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Vaseghi A, Parchin RA, Chamanie KR, Herb M, Maleki H, Sadeghizadeh M. Encapsulation of propolis extracted with methylal in the chitosan nanoparticles and its antibacterial and cell cytotoxicity studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38641781 PMCID: PMC11027551 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study we develop novel type of antibacterial chitosan-propolis NPs to improve theantimicrobial activity against various pathogens. To this aim, we primarily extracted propolis with methylal and ethanol as green solvents and its encapsulation with chitosan NPs. The developed propolis loaded chitosan NPs indicated antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against various gram positive and negative. FTIR revealed the successful encapsulation of the propolis extract with Ethanol (PE) and Methylal (PM) into the chitosan nano career matrix. HPLC and GC-MASS also confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenols compounds of propolis extracted with both solvents. In addition, we confirmed the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in propolis by calorimetric method of Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride complex formation assays, respectively. PE-CH and PM-CH were optimized regarding physicochemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, and poly dispersity index (PDI) index. DLS and SEM micrographs confirmed a spherical morphology in a range of 360-420 nm with Z potential values of 30-48 mV and PDI of 0.105-0.166 for PE-CH and PM-CH, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was evaluated using colorimetric analysis, with median values ranging from 90 to 92%. The MIC values within the range of 2 to 230 µg/ml and MBC values between 3 to 346 μg/ml against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. While both PE and PM showed a significant reduction in the number of E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, the use of PE-CH and PM-CH led to a statistically significant and greater reduction in number of E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis strains on the biofilm, pre-formed biofilm and planktonic phases. Besides, the DPPH assay showed significant antioxidant activity for these NPs within the range of 36 to 92%. MTT assay for MHFB-1, HFF, L929, MDF, and MCF-7 cells exhibited statistically significant differences in each other that show the IC50 between 60-160 µg/ml for normal cells and 20 for cancer cells. Finally the present study indicated that both PM and PM-CH greater than PE and PE-CH in which contain high flavonoid and phenolic contents with a high antioxidation potential antioxidant properties, which could be beneficial for cell proliferation and antibiotic and anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Vaseghi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ashrafi Parchin
- Excir Faravaran Sabalan Company, Ardabil Science and Technology Park, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50935, Germany
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50939, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Center, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad St, Tehran, Iran.
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Almutairi H, Albahadel H, Alhifany AA, Aldalbahi H, Alnezary FS, Alqusi I, Mobark MA, Saeed Almutairi M. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at a maternity and children hospital in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102001. [PMID: 38439950 PMCID: PMC10909782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pathogens are considered a serious global health threat, leading to increased mortality and antimicrobial resistance. Rates in Saudi Arabia remain high, necessitating continuous surveillance. This study investigates MRSA prevalence and susceptibility at a Saudi maternity and children's hospital. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on pediatric (<18 years) and maternal patients with S. aureus infection from Jan. 2020 to March. 2022. Bacterial strains were obtained from patient's clinical specimens and was identified by standard method. The BD Phoenix™ M50 was used for antibiotic susceptibility tests and MRSA detection. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) with SPSS software. Results Out of 152 S. aureus cases, 114/152 (75 %) were pediatric and 38/152 (25 %) were maternal patients. The overall MRSA infection was 69/152 (45.4 %). Among pediatrics, 31/54 (57.4 %) MRSA cases were female; over 30/54 (56 %) were under 1 year old; and most MRSA infections were obtained from skin 29/54 (53.7 %) compared to other sites of infections (p = 0.024). Among maternal cases, 15/38 (39.5 %) were MRSA, primarily from wound infections 14/15 (93.3 %) compared to other sites of infections (p = 0.39). All MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. While 51/60(85 %) were sensitive to Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion This investigation found a high prevalence of MRSA among pediatrics and maternal inpatients, indicating a significant burden. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin but demonstrated variable sensitivity to other antibiotics. These findings highlight the need for ongoing surveillance, infection control strategies, and research into alternative treatment options to combat this major public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiah Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Albatin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heyam Albahadel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alhifany
- Pharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Aldalbahi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris S. Alnezary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alqusi
- Laboratory Department, Maternity and Children Hospital in Buraydah City, Ministry of Health, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mugahid A. Mobark
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masaad Saeed Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Keneh NK, Kenmoe S, Bowo-Ngandji A, Tatah Kihla Akoachere JF, Gonsu Kamga H, Ndip RN, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Ndé C, Mbaga DS, Tendongfor N, Ndip LM, Esemu SN. A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296267. [PMID: 38134014 PMCID: PMC10745167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon. METHODS The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs. RESULTS The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene Kaah Keneh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Sebastien Kenmoe
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Arnol Bowo-Ngandji
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland Ndip Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo
- Center for Research in Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cyprien Kengne-Ndé
- Epidemiological Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Unit, National AIDS Control Committee, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Lucy Mande Ndip
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
| | - Seraphine Nkie Esemu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Buea, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon
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4
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Fries F, Kany AM, Rasheed S, Hirsch AKH, Müller R, Herrmann J. Impact of Drug Administration Routes on the In Vivo Efficacy of the Natural Product Sorangicin a Using a Staphylococcus aureus Infection Model in Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12791. [PMID: 37628971 PMCID: PMC10454396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections, and it is one of the leading pathogens responsible for deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance, the rapid spread of which among S. aureus urges the discovery of new antibiotics. The evaluation of in vivo efficacy of novel drug candidates is usually performed using animal models. Recently, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have become increasingly attractive in early drug discovery. Herein, we established a zebrafish embryo model of S. aureus infection for evaluation of in vivo efficacy of novel potential antimicrobials. A local infection was induced by microinjecting mCherry-expressing S. aureus Newman followed by treatment with reference antibiotics via microinjection into different injection sites as well as via waterborne exposure to study the impact of the administration route on efficacy. We successfully used the developed model to evaluate the in vivo activity of the natural product sorangicin A, for which common mouse models were not successful due to fast degradation in plasma. In conclusion, we present a novel screening platform for assessing in vivo activity at the antibiotic discovery stage. Furthermore, this work provides consideration for the choice of an appropriate administration route based on the physicochemical properties of tested drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fries
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.F.); (A.M.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.H.H.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Kany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.F.); (A.M.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.H.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Sari Rasheed
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.F.); (A.M.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.H.H.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.F.); (A.M.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.H.H.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.F.); (A.M.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.H.H.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.F.); (A.M.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.H.H.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Phage Therapy as an Alternative Treatment Modality for Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020286. [PMID: 36830196 PMCID: PMC9952150 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and use of antibiotics increased significantly after the Second World War due to their effectiveness against bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance also emerged and has now become an important global issue. Those most in need are typically high-risk and include individuals who experience burns and other wounds, as well as those with pulmonary infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp, and Staphylococci. With investment to develop new antibiotics waning, finding and developing alternative therapeutic strategies to tackle this issue is imperative. One option remerging in popularity is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This review focuses on Staphylococcus aureus and how it has developed resistance to antibiotics. It also discusses the potential of phage therapy in this setting and its appropriateness in high-risk people, such as those with cystic fibrosis, where it typically forms a biofilm.
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6
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Gómez-Mejia A, Arnold K, Bär J, Singh KD, Scheier TC, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS, Sinues P. Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae by real-time analysis of volatile metabolites. iScience 2022; 25:105080. [PMID: 36157573 PMCID: PMC9490032 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of pathogenic bacteria is needed for rapid diagnostics allowing adequate and timely treatment of infections. In this study, we show that secondary electrospray ionization–high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) can be used as a diagnostic tool for rapid detection of bacterial infections as a supportive system for current state-of-the-art diagnostics. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by growing S. aureus or S. pneumoniae cultures on blood agar plates were detected within minutes and allowed for the distinction of these two bacteria on a species and even strain level within hours. Furthermore, we obtained a fingerprint of clinical patient samples within minutes of measurement and predominantly observed a separation of samples containing live bacteria compared to samples with no bacterial growth. Further development of this technique may reduce the time required for microbiological diagnosis and should help to improve patient’s tailored treatment. Real-time mass spectrometry shows potential as a tool for microbiological diagnosis Bacterial volatile metabolites from 1 × 103 CFUs are detected within minutes S. aureus and S. pneumoniae can be distinguished on species and even strain level Complex clinical samples cluster according to presence or absence of viable bacteria
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gómez-Mejia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim Arnold
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Julian Bär
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kapil Dev Singh
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Scheier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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7
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Mohamadou M, Essama SR, Ngonde Essome MC, Akwah L, Nadeem N, Gonsu Kamga H, Sattar S, Javed S. High prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive, multidrug resistant, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains circulating among clinical setups in Adamawa and Far North regions of Cameroon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265118. [PMID: 35802616 PMCID: PMC9269376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the earliest pathogens involved in human infections, responsible for a large variety of pathologies. Methicillin was the first antibiotic used to treat infections due to S. aureus but infections due to Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) originated from hospital settings. Later, severe infections due to MRSA without any contact with the hospital environment or health care workers arose. Prevalence of MRSA has shown an alarming increase worldover including Cameroon. This Cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of MRSA infections in five different, most frequented Hospitals in northern Cameroon. Socio demographic data was recorded through questionnaire and different clinical specimens were collected for bacterial isolation. Identification of S. aureus was confirmed via 16s rRNA amplification using S. aureus specific primers. Molecular characterisation was performed through mecA gene, Luk PV gene screening and SCCmec typing. A total of 380 S. aureus clinical isolates were obtained of which 202 (53.2%) were nonduplicate multidrug resistant isolates containing, 45.5% MRSA. Higher number of MRSA was isolated from pus (30.4%) followed by blood culture (18.5%), and urine (17.4%). Patients aged 15 to 30 years presented high prevalence of MRSA (30.4%). Majority isolates (97.8%) carried the mecA gene, PVL toxin screening indicated 53.3% isolates carried the lukPV gene. Based on PVL detection and clinical history, CA-MRSA represented 53.3% of isolates. SCCmec typing showed that the Type IV was most prevalent (29.3%), followed by type I (23.9%). Amongst MRSA isolates high resistance to penicillin (91.1%), cotrimoxazole (86.7%), tetracycline (72.2%), and ofloxacin (70.0%) was detected. Meanwhile, rifampicin, fusidic acid, lincomycin and minocycline presented high efficacy in bacterial control. This study revealed a high prevalence of MRSA among infections due to S. aureus in Northern Cameroon. All MRSA recorded were multidrug resistant and the prevalence of CA MRSA are subsequently increasing, among population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Mohamadou
- Biosciences Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sarah Riwom Essama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie Chantal Ngonde Essome
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lillian Akwah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nudrat Nadeem
- Biosciences Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hortense Gonsu Kamga
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Infectious diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sadia Sattar
- Biosciences Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Biosciences Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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8
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Karanja C, Eldesouky HE, Liang HW, Dieterly A, Aryal UK, Lyle T, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Mechanistic Studies and In Vivo Efficacy of an Oxadiazole-Containing Antibiotic. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6612-6630. [PMID: 35482444 PMCID: PMC9124606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are still difficult to treat, despite the availability of many FDA-approved antibiotics. Thus, new compound scaffolds are still needed to treat MRSA. The oxadiazole-containing compound, HSGN-94, has been shown to reduce lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in S. aureus, but the mechanism that accounts for LTA biosynthesis inhibition remains uncharacterized. Herein, we report the elucidation of the mechanism by which HSGN-94 inhibits LTA biosynthesis via utilization of global proteomics, activity-based protein profiling, and lipid analysis via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Our data suggest that HSGN-94 inhibits LTA biosynthesis via direct binding to PgcA and downregulation of PgsA. We further show that HSGN-94 reduces the MRSA load in skin infection (mouse) and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in MRSA-infected wounds. Collectively, HSGN-94 merits further consideration as a potential drug for staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Caroline Karanja
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hassan E Eldesouky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hsin-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Alexandra Dieterly
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Comparative Translational Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Recent Developments in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Treatment: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050606. [PMID: 35625250 PMCID: PMC9137690 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium that may cause life-threatening diseases and some minor infections in living organisms. However, it shows notorious effects when it becomes resistant to antibiotics. Strain variants of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that have become resistant to existing multiple antimicrobials are termed as superbugs. Methicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic drug that was used to inhibit staphylococci pathogens. The S. aureus resistant to methicillin is known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which became a superbug due to its defiant activity against the antibiotics and medications most commonly used to treat major and minor infections. Successful MRSA infection management involves rapid identification of the infected site, culture and susceptibility tests, evidence-based treatment, and appropriate preventive protocols. This review describes the clinical management of MRSA pathogenesis, recent developments in rapid diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment choices for MRSA.
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10
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Shen Y, Liu L, Zhou S, Cui PF, Hu H, Jiang P, Ni X, Qiu L, Wang J. Mild Hyperthermia Induced by Hollow Mesoporous Prussian Blue Nanoparticles in Alliance with a Low Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Shows Powerful Antibacterial Effect. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:819-830. [PMID: 35170976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of superbacteria as well as the drug resistance of the current bacteria gives rise to worry regarding a bacterial pandemic and also calls for the development of novel ways to combat the bacteria. Here in this article, we demonstrate that mild hyperthermia induced by hollow mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (HMPBNPs) in alliance with a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) shows a powerful inhibition effect on bacteria. Our results demonstrate that this therapeutic regime could realize almost full growth inhibition of both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) and -negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli), as well as potent inhibition/elimination of the S. aureus biofilm. The wound healing results indicate that combination regime of the antibacterial system could be conveniently used for wound disinfection in vivo and could promote wound healing. To our limited knowledge, this is one of the few pioneer works to apply mild hyperthermia for the combat of bacteria, which provides a novel strategy to inspire future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaanzi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Ni
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Mohamed Salleh NAB, Tanaka Y, Sutarlie L, Su X. Detecting bacterial infections in wounds: a review of biosensors and wearable sensors in comparison with conventional laboratory methods. Analyst 2022; 147:1756-1776. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Review on laboratory-based methods and biosensors and wearable sensors for detecting wound infection by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Asinah binte Mohamed Salleh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A* Star (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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12
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Biofilm Formation of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA Strains Isolated from Different Types of Human Infections. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080970. [PMID: 34451434 PMCID: PMC8400568 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main pathogens causing chronic infections, mainly due to its capacity to form biofilms. However, the mechanisms underlying the biofilm formation of MRSA strains from different types of human infections are not fully understood. MRSA strains isolated from distinct human infections were characterized aiming to determine their biofilm-forming capacity, the biofilm resistance to conventional antibiotics and the prevalence of biofilm-related genes, including, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, cna, eno, ebpS, fib and bbp. Eighty-three clinical MRSA strains recovered from bacteremia episodes, osteomyelitis and diabetic foot ulcers were used. The biofilm-forming capacity was evaluated by the microtiter biofilm assay and the biofilm structure was analyzed via confocal scanning laser microscopy. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24-h-old biofilms was assessed against three antibiotics and the biomass reduction was measured. The metabolic activity of biofilms was evaluated by the XTT assay. The presence of biofilm-related genes was investigated by whole-genome sequencing and by PCR. Despite different intensities, all strains showed the capacity to form biofilms. Most strains had also a large number of biofilm-related genes. However, strains isolated from osteomyelitis showed a lower capacity to form biofilms and also a lower prevalence of biofilm-associated genes. There was a significant reduction in the biofilm biomass of some strains tested against antibiotics. Our results provide important information on the biofilm-forming capacity of clinical MRSA strains, which may be essential to understand the influence of different types of infections on biofilm production and chronic infections.
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Idrees M, Sawant S, Karodia N, Rahman A. Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: Morphology, Genetics, Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7602. [PMID: 34300053 PMCID: PMC8304105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial bacterium causing different infectious diseases, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to more serious and life-threatening infections such as septicaemia. S. aureus forms a complex structure of extracellular polymeric biofilm that provides a fully secured and functional environment for the formation of microcolonies, their sustenance and recolonization of sessile cells after its dispersal. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm protects the cells against hostile conditions, i.e., changes in temperature, limitations or deprivation of nutrients and dehydration, and, more importantly, protects the cells against antibacterial drugs. Drugs are increasingly becoming partially or fully inactive against S. aureus as they are either less penetrable or totally impenetrable due to the presence of biofilms surrounding the bacterial cells. Other factors, such as evasion of innate host immune system, genome plasticity and adaptability through gene evolution and exchange of genetic material, also contribute to the ineffectiveness of antibacterial drugs. This increasing tolerance to antibiotics has contributed to the emergence and rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a serious problem that has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality of human and animal populations globally, in addition to causing huge financial losses to the global economy. The purpose of this review is to highlight different aspects of S. aureus biofilm formation and its overall architecture, individual biofilm constituents, clinical implications and role in pathogenesis and drug resistance. The review also discusses different techniques used in the qualitative and quantitative investigation of S. aureus biofilm and various strategies that can be employed to inhibit and eradicate S. aureus biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayesha Rahman
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (M.I.); (S.S.); (N.K.)
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14
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Song H, Lou N, Liu J, Xiang H, Shang D. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the inhibition effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Escherichia coli biofilm formation in co-culture. Proteome Sci 2021; 19:4. [PMID: 33750393 PMCID: PMC7945214 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the principal pathogen that causes biofilm formation. Biofilms are associated with infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. This study employed proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins after coculture of E. coli with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) microcapsules. METHODS To explore the relevant protein abundance changes after E. coli and LGG coculture, label-free quantitative proteomic analysis and qRT-PCR were applied to E. coli and LGG microcapsule groups before and after coculture, respectively. RESULTS The proteomic analysis characterised a total of 1655 proteins in E. coli K12MG1655 and 1431 proteins in the LGG. After coculture treatment, there were 262 differentially expressed proteins in E. coli and 291 in LGG. Gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly related to cellular metabolism, the stress response, transcription and the cell membrane. A protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the differentiated proteins were mainly involved in the protein ubiquitination pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that LGG microcapsules may inhibit E. coli biofilm formation by disrupting metabolic processes, particularly in relation to energy metabolism and stimulus responses, both of which are critical for the growth of LGG. Together, these findings increase our understanding of the interactions between bacteria under coculture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ni Lou
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
- The Third Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.
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Inhibition of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by combination of oxacillin and a bioactive compound from Ramalinaroesleri. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104676. [PMID: 33278518 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are known to be useful and important in ethanopharmacology since ages and still possess substantial interest in alternative medical practices around the world. The intent of this investigation was to evaluate and to understand the antibacterial potential of usnic acid which was isolated from Himalyan fruticose lichen Ramalina roesleri. Usnic acid is predicted for its pharmaceutical properties through in -silico studies. Binding efficiency of usnic acid with Penicillin binding protein-PBP2a, a protein which is responsible for conferring resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was accessed using in-silico interaction assays comparing with oxacillin and ceftaroline. Further, the validation of in-silico modelling was checked by determining the antibacterial potential of usnic acid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates. In total, 28 clinical isolates collected from hospitals/medical students were included in the study and the anti-Staphylococcal activity was determined using agar plate dilution method followed by time-kill kinetics and synergistic studies. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures were obtained to show the cell wall disruption of MRSA by usnic acid. Docking results clearly indicated the enhanced binding potential of usnic acid (Glide XP G Score: 10.968; Glide energy -64.869) with PBP2a which is better than the energy range of reference compound, oxacillin (Glide XP G Score: 6.596; Glide energy -53.285) and roughly comparable to the co-crystallized ligand ceftaroline (Glide XP G Score: 12.20; Glide energy -70.322). Cefteroline is known to be more active against MRSA compared to oxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of usnic acid against the clinical isolates of MRSA and reference strain (NCTC-6571) were in the range of 32-128 μg/ml. The high affinity of usnic acid to bind with PBP2a which is demonstrated via in-silico studies is further confirmed by the impressive inhibitory activity of usnic acid on MRSA clinical isolates.
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16
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Bactericidal and Virucidal Efficacies and Safety of Puriton®. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, infectious microbes were one of the leading causes of death, especially in developing countries. Puriton® is a mineral mixture consisting of biotite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, serpentine, clinochlore, and vermiculite, and evaluated antimicrobial activity in vitro and safety in vivo. Nine pathogens and opportunistic bacteria, namely Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Bacillus subtilis, and the two viruses Zika and Influenza A/Duck/MN/1525/81 were used. A 26-week oral repeated safety study of Puriton® was conducted. Puriton® suppressed the bacterial proliferation, with a minimum proliferative rate of 91.1% in B. subtilis ATCC6633. The virucidal efficacy of Puriton® against Zika virus after 4 h and 18 h of contact time was significant in all groups treated with Puriton®. Twenty-six-week repeated oral administration of Puriton® was considered safe based on physiological results, such as behavior and blood cells/chemistry, and histopathological changes in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, and lung. We concluded that Puriton® exerted bactericidal and virucidal efficacies and was safe for 26-week repeated oral administration.
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17
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Hagras M, Abutaleb NS, Elhosseiny NM, Abdelghany TM, Omara M, Elsebaei MM, Alhashimi M, Norvil AB, Gutay MI, Gowher H, Attia AS, Seleem MN, Mayhoub AS. Development of Biphenylthiazoles Exhibiting Improved Pharmacokinetics and Potent Activity Against Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2887-2900. [PMID: 32897045 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the structure-activity relationship (SAR) at the cationic part of arylthiazole antibiotics revealed hydrazine as an active moiety. The main objective of the study is to overcome the inherited toxicity associated with the free hydrazine. A series of hydrocarbon bridges was inserted in between the groups, to separate the two amino groups. Hence, the aminomethylpiperidine-containing analog 16 was identified as a new promising antibacterial agent with efficient antibacterial and pharmacokinetic profiles. Briefly, compound 16 outperformed vancomycin in terms of the antibacterial spectrum against vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal and enterococcal strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2 to 4 μg/mL, which is a faster bactericidal mode of action, completely eradicating the high staphylococcal burden within 6-8 h, and it has a unique ability to completely clear intracellular staphylococci. In addition, the initial pharmacokinetic assessment confirmed the high metabolic stability of compound 16 (biological half-life >4 h); it had a good extravascular distribution and maintained a plasma concentration higher than the average MIC value for over 12 h. Moreover, compound 16 significantly reduced MRSA burden in an in vivo MRSA skin infection mouse experiment. These attributes collectively suggest that compound 16 is a good therapeutic candidate for invasive staphylococcal and enterococcal infections. From a mechanistic point of view, compound 16 inhibited undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase (UppP) with an IC50 value of 29 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 1-Elmokhayem Eldaem Street, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Noha M. Elhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 1-Elmokhayem Eldaem Street, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mariam Omara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 1-Elmokhayem Eldaem Street, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Elsebaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 1-Elmokhayem Eldaem Street, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Allison B Norvil
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark I Gutay
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Abdelrahman S. Mayhoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 1-Elmokhayem Eldaem Street, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology, Nanoscience Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Street, October Gardens, sixth of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
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18
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Study on the antibacterial activity and interaction with human serum albumin of Tagetes erecta inspired biogenic silver nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Wozniak JM, Mills RH, Olson J, Caldera JR, Sepich-Poore GD, Carrillo-Terrazas M, Tsai CM, Vargas F, Knight R, Dorrestein PC, Liu GY, Nizet V, Sakoulas G, Rose W, Gonzalez DJ. Mortality Risk Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia by Multi-omic Serum Analysis Reveals Early Predictive and Pathogenic Signatures. Cell 2020; 182:1311-1327.e14. [PMID: 32888495 PMCID: PMC7494005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB) causes significant disease in humans, carrying mortality rates of ∼25%. The ability to rapidly predict SaB patient responses and guide personalized treatment regimens could reduce mortality. Here, we present a resource of SaB prognostic biomarkers. Integrating proteomic and metabolomic techniques enabled the identification of >10,000 features from >200 serum samples collected upon clinical presentation. We interrogated the complexity of serum using multiple computational strategies, which provided a comprehensive view of the early host response to infection. Our biomarkers exceed the predictive capabilities of those previously reported, particularly when used in combination. Last, we validated the biological contribution of mortality-associated pathways using a murine model of SaB. Our findings represent a starting point for the development of a prognostic test for identifying high-risk patients at a time early enough to trigger intensive monitoring and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Wozniak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert H Mills
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Olson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J R Caldera
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory D Sepich-Poore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George Y Liu
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Warren Rose
- School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Kaur J, Kour A, Panda JJ, Harjai K, Chhibber S. Exploring Endolysin-Loaded Alginate-Chitosan Nanoparticles as Future Remedy for Staphylococcal Infections. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:233. [PMID: 32794119 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endolysins are a novel class of antibacterials with proven efficacy in combating various bacterial infections, in vitro and in vivo. LysMR-5, an endolysin derived from phage MR-5, demonstrated high lytic activity in our laboratory against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. epidermidis strains. However, endolysin and proteins in general are associated with instability and short in vivo half-life, consequently limiting their usage as pharmaceutical preparation to treat bacterial infections. Nanoencapsulation of endolysins could help to achieve better therapeutic outcome, by protecting the proteins from degradation, providing sustained release, thus could increase their stability, shelf life, and therapeutic efficacy. Hence, in this study, the feasibility of alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (Alg-Chi NPs) to serve as drug delivery platform for LysMR-5 was evaluated. LysMR-5-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by calcium ion-induced pre-gelation of alginate core and its complexation with chitosan. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed on the basis of DLS, zeta potential, and electron microscopy imaging. The LysMR-5-loaded nanoparticles presented a hydrodynamic diameter of 276.5 ± 42, a PDI of 0.342 ± 0.02, a zeta potential - 25 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 62 ± 3.1%. The potential ionic interaction between alginate, chitosan, and LysMR-5 was investigated by FT-IR and SEM-EDX analysis. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nano-sized particles with characteristic morphology were seen. Different antibacterial assays and SDS-PAGE analysis showed no change in endolysin's structural integrity and bioactivity after entrapment. A direct antibacterial effect of blank Alg-Chi Nps, showing enhanced bactericidal activity upon LysMR-5 loading, was observed against S. aureus. At physiological pH (7.2), the release profile of LysMR-5 from Alg-Chi NPs showed a biphasic release and followed a non-Fickian release mechanism. The biocompatible nature as revealed by cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility studies endorsed their use as drug delivery system for in vivo studies. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of Alg-Chi NPs as nano-delivery vehicle for endolysin LysMR-5 and other therapeutic proteins for their use in various biomedical applications.
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Guimaraes AO, Cao Y, Hong K, Mayba O, Peck MC, Gutierrez J, Ruffin F, Carrasco-Triguero M, Dinoso JB, Clemenzi-Allen A, Koss CA, Maskarinec SA, Chambers HF, Fowler VG, Baruch A, Rosenberger CM. A Prognostic Model of Persistent Bacteremia and Mortality in Complicated Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1502-1511. [PMID: 30165412 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia, yet there remains a significant knowledge gap in the identification of relevant biomarkers that predict clinical outcomes. Heterogeneity in the host response to invasive S. aureus infection suggests that specific biomarker signatures could be utilized to differentiate patients prone to severe disease, thereby facilitating earlier implementation of more aggressive therapies. METHODS To further elucidate the inflammatory correlates of poor clinical outcomes in patients with S. aureus bacteremia, we evaluated the association between a panel of blood proteins at initial presentation of bacteremia and disease severity outcomes using 2 cohorts of patients with S. aureus bacteremia (n = 32 and n = 124). RESULTS We identified 13 candidate proteins that were correlated with mortality and persistent bacteremia. Prognostic modeling identified interleukin (IL)-8 and CCL2 as the strongest individual predictors of mortality, with the combination of these biomarkers classifying fatal outcome with 89% sensitivity and 77% specificity (P < .0001). Baseline IL-17A levels were elevated in patients with persistent bacteremia (P < .0001), endovascular (P = .026) and metastatic tissue infections (P = .012). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential utility of selected biomarkers to distinguish patients with the highest risk for treatment failure and bacteremia-related complications, providing a valuable tool for clinicians in the management of S. aureus bacteremia. Additionally, these biomarkers could identify patients with the greatest potential to benefit from novel therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Cao
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kyu Hong
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Oleg Mayba
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Melicent C Peck
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Johnny Gutierrez
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jason B Dinoso
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Angelo Clemenzi-Allen
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Catherine A Koss
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Henry F Chambers
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amos Baruch
- Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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22
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Morelli MK, Veve MP, Shorman MA. Maternal Bacteremia Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus With a Focus on Infective Endocarditis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa239. [PMID: 32766382 PMCID: PMC7397833 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the pregnant patient. Injection drug use in pregnant populations has led to increased cases of bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) due to Staphylococcus aureus. We describe all cases of S. aureus bacteremia and IE among admitted pregnant patients at our hospital over a 6-year period. Methods This was a retrospective review of pregnant patients hospitalized with S. aureus bacteremia between April 2013 and November 2019. Maternal in-hospital mortality and fetal in-hospital mortality were the primary outcomes measured; the secondary outcome was the rate of 6-month maternal readmission. Results Twenty-seven patients were included; 15 (56%) had IE. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 29 (25-33) years; 22 (82%) patients had methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Infection onset occurred at a median (IQR) of 29 (23-34) weeks' gestation. Twenty-three (85%) mothers reported active injection drug use, and 21 (78%) were hepatitis C seropositive. Fifteen (56%) mothers required intensive care unit (ICU) care. Twenty-two (81%) patients delivered 23 babies; of the remaining 5 mothers, 3 (11%) were lost to follow-up and 2 (7%) terminated pregnancy. Sixteen (73%) babies required neonatal ICU care, and 4/25 (16%) infants/fetuses died during hospitalization. One (4%) mother died during hospitalization, and 7/26 (27%) mothers were readmitted to the hospital within 6 months for infectious complications. Conclusions Injection drug use is a modifiable risk factor for S. aureus bacteremia in pregnancy. Fetal outcomes were poor, and mothers were frequently readmitted secondary to infection. Future targeted interventions are needed to curtail injection drug use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Morelli
- University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael P Veve
- University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Shorman
- University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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23
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Reilly J, Jacobs MA, Friedman B, Cleveland KO, Lombardi DA, Castaneda-Ruiz B. Clinical Experience with Telavancin for the Treatment of Patients with Bacteremia and Endocarditis: Real-World Results from the Telavancin Observational Use Registry (TOUR™). Drugs Real World Outcomes 2020; 7:179-189. [PMID: 32372280 PMCID: PMC7223833 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-020-00191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteremia and endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are challenging to treat and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibacterial active against susceptible Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA. Objective This registry study assessed the real-world use and clinical outcomes of telavancin in patients with bacteremia or endocarditis enrolled in the Telavancin Observation Use Registry (TOUR™). Methods The subset of patients enrolled in TOUR who were diagnosed with endocarditis and/or bacteremia with a known or unknown primary source (N = 151) were analyzed. Data including demographics, infection type, baseline pathogens, prior or concomitant antimicrobial therapy, dosing regimen, clinical response, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of interest, and mortality were collected by retrospective medical chart review. Results Telavancin was primarily used as a second-line or greater therapy (n = 132, 87.4%). MRSA was present in 87 (57.6%) patients. Median telavancin dose was 740.6 mg (interquartile range (IQR) 206.0 mg) and median duration of therapy was 9.0 days (IQR 24.0 days). Of the 132/151 (87.4%) patients with an available assessment at the end of telavancin therapy, a positive clinical response was achieved in 98/132 (74.2%), while 14/132 (10.6%) failed therapy and 20/132 (15.2%) had an indeterminant outcome. TEAEs occurred in 24 (15.9%) patients. The most frequent TEAE was renal failure (n = 12, 7.9%); seven of these patients were receiving concomitant nephrotoxic medications. There was no change in creatinine clearance for 67/89 (75.3%) patients with values recorded at the beginning and the end of telavancin therapy. Conclusions In real-world clinical practice, overall positive clinical outcomes are observed in patients with bacteremia or endocarditis treated with telavancin, including in those patients infected with MRSA or another S. aureus pathogen. Telavancin may be an alternative treatment option for these patients. Trial Registration This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02288234) on 11 November 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40801-020-00191-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Reilly
- Atlanticare Regional Medical Center, 65 W. Jimmie Leeds Rd, Pomona, NJ, 08240, USA.
| | - Micah A Jacobs
- Romano, Pontzer and Associates, 100 Delafield Rd #303, Pittsburgh, PA, 15215, USA
| | - Bruce Friedman
- JM Still Burn Center at Doctor's Hospital, 3675 J. Dewey Gray Circle, Ste 200B, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA
| | - Kerry O Cleveland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 1325 Eastmoreland Avenue, Suite 460, Memphis, TN, 38104, USA
| | - David A Lombardi
- Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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Dai P, Shen D, Tang Q, Huang K, Li C. PM 2.5 from a broiler breeding production system: The characteristics and microbial community analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113368. [PMID: 31676097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) released from the processes of livestock production has a negative impact on the health of animals and workers. Herein, the concentration, major chemical components, morphology and microbiological compositions of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5, particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) in a broiler breeding house were investigated. The results showed that the PM2.5 distribution in the chicken house was affected by the illumination, draught fans, chicken frame structure and activity of the chickens in the broiler breeding house. Component analysis showed that organic carbon (OC) accounted for the largest proportion, and followed by element carbon (EC), SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+. Ultrastructural observations revealed that the shape of PM2.5 had a round, rectangular, chain-like and irregular shape. The concentration of endotoxin was approximately 0.3 EU/m3. Microbiological analysis showed that at the genus level, the pathogenic bacteria included Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Parabacteroides, Escherichia and Megamonas. The abundant harmful fungi were Aspergillus, Scopulariopsis, Wallemia, and Fusarium. Through redundancy analysis (RDA) analysis, we determined that OC, EC, Na+, K+, and NH4+ had strong correlations with Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Scopulariopsis and Microascus. SO42- was closely related to Scopulariopsis and Salinicoccus. Salinicoccus was also strongly correlated with NO3-. Our results indicated that feed, faeces, and outside soot are contributed to the increase in PM2.5 concentration in the chicken house, while the sources of the dominant bacterial and fungi might be feed, faeces, suspended outside soil and cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Qian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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25
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Naclerio GA, Abutaleb NS, Onyedibe KI, Seleem MN, Sintim HO. Potent trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio and pentafluorosulfanyl containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. RSC Med Chem 2019; 11:102-110. [PMID: 33479609 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) affects about 80 000 patients in the US annually and directly causes about 11 000 deaths. Therefore, despite the fact that there are several drugs available for the treatment of MRSA, there is a need for new chemical entities. We previously reported that 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl sulfonamide F6 was bacteriostatic and inhibited MRSA strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg mL-1. Here, we report the discovery of trifluoromethoxy (OCF3), trifluoromethylsulfonyl (SO2CF3), trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) containing (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)benzamides exhibiting potent antibacterial activities against MRSA [MIC values as low as 0.06 μg mL-1 against linezolid-resistant S. aureus (NRS 119)]. Interestingly, whereas the OCF3 and SO2CF3 containing oxadiazoles were bacteriostatic, the SCF3 and SF5 containing oxadiazoles were bactericidal. They exhibited a wide spectrum of activities against an extensive panel of Gram-positive bacterial strains, including MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) and methicillin-resistant or cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 12 outperformed vancomycin in clearing intracellular MRSA in infected macrophages. Moreover, the tested compounds behaved synergistically or additively with antibiotics used for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Naclerio
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA .
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Kenneth I Onyedibe
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology , Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry , Institute for Drug Discovery , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA . .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA
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26
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Khan AM, Abid OUR, Mir S. Assessment of biological activities of chitosan Schiff base tagged with medicinal plants. Biopolymers 2019; 111:e23338. [PMID: 31696516 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A chitosan Schiff base with an aromatic aldehyde was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the degree of substitution was calculated based on the ratios of the area of the proton of the imine (Aimine ) and the area of the peak of the proton of the pyranose ring (AH-2 ). The antimicrobial activities were determined against bacterial and fungal strains, as well as multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The chitosan Schiff base was also tagged with medicinal plants, for example, Curcuma longa, Peganum harmala, Lepidium sativam, and cruciferous vegetables, and the biological activities determined against pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The chitosan Schiff base showed maximum zone of inhibition of 22 mm against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum zone of inhibition of 15 mm against Bacillus cereus. The chitosan Schiff base was fused with C longa, isothiocyanates and a combined mixture of P harmala and L sativam that has shown activities against Escherichia coli with a zone of inhibition of 28, 24, and 30 mm, respectively. The Schiff base of chitosan fused with medicinal plants also showed significant inhibitory activities against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College Mandian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadullah Mir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSAT University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus-22060, KPK, Pakistan
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27
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Ahmadi K, Pouladfar G, Kalani M, Faezi S, Pourmand MR, Hasanzadeh S, Mafakher L, Aslani MM, Mahdavi M. Epitope-based immunoinformatics study of a novel Hla-MntC-SACOL0723 fusion protein from Staphylococcus aureus: Induction of multi-pattern immune responses. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Ning E, Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Vendrell M, Graham D, Wark AW, Faulds K, Shu W. 3D bioprinting of mature bacterial biofilms for antimicrobial resistance drug testing. Biofabrication 2019; 11:045018. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab37a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Shanmugam N, Baker MODG, Ball SR, Steain M, Pham CLL, Sunde M. Microbial functional amyloids serve diverse purposes for structure, adhesion and defence. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:287-302. [PMID: 31049855 PMCID: PMC6557962 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional amyloid state of proteins has in recent years garnered much attention for its role in serving crucial and diverse biological roles. Amyloid is a protein fold characterised by fibrillar morphology, binding of the amyloid-specific dyes Thioflavin T and Congo Red, insolubility and underlying cross-β structure. Amyloids were initially characterised as an aberrant protein fold associated with mammalian disease. However, in the last two decades, functional amyloids have been described in almost all biological systems, from viruses, to bacteria and archaea, to humans. Understanding the structure and role of these amyloids elucidates novel and potentially ancient mechanisms of protein function throughout nature. Many of these microbial functional amyloids are utilised by pathogens for invasion and maintenance of infection. As such, they offer novel avenues for therapies. This review examines the structure and mechanism of known microbial functional amyloids, with a particular focus on the pathogenicity conferred by the production of these structures and the strategies utilised by microbes to interfere with host amyloid structures. The biological importance of microbial amyloid assemblies is highlighted by their ubiquity and diverse functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirukshan Shanmugam
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Max O D G Baker
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah R Ball
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Megan Steain
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chi L L Pham
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Sunde
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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30
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Maji A, Beg M, Das S, Sahoo NK, Jha PK, Islam MM, Hossain M. Binding interaction study on human serum albumin with bactericidal gold nanoparticles synthesized from a leaf extract ofMusa balbisiana: a multispectroscopic approach. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:563-575. [PMID: 31044511 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Maji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Maidul Beg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Nandan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeep K Jha
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Maidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, West Bengal, India
| | - Maidul Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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31
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Opoku-Temeng C, Onyedibe KI, Aryal UK, Sintim HO. Proteomic analysis of bacterial response to a 4-hydroxybenzylidene indolinone compound, which re-sensitizes bacteria to traditional antibiotics. J Proteomics 2019; 202:103368. [PMID: 31028946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated 4-hydroxybenzylidene indolinones have been shown to re-sensitize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) to methicillin and vancomycin respectively. The mechanism of antibiotic re-sensitization was however not previously studied. Here, we probe the scope of antibiotic re-sensitization and present the global proteomics analysis of S. aureus treated with GW5074, a 4-hydroxybenzylidene indolinone compound. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL against S. aureus, GW5074 synergized with beta-lactam antibiotics like ampicillin, carbenicillin and cloxacillin, the DNA synthesis inhibitor, ciprofloxacin, the protein synthesis inhibitor, gentamicin and the folate acid synthesis inhibitor, trimethoprim. Global proteomics analysis revealed that GW5074 treatment resulted in significant downregulation of enzymes involved in the purine biosynthesis. S. aureus proteins involved in amino acid metabolism and peptide transport were also observed to be downregulated. Interestingly, anti-virulence targets such as AgrC (a quorum sensing-related histidine kinase), AgrA (a quorum sensing-related response regulator) as well as downstream targets, such as hemolysins, lipases and proteases in S. aureus were also downregulated by GW5074. We observed that the peptidoglycan hydrolase, SceD was significantly upregulated. The activity of GW5074 on S. aureus suggests that the compound primes bacteria for the antibacterial action of ineffective antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE: Antibiotic resistance continues to present significant challenges to the treatment of bacterial infections. Given that antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon and that it has become increasingly difficult to discover novel antibiotics, efforts to improve the activity of existing agents are worth pursuing. A few small molecules that re-sensitize resistant bacteria to traditional antibiotics have been described but the molecular details that underpin how these compounds work to re-sensitize bacteria remain largely unknown. In this report, global label-free quantitative proteomics was used to identify changes in the proteome that occurs when GW5074, a compound that re-sensitize MRSA to methicillin, is administered to S. aureus. The identification of pathways that are impacted by GW5074 could help identify novel targets for antibiotic re-sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth Ikenna Onyedibe
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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32
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Grammatikova NE, George L, Ahmed Z, Candeias NR, Durandin NA, Efimov A. Zinc phthalocyanine activated by conventional indoor light makes a highly efficient antimicrobial material from regular cellulose. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A phthalocyanine-cellulose material quickly inactivates drug-resistant microbes under indoor light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijo George
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Zafar Ahmed
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Nikita A. Durandin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- Tampere
- Finland
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33
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Khashei R, Malekzadegan Y, Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie H, Razavi Z. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B resistance among clinical isolates of staphylococci in southwest of Iran. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:711. [PMID: 30305181 PMCID: PMC6180372 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profile of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance in clinical isolates of staphylococci. Results This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 non-duplicated staphylococci isolates collected during August 2015 to February 2016 from two tertiary care hospitals in Shiraz, southwest of Iran. Of the 164 isolates, 86 erythromycin-resistant isolates consist of 35 Staphylococcus aureus and 51 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were included in the study. Of the 35 S. aureus, the prevalence of cMLS (constitutive), iMLS (inducible), and MS phenotypes were found 82.9%, 8.6% and 8.6%, respectively. Among 51 CoNS, the frequencies of cMLS, iMLS, and MS phenotypes were detected 66.7%, 11.8% and 21.6%, respectively. Among S. aureus isolates, the predominant genes were ermC in 82.9% isolates, followed by ermA in 57.1% and msrA in 28.6% of isolates. Among CoNS isolates, the most frequent genes were diagnosed ermC in 70.6% isolates followed by msrA in 68.6% and ermA in 11.8% of isolates. In conclusion, regarding the presence of MLSB resistance in our region, diagnosis of this resistance type on a routine basis in staphylococcal clinical isolates is of particular importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khashei
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Yalda Malekzadegan
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khan MI, Behera SK, Paul P, Das B, Suar M, Jayabalan R, Fawcett D, Poinern GEJ, Tripathy SK, Mishra A. Biogenic Au@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites kill Staphylococcus aureus without provoking nuclear damage and cytotoxicity in mouse fibroblasts cells under hyperglycemic condition with enhanced wound healing proficiency. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:609-629. [PMID: 30291475 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is focused on the synthesis of Au@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites, where zinc oxide is overlaid on biogenic gold nanoparticles obtained from Hibiscus Sabdariffa plant extract. Optical property of nanocomposites is investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy and crystal structure has been determined using X-ray crystallography (XRD) technique. The presence of functional groups on the surface of Au@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites has been observed by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Electron microscopy studies revealed the morphology of the above core-shell nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposite material has shown antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH). The microbes are notorious cross contaminant and are known to cause infection in open wounds. The possible antimicrobial mechanism of as synthesized nanomaterials has been investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and obtained data suggests that the antimicrobial activity could be due to release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Present study has revealed that surface varnishing of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles through zinc oxide has improved its antibacterial proficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas reducing its toxic effect towards mouse fibroblast cells under normal and hyperglycaemic condition. Further studies have been performed in mice model to understand the wound healing efficiency of Au@ZnO nanocomposites. The results obtained suggest the possible and effective use of as synthesized core shell nanocomposites in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imran Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | | | - Prajita Paul
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - R Jayabalan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Derek Fawcett
- Murdoch Applied Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Physics, Energy Studies and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern
- Murdoch Applied Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Physics, Energy Studies and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Suraj K Tripathy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.,School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Zellweger RM, Basnyat B, Shrestha P, Prajapati KG, Dongol S, Sharma PK, Koirala S, Darton TC, Boinett C, Thompson CN, Thwaites GE, Baker S, Karkey A. Changing Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Kathmandu, Nepal: A 23-Year Retrospective Analysis of Bacteraemia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:262. [PMID: 30283784 PMCID: PMC6156253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive longitudinal understanding of the changing epidemiology of the agents causing bacteraemia and their AMR profiles in key locations is crucial for assessing the progression and magnitude of the global AMR crisis. We performed a retrospective analysis of routine microbiological data from April 1992 to December 2014, studying the time trends of non-Salmonella associated bacteraemia at a single Kathmandu healthcare facility. The distribution of aetiological agents, their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the hospital ward of isolation were assessed. Two hundred twenty-four thousand seven hundred forty-one blood cultures were performed over the study period, of which, 30,353 (13.5%) exhibited growth for non-contaminant bacteria. We observed a significant increasing trend in the proportion of MDR non-Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001), other Gram-negative organisms (p = 0.006), and Gram-positive organisms (p = 0.006) over time. Additionally, there was an annual increasing trend in the proportion of MDR organisms in bacteria-positive blood cultures originating from patients attending the emergency ward (p = 0.006) and the outpatient department (p = 0.006). This unique dataset demonstrates that community acquired non-Salmonella bacteraemia has become an increasingly important cause of hospital admission in Kathmandu. An increasing burden of bacteraemia associated with MDR organisms in the community underscores the need for preventing the circulation of MDR bacteria within the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël M Zellweger
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, Centre for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Poojan Shrestha
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Sabina Dongol
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paban K Sharma
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samir Koirala
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Thomas C Darton
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Sheffield teaching hospitals NHS trust foundation and the University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Boinett
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Corinne N Thompson
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abhilasha Karkey
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership, Centre for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States
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Oliveira DMDS, Andrade DFRD, Ibiapina ARDS, Gomes HMDS, Nolêto IRDSG, Magalhães RDLB, Barreto HM, Oliveira IPD, Santos PCD, Freitas DRJD, Moura MEB. High rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in a Brazilian Intensive Care Unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2018; 49:51-57. [PMID: 30172467 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the colonisation rate of Staphylococcus aureus in the oropharynx and the insertion site of central venous catheters in intensive care unit patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Brazilian intensive care unit. MEASUREMENTS Samples were collected from October to December 2015 from the oropharyngeal cavity and central venous catheter insertion site of 110 patients. Samples that presented growth of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and their sensitivity profiles were tested for several antimicrobials. FINDINGS The study participants (110) were mostly females older than 60 years (53.6%). The mean length of hospitalisation was 15.5 days (±31.3). A total of 188 biological samples were collected: 110 collected from the oropharynx and 78 from the central venous catheter insertion site. A 35% (n = 38/110) S. aureus colonisation rate of the patients was observed in at least one collection site. In the oropharynx alone, a 31% rate (n = 34/110) was found, and a 12.8% rate (n = 10/78) at central venous catheter insertion sites only. MRSA colonisation in the oropharynx or at the central venous catheter occurred in 29 (26.4%) patients and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was present in 24 (22.4%) of the patients studied. Patients hospitalised for seven days or more were 4.8 times more likely to be colonised compared to patients hospitalised less than seven days (95% CI = 1.2-28.5). CONCLUSION The oropharynx and the central venous catheter are important reservoirs of this bacterium that in critical conditions may become pathogenic. The data showed a high degree of resistance of the bacterial populations isolated to different drugs, which may hinder the control of these organisms.
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Staphylococcus aureus Utilizes Host-Derived Lipoprotein Particles as Sources of Fatty Acids. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00728-17. [PMID: 29581406 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00728-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a threat to global health. Consequently, much effort has focused on the development of new antimicrobials that target novel aspects of S. aureus physiology. Fatty acids are required to maintain cell viability, and bacteria synthesize fatty acids using the type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway. FASII is significantly different from human fatty acid synthesis, underscoring the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this pathway. However, many Gram-positive pathogens incorporate exogenous fatty acids, bypassing FASII inhibition and leaving the clinical potential of FASII inhibitors uncertain. Importantly, the source(s) of fatty acids available to pathogens within the host environment remains unclear. Fatty acids are transported throughout the body by lipoprotein particles in the form of triglycerides and esterified cholesterol. Thus, lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), represent a potentially rich source of exogenous fatty acids for S. aureus during infection. We sought to test the ability of LDLs to serve as a fatty acid source for S. aureus and show that cells cultured in the presence of human LDLs demonstrate increased tolerance to the FASII inhibitor triclosan. Using mass spectrometry, we observed that host-derived fatty acids present in the LDLs are incorporated into the staphylococcal membrane and that tolerance to triclosan is facilitated by the fatty acid kinase A, FakA, and Geh, a triacylglycerol lipase. Finally, we demonstrate that human LDLs support the growth of S. aureus fatty acid auxotrophs. Together, these results suggest that human lipoprotein particles are a viable source of exogenous fatty acids for S. aureus during infection.IMPORTANCE Inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis is a promising approach to combating infections caused by S. aureus and other human pathogens. However, S. aureus incorporates exogenous fatty acids into its phospholipid bilayer. Therefore, the clinical utility of targeting bacterial fatty acid synthesis is debated. Moreover, the fatty acid reservoir(s) exploited by S. aureus is not well understood. Human low-density lipoprotein particles represent a particularly abundant in vivo source of fatty acids and are present in tissues that S. aureus colonizes. Herein, we establish that S. aureus is capable of utilizing the fatty acids present in low-density lipoproteins to bypass both chemical and genetic inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. These findings imply that S. aureus targets LDLs as a source of fatty acids during pathogenesis.
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Alkharsah KR, Rehman S, Alkhamis F, Alnimr A, Diab A, Al-Ali AK. Comparative and molecular analysis of MRSA isolates from infection sites and carrier colonization sites. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:7. [PMID: 29544544 PMCID: PMC5852952 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes a major global health concern causing hospital and community acquired infections. A wide diversity of MRSA genotypes are circulating in geographically related regions. Therefore understanding the molecular epidemiology of MRSA is fundamental to design control and clearance measures. Methods A total of 106 MRSA isolates from infection (51) and carrier colonization sites (55) are characterized genetically based on SCCmec and MLST genotyping methods in addition to detection of PVL, TSST-1 and enterotoxins. Results Sccmec-IV was the most frequently detected genotype (77.3%) followed by genotype V (13.2%) and III (9.4%). SCCmec-IVa was more prevalent among the carrier group (p value 0.002). CC80 was the most commonly identified clonal complex (CC). CC6 and CC22 were significantly more prevalent among the carrier group (p value 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). PVL was highly prevalent among the isolates (58.5%). PVL was detected in 70.6% of isolates from infection sites and 47.3% of isolates from carriers. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin, however, MRSA strains isolated from infection sites had significantly higher MICs compared to strains isolated from carrier colonization sites (p value 0.021). Five new sequence types mainly from the carrier group were identified and described in the study. Conclusions MRSA population is genetically very diverse among carriers and infected individuals. With SCCmec type IV being most prevalent, this suggests a community origin of most MRSA strains. Therefore very well designed surveillance and clearance strategies should be prepared to prevent emergence and control spread of MRSA in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R Alkharsah
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alkhamis
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alnimr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Diab
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein K Al-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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A novel recombinant vaccine candidate comprising PBP2a and autolysin against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus confers protection in the experimental mice. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Parmar A, Iyer A, Prior SH, Lloyd DG, Leng Goh ET, Vincent CS, Palmai-Pallag T, Bachrati CZ, Breukink E, Madder A, Lakshminarayanan R, Taylor EJ, Singh I. Teixobactin analogues reveal enduracididine to be non-essential for highly potent antibacterial activity and lipid II binding. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8183-8192. [PMID: 29568465 PMCID: PMC5855875 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leu10-teixobactin and Ile10-teixobactin have shown comparable activity to natural teixobactin.
Teixobactin is a highly promising antibacterial depsipeptide consisting of four d-amino acids and a rare l-allo-enduracididine amino acid. l-allo-Enduracididine is reported to be important for the highly potent antibacterial activity of teixobactin. However, it is also a key limiting factor in the development of potent teixobactin analogues due to several synthetic challenges such as it is not commercially available, requires a multistep synthesis, long and repetitive couplings (16–30 hours). Due to all these challenges, the total synthesis of teixobactin is laborious and low yielding (3.3%). In this work, we have identified a unique design and developed a rapid synthesis (10 min μwave assisted coupling per amino acid, 30 min cyclisation) of several highly potent analogues of teixobactin with yields of 10–24% by replacing the l-allo-enduracididine with commercially available non-polar residues such as leucine and isoleucine. Most importantly, the Leu10-teixobactin and Ile10-teixobactin analogues have shown highly potent antibacterial activity against a broader panel of MRSA and Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). Furthermore, these synthetic analogues displayed identical antibacterial activity to natural teixobactin (MIC 0.25 μg mL–1) against MRSA ATCC 33591 despite their simpler design and ease of synthesis. We have confirmed lipid II binding and measured the binding affinities of individual amino acid residues of Ala10-teixobactin towards geranyl pyrophosphate by NMR to understand the nature and strength of binding interactions. Contrary to current understanding, we have shown that a cationic amino acid at position 10 is not essential for target (lipid II) binding and potent antibacterial activity of teixobactin. We thus provide strong evidence contrary to the many assumptions made about the mechanism of action of this exciting new antibiotic. Introduction of a non-cationic residue at position 10 allows for tremendous diversification in the design and synthesis of highly potent teixobactin analogues and lays the foundations for the development of teixobactin analogues as new drug-like molecules to target MRSA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Parmar
- School of Pharmacy , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK .
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- School of Pharmacy , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK . .,Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group , Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Stephen H Prior
- School of Chemistry , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Daniel G Lloyd
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , Singapore 169857
| | - Charlotte S Vincent
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Timea Palmai-Pallag
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Csanad Z Bachrati
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics , Institute of Biomembranes , Utrecht University , Padualaan 8 , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group , Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4) , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute , The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road , Singapore 169857
| | - Edward J Taylor
- School of Life Sciences , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK
| | - Ishwar Singh
- School of Pharmacy , University of Lincoln , JBL Building, Beevor St. , Lincoln LN67DL , UK .
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Once-Daily Treatments for Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Are They Good Enough? Curr Infect Dis Rep 2017; 19:43. [PMID: 28942574 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-017-0599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. First-line treatment requires frequent daily doses of an anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam. However, some physicians prescribe simpler once-daily regimens to improve compliance and improve healthcare utilization. We reviewed the literature regarding advantages, pitfalls, and efficacy of once-daily treatment options for MSSA bacteremia. RECENT FINDINGS Several once-daily antibiotics are effective in vitro against MSSA (ceftriaxone, daptomycin, telavancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, tedizolid, ertapenem, fluoroquinolones, and others), but there is insufficient evidence to support these agents for MSSA bacteremia. Ceftriaxone may be considered for therapy completion with MSSA bacteremia from osteomyelitis, and daptomycin may be considered in patients who cannot tolerate first-line therapy. However, they have not been compared to traditional second-line agents, and their role remains uncertain. Current evidence does not support the use of once-daily treatment options for MSSA bacteremia.
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Oduor JMO, Onkoba N, Maloba F, Nyachieo A. Experimental phage therapy against haematogenous multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice. Afr J Lab Med 2017; 5:435. [PMID: 28879116 PMCID: PMC5436407 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v5i1.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired haematogenous Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is a rare infection, though it can be acquired nosocomially. Currently, antibiotics used against S. aureus pneumonia have shown reduced efficacy. Thus, there is need for an alternative therapy against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) strains in the community. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the efficacy of environmentally-obtained S. aureus lytic phage against haematogenous MDRSA pneumonia in mice. METHODS Phages and MDRSA were isolated from sewage samples collected within Nairobi County, Kenya. Isolated S. aureus bacteria were screened for resistance against ceftazidime, oxacillin, vancomycin, netilmicin, gentamicin, erythromycin, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefuroxime. Thirty BALB/c mice aged six to eight weeks were randomly assigned into three groups: the MDRSA-infection group (n = 20), the phage-infection group (n = 5) and the non-infection group (n = 5). Mice were infected with either MDRSA or phage (108 CFU/mL) and treated after 72 hours with a single dose of clindamycin (8 mg/kg/bwt) or 108 PFU/mL of phage or a combination therapy (clindamycin and phage). The efficacy of phage, clindamycin or clindamycin with phage combination was determined using resolution of lung pathology and bacterial load in lung homogenates. RESULTS The viable MDRSA count was 0.5 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the phage-treated group, 4.4 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the clindamycin-treated group and 4.0 ± 0.2 log10 CFU/gm in the combination-treated group. The efficacy of phage therapy was significantly different from other therapeutic modes (p = 0 < 0.0001). Histology showed that the mice treated with phage did not develop pneumonia. CONCLUSION Phage therapy is effective against haematogenous MDRSA infection. Thus, it can be explored as an alternative treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Ochieng' Oduor
- Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Medicine, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Fredrick Maloba
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Kim TM, Park H, Lee KW, Choi EW, Moon SH, Lee YS, Cho K, Park WJ, Park JB, Kim SJ. A Simple Way to Eradicate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Comp Med 2017; 67:356-359. [PMID: 28830583 PMCID: PMC5557208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our investigation of indoor-housed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) by using automated identification followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed 1 of 7 immunocompetent animals and 2 of 9 immunosuppressed monkeys as carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Follow-up management involving mupirocin treatment resulted in the conversion of the 3 MRSA carriers into MRSA-negative cases. Prospective assessment of newly imported monkeys involving 24-h culture of nasal swabs on chromogenic agar revealed that 22% (18 of 82 animals) were MRSA-positive. Mupirocin treatment successfully converted all of the MRSA-positive macaques into non-carriers, suggesting the feasibility of this simple, one-step screening procedure for rapidly identifying MRSA carriers in large cohorts. In addition, 8 animals that had been diagnosed MRSA-positive and subsequently treated with mupirocin demonstrated no recolonization during follow-up, even under immunosuppressive conditions. We propose rapid screening using chromogenic agar followed by mupirocin treatment as a time- and cost-effective regimen for managing MRSA in cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae M Kim
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun W Choi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang H Moon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kahee Cho
- Genia Inc., 143-1, Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-Gu, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Wan J Park
- Genia Inc., 143-1, Sangdaewon-Dong, Jungwon-Gu, Sungnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Jae B Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung J Kim
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Multimechanistic Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs) Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin and Clumping Factor A: Activity and Efficacy Comparisons of a MAb Combination and an Engineered Bispecific Antibody Approach. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00629-17. [PMID: 28584141 PMCID: PMC5527613 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00629-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted alpha-toxin and surface-localized clumping factor A (ClfA) are key virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. We previously demonstrated that prophylaxis with a multimechanistic monoclonal antibody (MAb) combination against alpha-toxin (MEDI4893*) and ClfA (11H10) provided greater strain coverage and improved efficacy in an S. aureus lethal bacteremia model. Subsequently, 11H10 was found to exhibit reduced affinity and impaired inhibition of fibrinogen binding to ClfA002 expressed by members of a predominant hospital-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clone, ST5. Consequently, we identified another anti-ClfA MAb (SAR114) from human tonsillar B cells with >100-fold increased affinity for three prominent ClfA variants, including ClfA002, and potent inhibition of bacterial agglutination by 112 diverse clinical isolates. We next constructed bispecific Abs (BiSAbs) comprised of 11H10 or SAR114 as IgG scaffolds and grafted anti-alpha-toxin (MEDI4893*) single-chain variable fragment to the amino or carboxy terminus of the anti-ClfA heavy chains. Although the BiSAbs exhibited in vitro potencies similar to those of the parental MAbs, only 11H10-BiSAb, but not SAR114-BiSAb, showed protective activity in murine infection models comparable to the respective MAb combination. In vivo activity with SAR114-BiSAb was observed in infection models with S. aureus lacking ClfA. Our data suggest that high-affinity binding to ClfA sequesters the SAR114-BiSAb to the bacterial surface, thereby reducing both alpha-toxin neutralization and protection in vivo These results indicate that a MAb combination targeting ClfA and alpha-toxin is more promising for future development than the corresponding BiSAb.
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Carvalho JFD, Azevedo ÍMD, Rocha KBF, Medeiros AC, Carriço ADS. Oxacillin magnetically targeted for the treatment of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus infection in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:46-55. [PMID: 28225917 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of oxacillin bonded to magnetic nanoparticles in local infection model in rat. Methods: Twelve Wistar rats weighing 290±18g were randomly divided into four groups (n=6, each) and all rats had a magnet ring sutured on their right thighs. In the biodistribution group rats 0.1mL of 99mTc-magnetite (0.66 MBq) was injected i.v and after 30 minutes, biodistribution of 99mTc-magnetite was evaluated in right and left thighs. The other groups were inoculated with MRSA in each thigh muscles. Group 1 rats were injected i.v. with magnetite, group 2 with Magnetite + Oxacillin, group 3 with saline twice a day. After 24 hours samples of muscle secretion were harvested for microbiological analysis; muscle, lungs and kidneys for histology. Results: 99mTc-magnetite uptake was three-fold higher in right thigh muscles (with external magnet) than in the left. In magnetite and oxacillin-magnetite groups, bacterial/CFU was significantly lower in thigh muscles than in saline-controls. The inflammatory reaction in muscles and lungs was significantly lower in oxacillin-magnetite group-rats than in other groups (p<0.001) . Conclusion: This study confirms the potential antimicrobial activity of magnetic nanoparticles for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus strains, which in addition to concentrate the antibiotic at the infection site, positively influenced the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fernandes de Carvalho
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Ítalo Medeiros de Azevedo
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Keyla Borges Ferreira Rocha
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal-RN, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation
| | - Aldo Cunha Medeiros
- Full Professor, Chairman, Nucleus of Experimental Surgery, UFRN, Natal-RN, Brazil. CNPq/PQ.2 Fellowship. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision
| | - Artur da Silva Carriço
- Full Professor, Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, UFRN, Natal-RN, Brazil. CNPq/PQ.1D Fellowship. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision
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Ahmed D, Nahid MA, Sami AB, Halim F, Akter N, Sadique T, Rana MS, Elahi MSB, Rahman MM. Bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2005-2014. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:2. [PMID: 28070309 PMCID: PMC5217397 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-016-0162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh and other developing countries. In these countries, most patients are treated empirically based on their clinical symptoms. Therefore, up to date etiological data for major pathogens causing bloodstream infections may play a positive role in better healthcare management. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial pathogens causing major bloodstream infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods From January 2005 to December 2014, a total of 103,679 single bottle blood samples were collected from both hospitalized and domiciliary patients attending Dhaka hospital, icddrb, Bangladesh All the blood samples were processed for culture using a BACT/Alert blood culture machine. Further identification of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using standard microbiological procedures. Results Overall, 13.6% of the cultured blood samples were positive and Gram-negative (72.1%) bacteria were predominant throughout the study period. Salmonella Typhi was the most frequently isolated organism (36.9% of samples) in this study and a high percentage of those strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). However, a decreasing trend in the S. Typhi isolation rate was observed and, noticeably, the percentage of MDR S. Typhi isolated declined sharply over the study period. An overall increase in the presence of Gram-positive bacteria was observed, but most significantly we observed the percentage of MDR Gram-positive bacteria to double over the study period. Overall, Gram positive bacteria were more resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics than Gram-negative bacteria, but the MDR level was high in both groups. Conclusions This study identified the major bacterial pathogens involved with BSI in Dhaka, Bangladesh and also revealed their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. We expect our findings to help healthcare professionals to make informed decisions and provide better care for their patients. Also, we hope this study will assist researchers and policy makers to prioritize their research options to face the future challenges of infectious diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0162-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilruba Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Md Ausrafuggaman Nahid
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Bashar Sami
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Halim
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Akter
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Tuhin Sadique
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel Rana
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahriar Bin Elahi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
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Heydari B, Karimzadeh I, Khalili H, Shojaei E, Ebrahimi A. Infective endocarditis; report from a main referral teaching hospital in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2017; 16:390-398. [PMID: 28496492 PMCID: PMC5423264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of the present preliminary study was to assess the demographic, clinical, paraclinical, microbiological, echocardiographic, and therapeutic profile as well as in-hospital outcome of patients with infective endocarditis at a referral center for various infectious diseases in Iran. METHODS Required demographic, clinical, plausible complications and paraclinical data were collected from patients' medical charts. Echocardiographic findings were obtained by performing transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography as clinically indicated. In addition, details of management modalities and in-hospital outcome of patients were recorded. RESULTS During a 3-year period, 55 patients with definite or possible diagnosis of Infective endocarditis were admitted to the ward. Twenty one (38.2%) patients were injection drug users. Staphylococcus aureus and S.epidermidis were the most commonly isolated microorganisms. Management modalities of Infective endocarditis included antimicrobial therapy alone (48 cases) and the combination of antimicrobial therapy and surgery (7 cases). CONCLUSION The rate of negative blood culture in our cohort is high. S. aureus and S.epidermidis were the most commonly isolated microorganisms from positive blood cultures. Congestive heart failure was the most frequent infective endocarditis complication as well as indication for surgery. In-hospital mortality rate of patients was unexpectedly low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Heydari
- Depatrment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Iman Karimzadeh
- Depatrment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Depatrment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Esfandiar Shojaei
- Depatrment of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Antibacterial Action of Curcumin against Staphylococcus aureus: A Brief Review. J Trop Med 2016; 2016:2853045. [PMID: 27956904 PMCID: PMC5124450 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2853045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the major constituent of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) or turmeric, commonly used for cooking in Asian cuisine, is known to possess a broad range of pharmacological properties at relatively nontoxic doses. Curcumin is found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As demonstrated by in vitro experiment, curcumin exerts even more potent effects when used in combination with various other antibacterial agents. Hence, curcumin which is a natural product derived from plant is believed to have profound medicinal benefits and could be potentially developed into a naturally derived antibiotic in the future. However, there are several noteworthy challenges in the development of curcumin as a medicine. S. aureus infections, particularly those caused by the multidrug-resistant strains, have emerged as a global health issue and urgent action is needed. This review focuses on the antibacterial activities of curcumin against both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We also attempt to highlight the potential challenges in the effort of developing curcumin into a therapeutic antibacterial agent.
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Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Application of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100305. [PMID: 27782085 PMCID: PMC5086665 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems have received increasing attention for their diverse identities, structures, and functional implications in cell cycle arrest and survival against environmental stresses such as nutrient deficiency, antibiotic treatments, and immune system attacks. In this review, we describe the biological functions and the auto-regulatory mechanisms of six different types of TA systems, among which the type II TA system has been most extensively studied. The functions of type II toxins include mRNA/tRNA cleavage, gyrase/ribosome poison, and protein phosphorylation, which can be neutralized by their cognate antitoxins. We mainly explore the similar but divergent structures of type II TA proteins from 12 important pathogenic bacteria, including various aspects of protein–protein interactions. Accumulating knowledge about the structure–function correlation of TA systems from pathogenic bacteria has facilitated a novel strategy to develop antibiotic drugs that target specific pathogens. These molecules could increase the intrinsic activity of the toxin by artificially interfering with the intermolecular network of the TA systems.
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Ziganshina EE, Sharifullina DM, Lozhkin AP, Khayrullin RN, Ignatyev IM, Ziganshin AM. Bacterial Communities Associated with Atherosclerotic Plaques from Russian Individuals with Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164836. [PMID: 27736997 PMCID: PMC5063344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic disease of the arterial wall and is the major cause of severe disease and death among individuals all over the world. Some recent studies have established the presence of bacteria in atherosclerotic plaque samples and suggested their possible contribution to the development of cardiovascular disease. The main objective of this preliminary pilot study was to better understand the bacterial diversity and abundance in human atherosclerotic plaques derived from common carotid arteries of individuals with atherosclerosis (Russian nationwide group) and contribute towards the further identification of a main group of atherosclerotic plaque bacteria by 454 pyrosequencing their 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes. The applied approach enabled the detection of bacterial DNA in all atherosclerotic plaques. We found that distinct members of the order Burkholderiales were present at high levels in all atherosclerotic plaques obtained from patients with atherosclerosis with the genus Curvibacter being predominant in all plaque samples. Moreover, unclassified Burkholderiales as well as members of the genera Propionibacterium and Ralstonia were typically the most significant taxa for all atherosclerotic plaques. Other genera such as Burkholderia, Corynebacterium and Sediminibacterium as well as unclassified Comamonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae and Burkholderiaceae were always found but at low relative abundances of the total 16S rRNA gene population derived from all samples. Also, we found that some bacteria found in plaque samples correlated with some clinical parameters, including total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and fibrinogen levels. Finally, our study indicates that some bacterial agents at least partially may be involved in affecting the development of cardiovascular disease through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira E. Ziganshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Dilyara M. Sharifullina
- Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Kazan 420101, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Andrey P. Lozhkin
- Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Kazan 420101, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Rustem N. Khayrullin
- Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Kazan 420101, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Igor M. Ignatyev
- Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Kazan 420101, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Ayrat M. Ziganshin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, The Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- * E-mail:
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