upcoming clinical trials will be the identification of biomarkers predictive of treatment efficacy, which will help to define if and how they will be used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wiese
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation Group, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arkady T Manning-Bennett
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Innovation Group, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ahmad Y Abuhelwa
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia.,Australian Centre for Precision Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia , Adelaide, Australia
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36
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Bedell HW, Schaub NJ, Capadona JR, Ereifej ES. Differential expression of genes involved in the acute innate immune response to intracortical microelectrodes. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:205-219. [PMID: 31733330 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Higher order tasks in development for brain-computer interfacing applications require the invasiveness of intracortical microelectrodes. Unfortunately, the resulting inflammatory response contributes to the decline of detectable neural signal. The major components of the neuroinflammatory response to microelectrodes have been well-documented with histological imaging, leading to the identification of broad pathways of interest for its inhibition such as oxidative stress and innate immunity. To understand how to mitigate the neuroinflammatory response, a more precise understanding is required. Advancements in genotyping have led the development of new tools for developing temporal gene expression profiles. Therefore, we have meticulously characterized the gene expression profiles of the neuroinflammatory response to mice implanted with non-functional intracortical probes. A time course of differential acute expression of genes of the innate immune response were compared to naïve sham mice, identifying significant changes following implantation. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 22 genes that could inform future therapeutic targets. Particular emphasis is placed on the largest changes in gene expression occurring 24 h post-implantation, and in genes that are involved in multiple innate immune sets including Itgam, Cd14, and Irak4. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current understanding of the cellular response contributing to the failure of intracortical microelectrodes has been limited to the evaluation of cellular presence around the electrode. Minimal research investigating gene expression profiles of these cells has left a knowledge gap identifying their phenotype. This manuscript represents the first robust investigation of the changes in gene expression levels specific to the innate immune response following intracortical microelectrode implantation. To understand the role of the complement system in response to implanted probes, we performed gene expression profiling over acute time points from implanted subjects and compared them to no-surgery controls. This manuscript provides valuable insights into inflammatory mechanisms at the tissue-probe interface, thus having a high impact on those using intracortical microelectrodes to study and treat neurological diseases and injuries.
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Guillamot M, Ouazia D, Dolgalev I, Yeung ST, Kourtis N, Dai Y, Corrigan K, Zea-Redondo L, Saraf A, Florens L, Washburn MP, Tikhonova AN, Malumbres M, Gong Y, Tsirigos A, Park C, Barbieri C, Khanna KM, Busino L, Aifantis I. The E3 ubiquitin ligase SPOP controls resolution of systemic inflammation by triggering MYD88 degradation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1196-1207. [PMID: 31406379 PMCID: PMC7376385 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The response to systemic infection and injury requires the rapid adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which proliferate and divert their differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. Significant interest has emerged in understanding the signals that trigger the emergency hematopoietic program. However, the mechanisms that halt this response of HSCs, which is critical to restore homeostasis, remain unknown. Here we reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Speckle-type BTB-POZ protein (SPOP) restrains the inflammatory activation of HSCs. In the absence of Spop, systemic inflammation proceeded in an unresolved manner, and the sustained response in the HSCs resulted in a lethal phenotype reminiscent of hyper-inflammatory syndrome or sepsis. Our proteomic studies decipher that SPOP restricted inflammation by ubiquitinating the innate signal transducer myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88). These findings unearth an HSC-intrinsic post-translational mechanism that is essential for reestablishing homeostasis after emergency hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guillamot
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
| | - Dahmane Ouazia
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen T. Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikos Kourtis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuling Dai
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Corrigan
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luna Zea-Redondo
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Michael P. Washburn
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anastasia N. Tikhonova
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Malumbres
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiao Gong
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Park
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kamal M. Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,These authors jointly supervised this work: Luca Busino and Iannis Aifantis.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Maria Guillamot, Dahmane Ouazia.,These authors jointly supervised this work: Luca Busino and Iannis Aifantis.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.G., L.B. or I.A., ; ;
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38
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Nunes J, McGonagle GA, Eden J, Kiritharan G, Touzet M, Lewell X, Emery J, Eidam H, Harling JD, Anderson NA. Targeting IRAK4 for Degradation with PROTACs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1081-1085. [PMID: 31312412 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a key mediator of innate immunity. IRAK4 overactivation is linked with several autoimmune diseases. To date, many IRAK4 inhibitors have been developed to block the protein's kinase activity with the most advanced reaching Phase II clinical trials. Nevertheless, several reports suggest kinase activity is not disease-relevant in certain cell types, so removing scaffolding signaling in addition to IRAK4 kinase activity may offer a better therapeutic outcome. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of an IRAK4 Proteolysis Targeted Chimera (PROTAC). We show that IRAK4 degradation induced by compound 9 leads to the inhibition of multiple cytokines in PBMCs. However, in IL-1β stimulated human dermal fibroblasts, inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α release was not observed despite IRAK4 degradation. Nonetheless, the possibility of targeting both IRAK4 kinase and scaffolding function could potentially lead to new therapeutic opportunities to treat autoimmune, inflammatory, and oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Nunes
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Grant A. McGonagle
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jessica Eden
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Girieshanie Kiritharan
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Megane Touzet
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Xiao Lewell
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John Emery
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Hilary Eidam
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - John D. Harling
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Niall A. Anderson
- Protein Degradation Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, U.K
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39
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Celhar T, Lu HK, Benso L, Rakhilina L, Lee HY, Tripathi S, Zharkova O, Ong WY, Yasuga H, Au B, Marlier D, Lim LHK, Thamboo TP, Mudgett JS, Mackey MF, Zaller DM, Connolly JE, Fairhurst AM. TLR7 Protein Expression in Mild and Severe Lupus-Prone Models Is Regulated in a Leukocyte, Genetic, and IRAK4 Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1546. [PMID: 31354711 PMCID: PMC6636428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in autoimmunity, together with the emerging autoimmune-related side effects of cancer immunotherapy, have furthered a need for understanding of immune tolerance and activation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the archetypical autoimmune disease, affecting multiple organs, and tissues. Studying SLE creates knowledge relevant not just for autoimmunity, but the immune system in general. Murine models and patient studies have provided increasing evidence for the innate immune toll like receptor-7 (TLR7) in disease initiation and progression. Here, we demonstrated that the kinase activity of the TLR7-downstream signaling molecule, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), is essential for mild and severe autoimmune traits of the Sle1 and Sle1-TLR7 transgenic (Sle1Tg7) murine models, respectively. Elimination of IRAK4 signaling prevented all pathological traits associated with murine lupus, including splenomegaly with leukocyte expansion, detectable circulating antinuclear antibodies and glomerulonephritis, in both Sle1 and Sle1Tg7 mice. The expansion of germinal center B cells and increased effector memory T cell phenotypes that are typical of lupus-prone strains, were also prevented with IRAK4 kinase elimination. Analysis of renal leukocyte infiltrates confirmed our earlier findings of an expanded conventional dendritic cell (cDC) within the kidneys of nephritic mice, and this was prevented with IRAK4 kinase elimination. Analysis of TLR7 at the protein level revealed that the expression in immune cells is dependent on the TLR7-transgene itself and/or autoimmune disease factors in a cell-specific manner. Increased TLR7 protein expression in renal macrophages and cDCs correlated with disease parameters such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and the frequency of leukocytes infiltrating the kidney. These findings suggest that controlling the level of TLR7 or downstream signaling within myeloid populations may prevent chronic inflammation and severe nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Kim Lu
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lia Benso
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Hui Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shubhita Tripathi
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olga Zharkova
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yee Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroko Yasuga
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bijin Au
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lina Hsiu Kim Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - John E Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Bryan MC, Drobnick J, Gobbi A, Kolesnikov A, Chen Y, Rajapaksa N, Ndubaku C, Feng J, Chang W, Francis R, Yu C, Choo EF, DeMent K, Ran Y, An L, Emson C, Huang Z, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Brightbill H, DiPasquale A, Maher J, Wai J, McKenzie BS, Lupardus PJ, Zarrin AA, Kiefer JR. Development of Potent and Selective Pyrazolopyrimidine IRAK4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6223-6240. [PMID: 31082230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors of IRAK4 were developed from a high-throughput screen (HTS). Modification of an HTS hit led to a series of bicyclic heterocycles with improved potency and kinase selectivity but lacking sufficient solubility to progress in vivo. Structure-based drug design, informed by cocrystal structures with the protein and small-molecule crystal structures, yielded a series of dihydrobenzofurans. This semisaturated bicycle provided superior druglike properties while maintaining excellent potency and selectivity. Improved physicochemical properties allowed for progression into in vivo experiments, where lead molecules exhibited low clearance and showed target-based inhibition of IRAK4 signaling in an inflammation-mediated PK/PD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian C Bryan
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joy Drobnick
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Aleksandr Kolesnikov
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi Apptec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Naomi Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jianwen Feng
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Willy Chang
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ross Francis
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Claire Emson
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | | | - Hans Brightbill
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Antonio DiPasquale
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi Apptec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Patrick J Lupardus
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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Zaro BW, Vinogradova EV, Lazar DC, Blewett MM, Suciu RM, Takaya J, Studer S, de la Torre JC, Casanova JL, Cravatt BF, Teijaro JR. Dimethyl Fumarate Disrupts Human Innate Immune Signaling by Targeting the IRAK4-MyD88 Complex. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2737-2746. [PMID: 30885957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a prescribed treatment for multiple sclerosis and has also been used to treat psoriasis. The electrophilicity of DMF suggests that its immunosuppressive activity is related to the covalent modification of cysteine residues in the human proteome. Nonetheless, our understanding of the proteins modified by DMF in human immune cells and the functional consequences of these reactions remains incomplete. In this study, we report that DMF inhibits human plasmacytoid dendritic cell function through a mechanism of action that is independent of the major electrophile sensor NRF2. Using chemical proteomics, we instead identify cysteine 13 of the innate immune kinase IRAK4 as a principal cellular target of DMF. We show that DMF blocks IRAK4-MyD88 interactions and IRAK4-mediated cytokine production in a cysteine 13-dependent manner. Our studies thus identify a proteomic hotspot for DMF action that constitutes a druggable protein-protein interface crucial for initiating innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balyn W Zaro
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Daniel C Lazar
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Megan M Blewett
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Radu M Suciu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Junichiro Takaya
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sean Studer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
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42
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Khanfar MA, Alqtaishat S. Discovery of potent IRAK-4 inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents using structure-based exploration of IRAK-4 pharmacophoric space coupled with QSAR analyses. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 79:147-154. [PMID: 30818109 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK-4) has an important role in immunity, inflammation, and malignancy. The significant role of IRAK-4 makes it an interesting target for the discovery and development of potent small molecule inhibitors. In the current study, multiple linear regression -based QSAR analyses coupled with structure-based pharmacophoric exploration was applied to reveal the structural and physiochemical properties required for IRAK-4 inhibition. Manually built pharmacophoric models were initially validated with receiver operating characteristic curve, and best-ranked models were subsequently integrated in QSAR analysis along with other physiochemical descriptors. The pharmacophore model, selected using the statistically optimum QSAR equation, was implied as a 3D-search filter to mine the National Cancer Institute database for novel IRAK-4 inhibitors. Whereas the associated QSAR model prioritized the bioactivities of captured hits for in vitro evaluation. Experimental validation identified several potent IRAK-4 inhibitors of novel structural scaffolds. The most potent captured hit exhibited an IC50 value of 157 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khanfar
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saja Alqtaishat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, P.O Box 13140, Amman 11942, Jordan
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43
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Design of a Novel and Selective IRAK4 Inhibitor Using Topological Water Network Analysis and Molecular Modeling Approaches. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123136. [PMID: 30501110 PMCID: PMC6321621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are deeply involved in immune-related diseases and various cancers. They are a potential target for structure-based drug discovery, since the general structure and characteristics of kinase domains are relatively well-known. However, the ATP binding sites in protein kinases, which serve as target sites, are highly conserved, and thus it is difficult to develop selective kinase inhibitors. To resolve this problem, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on 26 kinases in the aqueous solution, and analyzed topological water networks (TWNs) in their ATP binding sites. Repositioning of a known kinase inhibitor in the ATP binding sites of kinases that exhibited a TWN similar to interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) allowed us to identify a hit molecule. Another hit molecule was obtained from a commercial chemical library using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular docking approaches. Pharmacophoric features of the hit molecules were hybridized to design a novel compound that inhibited IRAK4 at low nanomolar levels in the in vitro assay.
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44
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Wright SW, Li B, Peng Z, Wei L, McInturff E, Place D, Damon DB, Singer RA. Improvements to Enable the Large Scale Synthesis of 1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide (PF-06650833). Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Wright
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bryan Li
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhihui Peng
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lulin Wei
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emma McInturff
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Place
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David B. Damon
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert A. Singer
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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45
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Hjorton K, Hagberg N, Israelsson E, Jinton L, Berggren O, Sandling JK, Thörn K, Mo J, Eloranta ML, Rönnblom L. Cytokine production by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and natural killer cells is suppressed by an IRAK4 inhibitor. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:238. [PMID: 30355354 PMCID: PMC6235225 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), immune complexes (ICs) containing self-derived nucleic acids trigger the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. We asked how an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 small molecule inhibitor (IRAK4i) affects RNA-IC-induced cytokine production compared with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Methods Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and natural killer (NK) cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy individuals. PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy individuals were depleted of monocytes. Cells were stimulated with RNA-containing IC (RNA-IC) in the presence or absence of IRAK4i I92 or HCQ, and cytokines were measured by immunoassay or flow cytometry. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on RNA-IC-stimulated pDCs from healthy individuals to assess the effect of IRAK4i and HCQ. Results In healthy individuals, RNA-IC induced interferon (IFN)-α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)1-α, and MIP1-β production in pDC and NK cell cocultures. IFN-α production was selective for pDCs, whereas both pDCs and NK cells produced TNF-α. IRAK4i reduced the pDC and NK cell-derived cytokine production by 74–95%. HCQ interfered with cytokine production in pDCs but not in NK cells. In monocyte-depleted PBMCs, IRAK4i blocked cytokine production more efficiently than HCQ. Following RNA-IC activation of pDCs, 975 differentially expressed genes were observed (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), with many connected to cytokine pathways, cell regulation, and apoptosis. IRAK4i altered the expression of a larger number of RNA-IC-induced genes than did HCQ (492 versus 65 genes). Conclusions The IRAK4i I92 exhibits a broader inhibitory effect than HCQ on proinflammatory pathways triggered by RNA-IC, suggesting IRAK4 inhibition as a therapeutic option in SLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1702-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hjorton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Hagberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Israelsson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Jinton
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Berggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Sandling
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Thörn
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Mo
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, C11, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rajaie A, Allahyari M, Nazari-Robati M, Fallah H. Inhibition of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases 1/4, Increases Gene Expression and Serum Level of Adiponectin in Mouse Model of Insulin Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2018; 7:185-192. [PMID: 31565650 PMCID: PMC6744615 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a feature of most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological evidence suggest a correlation between inflammation and insulin resistant states such as obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK) play a central role in inflammatory responses by regulating the expression of various inflammatory genes in immune cells. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of IRAK inhibitor on gene transcription and serum concentration of adiponectin in insulin-resistant mice. Experimental mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: the healthy control group was fed a regular chow diet while other groups were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After this period, the animals were treated with IRAK inhibitor, pioglitazone, both IRAK and pioglitazone, and DMSO, for two weeks. Adiponectin gene expression level was analyzed by real-time PCR. Additionally, serum adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. Homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) as an insulin sensitivity index was calculated. IRAK inhibitor and pioglitazone increased significantly the expression of adiponectin gene. Also, adiponectin concentration in the control group (9.67±1.1 μg/ml) increased to 25.34±2.04 μg/ml in pioglitazone treatment group. IRAK inhibitor also increased adiponectin concentration (18.24±1.53 μg/ml) but did not show a synergistic effect with pioglitazone when administered simultaneously (26.66±2.5 μg/ml). HOMA-AD was 0.33±0.04 in pioglitazone treated group, 0.6±0.13 in IRAK inhibitor group, and 0.31±0.03 in animals that received IRAKi and pioglitazone. Our findings suggest that increased adiponectin secretion from adipose tissue mediated by IRAK inhibitor may increase the insulin sensitivity in an animal model of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Rajaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Allahyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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47
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Guo SW, Groothuis PG. Is it time for a paradigm shift in drug research and development in endometriosis/adenomyosis? Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:577-598. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick G Groothuis
- Principal Scientist Pharmacology, Preclinical Department, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals bv, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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48
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Bryan MC, Rajapaksa NS. Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Immunological Disorders: Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9030-9058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian C. Bryan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Naomi S. Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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49
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Liu Y, Xin ZZ, Zhang DZ, Zhu XY, Wang Y, Chen L, Tang BP, Zhou CL, Chai XY, Tian JW, Liu QN. De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of differential gene expression following peptidoglycan (PGN) challenge in Antheraea pernyi. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1199-1207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Li B, Guinness SM, Hoagland S, Fichtner M, Kim H, Li S, Maguire RJ, McWilliams JC, Mustakis J, Raggon J, Campos D, Voss CR, Sohodski E, Feyock B, Murnen H, Gonzalez M, Johnson M, Lu J, Feng X, Sun X, Zheng S, Wu B. Continuous Production of Anhydrous tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide in Nonane Using Membrane Pervaporation and Its Application in Flow Oxidation of a γ-Butyrolactam. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Li
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven M. Guinness
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steve Hoagland
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hui Kim
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shelly Li
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert J. Maguire
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - J. Christopher McWilliams
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason Mustakis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey Raggon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dan Campos
- Compact Membrane Systems, 335 Water Street, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Chris. R. Voss
- Compact Membrane Systems, 335 Water Street, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Evan Sohodski
- Compact Membrane Systems, 335 Water Street, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Bryan Feyock
- Compact Membrane Systems, 335 Water Street, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Hannah Murnen
- Compact Membrane Systems, 335 Water Street, Newport, Delaware 19804, United States
| | - Miguel Gonzalez
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiangping Lu
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xichun Feng
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xingfang Sun
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Songyuan Zheng
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
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