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Zhao T, Hopke PK, Utell MJ, Croft DP, Thurston SW, Lin S, Ling FS, Chen Y, Yount CS, Rich DQ. A case-crossover study of ST-elevation myocardial infarction and organic carbon and source-specific PM 2.5 concentrations in Monroe County, New York. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369698. [PMID: 39148650 PMCID: PMC11324441 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work reported increased rates of cardiovascular hospitalizations associated with increased source-specific PM2.5 concentrations in New York State, despite decreased PM2.5 concentrations. We also found increased rates of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) associated with short-term increases in concentrations of ultrafine particles and other traffic-related pollutants in the 2014-2016 period, but not during 2017-2019 in Rochester. Changes in PM2.5 composition and sources resulting from air quality policies (e.g., Tier 3 light-duty vehicles) may explain the differences. Thus, this study aimed to estimate whether rates of STEMI were associated with organic carbon and source-specific PM2.5 concentrations. Methods Using STEMI patients treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center, compositional and source-apportioned PM2.5 concentrations measured in Rochester, a time-stratified case-crossover design, and conditional logistic regression models, we estimated the rate of STEMI associated with increases in mean primary organic carbon (POC), secondary organic carbon (SOC), and source-specific PM2.5 concentrations on lag days 0, 0-3, and 0-6 during 2014-2019. Results The associations of an increased rate of STEMI with interquartile range (IQR) increases in spark-ignition emissions (GAS) and diesel (DIE) concentrations in the previous few days were not found from 2014 to 2019. However, IQR increases in GAS concentrations were associated with an increased rate of STEMI on the same day in the 2014-2016 period (Rate ratio [RR] = 1.69; 95% CI = 0.98, 2.94; 1.73 μg/m3). In addition, each IQR increase in mean SOC concentration in the previous 6 days was associated with an increased rate of STEMI, despite imprecision (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.45; 0.42 μg/m3). Conclusion Increased SOC concentrations may be associated with increased rates of STEMI, while there seems to be a declining trend in adverse effects of GAS on triggering of STEMI. These changes could be attributed to changes in PM2.5 composition and sources following the Tier 3 vehicle introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Sciences, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Mark J Utell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Daniel P Croft
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Frederick S Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yunle Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Catherine S Yount
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Strobl K, Irfan SA, Masood H, Latif N, Kurmi O. Association between PM10 exposure and risk of myocardial infarction in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301374. [PMID: 38691568 PMCID: PMC11062553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has several negative health effects. Particulate matter (PM) is a pollutant that is often linked to health adversities. PM2.5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μm) exposure has been associated with negative cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. However, the impact of PM10 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10μm) exposure is often overlooked due to its limited ability to pass the alveolar barrier. This study aims to assess the association between PM10 exposure and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) amongst adults (≥18 years of age) as this has been poorly studied. METHODS The study protocol was published on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42023409796) on March 31, 2023. Literature searches were conducted on 4 databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and Web of Science) on January 17, 2023, for studies looking at associations between PM and MI. English studies from all time periods were assessed. Studies selected for review were time-series, case-crossover, and cohort studies which investigated the risk of MI as an outcome upon PM10 exposure. The quality of evidence was assessed using Cochrane's Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data for different risk outcomes (risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR)) and 3 lags was meta-analyzed using an inverse variance statistical analysis using a random effects model. The pooled effect sizes and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported in forest plots. RESULTS Among the 1,099 studies identified, 41 were included for review and 23 were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed that there is an increased risk (OR = 1.01; 95% CI:1.00-1.02) of MI with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 after a lag 0 and lag 1 delay. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PM10 exposure is associated with an increased risk of MI. This can aid in informing environmental policy-making, personal-level preventative measures, and global public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleiton Strobl
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Syed Asad Irfan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hassan Masood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Noor Latif
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Om Kurmi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Faculty Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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D'Acquisto MP, Krause D, Klaassen-Mielke R, Trampisch M, Trampisch HJ, Trampisch U, Rudolf H. Does residential exposure to air pollutants influence mortality and cardiovascular morbidity of older people from primary care? BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1281. [PMID: 37400826 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases affecting the cardiovascular system are the most common cause of death worldwide. In addition to classical risk factors of atherosclerosis, long-term exposure to particulate matter with particles of size up to 10 µm (PM10) in the atmosphere has become an increasing focus of scientific attention in recent decades. This study analyses the associations of residential-associated air pollutants exposure with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morbidity of older patients in a primary care setting. METHODS The "German Epidemiological Trial on Ankle Brachial Index" (getABI) is a prospective cohort study that started in 2001 and included 6,880 primary care patients with a follow-up of 7 years. The PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in the atmosphere are interpolated values from the study "Mapping of background air pollution at a fine spatial scale across the European Union". The primary outcome in this analysis is death of any cause, a secondary outcome is onset of PAD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used in a two-step modelling, the first step with basic adjustment only for age, sex, and one or more air pollutants, the second with additional risk factors. RESULTS A total of 6,819 getABI patients were included in this analysis. 1,243 of them died during the study period. The hazard ratio (HR) (1.218, 95%-confidence-interval (CI) 0.949-1.562) for the risk of death from any cause was elevated by 22% per 10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 in the fully adjusted model, although not statistically significant. Increased PM10 exposure in combination with the presence of PAD had a significantly increased risk (HR = 1.560, 95%-CI: 1.059-2.298) for this endpoint in the basic adjustment, but not in the fully adjusted model. 736 patients developed peripheral artery disease (PAD) during the course of the study. There was no association of air pollutants and the onset of PAD. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis renders some hints for the impact of air pollutants (PM10, NO2, and proximity to major road) on mortality. Interaction of PAD with PM10 was found. There was no association of air pollutants and the onset of PAD. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00029733 (19/09/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Krause
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Renate Klaassen-Mielke
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Hans Joachim Trampisch
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrike Trampisch
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Henrik Rudolf
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
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Jin JQ, Lin GZ, Wu SY, Zheng MR, Liu H, Liu XY, Yan MQ, Chen ZY, Ou CQ. Short-term effects of individual exposure to PM 2.5 on hospital admissions for myocardial infarction and stroke: a population-based case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28058-y. [PMID: 37273056 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have investigated the effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular diseases based on the population-average exposure data from several monitoring stations. No one has explored the short-term effect of PM2.5 on cardiovascular hospitalizations using individual-level exposure data. We assessed the short-term effects of individual exposure to PM2.5 on hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in Guangzhou, China, during 2014-2019. The population-based data on cardio-cerebrovascular events were provided by Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were used to describe trends in the hospitalization rates of MI and stroke. The conditional logistic regression model with a time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to estimate the effects of satellite-retrieved PM2.5 with 1-km resolution as individual-level exposure. Furthermore, we performed stratified analyses by demographic characteristics and season. There were 28,346 cases of MI, 188,611, and 36,850 cases of ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS), respectively, with an annual average hospitalization rate of 37.2, 247, and 48.4 per 100,000 people. Over the six-year study period, significant increasing trends in the hospitalization rates were observed with AAPCs of 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.24%, 17.6%), 13.1% (95% CI: 9.54%, 16.7%), and 9.57% (95% CI: 6.27%, 13.0%) for MI, IS, and HS, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.15% (95% CI: 0.308%, 1.99%) in MI hospitalization and 1.29% (95% CI: 0.882%, 1.70%) in IS hospitalization. A PM2.5-associated reduction of 1.17% (95% CI: 0.298%, 2.03%) was found for HS hospitalization. The impact of PM2.5 was greater in males than in females for MI hospitalization, and greater effects were observed in the elderly (≥ 65 years) and in cold seasons for IS hospitalization. Our study added important evidence on the adverse effect of PM2.5 based on satellite-retrieved individual-level exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qi Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Lin
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Shuang-Ying Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mu-Rui Zheng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 15, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Min-Qian Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun-Quan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ma X, Zhang B, Duan H, Wu H, Dong J, Guo X, Lu Z, Ma J, Xi B. Estimating future PM 2.5-attributed acute myocardial infarction incident cases under climate mitigation and population change scenarios in Shandong Province, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114893. [PMID: 37059016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been widely recognized. However, no studies have comprehensively evaluated future PM2.5-attributed AMI burdens under different climate mitigation and population change scenarios. We aimed to quantify the PM2.5-AMI association and estimate the future change in PM2.5-attributed AMI incident cases under six integrated scenarios in 2030 and 2060 in Shandong Province, China. METHODS Daily AMI incident cases and air pollutant data were collected from 136 districts/counties in Shandong Province from 2017 - 2019. A two-stage analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model was conducted to quantify the baseline PM2.5-AMI association. The future change in PM2.5-attributed AMI incident cases was estimated by combining the fitted PM2.5-AMI association with the projected daily PM2.5 concentrations under six integrated scenarios. We further analyzed the factors driving changes in PM2.5-related AMI incidence using a decomposition method. RESULTS Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure at lag05 was related to an excess risk of 1.3 % (95 % confidence intervals: 0.9 %, 1.7 %) for AMI incidence from 2017 - 2019 in Shandong Province. The estimated total PM2.5-attributed AMI incident cases would increase by 10.9-125.9 % and 6.4-244.6 % under Scenarios 1 - 3 in 2030 and 2060, whereas they would decrease by 0.9-5.2 % and 33.0-46.2 % under Scenarios 5 - 6 in 2030 and 2060, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage increases in PM2.5-attributed female cases (2030: -0.3 % to 135.1 %; 2060: -33.2 % to 321.5 %) and aging cases (2030: 15.2-171.8 %; 2060: -21.5 % to 394.2 %) would wholly exceed those in male cases (2030: -1.8 % to 133.2 %; 2060: -41.1 % to 264.3 %) and non-aging cases (2030: -41.0 % to 45.7 %; 2060: -89.5 % to -17.0 %) under six scenarios in 2030 and 2060. Population aging is the main driver of increased PM2.5-related AMI incidence under Scenarios 1 - 3 in 2030 and 2060, while improved air quality can offset these negative effects of population aging under the implementation of the carbon neutrality and 1.5 °C targets. CONCLUSION The combination of ambitious climate policies (i.e., 1.5 °C warming limits and carbon neutrality targets) with stringent clean air policies is necessary to reduce the health impacts of air pollution in Shandong Province, China, regardless of population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingyin Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jixiang Ma
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Effect Analysis of Nursing Method Based on Stratified Emergency Knowledge in Emergency Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3505228. [PMID: 36246970 PMCID: PMC9553482 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3505228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
First aid is to give immediate first aid to patients who have suffered accidental injuries or sudden diseases before the emergency medical personnel arrive at the scene or are sent to the hospital for treatment; myocardial infarction is a severe and emergency of coronary heart disease. It is often because of coronary atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, bleeding, or thrombosis, which leads to the acute and complete occlusion of the coronary arteries and acute necrosis of the myocardium. This article aims to investigate the effectiveness of a stratified emergency care team assisted by multidisciplinary first aid knowledge in acute myocardial infarction first aid, hoping to reduce the probability of acute myocardial infarction through first aid and nursing care. Business process reengineering is a management idea that reached its heyday in the 1990s and is usually defined as achieving workflow and productivity through the reorganization and optimization of corporate strategies, value-added operational processes, and the systems, policies, organizations, and structures that support them. This article first outlines the concepts and steps of medical image registration, analyzes the characteristics of current medical image registration methods, and uses the two most commonly used medical registration methods today; in this study, the BPR theory was used to construct the AMI emergency care process in the hospital, which effectively reduced the emergency delay time of AMI patients, improved the patient's emergency response, and increased the efficiency of emergency nurses' rescue work. The experimental results in this paper show that the sensitivities of the first four groups of ST↑III > II, ST ↓ aVL > I, STV3 ↓ /STIII↑≤1.2, STI ↓ ≥0.05 mV are 82.1%, 80%, 75.3%, and 60.3%, respectively. Their sensitivities are relatively close, both are greater than 50%; among them, ST↑III > II has the highest sensitivity, which is 80%. In terms of specificity, ST↑III > II, ST ↓ aVL > I, STV3 ↓ /STIII↑≤1.2, and STI ↓ ≥0.05 mV were 82.1%, 89.2%, 82.7%, and 65.2%, respectively. ST ↓ ≥0.05 mV has the lowest specificity, and ST ↓ aVL > I has the highest specificity.
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Sun Q, Cao B, Jiang Y, Zhuang J, Zhang C, Jiang B. Association between ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5/PM 10) and first incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Suzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62690-62697. [PMID: 35404033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interests in evaluation of the effect of air pollution and weather conditions on cardiovascular disease have increased. However, the relationship between short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and first incident ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unclear. Medical records were collected from December 2013 to December 2016. A total of 1354 patients with first incident STEMI were included. The daily average of air pollution and weather conditions were calculated. In this case-crossover study, conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the association between daily concentrations of PM and first incident STEMI. The daily average of PM2.5 and PM10 were 58.9 μg/m3 and 80.2 μg/m3, respectively. In this case-crossover study, single-pollutant models showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a percent change of 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.01-5.77), or in PM10 percent change of 2.1%, 95%CI: (0.2-4.04) for patients with first incident STEMI. The association remained stable after adjusting for ozone (O3). The results from subgroup analysis showed the association slightly enhanced in women, elder patients, patients with history of diabetes, patients without history of smoking, and cold seasons. The p values were not significant between these strata, which may be due to small sample size. This investigation showed that short-term PM exposure associated with first incident STEMI in Suzhou. Given the effect of PM on the first incident STEMI, strategies to decrease PM should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bangming Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152656. [PMID: 35957086 PMCID: PMC9370264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
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9
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Valdés M, Alonso F, Pino P, Nazzal C. Emergency visits and mortality caused by ischemic heart disease attributable to fine particulate matter during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:247-254. [PMID: 34393032 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
POSITION DU PROBLèME: Le confinement mis en place au deuxième trimestre 2020 a entrainé une amélioration de la qualité de l'air de Santiago, capitale et plus grande ville du Chili, caractérisée par de fortes concentrations en particules fines PM2,5 liées, en grande partie, au trafic routier. L'objectif était de mettre en évidence une potentielle réduction des visites aux urgences pour infarctus du myocarde aigu (IDM) et des décès dus à une cardiopathie ischémique (CPI) attribuable à l'émission de PM2,5, en comparant les périodes équivalentes de 2019 et de 2020. MéTHODES: À Santiago, la surveillance de la qualité de l'air se fait grâce à neuf moniteurs situés dans neuf communes différentes : Cerro Navia, Cerrillos, El Bosque, Pudahuel, Independencia, La Florida, Quilicura, Santiago centre-ville et Las Condes (classées de la plus haute à la plus basse en matière de pauvreté multidimensionnelle). La concentration moyenne quotidienne de PM2,5 a été décrite avec des séries temporelles, et les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès dus à une CPI ont été analysés de façon trimestrielle pour chaque année. Pour estimer l'impact de l'excès de PM2,5, les fractions de risque attribuables (FRA) pour les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès pour CPI ont été calculées. RéSULTATS: La moyenne quotidienne des PM2,5 a diminué dans huit des neuf communes de Santiago. Cependant, la réduction n'a été significative que dans trois communes. Les visites aux urgences pour IDM et les décès par CPI attribuables aux PM2,5 ont diminué légèrement mais significativement dans ces trois communes. Les FRA dans les autres communes sont restées similaires à 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Une réduction significative de la FRA des PM2,5 pour les décès par CPI et les visites aux urgences d'IDM n'a été observée que dans les communes avec une réduction significative de la concentration quotidienne moyenne de PM2,5 pendant la pandémie de COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valdés
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
| | - F Alonso
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
| | - P Pino
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
| | - C Nazzal
- Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional - Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Chile.
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Kim SY, Bang M, Wee JH, Min C, Yoo DM, Han SM, Kim S, Choi HG. Short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and lack of sunlight are associated with an increased risk of depression: A nested case-control study using meteorological data and national sample cohort data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143960. [PMID: 33321334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of depression related to air pollutants. This study investigated the relationship of air pollutant exposure and meteorological factors with depression. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2013 was analyzed. In total, 25,589 depression participants were 1:4 matched with 102,356 control participants for age, sex, income, and region of residence. Depression was defined based on a diagnosis (ICD-10: F31-33) by a psychiatric physician. Meteorological factors and air pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2) (ppm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (ppm), ozone (O3) (ppm), carbon monoxide (CO) (ppm), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) (μg/m3) during the 30 days and 365 days before the index date were analyzed for associations with depression using conditional logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, income, and region of residence. The odds ratios (ORs) for depression were 1.05 (95% CI = 1.02-1.08) at 365 days for 1 h less of sunshine. The ORs for depression were 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01-1.03) and 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.05) at 30 days and 365 days for PM10 (10 μg/m3), respectively. The ORs for depression were 1.18 (95% CI = 1.04-1.35) and 1.25 (95% CI = 1.07-1.47) at 30 days and 365 days for CO (ppm), respectively. In the subgroup analyses, the overall results were consistent. However, statistical significance diminished in the younger, high-income, and urban resident subgroups. Both short- and long-term exposure to PM10 and CO and a reduced duration of sunshine were related to an increased risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hye Wee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Han
- Political Science (Climate and Environmental Policy), Graduate School of Global Cooperation, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungdo Kim
- Research Center for Climate Change and Energy, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute for Environmental Diseases (HIED), Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Effects of PM10 and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases.
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Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Báez-Ferrer N, Abreu-González P, Rodríguez S, Díaz R, Avanzas P, Hernández-Vaquero D. Impact of Desert Dust Events on the Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040727. [PMID: 33673156 PMCID: PMC7918944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether or not inhalation of airborne desert dust has adverse health effects is unknown. The present study, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, was carried out to assess the influence desert dust on cardiovascular mortality, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. Methods: A systematic search was made in PubMed and Embase databases for studies published before March 2020. Studies based on daily measurements of desert dust were identified. The meta-analysis evaluated the impact of desert dust on cardiovascular events the same day (lag 0) of the exposure and during several days after the exposure (lags 1 to 5). The combined impact of several days of exposure was also evaluated. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated using the inverse variance random effects method. Results: Of the 589 identified titles, a total of 15 studies were selected. The impact of desert dust on the incidence of cardiovascular mortality was statistically significant (IRR = 1.018 (95%CI 1.008–1.027); p < 0.001) in lag 0 of the dust episode, in the following day (lag 1) (IRR = 1.005 (95%CI 1.001–1.009); p = 0.022), and during both days combined (lag 0–1) (IRR = 1.015 (95%CI 1.003–1.028); p = 0.014). Conclusions: The inhalation to desert dust results in a 2% increase (for every 10 µg/m3) in cardiovascular mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38010 Tenerife, Spain;
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-679040; Fax: +34-922-678460
| | - Néstor Báez-Ferrer
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38010 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Pedro Abreu-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Sergio Rodríguez
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA, CSIC, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA, CSIC, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rocío Díaz
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.); (P.A.); (D.H.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.); (P.A.); (D.H.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Asturias, Spain
| | - Daniel Hernández-Vaquero
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (R.D.); (P.A.); (D.H.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Lederer AM, Fredriksen PM, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Everson F, Strijdom H, De Boever P, Goswami N. Cardiovascular effects of air pollution: current evidence from animal and human studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1417-H1439. [PMID: 33513082 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00706.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a global health concern. Particulate matter (PM)2.5, a component of ambient air pollution, has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the pollutants that poses the greatest threat to public health. Cardiovascular health effects have been extensively documented, and these effects are still being researched to provide an overview of recent literature regarding air pollution-associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in humans. Additionally, potential mechanisms through which air pollutants affect the cardiovascular system are discussed based on human and additional animal studies. We used the strategy of a narrative review to summarize the scientific literature of studies that were published in the past 7 yr. Searches were carried out on PubMed and Web of Science using predefined search queries. We obtained an initial set of 800 publications that were filtered to 78 publications that were relevant to include in this review. Analysis of the literature showed significant associations between air pollution, especially PM2.5, and the risk of elevated blood pressure (BP), acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrhythmia, and heart failure (HF). Prominent mechanisms that underlie the adverse effects of air pollution include oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autonomic imbalance, and thrombogenicity. The current review underscores the relevance of air pollution as a global health concern that affects cardiovascular health. More rigorous standards are needed to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden imposed by air pollution. Continued research on the health impact of air pollution is needed to provide further insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Maria Lederer
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Benedicta Ngwenchi Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Frans Everson
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Lee S, Lee W, Lee E, Jeong MH, Rha SW, Kim CJ, Chae SC, Kim HS, Gwon HC, Kim H. Effects of Asian dust-derived particulate matter on ST-elevation myocardial infarction: retrospective, time series study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:68. [PMID: 33413237 PMCID: PMC7791846 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dust storms affect human health by impairing visibility and promoting interactions with microscopic organisms, such as bacteria and fungi. Although ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) differ mechanistically, few studies have investigated the incidence of cardiovascular diseases according to infarction type; these studies have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to examine whether PM size (< 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and < 10 μm (PM10)) modifies the effect of Asian dust on acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with separate analyses for STEMI and NSTEMI. Methods MI-related data from 9934 emergency visits were collected from the Korea AMI Registry from 2005 to 2017. Asian dust events were defined as days with visibility of ≤10 km. Generalized linear models were used to analyze data with natural cubic splines. To examine potential modifiers, analyses were stratified by age, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Results No significant associations were observed between Asian dust and AMI. By adjusting for different lag structures, a significant effect was exclusively observed in STEMI. For moving average lags, the largest value at lag 5 (relative risk [RR] 1.083; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007–1.166) for single and lags 0–7 (RR 1.067; 95% CI: 1.002–1.136) was observed for PM2.5; for PM10, the largest significant effect was observed at lag 4 (RR 1.075; 95% CI: 1.010–1.144) for single and lags 0–7 (RR 1.067; 95% CI: 1.002–1.136). RRs were significantly higher in < 65-year-olds than in ≥65-year-olds. Additionally, RRs between the BMI < 25 and BMI ≥ 25 groups were not different; statistically significant effects were observed for concentration at lags 0–5 (RR: 1.073; 95% CI: 1.002–1.150) and lags 0–6 (RR: 1.071; 95% CI: 1.001–1.146) in the BMI < 25 group. A negative exposure-response association was observed between daily average visibility-adjusted PM and STEMI and daily average visibility-adjusted PM in < 65-year-olds. Conclusions Reducing PM2.5 and PM10 emissions, particularly during the days of Asian dust, may be crucial and reduce STEMI and AMI incidence among < 65-year-olds. These results indicate that the Asian dust alarm system needs revision to protect vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, South Korea University, Anam-ro, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Jebong-ro, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Rha
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Gurodong-ro, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Chong-Jin Kim
- Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, Gangdong-gu, 05278, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Jung-gu, 41940, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, 41940, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, 06351, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Hu J, Tang M, Zhang X, Ma Y, Li Y, Chen R, Kan H, Cui Z, Ge J. Size-fractionated particulate air pollution and myocardial infarction emergency hospitalization in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140100. [PMID: 32783832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution has been associated with increased risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but it remains unknown about the potentially differentiated effects of size-fractionated particulate matter on AMI risk. OBJECTIVE To identify the specific size ranges that dominate the effects of particulate matter on AMI onset. METHODS We conducted a time-series study in Shanghai, China from January 2014 to December 2018. We evaluated particle size distribution of 0.01 μm to 2.5 μm from an environmental supersite and AMI emergency hospitalizations from the largest cardiovascular hospital in Shanghai. We used over-dispersed generalized additive models to estimate the associations of size-fractionated particle number concentrations (PNC) with AMI and its types. RESULTS We identified a total of 4720 AMI emergency hospitalizations. PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased AMI risk on the concurrent day. The associations were significant only for PNC < 0.3 μm. For an IQR increase of PNCs for size ranges 0.01-0.03 μm, 0.03-0.05 μm, 0.05-0.10 μm and 0.10-0.30 μm, AMI hospitalizations increased by 6.68% (95% CI: 2.77%, 10.74%), 6.53% (95% CI: 2.08%, 11.17%), 5.78% (95% CI: 0.92%, 10.88%) and 5.92% (95% CI: 1.31%, 10.74%), respectively. The associations of PNC < 0.05 μm remained significant when adjusting for other air pollutants. There were consistently much stronger associations of particles with ST-segment elevation AMI than those with non-ST-segment elevation AMI. CONCLUSIONS This epidemiological investigation suggested that ultrafine particles, especially those <0.05 μm, may be mainly responsible for the acute AMI risk induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minna Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanji Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhang S, Routledge MN. The contribution of PM 2.5 to cardiovascular disease in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37502-37513. [PMID: 32691311 PMCID: PMC7496016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
China is experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization with correspondingly high levels of air pollution. Although the harm of PM2.5 has been long reported, it is only quite recently that there is increasing concern in China for its possible adverse health effects on cardiovascular disease. We reviewed the epidemiologic evidence of potential health effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular disease reported from recent studies in China (2013 onwards). There is clear evidence for the contribution of PM2.5 to cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, ischemic heart disease, and stroke from studies based in various regions in China. This evidence adds to the global evidence that PM2.5 contributes to adverse cardiovascular health risk and highlights the need for improved air quality in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Michael N. Routledge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kolpakova AF, Sharipov RN, Volkova OA, Kolpakov FA. Role of air pollution by particulate matter in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Prevention measures. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The review highlights contemporary concepts about the role of atmospheric air pollution by particulate matter (PM) in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We used publications from the PubMed and Russian Science Citation Index databases. The influence of PM on the development and progression of CVD is considered depending on size, origin, chemical composition, concentration in air. PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2,5 μm (PM2,5) are recognized as the most dangerous. Epidemiological studies have established a dose-dependent effect PM. Oxidative stress, damage of genome of cell and epigenetic changes associated with PM effect are the important component of CVD pathogenesis. Systematization of scientific data through a formalized description helps to understand the pathogenesis of CVD and facilitates its practical use for assessing the risk of occurrence, early diagnosing, prognostication, increasing the effectiveness of treatment, and developing preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Kolpakova
- Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - O. A. Volkova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - F. A. Kolpakov
- Institute of Computational Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
LLC BIOSOFT.RU
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18
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Cong L, Zhang H, Zhai J, Yan G, Wu Y, Wang Y, Ma W, Zhang Z, Chen P. The blocking effect of atmospheric particles by forest and wetland at different air quality grades in Beijing China. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2266-2276. [PMID: 30570370 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1561759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of forests and wetlands on air quality, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentration and meteorological data were collected in the forest and wetland in the Beijing Olympic Forest Park in China from May 2106 to May 2017. The blocking rates of forest and wetland to PMs were calculated under different air quality grades which were divided into six levels base on a technical regulation. And we have got three main conclusions. (1) The diurnal variations of PMs were different in the forest and wetland. It showed a first decrease and then an increase in the forest; the lowest value (PM10 = 40.00 µg/m3, PM2.5 = 5.37 µg/m3) was at approximately 12:00. In the wetlands, the lowest values were recorded at 16:00 (PM10 = 39.63 µg/m3 and PM2.5 = 15.89 µg/m3). (2) Another result showed that the blocking in the forest were significantly higher than that at the wetlands (P < .05), and the blocking effects were much better under lower air quality grades. The blocking rate of PM10 and PM2.5 was the highest when the air quality is excellent in the forest. When it comes to wetland, the highest blocking rate of PM10 appears at good air quality, and the highest of PM2.5 was at serious polluted. (3) In addition, there was negative correlation between PM concentrations and temperature, whereas the correlation between PM concentrations and relative humidity is positive. However, the correlation between blocking and meteorological parameters is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cong
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexiu Zhai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Yan
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Ma
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Chen
- Beijing Florascape Company Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Tapia V, Steenland K, Sarnat SE, Vu B, Liu Y, Sánchez-Ccoyllo O, Vasquez V, Gonzales GF. Time-series analysis of ambient PM 2.5 and cardiorespiratory emergency room visits in Lima, Peru during 2010-2016. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:680-688. [PMID: 31745179 PMCID: PMC7234897 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been no time-series studies of air pollution in Peru. Here we evaluate the effect of ambient PM2.5 on emergency room (ER) visits in Lima. METHODS We estimated daily PM2.5 levels at a 1 km2 resolution during 2010-2016 using ground measurements, satellite data, and chemical transport model simulations. Population-weighted average daily PM2.5 levels were calculated for each district in Lima (n = 40), and assigned to patients based on residence. ER visits for respiratory and circulatory diseases were gathered from nine large public hospitals. Poisson regression was used to estimate the rate ratio for daily ER visits with change in daily PM2.5, controlling for meteorology, time trends, and district. RESULTS For each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, respiratory disease ER visits increased 4% (95% CI: 0-5%), stroke visits 10% (3-18%), and ischemic heart disease visits (adults, 18-64 years) 11% (-1, 24%). Districts with higher poverty showed significantly stronger associations of PM2.5 and respiratory disease ER visits than districts with lower poverty. Effects were diminished 24-42% using Lima-wide instead of district-specific PM2.5 levels. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with increases in ER visits in Lima for respiratory diseases and stroke, and among middle-aged adults, ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tapia
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - K Steenland
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - S E Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Vu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Sánchez-Ccoyllo
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Professional Career of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur (UNTELS), Lima, Peru
| | - V Vasquez
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - G F Gonzales
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, and Laboratory of Investigation and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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20
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Gestro M, Condemi V, Bardi L, Tomaino L, Roveda E, Bruschetta A, Solimene U, Esposito F. Short-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for acute coronary syndromes in an urban area with low annual pollution rates: Results from a retrospective observational study (2011-2015). Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:308-320. [PMID: 32359859 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest that air pollutants are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have questioned the adequacy of current legal pollutant limits, because concentrations lower than those recommended still affect cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. AIM To investigate the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and the daily diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the emergency department (ED) of S. Croce Hospital (Cuneo, Italy), between 2011 and 2015. METHODS We evaluated the effect of particulate matter (PM2.5-10), nitrogen dioxide and ozone as primary exposure, together with temperature and relative humidity as climatological control variables, on ED admissions for ACS (response variables). We studied residents aged ≥35 years, classified into three age groups (35-64, 65-74 and ≥75 years). Environmental data were analysed according to Poisson's regression, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs; hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, smoking and dyslipidaemia) were included as control variables. RESULTS ED admissions for ACS were 1625/391,689, with 298 in 2011 (0.183%), 305 in 2012 (0.188%), 347 in 2013 (0.214%), 341 in 2014 (0.21%) and 334 in 2015 (0.206%), with a general growth rate of 2.08% (from 2011 to 2015). The CRFs examined were confirmed to be highly associated with occurrence of ACS. Our study identified PM2.5 and temperature in all age groups to be additional risk factors, with PM2.5 exposure (P<0.01) being a particular risk for those aged ≥75 years. Dose-response models confirmed only PM2.5 as the main environmental risk factor in elderly patients (relative risk 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.11; lag time 0-3 days). We also found a consistent relative risk for temperature in all age groups. CONCLUSION This study confirms the importance of PM2.5 as a risk factor for ACS, mostly in elderly patients, even in a city with low annual pollution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gestro
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Condemi
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luisella Bardi
- Cuneo Department, Environmental Protection Agency of Piedmont, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Tomaino
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Solimene
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Colombo 71, 20133 Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
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21
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Farhadi Z, Abulghasem Gorgi H, Shabaninejad H, Aghajani Delavar M, Torani S. Association between PM 2.5 and risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:314. [PMID: 32164596 PMCID: PMC7068986 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is generally assumed that there have been mixed results in the literature regarding the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the rate of short-term exposure PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and examine its potential effect(s) on the risk of MI. Methods A systematic search was conducted on databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase with components: “air pollution” and “myocardial infarction”. The summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were also calculated to assess the association between the PM2.5 and MI. Results Twenty-six published studies were ultimately identified as eligible candidates for the meta-analysis of MI until Jun 1, 2018. The results illustrated that a 10-μg/m 3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with the risk of MI (RR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.03; P ≤ 0.0001). The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed through a random-effects model with p < 0.0001 and the I2 was 69.52%, indicating a moderate degree of heterogeneity. We also conducted subgroup analyses including study quality, study design, and study period. Accordingly, it was found that subgroups time series study design and high study period could substantially decrease heterogeneity (I2 = 41.61, 41.78). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that exposure – response between PM2.5 and MI. It is vital decision makers implement effective strategies to help improve air pollution, especially in developing countries or prevent exposure to PM2.5 to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Farhadi
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Abulghasem Gorgi
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hosein Shabaninejad
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mouloud Aghajani Delavar
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sogand Torani
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiao A, Xiang Q, Ding Z, Cao J, Ho HC, Chen D, Cheng J, Yang Z, Zhang F, Yu Y, Zhang Y. Short-term impacts of ambient fine particulate matter on emergency department visits: Comparative analysis of three exposure metrics. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125012. [PMID: 31606575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research argued that daily excessive concentration hours (DECH) could be more informative through accounting for within-day variations, when assessing population-level exposure to ambient fine particle (PM2.5). However, few studies have comparatively investigated PM2.5-associated risks using DECH and two common metrics of daily mean and hourly peak concentration. METHODS We collected daily records of all-cause emergency department visits (EDVs) and hourly data on air pollutants and meteorological factors from Shenzhen, China, 2015-2018. According to guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization, DECH was calculated by summing up daily concentrations exceeding 25 μg/m3. Based on time-stratified case-crossover design, we adopted conditional logistic regression models to assess short-term attributable risks of EDVs associated with PM2.5 using three exposure metrics. RESULTS DECH and daily average of PM2.5 strongly elevated risks of EDVs, while less evident associations were observed using hourly peak metric. Estimated excess relative risks at lag 0 day were 0.56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21 to 0.91), 0.69% (95% CI: 0.25 to 1.13) and 0.37% (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.76), respectively, associated with an interquartile range increase in DECH (420.2 μg/m3), 24-h average (24.9 μg/m3) and hourly peak concentration (38 μg/m3). More emergency visits could be attributed to DECH than daily mean PM2.5, with attributable fractions of 2.02% (95% CI: 1.42 to 2.61) and 1.09% (95% CI: 0.69 to 1.49), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study added evidence for increased risk of EDVs associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5. DECH was a potential alternative exposure metric for PM2.5 assessment, which may have implications for future revision of air quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Jiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zan Ding
- The Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518102, China
| | - Jiguo Cao
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dieyi Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Wang M, Hopke PK, Masiol M, Thurston SW, Cameron S, Ling F, van Wijngaarden E, Croft D, Squizzato S, Thevenet-Morrison K, Chalupa D, Rich DQ. Changes in triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction by particulate air pollution in Monroe County, New York over time: a case-crossover study. Environ Health 2019; 18:82. [PMID: 31492149 PMCID: PMC6728968 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations triggered ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI). In Rochester, NY, multiple air quality policies and economic changes/influences from 2008 to 2013 led to decreased concentrations of PM2.5 and its major constituents (SO42-, NO3-, elemental and primary organic carbon). This study examined whether the rate of STEMI associated with increased ambient gaseous and PM component concentrations was different AFTER these air quality policies and economic changes (2014-2016), compared to DURING (2008-2013) and BEFORE these polices and changes (2005-2007). METHODS Using 921 STEMIs treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center (2005-2016) and a case-crossover design, we examined whether the rate of STEMI associated with increased PM2.5, ultrafine particles (UFP, < 100 nm), accumulation mode particles (AMP, 100-500 nm), black carbon, SO2, CO, and O3 concentrations in the previous 1-72 h was modified by the time period related to these pollutant source changes (BEFORE, DURING, AFTER). RESULTS Each interquartile range (3702 particles/cm3) increase in UFP concentration in the previous 1 h was associated with a 12% (95% CI = 3%, 22%) increase in the rate of STEMI. The effect size was larger in the AFTER period (26%) than the DURING (5%) or BEFORE periods (9%). There were similar patterns for black carbon and SO2. CONCLUSIONS An increased rate of STEMI associated with UFP and other pollutant concentrations was higher in the AFTER period compared to the BEFORE and DURING periods. This may be due to changes in PM composition (e.g. higher secondary organic carbon and particle bound reactive oxygen species) following these air quality policies and economic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY USA
| | - Mauro Masiol
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY USA
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Scott Cameron
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Frederick Ling
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Daniel Croft
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Stefania Squizzato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - David Q. Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Construction of an Improved Air Quality Index: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1523-1527. [PMID: 32292737 PMCID: PMC7145911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a case to provide an improved air quality index (AQI) based upon association between individual health risk and Particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. A Poisson sampling distribution model was used to quantify the health risk, in which the coefficient of exposure-response was derived from a simple Meta-analysis. The result shows that the old people are the most vulnerable population while exposing to PM2.5, for which they are advised to reduce intensity of their physical activities. It is expected that this study is insightful to create a nexus between air quality information and public communication, which help publics take appropriate actions on health protection.
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Wu Y, Li M, Tian Y, Cao Y, Song J, Huang Z, Wang X, Hu Y. Short-term effects of ambient fine particulate air pollution on inpatient visits for myocardial infarction in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14178-14183. [PMID: 30859442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the incidence of myocardial infarction have been reported, but little is known about this association in China. We conducted a time-series study of ambient PM2.5 concentrations and inpatient visits for myocardial infarction in Beijing. A generalized additive model with a Poisson link was applied to estimate the percentage change in inpatient visits for myocardial infarction following a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations. A total of 15,432 inpatient visits for myocardial infarction were identified between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2012. A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 0.46% (P ≤ 0.001) increase in daily inpatient visits for myocardial infarction. Males were more sensitive to the adverse effects, and the association was more significant during the warm season (May through October). Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of inpatient visits for myocardial infarction in Beijing. The findings may be useful in developing more accurate targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Man Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Song
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Li J, Liu C, Cheng Y, Guo S, Sun Q, Kan L, Chen R, Kan H, Bai H, Cao J. Association between ambient particulate matter air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A case-crossover study in a Chinese city. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:724-729. [PMID: 30557729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant epidemiological studies have revealed that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution increased the incidence of ischemic heart diseases. However, few investigations have explored the association between air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), one major subtype of such events. METHODS We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study in two major hospitals of Yancheng, a city in East China, from January 2015 to February 2018. We used conditional logistic regression models to explore the association between hourly concentrations of air pollutants and STEMI hospitalizations. We explored potential effect modification in susceptible subgroups by age, gender, smoking status, and comorbidities. Two-pollutant models were fitted to test the robustness of the association. RESULTS We identified a total of 347 STEMI patients. In single-pollutant models, each 10 μg/m3 increase in concentrations of fine and inhalable particulate matter (PM) (lag 13-24 h) was associated with increments of 5.27% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09%, 9.46%] and 3.86% (95%CI: 0.83%, 6.88%) in STEMI hospitalizations, respectively. We observed slightly larger associations of STEMI hospitalization with PM in patients who were older than 65, female, non-smoker, and with comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes or hyperlipidemia). The associations were generally robust to adjustment of criteria gaseous pollutants except for carbon monoxide. CONCLUSION This is the first study in China that suggested acute exposure to elevated PM concentrations may trigger STEMI. Patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities were slightly more susceptible to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuexin Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University. the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China
| | - Shumei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University. the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China
| | - Lena Kan
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Ave Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongjian Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University. the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China.
| | - Jingyan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and the First Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224006, China.
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Khan R, Konishi S, Ng CFS, Umezaki M, Kabir AF, Tasmin S, Watanabe C. Association between short-term exposure to fine particulate matter and daily emergency room visits at a cardiovascular hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1030-1036. [PMID: 30235588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) adversely affects cardiovascular health. However, the effect modifications by individual characteristics and season have been less studied in developing countries where PM2.5 levels are high. OBJECTIVES To estimate the risks of cardiovascular emergency room visits in relation to daily concentrations of PM2.5 and to assess how these associations can be modified by age, sex, and nutritional status of patients and by season. METHODS The analytic sample was 6774 adults who visited the emergency room at a cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospital in Dhaka throughout one year (n = 364 days). A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of visits while adjusting for temperature. Stratification was performed by gender, age (<65 and ≥65 years), BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight), and season (dry summer: February to April; wet summer: May to October; dry winter: November to January). RESULTS The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 86.1 μg/m3. An IQR increase (103 μg/m3) in PM2.5 at lag 3 was significantly associated with a 12% (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.23) increase in CVD emergency room visits. No evidence of association was found for the other lags. Underweight and overweight patients showed evidence of increased risk at lag 2 (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) and lag 4 (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.39), respectively. CONCLUSION Increases in the daily concentrations of PM2.5 may lead to more cardiovascular emergency room visits in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Response times from ambient exposure to CVD emergency visits may differ by season and the nutritional status of susceptible individuals, necessitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Khan
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Ayesha Ferdosi Kabir
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Saira Tasmin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Chiho Watanabe
- National Institute of Environmental Sciences, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
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Fujitani Y, Otani S, Majbauddin A, Amano H, Masumoto T, Kurozawa Y. Impact of Maximum Air Temperature on Ambulance Transports Owing to Heat Stroke During Spring and Summer in Tottori Prefecture, Japan: A Time-stratified Case-crossover Analysis. Yonago Acta Med 2019. [DOI: 10.33160/yam.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujitani
- *Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Shinji Otani
- †International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Abir Majbauddin
- †International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori 680-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroki Amano
- *Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Toshio Masumoto
- *Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Youichi Kurozawa
- *Division of Health Administration and Promotion, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Masiol M, Zíková N, Chalupa DC, Rich DQ, Ferro AR, Hopke PK. Hourly land-use regression models based on low-cost PM monitor data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:7-14. [PMID: 30005199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Land-use regression (LUR) models provide location and time specific estimates of exposure to air pollution and thereby improve the sensitivity of health effects models. However, they require pollutant concentrations at multiple locations along with land-use variables. Often, monitoring is performed over short durations using mobile monitoring with research-grade instruments. Low-cost PM monitors provide an alternative approach that increases the spatial and temporal resolution of the air quality data. LUR models were developed to predict hourly PM concentrations across a metropolitan area using PM concentrations measured simultaneously at multiple locations with low-cost monitors. Monitors were placed at 23 sites during the 2015/16 heating season. Monitors were externally calibrated using co-located measurements including a reference instrument (GRIMM particle spectrometer). LUR models for each hour of the day and weekdays/weekend days were developed using the deletion/substitution/addition algorithm. Coefficients of determination for hourly PM predictions ranged from 0.66 and 0.76 (average 0.7). The hourly-resolved LUR model results will be used in epidemiological studies to examine if and how quickly, increases in ambient PM concentrations trigger adverse health events by reducing the exposure misclassification that arises from using less time resolved exposure estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Masiol
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Naděžda Zíková
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David C Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrea R Ferro
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
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30
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Zhang W, Lin S, Hopke PK, Thurston SW, van Wijngaarden E, Croft D, Squizzato S, Masiol M, Rich DQ. Triggering of cardiovascular hospital admissions by fine particle concentrations in New York state: Before, during, and after implementation of multiple environmental policies and a recession. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1404-1416. [PMID: 30142556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported triggering of acute cardiovascular events by short-term increasedPM2.5 concentrations. From 2007 to 2013, national and New York state air quality policies and economic influences resulted in reduced concentrations of PM2.5 and other pollutants across the state. We estimated the rate of cardiovascular hospital admissions associated with increased PM2.5 concentrations in the previous 1-7 days, and evaluated whether they differed before (2005-2007), during (2008-2013), and after these concentration changes (2014-2016). METHODS Using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database, we retained all hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of nine cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes, for residents living within 15 miles of PM2.5 monitoring sites in Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, Queens, Bronx, and Manhattan from 2005 to 2016 (N = 1,922,918). We used a case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to estimate the admission rate for total CVD, and nine specific subtypes, associated with increased PM2.5 concentrations. RESULTS Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM2.5 on the same and previous 6 days were associated with 0.6%-1.2% increases in CVD admission rate (2005-2016). There were similar patterns for cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and myocardial infarction (MI). Ambient PM2.5 concentrations and annual total CVD admission rates decreased across the period. However, the excess rate of IHD admissions associated with each IQR increase in PM2.5 in previous 2 days was larger in the after period (2.8%; 95%CI = 1.5%-4.0%) than in the during (0.6%; 95%CI = 0.0%-1.2%) or before periods (0.8%; 95%CI = 0.2%-1.3%), with similar patterns for total CVD and MI, but not other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS While pollutant concentrations and CVD admission rates decreased after emission changes, the same PM2.5 mass was associated with a higher rate of ischemic heart disease events. Future work should confirm these findings in another population, and investigate whether specific PM components and/or sources trigger IHD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Croft
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stefania Squizzato
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mauro Masiol
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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31
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Yu Y, Yao S, Dong H, Ji M, Chen Z, Li G, Yao X, Wang SL, Zhang Z. Short-term effects of ambient air pollutants and myocardial infarction in Changzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22285-22293. [PMID: 29808399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution had been shown strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the association between air pollution and myocardial infarction (MI) is inconsistent. In the present study, we conducted a time-series study to investigate the association between air pollution and MI. Daily air pollutants, weather data, and MI data were collected from January 2015 to December 2016 in Changzhou, China. Generalized linear model (GLM) was used to assess the immediate effects of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3) on MI. We identified a total of 5545 cases for MI, and a 10-μg/m3 increment in concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with respective increases of 1.636% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.537-2.740%) and 0.805% (95% CI 0.037-1.574%) for daily MI with 2-day cumulative effects. The associations were more robust among males and in the warm season versus the cold one. No significant effect was found in SO2, NO2, or O3. This study suggested that short-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with the increased MI risks. Our results might be useful for the primary prevention of MI exacerbated by air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Yao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Dong
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Ji
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiying Li
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjuan Yao
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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Akbarzadeh MA, Khaheshi I, Sharifi A, Yousefi N, Naderian M, Namazi MH, Safi M, Vakili H, Saadat H, Alipour Parsa S, Nickdoost N. The association between exposure to air pollutants including PM 10, PM 2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide concentration and the relative risk of developing STEMI: A case-crossover design. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:299-303. [PMID: 29178978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unfavorable associations between air pollution and myocardial infarction are broadly investigated in recent studies and some of them revealed considerable associations; however, controversies exists between these investigations with regard to culprit components of air pollution and significance of correlation between myocardial infarction risk and air pollution. METHODS The association between exposure to PM10, PM2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide concentration of background air that residents of Tehran, the capital city of Iran, which is ranked as the most air polluted city of Iran and the relative risk of developing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were investigated by a case-crossover design. Our study included 208 patients admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI and undergone primary percutaneous intervention. Air pollutant concentration was averaged in 24-h windows preceding the time of onset of myocardial infarction for the case period. Besides, the mean level of each element of air pollution of the corresponding time in one week, two weeks and three weeks before onset of myocardial infarction, was averaged separately for each day as one control periods. Thus, 624 control periods were included in our investigation such that. Each patient is matched and compared with him/herself. RESULTS The mean level of PM10 in case periods (61.47µg/m3) was significantly higher than its level in control periods (57.86µg/m3) (P-value = 0.019, 95% CI: 1.002-1.018, RR = 1.010). Also, the mean level of PM2.5 in case periods (95.40µg/m3) was significantly higher than that in control days (90.88µg/m3) (P-value = 0.044, 95% CI: 1.001-1.011, RR = 1.006). The level of other components including NO2, SO2, CO and O3 showed no significant differences between case and control periods. A 10µg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5 would result in 10.10% and 10.06% increase in STEMI event, respectively. Furthermore, the results of sub-group analysis showed that older patients (equal or more than 60 year-old), diabetic patients, non-hypertensive ones and patients with more than one diseased vessel may be more vulnerable to the harmful effect of particular matters including PM10 and PM2.5 on development of STEMI. CONCLUSION Air pollution is a worldwide pandemic with great potential to cause terrible events especially cardiovascular ones. PM2.5 and PM10 are amongst ambient air pollutant with a high risk of developing STEMI. Thus, more restrictive legislations should be applied to define a safe level of indoor and outdoor air pollutant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Isa Khaheshi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran.
| | - Amirsina Sharifi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Yousefi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Naderian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiac Outcome Research and Education (CORE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Namazi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Morteza Safi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Hossein Vakili
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Habibollah Saadat
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Saeed Alipour Parsa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
| | - Negin Nickdoost
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Modarres Hospital, Kaj square, Sa'adat Abad Ave, Tehran 1998734383, Iran
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Rich DQ, Utell MJ, Croft DP, Thurston SW, Thevenet-Morrison K, Evans KA, Ling FS, Tian Y, Hopke PK. Daily land use regression estimated woodsmoke and traffic pollution concentrations and the triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-crossover study. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2017; 11:239-244. [PMID: 29568338 PMCID: PMC5847146 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-017-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior work has reported acute associations between ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and short-term increases in airborne particulate matter. Subsequently, the association between STEMI and hourly measures of Delta-C (marker of woodsmoke) and black carbon (marker of traffic pollution) measured at a central site in Rochester, NY, were examined, but no association was found. Therefore, land use regression estimates of Delta-C and black carbon concentrations at each patient's residence were developed for 246 STEMI patients treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center during the winters of 2008-2012. Using case-crossover methods, the rate of STEMI associated with increased Delta-C and BC concentration on the same and previous 3 days was estimated after adjusting for 3-day mean temperature and relative humidity. Non-statistically significant increased rates of STEMI associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC in the previous 2 days (1.10 μg/m3; OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.93, 1.35) and Delta-C in the previous 3 days (0.43 μg/m3; OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.96, 1.40) were found. Significantly increased rates of STEMI associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC (1.23 μg/m3; OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.87, 1.24) or Delta-C (0.40 μg/m3; OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.09) on the same day were not observed likely due, in part, to temporal misalignment. Therefore, sophisticated spatial-temporal models will be needed to minimize exposure error and bias by better predicting concentrations at individual locations for individual hours, especially for outcomes with short-term responses to air pollution (< 24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q. Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Daniel P. Croft
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kristin A. Evans
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Frederick S. Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Paul N. Yu Heart Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Yilin Tian
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
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Zhou W, Yuan X, Zhang L, Su B, Tian D, Li Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Peng S. Overexpression of HO-1 assisted PM2.5-induced apoptosis failure and autophagy-related cell necrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:605-614. [PMID: 28802142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe smog/haze events accompanied by extremely high concentrations of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have emerged frequently in China and the potential health risks have attracted ever-growing attention. During these episodes, a surge in hospital visits for acute respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases exacerbation has been reported to be associated with acute exposure to high-levels of particulate matters. To investigate cell fate determination and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms during severe haze episodes or smog events, we exposed human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to PM2.5 (0-400μg/mL) for 24h and found that high doses of PM2.5 caused cell necrosis and autophagy dysfunction, while co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could partially reduce PM2.5-induced cell necrosis. Exposure to PM2.5 also increased the expression and mitochondrial transposition of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which consequently reduced the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytosol. Knockdown of HO-1 by siRNA attenuated the mitochondrial accumulation of HO-1, reversed HO-1-induced the reduction of cytochrome C release and promoted PM2.5-induced cell apoptosis. In contrast to necrosis, PM2.5-induced autophagy was independent of HO-1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that acute exposure to high PM2.5 concentrations causes autophagy-related cell necrosis. The decrease in cytochrome C release and apoptosis by upregulation of HO-1 maybe assist PM2.5-induced autophagy-related cell necrosis. Further, this study reveals dual roles for HO-1 in PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and presents a possible explanation for the onset of acute respiratory symptoms under extreme particulate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Baoting Su
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China.
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China.
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Zuin M, Rigatelli G, dell'Avvocata F, Picariello C, Conte L, Marcantoni L, Cardaioli P, Zuliani G, Roncon L. Air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty: A direct correlation. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:49-53. [PMID: 28236545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationships between air pollutant concentration levels and admission for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have never been assessed. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 4 consecutive years of medical and instrumental data (1st January 2012 to 1st March 2016) to identify patients admitted with STEMI and subsequently treated with primary PCI in our third referral center. Daily atmospheric pressure data (in hectopascal [hPa]) and air pollutant concentration levels were obtained from the regional meteorological service which had a monitoring site in our city (Rovigo, Italy). Pollutants investigated were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤10μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Safety air concentration levels for the air pollutants were also considered. RESULTS PCI in STEMI patients was more frequent when AP was higher than 1013.15hPa (61.8% vs 38.2%, p<0.001). The incidences of STEMI patients when NO2, PM10 and O3 levels overcame the safe threshold were 83.1%, 52% and 8.5%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the daily number of STEMI subsequently treated with primary PCI and the air pollutant levels of the same day for NO2 (r=0.205, p=0.001), PM10 (r=0.349, p<0.0001) and O3 (r=0.191, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS A direct and significant correlation exists between the number of daily STEMI patients and the NO2, PM10 and O3 air concentration levels of the same day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy; Section of Internal and Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rigatelli
- Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Fabio dell'Avvocata
- Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | | | - Luca Conte
- Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Lina Marcantoni
- Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Paolo Cardaioli
- Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Section of Internal and Cardiopulmonary Medicine, Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Loris Roncon
- Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
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Li X, Geng J, Chen Y, Chen F, Liu C, Xu Q, Zhao J, Hu J, Xie J, Xu B. Exposure to particulate matter induces cardiomyocytes apoptosis after myocardial infarction through NFκB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:224-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Xia R, Zhou G, Zhu T, Li X, Wang G. Ambient Air Pollution and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E423. [PMID: 28420118 PMCID: PMC5409624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollutants are associated with cardiovascular death; however, there is limited evidence of the effects of different pollutants on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in Beijing, China. We aimed to investigate the associations of OHCAs with the air pollutants PM2.5-10 (coarse particulate matter), PM2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O₃) between 2013 and 2015 using a time-stratified case-crossover study design. We obtained health data from the nationwide emergency medical service database; 4720 OHCA cases of cardiac origin were identified. After adjusting for relative humidity and temperature, the highest odds ratios of OHCA for a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 were observed at Lag Day 1 (1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.10), with strong associations with advanced age (aged ≥70 years) (1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13) and stroke history (1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.16). PM2.5-10 and NO₂ also showed significant associations with OHCAs, whereas SO₂, CO, and O₃ had no effects. After simultaneously adjusting for NO₂ and SO₂ in a multi-pollutant model, PM2.5 remained significant. The effects of PM2.5 in the single-pollutant models for cases with hypertension, respiratory disorders, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease were higher than those for cases without these complications; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The results support that elevated PM2.5 exposure contributes to triggering OHCA, especially in those who are advanced in age and have a history of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Rd., Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Guopeng Zhou
- Department of Hospital Information, First Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Rd., Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Centre for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Hospital Information, First Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Rd., Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, Peking University, 8 Xishiku Rd., Beijing 100034, China.
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38
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Argacha JF, Collart P, Wauters A, Kayaert P, Lochy S, Schoors D, Sonck J, de Vos T, Forton M, Brasseur O, Beauloye C, Gevaert S, Evrard P, Coppieters Y, Sinnaeve P, Claeys MJ. Air pollution and ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A case-crossover study of the Belgian STEMI registry 2009-2013. Int J Cardiol 2016; 223:300-305. [PMID: 27541680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.07.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that air pollution particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction. The effects of air pollution on the risk of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), in particular the role of gaseous air pollutants such as NO2 and O3 and the susceptibility of specific populations, are still under debate. METHODS All patients entered in the Belgian prospective STEMI registry between 2009 and 2013 were included. Based on a validated spatial interpolation model from the Belgian Environment Agency, a national index was used to address the background level of air pollution exposure of Belgian population. A time-stratified and temperature-matched case-crossover analysis of the risk of STEMI was performed. RESULTS A total of 11,428 STEMI patients were included in the study. Each 10μg/m3 increase in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with an increased odds ratio (ORs) of STEMI of 1.026 (CI 95%: 1.005-1.048), 1.028 (CI 95%: 1.003-1.054) and 1.051 (CI 95%: 1.018-1.084), respectively. No effect of O3 was found. STEMI was associated with PM10 exposure in patients ≥75y.o. (OR: 1.046, CI 95%: 1.002-1.092) and with NO2 in patients ≤54y.o. (OR: 1.071, CI 95%: 1.010-1.136). No effect of air pollution on cardiac arrest or in-hospital STEMI mortality was found. CONCLUSION PM2.5 and NO2 exposures incrementally increase the risk of STEMI. The risk related to PM appears to be greater in the elderly, while younger patients appear to be more susceptible to NO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Argacha
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium.
| | - P Collart
- Research Center in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - A Wauters
- Cardiology Department, Erasme Hospital, ULB, Belgium
| | - P Kayaert
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - S Lochy
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - D Schoors
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - J Sonck
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - T de Vos
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Brussels Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Forton
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Brussels Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O Brasseur
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Brussels Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Beauloye
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc Hospital and Pole de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Gevaert
- Cardiology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - P Evrard
- Cardiology Department, Mont Godine Hospital, UCL, Belgium
| | - Y Coppieters
- Research Center in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium
| | - P Sinnaeve
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, KUL, Belgium
| | - M J Claeys
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, UA, Belgium
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39
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Potential Harmful Effects of PM2.5 on Occurrence and Progression of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Prevention Measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080748. [PMID: 27463723 PMCID: PMC4997434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The harmful effects of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and its association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has gained increased attention in recent years. Significant associations between PM2.5 and ACS have been found in most studies, although sometimes only observed in specific subgroups. PM2.5-induced detrimental effects and ACS arise through multiple mechanisms, including endothelial injury, an enhanced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, and mitochondria damage as well as genotoxic effects. These effects can lead to a series of physiopathological changes including coronary artery atherosclerosis, hypertension, an imbalance between energy supply and demand to heart tissue, and a systemic hypercoagulable state. Effective strategies to prevent the harmful effects of PM2.5 include reducing pollution sources of PM2.5 and population exposure to PM2.5, and governments and organizations publicizing the harmful effects of PM2.5 and establishing air quality standards for PM2.5. PM2.5 exposure is a significant risk factor for ACS, and effective strategies with which to prevent both susceptible and healthy populations from an increased risk for ACS have important clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of ACS.
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