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Vellucci L, Ciccarelli M, Buonaguro EF, Fornaro M, D’Urso G, De Simone G, Iasevoli F, Barone A, de Bartolomeis A. The Neurobiological Underpinnings of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Psychosis, Translational Issues for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1220. [PMID: 37627285 PMCID: PMC10452784 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 25% of schizophrenia patients suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) considered a transdiagnostic clinical continuum. The presence of symptoms pertaining to both schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may complicate pharmacological treatment and could contribute to lack or poor response to the therapy. Despite the clinical relevance, no reviews have been recently published on the possible neurobiological underpinnings of this comorbidity, which is still unclear. An integrative view exploring this topic should take into account the following aspects: (i) the implication for glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmission as demonstrated by genetic findings; (ii) the growing neuroimaging evidence of the common brain regions and dysfunctional circuits involved in both diseases; (iii) the pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and glutamatergic systems as current therapeutic strategies in schizophrenia OCS; (iv) the recent discovery of midbrain dopamine neurons and dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors as orchestrating hubs in repetitive and psychotic behaviors; (v) the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits to both psychosis and OCD neurobiology. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the postsynaptic density as a structural and functional hub for multiple molecular signaling both in schizophrenia and OCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Omeiza NA, Bakre A, Ben-Azu B, Sowunmi AA, Abdulrahim HA, Chimezie J, Lawal SO, Adebayo OG, Alagbonsi AI, Akinola O, Abolaji AO, Aderibigbe AO. Mechanisms underpinning Carpolobia lutea G. Don ethanol extract's neurorestorative and antipsychotic-like activities in an NMDA receptor antagonist model of schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115767. [PMID: 36206872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Persistent ketamine insults to the central nervous system block NMDA receptors and disrupt putative neurotransmission, oxido-nitrosative, and inflammatory pathways, resulting in schizophrenia-like symptoms in animals. Previously, the ethnomedicinal benefits of Carpolobia lutea against insomnia, migraine headache, and insanity has been documented, but the mechanisms of action remain incomplete. AIM OF THE STUDY Presently, we explored the neuro-therapeutic role of Carpolobia lutea ethanol extract (C. lutea) in ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four male Swiss (22 ± 2 g) mice were randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 8/group) and exposed to a reversal ketamine model of schizophrenia. For 14 days, either distilled water (10 mL/kg; p.o.) or ketamine (20 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered, following possible reversal treatments with C. lutea (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg; p.o.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, p.o.), or clozapine (5 mg/kg; p.o.) beginning on days 8-14. During the experiment, a battery of behavioral characterizations defining schizophrenia-like symptoms were obtained using ANY-maze software, followed by neurochemical, oxido-inflammatory and histological assessments in the mice brains. RESULTS A 7-day reversal treatment with C. lutea reversed predictors of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. C. lutea also mitigated ketamine-induced neurochemical derangements as evidenced by modulations of dopamine, glutamate, norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission. Also, the increased acetylcholinesterase activity, malondialdehyde nitrite, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis-factor-α concentrations were reversed by C. lutea accompanied with elevated levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. Furthermore, C. lutea reversed ketamine-induced neuronal alterations in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum sections of the brain. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that C. lutea reverses the cardinal symptoms of ketamine-induced schizophrenia in a dose-dependent fashion by modulating the oxido-inflammatory and neurotransmitter-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Omeiza
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Adewale Bakre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola A Sowunmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Halimat A Abdulrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Chimezie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sodiq O Lawal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Neurophysiology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef I Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Southern Province, Rwanda
| | - Olugbenga Akinola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi O Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Bhardwaj T, Ahmad I, Somvanshi P. Systematic analysis to identify novel disease indications and plausible potential chemical leads of glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1, GRIN1. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e2997. [PMID: 36259267 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness affecting the normal lifestyle of adults and early adolescents incurring major symptoms as jumbled speech, involvement in everyday activities eventually got reduced, patients always struggle with attention and memory, reason being both the genetic and environmental factors responsible for altered brain chemistry and structure, resulting in schizophrenia and associated orphan diseases. The network biology describes the interactions among genes/proteins encoding molecular mechanisms of biological processes, development, and diseases. Besides, all the molecular networks, protein-protein Interaction Networks have been significant in distinguishing the pathogenesis of diseases and thereby drug discovery. The present meta-analysis prioritizes novel disease indications viz. rare and orphan diseases associated with target Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 1, GRIN1 using text mining knowledge-based tools. Furthermore, ZINC database was virtually screened, and binding conformation of selected compounds was performed and resulted in the identification of Narciclasine (ZINC04097652) and Alvespimycin (ZINC73138787) as potential inhibitors. Furthermore, docked complexes were subjected to MD simulation studies which suggests that the identified leads could be a better potential drug to recuperate schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Bhardwaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SC&IS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Special Centre of Systems Medicine (SCSM), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Vellucci L, Mazza B, Austin MC, Iasevoli F, Ciccarelli M. Linking Inflammation, Aberrant Glutamate-Dopamine Interaction, and Post-synaptic Changes: Translational Relevance for Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Treatment: a Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6460-6501. [PMID: 35963926 PMCID: PMC9463235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical, preclinical, and post-mortem studies supports the inflammatory/immune hypothesis of schizophrenia pathogenesis. Less evident is the link between the inflammatory background and two well-recognized functional and structural findings of schizophrenia pathophysiology: the dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction and the alteration of dendritic spines architecture, both believed to be the “quantal” elements of cortical-subcortical dysfunctional network. In this systematic review, we tried to capture the major findings linking inflammation, aberrant glutamate-dopamine interaction, and post-synaptic changes under a direct and inverse translational perspective, a paramount picture that at present is lacking. The inflammatory effects on dopaminergic function appear to be bidirectional: the inflammation influences dopamine release, and dopamine acts as a regulator of discrete inflammatory processes involved in schizophrenia such as dysregulated interleukin and kynurenine pathways. Furthermore, the link between inflammation and glutamate is strongly supported by clinical studies aimed at exploring overactive microglia in schizophrenia patients and maternal immune activation models, indicating impaired glutamate regulation and reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function. In addition, an inflammatory/immune-induced alteration of post-synaptic density scaffold proteins, crucial for downstream NMDAR signaling and synaptic efficacy, has been demonstrated. According to these findings, a significant increase in plasma inflammatory markers has been found in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls, associated with reduced cortical integrity and functional connectivity, relevant to the cognitive deficit of schizophrenia. Finally, the link between altered inflammatory/immune responses raises relevant questions regarding potential new therapeutic strategies specifically for those forms of schizophrenia that are resistant to canonical antipsychotics or unresponsive to clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark C Austin
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Program, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University (ISU), Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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de Bartolomeis A, Vellucci L, Austin MC, De Simone G, Barone A. Rational and Translational Implications of D-Amino Acids for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: From Neurobiology to the Clinics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070909. [PMID: 35883465 PMCID: PMC9312470 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder with synaptic alterations and aberrant cortical–subcortical connections. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment and nearly all share the common feature of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy, whereas glutamatergic abnormalities are not targeted by the presently available therapies. D-amino acids, acting as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators, have emerged in the last few years as a potential augmentation strategy in those cases of schizophrenia that do not respond well to antipsychotics, a condition defined as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), affecting almost 30–40% of patients, and characterized by serious cognitive deficits and functional impairment. In the present systematic review, we address with a direct and reverse translational perspective the efficacy of D-amino acids, including D-serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine, in poor responders. The impact of these molecules on the synaptic architecture is also considered in the light of dendritic spine changes reported in schizophrenia and antipsychotics’ effect on postsynaptic density proteins. Moreover, we describe compounds targeting D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase enzymes. Finally, other drugs acting at NMDAR and proxy of D-amino acids function, such as D-cycloserine, sarcosine, and glycine, are considered in the light of the clinical burden of TRS, together with other emerging molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463673 or +39-081-7463884 or +39-3662745592; Fax: +39-081-7462644
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Mark C. Austin
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Program, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
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Machine Learning algorithm unveils glutamatergic alterations in the post-mortem schizophrenia brain. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:8. [PMID: 35217646 PMCID: PMC8881508 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder of synaptic plasticity and aberrant connectivity in which a major dysfunction in glutamate synapse has been suggested. However, a multi-level approach tackling diverse clusters of interacting molecules of the glutamate signaling in schizophrenia is still lacking. We investigated in the post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus of schizophrenia patients and non-psychiatric controls, the levels of neuroactive d- and l-amino acids (l-glutamate, d-serine, glycine, l-aspartate, d-aspartate) by HPLC. Moreover, by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting we analyzed, respectively, the mRNA and protein levels of pre- and post-synaptic key molecules involved in the glutamatergic synapse functioning, including glutamate receptors (NMDA, AMPA, metabotropic), their interacting scaffolding proteins (PSD-95, Homer1b/c), plasma membrane and vesicular glutamate transporters (EAAT1, EAAT2, VGluT1, VGluT2), enzymes involved either in glutamate-dependent GABA neurotransmitter synthesis (GAD65 and 67), or in post-synaptic NMDA receptor-mediated signaling (CAMKIIα) and the pre-synaptic marker Synapsin-1. Univariable analyses revealed that none of the investigated molecules was differently represented in the post-mortem DLPFC and hippocampus of schizophrenia patients, compared with controls. Nonetheless, multivariable hypothesis-driven analyses revealed that the presence of schizophrenia was significantly affected by variations in neuroactive amino acid levels and glutamate-related synaptic elements. Furthermore, a Machine Learning hypothesis-free unveiled other discriminative clusters of molecules, one in the DLPFC and another in the hippocampus. Overall, while confirming a key role of glutamatergic synapse in the molecular pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we reported molecular signatures encompassing elements of the glutamate synapse able to discriminate patients with schizophrenia and normal individuals.
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Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020398. [PMID: 35203607 PMCID: PMC8962391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that cholinergic system function impairment plays a significant role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. During the past three decades, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) have been implicated in various pathologies and have been prominent targets of drug-design efforts. However, due to the high sequence homology of the orthosteric binding site, many drug candidates resulted in limited clinical success. Although several advances in treating peripheral pathologies have been achieved, targeting CNS pathologies remains challenging for researchers. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in recent years to develop functionally selective orthosteric and allosteric ligands targeting the mAChRs with limited side effect profiles. This review highlights past efforts and focuses on recent advances in drug design targeting these receptors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression.
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Förster A, Model V, Gos T, Frodl T, Schiltz K, Dobrowolny H, Meyer-Lotz G, Guest PC, Mawrin C, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Schlaaff K, Steiner J. Reduced GABAergic neuropil and interneuron profiles in schizophrenia: Complementary analysis of disease course-related differences. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:50-59. [PMID: 34864489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic interneuron dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), a key enzyme in GABA synthesis, may also be altered. Here, we have simultaneously evaluated GAD-immunoreactive (GAD-ir) neuropil and cell profiles in schizophrenia-relevant brain regions, and analysed disease-course related differences. METHODS GAD65/67 immunoreactivity was quantified in specific brain regions for profiles of fibres and cell bodies of interneurons by automated digital image analysis in post-mortem brains of 16 schizophrenia patients from paranoid (n = 10) and residual (n = 6) diagnostic subgroups and 16 matched controls. Regions of interest were superior temporal gyrus (STG) layers III and V, mediodorsal (MD) and laterodorsal (LD) thalamus, and hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions. RESULTS A reduction in GAD-ir neuropil profiles (p < 0.001), particularly in STG layer V (p = 0.012) and MD (p = 0.001), paralleled decreased GAD-ir cell profiles (p = 0.029) in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. Paranoid schizophrenia patients had lower GAD-ir neuron cell profiles in STG layers III (p = 0.007) and V (p = 0.001), MD (p = 0.002), CA1 (p = 0.001) and DG (p = 0.043) than residual patients. There was no difference in GAD-ir neuropil profiles between paranoid and residual subgroups (p = 0.369). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis of GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. They show a more prominent reduction of GAD-ir interneurons in paranoid versus residual patients, suggestive of more pronounced GABAergic dysfunction in the former. Fully automated analyses of histological sections represent a step towards user-independent assessment of brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Förster
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Vera Model
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Mental Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriela Meyer-Lotz
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Kim MH, Kim IB, Lee J, Cha DH, Park SM, Kim JH, Kim R, Park JS, An Y, Kim K, Kim S, Webster MJ, Kim S, Lee JH. Low-Level Brain Somatic Mutations Are Implicated in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:35-46. [PMID: 33867114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic mutations arising from the brain have recently emerged as significant contributors to neurodevelopmental disorders, including childhood intractable epilepsy and cortical malformations. However, whether brain somatic mutations are implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ) is not well established. METHODS We performed deep whole exome sequencing (average read depth > 550×) of matched dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and peripheral tissues from 27 patients with SCZ and 31 age-matched control individuals, followed by comprehensive and strict analysis of somatic mutations, including mutagenesis signature, substitution patterns, and involved pathways. In particular, we explored the impact of deleterious mutations in GRIN2B through primary neural culture. RESULTS We identified an average of 4.9 and 5.6 somatic mutations per exome per brain in patients with SCZ and control individuals, respectively. These mutations presented with average variant allele frequencies of 8.0% in patients with SCZ and 7.6% in control individuals. Although mutational profiles, such as the number and type of mutations, showed no significant difference between patients with SCZ and control individuals, somatic mutations in SCZ brains were significantly enriched for SCZ-related pathways, including dopamine receptor, glutamate receptor, and long-term potentiation pathways. Furthermore, we showed that brain somatic mutations in GRIN2B (encoding glutamate ionotropic NMDA receptor subunit 2B), which were found in two patients with SCZ, disrupted the location of GRIN2B across the surface of dendrites among primary cultured neurons. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study shows that brain somatic mutations are associated with the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Heui Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Bin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Junehawk Lee
- Center for Computational Science Platform, National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Cha
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hye Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryunhee Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Yohan An
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Maree J Webster
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Laboratory of Brain Research, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sanghyeon Kim
- Stanley Medical Research Institute, Laboratory of Brain Research, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; SoVarGen Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Boczek T, Mackiewicz J, Sobolczyk M, Wawrzyniak J, Lisek M, Ferenc B, Guo F, Zylinska L. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Calcium Signaling in Schizophrenia. Focus on GPCRs Activated by Neurotransmitters and Chemokines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051228. [PMID: 34067760 PMCID: PMC8155952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disease characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this psychiatric illness remain incompletely understood, a growing body of clinical, pharmacological, and genetic evidence suggests that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a critical role in disease development, progression, and treatment. This pivotal role is further highlighted by the fact that GPCRs are the most common targets for antipsychotic drugs. The GPCRs activation evokes slow synaptic transmission through several downstream pathways, many of them engaging intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Dysfunctions of the neurotransmitter systems involving the action of GPCRs in the frontal and limbic-related regions are likely to underly the complex picture that includes the whole spectrum of positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms. Therefore, the progress in our understanding of GPCRs function in the control of brain cognitive functions is expected to open new avenues for selective drug development. In this paper, we review and synthesize the recent data regarding the contribution of neurotransmitter-GPCRs signaling to schizophrenia symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Joanna Mackiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Marta Sobolczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Matas E, John Francis William D, Toro CT. Abnormal expression of post-synaptic proteins in prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2021; 745:135629. [PMID: 33440236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is converging evidence of dendritic spine dysfunction in schizophrenia. In the present study we hypothesized that the expression of key proteins involved in dendritic spine development and stability may be affected in schizophrenia. Postmortem frontal cortex (BA6) from patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and healthy controls was processed for glutamate post-synaptic fraction extraction and post-synaptic density purification. Protein expression of the post-synaptic fraction and the post-synaptic density was assessed using immunoprecipitation and Western blotting respectively. The expression of the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) subunit NR2A, post-synaptic density 95 (PSD-95), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II subunits α and β (CaMKIIα and β) were significantly reduced in schizophrenia. A significant decrease in the expression of NR2A was also observed in patients with major depressive disorder relative to controls, but not in patients with bipolar disorder. These results add to existing evidence for disturbed post-synaptic glutamate function and synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia. There may also be subtle disturbances in the post-synaptic glutamatergic function in major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Matas
- Translational Medicine, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carla Tatiana Toro
- Applied Psychology, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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12
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Hatzipantelis C, Langiu M, Vandekolk TH, Pierce TL, Nithianantharajah J, Stewart GD, Langmead CJ. Translation-Focused Approaches to GPCR Drug Discovery for Cognitive Impairments Associated with Schizophrenia. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1042-1062. [PMID: 33344888 PMCID: PMC7737210 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are no effective therapeutics for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), which includes deficits in executive functions (working memory and cognitive flexibility) and episodic memory. Compounds that have entered clinical trials are inadequate in terms of efficacy and/or tolerability, highlighting a clear translational bottleneck and a need for a cohesive preclinical drug development strategy. In this review we propose hippocampal-prefrontal-cortical (HPC-PFC) circuitry underlying CIAS-relevant cognitive processes across mammalian species as a target source to guide the translation-focused discovery and development of novel, procognitive agents. We highlight several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) enriched within HPC-PFC circuitry as therapeutic targets of interest, including noncanonical approaches (biased agonism and allosteric modulation) to conventional clinical targets, such as dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, along with prospective novel targets, including the orphan receptors GPR52 and GPR139. We also describe the translational limitations of popular preclinical cognition tests and suggest touchscreen-based assays that probe cognitive functions reliant on HPC-PFC circuitry and reflect tests used in the clinic, as tests of greater translational relevance. Combining pharmacological and behavioral testing strategies based in HPC-PFC circuit function creates a cohesive, translation-focused approach to preclinical drug development that may improve the translational bottleneck currently hindering the development of treatments for CIAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra
J. Hatzipantelis
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Monica Langiu
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Teresa H. Vandekolk
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tracie L. Pierce
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Stewart
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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13
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The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Synaptic Plasticity Gene Homer1a Depend on a Combination of Their Receptor Profile, Dose, Duration of Treatment, and Brain Regions Targeted. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155555. [PMID: 32756473 PMCID: PMC7432375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic agents modulate key molecules of the postsynaptic density (PSD), including the Homer1a gene, implicated in dendritic spine architecture. How the antipsychotic receptor profile, dose, and duration of administration may influence synaptic plasticity and the Homer1a pattern of expression is yet to be determined. Methods: In situ hybridization for Homer1a was performed on rat tissue sections from cortical and striatal regions of interest (ROI) after acute or chronic administration of three antipsychotics with divergent receptor profile: Haloperidol, asenapine, and olanzapine. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the effects of topography, treatment, dose, and duration of antipsychotic administration were performed. Results: All acute treatment regimens were found to induce a consistently higher expression of Homer1a compared to chronic ones. Haloperidol increased Homer1a expression compared to olanzapine in striatum at the acute time-point. A dose effect was also observed for acute administration of haloperidol. Conclusions: Biological effects of antipsychotics on Homer1a varied strongly depending on the combination of their receptor profile, dose, duration of administration, and throughout the different brain regions. These molecular data may have translational valence and may reflect behavioral sensitization/tolerance phenomena observed with prolonged antipsychotics.
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14
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de Bartolomeis A, Manchia M, Marmo F, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F, Barone A. Glycine Signaling in the Framework of Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction and Postsynaptic Density. Implications for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32477178 PMCID: PMC7240307 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) or suboptimal response to antipsychotics affects almost 30% of schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, and it is a relevant clinical issue with significant impact on the functional outcome and on the global burden of disease. Among putative novel treatments, glycine-centered therapeutics (i.e. sarcosine, glycine itself, D-Serine, and bitopertin) have been proposed, based on a strong preclinical rationale with, however, mixed clinical results. Therefore, a better appraisal of glycine interaction with the other major players of SCZ pathophysiology and specifically in the framework of dopamine - glutamate interactions is warranted. New methodological approaches at cutting edge of technology and drug discovery have been applied to study the role of glycine in glutamate signaling, both at presynaptic and post-synaptic level and have been instrumental for unveiling the role of glycine in dopamine-glutamate interaction. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that plays a critical role in both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. In caudal areas of central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord and brainstem, glycine acts as a powerful inhibitory neurotransmitter through binding to its receptor, i.e. the Glycine Receptor (GlyR). However, glycine also works as a co-agonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission. Glycine concentration in the synaptic cleft is finely tuned by glycine transporters, i.e. GlyT1 and GlyT2, that regulate the neurotransmitter's reuptake, with the first considered a highly potential target for psychosis therapy. Reciprocal regulation of dopamine and glycine in forebrain, glycine modulation of glutamate, glycine signaling interaction with postsynaptic density proteins at glutamatergic synapse, and human genetics of glycinergic pathways in SCZ are tackled in order to highlight the exploitation of this neurotransmitters and related molecules in SCZ and TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Dos Santos AB, Bezerra MA, Rocha ME, Barreto GE, Kohlmeier KA. Higher zinc concentrations in hair of Parkinson’s disease are associated with psychotic complications and depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1291-1301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Dang M, Song Y, Li Q, Zhang C, Peng Y, Wei Z, Huang P. Genetic Variation of the Kalirin Gene is Associated with ICAS in the Chinese Population. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:157-162. [PMID: 30232674 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke (IS), especially in recurrent patients. Several studies have demonstrated an intimate association between the genetic mutation of the KALRN gene and IS. The main aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KALRN and ICAS in a northern Chinese population and further explore the underlining mechanism. The relationship between each SNP and ICAS and the related components were examined in five models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, heterozygous, and additive). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied and adjusted for 10,000 permutation tests. Haplotype regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between haplotypes and the severity of ICAS. qRT-PCR was used to confirm the mRNA level of Kalirin. SNP rs6438833 of the Kalirin gene in the additive model was associated with ICAS (OR = 1.642, 95%CI: 1.129-2.388, PDom = 0.048). After performing 10,000 permutations, the result showed a trend toward statistical significance (Pper = 0.048). Haplotypes of the KALRN gene were not significantly associated with ICAS (global significance, p = 0.090). qRT-PCR showed that the expression of KALRN 9 in IS patients was almost threefold the control group (p < 0.0005). SNPs of the KALRN gene are associated with ICAS in the northern Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizheng Dang
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqing Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenli Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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17
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Chaudhary S, Kaushik M, Kukreti R, Kukreti S. Structural switch from a multistranded G-quadruplex to single strands as a consequence of point mutation in the promoter of the human GRIN1 gene. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1805-1816. [PMID: 28702665 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A huge number of G-rich sequences forming quadruplexes are found in the human genome, especially in telomeric regions, UTRs, and the promoter regions of a number of genes. One such gene is GRIN1 encoding the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA). Several lines of reports have implicated that attenuated function of NMDA results in schizophrenia, a genetic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and psychosis. Involvement of the GRIN1 gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has been extensively analysed. Recent reports have demonstrated that polymorphism in the promoter region of GRIN1 at position -855 (G/C) has a possible association with schizophrenia. The binding site for the NF-κB transcription factor gets altered due to this mutation, resulting in reduced gene expression as well as NMDA activity. By combining gel electrophoresis (PAGE), circular dichroism (CD) and CD melting techniques, the G → C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the G-rich sequence (d-CTTAGCCCGAGGAG[combining low line]GGGGGTCCCAAGT; GRIN1) was investigated. We report that the GRIN1 sequence can form an octameric/multistranded quadruplex structure with parallel conformation in the presence of K+ as well as Na+. CD and gel studies are in good correlation in order to detect molecularity and strand conformation. The parallel G-quadruplex species was hypothesized to be octameric in K+/Na+ salts. The mutated sequence (d-CTTAGCCCGAGGAC[combining low line]GGGGGTCCCAAGT; GRIN1M) remained single stranded under physiological conditions. CD melting studies support the formation of an interstranded G-quadruplex structure by the GRIN1 sequence. Two structural models are propounded for a multistranded parallel G-quadruplex conformation which might be responsible for regulating the gene expression normally underlying memory and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaudhary
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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18
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de Bartolomeis A, Iasevoli F, Marmo F, Buonaguro EF, Avvisati L, Latte G, Tomasetti C. Nicotine and caffeine modulate haloperidol-induced changes in postsynaptic density transcripts expression: Translational insights in psychosis therapy and treatment resistance. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:538-559. [PMID: 29475793 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine and nicotine are widely used by schizophrenia patients and may worsen psychosis and affect antipsychotic therapies. However, they have also been accounted as augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Despite both substances are known to modulate dopamine and glutamate transmission, little is known about the molecular changes induced by these compounds in association to antipsychotics, mostly at the level of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a site of dopamine-glutamate interplay. Here we investigated whether caffeine and nicotine, alone or combined with haloperidol, elicited significant changes in the levels of both transcripts and proteins of the PSD members Homer1 and Arc, which have been implicated in synaptic plasticity, schizophrenia pathophysiology, and antipsychotics molecular action. Homer1a mRNA expression was significantly reduced by caffeine and nicotine, alone or combined with haloperidol, compared to haloperidol. Haloperidol induced significantly higher Arc mRNA levels than both caffeine and caffeine plus haloperidol in the striatum. Arc mRNA expression was significantly higher by nicotine plus haloperidol vs. haloperidol in the cortex, while in striatum gene expression by nicotine was significantly lower than that by both haloperidol and nicotine plus haloperidol. Both Homer1a and Arc protein levels were significantly increased by caffeine, nicotine, and nicotine plus haloperidol. Homer1b mRNA expression was significantly increased by nicotine and nicotine plus haloperidol, while protein levels were unaffected. Locomotor activity was not significantly affected by caffeine, while it was reduced by nicotine. These data indicate that both caffeine and nicotine trigger relevant molecular changes in PSD sites when given in association with haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Livia Avvisati
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Luoni A, Gass P, Brambilla P, Ruggeri M, Riva MA, Inta D. Altered expression of schizophrenia-related genes in mice lacking mGlu5 receptors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:77-87. [PMID: 27581816 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evidence underlying the so-called glutamatergic hypothesis ranges from NMDA receptor hypofunction to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in specific brain structures. Among all glutamatergic system components, metabotropic receptors play a main role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Here, we investigated, using qRT-PCR and western blot, consequences in the hippocampus and prefrontal/frontal cortex (PFC/FC) of mice with a genetic deletion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), addressing key components of the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. We found that mGlu5 knockout (KO) mice showed a significant reduction of reelin, GAD65, GAD67 and parvalbumin mRNA levels, which is specific for the PFC/FC, and that is paralleled by a significant reduction of protein levels in male KO mice. We next analyzed the main NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits, namely GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and GluA1, and we found that mGlu5 deletion determined a significant reduction of their mRNA levels, also within the hippocampus, with differences between the two genders. Our data suggest that neurochemical abnormalities impinging the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems may be responsible for the behavioral phenotype associated with mGlu5 KO animals and point to the close interaction of these molecular players for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. These data could contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of mGlu5 alterations in the molecular imbalance between excitation and inhibition underlying the emergence of a schizophrenic-like phenotype and to understand the potential of mGlu5 modulators in reversing the deficits characterizing the schizophrenic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Neuropharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Neuropharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Disturbance of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Long-Term Depression (mGlu-LTD) of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Hippocampus After Prenatal Immune Challenge. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:609-616. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Onaolapo OJ, Paul TB, Onaolapo AY. Comparative effects of sertraline, haloperidol or olanzapine treatments on ketamine-induced changes in mouse behaviours. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1475-1489. [PMID: 28508340 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of sertraline, haloperidol or olanzapine administration on ketamine-induced behaviours in mice were examined. The aim was to ascertain the degree of reversal of such behaviours by sertraline, and compare its effectiveness to haloperidol and olanzapine. Ten-week old mice (N = 120) were equally divided into main groups; 1 (open-field, radial-arm maze and elevated plus maze {EPM} tests), and 2 (social interaction test). Mice in each main group were assigned into six groups of ten (n = 10) each. Group 1 received intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of vehicle, while groups 2-6 received i.p ketamine at 15 mg/kg daily for 10 days. From day 11 to 24, mice in group 1 (vehicle) were given distilled water (i.p at 2 ml/kg and oral at 10 ml/kg), group 2 (ketamine control) received daily i.p ketamine and oral distilled water; while animals in groups 3-6 received daily i.p. ketamine and oral haloperidol (4 mg/kg), olanzapine (2 mg/kg), or one of two doses of sertraline (SERT) (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), respectively. Treatments were administered daily, and behaviours assessed on days 11 and 24. Results showed that repeated ketamine administration caused hyperlocomotion, increased self-grooming, memory loss and social withdrawal. Administration of sertraline (both doses), haloperidol, and olanzapine reversed ketamine-induced behavioural changes. However, in the EPM, sertraline and olanzapine were anxiolytic, while haloperidol was anxiogenic. Sertraline's effect on behaviours tested was comparable to olanzapine and better than haloperidol. In conclusion, this study shows that sertraline's ability to counteract ketamine-induced behavioural changes in mice is comparable to known antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - T B Paul
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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New Targets for Schizophrenia Treatment beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081689. [PMID: 28771182 PMCID: PMC5578079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been primarily associated with dopamine dysfunction, and treatments have been developed that target the dopamine pathway in the central nervous system. However, accumulating evidence has shown that the core pathophysiology of schizophrenia might involve dysfunction in dopaminergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling, which may lead to aberrant functioning of interneurons that manifest as cognitive, behavioral, and social dysfunction through altered functioning of a broad range of macro- and microcircuits. The interactions between neurotransmitters can be modeled as nodes and edges by using graph theory, and oxidative balance, immune, and glutamatergic systems may represent multiple nodes interlocking at a central hub; imbalance within any of these nodes might affect the entire system. Therefore, this review attempts to address novel treatment targets beyond the dopamine hypothesis, including glutamate, serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA, and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we outline that these treatment targets can be possibly integrated with novel treatment strategies aimed at different symptoms or phases of the illness. We anticipate that reversing anomalous activity in these novel treatment targets or combinations between these strategies might be beneficial in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Alfimova MV, Golimbet VE, Korovaitseva GI, Lezheiko TV, Tikhonov DV, Ganisheva TK, Berezin NB, Snegireva AA, Shemiakina TK. [A role of interactions between N-methyl-D-aspartate and dopamine receptors in facial emotion recognition impairment in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:47-52. [PMID: 28745671 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171176147-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To search for genetic mechanisms of facial emotion recognition (FER) impairment, one of the features of schizophrenia that affects social adaptation of patients. Based on the view implicating the interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, authors explored the interaction effects of the C366G polymorphism in the GRIN2B gene encoding NMDA receptor subunit NR2B with ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A and 48-VNTR DRD4 polymorphisms on FER. MATERIAL AND METHODS GRIN2B -DRD2 interaction effects were studied in a sample of 237 patients and 235 healthy controls, GRIN2B - DRD4 in 268 patients and 208 controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Both effects were significant in combined samples of patients and controls (GRIN2B X DRD2, F=4.12, p=0.043; GRIN2B X DRD4, F=6.43, p=0.012). Further analysis confirmed the interaction effect of GRIN2B and DRD2 polymorphisms on FER in patients with schizophrenia. In patients with a less efficient allele of the DRD2 in the absence of the minor allele of the GRIN2B C366G polymorphism, the results were close to normal values while patients with minor alleles of both polymorphisms showed the worst results. This finding is in line with the conceptions on a possible role of NMDA-receptor hypofunction and D2-mediated regulation of NMDA-receptor activity in FER impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N B Berezin
- Alekseev Psychiatric Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
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Abnormally Increased Secretion in Olfactory Neuronal Precursors from a Case of Schizophrenia Is Modulated by Melatonin: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071439. [PMID: 28703738 PMCID: PMC5535930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations that underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) include the dysregulation of structural and functional properties of neurons. Among these, the secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones, which plays a key role for neuronal communication and development, is altered. Neuronal precursors from the human olfactory epithelium have been recently characterized as a reliable model for studying the etiopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. Our previous work has shown that melatonin enhances the development of morphological and functional features of cloned olfactory neuronal precursors (ONPs) from a healthy subject. In this work we found that primary cultures of ONPs obtained from a schizophrenic patient display an increased potassium-evoked secretion, when compared with ONPs from an age- and gender-matched healthy control subject (HCS). Secretion was evaluated by FM1-43 fluorescence cumulative changes in response to depolarization. Interestingly, a 12 h-melatonin treatment modulated the abnormally increased secretion in SCZ ONPs and brought it to levels similar to those found in the HCS ONPs. Our results suggest that the actin cytoskeleton might be a target for melatonin effects, since it induces the thickening of actin microfilament bundles. Further research will address the mechanisms by which melatonin modulates neurochemical secretion from ONPs.
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Buonaguro EF, Iasevoli F, Marmo F, Eramo A, Latte G, Avagliano C, Tomasetti C, de Bartolomeis A. Re-arrangements of gene transcripts at glutamatergic synapses after prolonged treatments with antipsychotics: A putative link with synaptic remodeling. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 76:29-41. [PMID: 28235555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The postsynaptic density (PSD) represents a site of dopamine-glutamate integration. Despite multiple evidence of PSD involvement in antipsychotic-induced synaptic changes, there are no direct head-to-head comparisons of the effects at the PSD of antipsychotics with different receptor profile and at different doses after chronic administration. METHODS Molecular imaging of gene expression was used to investigate whether chronic treatment with first and second generation antipsychotics (haloperidol, asenapine and olanzapine) may induce changes in the expression levels of PSD transcripts involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology, i.e. Homers, Shank1, PSD-95 and Arc. RESULTS Genes' expression patterns were differentially modulated after chronic administration of typical and atypical antipsychotics as well as by the same compound administered at different doses. Antipsychotic treatment reduced gene expression in cortical regions, while Homer1a was still induced in striatum by haloperidol even after prolonged treatment. Moreover, chronic treatments appeared to cause a "de-recruitment" of brain regions demonstrated to be activated in acute treatments, with a prominent effect in the cortex rather than in striatum. CONCLUSIONS These results let hypothesize that prolonged antipsychotic treatment may trigger a set of plastic changes involving scaffolding and effector molecules causing a possible re-arrangement of PSD transcripts in brain regions relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | | | - Gianmarco Latte
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Camilla Avagliano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
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Onaolapo AY, Aina OA, Onaolapo OJ. Melatonin attenuates behavioural deficits and reduces brain oxidative stress in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:373-383. [PMID: 28554133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone that is linked to the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the potentials of oral melatonin supplement in the management of induced schizophrenia-like behavioural and brain oxidative status changes, using an animal model. The relative degrees of modulation of ketamine-induced behaviours by haloperidol, olanzapine or melatonin were assessed in the open-field, Y-maze, elevated plus maze and the social interaction tests. 12-week old, male mice were assigned to six groups of ten each (n=10). They were pretreated with daily intraperitoneal ketamine at 15mg/kg (except vehicle) for 10days, before commencement of 14day treatment with standard drug (haloperidol or olanzapine) or melatonin. Ketamine injection also continued alongside melatonin or standard drugs administration for the duration of treatment. Melatonin, haloperidol and olanzapine were administered by gavage. Treatments were given daily, and behaviours assessed on days 11 and 24. On day 24, animals were sacrificed and whole brain homogenates used for the estimation of glutathione, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels. Ketamine injection increased open-field behaviours; while it decreased working-memory, social-interaction and glutathione activity. Nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels also increased after ketamine injection. Administration of melatonin was associated with variable degrees of reversal of these effects. In conclusion, melatonin may have the potential of a possible therapeutic agent and/or adjunct in the management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Olufemi A Aina
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Chiodini P, Marmo F, Latte G, Rossi R, Avvisati L, Iasevoli F, de Bartolomeis A. Postsynaptic density protein transcripts are differentially modulated by minocycline alone or in add-on to haloperidol: Implications for treatment resistant schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:406-417. [PMID: 27443599 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116658987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline proposed as an add-on to antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), may affect the expression of Homer and Arc postsynaptic density (PSD) transcripts, implicated in synaptic regulation. Minocycline was administered alone or with haloperidol in rats exposed or not to ketamine, mimicking acute glutamatergic psychosis or naturalistic conditions, respectively. Arc expression was significantly reduced by minocycline compared with controls. Minocycline in combination with haloperidol also significantly reduced Arc expression compared with both controls and haloperidol alone. Moreover, haloperidol/minocycline combination significantly affected Arc expression in cortical regions, while haloperidol alone was ineffective on cortical gene expression. These results suggest that minocycline may strongly affect the expression of Arc as mediated by haloperidol, both in terms of quantitative levels and of topography of haloperidol-related expression. It is noteworthy that no significant pre-treatment effect was found, suggesting that pre-exposure to ketamine did not grossly affect gene expression. Minocycline was not found to significantly affect haloperidol-related Homer1a expression. No significant changes in Homer1b/c expression were observed. These results are consistent with previous observations that minocycline may modulate postsynaptic glutamatergic transmission, affecting distinct downstream pathways initiated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulation, i.e. Arc-mediated but not Homer1a-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- 2 Medical Statistics Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Livia Avvisati
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University School of Medicine 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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Tomasetti C, Iasevoli F, Buonaguro EF, De Berardis D, Fornaro M, Fiengo ALC, Martinotti G, Orsolini L, Valchera A, Di Giannantonio M, de Bartolomeis A. Treating the Synapse in Major Psychiatric Disorders: The Role of Postsynaptic Density Network in Dopamine-Glutamate Interplay and Psychopharmacologic Drugs Molecular Actions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E135. [PMID: 28085108 PMCID: PMC5297768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-glutamate interplay dysfunctions have been suggested as pathophysiological key determinants of major psychotic disorders, above all schizophrenia and mood disorders. For the most part, synaptic interactions between dopamine and glutamate signaling pathways take part in the postsynaptic density, a specialized ultrastructure localized under the membrane of glutamatergic excitatory synapses. Multiple proteins, with the role of adaptors, regulators, effectors, and scaffolds compose the postsynaptic density network. They form structural and functional crossroads where multiple signals, starting at membrane receptors, are received, elaborated, integrated, and routed to appropriate nuclear targets. Moreover, transductional pathways belonging to different receptors may be functionally interconnected through postsynaptic density molecules. Several studies have demonstrated that psychopharmacologic drugs may differentially affect the expression and function of postsynaptic genes and proteins, depending upon the peculiar receptor profile of each compound. Thus, through postsynaptic network modulation, these drugs may induce dopamine-glutamate synaptic remodeling, which is at the basis of their long-term physiologic effects. In this review, we will discuss the role of postsynaptic proteins in dopamine-glutamate signals integration, as well as the peculiar impact of different psychotropic drugs used in clinical practice on postsynaptic remodeling, thereby trying to point out the possible future molecular targets of "synapse-based" psychiatric therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Tomasetti
- NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "Maria SS dello Splendore", 641021 Giulianova, Italy.
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- NHS, Department of Mental Health ASL Teramo, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini", 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- Casa di Cura Villa San Giuseppe, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Valchera
- Polyedra Research Group, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- Casa di Cura Villa San Giuseppe, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatogical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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de Bartolomeis A, Marmo F, Buonaguro EF, Latte G, Tomasetti C, Iasevoli F. Switching antipsychotics: Imaging the differential effect on the topography of postsynaptic density transcripts in antipsychotic-naïve vs. antipsychotic-exposed rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 70:24-38. [PMID: 27177972 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density (PSD) has been regarded as a functional switchboard at the crossroads of a dopamine-glutamate interaction, and it is putatively involved in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that antipsychotics may modulate several PSD transcripts, such as PSD-95, Shank, and Homer. Despite switching antipsychotics is a frequent strategy to counteract lack of efficacy and/or side effect onset in clinical practice, no information is available on the effects of sequential treatments with different antipsychotics on PSD molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a previous exposure to a typical antipsychotic and a switch to an atypical one may affect the expression of PSD transcripts, in order to evaluate potential neurobiological correlates of this common clinical practice, with specific regards to putative synaptic plasticity processes. We treated male Sprague-Dawley rats intraperitoneally for 15days with haloperidol or vehicle, then from the sixteenth day we switched the animals to amisulpride or continued to treat them with vehicle or haloperidol for 15 additional days. In this way we got six first treatment/second treatment groups: vehicle/vehicle, vehicle/haloperidol, vehicle/amisulpride, haloperidol/vehicle, haloperidol/haloperidol, haloperidol/amisulpride. In this paradigm, we evaluated the expression of brain transcripts belonging to relevant and interacting PSD proteins, both of the Immediate-Early Gene (Homer1a, Arc) and the constitutive classes (Homer1b/c and PSD-95). The major finding was the differential effect of amisulpride on gene transcripts when administered in naïve vs. antipsychotic-pretreated rats, with modifications of the ratio between Homer1a/Homer1b transcripts and differential effects in cortex and striatum. These results suggest that the neurobiological effects on PSD transcripts of amisulpride, and possibly of other antipsychotics, may be greatly affected by prior antipsychotic treatments and may impact significantly on the switching procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness which is experienced by about 1 % of individuals worldwide and has a debilitating impact on perception, cognition, and social function. Over the years, several models/hypotheses have been developed which link schizophrenia to dysregulations of the dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin receptor pathways. An important segment of these pathways that have been extensively studied for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is the presynaptic neurotransmitter release mechanism. This set of molecular events is an evolutionarily well-conserved process that involves vesicle recruitment, docking, membrane fusion, and recycling, leading to efficient neurotransmitter delivery at the synapse. Accumulated evidence indicate dysregulation of this mechanism impacting postsynaptic signal transduction via different neurotransmitters in key brain regions implicated in schizophrenia. In recent years, after ground-breaking work that elucidated the operations of this mechanism, research efforts have focused on the alterations in the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of presynaptic neurotransmitter release molecules in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions. In this review article, we present recent evidence from schizophrenia human postmortem studies that key proteins involved in the presynaptic release mechanism are dysregulated in the disorder. We also discuss the potential impact of dysfunctional presynaptic neurotransmitter release on the various neurotransmitter systems implicated in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke N Egbujo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Duncan Sinclair
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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d-Aspartate drinking solution alleviates pain and cognitive impairment in neuropathic mice. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1553-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Schepisi C, Pignataro A, Doronzio SS, Piccinin S, Ferraina C, Di Prisco S, Feligioni M, Pittaluga A, Mercuri NB, Ammassari-Teule M, Nisticò R, Nencini P. Inhibition of hippocampal plasticity in rats performing contrafreeloading for water under repeated administrations of pramipexole. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:727-37. [PMID: 26572895 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compulsive symptoms develop in patients exposed to pramipexole (PPX), a dopaminergic agonist with high selectivity for the D3 receptor. Consistently, we demonstrated that PPX produces an exaggerated increase in contrafreeloading (CFL) for water, a repetitive and highly inflexible behavior that models core aspects of compulsive disorders. OBJECTIVES Given the role of the hippocampus in behavioral flexibility, motivational control, and visuospatial working memory, we investigated the role of hippocampus in the expression of PPX-induced CFL. To this aim, rats were subjected to CFL under chronic PPX, and then examined for the electrophysiological, structural, and molecular properties of their hippocampus. METHODS We measured long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 Schaffer collaterals, dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and then glutamate release and expression of pre and postsynaptic proteins in hippocampal synaptosomes. The effects of PPX on hippocampal-dependent working memory were assessed through the novel object recognition (NOR) test. RESULTS We found that PPX-treated rats showing CFL exhibited a significant decrease in hippocampal LTP and failed to exhibit the expected increase in hippocampal spine density. Glutamate release and PSD-95 expression were decreased, while pSYN expression was increased in hippocampal synaptosomes of PPX-treated rats showing CFL. Despite a general impairment of hippocampal synaptic function, working memory was unaffected by PPX treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that chronic PPX affects synaptic function in the hippocampus, an area that is critically involved in the expression of flexible, goal-centered behaviors. We suggest that the hippocampus is a promising target in the pharmacotherapy of compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Schepisi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Simone Doronzio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Di Prisco
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martine Ammassari-Teule
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Nencini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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de Bartolomeis A, Errico F, Aceto G, Tomasetti C, Usiello A, Iasevoli F. D-aspartate dysregulation in Ddo(-/-) mice modulates phencyclidine-induced gene expression changes of postsynaptic density molecules in cortex and striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:35-43. [PMID: 25979765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction has been considered a key alteration in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Thus, several strategies aimed at enhancing glutamatergic transmission, included the introduction in therapy of D-amino acids, such as D-serine and D-cycloserine augmentation, have been proposed to counteract difficult-to-treat symptoms or treatment-resistant forms of schizophrenia. Another D-amino acid, D-aspartate, has recently gained increasing interest for its role in NMDAR activation and has been found reduced in post-mortem cortex of schizophrenia patients. NMDAR is the core of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a postsynaptic site involved in glutamate signaling and responsive to antipsychotic treatment. In this study, we investigated striatal and cortical gene expression of key PSD transcripts (i.e. Homer1a, Homer1b/c, and PSD-95) in mice with persistently elevated brain D-aspartate-levels, i.e. the D-aspartate-oxidase knockout mice (Ddo(-/-)). These animal models were analyzed both in naive condition and after phencyclidine (PCP) treatment. Naive Ddo(-/-) mice showed decreased Homer1a expression in the prefrontal cortex, increased Homer1b/c expression in the striatum, and decreased PSD-95 expression in the striatum and in the cortex. Acute PCP treatment restored, and even potentiated, Homer1a expression in the prefrontal cortex of mutant mice, while it had limited effects on the other genes. These results suggest that persistently elevated D-aspartate, by enhancing NMDA transmission, may cause complex adaptive mechanisms affecting Homer1a, which in turn may explain the recently demonstrated protective effects of this D-amino acid against PCP-induced behavioral alterations, such as ataxic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Errico
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples (SUN), Caserta, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Guida F, Luongo L, Marmo F, Romano R, Iannotta M, Napolitano F, Belardo C, Marabese I, D'Aniello A, De Gregorio D, Rossi F, Piscitelli F, Lattanzi R, de Bartolomeis A, Usiello A, Di Marzo V, de Novellis V, Maione S. Palmitoylethanolamide reduces pain-related behaviors and restores glutamatergic synapses homeostasis in the medial prefrontal cortex of neuropathic mice. Mol Brain 2015; 8:47. [PMID: 26260027 PMCID: PMC4532244 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced supraspinal glutamate levels following nerve injury are associated with pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for neuropathic pain. Chronic pain can interfere with specific brain areas involved in glutamate-dependent neuropsychological processes, such as cognition, memory, and decision-making. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is thought to play a critical role in pain-related depression and anxiety, which are frequent co-morbidities of chronic pain. Using an animal model of spared nerve injury (SNI) of the sciatic nerve, we assess bio-molecular modifications in glutamatergic synapses in the mPFC that underlie neuropathic pain-induced plastic changes at 30 days post-surgery. Moreover, we examine the effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) administration on pain-related behaviours, as well as the cortical biochemical and morphological changes that occur in SNI animals. RESULTS At 1 month, SNI was associated with mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, as well as depression-like behaviour, cognitive impairments, and obsessive-compulsive activities. Moreover, we observed an overall glutamate synapse modification in the mPFC, characterized by changes in synaptic density proteins and amino acid levels. Finally, with regard to the resolution of pain and depressive-like syndrome in SNI mice, PEA restored the glutamatergic synapse proteins and changes in amino acid release. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential role of the mPFC in pain mechanisms, our findings may provide novel insights into neuropathic pain forebrain processes and indicate PEA as a new pharmacological tool to treat neuropathic pain and the related negative affective states. Graphical Abstract Palmitoylethanolamide: a new pharmacological tool to treat neuropathic pain and the related negative affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - L Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Marmo
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - R Romano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Napolitano
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - C Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - I Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A D'Aniello
- Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Naples, Italy
| | - D De Gregorio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - F Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - R Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A de Bartolomeis
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Usiello
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - V Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - V de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - S Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Jajodia A, Kaur H, Kumari K, Kanojia N, Gupta M, Baghel R, Sood M, Jain S, Chadda RK, Kukreti R. Evaluation of genetic association of neurodevelopment and neuroimmunological genes with antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia in Indian populations. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 4:18-27. [PMID: 26788534 PMCID: PMC4707035 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental and neuroimmunological genes critically regulate antipsychotic treatment outcome. We report genetic associations of antipsychotic response in 742 schizophrenia patients from Indian populations of Indo‐European and Dravidian ancestry, segregated by disease severity. Meta‐analysis comparing the two populations identified CCL2 [rs4795893: OR (95% CI) = 1.79 (1.27–2.52), P = 7.62 × 10−4; rs4586: OR (95% CI) = 1.74 (1.24–2.43), P = 1.13 × 10−3] and GRIA4 [rs2513265: OR (95% CI) = 0.53 (0.36–0.78), P = 1.44 × 10−3] in low severity group; and, ADCY2 [rs1544938: OR (95% CI) = 0.36 (0.19–0.65), P = 7.68 × 10−4] and NRG1 [rs13250975, OR (95% CI) = 0.42 (0.23–0.79), P = 6.81 × 10−3; rs17716295, OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.15–2.75), P = 8.71 × 10−3] in high severity group, with incomplete response toward antipsychotics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients from two major India populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Jajodia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road Delhi 110007 India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road Delhi 110007 India
| | - Kalpana Kumari
- Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road Delhi 110007 India
| | - Meenal Gupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ruchi Baghel
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road Delhi 110007 India
| | - Mamta Sood
- Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Molecular Genetic Laboratory Department of Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Hosur Road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Rakesh K Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Mall Road Delhi 110007 India
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de Bartolomeis A, Iasevoli F, Marmo F, Buonaguro EF, Eramo A, Rossi R, Avvisati L, Latte G, Tomasetti C. Progressive recruitment of cortical and striatal regions by inducible postsynaptic density transcripts after increasing doses of antipsychotics with different receptor profiles: insights for psychosis treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:566-82. [PMID: 25649681 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotics may modulate the transcription of multiple gene programs, including those belonging to postsynaptic density (PSD) network, within cortical and subcortical brain regions. Understanding which brain region is activated progressively by increasing doses of antipsychotics and how their different receptor profiles may impact such an activation could be relevant to better correlate the mechanism of action of antipsychotics both with their efficacy and side effects. We analyzed the differential topography of PSD transcripts by incremental doses of two antipsychotics: haloperidol, the prototypical first generation antipsychotic with prevalent dopamine D2 receptors antagonism, and asenapine, a second generation antipsychotic characterized by multiple receptors occupancy. We investigated the expression of PSD genes involved in synaptic plasticity and previously demonstrated to be modulated by antipsychotics: Homer1a, and its related interacting constitutive genes Homer1b/c and PSD95, as well as Arc, C-fos and Zif-268, also known to be induced by antipsychotics administration. We found that increasing acute doses of haloperidol induced immediate-early genes (IEGs) expression in different striatal areas, which were progressively recruited by incremental doses with a dorsal-to-ventral gradient of expression. Conversely, increasing acute asenapine doses progressively de-recruited IEGs expression in cortical areas and increased striatal genes signal intensity. These effects were mirrored by a progressive reduction in locomotor animal activity by haloperidol, and an opposite increase by asenapine. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that antipsychotics may progressively recruit PSD-related IEGs expression in cortical and subcortical areas when administered at incremental doses and these effects may reflect a fine-tuned dose-dependent modulation of the PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Anna Eramo
- Medical Affairs & Phase IV Clinical Affair. Lundbeck Pharmaceutical Services LLC, Deerfield, IL, United States
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Livia Avvisati
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical School of Naples Federico II, Italy
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MicroRNAs in Schizophrenia: Implications for Synaptic Plasticity and Dopamine-Glutamate Interaction at the Postsynaptic Density. New Avenues for Antipsychotic Treatment Under a Theranostic Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1771-1790. [PMID: 25394379 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction that has long been considered a relevant landmark of psychosis pathophysiology, several aspects of these two neurotransmitters reciprocal interaction remain to be defined. The emerging role of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins at glutamate synapse as a molecular "lego" making a functional hub where different signals converge may add a new piece of information to understand how dopamine-glutamate interaction may work with regard to schizophrenia pathophysiology and treatment. More recently, compelling evidence suggests a relevant role for microRNA (miRNA) as a new class of dopamine and glutamate modulators with regulatory functions in the reciprocal interaction of these two neurotransmitters. Here, we aimed at addressing the following issues: (i) Do miRNAs have a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology in the context of dopamine-glutamate aberrant interaction? (ii) If miRNAs are relevant for dopamine-glutamate interaction, at what level this modulation takes place? (iii) Finally, will this knowledge open the door to innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools? The biogenesis of miRNAs and their role in synaptic plasticity with relevance to schizophrenia will be considered in the context of dopamine-glutamate interaction, with special focus on miRNA interaction with PSD elements. From this framework, implications both for biomarkers identification and potential innovative interventions will be considered.
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