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Saffari M, Chen CY, Chen IH, Ruckwongpatr K, Griffiths MD, Potenza MN, Wang XL, Huang YT, Chen JS, Tsai CC, Lin CY. A comprehensive measure assessing different types of problematic use of the internet among Chinese adolescents: The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11). Compr Psychiatry 2024; 134:152517. [PMID: 39018815 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is prevalent, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Given the limited measures to assess specific types of PUI, which encompasses a broad spectrum of activities such as online gaming, social media use, pornography use, shopping, gambling, and web-streaming, Muller et al. (2022) developed the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) to comprehensively assess different types of PUI (i.e., gaming, shopping, social media use, gambling, and pornography use). The present study aimed to validate the Chinese ACSID-11 among adolescents incorporating cross-cultural adaptations. METHODS Using forward-backward translation method, a culturally adapted version of the ACSID-11 was prepared. Then, a cross-sectional online survey was administered between September 8 and September 26, 2023. Adolescents, using a convenience sample (N = 11,492; mean age = 16.42 years [SD ± 0.91]; 59.1% male), were recruited from six schools to complete the translated ACSID-11, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) via an online platform. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed convergent/discriminant validity. Factor structure and measurement invariance were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega tested internal consistency. RESULTS Associations between the ACSID-11 components and other scales supported convergent validity (i.e., ACSID-11 gaming scale with IGDS9-SF [0.37 ≤ r ≤ 0.41]; social networks use scale with BSMAS [0.24 ≤ r ≤ 0.31]) and discriminant validity (i.e., online gambling scale with BSMAS [0.16 ≤ r ≤ 0.19] and with SABAS [0.11 ≤ r ≤ 0.13]). A four-factor solution indicated good fit with comparative fit index (CFI) ranging from 0.982 to 0.958. The ACSID-11 was measurement invariant across sexes (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000) and different levels of related addictive behaviors (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000). Both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega (0.63 to 0.97) were acceptable for both frequency and intensity of responses. CONCLUSIONS The ACSID-11 is an appropriate scale to assess different kinds of PUI among Chinese adolescents and students. Psychometric assessment of the measure in other cultures and among clinical samples is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14345916417, Iran; Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14345916417, Iran
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; New Taipei City Tucheng Hospital (Chang Gung Medical Foundation), Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St., New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Rd., Suite 704, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 350 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, 200 South Frontage Rd., SHM C-303, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Xue Lian Wang
- Yancheng College of Mechatronic Technology, Yancheng 224006, China; International College, Krirk University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan.
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Kong W, Li Y, Luo A, Xie W. Status and Influencing Factors of Social Media Addiction in Chinese Workers: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48026. [PMID: 38446542 PMCID: PMC10959171 DOI: 10.2196/48026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media addiction (SMA) caused by excessive dependence on social media is becoming a global problem. At present, most of the SMA studies recruit college students as research participants, with very few studies involving workers and other age groups, especially in China. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the current status of SMA among Chinese workers and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS From November 1, 2022, to January 30, 2023, we conducted an anonymous web-based questionnaire survey in mainland China, and a total of 5176 participants completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Social Networking Service Addiction Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, as well as questionnaires regarding participants' social media use habits and demographic information. RESULTS Through strict screening, 3468 valid questionnaires were included in this study. The main findings of this study revealed the following: the average SMA score of workers was higher (mean 53.19, SD 12.04), and some of them (393/3468, 11.33%) relied heavily on social media; there were statistically significant differences in SMA scores among workers in different industries (F14,3453=3.98; P<.001); single workers (t3106=8.6; P<.001) and workers in a relationship (t2749=5.67; P<.001) had higher SMA scores than married workers, but some married workers (214/3468, 6.17%) were highly dependent on social media; the level of SMA among female workers was higher than that of male workers (t3466=3.65; P<.001), and the SMA score of workers negatively correlated with age (r=-0.22; P<.001) and positively correlated with education level (r=0.12; P<.001); the frequency of using social media for entertainment during work (r=0.33; P<.001) and the frequency of staying up late using social media (r=0.14; P<.001) were positively correlated with the level of SMA in workers; and the level of SMA in workers was significantly positively correlated with their level of burnout (r=0.35; P<.001), whereas it was significantly negatively correlated with their level of mindfulness (r=-0.55; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that SMA among Chinese workers is relatively serious and that the SMA problem among workers requires more attention from society and academia. In particular, female workers, young workers, unmarried workers, highly educated workers, workers with bad social media habits, workers with high levels of job burnout, and workers with low levels of mindfulness were highly dependent on social media. In addition, occupation is an important influencing factor in SMA. Thus, the government should strengthen the supervision of social media companies. Medical institutions should provide health education on SMA and offer intervention programs for those addicted to social media. Workers should cultivate healthy habits while using social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Kong
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, Central South University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center For Cardiovascular Intelligent Healthcare In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Aijing Luo
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, Central South University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center For Cardiovascular Intelligent Healthcare In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhao Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, Central South University, College of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center For Cardiovascular Intelligent Healthcare In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Nagata JM, Sajjad OM, Smith N, Zamora G, Dhama S, Al-shoaibi AA, Ganson KT, Testa A, Moreno MA, Kiss O, Baker FC, Jackson DB. Social Media Use and Alcohol Sipping in Early Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:971-976. [PMID: 38336620 PMCID: PMC11104428 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media can influence alcohol initiation behaviors such as sipping, which can lead to future adverse alcohol-related outcomes. Few studies have examined the role of problematic social media use, characterized by addiction, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse, especially in early adolescence. OBJECTIVE To examine the prospective association between social media use and sipping alcohol in a nationwide sample of early adolescents, and the extent to which problematic social media use mediates the association. METHODS We analyzed prospective data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (N = 7514; ages 9-10 years at baseline; 2016-2018) to estimate associations between social media time (Year 1) and alcohol sipping (Year 3) using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for confounders and testing problematic social media use (Year 2) as a mediator. RESULTS Social media time (Year 1) was prospectively associated with 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.20-1.43) times higher risk of new-onset sipping (Year 3). The association between social media time and new-onset alcohol sipping was partially mediated by problematic social media use at Year 2 (25.0% reduction in the association between the former two factors after adding problematic social media use, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Time spent on social media was associated with a higher risk of alcohol sipping in a diverse national sample of early adolescents, and the association was partially mediated by problematic social media use. Media literacy education and family media use plans could advise early adolescents about exposure to alcohol content on social media and warning signs for problematic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Omar M. Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Natalia Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sanya Dhama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Megan A. Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhu X, Zheng T, Ding L, Zhang X, Li Z, Jiang H. Exploring associations between social media addiction, social media fatigue, fear of missing out and sleep quality among university students: A cross-section study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292429. [PMID: 37796805 PMCID: PMC10553250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media use has been linked to poor sleep outcomes among university students in the cyber age, but the association between the negative consequences of social media use and sleep problems is not yet well understood. The present study investigated the relationships among social media usage, social media fatigue (SMF), fear of missing out (FoMO), social media addiction (SMA) and sleep quality in university students. METHOD An online survey was administered to 2744 respondents that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); questionnaires evaluating FoMO, SMF, and SMA; and questions regarding sleep duration, social media use, health status, and demographic information. RESULT A total of 19.9% of respondents suffered from sleep disturbance. A total of 15.6% of participants had sleep durations less than 5 h, and 21.6% of subjects had sleep durations longer than 9 h. Sleep quality was positively associated with SMF (OR = 1.387, 95% CI: 1.103~1.743), and SMA (OR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.118~1.791). The relationship between FoMO and sleep disturbance was not significant. Compared to a sleep duration > 9 h, SMF increased the risk of shorter sleep durations [5-6 h sleep (OR = 2.226, 95% CI: 1.132~4.375), 6-7 h sleep (OR = 1.458, 95% CI: 1.061~2.002), and 7-8 h sleep (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.007~1.670)]. FoMO and SMA did not significantly affect sleep duration. In addition, SMA (OR = 3.775, 95% CI: 3.141~4.537), FoMO (OR = 3.301, 95% CI: 2.753~3.958), and sleep disorders (OR = 1.284, 95% CI: 1.006~1.638) increased SMF. CONCLUSION Upon experiencing negative consequences of social media use, such as SMF and SMA, university students were likely to experience sleep problems. Further research exploring the interventions that improve sleep and alleviate negative consequences of social media use should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Taoyun Zheng
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihan Li
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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El-Ashry AM, Hussein Ramadan Atta M, Alsenany SA, Farghaly Abdelaliem SM, Abdelwahab Khedr M. The Effect of Distress Tolerance Training on Problematic Internet Use and Psychological Wellbeing Among Faculty Nursing Students: A Randomized Control Trial. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4015-4032. [PMID: 37790728 PMCID: PMC10544047 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s423194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Distress tolerance skills have the potential to decrease problematic internet use and improve psychological wellbeing by cognitive reframing and goal-oriented problem-solving. Aim To assess the impact of distress tolerance training on problematic internet use and psychological wellbeing among university nursing students. Methods A randomized control trial used at the faculty of nursing using simple random sampling method. Tools: Distress Tolerance Scale, problematic internet use questionnaire, and Ryff psychological wellbeing scale. Data were collected from 60 nursing students over a period of 4 months. Results Distress tolerance level was increased among study group from 20.75±14.29 to 72.75±24.09 and sustained for 3 months to 62.44 ±20.77 with statistically significant (f=7.090, p=0.006) and large effect size 0.75. When compared to no change among the control group as mean scare start by 22.35±14.29 to 23.44±16.09 and after 3 months to 21.75± 17.44 with insignificant difference (f=0.454, p=0.574). The mean score of problematic internet use shows highly statistically significant decrement in the study group between three period of time (pretest= 62.93, immediately post= 52.13, and post 3 months=52.70) with large effect size 0.78 (f=95.029, p<0.001), in compared to control group that showed insignificant no changes (pretest= 64.0±14.54, immediately post= 63.13±12.87, and post 3 months=63.53±11.36) with (f=1.012, p=0.332). In addition, the total mean score of psychological well-being was increased immediately after therapy and later for three months of therapy (pretest= 128.47, immediately post=148.77, and post 3 months= 153.60) with highly statistically significant (f=41.197, p<0.001) with effect size 0.85, compared to no change among control group (pretest=125.97±32.58, immediately post= 126.23±30.86, and post 3 months=126.43±29.78) with (f=0.208, p=0.698). Conclusion Efficacy of distress tolerance skills intervention had been proven in altering poor psychological wellbeing among students with problematic internet use. It helps students to learn new skills and use more adaptive strategies to overcome distress tolerance difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hussein Ramadan Atta
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samira Ahmed Alsenany
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem
- Department of Nursing Management and Education, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelwahab Khedr
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Peng P, Chen Z, Ren S, Liu Y, He R, Liang Y, Tan Y, Tang J, Chen X, Liao Y. Determination of the cutoff point for Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale for adolescents: a latent profile analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:675. [PMID: 37716941 PMCID: PMC10504767 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) is a validated 6-item measurement tool for assessing problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, the absence of established cutoff points for SABAS hinders its utilities. This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point for SABAS through latent profile analysis (LPA) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses among 63, 205. Chinese adolescents. Additionally, the study explored whether PSU screening with SABAS could effectively capture problematic social media use (PSMU) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). METHOD We recruited 63,205. adolescents using cluster sampling. Validated questionnaires were used to assess PSMU, IGD, and mental health (depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, well-being, resilience, and externalizing and internalizing problems). RESULTS LPA identified a 3-class model for PSU, including low-risk users (38.6%, n = 24,388.), middle-risk users (42.5%, n = 26,885.), and high-risk users (18.9%, n = 11,932.). High-risk users were regarded as "PSU cases" in ROC analysis, which demonstrated an optimal cut-off point of 23 (sensitivity: 98.1%, specificity: 96.8%). According to the cutoff point, 21.1% (n = 13,317.) were identified as PSU. PSU adolescents displayed higher PSMU, IGD, and worse mental health. PSU screening effectively captured IGD (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 84.5%) and PSMU (sensitivity: 84.5%, specificity: 80.2%). CONCLUSION A potential ideal threshold for utilizing SABAS to identify PSU could be 23 (out of 36). Employing SABAS as a screening tool for PSU holds the potential to reliably pinpoint both IGD and PSMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Silan Ren
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruini He
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yudiao Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Youguo Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
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de Sá RRC, Coelho S, Parmar PK, Johnstone S, Kim HS, Tavares H. A Systematic Review of Pharmacological Treatments for Internet Gaming Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:696-706. [PMID: 37559452 PMCID: PMC10460977 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an increasingly common behavioral addiction, with an estimated global prevalence of 3%. A variety of pharmacological treatments have been used to treat IGD, yet no review to date has synthesized clinical trials evaluating their efficacy. This systematic review therefore synthesized the literature reporting on clinical trials of pharmacological treatments for IGD. METHODS We reviewed articles from MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed Central, CINAHL, and PsycINFO that were published as of March of 2022. A total of 828 articles were retrieved for review and 12 articles were included, reporting on a total of 724 participants. RESULTS Most participants were male (98.6%), and all were currently living in South Korea. The most common drugs used to treat IGD were bupropion, methylphenidate, and a range of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The Young Internet Addiction Scale was the most frequently used to measure gaming-related outcomes. All studies reported reduced symptoms of IGD from pre- to post-treatment. Across all clinical trials, IGD symptom reductions following the administration of pharmacological treatments ranged from 15.4% to 51.4%. A risk of bias assessment indicated that only four studies had a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that a wide array of pharmacological interventions may be efficacious in the treatment of IGD. Future studies using double-blind randomized controlled trial designs, recruiting larger and more representative samples, and controlling for psychiatric comorbidities are needed to better inform understanding of pharmacological treatments for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Coelho
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Puneet Kaur Parmar
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha Johnstone
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hyoun Soo Kim
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hermano Tavares
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Stinson L, Dallery J. Reducing problematic social media use via a package intervention. J Appl Behav Anal 2023; 56:323-335. [PMID: 36782393 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Problematic social media use can be characterized as that which interferes with relationships, work, school, or sleep. Currently, there are no empirically supported treatments for reducing problematic social media use. We tested a package intervention to reduce the daily duration of social media use measured by a smartphone application with nine undergraduate students who scored as "addicted" to social media via a version of the Internet Addiction Test. The package intervention included contingency management, automated notifications of application use, and the selection of alternative activities. The package intervention was effective at reducing the daily duration of social media use to goal levels, or below, for all participants. Eight out of nine participants showed a decrease in their Internet Addiction Test scores from pre- to postintervention, and overall, participants did not show an increase in the time spent engaged in their selected alternative activities. These findings demonstrate that social media use is amenable to behavioral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesleigh Stinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesse Dallery
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Tanhan F, Özok Hİ, Kaya A, Yıldırım M. Mediating and moderating effects of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between social media addiction and phubbing. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36713623 PMCID: PMC9871432 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Presently, social media is widely used worldwide among different populations. Therefore, phubbing rapidly became a popular phenomenon in our daily life. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and interaction between social media use and phubbing. Therefore, this research examines the mediating and moderating role of cognitive flexibility in the association between social media addiction and phubbing. Participants were 385 university students (280 females) studying at a state university in eastern Turkey and completed the self-reported measures of cognitive flexibility, social media addiction, and phubbing. The results showed that cognitive flexibility mediated and moderated the effect of social media addiction on phubbing. These findings may contribute to the discussion around the psychological consequences of using social media alongside increasing awareness about factors affecting and explaining the association between social media use and phubbing, which have important implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University, Erzurum Yolu 4 Km 04100, Merkez, Ağrı, Turkey
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Common and specific risk factors for comorbidity types of problematic smartphone use in adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Hosokawa R, Nakachi K, Soga J, Ueno SI. Comorbid symptoms of internet addiction among adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder: a comparative study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Fumie Horiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Rie Hosokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Nakachi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Junya Soga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Chirico I, Volpato E, Landi G, Bassi G, Mancinelli E, Gagliardini G, Gemignani M, Gizzi G, Manari T, Moretta T, Rellini E, Saltarelli B, Mariani R, Musetti A. Maladaptive Daydreaming and Its Relationship with Psychopathological Symptoms, Emotion Regulation, and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use: a Network Analysis Approach. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe present
study investigated the patterns of mutual associations between maladaptive daydreaming-related variables (MD, i.e., interference with life and somatosensory retreat), psychopathological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism), emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU). A total of 531 young adults completed self-report measures through an online survey shared on social network groups. Two network models were performed on 297 young adults with probable MD (MDers) (Mage = 23.2, SD = 2.7) vs. 234 non-MDers (Mage = 23.4, SD = 2.6). Results showed that, compared to non-MDers, MDers showed significantly higher scores in all the study variables, except for cognitive reappraisal. Moreover, in the MDers network, the following patterns were identified: (i) no connections between the cluster of psychopathological symptoms, and neither cognitive reappraisal nor expressive suppression; (ii) a connection, through obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, between the cluster of psychopathological symptoms and MD-interference with life; and (iii) a connection between PSNSU and MD-interference with life. Accordingly, the Network Comparison Test evidenced that the network structures of MDers vs. non-MDers were significantly different (M = .24; p = .01). Overall, higher scores on psychopathological symptoms in MDers provide support to the assumption that MD is a clinical condition, in which OC symptoms may play a critical role. Additionally, the association of PSNSU and MD-interference with life suggests that MDers might rely on PSNSU as a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. Under this scenario, MD may be regarded as a potential vulnerability factor for PSNSU.
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Zhao J, Jia T, Wang X, Xiao Y, Wu X. Risk Factors Associated With Social Media Addiction: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837766. [PMID: 35496214 PMCID: PMC9046602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of social media is becoming a necessary daily activity in today’s society. Excessive and compulsive use of social media may lead to social media addiction (SMA). The main aim of this study was to investigate whether demographic factors (including age and gender), impulsivity, self-esteem, emotions, and attentional bias were risk factors associated with SMA. The study was conducted in a non-clinical sample of college students (N = 520), ranging in age from 16 to 23 years, including 277 females (53%) and 243 males (47%). All participants completed a survey measuring impulsivity, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, social anxiety, loneliness, and attentional bias. The final hierarchical regression model indicated significant risk factors for SMA with an accuracy of 38%. The identified set of associated risk factors included female gender (β = −0.21, t = −4.88, p < 0.001), impulsivity (β = 0.34, t = 8.50, p < 0.001), self-esteem (β = −0.20, t = −4.38, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.24, t = 4.43, p < 0.001), social anxiety (β = 0.25, t = 5.79, p < 0.001), and negative attentional biases (β = 0.31, t = 8.01, p < 0.001). Finally, a discussion of the results is presented, followed by corresponding recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, 987th Hospital of PLA, Baoji, China
| | - Xiuming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, 987th Hospital of PLA, Baoji, China
| | - Yiming Xiao
- School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingqu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, 987th Hospital of PLA, Baoji, China
- *Correspondence: Xingqu Wu,
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Zhu X, Xiong Z. Exploring Association Between Social Media Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Self-Presentation Online Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:896762. [PMID: 35633794 PMCID: PMC9136033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media addiction (SMA) is known to be associated with excess use of social media. However, few studies have focused on the links of self-presentation on social media, fear of missing out (FoMO) and SMA. The present study investigated the relationships of self-presentation, FoMO and SMA among university students. METHODS Online survey was conducted with 2,744 respondents, who completed online survey including social media use, FoMO and SMA. Self-presentation on social media and privacy information protection were assessed via researcher-designed questionnaires. Self-presentation on social media was composed of basic information shown on social media and expression willingness. Privacy information protection contained information viewed by others and privacy settings in social media platforms. RESULTS The most common information posted on social media were gender, hobby, age, personal photos, videos, and birthday. The most common social platforms with privacy setting were QQ zone (62.2%), WeChat (60.1%), and QQ (40.3%). FoMO (OR = 2.852, P = 0.000), information viewed by others (OR = 4.261, P = 0.000), managing a personal homepage (OR = 1.339, P = 0.002), accept a stranger's "friend request" (OR = 1.251, P = 0.028) and undergraduate students and above (OR = 1.439, P = 0.001) predicted expression willingness. FoMO (OR = 5.278, P = 0.000), information viewed by others (OR = 9.673, P = 0.000), privacy setting in QQ (OR = 0.817, P = 0.002) and in Tik Tok (OR = 0.536, P = 0.019) and female (OR = 0.588, P = 0.004) significantly influenced basic information shown on social media. Furthermore, FoMO (OR = 4.165, P = 0.000), expression willingness (OR = 1.645, P = 0.000), and information viewed by others (OR = 1.406, P = 0.000) positively affected the level of SMA. Risk of SMA increased as time spent on social media per day. However, basic information shown on social media did not significantly influence SMA. CONCLUSION In general, students with higher level of FoMO and expression willingness are more likely to experience SMA. These results highlight individual behaviors on social media should be considered as essential elements for assessing problematic engaging to social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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