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Park Y, Park S, Lee M. Effectiveness of artificial intelligence in detecting and managing depressive disorders: Systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:445-456. [PMID: 38889858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study underscores the importance of exploring AI's creative applications in treating depressive disorders to revolutionize mental health care. Through innovative integration of AI technologies, the research confirms their positive effects on preventing, diagnosing, and treating depression. The systematic review establishes an evidence base for AI in depression management, offering directions for effective interventions. METHODS This systematic literature review investigates the effectiveness of AI in depression management by analyzing studies from January 1, 2017, to May 31, 2022. Utilizing search engines like IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Web of Science, the review focused on keywords such as Depression/Mental Health, Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence, and Prediction/Diagnosis. The analysis of 95 documents involved classification based on use, data type, and algorithm type. RESULTS The study revealed that AI in depression management excelled in accuracy, particularly in monitoring and prediction. Biomarker-derived data demonstrated the highest accuracy, with the CNN algorithm proving most effective. The findings affirm the therapeutic benefits of AI, including treatment, detection, and disease prediction, highlighting its potential in analyzing monitored data for depression management. LIMITATIONS This study exclusively examined the application of AI in individuals with depressive disorders. Interpretation should be cautious due to the limited scope of subjects to this specific population. CONCLUSIONS To introduce digital healthcare and therapies for ongoing depression management, it's crucial to present empirical evidence on the medical fee payment system, safety, and efficacy. These findings support enhanced medical accessibility through digital healthcare, offering personalized disease management for patients seeking non-face-to-face treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseo Park
- Department of Convergence Healthcare Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Sewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Munjae Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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2
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Comer L, Donelle L, Hiebert B, Smith MJ, Kothari A, Stranges S, Gilliland J, Long J, Burkell J, Shelley JJ, Hall J, Shelley J, Cooke T, Ngole Dione M, Facca D. Short- and Long-Term Predicted and Witnessed Consequences of Digital Surveillance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47154. [PMID: 38788212 PMCID: PMC11129783 DOI: 10.2196/47154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the deployment of digital technologies for public health surveillance globally. The rapid development and use of these technologies have curtailed opportunities to fully consider their potential impacts (eg, for human rights, civil liberties, privacy, and marginalization of vulnerable groups). OBJECTIVE We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature to identify the types and applications of digital technologies used for surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predicted and witnessed consequences of digital surveillance. METHODS Our methodology was informed by the 5-stage methodological framework to guide scoping reviews: identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the findings. We conducted a search of peer-reviewed and gray literature published between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. We focused on the first year of the pandemic to provide a snapshot of the questions, concerns, findings, and discussions emerging from peer-reviewed and gray literature during this pivotal first year of the pandemic. Our review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. RESULTS We reviewed a total of 147 peer-reviewed and 79 gray literature publications. Based on our analysis of these publications, we identified a total of 90 countries and regions where digital technologies were used for public health surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the most frequently used technologies included mobile phone apps, location-tracking technologies, drones, temperature-scanning technologies, and wearable devices. We also found that the literature raised concerns regarding the implications of digital surveillance in relation to data security and privacy, function creep and mission creep, private sector involvement in surveillance, human rights, civil liberties, and impacts on marginalized groups. Finally, we identified recommendations for ethical digital technology design and use, including proportionality, transparency, purpose limitation, protecting privacy and security, and accountability. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of digital technologies was used worldwide to support public health surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of our analysis highlight the importance of considering short- and long-term consequences of digital surveillance not only during the COVID-19 pandemic but also for future public health crises. These findings also demonstrate the ways in which digital surveillance has rendered visible the shifting and blurred boundaries between public health surveillance and other forms of surveillance, particularly given the ubiquitous nature of digital surveillance. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053962.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Bradley Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- The Africa Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jed Long
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jodi Hall
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James Shelley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danica Facca
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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3
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Yilmaz G, Sezer S, Bastug A, Singh V, Gopalan R, Aydos O, Ozturk BY, Gokcinar D, Kamen A, Gramz J, Bodur H, Akbiyik F. Concordance and generalization of an AI algorithm with real-world clinical data in the pre-omicron and omicron era. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25410. [PMID: 38356547 PMCID: PMC10864957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
All viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, continue to evolve, which can lead to new variants. The objective of this study is to assess the agreement between real-world clinical data and an algorithm that utilizes laboratory markers and age to predict the progression of disease severity in COVID-19 patients during the pre-Omicron and Omicron variant periods. The study evaluated the performance of a deep learning (DL) algorithm in predicting disease severity scores for COVID-19 patients using data from the USA, Spain, and Turkey (Ankara City Hospital (ACH) data set). The algorithm was developed and validated using pre-Omicron era data and was tested on both pre-Omicron and Omicron-era data. The predictions were compared to the actual clinical outcomes using a multidisciplinary approach. The concordance index values for all datasets ranged from 0.71 to 0.81. In the ACH cohort, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.78 or higher was observed for severe patients in both the pre-Omicron and Omicron eras, which is consistent with the algorithm's performance in the development cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Sezer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Bastug
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Health Science University of Turkey, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vivek Singh
- Siemens Healthineers, Digital Technology and Innovation, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Raj Gopalan
- Siemens Healthineers, Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Omer Aydos
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Yuce Ozturk
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Gokcinar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Health Science University Turkey, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Kamen
- Siemens Healthineers, Digital Technology and Innovation, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jamie Gramz
- Siemens Healthineers, Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Hurrem Bodur
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Health Science University of Turkey, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbiyik
- Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Laboratory, Medical Director, Siemens Healthineers, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Olawade DB, Wada OJ, David-Olawade AC, Kunonga E, Abaire O, Ling J. Using artificial intelligence to improve public health: a narrative review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1196397. [PMID: 37954052 PMCID: PMC10637620 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1196397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving tool revolutionizing many aspects of healthcare. AI has been predominantly employed in medicine and healthcare administration. However, in public health, the widespread employment of AI only began recently, with the advent of COVID-19. This review examines the advances of AI in public health and the potential challenges that lie ahead. Some of the ways AI has aided public health delivery are via spatial modeling, risk prediction, misinformation control, public health surveillance, disease forecasting, pandemic/epidemic modeling, and health diagnosis. However, the implementation of AI in public health is not universal due to factors including limited infrastructure, lack of technical understanding, data paucity, and ethical/privacy issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Olawade
- Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ojima J. Wada
- Division of Sustainable Development, Qatar Foundation, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Edward Kunonga
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Olawale Abaire
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Independent Researcher, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom
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5
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Jo Y, Lee D, Baek D, Choi BK, Aryal N, Jung J, Shin YS, Hong B. Optimal view detection for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block using deep learning approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17209. [PMID: 37821574 PMCID: PMC10567700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block (SCB) requires the understanding of sonoanatomy and identification of the optimal view. Segmentation using a convolutional neural network (CNN) is limited in clearly determining the optimal view. The present study describes the development of a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system using a CNN that can determine the optimal view for complete SCB in real time. The aim of this study was the development of computer-aided diagnosis system that aid non-expert to determine the optimal view for complete supraclavicular block in real time. Ultrasound videos were retrospectively collected from 881 patients to develop the CADx system (600 to the training and validation set and 281 to the test set). The CADx system included classification and segmentation approaches, with Residual neural network (ResNet) and U-Net, respectively, applied as backbone networks. In the classification approach, an ablation study was performed to determine the optimal architecture and improve the performance of the model. In the segmentation approach, a cascade structure, in which U-Net is connected to ResNet, was implemented. The performance of the two approaches was evaluated based on a confusion matrix. Using the classification approach, ResNet34 and gated recurrent units with augmentation showed the highest performance, with average accuracy 0.901, precision 0.613, recall 0.757, f1-score 0.677 and AUROC 0.936. Using the segmentation approach, U-Net combined with ResNet34 and augmentation showed poorer performance than the classification approach. The CADx system described in this study showed high performance in determining the optimal view for SCB. This system could be expanded to include many anatomical regions and may have potential to aid clinicians in real-time settings.Trial registration The protocol was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of Korea (KCT0005822, https://cris.nih.go.kr ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Jo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Hospital, 282 Munhwar-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongheon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Baek
- Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jinsik Jung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Hospital, 282 Munhwar-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Shin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Hospital, 282 Munhwar-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boohwi Hong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Hospital, 282 Munhwar-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ahmed MI, Spooner B, Isherwood J, Lane M, Orrock E, Dennison A. A Systematic Review of the Barriers to the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Cureus 2023; 15:e46454. [PMID: 37927664 PMCID: PMC10623210 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to improve healthcare outcomes by facilitating early diagnosis, reducing the medical administrative burden, aiding drug development, personalising medical and oncological management, monitoring healthcare parameters on an individual basis, and allowing clinicians to spend more time with their patients. In the post-pandemic world where there is a drive for efficient delivery of healthcare and manage long waiting times for patients to access care, AI has an important role in supporting clinicians and healthcare systems to streamline the care pathways and provide timely and high-quality care for the patients. Despite AI technologies being used in healthcare for some decades, and all the theoretical potential of AI, the uptake in healthcare has been uneven and slower than anticipated and there remain a number of barriers, both overt and covert, which have limited its incorporation. This literature review highlighted barriers in six key areas: ethical, technological, liability and regulatory, workforce, social, and patient safety barriers. Defining and understanding the barriers preventing the acceptance and implementation of AI in the setting of healthcare will enable clinical staff and healthcare leaders to overcome the identified hurdles and incorporate AI technologies for the benefit of patients and clinical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla Imaduddin Ahmed
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR
| | - Brendan Spooner
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, GBR
| | - John Isherwood
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR
| | - Mark Lane
- Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Emma Orrock
- Head of Clinical Senates, East and West Midlands Clinical Senate, Leicester, GBR
| | - Ashley Dennison
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR
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Joni SS, Gerami R, Pashaei F, Ebrahiminik H, Karimi M. Quantitative evaluation of CT scan images to determinate the prognosis of COVID-19 patient using deep learning. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11571. [PMID: 37491956 PMCID: PMC10583151 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the accuracy of AI-assisted quantification in comparison to conventional CT parameters reviewed by a radiologist in predicting the severity, progression, and clinical outcome of disease. The current study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on patients with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and underwent a pulmonary CT scan between August 23th, 2021 to December 21th, 2022. The initial CT scan on admission was used for imaging analysis. The presence of ground glass opacity (GGO), and consolidation were visually evaluated. CT severity score was calculated according to a semi-quantitative method. In addition, AI based quantification of GGO and consolidation volume were also performed. 291 patients (mean age: 64.7 ± 7; 129 males) were included. GGO + consolidation was more frequently revealed in progress-to-severe group whereas pure GGO was more likely to be found in non-severe group. Compared to non-severe group, patients in progress-to-severe group had larger GGO volume percentage (40.6%± 11.9%versus 21.7%± 8.8%, p ˂0.001) as well as consolidation volume percentage (4.8% ± 2% versus 1.9% ± 1%, p < 0.001). Among imaging parameters, consolidation volume percentage and the largest area under curve (AUC) in discriminating non-severe from progress-to-severe group (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001). According to multivariate regression, consolidation volume was the strongest predictor for disease progression. In conclusion, the consolidation volume measured on the initial chest CT was the most accurate predictor of disease progression, and a larger consolidation volume was associated with a poor clinical outcome. In patients with COVID-19, AI-assisted lesion quantification was useful for risk stratification and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Sadeghi Joni
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Reza Gerami
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Fakhereh Pashaei
- Radiation Sciences Research Center (RSRC), Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Hojat Ebrahiminik
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Radiation Sciences Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Mahmood Karimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
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Akbulut S, Garzali IU, Hargura AS, Aloun A, Yilmaz S. Screening, Surveillance, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Narrative Review. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:408-419. [PMID: 35499649 PMCID: PMC9058753 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has been a burden to the global community as a whole but the healthcare community had bore the brunt of it. The pandemic resulted in policy changes that interfered with effective healthcare delivery. The healthcare community attempted to cope with the pandemic by triaging and prioritizing emergency conditions especially COVID related, ahead of elective conditions like cancer care. There was also fear that patients with cancer were at an increased risk of sever COVID-19 with increased mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was also affected by these policies. METHODS We reviewed the modified measures adopted in screening, surveillance, and management of HCC during the pandemic using PubMed, Medline, Index Medicus, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases. RESULT The main modification in surveillance and screening for HCC during the pandemic includes limiting the surveillance to those with very high risk of HCC. The interval between surveillan was also delayed by few months in some cases. The adoption of teleconferencing for multidisciplinary team meetings and patient consultation is one of the highlights of this pandemic all in an effort to reduce contact and spread of the virus. The treatment of early-stage HCC was also modified as needed. The role of ablative therapy in the management of early HCC was very prominent during the pandemic as the surgical therapy was significantly affected by the lacks of ventilators and intensive care unit space resulting from the pandemic. Transplantation, especially living donor liver transplantation, was suspended in few centers because of the risk of infection to the living donors. CONCLUSION As we gradually recover from the pandemic, we should prepare for the fallout from the pandemic as we may encounter increased presentation of those patients deferred from screening during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10 Km, Malatya, 44280 Turkey
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Umar Garzali
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10 Km, Malatya, 44280 Turkey
- Department of Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, 700101 Nigeria
| | - Abdirahman Sakulen Hargura
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10 Km, Malatya, 44280 Turkey
- Kenyatta University Teaching, Referral and Research Hospital, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Ali Aloun
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10 Km, Malatya, 44280 Turkey
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10 Km, Malatya, 44280 Turkey
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Mwine P, Atuhaire I, Ahirirwe SR, Nansikombi HT, Senyange S, Elayeete S, Masanja V, Asio A, Komakech A, Nampeera R, Nsubuga EJ, Nakamya P, Kwiringira A, Migamba SM, Kwesiga B, Kadobera D, Bulage L, Okello PE, Nabatanzi S, Monje F, Kyamwine IB, Ario AR, Harris JR. Readiness of health facilities to manage individuals infected with COVID-19, Uganda, June 2021. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:441. [PMID: 37143093 PMCID: PMC10159667 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed the capacity of health facilities globally, emphasizing the need for readiness to respond to rapid increases in cases. The first wave of COVID-19 in Uganda peaked in late 2020 and demonstrated challenges with facility readiness to manage cases. The second wave began in May 2021. In June 2021, we assessed the readiness of health facilities in Uganda to manage the second wave of COVID-19. METHODS Referral hospitals managed severe COVID-19 patients, while lower-level health facilities screened, isolated, and managed mild cases. We assessed 17 of 20 referral hospitals in Uganda and 71 of 3,107 lower-level health facilities, selected using multistage sampling. We interviewed health facility heads in person about case management, coordination and communication and reporting, and preparation for the surge of COVID-19 during first and the start of the second waves of COVID-19, inspected COVID-19 treatment units (CTUs) and other service delivery points. We used an observational checklist to evaluate capacity in infection prevention, medicines, personal protective equipment (PPE), and CTU surge capacity. We used the "ReadyScore" criteria to classify readiness levels as > 80% ('ready'), 40-80% ('work to do'), and < 40% ('not ready') and tailored the assessments to the health facility level. Scores for the lower-level health facilities were weighted to approximate representativeness for their health facility type in Uganda. RESULTS The median (interquartile range (IQR)) readiness scores were: 39% (IQR: 30, 51%) for all health facilities, 63% (IQR: 56, 75%) for referral hospitals, and 32% (IQR: 24, 37%) for lower-level facilities. Of 17 referral facilities, two (12%) were 'ready' and 15 (88%) were in the "work to do" category. Fourteen (82%) had an inadequate supply of medicines, 12 (71%) lacked adequate supply of oxygen, and 11 (65%) lacked space to expand their CTU. Fifty-five (77%) lower-level health facilities were "not ready," and 16 (23%) were in the "work to do" category. Seventy (99%) lower-level health facilities lacked medicines, 65 (92%) lacked PPE, and 53 (73%) lacked an emergency plan for COVID-19. CONCLUSION Few health facilities were ready to manage the second wave of COVID-19 in Uganda during June 2021. Significant gaps existed for essential medicines, PPE, oxygen, and space to expand CTUs. The Uganda Ministry of Health utilized our findings to set up additional COVID-19 wards in hospitals and deliver medicines and PPE to referral hospitals. Adequate readiness for future waves of COVID-19 requires additional support and action in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Mwine
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Elayeete
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Alice Asio
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Allan Komakech
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rose Nampeera
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Benon Kwesiga
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daniel Kadobera
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lillian Bulage
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul E Okello
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sandra Nabatanzi
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Monje
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Alex R Ario
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julie R Harris
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
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Tarim EA, Anil Inevi M, Ozkan I, Kecili S, Bilgi E, Baslar MS, Ozcivici E, Oksel Karakus C, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based technologies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19: recent advances and future directions. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:10. [PMID: 36913137 PMCID: PMC10009869 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to existing healthcare systems around the world. The urgent need for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 has boomed the demand for new technologies that can improve current healthcare approaches, moving towards more advanced, digitalized, personalized, and patient-oriented systems. Microfluidic-based technologies involve the miniaturization of large-scale devices and laboratory-based procedures, enabling complex chemical and biological operations that are conventionally performed at the macro-scale to be carried out on the microscale or less. The advantages microfluidic systems offer such as rapid, low-cost, accurate, and on-site solutions make these tools extremely useful and effective in the fight against COVID-19. In particular, microfluidic-assisted systems are of great interest in different COVID-19-related domains, varying from direct and indirect detection of COVID-19 infections to drug and vaccine discovery and their targeted delivery. Here, we review recent advances in the use of microfluidic platforms to diagnose, treat or prevent COVID-19. We start by summarizing recent microfluidic-based diagnostic solutions applicable to COVID-19. We then highlight the key roles microfluidics play in developing COVID-19 vaccines and testing how vaccine candidates perform, with a focus on RNA-delivery technologies and nano-carriers. Next, microfluidic-based efforts devoted to assessing the efficacy of potential COVID-19 drugs, either repurposed or new, and their targeted delivery to infected sites are summarized. We conclude by providing future perspectives and research directions that are critical to effectively prevent or respond to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Anil Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilayda Ozkan
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seren Kecili
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyup Bilgi
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Semih Baslar
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - H Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Tiribelli S, Monnot A, Shah SFH, Arora A, Toong PJ, Kong S. Ethics Principles for Artificial Intelligence-Based Telemedicine for Public Health. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:577-584. [PMID: 36893365 PMCID: PMC10088937 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of telemedicine has grown exponentially over the past decade, along with the adoption of AI-based telemedicine to support public health systems. Although AI-based telemedicine can open up novel opportunities for the delivery of clinical health and care and become a strong aid to public health systems worldwide, it also comes with ethical risks that should be detected, prevented, or mitigated for the responsible use of AI-based telemedicine in and for public health. However, despite the current proliferation of AI ethics frameworks, thus far, none have been developed for the design of AI-based telemedicine, especially for the adoption of AI-based telemedicine in and for public health. We aimed to fill this gap by mapping the most relevant AI ethics principles for AI-based telemedicine for public health and by showing the need to revise them via major ethical themes emerging from bioethics, medical ethics, and public health ethics toward the definition of a unified set of 6 AI ethics principles for the implementation of AI-based telemedicine. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 9, 2023:e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307225).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Tiribelli
- Simona Tiribelli is with the Department of Political Sciences, Communication, and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy, and the Institute for Technology and Global Health, Cambridge, MA. Annabelle Monnot is with Polygeia, Global Health Think Tank, Cambridge, UK. Syed F. H. Shah and Anmol Arora are with the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. Ping J. Toong is with the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge. Sokanha Kong is with the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge
| | - Annabelle Monnot
- Simona Tiribelli is with the Department of Political Sciences, Communication, and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy, and the Institute for Technology and Global Health, Cambridge, MA. Annabelle Monnot is with Polygeia, Global Health Think Tank, Cambridge, UK. Syed F. H. Shah and Anmol Arora are with the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. Ping J. Toong is with the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge. Sokanha Kong is with the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge
| | - Syed F H Shah
- Simona Tiribelli is with the Department of Political Sciences, Communication, and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy, and the Institute for Technology and Global Health, Cambridge, MA. Annabelle Monnot is with Polygeia, Global Health Think Tank, Cambridge, UK. Syed F. H. Shah and Anmol Arora are with the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. Ping J. Toong is with the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge. Sokanha Kong is with the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge
| | - Anmol Arora
- Simona Tiribelli is with the Department of Political Sciences, Communication, and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy, and the Institute for Technology and Global Health, Cambridge, MA. Annabelle Monnot is with Polygeia, Global Health Think Tank, Cambridge, UK. Syed F. H. Shah and Anmol Arora are with the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. Ping J. Toong is with the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge. Sokanha Kong is with the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge
| | - Ping J Toong
- Simona Tiribelli is with the Department of Political Sciences, Communication, and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy, and the Institute for Technology and Global Health, Cambridge, MA. Annabelle Monnot is with Polygeia, Global Health Think Tank, Cambridge, UK. Syed F. H. Shah and Anmol Arora are with the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. Ping J. Toong is with the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge. Sokanha Kong is with the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge
| | - Sokanha Kong
- Simona Tiribelli is with the Department of Political Sciences, Communication, and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy, and the Institute for Technology and Global Health, Cambridge, MA. Annabelle Monnot is with Polygeia, Global Health Think Tank, Cambridge, UK. Syed F. H. Shah and Anmol Arora are with the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge. Ping J. Toong is with the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge. Sokanha Kong is with the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge
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12
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Kumar K, Kumar P, Deb D, Unguresan ML, Muresan V. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Based Intervention in Medical Infrastructure: A Review and Future Trends. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020207. [PMID: 36673575 PMCID: PMC9859198 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
People in the life sciences who work with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are under increased pressure to develop algorithms faster than ever. The possibility of revealing innovative insights and speeding breakthroughs lies in using large datasets integrated on several levels. However, even if there is more data at our disposal than ever, only a meager portion is being filtered, interpreted, integrated, and analyzed. The subject of this technology is the study of how computers may learn from data and imitate human mental processes. Both an increase in the learning capacity and the provision of a decision support system at a size that is redefining the future of healthcare are enabled by AI and ML. This article offers a survey of the uses of AI and ML in the healthcare industry, with a particular emphasis on clinical, developmental, administrative, and global health implementations to support the healthcare infrastructure as a whole, along with the impact and expectations of each component of healthcare. Additionally, possible future trends and scopes of the utilization of this technology in medical infrastructure have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad 380026, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad 380026, India
| | - Dipankar Deb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research And Management, Ahmedabad 380026, India
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Vlad Muresan
- Department of Automation, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Petersson L, Vincent K, Svedberg P, Nygren JM, Larsson I. Ethical considerations in implementing AI for mortality prediction in the emergency department: Linking theory and practice. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231206588. [PMID: 37829612 PMCID: PMC10566278 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231206588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to be a solution for improving healthcare, increasing efficiency, and saving time and recourses. A lack of ethical principles for the use of AI in practice has been highlighted by several stakeholders due to the recent attention given to it. Research has shown an urgent need for more knowledge regarding the ethical implications of AI applications in healthcare. However, fundamental ethical principles may not be sufficient to describe ethical concerns associated with implementing AI applications. Objective The aim of this study is twofold, (1) to use the implementation of AI applications to predict patient mortality in emergency departments as a setting to explore healthcare professionals' perspectives on ethical issues in relation to ethical principles and (2) to develop a model to guide ethical considerations in AI implementation in healthcare based on ethical theory. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. The abductive approach used to analyze the empirical data consisted of four steps alternating between inductive and deductive analyses. Results Our findings provide an ethical model demonstrating the need to address six ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, explicability, and professional governance) in relation to ethical theories defined as virtue, deontology, and consequentialism when AI applications are to be implemented in clinical practice. Conclusions Ethical aspects of AI applications are broader than the prima facie principles of medical ethics and the principle of explicability. Ethical aspects thus need to be viewed from a broader perspective to cover different situations that healthcare professionals, in general, and physicians, in particular, may face when using AI applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Petersson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Kalista Vincent
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jens M Nygren
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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Donelle L, Comer L, Hiebert B, Hall J, Shelley JJ, Smith MJ, Kothari A, Burkell J, Stranges S, Cooke T, Shelley JM, Gilliland J, Ngole M, Facca D. Use of digital technologies for public health surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231173220. [PMID: 37214658 PMCID: PMC10196539 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231173220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, a variety of digital technologies have been leveraged for public health surveillance worldwide. However, concerns remain around the rapid development and deployment of digital technologies, how these technologies have been used, and their efficacy in supporting public health goals. Following the five-stage scoping review framework, we conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify the types and nature of digital technologies used for surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic and the success of these measures. We conducted a search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2020 to provide a snapshot of questions, concerns, discussions, and findings emerging at this pivotal time. A total of 147 peer-reviewed and 79 grey literature publications reporting on digital technology use for surveillance across 90 countries and regions were retained for analysis. The most frequently used technologies included mobile phone devices and applications, location tracking technologies, drones, temperature scanning technologies, and wearable devices. The utility of digital technologies for public health surveillance was impacted by factors including uptake of digital technologies across targeted populations, technological capacity and errors, scope, validity and accuracy of data, guiding legal frameworks, and infrastructure to support technology use. Our findings raise important questions around the value of digital surveillance for public health and how to ensure successful use of technologies while mitigating potential harms not only in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also during other infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Donelle
- College of Nursing, University of South
Carolina, USA
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Brad Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Jodi Hall
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | | | | | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media
Studies, Western University, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Schulich School of Medicine &
Dentistry, Western University, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen's University, Canada
| | - James M. Shelley
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and
Environment, Western University, Canada
| | - Marionette Ngole
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Danica Facca
- Faculty of Information and Media
Studies, Western University, Canada
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15
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Gong M, Jiao Y, Gong Y, Liu L. Data standards and standardization: The shortest plank of bucket for the COVID-19 containment. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 29:100565. [PMID: 35971388 PMCID: PMC9366352 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Gong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanshi Jiao
- Digital Health China Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gong
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Li Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Kim K, Lee MK, Shin HK, Lee H, Kim B, Kang S. Development and application of survey-based artificial intelligence for clinical decision support in managing infectious diseases: A pilot study on a hospital in central Vietnam. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1023098. [PMID: 36438286 PMCID: PMC9683382 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1023098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study, we developed a simplified artificial intelligence to support the clinical decision-making of medical personnel in a resource-limited setting. Methods We selected seven infectious disease categories that impose a heavy disease burden in the central Vietnam region: mosquito-borne disease, acute gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, sepsis, primary nervous system infection, and viral hepatitis. We developed a set of questionnaires to collect information on the current symptoms and history of patients suspected to have infectious diseases. We used data collected from 1,129 patients to develop and test a diagnostic model. We used XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost algorithms to create artificial intelligence for clinical decision support. We used a 4-fold cross-validation method to validate the artificial intelligence model. After 4-fold cross-validation, we tested artificial intelligence models on a separate test dataset and estimated diagnostic accuracy for each model. Results We recruited 1,129 patients for final analyses. Artificial intelligence developed by the CatBoost algorithm showed the best performance, with 87.61% accuracy and an F1-score of 87.71. The F1-score of the CatBoost model by disease entity ranged from 0.80 to 0.97. Diagnostic accuracy was the lowest for sepsis and the highest for central nervous system infection. Conclusion Simplified artificial intelligence could be helpful in clinical decision support in settings with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghyun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Kwanghyun Kim
| | - Myung-ken Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Shin
- Acryl, Seoul, South Korea,FineHealthcare, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Sunjoo Kang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,Sunjoo Kang
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17
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Thai C, Tran V, Bui M, Nguyen D, Ninh H, Tran H. Real-time masked face classification and head pose estimation for RGB facial image via knowledge distillation. Inf Sci (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Delgado J, de Manuel A, Parra I, Moyano C, Rueda J, Guersenzvaig A, Ausin T, Cruz M, Casacuberta D, Puyol A. Bias in algorithms of AI systems developed for COVID-19: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2022; 19:407-419. [PMID: 35857214 PMCID: PMC9463236 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-022-10200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze which ethically relevant biases have been identified by academic literature in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms developed either for patient risk prediction and triage, or for contact tracing to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, to specifically investigate whether the role of social determinants of health (SDOH) have been considered in these AI developments or not. We conducted a scoping review of the literature, which covered publications from March 2020 to April 2021. Studies mentioning biases on AI algorithms developed for contact tracing and medical triage or risk prediction regarding COVID-19 were included. From 1054 identified articles, 20 studies were finally included. We propose a typology of biases identified in the literature based on bias, limitations and other ethical issues in both areas of analysis. Results on health disparities and SDOH were classified into five categories: racial disparities, biased data, socio-economic disparities, unequal accessibility and workforce, and information communication. SDOH needs to be considered in the clinical context, where they still seem underestimated. Epidemiological conditions depend on geographic location, so the use of local data in studies to develop international solutions may increase some biases. Gender bias was not specifically addressed in the articles included. The main biases are related to data collection and management. Ethical problems related to privacy, consent, and lack of regulation have been identified in contact tracing while some bias-related health inequalities have been highlighted. There is a need for further research focusing on SDOH and these specific AI apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Delgado
- Department of Philosophy 1, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia de Manuel
- Department of Philosophy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Parra
- Department of Philosophy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Moyano
- Department of Philosophy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Rueda
- FiloLab Scientific Unit of Excellence of the University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Txetxu Ausin
- Institute for Philosophy of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maite Cruz
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
| | - David Casacuberta
- Department of Philosophy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Puyol
- Department of Philosophy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Karpiel I, Starcevic A, Urzeniczok M. Database and AI Diagnostic Tools Improve Understanding of Lung Damage, Correlation of Pulmonary Disease and Brain Damage in COVID-19. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22166312. [PMID: 36016071 PMCID: PMC9414394 DOI: 10.3390/s22166312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a sharp increase in the interest in artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool supporting the work of doctors in difficult conditions and providing early detection of the implications of the disease. Recent studies have shown that AI has been successfully applied in the healthcare sector. The objective of this paper is to perform a systematic review to summarize the electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and databases and tools used in artificial intelligence algorithms, supporting the diagnosis and correlation between lung disease and brain damage, and lung damage. Available search tools containing scientific publications, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, were comprehensively evaluated and searched with open databases and tools used in AI algorithms. This work aimed to collect papers from the period of January 2019-May 2022 including in their resources the database from which data necessary for further development of algorithms supporting the diagnosis of the respiratory system can be downloaded and the correlation between lung disease and brain damage can be evaluated. The 10 articles which show the most interesting AI algorithms, trained by using open databases and associated with lung diseases, were included for review with 12 articles related to EEGs, which have/or may be related with lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Karpiel
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Starcevic
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirella Urzeniczok
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Maia R, Carvalho V, Faria B, Miranda I, Catarino S, Teixeira S, Lima R, Minas G, Ribeiro J. Diagnosis Methods for COVID-19: A Systematic Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1349. [PMID: 36014271 PMCID: PMC9415914 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
At the end of 2019, the coronavirus appeared and spread extremely rapidly, causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide, and becoming a global pandemic. For this reason, it became urgent and essential to find adequate tests for an accurate and fast diagnosis of this disease. In the present study, a systematic review was performed in order to provide an overview of the COVID-19 diagnosis methods and tests already available, as well as their evolution in recent months. For this purpose, the Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used to collect the data and three authors independently screened the references, extracted the main information, and assessed the quality of the included studies. After the analysis of the collected data, 34 studies reporting new methods to diagnose COVID-19 were selected. Although RT-PCR is the gold-standard method for COVID-19 diagnosis, it cannot fulfill all the requirements of this pandemic, being limited by the need for highly specialized equipment and personnel to perform the assays, as well as the long time to get the test results. To fulfill the limitations of this method, other alternatives, including biological and imaging analysis methods, also became commonly reported. The comparison of the different diagnosis tests allowed to understand the importance and potential of combining different techniques, not only to improve diagnosis but also for a further understanding of the virus, the disease, and their implications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maia
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Violeta Carvalho
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- ALGORITMI, Production and Systems Department, School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Faria
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Miranda
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Catarino
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Senhorinha Teixeira
- ALGORITMI, Production and Systems Department, School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- CEFT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Minas
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit (CMEMS-UMinho), School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Ribeiro
- ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Building Process-Oriented Data Science Solutions for Real-World Healthcare. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148427. [PMID: 35886279 PMCID: PMC9318799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of the opportunities, problems and barriers facing the application of Artificial Intelligence to the medical domain. It is becoming increasingly important to determine how Artificial Intelligence will help healthcare providers understand and improve the daily practice of medicine. As a part of the Artificial Intelligence research field, the Process-Oriented Data Science community has been active in the analysis of this situation and in identifying current challenges and available solutions. We have identified a need to integrate the best efforts made by the community to ensure that promised improvements to care processes can be achieved in real healthcare. In this paper, we argue that it is necessary to provide appropriate tools to support medical experts and that frequent, interactive communication between medical experts and data miners is needed to co-create solutions. Process-Oriented Data Science, and specifically concrete techniques such as Process Mining, can offer an easy to manage set of tools for developing understandable and explainable Artificial Intelligence solutions. Process Mining offers tools, methods and a data driven approach that can involve medical experts in the process of co-discovering real-world evidence in an interactive way. It is time for Process-Oriented Data scientists to collaborate more closely with healthcare professionals to provide and build useful, understandable solutions that answer practical questions in daily practice. With a shared vision, we should be better prepared to meet the complex challenges that will shape the future of healthcare.
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Nawaz FA, Barr AA, Desai MY, Tsagkaris C, Singh R, Klager E, Eibensteiner F, Parvanov ED, Hribersek M, Kletecka-Pulker M, Willschke H, Atanasov AG. Promoting Research, Awareness, and Discussion on AI in Medicine Using #MedTwitterAI: A Longitudinal Twitter Hashtag Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:856571. [PMID: 35844878 PMCID: PMC9283788 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.856571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to reshape medical practice and the delivery of healthcare. Online discussions surrounding AI's utility in these domains are increasingly emerging, likely due to considerable interest from healthcare practitioners, medical technology developers, and other relevant stakeholders. However, many practitioners and medical students report limited understanding and familiarity with AI.ObjectiveTo promote research, events, and resources at the intersection of AI and medicine for the online medical community, we created a Twitter-based campaign using the hashtag #MedTwitterAI.MethodsIn the present study, we analyze the use of #MedTwitterAI by tracking tweets containing this hashtag posted from 26th March, 2019 to 26th March, 2021, using the Symplur Signals hashtag analytics tool. The full text of all #MedTwitterAI tweets was also extracted and subjected to a natural language processing analysis.ResultsOver this time period, we identified 7,441 tweets containing #MedTwitterAI, posted by 1,519 unique Twitter users which generated 59,455,569 impressions. The most common identifiable locations for users including this hashtag in tweets were the United States (378/1,519), the United Kingdom (80/1,519), Canada (65/1,519), India (46/1,519), Spain (29/1,519), France (24/1,519), Italy (16/1,519), Australia (16/1,519), Germany (16/1,519), and Brazil (15/1,519). Tweets were frequently enhanced with links (80.2%), mentions of other accounts (93.9%), and photos (56.6%). The five most abundant single words were AI (artificial intelligence), patients, medicine, data, and learning. Sentiment analysis revealed an overall majority of positive single word sentiments (e.g., intelligence, improve) with 230 positive and 172 negative sentiments with a total of 658 and 342 mentions of all positive and negative sentiments, respectively. Most frequently mentioned negative sentiments were cancer, risk, and bias. Most common bigrams identified by Markov chain depiction were related to analytical methods (e.g., label-free detection) and medical conditions/biological processes (e.g., rare circulating tumor cells).ConclusionThese results demonstrate the generated considerable interest of using #MedTwitterAI for promoting relevant content and engaging a broad and geographically diverse audience. The use of hashtags in Twitter-based campaigns can be an effective tool to raise awareness of interdisciplinary fields and enable knowledge-sharing on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal A Nawaz
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Romil Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elisabeth Klager
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Eibensteiner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emil D Parvanov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Mojca Hribersek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Kletecka-Pulker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Ethics and Law in Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Willschke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Boussel L, Bartoli JM, Adnane S, Meder JF, Malléa P, Clech J, Zins M, Bérégi JP. French Imaging Database Against Coronavirus (FIDAC): A large COVID-19 multi-center chest CT database. Diagn Interv Imaging 2022; 103:460-463. [PMID: 35715328 PMCID: PMC9194873 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the French Society of Radiology and the French College of Radiology, in partnership with NEHS Digital, have set up a system to collect chest computed tomography (CT) examinations with clinical, virological and radiological metadata, from patients clinically suspected of COVID-19 pneumonia. This allowed the constitution of an anonymized multicenter database, named FIDAC (French Imaging Database Against Coronavirus). The aim of this report was to describe the content of this public database. Materials and methods Twenty-two French radiology centers participated to the data collection. The data collected were chest CT examinations in DICOM format associated with the following metadata: patient age and sex, originating facility identifier, originating facility region, time from symptom onset to CT examination, indication for CT examination, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and normalized CT report performed by a senior radiologist. All the data were anonymized and sent through a NEHS Digital system to a centralized data center. Results A total of 5944 patients were included from the 22 centers aggregated into 8 regions with a mean number of patients of 743 ± 603.3 [SD] per region (range: 102–1577 patients). Reasons for CT examination and normalized CT reports were provided for all patients. RT-PCR results were provided in 5574 patients (93.77%) with a positive result of RT-PCR in 44.6% of patients. Conclusion The FIDAC project allowed the creation of a large database of chest CT images and metadata available, under conditions, in open access through the CERF-SFR website.
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Prediction of Pulmonary Function Parameters Based on a Combination Algorithm. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040136. [PMID: 35447696 PMCID: PMC9032560 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Pulmonary function parameters play a pivotal role in the assessment of respiratory diseases. However, the accuracy of the existing methods for the prediction of pulmonary function parameters is low. This study proposes a combination algorithm to improve the accuracy of pulmonary function parameter prediction. Methods: We first established a system to collect volumetric capnography and then processed the data with a combination algorithm to predict pulmonary function parameters. The algorithm consists of three main parts: a medical feature regression structure consisting of support vector machines (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms, a sequence feature regression structure consisting of one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), and an error correction structure using improved K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Results: The root mean square error (RMSE) of the pulmonary function parameters predicted by the combination algorithm was less than 0.39L and the R2 was found to be greater than 0.85 through a ten-fold cross-validation experiment. Conclusion: Compared with the existing methods for predicting pulmonary function parameters, the present algorithm can achieve a higher accuracy rate. At the same time, this algorithm uses specific processing structures for different features, and the interpretability of the algorithm is ensured while mining the feature depth information.
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Soya E, Ekenel N, Savas R, Toprak T, Bewes J, Doganay O. Pixel-based analysis of pulmonary changes on CT lung images due to COVID-19 pneumonia. COSMODERMA 2022; 12:6. [PMID: 35251762 PMCID: PMC8889935 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_172_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) plays a complementary role in the diagnosis of the pneumonia-burden of COVID-19 disease. However, the low contrast of areas of inflammation on CT images, areas of infection are difficult to identify. The purpose of this study is to develop a post-image-processing method for quantitative analysis of COVID-19 pneumonia-related changes in CT attenuation values using a pixel-based analysis rather than more commonly used clustered focal pneumonia volumes. The COVID-19 pneumonia burden is determined by experienced radiologists in the clinic. Previous AI software was developed for the measurement of COVID-19 lesions based on the extraction of local pneumonia features. In this respect, changes in the pixel levels beyond the clusters may be overlooked by deep learning algorithms. The proposed technique focuses on the quantitative measurement of COVID-19 related pneumonia over the entire lung in pixel-by-pixel fashion rather than only clustered focal pneumonia volumes. Material and Methods: Fifty COVID-19 and 50 age-matched negative control patients were analyzed using the proposed technique and commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software. The %pneumonia was calculated using the relative volume of parenchymal pixels within an empirically defined CT density range, excluding pulmonary airways, vessels, and fissures. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to investigate the statistical difference between lobar and whole lung %pneumonia in the negative control and COVID-19 cohorts. Results: The threshold of high-and-low CT attenuation values related to pneumonia caused by COVID-19 were found to be between ₋642.4 HU and 143 HU. The %pneumonia of the whole lung, left upper, and lower lobes were 8.1 ± 4.4%, 6.1 ± 4.5, and 11.3 ± 7.3% for the COVID-19 cohort, respectively, and statistically different (P < 0.01). Additionally, the pixel-based methods correlate well with existing AI methods and are approximately four times more sensitive to pneumonia particularly at the upper lobes compared with commercial software in COVID-19 patients (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Pixel-by-pixel analysis can accurately assess pneumonia in COVID-19 patients with CT. Pixel-based techniques produce more sensitive results than AI techniques. Using the proposed novel technique, %pneumonia could be quantitatively calculated not only in the clusters but also in the whole lung with an improved sensitivity by a factor of four compared to AI-based analysis. More significantly, pixel-by-pixel analysis was more sensitive to the upper lobe pneumonia, while AI-based analysis overlooked the upper lung pneumonia region. In the future, this technique can be used to investigate the efficiency of vaccines and drugs and post COVID-19 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Soya
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey,
| | - Nur Ekenel
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey,
| | - Recep Savas
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey,
| | - Tugce Toprak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey,
| | - James Bewes
- South East Radiology, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Ozkan Doganay
- Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey,
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De Lucia F, Amer Ouali R, Devriendt A, Sanoussi S, Cannie M. Comparison of Chest Computed Tomography Between the Two Waves of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Belgium Using Artificial Intelligence. Cureus 2022; 14:e22203. [PMID: 35308674 PMCID: PMC8926029 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to compare two outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Belgium in tomographic and biological-clinical aspects with artificial intelligence (AI). Methodology We performed an observational retrospective study. Adult patients who were symptomatic in the first seven days with COVID-19 infection, diagnosed by chest computed tomography (CT) and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, were included in this study. The first wave of the pandemic lasted from March 25, 2020, to May 25, 2020, and the second wave lasted from October 7, 2020, to December 7, 2020. For each wave, two subgroups were defined depending on whether respiratory failure occurred during the course of the disease. The quantitative estimation of COVID-19 lung lesions was performed by AI, radiologists, and radiology residents. The chest CT severity score was calculated by AI. Results In the 202 patients included in this study, we found statistically significant differences for obesity, hypertension, and asthma. The differences were predominant in the second wave. Moreover, a mixed distribution (central and peripherical) of pulmonary lesions was noted in the second wave, but no differences were noted regarding mortality, respiratory failure, complications, and other radiological and biological elements. Chest CT severity score was among the risk factors of mortality and respiratory failure. There was a mild agreement between AI and visual evaluation of pulmonary lesion extension (K = 0.4). Conclusions Between March and December 2020, in our cohort, for the majority of the parameters analyzed, we did not record significant changes between the two waves. AI can reduce the experience and performance gap of radiologists and better establish a hospitalization criterion.
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Abubaker Bagabir S, Ibrahim NK, Abubaker Bagabir H, Hashem Ateeq R. Covid-19 and Artificial Intelligence: Genome sequencing, drug development and vaccine discovery. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:289-296. [PMID: 35078755 PMCID: PMC8767913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the work done by using AI for identifying the genomic sequences, development of drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 and to recognize the advantages and challenges of using such technology. METHODS A non-systematic review was done. All articles published on Pub-Med, Medline, Google, and Google Scholar on AI or digital health regarding genomic sequencing, drug development, and vaccines of COVID-19 were scrutinized and summarized. RESULTS The sequence of SARS- CoV-2 was identified with the help of AI. It can help also in the prompt identification of variants of concern (VOC) as delta strains and Omicron. Furthermore, there are many drugs applied with the help of AI. These drugs included Atazanavir, Remdesivir, Efavirenz, Ritonavir, and Dolutegravir, PARP1 inhibitors (Olaparib and CVL218 which is Mefuparib hydrochloride), Abacavir, Roflumilast, Almitrine, and Mesylate. Many vaccines were developed utilizing the new technology of bioinformatics, databases, immune-informatics, machine learning, and reverse vaccinology to the whole SARS-CoV-2 proteomes or the structural proteins. Examples of these vaccines are the messenger RNA and viral vector vaccines. AI provides cost-saving and agility. However, the challenges of its usage are the difficulty of collecting data, the internal and external validation, ethical consideration, therapeutic effect, and the time needed for clinical trials after drug approval. Moreover, there is a common problem in the deep learning (DL) model which is the shortage of interpretability. CONCLUSION The growth of AI techniques in health care opened a broad gate for discovering the genomic sequences of the COVID-19 virus and the VOC. AI helps also in the development of vaccines and drugs (including drug repurposing) to obtain potential preventive and therapeutic agents for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sali Abubaker Bagabir
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Khamis Ibrahim
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Epidemiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hala Abubaker Bagabir
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Moradi M, Golmohammadi R, Najafi A, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Mirnejad R. A contemporary review on the important role of in silico approaches for managing different aspects of COVID-19 crisis. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022; 28:100862. [PMID: 35079621 PMCID: PMC8776350 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last century, the emergence of in silico tools has improved the quality of healthcare studies by providing high quality predictions. In the case of COVID-19, these tools have been advantageous for bioinformatics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 structures, studying potential drugs and introducing drug targets, investigating the efficacy of potential natural product components at suppressing COVID-19 infection, designing peptide-mimetic and optimizing their structure to provide a better clinical outcome, and repurposing of the previously known therapeutics. These methods have also helped medical biotechnologists to design various vaccines; such as multi-epitope vaccines using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics methods, among which some of them have showed promising results through in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies. Moreover, emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have helped to classify the previously known data and use them to provide precise predictions and make plan for future of the pandemic condition. At this contemporary review, by collecting related information from the collected literature on valuable data sources; such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, we tried to provide a brief outlook regarding the importance of in silico tools in managing different aspects of COVID-19 pandemic infection and how these methods have been helpful to biomedical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moradi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Wei M. How Does Smart Healthcare Service Affect Resident Health in the Digital Age? Empirical Evidence From 105 Cities of China. Front Public Health 2022; 9:833687. [PMID: 35127633 PMCID: PMC8813850 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.833687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of the digital age, smart healthcare services based on the new generation of information technologies play an increasingly important role in improving the quality of resident health. This study empirically examined the impact of regional smart healthcare services on resident health as well as the underlying mechanism by employing a two-way fixed effects model. We constructed a Regional Smart Healthcare Service Development Index and matched it with survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to validate the model. The results showed that (1) smart healthcare services have a significant positive impact on resident health. (2) The availability of outpatient services and inpatient services plays a mediating role in the relationship between regional smart healthcare services and resident health. (3) The influence of regional smart healthcare services on resident health is heterogeneous among different regions. Specifically, the effect of smart healthcare services on resident health is significant in the eastern regions, while it is not significant in the central, western, and northeastern regions. The effect of smart healthcare services on resident health is significant in rural regions but not in urban regions. This study enriches the nascent research stream of smart healthcare services. This study offers useful insights for practitioners and the government to guide them in formulating smart healthcare strategies.
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Collatuzzo G, Boffetta P. Application of P4 (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory) Approach to Occupational Medicine. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2022; 113:e2022009. [PMID: 35226650 PMCID: PMC8902745 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v113i1.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a growth in the role of prevention in controlling the disease burden. Increasing efforts have been conveyed in the screening implementation and public health policies, and the spreading knowledge on risk factors reflects on major attention to health checks. Despite this, lifestyle changes are difficult to be adopted and the adherence to current public health services like screening and vaccinations remains suboptimal. Additionally, the prevalence and outcome of different chronic diseases and cancers is burdened by social disparities. P4 [predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory] medicine is the conceptualization of a new health care model, based on multidimensional data and machine-learning algorithms in order to develop public health intervention and monitoring the health status of the population with focus on wellbeing and healthy ageing. Each of the characteristics of P4 medicine is relevant to occupational medicine, and indeed the P4 approach appears to be particularly relevant to this discipline. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of P4 to occupational medicine, showing examples of its introduction on workplaces and hypothesizing its further implementation at the occupational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Data-Driven Analytics Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in the Era of COVID-19: An Insightful Review of Recent Developments. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and other latest technologies that were employed to fight the recent pandemic (i.e., novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)). These technologies assisted the early detection/diagnosis, trends analysis, intervention planning, healthcare burden forecasting, comorbidity analysis, and mitigation and control, to name a few. The key-enablers of these technologies was data that was obtained from heterogeneous sources (i.e., social networks (SN), internet of (medical) things (IoT/IoMT), cellular networks, transport usage, epidemiological investigations, and other digital/sensing platforms). To this end, we provide an insightful overview of the role of data-driven analytics leveraging AI in the era of COVID-19. Specifically, we discuss major services that AI can provide in the context of COVID-19 pandemic based on six grounds, (i) AI role in seven different epidemic containment strategies (a.k.a non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)), (ii) AI role in data life cycle phases employed to control pandemic via digital solutions, (iii) AI role in performing analytics on heterogeneous types of data stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, (iv) AI role in the healthcare sector in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, (v) general-purpose applications of AI in COVID-19 era, and (vi) AI role in drug design and repurposing (e.g., iteratively aligning protein spikes and applying three/four-fold symmetry to yield a low-resolution candidate template) against COVID-19. Further, we discuss the challenges involved in applying AI to the available data and privacy issues that can arise from personal data transitioning into cyberspace. We also provide a concise overview of other latest technologies that were increasingly applied to limit the spread of the ongoing pandemic. Finally, we discuss the avenues of future research in the respective area. This insightful review aims to highlight existing AI-based technological developments and future research dynamics in this area.
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See KC. Collaborative intelligence for intensive care units. Crit Care 2021; 25:426. [PMID: 34906199 PMCID: PMC8669401 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kay Choong See
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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The role of data-driven artificial intelligence on COVID-19 disease management in public sphere: a review. DECISION 2021. [PMCID: PMC8482354 DOI: 10.1007/s40622-021-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with acute intense respiratory syndrome which spread around the world for the very first time impacting the way of life with drastic uncertainty. It rapidly reached almost every nook and corner of the world and the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced COVID-19 as a pandemic. The health care institutions around the globe are looking for viable and real-time technological solutions to handle the virus for evading its spread and circumvent probable demises. Importantly, the artificial intelligence tools and techniques are playing a major role in fighting the effect of virus on the economic jolt by mimicking human intelligence by screening, analyzing, predicting and tracking the existing and likely future patients. Since the first reported case, all the government organizations in the world jumped into action to prevent it and many studies reported the role of AI in taking decisions analyzing big data available in public sphere. Thereby, this review focuses on identifying the significant implication of AI techniques used for the COVID-19 disease management in the public sphere by agglomerating the latest available information. It also discusses the pitfalls and future directions in handling sensitive big data required for advanced neural networks.
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Schopow N, Osterhoff G, von Dercks N, Girrbach F, Josten C, Stehr S, Hepp P. Central COVID-19 Coordination Centers in Germany: Description, Economic Evaluation, and Systematic Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e33509. [PMID: 34623955 PMCID: PMC8604254 DOI: 10.2196/33509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, Central COVID-19 Coordination Centers (CCCCs) have been established at several hospitals across Germany with the intention to assist local health care professionals in efficiently referring patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection to regional hospitals and therefore to prevent the collapse of local health system structures. In addition, these centers coordinate interhospital transfers of patients with COVID-19 and provide or arrange specialized telemedical consultations. Objective This study describes the establishment and management of a CCCC at a German university hospital. Methods We performed economic analyses (cost, cost-effectiveness, use, and utility) according to the CHEERS (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards) criteria. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review to identify publications on similar institutions worldwide. The 2 months with the highest local incidence of COVID-19 cases (December 2020 and January 2021) were considered. Results During this time, 17.3 requests per day were made to the CCCC regarding admission or transfer of patients with COVID-19. The majority of requests were made by emergency medical services (601/1068, 56.3%), patients with an average age of 71.8 (SD 17.2) years were involved, and for 737 of 1068 cases (69%), SARS-CoV-2 had already been detected by a positive polymerase chain reaction test. In 59.8% (639/1068) of the concerned patients, further treatment by a general practitioner or outpatient presentation in a hospital could be initiated after appropriate advice, 27.2% (291/1068) of patients were admitted to normal wards, and 12.9% (138/1068) were directly transmitted to an intensive care unit. The operating costs of the CCCC amounted to more than €52,000 (US $60,031) per month. Of the 334 patients with detected SARS-CoV-2 who were referred via EMS or outpatient physicians, 302 (90.4%) were triaged and announced in advance by the CCCC. No other published economic analysis of COVID-19 coordination or management institutions at hospitals could be found. Conclusions Despite the high cost of the CCCC, we were able to show that it is a beneficial concept to both the providing hospital and the public health system. However, the most important benefits of the CCCC are that it prevents hospitals from being overrun by patients and that it avoids situations in which physicians must weigh one patient’s life against another’s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Schopow
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Osterhoff
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Felix Girrbach
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Josten
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stehr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Helbing D, Beschorner T, Frey B, Diekmann A, Hagendorff T, Seele P, Spiekermann-Hoff S, van den Hoven J, Zwitter A. Triage 4.0: On Death Algorithms and Technological Selection. Is Today's Data- Driven Medical System Still Compatible with the Constitution? J Eur CME 2021; 10:1989243. [PMID: 34804636 PMCID: PMC8604483 DOI: 10.1080/21614083.2021.1989243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Health data bear great promises for a healthier and happier life, but they also make us vulnerable. Making use of millions or billions of data points, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are now creating new benefits. For sure, harvesting Big Data can have great potentials for the health system, too. It can support accurate diagnoses, better treatments and greater cost effectiveness. However, it can also have undesirable implications, often in the sense of undesired side effects, which may in fact be terrible. Examples for this, as discussed in this article, are discrimination, the mechanisation of death, and genetic, social, behavioural or technological selection, which may imply eugenic effects or social Darwinism. As many unintended effects become visible only after years, we still lack sufficient criteria, long-term experience and advanced methods to reliably exclude that things may go terribly wrong. Handing over decision-making, responsibility or control to machines, could be dangerous and irresponsible. It would also be in serious conflict with human rights and our constitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Helbing
- Computational Social Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Beschorner
- Institute for Business Ethics, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Frey
- Crema, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Seele
- Ethics and Communication Law Center, USI Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Spiekermann-Hoff
- Institute for Information Systems & Society, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Andrej Zwitter
- Governance and Innovation, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Chakraborty S, Saha AK, Nama S, Debnath S. COVID-19 X-ray image segmentation by modified whale optimization algorithm with population reduction. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104984. [PMID: 34739972 PMCID: PMC8556692 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a massive disaster in every human life field, including health, education, economics, and tourism, over the last year and a half. Rapid interpretation of COVID-19 patients' X-ray images is critical for diagnosis and, consequently, treatment of the disease. The major goal of this research is to develop a computational tool that can quickly and accurately determine the severity of an illness using COVID-19 chest X-ray pictures and improve the degree of diagnosis using a modified whale optimization method (WOA). To improve the WOA, a random initialization of the population is integrated during the global search phase. The parameters, coefficient vector (A) and constant value (b), are changed so that the algorithm can explore in the early stages while also exploiting the search space extensively in the latter stages. The efficiency of the proposed modified whale optimization algorithm with population reduction (mWOAPR) method is assessed by using it to segment six benchmark images using multilevel thresholding approach and Kapur's entropy-based fitness function calculated from the 2D histogram of greyscale images. By gathering three distinct COVID-19 chest X-ray images, the projected algorithm (mWOAPR) is utilized to segment the COVID-19 chest X-ray images. In both benchmark pictures and COVID-19 chest X-ray images, comparisons of the evaluated findings with basic and modified forms of metaheuristic algorithms supported the suggested mWOAPR's improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia, Tripura, India.
| | - Apu Kumar Saha
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India.
| | - Sukanta Nama
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Maharaja Bir Bikram University, Agartala, Tripura, India.
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, Tripura, India.
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37
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A Deep Learning BiLSTM Encoding-Decoding Model for COVID-19 Pandemic Spread Forecasting. FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract5040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has widely spread with an increasing infection rate through more than 200 countries. The governments of the world need to record the confirmed infectious, recovered, and death cases for the present state and predict the cases. In favor of future case prediction, governments can impose opening and closing procedures to save human lives by slowing down the pandemic progression spread. There are several forecasting models for pandemic time series based on statistical processing and machine learning algorithms. Deep learning has been proven as an excellent tool for time series forecasting problems. This paper proposes a deep learning time-series prediction model to forecast the confirmed, recovered, and death cases. Our proposed network is based on an encoding–decoding deep learning network. Moreover, we optimize the selection of our proposed network hyper-parameters. Our proposed forecasting model was applied in Saudi Arabia. Then, we applied the proposed model to other countries. Our study covers two categories of countries that have witnessed different spread waves this year. During our experiments, we compared our proposed model and the other time-series forecasting models, which totaled fifteen prediction models: three statistical models, three deep learning models, seven machine learning models, and one prophet model. Our proposed forecasting model accuracy was assessed using several statistical evaluation criteria. It achieved the lowest error values and achieved the highest R-squared value of 0.99. Our proposed model may help policymakers to improve the pandemic spread control, and our method can be generalized for other time series forecasting tasks.
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang D, Tong X, Liu T, Zhang S, Huang J, Zhang L, Chen L, Fan H, Clarke M. Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:704256. [PMID: 34660623 PMCID: PMC8514781 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.704256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected more than 200 countries and lead to enormous losses. This study systematically reviews the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in COVID-19, especially for diagnosis, estimation of epidemic trends, prognosis, and exploration of effective and safe drugs and vaccines; and discusses the potential limitations. Methods: We report this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from inception to 19 September 2020 for published studies of AI applications in COVID-19. We used PROBAST (prediction model risk of bias assessment tool) to assess the quality of literature related to the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. We registered the protocol (PROSPERO CRD42020211555). Results: We included 78 studies: 46 articles discussed AI-assisted diagnosis for COVID-19 with total accuracy of 70.00 to 99.92%, sensitivity of 73.00 to 100.00%, specificity of 25 to 100.00%, and area under the curve of 0.732 to 1.000. Fourteen articles evaluated prognosis based on clinical characteristics at hospital admission, such as clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics, reaching accuracy of 74.4 to 95.20%, sensitivity of 72.8 to 98.00%, specificity of 55 to 96.87% and AUC of 0.66 to 0.997 in predicting critical COVID-19. Nine articles used AI models to predict the epidemic of the COVID-19, such as epidemic peak, infection rate, number of infected cases, transmission laws, and development trend. Eight articles used AI to explore potential effective drugs, primarily through drug repurposing and drug development. Finally, 1 article predicted vaccine targets that have the potential to develop COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: In this review, we have shown that AI achieved high performance in diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, epidemic prediction and drug discovery for COVID-19. AI has the potential to enhance significantly existing medical and healthcare system efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongguang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jizhen Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mike Clarke
- Northern Ireland Methodology Hub, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Ahmed Z. Intelligent health system for the investigation of consenting COVID-19 patients and precision medicine. Per Med 2021; 18:573-582. [PMID: 34619976 PMCID: PMC8544483 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advancing frontiers of clinical research, we discuss the need for intelligent health systems to support a deeper investigation of COVID-19. We hypothesize that the convergence of the healthcare data and staggering developments in artificial intelligence have the potential to elevate the recovery process with diagnostic and predictive analysis to identify major causes of mortality, modifiable risk factors and actionable information that supports the early detection and prevention of COVID-19. However, current constraints include the recruitment of COVID-19 patients for research; translational integration of electronic health records and diversified public datasets; and the development of artificial intelligence systems for data-intensive computational modeling to assist clinical decision making. We propose a novel nexus of machine learning algorithms to examine COVID-19 data granularity from population studies to subgroups stratification and ensure best modeling strategies within the data continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmed
- Rutgers Institute for Health, Health Care Policy & Aging Research, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical & Health Sciences, 125 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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40
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Aung YYM, Wong DCS, Ting DSW. The promise of artificial intelligence: a review of the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Br Med Bull 2021; 139:4-15. [PMID: 34405854 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly evolving fields in various sectors, including healthcare. This article reviews AI's present applications in healthcare, including its benefits, limitations and future scope. SOURCES OF DATA A review of the English literature was conducted with search terms 'AI' or 'ML' or 'deep learning' and 'healthcare' or 'medicine' using PubMED and Google Scholar from 2000-2021. AREAS OF AGREEMENT AI could transform physician workflow and patient care through its applications, from assisting physicians and replacing administrative tasks to augmenting medical knowledge. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY From challenges training ML systems to unclear accountability, AI's implementation is difficult and incremental at best. Physicians also lack understanding of what AI implementation could represent. GROWING POINTS AI can ultimately prove beneficial in healthcare, but requires meticulous governance similar to the governance of physician conduct. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Regulatory guidelines are needed on how to safely implement and assess AI technology, alongside further research into the specific capabilities and limitations of its medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Y M Aung
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C S Wong
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Daniel S W Ting
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751, Singapore
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Selvaraj C, Dinesh DC, Krafcikova P, Boura E, Aarthy M, Pravin MA, Singh SK. Structural Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Targets, Active Site Contour Map Analysis and COVID-19 Therapeutics. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:418-433. [PMID: 34488601 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210906125959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most iconic word of the year 2020 is 'COVID-19', the shortened name for coronavirus disease 2019. The pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for multiple worldwide lockdowns, an economic crisis, and a substantial increase in hospitalizations for viral pneumonia along with respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunctions. Recently, the first few vaccines were approved by World Health Organization (WHO) and can eventually save millions of lives. Even though, few emergency use drugs like Remdesivir and several other repurposed drugs, still there is no approved drug for COVID-19. The coronaviral encoded proteins involved in host-cell entry, replication, and host-cell invading mechanism are potentially therapeutic targets. This perspective review provides the molecular overview of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle for summarizing potential drug targets, structural insights, active site contour map analyses of those selected SARS-CoV-2 protein targets for drug discovery, immunology, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu. India
| | | | - Petra Krafcikova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6. Czech Republic
| | - Murali Aarthy
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Muthuraja Arun Pravin
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630004, Tamil Nadu. India
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Aznar-Gimeno R, Esteban LM, Labata-Lezaun G, del-Hoyo-Alonso R, Abadia-Gallego D, Paño-Pardo JR, Esquillor-Rodrigo MJ, Lanas Á, Serrano MT. A Clinical Decision Web to Predict ICU Admission or Death for Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19 Using Machine Learning Algorithms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8677. [PMID: 34444425 PMCID: PMC8394359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to build a predictive model for estimating the risk of ICU admission or mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and provide a user-friendly tool to assist clinicians in the decision-making process. The study cohort comprised 3623 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the SALUD hospital network of Aragon (Spain), which includes 23 hospitals, between February 2020 and January 2021, a period that includes several pandemic waves. Up to 165 variables were analysed, including demographics, comorbidity, chronic drugs, vital signs, and laboratory data. To build the predictive models, different techniques and machine learning (ML) algorithms were explored: multilayer perceptron, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). A reduction dimensionality procedure was used to minimize the features to 20, ensuring feasible use of the tool in practice. Our model was validated both internally and externally. We also assessed its calibration and provide an analysis of the optimal cut-off points depending on the metric to be optimized. The best performing algorithm was XGBoost. The final model achieved good discrimination for the external validation set (AUC = 0.821, 95% CI 0.787-0.854) and accurate calibration (slope = 1, intercept = -0.12). A cut-off of 0.4 provides a sensitivity and specificity of 0.71 and 0.78, respectively. In conclusion, we built a risk prediction model from a large amount of data from several pandemic waves, which had good calibration and discrimination ability. We also created a user-friendly web application that can aid rapid decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Aznar-Gimeno
- Department of Big Data and Cognitive Systems, Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón, ITAINNOVA, María de Luna 7-8, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.L.-L.); (D.A.-G.)
| | - Luis M. Esteban
- Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de La Almunia, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Mayor, 5, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Spain;
| | - Gorka Labata-Lezaun
- Department of Big Data and Cognitive Systems, Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón, ITAINNOVA, María de Luna 7-8, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.L.-L.); (D.A.-G.)
| | - Rafael del-Hoyo-Alonso
- Department of Big Data and Cognitive Systems, Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón, ITAINNOVA, María de Luna 7-8, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.L.-L.); (D.A.-G.)
| | - David Abadia-Gallego
- Department of Big Data and Cognitive Systems, Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón, ITAINNOVA, María de Luna 7-8, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.L.-L.); (D.A.-G.)
| | - J. Ramón Paño-Pardo
- Infectious Disease Department, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.T.S.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. José Esquillor-Rodrigo
- Internal Medicine Department, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Ángel Lanas
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.T.S.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Department, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBEREHD, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Trinidad Serrano
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.T.S.)
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Department, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, San Juan Bosco 15, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Reeves JJ, Pageler NM, Wick EC, Melton GB, Tan YHG, Clay BJ, Longhurst CA. The Clinical Information Systems Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Yearb Med Inform 2021; 30:105-125. [PMID: 34479384 PMCID: PMC8416224 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The year 2020 was predominated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The objective of this article is to review the areas in which clinical information systems (CIS) can be and have been utilized to support and enhance the response of healthcare systems to pandemics, focusing on COVID-19. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, the tables of contents of major informatics journals, and the bibliographies of articles were searched for studies pertaining to CIS, pandemics, and COVID-19 through October 2020. The most informative and detailed studies were highlighted, while many others were referenced. RESULTS CIS were heavily relied upon by health systems and governmental agencies worldwide in response to COVID-19. Technology-based screening tools were developed to assist rapid case identification and appropriate triaging. Clinical care was supported by utilizing the electronic health record (EHR) to onboard frontline providers to new protocols, offer clinical decision support, and improve systems for diagnostic testing. Telehealth became the most rapidly adopted medical trend in recent history and an essential strategy for allowing safe and effective access to medical care. Artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms were developed to enhance screening, diagnostic imaging, and predictive analytics - though evidence of improved outcomes remains limited. Geographic information systems and big data enabled real-time dashboards vital for epidemic monitoring, hospital preparedness strategies, and health policy decision making. Digital contact tracing systems were implemented to assist a labor-intensive task with the aim of curbing transmission. Large scale data sharing, effective health information exchange, and interoperability of EHRs remain challenges for the informatics community with immense clinical and academic potential. CIS must be used in combination with engaged stakeholders and operational change management in order to meaningfully improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Managing a pandemic requires widespread, timely, and effective distribution of reliable information. In the past year, CIS and informaticists made prominent and influential contributions in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jeffery Reeves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Natalie M. Pageler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Wick
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Genevieve B. Melton
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yu-Heng Gamaliel Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Chief Medical Information Officer, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Brian J. Clay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Management Decisions in China. J Med Syst 2021; 45:84. [PMID: 34302549 PMCID: PMC8308073 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-021-01757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread rapidly and affected most of the world since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, which presents a major challenge to the emergency response mechanism for sudden public health events and epidemic prevention and control in all countries. In the face of the severe situation of epidemic prevention and control and the arduous task of social management, the tremendous power of science and technology in prevention and control has emerged. The new generation of information technology, represented by big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, has been widely used in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of COVID-19 as an important basic support. Although the technology has developed, there are still challenges with respect to epidemic surveillance, accurate prevention and control, effective diagnosis and treatment, and timely judgement. The prevention and control of sudden infectious diseases usually depend on the control of infection sources, interruption of transmission channels and vaccine development. Big data and AI are effective technologies to identify the source of infection and have an irreplaceable role in distinguishing close contacts and suspicious populations. Advanced computational analysis is beneficial to accelerate the speed of vaccine research and development and to improve the quality of vaccines. AI provides support in automatically processing relevant data from medical images and clinical features, tests and examination findings; predicting disease progression and prognosis; and even recommending treatment plans and strategies. This paper reviews the application of big data and AI in the COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management decisions in China to explain how to apply big data and AI technology to address the common problems in the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the findings regarding the application of big data and AI technologies in sudden public health events lack validation of repeatability and universality, current studies in China have shown that the application of big data and AI is feasible in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies concluded that the application of big data and AI technology can contribute to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management decision making regarding sudden public health events in the future.
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Tseng RMWW, Tham YC, Rim TH, Cheng CY. Emergence of non-artificial intelligence digital health innovations in ophthalmology: A systematic review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:741-756. [PMID: 34235833 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The prominent rise of digital health in ophthalmology is evident in the current age of Industry 4.0. Despite the many facets of digital health, there has been a greater slant in interest and focus on artificial intelligence recently. Other major elements of digital health like wearables could also substantially impact patient-focused outcomes but have been relatively less explored and discussed. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the use of non-artificial intelligence digital health tools in ophthalmology. 53 papers were included in this systematic review - 25 papers discuss virtual or augmented reality, 14 discuss mobile applications and 14 discuss wearables. Most papers focused on the use of technologies to detect or rehabilitate visual impairment, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Overall, the findings on patient-focused outcomes with the adoption of these technologies are encouraging. Further validation, large-scale studies and earlier consideration of real-world barriers are warranted to enable better real-world implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tyler Hyungtaek Rim
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19: A Systematic umbrella review and roads ahead. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 37520766 PMCID: PMC8831917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has played a substantial role in the response to the challenges posed by the current pandemic. The growing interest in using AI to handle Covid-19 issues has accelerated the pace of AI research and resulted in an exponential increase in articles and review studies within a very short period of time. Hence, it is becoming challenging to explore the large corpus of academic publications dedicated to the global health crisis. Even with the presence of systematic review studies, given their number and diversity, identifying trends and research avenues beyond the pandemic should be an arduous task. We conclude therefore that after the one-year mark of the declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic, the accumulated scientific contribution lacks two fundamental aspects: Knowledge synthesis and Future projections. In contribution to fill this void, this paper is a (i) synthesis study and (ii) foresight exercise. The synthesis study aims to provide the scholars a consolidation of findings and a knowledge synthesis through a systematic review of the reviews (umbrella review) studying AI applications against Covid-19. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and other preprint sources from 1st December 2019 to 1st June 2021 for eligible reviews. The literature search and screening process resulted in 45 included reviews. Our findings reveal patterns, relationships, and trends in the AI research community response to the pandemic. We found that in the space of few months, the research objectives of the literature have developed rapidly from identifying potential AI applications to evaluating current uses of intelligent systems. Only few reviews have adopted the meta-analysis as a study design. Moreover, a clear dominance of the medical theme and the DNN methods has been observed in the reported AI applications. Based on its constructive systematic umbrella review, this work conducts a foresight exercise that tries to envision the post-Covid-19 research landscape of the AI field. We see seven key themes of research that may be an outcome of the present crisis and which advocate a more sustainable and responsible form of intelligent systems. We set accordingly a post-pandemic research agenda articulated around these seven drivers. The results of this study can be useful for the AI research community to obtain a holistic view of the current literature and to help prioritize research needs as we are heading toward the new normal.
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Sideris GA, Nikolakea M, Karanikola AE, Konstantinopoulou S, Giannis D, Modahl L. Imaging in the COVID-19 era: Lessons learned during a pandemic. World J Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v13.i6.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sideris GA, Nikolakea M, Karanikola AE, Konstantinopoulou S, Giannis D, Modahl L. Imaging in the COVID-19 era: Lessons learned during a pandemic. World J Radiol 2021; 13:192-222. [PMID: 34249239 PMCID: PMC8245753 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v13.i6.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a year of unprecedented changes, scientific breakthroughs, and controversies. The radiology community has not been spared from the challenges imposed on global healthcare systems. Radiology has played a crucial part in tackling this pandemic, either by demonstrating the manifestations of the virus and guiding patient management, or by safely handling the patients and mitigating transmission within the hospital. Major modifications involving all aspects of daily radiology practice have occurred as a result of the pandemic, including workflow alterations, volume reductions, and strict infection control strategies. Despite the ongoing challenges, considerable knowledge has been gained that will guide future innovations. The aim of this review is to provide the latest evidence on the role of imaging in the diagnosis of the multifaceted manifestations of COVID-19, and to discuss the implications of the pandemic on radiology departments globally, including infection control strategies and delays in cancer screening. Lastly, the promising contribution of artificial intelligence in the COVID-19 pandemic is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antonios Sideris
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
- Radiology Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Melina Nikolakea
- Radiology Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Konstantinopoulou
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi W13-01, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dimitrios Giannis
- Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, United States
| | - Lucy Modahl
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Lyu T, Prosperi M, Wang F, Xu H, Bian J. The application of artificial intelligence and data integration in COVID-19 studies: a scoping review. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 28:2050-2067. [PMID: 34151987 PMCID: PMC8344463 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize how artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied in COVID-19 research and determine whether these AI applications integrated heterogenous data from different sources for modeling. Materials and Methods We searched 2 major COVID-19 literature databases, the National Institutes of Health’s LitCovid and the World Health Organization’s COVID-19 database on March 9, 2021. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, 2 reviewers independently reviewed all the articles in 2 rounds of screening. Results In the 794 studies included in the final qualitative analysis, we identified 7 key COVID-19 research areas in which AI was applied, including disease forecasting, medical imaging-based diagnosis and prognosis, early detection and prognosis (non-imaging), drug repurposing and early drug discovery, social media data analysis, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data analysis, and other COVID-19 research topics. We also found that there was a lack of heterogenous data integration in these AI applications. Discussion Risk factors relevant to COVID-19 outcomes exist in heterogeneous data sources, including electronic health records, surveillance systems, sociodemographic datasets, and many more. However, most AI applications in COVID-19 research adopted a single-sourced approach that could omit important risk factors and thus lead to biased algorithms. Integrating heterogeneous data for modeling will help realize the full potential of AI algorithms, improve precision, and reduce bias. Conclusion There is a lack of data integration in the AI applications in COVID-19 research and a need for a multilevel AI framework that supports the analysis of heterogeneous data from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tianchen Lyu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Cancer Informatics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Imaging Cardiovascular Inflammation in the COVID-19 Era. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061114. [PMID: 34207266 PMCID: PMC8233709 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac complications are among the most frequent extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 and are associated with high mortality rates. Moreover, positive SARS-CoV-2 patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to require intensive care and are at higher risk of death. The underlying mechanism for myocardial injury is multifaceted, in which the severe inflammatory response causes myocardial inflammation, coronary plaque destabilization, acute thrombotic events, and ischemia. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the non-invasive method of choice for identifying myocardial injury, and it is able to differentiate between underlying causes in various and often challenging clinical scenarios. Multimodal imaging protocols that incorporate CMR and computed tomography provide a complex evaluation for both respiratory and cardiovascular complications of SARS-CoV2 infection. This, in relation to biological evaluation of systemic inflammation, can guide appropriate therapeutic management in every stage of the disease. The use of artificial intelligence can further improve the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging techniques, thus enabling risk stratification and evaluation of prognosis. The present manuscript aims to review the current knowledge on the possible modalities for imaging COVID-related myocardial inflammation or post-COVID coronary inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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