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Soloey-Nilsen H, Nygaard-Odeh K, Kristiansen MG, Kvig EI, Brekke OL, Mollnes TE, Berk M, Reitan SK, Oiesvold T. Transdiagnostic Associations between Anger Hostility and Chemokine Interferon-gamma Inducible Protein 10. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:285-294. [PMID: 38627075 PMCID: PMC11024699 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective Many psychiatric disorders are linked to low grade systemic inflammation as measured by systemic cytokine levels. Exploration of cytokines and immune activity and their role in psychiatric symptoms may inform pathobiology and treatment opportunities. The aim of this study is to explore if there are associations between cytokines and psychiatric symptom clusters. Comparison between patients regularly using and those not using psychotropic medication is also conducted. Methods This was a cross sectional naturalistic study with 132 participants from a general open inpatient psychiatric ward at the Nordland Hospital Trust, Norway. Serum levels of 28 different cytokines were assessed. Psychiatric symptoms the last week were assessed by a self-rating scale (Symptom check list, SCL-90-R) and grouped in defined clusters. Multiple linear regression model was used for statistical analyses of associations between levels of cytokines and symptoms, adjusting for possible confounding factors. Results We found a positive association (p = 0.009) between the chemokine interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (CXCL 10; IP-10) and the anger hostility cluster. No associations were found between the other symptom clusters and cytokines. IP-10 and the anger hostility cluster were positively associated (p = 0.002) in the subgroup of patients using psychotropic medication, not in the subgroup not using psychotropic medication. Conclusion Our analyses revealed a significant positive association between the symptom cluster anger hostility in SCL-90-R and the chemokine IP-10 in the subgroup of patients using psychotropic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Soloey-Nilsen
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Kristin Nygaard-Odeh
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Magnhild Gangsoey Kristiansen
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Erling Inge Kvig
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Ole Lars Brekke
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael Berk
- Barwon Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Solveig Klaebo Reitan
- Nidelv Community Center of Mental Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health (IPH), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Oiesvold
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodoe, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
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Yang J, Liu Y, Fan Y, Shen D, Shen J, Fang G. High-Frequency Local Field Potential Oscillations May Modulate Aggressive Behaviors in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1682. [PMID: 36421396 PMCID: PMC9687601 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior is one of congenital social behaviors in many species, which could be promoted by social neglect or isolation in the early stages of life. Many brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial amygdala (MeA) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are demonstrated to relate to aggressive behavior; however, the dynamic patterns of neural activities during the occurrence of this behavior remain unclear. In this study, 21-day-old male CD-1 mice were reared in social isolation conditions and cohousing conditions for two weeks. Aggressive behaviors of each subject were estimated by the resident-intruder test. Simultaneously, the local field potentials of mPFC, MeA and VMH were recorded for exploring differences in the relative power spectra of different oscillations when aggressive behaviors occurred. The results showed that the following: (1) Compared with the cohousing mice, the socially isolated mice exhibited more aggression. (2) Regardless of "time condition" (pre-, during- and post- attack), the relative power spectra of beta band in the cohousing mice were significantly greater than those in the socially isolated mice, and inversely, the relative power spectra of gamma band in the cohousing mice were significantly smaller than those in the socially isolated mice. (3) The bilateral mPFC exhibited significantly smaller beta power spectra but greater gamma power spectra compared with other brain areas regardless of rearing patterns. (4) For the right VMH of the socially isolated mice, the relative power spectra of the gamma band during attacks were significantly greater than those before attack. These results suggest that aggressive behaviors in mice could be shaped by rearing patterns and that high-frequency oscillations (beta and gamma bands) may engage in mediating aggressive behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yansu Liu
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, No. 173 Longdu Nan Road, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yanzhu Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Shen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangyan Shen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangzhan Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, No. 1 Shi Da Road, Nanchong 637009, China
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Woolley B, Mills J. Versatile Valproic Acid. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:1072-1074. [PMID: 36136610 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Woolley
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
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Meyer D, Athota P, Gowen A, Nguyen NM, Schaal VL, Yelamanchili SV, Pendyala G. Effect of Combined Methamphetamine and Oxycodone Use on the Synaptic Proteome in an In Vitro Model of Polysubstance Use. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101816. [PMID: 36292701 PMCID: PMC9601452 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysubstance use (PSU) generally involves the simultaneous use of an opioid along with a stimulant. In recent years, this problem has escalated into a nationwide epidemic. Understanding the mechanisms and effects underlying the interaction between these drugs is essential for the development of treatments for those suffering from addiction. Currently, the effect of PSU on synapses-critical points of contact between neurons-remains poorly understood. Using an in vitro model of primary neurons, we examined the combined effects of the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) and the prescription opioid oxycodone (oxy) on the synaptic proteome using quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. A further ClueGO analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) indicated the dysregulation of several molecular functions, biological processes, and pathways associated with neural plasticity and structural development. We identified one key synaptic protein, Striatin-1, which plays a vital role in many of these processes and functions, to be downregulated following METH+oxy treatment. This downregulation of Striatin-1 was further validated by Western blot. Overall, the present study indicates several damaging effects of the combined use of METH and oxy on neural function and warrants further detailed investigation into mechanisms contributing to synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pranavi Athota
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Austin Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nghi M. Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Victoria L. Schaal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- National Strategic Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-559-8690
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Zha X, Xu XH. Neural circuit mechanisms that govern inter-male attack in mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7289-7307. [PMID: 34687319 PMCID: PMC11072497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals of many species fight with conspecifics to gain access to or defend critical resources essential for survival and reproduction. Such intraspecific fighting is evolutionarily selected for in a species-, sex-, and environment-dependent manner when the value of resources secured exceeds the cost of fighting. One such example is males fighting for chances to mate with females. Recent advances in new tools open up ways to dissect the detailed neural circuit mechanisms that govern intraspecific, particularly inter-male, aggression in the model organism Mus musculus (house mouse). By targeting and functional manipulating genetically defined populations of neurons and their projections, these studies reveal a core neural circuit that controls the display of reactive male-male attacks in mice, from sensory detection to decision making and action selection. Here, we summarize these critical results. We then describe various modulatory inputs that route into the core circuit to afford state-dependent and top-down modulation of inter-male attacks. While reviewing these exciting developments, we note that how the inter-male attack circuit converges or diverges with neural circuits that mediate other forms of social interactions remain not fully understood. Finally, we emphasize the importance of combining circuit, pharmacological, and genetic analysis when studying the neural control of aggression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zha
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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6
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Contreras Lopez WO, Navarro PA, Gouveia FV, Fonoff ET, Lebrun I, Auada AVV, Lopes Alho EJ, Martinez RCR. Directional Deep Brain Stimulation of the Posteromedial Hypothalamus for Refractory Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Case Series Using a Novel Neurostimulation Device and Intraoperative Microdialysis. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:e19-e33. [PMID: 34325026 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent outbursts of aggressive behavior. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the posteromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (pHyp) is an alternative therapy for extreme cases and shows promising results. Intraoperative microdialysis can help elucidate the neurobiological mechanism of pHyp-DBS. We sought to evaluate efficacy and safety of pHyp-DBS using 8-contact directional leads in patients with refractory IED (rIED) and the accompanying changes in neurotransmitters. METHODS This was a prospective study in which patients with a diagnosis of rIED were treated with pHyp-DBS for symptom alleviation. Bilateral pHyp-DBS was performed with 8-contact directional electrodes. Follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Four patients (3 men, mean age 27 ± 2.8 years) were included. All patients were diagnosed with rIED and severe intellectual disability. Two patients had congenital rubella, one had a co-diagnosis of infantile autism, and the fourth presented with drug-resistant epilepsy. There was a marked increase in the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine during intraoperative stimulation. The average improvement in aggressive behavior in the last follow-up was 6 points (Δ: 50%, P = 0.003) while also documenting an important improvement of the Short Form Health Survey in all domains except bodily pain. No adverse events associated with pHyp-DBS were observed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show the safety and beneficial effect of directional lead pHyp-DBS in patients with rIED and to demonstrate the corresponding mechanism of action through increases in gamma-aminobutyric acid and glycine concentration in the pHyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Omar Contreras Lopez
- Nemod Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, FOSCAL Clinic, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Paula Alejandra Navarro
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, FOSCAL Clinic, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Erich Talamoni Fonoff
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine and Integrated Clinic of Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivo Lebrun
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline V V Auada
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Joaquim Lopes Alho
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine and Integrated Clinic of Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel C R Martinez
- LIM 23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Neuroscience, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Pre-empt aggression in prison and treat precipitating conditions. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-021-00836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Pharmacological Approaches to Managing Violence and Aggression in Prison Populations: Clinical and Ethical Issues. Drugs 2020; 80:1635-1647. [PMID: 32857359 PMCID: PMC8882096 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Violence and aggression are common problems encountered in prison, which frequently require clinical intervention. This increased prevalence is partially attributable to the high morbidity of psychiatric and personality disorders in prison inmates. As prisons are non-therapeutic environments, the provision of clinical care becomes more complex. This article examines the general principles of management of violence and aggression in prison settings, with a particular focus on the clinical and ethical considerations that guide pharmacological approaches. Use of psychotropic medication to address these problems is reserved for situations where there is (i) a diagnosable psychiatric disorder, or (ii) a significant risk of harm to an individual without urgent intervention. Initial focus should be on environmental and behavioural de-escalation strategies. Clear assessment for the presence of major mental illness is crucial, with appropriate pharmacological interventions being targeted and time-limited. Optimising management of any underlying psychiatric conditions is an important preventative measure. In the acute setting, rapid tranquilisation should be performed according to local guidelines with a focus on oral prior to parenteral administration. Clinicians must be mindful of capacity and consent issues amongst prisoners to protect patient rights and guide setting of care.
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9
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van Erp TG, Baker RA, Cox K, Okame T, Kojima Y, Eramo A, Potkin SG. Effect of brexpiprazole on control of impulsivity in schizophrenia: A randomized functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 301:111085. [PMID: 32450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity in schizophrenia is a risk factor for suicide, drug abuse, and other risk-taking behaviors. This exploratory, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study assessed the effects of brexpiprazole on brain regions that control impulsive behavior. Thirty-eight outpatients with stable schizophrenia and impulsivity symptoms were randomized to 6 weeks of brexpiprazole 2 or 4 mg/day. The prespecified outcome measure was blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) during performance of tasks associated with inhibition/control of impulsivity: the go/no-go task and stop-signal task. Secondary objectives evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of brexpiprazole. Over 6 weeks, patients receiving brexpiprazole had no statistically significant change in right VLPFC BOLD activation during the go/no-go task, but showed a significant decrease in right VLPFC BOLD activation during the stop-signal task. Brexpiprazole was also associated with significantly improved stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). No worsening of psychiatric symptoms, functioning, or impulsivity occurred in these patients. No unexpected safety or tolerability concerns were identified. In conclusion, brexpiprazole treatment among patients with schizophrenia and impulsivity was associated with decreased right VLPFC activation and decreased SSRT, supportive of a benefit of brexpiprazole on inhibition-related brain activation and behavior. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02194933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Gm van Erp
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Ross A Baker
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Kevin Cox
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Takao Okame
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanda Tsukasa-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo101-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kojima
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kanda Tsukasa-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo101-8535, Japan
| | - Anna Eramo
- Lundbeck LLC, Deerfield, IL, United States
| | - Steven G Potkin
- University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States.
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10
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Schöne M, Seidenbecher S, Tozzi L, Kaufmann J, Griep H, Fenker D, Frodl T, Bogerts B, Schiltz K. Neurobiological correlates of violence perception in martial artists. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01276. [PMID: 30907076 PMCID: PMC6520304 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The direct exertion as well as the visual perception of violence can have a hedonistic effect and elicit positive arousal in predisposed individuals. This appetitive aspect of aggression in healthy subjects has been neglected in psychiatric research so far. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether subjects trained in sports with a violent component (martial arts) show altered brain responses in reward-associated brain areas when compared to controls. Sixteen martial artists (e.g., boxing, mixed martial arts) and 24 controls watched violent versus neutral pictures while performing a cognitive cover task. Subjects' aggressiveness was assessed by the aggressiveness factors questionnaire (FAF). RESULTS While watching violent pictures, martial artists had a stronger activation in the left amygdala than controls. Within the martial artist group however, there was an inverse correlation between activation in the left amygdala and degree of aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS Higher amygdala activation while watching violent pictures might reflect that perception of violence conveys increased salience to martial artists as compared to controls. The inverse correlation between amygdala activation and aggressiveness within the martial artist group might be explained by the assumption that the more aggressive martial artists may be more accustomed to violent situations leading to a down-modulation of amygdala activation. Appetitive aggression should be taken into account as a factor contributing to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schöne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Salus-Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Seidenbecher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Salus-Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Griep
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Fenker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Salus-Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin VP. Early-life adversity-induced long-term epigenetic programming associated with early onset of chronic physical aggression: Studies in humans and animals. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:258-277. [PMID: 28441915 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1322714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine whether chronic physical aggression (CPA) in adulthood can be epigenetically programmed early in life due to exposure to early-life adversity. Methods: Literature search of public databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. Results: Children/adolescents susceptible for CPA and exposed to early-life abuse fail to efficiently cope with stress that in turn results in the development of CPA later in life. This phenomenon was observed in humans and animal models of aggression. The susceptibility to aggression is a complex trait that is regulated by the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms mediate this interaction. Subjects exposed to stress early in life exhibited long-term epigenetic programming that can influence their behaviour in adulthood. This programming affects expression of many genes not only in the brain but also in other systems such as neuroendocrine and immune. Conclusions: The propensity to adult CPA behaviour in subjects experienced to early-life adversity is mediated by epigenetic programming that involves long-term systemic epigenetic alterations in a whole genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- a Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology , Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- a Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology , Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology , Moscow , Russia.,b Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology , Pirogov Russian State Medical University (RSMU) , Moscow , Russia
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12
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Andersen SL. Stress, sensitive periods, and substance abuse. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100140. [PMID: 30569003 PMCID: PMC6288983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the inter-relationship between drug abuse and social stress has primarily focused on the role of stress exposure during adulthood and more recently, adolescence. Adolescence is a time of heightened reward sensitivity, but it is also a time when earlier life experiences are expressed. Exposure to stress early in postnatal life is associated with an accelerated age of onset for drug use. Lifelong addiction is significantly greater if drug use is initiated during early adolescence. Understanding how developmental changes following stress exposure interact with sensitive periods to unfold over the course of maturation is integral to reducing their later impact on substance use. Arousal levels, gender/sex, inflammation, and the timing of stress exposure play a role in the vulnerability of these circuits. The current review focuses on how early postnatal stress impacts brain development during a sensitive period to increase externalizing and internalizing behaviors in adolescence that include social interactions (aggression; sexual activity), working memory impairment, and depression. How stress effects the developmental trajectories of brain circuits that are associated with addiction are discussed for both clinical and preclinical studies.
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13
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Cytokine variations within brain structures in rats selected for differences in aggression. Neurosci Lett 2019; 692:193-198. [PMID: 30423398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the content of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10) in the brain structures (the hypothalamus, striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus) in two rat lines selected for differences in fear-induced aggression at 2, 4, and 24 h after a peripheral injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250 μg/kg). LPS stimulation elevated cytokine activity above baseline levels in both aggressive and nonaggressive rats, but the pattern, time course of cytokine changes, and their regional characteristics varied according to the animal aggressiveness. After LPS administration, aggressive rats showed increased levels of IL-1β in the hypothalamus at 2 and 4 h and in the frontal cortex at 4 and 24 h compared to LPS-treated nonaggressive line. IL-2 was increased in the frontal cortex and striatum of aggressive rats within 24 h, while IL-6 elevation in the hypothalamus was found at 4 h and in the frontal cortex at 2 and 4 h. In the hippocampus, the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 were lower in LPS-treated aggressive rats than in nonaggressive animals. The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were also decreased in all brain structures of aggressive rats receiving LPS. The results indicate that genetic predisposition to increased aggression is associated with a time and region-dependent changes in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Morozova A, Zorkina Y, Pavlov K, Pavlova O, Storozheva Z, Zubkov E, Zakharova N, Karpenko O, Reznik A, Chekhonin V, Kostyuk G. Association of rs4680 COMT, rs6280 DRD3, and rs7322347 5HT2A With Clinical Features of Youth-Onset Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:830. [PMID: 31798476 PMCID: PMC6863060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations of rs4680 COMT, rs6280 DRD3, and rs7322347 5HT2A with youth-onset schizophrenia in the Russian population in a case-control study, and the role of the genotype in the severity of clinical features. The association between rs7322347 and schizophrenia (p = 0.0001) is described for the first time. Furthermore, we found a link with rs6280 and rs4680 in females (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02 respectively) and with rs7322347 in males (p = 0.002). Clinical symptoms were assessed on three scales: the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Frontal Assessment Battery. Gender differences in clinical features are of particular interest. In our study we found gender differences in the severity of clinical features-higher scores for delusions (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) in males and higher scores for depression, delusions, somatic concern, motor retardation, poor attention were found in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,N.A. Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zinaida Storozheva
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Karpenko
- N.A. Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy Kostyuk
- N.A. Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Flanigan ME, Russo SJ. Recent advances in the study of aggression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:241-244. [PMID: 30242209 PMCID: PMC6300544 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Flanigan
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustav L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustav L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
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16
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Geniole SN, Carré JM. Human social neuroendocrinology: Review of the rapid effects of testosterone. Horm Behav 2018; 104:192-205. [PMID: 29885343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. It is well documented that testosterone concentrations change rapidly within reproductively relevant contexts (e.g., competition, mate-seeking). It has been argued that such rapid changes in testosterone may serve to adaptively fine-tune ongoing and/or future social behaviour according to one's social environment. In this paper, we review human correlational and experimental evidence suggesting that testosterone fluctuates rapidly in response to competition and mate-seeking cues, and that such acute changes may serve to modulate ongoing and/or future social behaviours (e.g., risk-taking, competitiveness, mate-seeking, and aggression). Some methodological details, which limit interpretation of some of this human work, are also discussed. We conclude with a new integrative model of testosterone secretion and behaviour, the Fitness Model of Testosterone Dynamics. Although we focus primarily on human aggression in this review, we also highlight research on risk-taking, competitiveness, and mate-seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N Geniole
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8L7, Canada.
| | - Justin M Carré
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, North Bay, Ontario P1B 8L7, Canada.
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Haller J. The Role of the Lateral Hypothalamus in Violent Intraspecific Aggression-The Glucocorticoid Deficit Hypothesis. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:26. [PMID: 29937719 PMCID: PMC6002688 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review argues for a central role of the lateral hypothalamus in those deviant forms of aggression, which result from chronic glucocorticoid deficiency. Currently, this nucleus is considered a key region of the mechanisms that control predatory aggression. However, recent findings demonstrate that it is strongly activated by aggression in subjects with a chronically downregulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis; moreover, this activation is causally involved in the emergence of violent aggression. The review has two parts. In the first part, we review human findings demonstrating that under certain conditions, strong stressors downregulate the HPA-axis on the long run, and that the resulting glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with violent aggression including aggressive delinquency and aggression-related psychopathologies. The second part addresses neural mechanisms in animals. We show that the experimental downregulation of HPA-axis function elicits violent aggression in rodents, and the activation of the brain circuitry that originally subserves predatory aggression accompanies this change. The lateral hypothalamus is not only an integral part of this circuitry, but can elicit deviant and violent forms of aggression. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis on the pathway that connects unfavorable social conditions to violent aggression via the neural circuitry that includes the lateral hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Haller
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Behavioural Sciences and Law Enforcement, National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Task Division within the Prefrontal Cortex: Distinct Neuron Populations Selectively Control Different Aspects of Aggressive Behavior via the Hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4065-4075. [PMID: 29487128 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3234-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An important question in behavioral neurobiology is how particular neuron populations and pathways mediate the overall roles of brain structures. Here we investigated this issue by studying the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an established locus of inhibitory control of aggression. We established in male rats that dominantly distinct mPFC neuron populations project to and produce dense fiber networks with glutamate release sites in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH; i.e., two executory centers of species-specific and violent bites, respectively). Optogenetic stimulation of mPFC terminals in MBH distinctively increased bite counts in resident/intruder conflicts, whereas the stimulation of similar terminals in LH specifically resulted in violent bites. No other behaviors were affected by stimulations. These findings show that the mPFC controls aggressiveness by behaviorally dedicated neuron populations and pathways, the roles of which may be opposite to those observed in experiments where the role of the whole mPFC (or of its major parts) has been investigated. Overall, our findings suggest that the mPFC organizes into working units that fulfill specific aspects of its wide-ranging roles.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Aggression control is associated with many cognitive and emotional aspects processed by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, how the prefrontal cortex influences quantitative and qualitative aspects of aggressive behavior remains unclear. We demonstrated that dominantly distinct PFC neuron populations project to the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH; i.e., two executory centers of species-specific and violent bites, respectively). Stimulation of mPFC fibers in MBH distinctively increased bite counts during fighting, whereas stimulation of similar terminals in LH specifically resulted in violent bites. Overall, our results suggest a direct prefrontal control over the hypothalamus, which is involved in the modulation of quantitative and qualitative aspects of aggressive behavior through distinct prefrontohypothalamic projections.
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La Fratta I, Tatangelo R, Campagna G, Rizzuto A, Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Speranza L, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A, Pesce M. The plasmatic and salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-6 are associated to emotional difference during stress in young male. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3031. [PMID: 29445205 PMCID: PMC5813044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva collection is considered a non-invasive method to detect inflammatory markers in response to emotional states within natural social contexts. Numerous studies have prompted an important role of cytokines in modulating distinct aspects of social and emotional behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of plasma and saliva as investigative tools for measure some inflammatory marker levels (CRP, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6). At the same time, the relationships between these markers and emotional states in response to a socio-cognitive stress (Academic Exam, AE), were considered. It was demonstrated that the plasma and saliva concentrations of all immune-mediators analyzed were significantly related across the socio-cognitive stress. In addition, when there was a close correlation to AE, the anger state, the IL-1β, the IL-18 salivary and plasmatic concentrations were significantly higher, while they decreased during the AE. On the other hand, the anxiety state and the IL-6 levels significantly increased throughout the AE. The IL-1β and IL-6 were positively associated to the anger and the anxiety state, respectively. In conclusion, our data highlight that different immune markers are similarly detectable in plasma and saliva during socio-cognitive stress. Also, they could be related to different emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Tatangelo
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Campagna
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Rizzuto
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Ferrone
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M A De Lutiis
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Felaco
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
Two major types of aggression, proactive and reactive, are associated with contrasting expression, eliciting factors, neural pathways, development, and function. The distinction is useful for understanding the nature and evolution of human aggression. Compared with many primates, humans have a high propensity for proactive aggression, a trait shared with chimpanzees but not bonobos. By contrast, humans have a low propensity for reactive aggression compared with chimpanzees, and in this respect humans are more bonobo-like. The bimodal classification of human aggression helps solve two important puzzles. First, a long-standing debate about the significance of aggression in human nature is misconceived, because both positions are partly correct. The Hobbes-Huxley position rightly recognizes the high potential for proactive violence, while the Rousseau-Kropotkin position correctly notes the low frequency of reactive aggression. Second, the occurrence of two major types of human aggression solves the execution paradox, concerned with the hypothesized effects of capital punishment on self-domestication in the Pleistocene. The puzzle is that the propensity for aggressive behavior was supposedly reduced as a result of being selected against by capital punishment, but capital punishment is itself an aggressive behavior. Since the aggression used by executioners is proactive, the execution paradox is solved to the extent that the aggressive behavior of which victims were accused was frequently reactive, as has been reported. Both types of killing are important in humans, although proactive killing appears to be typically more frequent in war. The biology of proactive aggression is less well known and merits increased attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Wrangham
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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21
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Abstract
SummaryAggression is common in older people with mental illness, with 15–43% of community referrals to old age psychiatry services and 44–65% of older people with Alzheimer's disease living in the community exhibiting such behaviour. In psychiatric in-patient units, assaults on staff are most common on wards for elderly people with organic mental illness. There is little high-quality research into the management of aggressive behaviour in dementia. We consider the available literature, which has shown certain behavioural measures and different classes of medication to be of benefit. We discuss factors associated with violence in elderly people with mental illness and potential management options.
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22
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Mikics É, Guirado R, Umemori J, Tóth M, Biró L, Miskolczi C, Balázsfi D, Zelena D, Castrén E, Haller J, Karpova NN. Social Learning Requires Plasticity Enhanced by Fluoxetine Through Prefrontal Bdnf-TrkB Signaling to Limit Aggression Induced by Post-Weaning Social Isolation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:235-245. [PMID: 28685757 PMCID: PMC5635971 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Escalated or abnormal aggression induced by early adverse experiences is a growing issue of social concern and urges the development of effective treatment strategies. Here we report that synergistic interactions between psychosocial and biological factors specifically ameliorate escalated aggression induced by early adverse experiences. Rats reared in isolation from weaning until early adulthood showed abnormal forms of aggression and social deficits that were temporarily ameliorated by re-socialization, but aggression again escalated in a novel environment. We demonstrate that when re-socialization was combined with the antidepressant fluoxetine, which has been shown to reactivate juvenile-like state of plasticity, escalated aggression was greatly attenuated, while neither treatment alone was effective. Early isolation induced a permanent, re-socialization-resistant reduction in Bdnf expression in the amygdala and the infralimbic cortex. Only the combined treatment of fluoxetine and re-socialization was able to recover Bdnf expression via epigenetic regulation. Moreover, the behavior improvement after the combined treatment was dependent on TrkB activity. Combined treatment specifically strengthened the input from the ventral hippocampus to the mPFC, suggesting that this pathway is an important mediator of the beneficial behavioral effects of the combined psychosocial and pharmacological treatment of abnormal aggression. Our findings suggest that synergy between pharmacological induction of plasticity and psychosocial rehabilitation could enhance the efficacy of therapies for pathological aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Mikics
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ramon Guirado
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Máté Tóth
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Biró
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christina Miskolczi
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Balázsfi
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland, Tel: +358 50520 7974, Fax: +358 919 157 620, E-mail:
| | - József Haller
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nina N Karpova
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café sn, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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23
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Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S. Ontogenesis of Lateralization. Neuron 2017; 94:249-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chadaeva IV, Ponomarenko MP, Rasskazov DA, Sharypova EB, Kashina EV, Matveeva MY, Arshinova TV, Ponomarenko PM, Arkova OV, Bondar NP, Savinkova LK, Kolchanov NA. Candidate SNP markers of aggressiveness-related complications and comorbidities of genetic diseases are predicted by a significant change in the affinity of TATA-binding protein for human gene promoters. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:995. [PMID: 28105927 PMCID: PMC5249025 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressiveness in humans is a hereditary behavioral trait that mobilizes all systems of the body-first of all, the nervous and endocrine systems, and then the respiratory, vascular, muscular, and others-e.g., for the defense of oneself, children, family, shelter, territory, and other possessions as well as personal interests. The level of aggressiveness of a person determines many other characteristics of quality of life and lifespan, acting as a stress factor. Aggressive behavior depends on many parameters such as age, gender, diseases and treatment, diet, and environmental conditions. Among them, genetic factors are believed to be the main parameters that are well-studied at the factual level, but in actuality, genome-wide studies of aggressive behavior appeared relatively recently. One of the biggest projects of the modern science-1000 Genomes-involves identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., differences of individual genomes from the reference genome. SNPs can be associated with hereditary diseases, their complications, comorbidities, and responses to stress or a drug. Clinical comparisons between cohorts of patients and healthy volunteers (as a control) allow for identifying SNPs whose allele frequencies significantly separate them from one another as markers of the above conditions. Computer-based preliminary analysis of millions of SNPs detected by the 1000 Genomes project can accelerate clinical search for SNP markers due to preliminary whole-genome search for the most meaningful candidate SNP markers and discarding of neutral and poorly substantiated SNPs. RESULTS Here, we combine two computer-based search methods for SNPs (that alter gene expression) {i} Web service SNP_TATA_Comparator (DNA sequence analysis) and {ii} PubMed-based manual search for articles on aggressiveness using heuristic keywords. Near the known binding sites for TATA-binding protein (TBP) in human gene promoters, we found aggressiveness-related candidate SNP markers, including rs1143627 (associated with higher aggressiveness in patients undergoing cytokine immunotherapy), rs544850971 (higher aggressiveness in old women taking lipid-lowering medication), and rs10895068 (childhood aggressiveness-related obesity in adolescence with cardiovascular complications in adulthood). CONCLUSIONS After validation of these candidate markers by clinical protocols, these SNPs may become useful for physicians (may help to improve treatment of patients) and for the general population (a lifestyle choice preventing aggressiveness-related complications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Rasskazov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Ekaterina B. Sharypova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Elena V. Kashina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Marina Yu Matveeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Tatjana V. Arshinova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Petr M. Ponomarenko
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4640 Hollywood Boulevard, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA
| | - Olga V. Arkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Vector-Best Inc, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559 Russia
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Ludmila K. Savinkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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25
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Chen CY, Raine A, Chou KH, Chen IY, Hung D, Lin CP. Abnormal white matter integrity in rapists as indicated by diffusion tensor imaging. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:45. [PMID: 27388479 PMCID: PMC4936222 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has documented structural brain abnormalities in various criminal offenders. However, there have been few brain imaging studies of sex offenders, and none on white matter integrity. The current study tested the hypothesis that rapists, when compared to matched controls, would show abnormal cortical and subcortical white matter integrity. RESULTS Rapists showed significantly increased fractional anisotropy in the internal capsul e in the thalamus, caudate, and globus pallidus, and also in white matter tracts near the angular gyrus, posterior cingulate, frontal pole, lateral occipital cortex, and genu compared to controls matched for age, gender, and educational status. Reduced fractional anisotropy was observed in rapists in the posterior cingulum and in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating white matter abnormalities in rapists. Findings indicate abnormalities in white matter connectivity in brain regions involved in reward/motivation and moral judgment, which may predispose rapists to be both over-responsive to sexual reward stimuli and also to make inappropriate moral decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Criminology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621, Taiwan
| | - Adrian Raine
- Department of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kun-Hsien Chou
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Daisy Hung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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26
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Goldstein MR, Mascitelli L. Is violence in part a lithium deficiency state? Med Hypotheses 2016; 89:40-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Malki K, Tosto MG, Pain O, Sluyter F, Mineur YS, Crusio WE, de Boer S, Sandnabba KN, Kesserwani J, Robinson E, Schalkwyk LC, Asherson P. Comparative mRNA analysis of behavioral and genetic mouse models of aggression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:427-36. [PMID: 26888158 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of aggression have traditionally compared strains, most notably BALB/cJ and C57BL/6. However, these strains were not designed to study aggression despite differences in aggression-related traits and distinct reactivity to stress. This study evaluated expression of genes differentially regulated in a stress (behavioral) mouse model of aggression with those from a recent genetic mouse model aggression. The study used a discovery-replication design using two independent mRNA studies from mouse brain tissue. The discovery study identified strain (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) × stress (chronic mild stress or control) interactions. Probe sets differentially regulated in the discovery set were intersected with those uncovered in the replication study, which evaluated differences between high and low aggressive animals from three strains specifically bred to study aggression. Network analysis was conducted on overlapping genes uncovered across both studies. A significant overlap was found with the genetic mouse study sharing 1,916 probe sets with the stress model. Fifty-one probe sets were found to be strongly dysregulated across both studies mapping to 50 known genes. Network analysis revealed two plausible pathways including one centered on the UBC gene hub which encodes ubiquitin, a protein well-known for protein degradation, and another on P38 MAPK. Findings from this study support the stress model of aggression, which showed remarkable molecular overlap with a genetic model. The study uncovered a set of candidate genes including the Erg2 gene, which has previously been implicated in different psychopathologies. The gene networks uncovered points at a Redox pathway as potentially being implicated in aggressive related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malki
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria G Tosto
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom.,Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioral Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oliver Pain
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frans Sluyter
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yann S Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wim E Crusio
- Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sietse de Boer
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary LifeSciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth N Sandnabba
- Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jad Kesserwani
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Robinson
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard C Schalkwyk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
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Williams MR, Pattni S, Pearce RK, Hirsch SR, Maier M. Basolateral but not corticomedial amygdala shows neuroarchitectural changes in schizophrenia. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:544-7. [PMID: 26752074 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Pattni
- Mersey Deanery for General Practice, Health Education North West; Liverpool United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael Maier
- Trust HQ, West London Mental Health NHS Trust; Southall Middlesex United Kingdom
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Abstract
Affective disorders such as anxiety, phobia and depression are a leading cause of disabilities worldwide. Monoamine neuromodulators are used to treat most of them, with variable degrees of efficacy. Here, we review and interpret experimental findings about the relation of neuromodulation and emotional feelings, in pursuit of two goals: (a) to improve the conceptualisation of affective/emotional states, and (b) to develop a descriptive model of basic emotional feelings related to the actions of neuromodulators. In this model, we hypothesize that specific neuromodulators are effective for basic emotions. The model can be helpful for mental health professionals to better understand the affective dynamics of persons and the actions of neuromodulators - and respective psychoactive drugs - on this dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Wang
- Professor of Psychology, Director of the Institute of Emotional Psychology, Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Qixia district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China 210023. E-mail:
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Rubião Jr, 18618-970 - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brasil
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Care management of the agitation or aggressiveness crisis in patients with TBI. Systematic review of the literature and practice recommendations. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 59:58-67. [PMID: 26700025 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The agitation crisis in the awakening phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most difficult behavioral disorders to alleviate. Current treatment options are heterogeneous and may involve excessive sedation. Practice guidelines are required by professionals in charge of TBI patients. Few reviews were published but those are old and based on expert opinions. The purpose of this work is to propose evidence-based guidelines to treat the agitation crisis. METHODS The elaboration of these guidelines followed the procedure validated by the French health authority for good practice recommendations, close to the Prisma statement. Guidelines were elaborated on the basis of a systematic and critical review of the literature. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles concerning 376 patients were analyzed. Recommendations are: when faced with an agitation crisis, the management strategy implies to search for an underlying factor that should be treated such as pain, acute sepsis, and drug adverse effect (expert opinion). Physical restraints should be discarded when possible (expert opinion). Neuroleptic agent with a marketing authorization can be used in order to obtain a quick sedation so as to protect the patient from himself, closed ones or the healthcare team but the duration should be as short as possible (expert opinion). The efficacy of beta-blockers and antiepileptics with mood regulation effects like carbamazepine and valproate yield the most compelling evidence and should be preferably used when a background regimen is envisioned (grade B for beta-blocker and C for antiepileptics). Neuroleptics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, buspirone may be prescribed but are considered second-line treatments (expert opinion). CONCLUSION This study provides a strategy for treating the agitation crisis based on scientific data and expert opinion. The level of evidence remains low and published data are often old. New studies are essential to validate results from previous studies and test new drugs and non-pharmaceutical therapies.
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The neurobiology of offensive aggression: Revealing a modular view. Physiol Behav 2015; 146:111-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Suzuki H, Lucas LR. Neurochemical correlates of accumbal dopamine D2 and amygdaloid 5-HT 1B receptor densities on observational learning of aggression. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 15:460-74. [PMID: 25650085 PMCID: PMC4437814 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Social learning theory postulates that individuals learn to engage in aggressive behavior through observing an aggressive social model. Prior studies have shown that repeatedly observing aggression, also called "chronic passive exposure to aggression," changes accumbal dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and amygdaloid 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT1BR) densities in observers. But, the association between these outcomes remains unknown. Thus, in our study, we used a rat paradigm to comprehensively examine the linkage between aggression, D2R density in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) and shell (AcbSh), and 5-HT1BR density in the medial (MeA), basomedial (BMA), and basolateral (BLA) amygdala following chronic passive exposure to aggression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 72) were passively exposed to either aggression or nonaggression acutely (1 day) or chronically (23 days). When observer rats were exposed to aggression chronically, they showed increased aggressive behavior and reduced D2R density in bilateral AcbSh. On the other hand, exposure to aggression, regardless of exposure length, increased the 5-HT1BR density in bilateral BLA. Finally, low D2R in the AcbSh significantly interacted with high 5-HT1BR density in the BLA to predict high levels of aggression in observer rats. Our results advance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms in the observational learning of aggression, highlighting that dopamine-serotonin interaction, or AcbSh-BLA interaction, may contribute to a risk factor for aggression in observers who chronically witness aggressive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Suzuki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA,
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Pesce M, Fratta IL, Ialenti V, Patruno A, Ferrone A, Franceschelli S, Rizzuto A, Tatangelo R, Campagna G, Speranza L, Felaco M, Grilli A. Emotions, immunity and sport: Winner and loser athlete's profile of fighting sport. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:261-9. [PMID: 25712259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the relationship between hormonal changes and affective states in sporting contexts relating to an agonistic outcome. More recently, pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been successfully associated with affective state modulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether athletes who won or lost show different levels of steroid hormones (testosterone and cortisol), pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, or expressions of anger and anxiety during six training fights in seasonal competitions down to the main seasonal competition. In 25 male kick-boxing athletes (age±SD, 28.68±5.34), anger states (RS score) and anxiety states (AS score) were assessed by STAXI-2 and STAI-Y, respectively. Cortisol (C), testosterone (T) and IL-1β salivary levels were measured by the ELISA method. The saliva samples were taken in the afternoon, 30min prior to the start and 30min from the end of both simulated and official competitions. The results showed that the RS score, T, T/C ratio salivary levels increased during the season, whereas the AS score, C and IL-1β suggested an opposite trend. Close to an official competition, the RS score, T, T/C ratio and IL-1β salivary concentrations were significantly higher, and then decreased during competition. By contrast, the AS score and C levels significantly increased throughout the official competition. In addition, significant differences were found for hormones and IL-1β concentrations as well as psychometric assessment close to the outcome of an official match. Athletes who lost showed an higher AS score and C level, while those who won were characterized by an higher level during the pre-competition RS score, T, T/C ratio, and IL-1β. Note that these factors were positively and significantly correlated at the pre-official competition time, while in a linear regression analysis, IL-1β, T and T/C ratio concentrations explained 43% of the variance in the RS score observed at the same time (adjusted R(2)=0.43, ANOVA P<.05). Our data suggest that the beginning of an agonistic event could trigger emotional responses which correspond to different biological processes instead that of a simulated fight. In particular, IL-1β could be a potential new biological marker of anger and the combined measurement of these factors may be a useful way of understanding athletes' change in relation to their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Valentina Ialenti
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzuto
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Campagna
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Teixeira EH, Jacintho A, Celeri HV, Dalgalarrondo P. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of pathological aggression in children and adolescents: literature review and clinical recommendations. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2015; 35:151-9. [PMID: 25923387 DOI: 10.1590/s2237-60892013000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature about the use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of pathological aggression in children and adolescents. METHOD The databases MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS were searched for publications in Portuguese or English from 1992 to August 2011 using the following keywords: mental disease, child, adolescent, treatment, atypical antipsychotic, aggressive behavior, aggression, and violent behavior. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies of good methodological quality and clinical interest and relevance were identified. Studies including children and adolescents were relatively limited, because few atypical antipsychotics have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All the medications included in this review (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole and clozapine) have some effectiveness in treating aggression in children and adolescents, and choices should be based on clinical indications and side effects. CONCLUSIONS There are few studies about the effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics for the pediatric population, and further randomized controlled studies with larger groups of patients and more diagnostic categories, such as severe conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, should be conducted to confirm the results reported up to date and to evaluate the impact of long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Jacintho
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Dalgalarrondo
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Tulogdi A, Biro L, Barsvari B, Stankovic M, Haller J, Toth M. Neural mechanisms of predatory aggression in rats—Implications for abnormal intraspecific aggression. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Banlaki Z, Elek Z, Nanasi T, Szekely A, Nemoda Z, Sasvari-Szekely M, Ronai Z. Polymorphism in the serotonin receptor 2a (HTR2A) gene as possible predisposal factor for aggressive traits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117792. [PMID: 25658328 PMCID: PMC4319849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive manifestations and their consequences are a major issue of mankind, highlighting the need for understanding the contributory factors. Still, aggression-related genetic analyses have so far mainly been conducted on small population subsets such as individuals suffering from a certain psychiatric disorder or a narrow-range age cohort, but no data on the general population is yet available. In the present study, our aim was to identify polymorphisms in genes affecting neurobiological processes that might explain some of the inter-individual variation between aggression levels in the non-clinical Caucasian adult population. 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were simultaneously determined in 887 subjects who also filled out the self-report Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Single marker association analyses between genotypes and aggression scores indicated a significant role of rs7322347 located in the HTR2A gene encoding serotonin receptor 2a following Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = 0.0007) both for males and females. Taking the four BPAQ subscales individually, scores for Hostility, Anger and Physical Aggression showed significant association with rs7322347 T allele in themselves, while no association was found with Verbal Aggression. Of the subscales, relationship with rs7322347 was strongest in the case of Hostility, where statistical significance virtually equaled that observed with the whole BPAQ. In conclusion, this is the first study to our knowledge analyzing SNPs in a wide variety of genes in terms of aggression in a large sample-size non-clinical adult population, also describing a novel candidate polymorphism as predisposal to aggressive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Banlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Elek
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nanasi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Nemoda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Sasvari-Szekely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ronai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Social neuroendocrinology of human aggression: examining the role of competition-induced testosterone dynamics. Neuroscience 2014; 286:171-86. [PMID: 25463514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that individual differences in baseline concentrations of testosterone (T) are only weakly correlated with human aggression. Importantly, T concentrations are not static, but rather fluctuate rapidly in the context of competitive interactions, suggesting that acute fluctuations in T may be more relevant for our understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying variability in human aggression. In this paper, we provide an overview of the literature on T and human competition, with a primary focus on the role of competition-induced T dynamics in the modulation of human aggression. In addition, we discuss potential neural mechanisms underlying the effect of T dynamics on human aggression. Finally, we highlight several challenges for the field of social neuroendocrinology and discuss areas of research that may enhance our understanding of the complex bi-directional relationship between T and human social behavior.
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Grassi D, Lagunas N, Calmarza-Font I, Diz-Chaves Y, Garcia-Segura LM, Panzica GC. Chronic unpredictable stress and long-term ovariectomy affect arginine-vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of adult female mice. Brain Res 2014; 1588:55-62. [PMID: 25218558 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-Vasopressin (AVP) may regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and its effects on depressive responses. In a recent study, we demonstrated that Chronic Unpredictable Stress (CUS) depressive effects are enhanced by long-term ovariectomy (a model of post-menopause). In the present study, we investigated the effects of long-term ovariectomy and CUS on AVP expression in different subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of female mice. Both long-term ovariectomy and CUS affect AVP immunoreactivity in some of the PVN subnuclei of adult female mice. In particular, significant changes on AVP immunoreactivity were observed in magnocellular subdivisions, the paraventricular lateral magnocellular (PaLM) and the paraventricular medial magnocellular (PaMM), the 2 subnuclei projecting to the neurohypophysis for the hormonal regulation of body homeostasis. AVP immunoreactivity was decreased in the PaLM by both the long-term deprivation of ovarian hormones and the CUS. In contrast, AVP immunoreactivity was increased in the PaMM by CUS, whereas it was decreased by ovariectomy. Therefore, present results suggest morphological and functional differences among the PVN's subnuclei and complex interactions among CUS, gonadal hormones and AVP immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grassi
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Torino, Italy; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Lagunas
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - G C Panzica
- University of Torino, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience (INN), Torino, Italy.
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Goetz SM, Tang L, Thomason ME, Diamond MP, Hariri AR, Carré JM. Testosterone rapidly increases neural reactivity to threat in healthy men: a novel two-step pharmacological challenge paradigm. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:324-31. [PMID: 24576686 PMCID: PMC9552187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that testosterone (T) plays a key role in shaping competitive and aggressive behavior in humans, possibly by modulating threat-related neural circuitry. However, this research has been limited by the use of T augmentation that fails to account for baseline differences and has been conducted exclusively in women. Thus, the extent to which normal physiologic concentrations of T affect threat-related brain function in men remains unknown. METHODS In the current study, we use a novel two-step pharmacologic challenge protocol to overcome these limitations and to evaluate causal modulation of threat- and aggression-related neural circuits by T in healthy young men (n = 16). First, we controlled for baseline differences in T through administration of a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist. Once a common baseline was established across participants, we then administered T to within the normal physiologic range. During this second step of the protocol we acquired functional neuroimaging data to examine the impact of T augmentation on neural circuitry supporting threat and aggression. RESULTS Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonism successfully reduced circulating concentrations of T and brought subjects to a common baseline. Administration of T rapidly increased circulating T concentrations and was associated with heightened reactivity of the amygdala, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal grey to angry facial expressions. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel causal evidence that T rapidly potentiates the response of neural circuits mediating threat processing and aggressive behavior in men.
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40
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Provençal N, Suderman MJ, Guillemin C, Vitaro F, Côté SM, Hallett M, Tremblay RE, Szyf M. Association of childhood chronic physical aggression with a DNA methylation signature in adult human T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89839. [PMID: 24691403 PMCID: PMC3972178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic physical aggression (CPA) is characterized by frequent use of physical aggression from early childhood to adolescence. Observed in approximately 5% of males, CPA is associated with early childhood adverse environments and long-term negative consequences. Alterations in DNA methylation, a covalent modification of DNA that regulates genome function, have been associated with early childhood adversity. AIMS To test the hypothesis that a trajectory of chronic physical aggression during childhood is associated with a distinct DNA methylation profile during adulthood. METHODS We analyzed genome-wide promoter DNA methylation profiles of T cells from two groups of adult males assessed annually for frequency of physical aggression between 6 and 15 years of age: a group with CPA and a control group. Methylation profiles covering the promoter regions of 20 000 genes and 400 microRNAs were generated using MeDIP followed by hybridization to microarrays. RESULTS In total, 448 distinct gene promoters were differentially methylated in CPA. Functionally, many of these genes have previously been shown to play a role in aggression and were enriched in biological pathways affected by behavior. Their locations in the genome tended to form clusters spanning millions of bases in the genome. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of clustered and genome-wide variation in promoter DNA methylation in young adults that associates with a history of chronic physical aggression from 6 to 15 years of age. However, longitudinal studies of methylation during early childhood will be necessary to determine if and how this methylation variation in T cells DNA plays a role in early development of chronic physical aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Provençal
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Suderman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claire Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Hallett
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Katsouni E, Zarros A, Skandali N, Tsakiris S, Lappas D. The role of cholecystokinin in the induction of aggressive behavior: a focus on the available experimental data (review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:361-77. [PMID: 24317345 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a neuropeptide that is (among others) reportedly involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The excitatory role of CCK in negative affective emotions as well as in aversive reactions, antisocial behaviors and memories, has been indicated by numerous electrophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral methodologies on both animal models for anxiety and human studies. The current review article summarizes the existing experimental evidence with regards to the role of CCK in the induction of aggressive behavior, and: (a) synopsizes the anatomical circuits through which it could potentially mediate all types of aggressive behavior, as well as (b) highlights the potential use of these experimental evidence in the current research quest for the clinical treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Katsouni
- University of Oxford Worcester College Oxford UK National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School PO Box 65257 GR-15401 Athens Greece
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Guillemin C, Provençal N, Suderman M, Côté SM, Vitaro F, Hallett M, Tremblay RE, Szyf M. DNA methylation signature of childhood chronic physical aggression in T cells of both men and women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86822. [PMID: 24475181 PMCID: PMC3901708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High frequency of physical aggression is the central feature of severe conduct disorder and is associated with a wide range of social, mental and physical health problems. We have previously tested the hypothesis that differential DNA methylation signatures in peripheral T cells are associated with a chronic aggression trajectory in males. Despite the fact that sex differences appear to play a pivotal role in determining the development, magnitude and frequency of aggression, most of previous studies focused on males, so little is known about female chronic physical aggression. We therefore tested here whether or not there is a signature of physical aggression in female DNA methylation and, if there is, how it relates to the signature observed in males. Methodology/Principal Findings Methylation profiles were created using the method of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) followed by microarray hybridization and statistical and bioinformatic analyses on T cell DNA obtained from adult women who were found to be on a chronic physical aggression trajectory (CPA) between 6 and 12 years of age compared to women who followed a normal physical aggression trajectory. We confirmed the existence of a well-defined, genome-wide signature of DNA methylation associated with chronic physical aggression in the peripheral T cells of adult females that includes many of the genes similarly associated with physical aggression in the same cell types of adult males. Conclusions This study in a small number of women presents preliminary evidence for a genome-wide variation in promoter DNA methylation that associates with CPA in women that warrant larger studies for further verification. A significant proportion of these associations were previously observed in men with CPA supporting the hypothesis that the epigenetic signature of early life aggression in females is composed of a component specific to females and another common to both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadine Provençal
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; INSERM U669, Paris, France ; School of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Hallett
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ; INSERM U669, Paris, France
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Carré JM, Campbell JA, Lozoya E, Goetz SMM, Welker KM. Changes in testosterone mediate the effect of winning on subsequent aggressive behaviour. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2034-41. [PMID: 23587440 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone concentrations rise rapidly in the context of competitive interactions and remain elevated in winners relative to losers. Theoretical models suggest that this divergent neuroendocrine response serves to mediate future dominance behaviours. Although research in animal models provides compelling support for this model, evidence for its applicability to human social behaviour is limited. In the current study, men and women were randomly assigned to experience a series of victories or defeats, after which aggressive behaviour was assessed using a well-validated behavioural measure. Winning produced elevated testosterone concentrations relative to losing in men, but not women. More importantly, testosterone reactivity to competition mediated the effect of winning on subsequent aggressive behaviour in men, but not women. We discuss limitations of the current study (e.g., the status manipulation may have affected other variables not measured in the study including competitiveness and physical activity expended), as well as discuss a potential neural mechanism underlying the effect of testosterone reactivity on aggressive behaviour.
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Hyde LW, Shaw DS, Hariri AR. Understanding Youth Antisocial Behavior Using Neuroscience through a Developmental Psychopathology Lens: Review, Integration, and Directions for Research. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2013; 33:10.1016/j.dr.2013.06.001. [PMID: 24273368 PMCID: PMC3834895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Youth antisocial behavior (AB) is an important public health concern impacting perpetrators, victims, and society. Functional neuroimaging is becoming a more common and useful modality for understanding neural correlates of youth AB. Although there has been a recent increase in neuroimaging studies of youth AB and corresponding theoretical articles on the neurobiology of AB, there has been little work critically examining the strengths and weaknesses of individual studies and using this knowledge to inform the design of future studies. Additionally, research on neuroimaging and youth AB has not been integrated within the broader framework of developmental psychopathology. Thus, this paper provides an in-depth review of the youth AB functional neuroimaging literature with the following goals: 1. to evaluate how this literature has informed our understanding of youth AB, 2. to evaluate current neuroimaging studies of youth AB from a developmental psychopathology perspective with a focus on integrating research from neuroscience and developmental psychopathology, as well as placing this research in the context of other related areas (e.g., psychopathy, molecular genetics), and 3. to examine strengths and weaknesses of neuroimaging and behavioral studies of youth AB to suggest how future studies can develop a more informed and integrated understanding of youth AB.
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Provençal N, Suderman MJ, Caramaschi D, Wang D, Hallett M, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Szyf M. Differential DNA methylation regions in cytokine and transcription factor genomic loci associate with childhood physical aggression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71691. [PMID: 23977113 PMCID: PMC3747262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal and human studies suggest that inflammation is associated with behavioral disorders including aggression. We have recently shown that physical aggression of boys during childhood is strongly associated with reduced plasma levels of cytokines IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, later in early adulthood. This study tests the hypothesis that there is an association between differential DNA methylation regions in cytokine genes in T cells and monocytes DNA in adult subjects and a trajectory of physical aggression from childhood to adolescence. Methodology/Principal Findings We compared the methylation profiles of the entire genomic loci encompassing the IL-1α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-8 and three of their regulatory transcription factors (TF) NFkB1, NFAT5 and STAT6 genes in adult males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory (CPA) and males with the same background who followed a normal physical aggression trajectory (control group) from childhood to adolescence. We used the method of methylated DNA immunoprecipitation with comprehensive cytokine gene loci and TF loci microarray hybridization, statistical analysis and false discovery rate correction. We found differentially methylated regions to associate with CPA in both the cytokine loci as well as in their transcription factors loci analyzed. Some of these differentially methylated regions were located in known regulatory regions whereas others, to our knowledge, were previously unknown as regulatory areas. However, using the ENCODE database, we were able to identify key regulatory elements in many of these regions that indicate that they might be involved in the regulation of cytokine expression. Conclusions We provide here the first evidence for an association between differential DNA methylation in cytokines and their regulators in T cells and monocytes and male physical aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Provençal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Suderman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doretta Caramaschi
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dongsha Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Hallett
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (RET); (MS)
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RET); (MS)
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Provençal N, Suderman MJ, Vitaro F, Szyf M, Tremblay RE. Childhood chronic physical aggression associates with adult cytokine levels in plasma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69481. [PMID: 23922720 PMCID: PMC3724832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of animal and human studies are indicating that inflammation is associated with behavioral disorders including aggression. This study investigates the association between chronic physical aggression during childhood and plasma cytokine levels in early adulthood. Methodology/Principal Findings Two longitudinal studies were used to select males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory from childhood to adolescence (n = 7) and a control group from the same background (n = 25). Physical aggression was assessed yearly by teachers from childhood to adolescence and plasma levels of 10 inflammatory cytokines were assessed at age 26 and 28 years. Compared to the control group, males on a chronic physical aggression trajectory from childhood to adolescence had consistently lower plasma levels of five cytokines: lower pro-inflammatory interleukins IL-1α (T(28.7) = 3.48, P = 0.002) and IL-6 (T(26.9) = 3.76, P = 0.001), lower anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-4 (T(27.1) = 4.91, P = 0.00004) and IL-10 (T(29.8) = 2.84, P = 0.008) and lower chemokine IL-8 (T(26) = 3.69, P = 0.001). The plasma levels of four cytokines accurately predicted aggressive and control group membership for all subjects. Conclusions/Significance Physical aggression of boys during childhood is a strong predictor of reduced plasma levels of cytokines in early adulthood. The causal and physiological relations underlying this association should be further investigated since animal data suggest that some cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1β play a causal role in aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Provençal
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Suderman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (MS); (RT)
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psycho-Social Maladjustment and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (MS); (RT)
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Abstract
The relationships between biological rhythms and human aggressive behavior are addressed and discussed in this article: First, circadian rhythms and aggression are considered. Studies of sleep/waking cycle disturbances in aggression are reported. Severe aggression is associated with profound changes in sleep architecture. Causal link is difficult to establish given that sleep disturbance and aggressive behavior could be the symptoms of the same disorder. Specific aggressive behavior developed during sleep is also described. In addition, hormonal circadian rhythm studies are reported. Thus, low cortisol levels, in particular low cortisol variability, are associated with aggressive behavior, suggesting an inhibitory role of cortisol. Testosterone has daily and seasonal fluctuations, but no link with aggression has been established. Neurophysiological underlying mechanisms are discussed in the last part of this article, with a focus on the relationship between brain rhythm and aggression. Increase of slow-wave EEG activities is observed in individuals with aggressive behavior. Epilepsy, as a disease of brain rhythm could be associated with aggressive behavior, in pre, post and inter ictal periodes. Incidence of aggression is not likely more prevalent in epileptic individuals compared to those with other neurological conditions. Ictal changes take the form of profound behavioral changes, including aggressive behavior which has been interpreted as the emergence of "archeical" or innate motor patterns. In this multidisciplinary approach, the main difficulty is the categorization of the differents types of aggression. Finally, taken together, these studies suggest that biological rhythms, especially circadian rhythms, could provide therapeutic benefits to human aggressive behavior. Biological rhythymicity seems to be a necessary permanent training offering interesting perspectives for the adaptation to changes in the field of aggression.
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Biopsychosocial aspects of atypical odontalgia. ISRN NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 2013:413515. [PMID: 24959561 PMCID: PMC4045532 DOI: 10.1155/2013/413515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background. A few studies have found somatosensory abnormalities in atypical odontalgia (AO) patients. The aim of the study is to explore the presence of specific abnormalities in facial pain patients that can be considered as psychophysical factors predisposing to AO. Materials and Methods. The AO subjects (n = 18) have been compared to pain-free (n = 14), trigeminal neuralgia (n = 16), migraine (n = 17), and temporomandibular disorder (n = 14). The neurometer current perception threshold (CPT) was used to investigate somatosensory perception. Structured clinical interviews based on the DSM-IV axis I and DSM III-R axis II criteria for psychiatric disorders and self-assessment questionnaires were used to evaluate psychopathology and aggressive behavior among subjects. Results. Subjects with AO showed a lower Aβ, Aδ, and C trigeminal fiber pain perception threshold when compared to a pain-free control group. Resentment was determined to be inversely related to Aβ (rho: 0.62, P < 0.05), Aδ (rho: 0.53, P < 0.05) and C fibers (rho: 0.54, P < 0.05), and depression was inversely related with C fiber (rho: 0.52, P < 0.05) perception threshold only in AO subjects. Conclusion. High levels of depression and resentment can be considered predictive psychophysical factors for the development of AO after dental extraction.
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Pesce M, Speranza L, Franceschelli S, Ialenti V, Iezzi I, Patruno A, Rizzuto A, Robazza C, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A. Positive correlation between serum interleukin-1β and state anger in rugby athletes. Aggress Behav 2013. [PMID: 23208827 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies reported a relationship between immune system activation and anger expression. Consequently, the aim of this study was to explore immunitary molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie anger expression. To this end, we applied the Frustration-Aggression Theory in a contact sport model, utilizing the nearing of sporting events to trigger anger feelings. In parallel, we evaluated the activation of immune system at mRNA levels. We enrolled 20 amateur rugby players (age ± SD, 27.2 ± 4.5) who underwent psychological assessment to evaluate anger, with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), before rugby matches; at the same time blood samples were taken to analyze the variations of gene expression by microarray. During the 2 hr before each game, a significant increase was verified in the Rage State (RS) score compared to the score ascertained 72 hr before. At the same time, we found modulation in expression profile, in particular increased expression of gene that encodes interleukin l-β (IL-1β). In a regression analysis, RS score was related to IL-1β, and the potential risk factors age, body mass index, smoking, and drinking. The levels of cytokine were positively and independently related to RS score. Our results suggest that the nearing of sporting event can trigger anger state feelings and activate immune system in rugby players. We propose the IL-1β as a potential biological marker of anger. However, further research is necessary to clarify the correlation between cytokine and anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Valentina Ialenti
- Department of Psychological; Humanistic and Territorial Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Irene Iezzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzuto
- Department of Psychological; Humanistic and Territorial Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Department of Psychological; Humanistic and Territorial Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Psychological; Humanistic and Territorial Sciences; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti; Italy
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Carré JM, Murphy KR, Hariri AR. What lies beneath the face of aggression? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 8:224-9. [PMID: 22198969 PMCID: PMC3575726 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that a sexually dimorphic feature of humans, the facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR), is positively correlated with reactive aggression, particularly in men. Also, predictions about the aggressive tendencies of others faithfully map onto FWHR in the absence of explicit awareness of this metric. Here, we provide the first evidence that amygdala reactivity to social signals of interpersonal challenge may underlie the link between aggression and the FWHR. Specifically, amygdala reactivity to angry faces was positively correlated with aggression, but only among men with relatively large FWHRs. The patterns of association were specific to angry facial expressions and unique to men. These links may reflect the common influence of pubertal testosterone on craniofacial growth and development of neural circuitry underlying aggression. Amygdala reactivity may also represent a plausible pathway through which FWHR may have evolved to represent an honest indicator of conspecific threat, namely by reflecting the responsiveness of neural circuitry mediating aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Carré
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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