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Ofori B, Twum S, Nkansah Yeboah S, Ansah F, Amofa Nketia Sarpong K. Towards the development of cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic tools for poverty-related infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17198. [PMID: 38915381 PMCID: PMC11195550 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we examine the current landscape of point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostic tools designed for poverty-related infectious diseases (PRIDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) while delineating key avenues for future advancements. Our analysis encompasses both established and emerging diagnostic methods for PRIDs, addressing the persistent challenges in POCT tool development and deployment, such as cost, accessibility, and reliability. We emphasize recent advancements in POCT diagnostic tools as well as platforms poised to enhance diagnostic testing in sSA. Recognizing the urgency for affordable and widely accessible POCT diagnostic tools to detect PRIDs in sSA, we advocate for a multidisciplinary approach. This approach integrates current and emerging diagnostic methods, explicitly addressing challenges hindering point-of-care (POC) tool development. Furthermore, it recognizes the profound impact of misdiagnosis on public and global health, emphasizing the need for effective tools. To facilitate the successful development and implementation of POCT diagnostic tools in sSA, we propose strategies including the creation of multi-analyte detection POCT tools, the implementation of education and training programs, community engagement initiatives, fostering public-private collaborations, and the establishment of reliable supply chains. Through these concerted efforts, we aim to accelerate the development of POCT in the sSA region, ensuring its effectiveness and accessibility in addressing the diagnostic challenges associated with PRIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Ofori
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Twum
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Silas Nkansah Yeboah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felix Ansah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Amofa Nketia Sarpong
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Moetlhoa B, Maluleke K, Mathebula EM, Kgarosi K, Nxele SR, Lenonyane B, Mashamba-Thompson T. REASSURED diagnostics at point-of-care in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001443. [PMID: 37276194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that meet the REASSURED criteria are essential in combating the rapid increase and severity of global health emergencies caused by infectious diseases. However, little is known about whether the REASSURED criteria are implemented in regions known to have a high burden of infectious diseases such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review maps evidence of the use of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests in SSA. The scoping review was guided by the advanced methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac et al. We searched the following electronic databases for relevant literature: Scopus, Dimensions, ProQuest Central, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, CINAHL, as well as AFRICA-WIDE). Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full-text articles using the inclusion criteria as reference. We appraised the quality of the included studies using the mixed-method appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018. We retrieved 138 publications, comprising 134 articles and four grey literature articles. Of these, only five articles were included following abstract and full-text screening. The five included studies were all conducted in SSA. The following themes emerged from the eligible articles: quality assurance on accuracy of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests, sustainability of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests, and local infrastructure capability for delivering REASSURED POC diagnostic tests to end users. All five articles had MMAT scores between 90% and 100%. In conclusion, our scoping review revealed limited published research on REASSURED diagnostics at POC in SSA. We recommend primary studies aimed at investigating the implementation of REASSURED POC diagnostic tests in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo Moetlhoa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kuhlula Maluleke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Evans M Mathebula
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Rapid Diagnostics, Infectious Diseases Emerging Markets, Abbot Rapid Diagnostics (Pty) Ltd, Sandton, South Africa
| | - Kabelo Kgarosi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Library Services, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Siphesihle R Nxele
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bonolo Lenonyane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Jin C, Wu Z, Molinski JH, Zhou J, Ren Y, Zhang JX. Plasmonic nanosensors for point-of-care biomarker detection. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100263. [PMID: 35514435 PMCID: PMC9062760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement of materials along with their fascinating properties play increasingly important role in facilitating the rapid progress in medicine. An excellent example is the recent development of biosensors based on nanomaterials that induce surface plasmon effect for screening biomarkers of various diseases ranging from cancer to Covid-19. The recent global pandemic re-confirmed the trend of real-time diagnosis in public health to be in point-of-care (POC) settings that can screen interested biomarkers at home, or literally anywhere else, at any time. Plasmonic biosensors, thanks to its versatile designs and extraordinary sensitivities, can be scaled into small and portable devices for POC diagnostic tools. In the meantime, efforts are being made to speed up, simplify and lower the cost of the signal readout process including converting the conventional heavy laboratory instruments into lightweight handheld devices. This article reviews the recent progress on the design of plasmonic nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomarker detection with a perspective of POC applications. After briefly introducing the plasmonic detection working mechanisms and devices, the selected highlights in the field focusing on the technology's design including nanomaterials development, structure assembly, and target applications are presented and analyzed. In parallel, discussions on the sensor's current or potential applicability in POC diagnosis are provided. Finally, challenges and opportunities in plasmonic biosensor for biomarker detection, such as the current Covid-19 pandemic and its testing using plasmonic biosensor and incorporation of machine learning algorithms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junhu Zhou
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
| | - Yundong Ren
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
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Tayipto Y, Liu Z, Mueller I, Longley RJ. Serology for Plasmodium vivax surveillance: A novel approach to accelerate towards elimination. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102492. [PMID: 34728377 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread causative agent of human malaria in the world. Despite the ongoing implementation of malaria control programs, the rate of case reduction has declined over the last 5 years. Hence, surveillance of malaria transmission should be in place to identify and monitor areas that require intensified malaria control interventions. Serological tools may offer additional insights into transmission intensity over parasite and entomological measures, especially as transmission levels decline. Antibodies can be detected in the host system for months to even years after parasite infections have been cleared from the blood, enabling malaria exposure history to be captured. Because the Plasmodium parasite expresses more than 5000 proteins, it is important to a) understand antibody longevity following infection and b) measure antibodies to more than one antigen in order to accurately inform on the exposure and/or immune status of populations. This review summarises current practices for surveillance of P. vivax malaria, the current state of research into serological exposure markers and their potential role for accelerating malaria elimination, and discusses further studies that need to be undertaken to see such technology implemented in malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanie Tayipto
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe Liu
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhea J Longley
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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A single snapshot multiplex immunoassay platform utilizing dense test lines based on engineered beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113388. [PMID: 34098362 PMCID: PMC8166042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Co-circulation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue fever has been reported. Accurate and timely multiplex diagnosis is required to prevent future pandemics. Here, we developed an innovative microfluidic chip that enables a snapshot multiplex immunoassay for timely on-site response and offers unprecedented multiplexing capability with an operating procedure similar to that of lateral flow assays. An open microchannel assembly of individually engineered microbeads was developed to construct nine high-density test lines, which can be imaged in a 1 mm2 field-of-view. Thus, simultaneous detection of multiple antibodies would be achievable in a single high-resolution snapshot. Next, we developed a novel pixel intensity-based imaging process to distinguish effective and non-specific fluorescence signals, thereby improving the reliability of this fluorescence-based immunoassay. Finally, the chip specifically identified and classified random combinations of arbovirus (Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies within 30 min. Therefore, we believe that this snapshot multiplex immunoassay chip is a powerful diagnostic tool to control current and future pandemics.
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Rong X, Ailing F, Xiaodong L, Jie H, Min L. Monitoring hepatitis B by using point-of-care testing: biomarkers, current technologies, and perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:195-211. [PMID: 33467927 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1876565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) are pandemic infectious diseases that seriously endanger human health, conventional diagnosis methods can not meet the requirements in resource-limited areas. The point of acre detection methods can easily resolve those problems. Herein, we review the most recent advances in POC-based hepatitis B detection methods and present some recommendations for future development. It aims to provide ideas for future research.Areas covered: Epidemiological data on Hepatitis B, conventional diagnostic methods for hepatitis B detection, some latest point of care detection methods for hepatitis B detection and list out the recommendations for future development.Expert opinion: This manuscript summarized traditional biomarkers of different hepatitis B stages and recent-developed POCT platforms (including microfluidic platforms and lateral-flow strips) and discuss the challenges associated with their use. Some emerging biomarkers that can be used in hepatitis B diagnosis are also listed. This manuscript has certain guiding significance to the development of hepatitis B detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Rong
- Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Feng Ailing
- Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Li Xiaodong
- Institute of Physics & Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Hu Jie
- Suzhou DiYinAn Biotech Co., Ltd. & Suzhou Innovation Center for Life Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Min
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Araújo TCVD, Souza MBD. Role of Primary Health Care teams in rapid testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104202113110i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This research aims at describing the professional practices of Primary Health Care teams regarding rapid tests for STDs. It follows a descriptive study under a quantitative approach; participants include 18 municipalities, 94 Basic Health Units, and 100 staff teams working on Family Health Strategies. The sample was composed of the managers and the staff members directly involved in the testing, while the variables included adhesion to the tests and factors regarding the testing process. Data collection was performed in loco through a semi-structured instrument. Rapid tests were offered by 93% of the teams, 78.5% offering the tests to any users. In 89.2% of the staff teams, the nurse was solely responsible for collecting tests; 55.9% of members did not feel confident about reporting on a positive result, while 63.1% of those who considered the community health agent the main form of outreach assessed their performance as inadequate. Treatment against syphilis accounts for 50.5%. There is fair adhesion to testing by part of the staff teams; the focus on the nurse, however, leads to an increase in their workload, highlighting their protagonism, leading to a reflection on professional practices and paving the way for different realities to be further investigated
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Sotnikov DV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Lateral Flow Serodiagnosis in the Double-Antigen Sandwich Format: Theoretical Consideration and Confirmation of Advantages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 21:E39. [PMID: 33374800 PMCID: PMC7795365 DOI: 10.3390/s21010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the presence in the blood of antibodies specific to the causative agent of a particular disease (serodiagnosis) is an effective approach in medical analytical chemistry. Serodiagnostics performed in the lateral flow immunoassay format (immunochromatography) meet the modern requirements for point-of-care testing and are supported by existing technologies of large-scale diagnostic tests production, thus increasing the amount of attention in a tense epidemiological situation. For traditional lateral flow serodiagnostics formats, a large number of nonspecific immunoglobulins in the sample significantly reduces the degree of detectable binding. To overcome these limitations, an assay based on the formation of immobilized antigen-specific antibody-labeled antigen complexes detection was proposed. However, the requirements for its implementation, providing maximum sensitivity, have not been established. This article describes the mathematical model for the above assay. The influence of the ratio of reagent concentrations on the analysis results is considered. It is noted that the formation of specific antibody complexes with several labeled antigens is the main limiting factor in reducing the detection limit, and methods are proposed to minimize this factor. Recommendations for the choice of the assay conditions, following from the analysis of the model, are confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V. Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
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Lee C, Noh J, O’Neal SE, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Handali S. Feasibility of a point-of-care test based on quantum dots with a mobile phone reader for detection of antibody responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007746. [PMID: 31589612 PMCID: PMC6797214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel and portable fluorescent sensor that integrates a lateral flow assay with a quantum dot (Qdots) label and a mobile phone reader for detection of specific antibodies in human serum. We evaluated the utility of this assay to test for antibodies to the Taenia solium rT24H antigen. It was a retrospective study by examining 112 positive human sera from patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) including samples from patients with single viable cyst (n = 18), two or more viable cysts (n = 71), and subarachnoid (racemose) cysts (n = 23). These samples were collected from previous study subjects in Lima, Peru under an approved study protocol in Peru. The sera were made anonymous under a protocol approved by the CDC Institutional Review Board. Definitive diagnosis of the subject was established by computed-tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. To test the specificity of the assay, we evaluated a panel of serum samples obtained from patients with other infections (n = 24), and serum samples from persons in the United States and Egypt who had not traveled outside their country, and therefore are presumed negative for cysticercosis (n = 128). The assay specificity in the negative panel was 99% (95–100%) while assay sensitivity was 89% (79–95%) in NCC patients with two or more viable cysts. Our assay has performance characteristics similar to those of traditional platforms for the detection of NCC and shows promise as a mobile phone reader-based point-of-care test for antibody detection. Point-of-care (POC) assays are important tools in control and elimination of parasitic diseases such as lymphatic filariasis, malaria, and leishmaniasis. Most POC assays use immunochromatographic and lateral flow assay principles with gold nanoparticles as a reporter. Assays based on gold nanoparticles usually provide qualitative or semi-quantitative results and have relatively low sensitivity. However, other reporter alternatives are available, including quantum dots (Qdots), up-converting phosphor nanoparticles, and superparamagnetic particles. We developed a Qdots-based test in a lateral flow assay format with a mobile phone reader to detect antibody responses, using neurocysticercosis (NCC) as a disease model, and found that the performance is similar to the traditional platform for detecting antibody responses in subjects with NCC. The incorporation of the mobile phone reader offers the advantage of portability and adaptability for use in areas where laboratories are not immediately accessible. This novel POC assay with mobile phone reader is a feasible option for antibody responses detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lee
- Medical College of Georgia, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Noh
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Seth E. O’Neal
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Armando E. Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Salamanca de Monterrico, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H. Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Sukwan Handali
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang YM, Trinh MP, Zheng Y, Guo K, Jimenez LA, Zhong W. Analysis of circulating non-coding RNAs in a non-invasive and cost-effective manner. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 117:242-262. [PMID: 32292220 PMCID: PMC7156030 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in regulation of gene expression, and are highly relevant to pathological development. They are found to be stably present in diverse body fluids, including those in the circulatory system, which can be sampled non-invasively for clinical tests. Thus, circulating ncRNAs have great potential to be disease biomarkers. However, tremendous efforts are desired to discover and utilize ncRNAs as biomarkers in clinical diagnosis, calling for technological advancement in analysis of circulating ncRNAs in biospecimens. Hence, this review summarizes the recent developments in this area, highlighting the works devoted to cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Three main directions are focused: 1) Extraction and purification of ncRNAs from body fluids; 2) Quantification of the purified circulating ncRNAs; and 3) Microfluidic platforms for integration of both steps to enable point-of-care diagnostics. These technologies have laid a solid foundation to move forward the applications of circulating ncRNAs in disease diagnosis and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael Patrick Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yongzan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kaizhu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Luis A. Jimenez
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Mohd Hanafiah K, Garcia ML, Anderson DA. An Observational Case-Control Study to Determine Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Host Factor Influence on Biomarker Distribution and Serodiagnostic Potential in Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:E57. [PMID: 30935095 PMCID: PMC6630477 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of host factors, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, on the distribution and diagnostic potential of previously evaluated biomarkers of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), such as anti-antigen 60 (A60) immunoglobulin (Ig) G, anti-A60 IgA, and C-reactive protein (CRP), remain unclear. Anti-A60 IgG, anti-A60 IgA, and CRP in PTB and non-PTB patient sera (n = 404, including smear-positive/negative, culture-positive (SPCP/SNCP) and HIV+ve/-ve) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay and statistically analysed. In multinomial logistic regression, expectoration, chest pain, wasting, and culture count positively associated with CRP (p < 0.001), while smear count positively associated with anti-A60 IgG (p = 0.090). Expectoration and enlarged lymph nodes negatively associated with anti-A60 IgA (p = 0.018). Biomarker distribution and diagnostic potential varied significantly by symptoms and bacilli burden, and across different PTB subpopulations. CRP was correlated poorly with anti-A60 antibodies, while anti-A60 IgA and IgG were correlated in non-tuberculosis (TB) and SPCP patients (p < 0.001). When combined, anti-A60 IgG and CRP best discriminated SPCP/HIV-ve from non-TB (AUC: 0.838, 95% CI: 0.783⁻0.894), while anti-A60 IgA and CRP performed best in discriminating HIV+ve PTB from non-TB (AUC: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.598⁻0.777). Combined CRP and anti-A60 antibodies had significantly reduced accuracy in SNCP and SNCP/HIV+ve compared to SPCP/HIV-ve subpopulations. The complex relationships between host factors and biomarkers suggest their limited utility, especially in SNCP/HIV+ve subpopulations, highlighting the importance of examining host response and immune biomarkers across relevant patient subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11600, Malaysia.
- Department of Immunology, Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mary Louise Garcia
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia.
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Hanafiah KM. Communicating Science: A Shared Responsibility. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:1-5. [PMID: 30914858 PMCID: PMC6419891 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaysia faces increasing alienation of science in the community. While this is a global and multifaceted issue, science communication plays a pivotal role in making science more intuitive for the general public. Scientific communication requires brevity and accuracy—targeted to an interested audience hungry for details. Conversely, science communication requires conveying the bigger picture with clarity and impact—targeted to an audience that needs to be courted by an idea. The challenge for scientists and academics is to find a balance between details sufficient to carry the scientific “truth”, while appeasing the human desire for ease and simplicity. Critically, science communication is a powerful device to tackle the increasingly urgent challenge of sustaining scientific progress in a post-truth era. Here, I discuss the role of scientists, key elements of science communication, and propose instruction of Philosophy of Science and debate to equip scientists with the crucial skills required for impactful science communication.
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Arifin N, Hanafiah KM, Ahmad H, Noordin R. Serodiagnosis and early detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 52:371-378. [PMID: 30482708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a major neglected tropical disease with the potential of causing lifelong infection and mortality. One of the ways for effective control of this disease is developing improved diagnostics, particularly using serological approaches. A serological test can achieve high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, has the potential for point-of-care translation, and can be used as a screening tool for early detection. More research is needed to find clinically important antibody biomarkers for early disease detection, mapping, and epidemiological surveillance. This article summarizes human strongyloidiasis and the available diagnostic tools for the disease, focusing on describing the current antibody assays for strongyloidiasis. Finally, prospects of developing a more effective serodiagnostic tool for strongyloidiasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsyahida Arifin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hussain Ahmad
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Momčilović S, Cantacessi C, Arsić-Arsenijević V, Otranto D, Tasić-Otašević S. Rapid diagnosis of parasitic diseases: current scenario and future needs. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:290-309. [PMID: 29730224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic diseases are one of the world's most devastating and prevalent infections, causing millions of morbidities and mortalities annually. In the past, many of these infections have been linked predominantly to tropical or subtropical areas. Nowadays, however, climatic and vector ecology changes, a significant increase in international travel, armed conflicts, and migration of humans and animals have influenced the transmission of some parasitic diseases from 'book pages' to reality in developed countries. It has also been noted that many patients who have never travelled to endemic areas suffer from blood-borne infections caused by protozoa. In the light of existing knowledge, this new trend can be explained by the fact that in the process of migration a large number of asymptomatic carriers become a part of the blood bank donor and transplant donor populations. Accurate and rapid diagnosis represents the crucial weapon in the fight against parasitic infections. AIMS To review old and new approaches for rapid diagnosis of parasitic infections. SOURCES Data for this review were obtained through searches of PubMed using combinations of the following terms: parasitological diagnostics, microscopy, lateral flow assays, immunochromatographic assays, multiplex-PCR, and transplantation. CONTENT In this review, we provide a brief account of the advantages and limitations of rapid methods for diagnosis of parasitic diseases and focus our attention on current and future research in this area. The approximate costs associated with the use of different techniques and their applicability in endemic and non-endemic areas are also discussed. IMPLICATIONS Microscopy remains the cornerstone of parasitological diagnostics, especially in the field and low-resource settings, and provides epidemiological assessment of parasite burden. However, increased use and availability of point-of-care tests and molecular assays in modern era allow more rapid and accurate diagnoses and increased sensitivity in the identification of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Momčilović
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia.
| | - C Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - V Arsić-Arsenijević
- Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy
| | - S Tasić-Otašević
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia; Center of Microbiology and Parasitology, Public Health Institute Niš, Serbia
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15
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Fernández-Carballo BL, McBeth C, McGuiness I, Kalashnikov M, Baum C, Borrós S, Sharon A, Sauer-Budge AF. Continuous-flow, microfluidic, qRT-PCR system for RNA virus detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:33-43. [PMID: 29116351 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the diagnosis of infectious diseases is the need for rapid and accurate detection of the causative pathogen in any setting. Rapid diagnosis is key to avoiding the spread of the disease, to allow proper clinical decisions to be made in terms of patient treatment, and to mitigate the rise of drug-resistant pathogens. In the last decade, significant interest has been devoted to the development of point-of-care reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platforms for the detection of RNA-based viral pathogens. We present the development of a microfluidic, real-time, fluorescence-based, continuous-flow reverse transcription PCR system. The system incorporates a disposable microfluidic chip designed to be produced industrially with cost-effective roll-to-roll embossing methods. The chip has a long microfluidic channel that directs the PCR solution through areas heated to different temperatures. The solution first travels through a reverse transcription zone where RNA is converted to complementary DNA, which is later amplified and detected in real time as it travels through the thermal cycling area. As a proof of concept, the system was tested for Ebola virus detection. Two different master mixes were tested, and the limit of detection of the system was determined, as was the maximum speed at which amplification occurred. Our results and the versatility of our system suggest its promise for the detection of other RNA-based viruses such as Zika virus or chikungunya virus, which constitute global health threats worldwide. Graphical abstract Photograph of the RT-PCR thermoplastic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leticia Fernández-Carballo
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA.,Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramón Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christine McBeth
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Ian McGuiness
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Maxim Kalashnikov
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA
| | - Christoph Baum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Steinbachstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramón Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre Sharon
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA.,Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alexis F Sauer-Budge
- Fraunhofer USA - Center for Manufacturing Innovation, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Mohd Hanafiah K, Arifin N, Bustami Y, Noordin R, Garcia M, Anderson D. Development of Multiplexed Infectious Disease Lateral Flow Assays: Challenges and Opportunities. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:E51. [PMID: 28880218 PMCID: PMC5617951 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the mainstay of rapid point-of-care diagnostics, with the potential to enable early case management and transform the epidemiology of infectious disease. However, most LFAs only detect single biomarkers. Recognizing the complex nature of human disease, overlapping symptoms and states of co-infections, there is increasing demand for multiplexed systems that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Due to innate limitations in the design of traditional membrane-based LFAs, multiplexing is arguably limited to a small number of biomarkers. Here, we summarize the need for multiplexed LFA, key technical and operational challenges for multiplexing, inherent in the design and production of multiplexed LFAs, as well as emerging enabling technologies that may be able to address these challenges. We further identify important areas for research in efforts towards developing multiplexed LFAs for more impactful diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Yazmin Bustami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mary Garcia
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - David Anderson
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
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17
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Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. Portable devices and mobile instruments for infectious diseases point-of-care testing. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:471-494. [PMID: 28343420 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1310619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapidity, simplicity, and portability are highly desirable characteristics of tests and devices designed for performing diagnostics at the point of care (POC), either near patients managed in healthcare facilities or to offer bioanalytical alternatives in external settings. By reducing the turnaround time of the diagnostic cycle, POC diagnostics can reduce the dissemination, morbidity, and mortality of infectious diseases and provide tools to control the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Areas covered: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar, and extensive mining of specialized publications, Internet resources, and manufacturers' websites have been used to organize and write this overview of the challenges and requirements associated with the development of portable sample-to-answer diagnostics, and showcase relevant examples of handheld devices, portable instruments, and less mobile systems which may or could be operated at POC. Expert commentary: Rapid (<1 h) diagnostics can contribute to control infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Portable devices or instruments enabling sample-to-answer bioanalysis can provide rapid, robust, and reproducible testing at the POC or close from it. Beyond testing, to realize some promises of personalized/precision medicine, it will be critical to connect instruments to healthcare data management systems, to efficiently link decentralized testing results to the electronic medical record of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bissonnette
- a Centre de recherche en infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada
| | - Michel G Bergeron
- a Centre de recherche en infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada.,b Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie , Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada
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18
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O'Brien-Simpson NM, Burgess K, Lenzo JC, Brammar GC, Darby IB, Reynolds EC. Rapid Chair-Side Test for Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:618-625. [PMID: 28182517 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517691720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen of chronic periodontitis, and its intraoral levels have been shown to predict disease progression (activity). An accurate and sensitive chair-side (point of care) test to determine disease activity is critical for early intervention and clinical management of disease. This study aimed to develop a rapid, chair-side, saliva-based detection of P. gingivalis. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the A1-adhesin domain of the P. gingivalis RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and microbial flow cytometry, with 2 mAbs shown to recognize all laboratory and clinical strains tested, without significantly cross-reacting with other oral bacteria tested. With these mAbs, an immunochromatographic device was produced and shown in preclinical studies to detect, in inoculated saliva, all P. gingivalis laboratory strains and clinical isolates tested. The device was able to detect ≥1 × 105 P. gingivalis cells/mL. In a patient age- and sex-matched control clinical cohort, P. gingivalis levels in saliva-as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction-positively correlated with P. gingivalis levels in subgingival plaque ( r = 0.819, P < 0.01) and clinical parameters of disease ( r = 0.633, P < 0.01). A positive device result strongly correlated with P. gingivalis levels >1 × 105 cells/mL in saliva ( r = 0.778, P < 0.001) and subgingival plaque ( r = 0.715, P < 0.001) with sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive values, and accuracy levels of 95.0%, 93.3%, 90.5%, 96.6%, and 94.0%, respectively. The device result also positively correlated ( r = 0.695, P < 0.01) with disease severity as measured by probing depth. Detection of P. gingivalis in saliva was found to be rapid, taking 3 min from sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M O'Brien-Simpson
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Burgess
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J C Lenzo
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G C Brammar
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I B Darby
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E C Reynolds
- 1 Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. The GenePOC Platform, a Rational Solution for Extreme Point-of-Care Testing. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E94. [PMID: 30404270 PMCID: PMC6189873 DOI: 10.3390/mi7060094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extreme point-of-care (POC) testing for infections, as performed (endured) in low-resource settings, developing countries, tropical areas, or in conditions following emergency crises or natural disasters, must be undertaken under environmental, logistic, and societal conditions which impose a significant deal of stress on local human populations and healthcare providers. For disease diagnostics or management, simple and robust biomedical equipment and reagents are required and needed. This chapter aims to overview some of these stresses (requirements) and intends to describe some of the solutions already engineered at the heart of centripetal (centrifugal) microfluidic platforms such as that of GenePOC Inc. to enable rapid, robust, and reproducible nucleic acid-based diagnostics of infectious diseases, to better control the morbidity and mortality of infections and the expanding threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bissonnette
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Michel G Bergeron
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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20
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Kwon K, Kim C, Lee J, Kim H, Ree M. Self-Assembly-Assisted Biomolecule-Enriched Surface and High Selectivity Performance of Simple Solution-Coatable Biomimicking Brush Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:974-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang Accelerator
Laboratory, Polymer Research Institute, and BK School of Molecular
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsub Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang Accelerator
Laboratory, Polymer Research Institute, and BK School of Molecular
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang Accelerator
Laboratory, Polymer Research Institute, and BK School of Molecular
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Kim
- Department
of Microbiology and Dongguk Medical Institute, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang Accelerator
Laboratory, Polymer Research Institute, and BK School of Molecular
Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kempsell KE, Ball G, Szakmany T. Issues in biomarker identification, validation and development for disease diagnostics in Public Health. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:383-6. [PMID: 26680111 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1133300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Kempsell
- a Diagnostic Technologies Group, Infection Services , Health Protection Agency Porton , Salisbury , Wiltshire , UK
| | - Graham Ball
- b School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
| | - Tamas Szakmany
- c Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine , Cardiff University, Heath Park Campus , Cardiff , UK.,d Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Gwent Hospital , Aneurin Bevan University Health Board , Newport , UK
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22
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Sánchez-Ovejero C, Benito-Lopez F, Díez P, Casulli A, Siles-Lucas M, Fuentes M, Manzano-Román R. Sensing parasites: Proteomic and advanced bio-detection alternatives. J Proteomics 2016; 136:145-56. [PMID: 26773860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have a great impact in human and animal health. The gold standard for the diagnosis of the majority of parasitic infections is still conventional microscopy, which presents important limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity and commonly requires highly trained technicians. More accurate molecular-based diagnostic tools are needed for the implementation of early detection, effective treatments and massive screenings with high-throughput capacities. In this respect, sensitive and affordable devices could greatly impact on sustainable control programmes which exist against parasitic diseases, especially in low income settings. Proteomics and nanotechnology approaches are valuable tools for sensing pathogens and host alteration signatures within microfluidic detection platforms. These new devices might provide novel solutions to fight parasitic diseases. Newly described specific parasite derived products with immune-modulatory properties have been postulated as the best candidates for the early and accurate detection of parasitic infections as well as for the blockage of parasite development. This review provides the most recent methodological and technological advances with great potential for bio-sensing parasites in their hosts, showing the newest opportunities offered by modern "-omics" and platforms for parasite detection and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-Ovejero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adriano Casulli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, - 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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23
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Fatin MF, Ruslinda AR, Md Arshad MK, Tee KK, Ayub RM, Hashim U, Kamarulzaman A, Gopinath SCB. HIV-1 Tat biosensor: Current development and trends for early detection strategies. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:358-366. [PMID: 26655174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected almost 35 million people worldwide. Various tests have been developed to detect the presence of HIV during the early stages of the disease in order to reduce the risk of transmission to other humans. The HIV-1 Tat protein is one of the proteins present in HIV that are released abundantly approximately 2-4 weeks after infection. In this review, we have outlined various strategies for detecting the Tat protein, which helps transcribe the virus and enhances replication. Detection strategies presented include immunoassays, biosensors and gene expression, which utilize antibodies or aptamers as common probes to sense the presence of Tat. Alternatively, measuring the levels of gene transcription is a direct method of analysing the HIV gene to confirm the presence of Tat. By detection of the Tat protein, virus transmission can be detected in high-risk individuals in the early stages of the disease to reduce the risk of an HIV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Fatin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - A R Ruslinda
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - M K Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - K K Tee
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R M Ayub
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - U Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - A Kamarulzaman
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
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25
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Shi X, Wen J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Li X, Yu HZ. DNA molecular beacon-based plastic biochip: a versatile and sensitive scanometric detection platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21788-21797. [PMID: 24852130 DOI: 10.1021/am5007029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a novel DNA molecular beacon (MB)-based plastic biochip platform for scanometric detection of a range of analytical targets. Hairpin DNA strands, which are dually modified with amino and biotin groups at their two ends are immobilized on a disposable plastic (polycarbonate) substrate as recognition element and gold nanoparticle-assisted silver-staining as signal reading protocol. Initially, the immobilized DNA probes are in their folded forms; upon target binding the hairpin secondary structure of the probe strand is "forced" open (i.e., converted to the unfolded state). Nanogold-streptavidin conjugates can then bind the terminal biotin groups and promote the deposition of rather large silver particles which can be either directly visualized or quantified with a standard flatbed scanner. We demonstrate that with properly designed probe sequences and optimized preparation conditions, a range of molecular targets, such as DNA strands, proteins (thrombin) and heavy metal ions (Hg(2+)), can be detected with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity. The detection can be done in both standard physiological buffers and real world samples. This constitutes a platform technology for performing rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, and point-of-care (POC) chemical analysis and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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26
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Gaydos C, Hardick J. Point of care diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections: perspectives and advances. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:657-72. [PMID: 24484215 PMCID: PMC4065592 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.880651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and inexpensive point-of-care (POC) tests are urgently needed to control sexually transmitted infection epidemics, so that patients can receive immediate diagnoses and treatment. Current POC assays for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae perform inadequately and require better assays. Diagnostics for Trichomonas vaginalis rely on wet preparation, with some notable advances. Serological POC assays for syphilis can impact resource-poor settings, with many assays available, but only one available in the U.S. HIV POC diagnostics demonstrate the best performance, with excellent assays available. There is a rapid assay for HSV lesion detection; but no POC serological assays are available. Despite the inadequacy of POC assays for treatable bacterial infections, application of technological advances offers the promise of advancing POC diagnostics for all sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hardick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Abstract
Point-of-care applications are gaining increasing interest in clinical diagnostics and emergency applications. Biosensors are used to monitor the biomolecular interaction process between a disease biomarker and a recognition element such as a reagent. Essential are the quality and selectivity of the recognition elements and assay types used to improve sensitivity and to avoid nonspecific interactions. In addition, quality measures are influenced by the detection principle and the evaluation strategies. For these reasons, this review provides a survey and validation of recognition elements, assays, and various types of detection methods for point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms. Common applications of clinical parameters are discussed and considered. In this ever-changing field, a snapshot of current applications is needed. We provide such a snapshot by way of a table including literature citations and also discuss these applications in more detail throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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28
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Lucas M, Gaudieri S. The role of biomarkers in the prevention of globally important diseases. Biomark Med 2013; 7:331-2. [PMID: 23734794 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Lucas
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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