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Peng S, Zhou Y, Xiong L, Wang Q. Identification of novel targets and pathways to distinguish suicide dependent or independent on depression diagnosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2488. [PMID: 36781900 PMCID: PMC9925752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, postmortem brain studies have revealed that some molecular, cellular, and circuit changes associated with suicide, have an independent or additive effect on depression. The aim of the present study is to identify potential phenotypic, tissue, and sex-specific novel targets and pathways to distinguish depression or suicide from major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbid with suicide. The mRNA expression profiling datasets from two previous independent postmortem brain studies of suicide and depression (GSE102556 and GSE101521) were retrieved from the GEO database. Machine learning analysis was used to differentiate three regrouped gene expression profiles, i.e., MDD with suicide, MDD without suicide, and suicide without depression. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was further conducted to identify the key modules and hub genes significantly associated with each of these three sub-phenotypes. TissueEnrich approaches were used to find the essential brain tissues and the difference of tissue enriched genes between depression with or without suicide. Dysregulated gene expression cross two variables, including phenotypes and tissues, were determined by global analysis with Vegan. RRHO analysis was applied to examine the difference in global expression pattern between male and female groups. Using the optimized machine learning model, several ncRNAs and mRNAs with higher AUC and MeanDecreaseGini, including GCNT1P1 and AC092745.1, etc., were identified as potential molecular targets to distinguish suicide with, or without MDD and depression without suicide. WGCNA analysis identified some key modules significantly associated with these three phenotypes, and the gene biological functions of the key modules mainly relate to ncRNA and miRNA processing, as well as oxidoreductase and dehydrogenase activity. Hub genes such as RP11-349A22.5, C20orf196, MAPK8IP3 and RP11-697N18.2 were found in these key modules. TissueEnrich analysis showed that nucleus accumbens and subiculum were significantly changed among the 6 brain regions studied. Global analysis with Vegan and RRHO identified PRS26, ARNT and SYN3 as the most significantly differentially expressed genes across phenotype and tissues, and there was little overlap between the male and female groups. In this study, we have identified novel gene targets, as well as annotated functions of co-expression patterns and hub genes that are significantly distinctive between depression with suicide, depression without suicide, and suicide without depression. Moreover, global analysis across three phenotypes and tissues confirmed the evidence of sex difference in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lan Xiong
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Assessment of Contributing Factors and Treatment Practices for Therapeutic Efficacy and Drug-Related Problems in Suicidal Psychotic Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050543. [PMID: 35624930 PMCID: PMC9138544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide, a deliberate act of self-harm with the intention to die, is an emerging health concern but, unfortunately, the most under-researched subject in Pakistan, especially in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KPK). In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors that can be associated with suicidal behavior (SB) and to evaluate the prevailing treatment practices for therapeutic efficacy and drug-related problems (DRPs) in psychotic patients among the local population of KPK. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted for suicidal cases admitted to the study centers by randomized sampling. Socio-demographics and data on suicidal behavior were assessed using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), socioeconomic condition by Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale (KSES) and treatment adherence by Morisky Medication-Taking Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). Drug-related problems and the therapeutic efficacy of prevailing treatment practices were assessed at baseline and follow-up after 3 months of treatment provided. Regarding suicidality (N = 128), females reported more ideations (63.1%), while males witnessed more suicidal behavior (66.6%, p < 0.001). Suicide attempters were mostly married (55.6%, p < 0.002); highly educated (53.9%, p = 0.004); dissatisfied with their life and had a previous history (p < 0.5) of suicide attempt (SA) (20.6%), self-injurious behavior (SIB) (39.7%) and interrupted (IA) or aborted attempts (AA) (22.2%). A greater improvement was observed in patients receiving combination therapy (p = 0.001) than pharmacotherapy (p = 0.006) or psychotherapy (p = 0.183), alone. DRPs were also detected, including drug-selection problems (17.88%), dose-related problems (20.64%), potential drug−drug interactions (24.31%), adverse drug reactions (11.46%) and other problems like inadequate education and counseling (21.55%). Furthermore, it was also found that psychotic patients with suicidal ideations (SI) were significantly (p = 0.01) more adherent to the treatment as compared to those with suicidal attempts. We concluded that suicide attempters differed significantly from patients with suicidal ideations in psychotic patients and presented with peculiar characteristics regarding socio-demographic factors. A combination of therapies and adherence to the treatment provided better outcomes, and targeted interventions are warranted to address drug-related problems.
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A qualitative study exploring the process of postmortem brain tissue donation after suicide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4710. [PMID: 35304551 PMCID: PMC8933424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to postmortem brain tissue can be valuable in refining knowledge on the pathophysiology and genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders. Obtaining postmortem consent for the donation after death by suicide can be difficult, as families may be overwhelmed by a violent and unexpected death. Examining the process of brain donation can inform on how the request can best be conducted. This is a qualitative study with in-depth interviews with forty-one people that were asked to consider brain donation—32 who had consented to donation and 9 who refused it. Data collection and analyses were carried out according to grounded theory. Five key themes emerged from data analysis: the context of the families, the invitation to talk to the research team, the experience with the request protocol, the participants’ assessment of the experience, and their participation in the study as an opportunity to heal. The participants indicated that a brain donation request that is respectful and tactful can be made without adding to the family distress brought on by suicide and pondering brain donation was seen as an opportunity to transform the meaning of the death and invest it with a modicum of solace for being able to contribute to research.
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Yilmaz R, Öztop DB, Sener EF, Cikili-Uytun M, Dal F, Yildiz E, Sahpolat M, Zararsiz G. BDNF gene expression association with suicide and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents: (Relationship between BDNF gene expression and suicide). Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113350. [PMID: 33971247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between BDNF gene expression and childhood suicide attempt, childhood traumatic experiences, and problem-solving skills in children and adolescents. METHODS The suicide group consisted of 100 children and adolescents aged 11-18 years who were referred to our outpatient department due to suicide attempt. For further comparisons, 100 children and adolescents who have no any psychiatric diagnosis were referred to our same outpatient department were selected. A sociodemographic data form, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), Problem Solving Inventory (PSI), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were used for both groups. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood samples and BDNF gene expression levels were measured using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). RESULTS The total and subscale scores of the PSI and CTQ were found to be significantly higher in the suicide group than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of BDNF gene expression levels. However, gene expression of BDNF was found significantly increased in patients who have any psychiatric disorder compared with the others. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that BDNF gene expression could be more associated with psychiatric disorders rather than suicide attempt in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Yilmaz
- Kilis State Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Didem Behice Öztop
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Funda Sener
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Merve Cikili-Uytun
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Dal
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Genom and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Yildiz
- Kilis State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Musa Sahpolat
- Kilis State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Kayseri, Turkey
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Cabrera-Mendoza B, de Anda-Jáuregui G, Nicolini H, Fresno C. A meta-study on transcription factor networks in the suicidal brain. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:23-31. [PMID: 33548827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence supporting the presence of brain gene expression differences between suicides and non-suicides. Such differences have been implicated in suicide pathophysiology. However, regulatory factors underlying these gene expression differences have not been fully understood. Therefore, the identification of differences in regulatory mechanisms, i.e., transcriptional factors between suicides and non-suicides is crucial for the understanding of suicide neurobiology. In this study, we conducted a transcription factor network meta-study with freely available data from the prefrontal cortex of suicides and non-suicides with different mental disorders, including major depression disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, as well as healthy controls. Disorder-specific characteristics of suicides and non-suicides transcription factor networks were detected, i.e., the presence of immune response genes in both suicides and non-suicides with major depression disorder networks. Also, we found the presence of ESR1, which has been implicated to give resilience to social stress, in the non-suicides network but not in the suicides with major depression network. Suicides and non-suicides with bipolar disorder shared only three genes in common: FOS, CRY1 and PER2. In addition, we found a higher number of genes involved in immune response in the non-suicides with bipolar disorder compared to the suicides with bipolar disorder network. The suicides and non-suicides with schizophrenia networks exhibited clear differences, including the presence of circadian cycle genes in the suicides with schizophrenia network and their absence in the non-suicides with schizophrenia network. The results of this study provide insight on the regulatory mechanisms underpinning transcriptional changes in the suicidal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas, Neurodegenerativas y Adicciones, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico; Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico; Programa de Cátedras CONACYT para Jóvenes Investigadores, 03940, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas, Neurodegenerativas y Adicciones, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal Fresno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Dhrisya C, Prasathkumar M, Becky R, Anisha S, Sadhasivam S, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Al-Balushi B, Guillemin GJ, Qoronfleh MW. Social and Biological Parameters Involved in Suicide Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920978243. [PMID: 35185341 PMCID: PMC8851148 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920978243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear is an indispensable characteristic of any infectious disease, and the alarm will be further amplified when the infection spreads uncontrollable, unpredictable, and global. The novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2) lead Covid-19, has been declared as a global emergency by WHO as it has affected millions of people with a high mortality rate. The non-availability of medicine for Covid-19 and the various control measures such as social distancing, self-isolation, house quarantine, and the new normal implementation by different nations across the world to control the spread of Covid-19 made people vulnerable to fear and anxiety. As a result, considerable number of Covid-19-related suicidal deaths has been reported across the world during this pandemic. There have been several studies which describe the psychosocial aspects of suicidal ideation. However, the research on the biological aspects of suicidal ideation/suicidal risk factors that are related to pandemic are unreported. Hence this review article is intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of suicidal deaths during Covid-19 and also aimed to addresses the possible link between suicidal ideation and different factors, including psycho-social, behavioral, neurobiological factors (proximal, distal, and inflammatory) and immunity. The alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitters had upregulated the GABARB3, GABARA4, GABARA3, GABARR1, GABARG2, and GAD2 gene expressions in suicidal victims. The changes in the Kynurenine (KYN) pathway, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis) hyperactivation, and dysregulation of serotonin biosynthesis would significantly alter the brain chemistry in people with suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenthamara Dhrisya
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Murugan Prasathkumar
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Robert Becky
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Salim Anisha
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Subramaniam Sadhasivam
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Buthainah Al-Balushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Vargas-Medrano J, Diaz-Pacheco V, Castaneda C, Miranda-Arango M, Longhurst MO, Martin SL, Ghumman U, Mangadu T, Chheda S, Thompson PM, Gadad BS. Psychological and neurobiological aspects of suicide in adolescents: Current outlooks. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 7:100124. [PMID: 32835300 PMCID: PMC7405877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidality is one of the leading causes of death among young adults in the United States and represents a significant health problem worldwide. The suicide rate among adolescents in the United States has increased dramatically in the latest years and has been accompanied by considerable changes in youth suicide, especially among young girls. Henceforth, we need a good understanding of the risk factors contributing to suicidal behavior in youth. An explanatory model for suicidal behavior that links clinical and psychological risk factors to the underlying neurobiological, neuropsychological abnormalities related to suicidal behavior might predict to help identify treatment options and have empirical value. Our explanatory model proposes that developmental, biological factors (genetics, proteomics, epigenetics, immunological) and psychological or clinical (childhood adversities) may have causal relevance to the changes associated with suicidal behavior. In this way, our model integrates findings from several perspectives in suicidality and attempts to explain the relationship between various neurobiological, genetic, and clinical observations in suicide research, offering a comprehensive hypothesis to facilitate understanding of this complex outcome. Unraveling the knowledge of the complex interplay of psychological, biological, sociobiological, and clinical risk factors is highly essential, concerning the development of effective prevention strategy plans for suicidal ideation and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vargas-Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, University of Texas, El Paso, USA
| | - Valeria Diaz-Pacheco
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, University of Texas, El Paso, USA
| | - Christopher Castaneda
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Manuel Miranda-Arango
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Melanie O Longhurst
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Sarah L. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Usman Ghumman
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Thenral Mangadu
- Minority AIDS Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Sadhana Chheda
- Department of Pediatrics, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Peter M. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, University of Texas, El Paso, USA
| | - Bharathi S. Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
- Southwest Brain Bank, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, 79905, University of Texas, El Paso, USA
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8
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Rodríguez-López ML, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Genis-Mendoza AD, García-Dolores F, López-Armenta M, Flores G, Vázquez-Roque RA, Nicolini H. Exploratory analysis of genetic variants influencing molecular traits in cerebral cortex of suicide completers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:26-37. [PMID: 31418530 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors have been implicated in suicidal behavior. It has been suggested that one of the roles of genetic factors in suicide could be represented by the effect of genetic variants on gene expression regulation. Alteration in the expression of genes participating in multiple biological systems in the suicidal brain has been demonstrated, so it is imperative to identify genetic variants that could influence gene expression or its regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we integrated DNA methylation, gene expression, and genotype data from the prefrontal cortex of suicides to identify genetic variants that could be factors in the regulation of gene expression, generally called quantitative trait locus (xQTLs). We identify 6,224 methylation quantitative trait loci and 2,239 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in the prefrontal cortex of suicide completers. The xQTLs identified influence the expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment and cell organization. Two of the eQTLs identified (rs8065311 and rs1019238) were previously associated with cannabis dependence, highlighting a candidate genetic variant for the increased suicide risk in subjects with substance use disorders. Our findings suggest that genetic variants may regulate gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of suicides through the modulation of promoter and enhancer activity, and to a lesser extent, binding transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Rodríguez-López
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José J Martínez-Magaña
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma D Genis-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Psychiatric Care Services, Child Psychiatric Hospital Dr. Juan N Navarro, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rubén A Vázquez-Roque
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Institute of Physiology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Carracci Medical Group, CDMX, Mexico
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9
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Trujillo Diaz D, Hernandez NC, Cortes EP, Faust PL, Vonsattel JPG, Louis ED. Banking brains: a pre-mortem "how to" guide to successful donation. Cell Tissue Bank 2018; 19:473-488. [PMID: 30220002 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-018-9720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A review of the brain banking literature reveals a primary focus either on the factors that influence the decision to become a future donor or on the brain tissue processing that takes place after the individual has died (i.e., the front-end or back-end processes). What has not been sufficiently detailed, however, is the complex and involved process that takes place after this decision to become a future donor is made yet before post-mortem processing occurs (i.e., the large middle-ground). This generally represents a period of many years during which the brain bank is actively engaged with donors to ensure that valuable clinical information is prospectively collected and that their donation is eventually completed. For the past 15 years, the Essential Tremor Centralized Brain Repository has been actively involved in brain banking, and our experience has provided us valuable insights that may be useful for researchers interested in establishing their own brain banking efforts. In this piece, we fill a gap in the literature by detailing the processes of enrolling participants, creating individualized brain donation plans, collecting clinical information and regularly following-up with donors to update that information, and efficiently coordinating the brain harvest when death finally arrives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trujillo Diaz
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nora C Hernandez
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Etty P Cortes
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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"Why throw away something useful?": Attitudes and opinions of people treated for bipolar disorder and their relatives on organ and tissue donation. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 18:105-117. [PMID: 27900507 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In regard to mental illness, brain donation is essential for the biological investigation of central pathology. Nevertheless, little is known about the thoughts of people with mental disorders on tissue donation for research. Here, our objective was to understand the attitudes and opinions of people treated for bipolar disorder and their relatives regarding donation in general, and particularly donation for research. This is a qualitative study that used in-depth interviews to determine the thoughts of participants regarding tissue donation for research. Theoretical sampling was used as a recruitment method. Grounded theory was used as a framework for content analyses of the interviews. A semi-structured interview guide was applied with the topics: donation in general; donation for research; mental health and body organs; opinion regarding donation; feelings aroused by the topic. Although all participants were aware of organ donation for transplant, they were surprised that tissue could be donated for research. Nevertheless, once they understood the concept they were usually in favor of the idea. Although participants demonstrated a general lack of knowledge on donation for research, they were willing to learn more and viewed it as a good thing, with altruistic reasons often cited as a motive for donation. We speculate that bridging this knowledge gap may be a fundamental step towards a more ethical postmortem tissue donation process.
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11
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Understanding epigenetic architecture of suicide neurobiology: A critical perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 72:10-27. [PMID: 27836463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding of environmental cross-talk with genetic makeup is found to be mediated through an epigenetic interface which is associated with prominent reversible and heritable changes at gene expression level. Recent emergence of epigenetic modulation in shaping the genetic information has become a key regulatory factor in answering the underlying complexities associated with several mental disorders. A comprehensive understanding of the pertinent changes in the epigenetic makeup of suicide phenotype exhibits a characteristic signature with the possibility of using it as a biomarker to help predict the risk factors associated with suicide. Within the scope of this current review, the most sought after epigenetic changes of DNA methylation and histone modification are thoroughly scrutinized to understand their close functional association with the broad spectrum of suicide phenotype.
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12
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Dogan KH, Unaldi M, Demirci S. Evaluation of Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid S100B Protein and Serotonin Levels: Comparison of Suicidal Versus Nonsuicidal Deaths in Konya, Turkey. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1285-91. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Hakan Dogan
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Selcuk University; 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Unaldi
- Department of Biochemistry; Private Ticaret Borsasi Hospital; Sukran Mh. Taskapu Medrese Sk. 42040 Konya Turkey
| | - Serafettin Demirci
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Meram Medical School; Necmettin Erbakan University; Akyokus 42080 Konya Turkey
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13
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Ganança L, Oquendo MA, Tyrka AR, Cisneros-Trujillo S, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:296-310. [PMID: 26546783 PMCID: PMC4910882 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune dysregulation has been implicated in depression and other psychiatric disorders. What is less clear is how immune dysregulation can affect risk of suicidal behavior. We reviewed the scientific literature concerning cytokines related to suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior and suicide, and surveyed clinical and neurobiological factors associated with cytokine levels that may modulate effects of inflammation on suicide risk. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO for relevant studies published from 1980 through February, 2015. Papers were included if they were written in English and focused on cytokine measurements in patients with suicidal behaviors. RESULTS The literature search yielded 22 studies concerning cytokines and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts or suicide completion. The most consistent finding was elevated interleukin (IL)-6, found in 8 out of 14 studies, in CSF, blood, and postmortem brain. In one study, IL-6 in CSF was also found to be higher in violent than nonviolent attempters and to correlate with future suicide completion. Low plasma IL-2 was observed in 2 studies of suicide attempters, while divergent results were seen for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-4, and soluble Il-2 receptors. CONCLUSIONS Given the complexity suggested by the heterogenous cytokine findings, putative mediators and moderators of inflammation on suicidal behavior merit further study. Elevated IL-6 was the most robust cytokine finding, associated with suicidal ideation and both nonfatal suicide attempts and suicides. Future studies should evaluate the predictive value of high IL-6, consider how this may alter brain function to impact suicidal behavior, and explore the potential beneficial effects of reducing IL-6 on suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licínia Ganança
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, 02912 RI, USA
| | - Sebastian Cisneros-Trujillo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - J. John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA,Corresponding author: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 42, NY, NY 10032. Tel: (646) 774-7514; Fax: (646) 774-7589
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14
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Schaffer A, Isometsä ET, Tondo L, Moreno DH, Sinyor M, Kessing LV, Turecki G, Weizman A, Azorin JM, Ha K, Reis C, Cassidy F, Goldstein T, Rihmer Z, Beautrais A, Chou YH, Diazgranados N, Levitt AJ, Zarate CA, Yatham L. Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: Part I of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015; 49:785-802. [PMID: 26185269 PMCID: PMC5116383 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415594427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder is associated with elevated risk of suicide attempts and deaths. Key aims of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide included examining the extant literature on epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacotherapy related to suicide attempts and deaths in bipolar disorder. METHODS Systematic review of studies from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2014 examining suicide attempts or deaths in bipolar disorder, with a specific focus on the incidence and characterization of suicide attempts and deaths, genetic and non-genetic biological studies and pharmacotherapy studies specific to bipolar disorder. We conducted pooled, weighted analyses of suicide rates. RESULTS The pooled suicide rate in bipolar disorder is 164 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval = [5, 324]). Sex-specific data on suicide rates identified a 1.7:1 ratio in men compared to women. People with bipolar disorder account for 3.4-14% of all suicide deaths, with self-poisoning and hanging being the most common methods. Epidemiological studies report that 23-26% of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide, with higher rates in clinical samples. There are numerous genetic associations with suicide attempts and deaths in bipolar disorder, but few replication studies. Data on treatment with lithium or anticonvulsants are strongly suggestive for prevention of suicide attempts and deaths, but additional data are required before relative anti-suicide effects can be confirmed. There were limited data on potential anti-suicide effects of treatment with antipsychotics or antidepressants. CONCLUSION This analysis identified a lower estimated suicide rate in bipolar disorder than what was previously published. Understanding the overall risk of suicide deaths and attempts, and the most common methods, are important building blocks to greater awareness and improved interventions for suicide prevention in bipolar disorder. Replication of genetic findings and stronger prospective data on treatment options are required before more decisive conclusions can be made regarding the neurobiology and specific treatment of suicide risk in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayal Schaffer
- Task Force on Suicide, The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD), Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erkki T Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- Lucio Bini Center, Cagliari, Italy; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Doris H Moreno
- Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Mood Disorders Unit, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Research and Academic Affairs, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, QC, Canada; Depressive Disorders Program, Douglas Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jean-Michel Azorin
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France; University of Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, France
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Mood Disorders Clinic and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Korea Association for Suicide Prevention, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Catherine Reis
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frederick Cassidy
- Division of Brain Stimulation and Neurophysiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tina Goldstein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zoltán Rihmer
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annette Beautrais
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J Levitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lakshmi Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Rivero G, Gabilondo AM, García-Sevilla JA, La Harpe R, Morentín B, Meana JJ. Up-regulated 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins in prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of psychotropic treatment. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:446-51. [PMID: 25549848 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 is a family of conserved regulatory proteins that bind to a multitude of functionally diverse signalling proteins. Various genetic studies and gene expression and proteomic analyses have involved 14-3-3 proteins in schizophrenia (SZ). On the other hand, studies about the status of these proteins in major depressive disorder (MD) are still missing. Immunoreactivity values of cytosolic 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins were evaluated by Western blot in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of subjects with schizophrenia (SZ; n=22), subjects with major depressive disorder (MD; n=21) and age-, gender- and postmortem delay-matched control subjects (n=52). The modulation of 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins by psychotropic medication was also assessed. The analysis of both proteins in SZ subjects with respect to matched control subjects showed increased 14-3-3β (Δ=33±10%, p<0.05) and 14-3-3ζ (Δ=29±6%, p<0.05) immunoreactivity in antipsychotic-free but not in antipsychotic-treated SZ subjects. Immunoreactivity values of 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ were not altered in MD subjects. These results show the specific up-regulation of 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ proteins in PFC of SZ subjects and suggest a possible down-regulation of both proteins by antipsychotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Rivero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of te Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Ane M Gabilondo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of te Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS-IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), and Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Spain
| | - Romano La Harpe
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale-Site Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benito Morentín
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Basque Institute of Legal Medicine, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of te Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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16
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Yackerson NS, Zilberman A, Todder D, Kaplan Z. The influence of air-suspended particulate concentration on the incidence of suicide attempts and exacerbation of schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:61-7. [PMID: 23321798 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the concentration of solid air-suspended particles (SSP) in the incidence of mental disorders. The study is based on 1,871 cases, registered in the Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center (BS-MHC) at Ben-Gurion University (Israel) during a 16-month period from 2001 to 2002; 1,445 persons were hospitalized due to exacerbation of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20-F29) and 426 after committing a suicide attempt using a variety of means as coded in the ICD-10 (ICD-10: X60-X84). Pearson and Spearman test correlations were used; the statistical significance was tested at p < 0.1. A significant correlation between variations of SSP number concentration (N C ) during eastern desert wind during early morning hours and number of suicide attempts, N SU , was found (ρ > 0.3, p < 0.05), whereas correlation between N C and N SU during western air streams (sea breeze) was not observed (p > 0.2). A trend towards positive correlation (ρ > 0.2, p < 0.1) between the N C and number of persons with exacerbation of schizophrenia as manifested in psychotic attack (N PS ) in periods with dominant eastern winds (4-9 am, local time) has been observed, while in the afternoon and evening hours (1-8 pm local time) with dominant western winds, N C and N PS are not correlated (p > 0.1). Obviously, concentration of SSP is not the one and only parameter of air pollution state determining meteorological-biological impact, involving incidence of mental disorders, although its role can scarcely be overstated. However, since it is one of the simplest measured parameters, it could be widely used and helpful in the daily struggle for human life comfort in semi-arid areas as well as urban and industrial surroundings, where air pollution reaches crucial values. This study may permit determination of the limits for different external factors, which do not overcome threshold values (without provoking avalanche situations), to single out the group of people at increased risk (with according degree of statistic probability), whose reactions to the weather violations can involve the outbreak of frustration points and prevent or alleviate detrimental mental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomy S Yackerson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B.653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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17
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Mitjans M, Goikolea JM, Roda E, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Genetic variability at IMPA2, INPP1 and GSK3β increases the risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1452-62. [PMID: 23453640 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar patients (BP) are at high risk of suicide. Causal factors underlying suicidal behavior are still unclear. However, it has been shown that lithium has antisuicidal properties. Genes involved in its putative mechanism of action such as the phosphoinositol and the Wnt/β-catenine pathways could be considered candidates for suicidal behavior (SB). Our aim was to investigate the association of the IMPA1 and 2, INPP1, GSK3α and β genes with suicidal behavior in BP. 199 BP were recruited. Polymorphisms at the IMPA1 (rs915, rs1058401 and rs2268432) and IMPA2 (rs66938, rs1020294, rs1250171 and rs630110), INPP1 (rs3791809, rs4853694 and 909270), GSK3α (rs3745233) and GSK3β (rs334558, rs1732170 and rs11921360) genes were genotyped. All patients were grouped and compared according to the presence or not of history of SB (defined as the presence of at least one previous suicidal attempt). Single SNP analyses showed that suicide attempters had higher frequencies of AA genotype of the rs669838-IMPA2 and GG genotype of the rs4853694-INPP1gene compared to non-attempters. Results also revealed that T-allele carriers of the rs1732170-GSK3β gene and A-allele carriers of the rs11921360-GSK3β gene had a higher risk for attempting suicide. Haplotype analysis showed that attempters had lower frequencies of A:A haplotype (rs4853694:rs909270) at the INPP1 gene. Higher frequencies of the C:A haplotype and lower frequencies of the A:C haplotype at the GSK-3β gene (rs1732170:rs11921360) were also found to be associated to SB in BP. Therefore, our results suggest that genetic variability at IMPA2, INPP1 and GSK3β genes is associated with the emergence of SB in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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de Bartolomeis A, Latte G, Tomasetti C, Iasevoli F. Glutamatergic postsynaptic density protein dysfunctions in synaptic plasticity and dendritic spines morphology: relevance to schizophrenia and other behavioral disorders pathophysiology, and implications for novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:484-511. [PMID: 23999870 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging researches point to a relevant role of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins, such as PSD-95, Homer, Shank, and DISC-1, in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. The PSD is a thickness, detectable at electronic microscopy, localized at the postsynaptic membrane of glutamatergic synapses, and made by scaffolding proteins, receptors, and effector proteins; it is considered a structural and functional crossroad where multiple neurotransmitter systems converge, including the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic ones, which are all implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Decreased PSD-95 protein levels have been reported in postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients. Variants of Homer1, a key PSD protein for glutamate signaling, have been associated with schizophrenia symptoms severity and therapeutic response. Mutations in Shank gene have been recognized in autism spectrum disorder patients, as well as reported to be associated to behaviors reminiscent of schizophrenia symptoms when expressed in genetically engineered mice. Here, we provide a critical appraisal of PSD proteins role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Then, we discuss how antipsychotics may affect PSD proteins in brain regions relevant to psychosis pathophysiology, possibly by controlling synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine rearrangements through the modulation of glutamate-related targets. We finally provide a framework that may explain how PSD proteins might be useful candidates to develop new therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia and related disorders in which there is a need for new biological treatments, especially against some symptom domains, such as negative symptoms, that are poorly affected by current antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy,
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19
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Banerjee R, Ghosh AK, Ghosh B, Bhattacharyya S, Mondal AC. Decreased mRNA and Protein Expression of BDNF, NGF, and their Receptors in the Hippocampus from Suicide: An Analysis in Human Postmortem Brain. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.4137/cpath.s12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the devastating effect of suicide on numerous lives, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning its neurochemical aspects. There is increasing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression through binding and activating their cognate receptors TrkB and TrkA respectively. The present study was performed to examine whether the expression profiles of BDNF and/or TrkB as well as NGF and/or TrkA were altered in the hippocampus of postmortem brain of the participants, who had committed suicide and whether these alterations were associated with specific psychopathologic conditions. These studies were performed on the hippocampus of 21 suicide victims and 19 non-psychiatric control individuals. The protein and mRNA levels of BDNF, TrkB, NGF, and TrkA were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR. Given the importance of BDNF and NGF and their cognate receptors in mediating physiological functions, including cell survival and synaptic plasticity, our findings of reduced expression of BDNF, TrkB, NGF, and TrkA on both the protein and mRNA levels of postmortem brains of suicide victims suggest that these molecules may play an important role in the pathophysiological aspects of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Banerjee
- Research Fellow (SERB Research Project, Govt. of India) Raja Peary Mohan College (Affiliated to the University of Calcutta), Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal-712258, India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Department of Instrumentation Science, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, West Bengal-700032, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal-700073, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252. India
| | - Amal C. Mondal
- Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan College (Affiliated to the University of Calcutta), Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal-712258, India
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20
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Banerjee R, Ghosh AK, Ghosh B, Bhattacharyya S, Mondal AC. Decreased mRNA and Protein Expression of BDNF, NGF, and their Receptors in the Hippocampus from Suicide: An Analysis in Human Postmortem Brain. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2013; 6:1-11. [PMID: 24031163 PMCID: PMC3767649 DOI: 10.4137/cmpath.s12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the devastating effect of suicide on numerous lives, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning its neurochemical aspects. There is increasing evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression through binding and activating their cognate receptors TrkB and TrkA respectively. The present study was performed to examine whether the expression profiles of BDNF and/or TrkB as well as NGF and/or TrkA were altered in the hippocampus of postmortem brain of the participants, who had committed suicide and whether these alterations were associated with specific psychopathologic conditions. These studies were performed on the hippocampus of 21 suicide victims and 19 non-psychiatric control individuals. The protein and mRNA levels of BDNF, TrkB, NGF, and TrkA were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR. Given the importance of BDNF and NGF and their cognate receptors in mediating physiological functions, including cell survival and synaptic plasticity, our findings of reduced expression of BDNF, TrkB, NGF, and TrkA on both the protein and mRNA levels of postmortem brains of suicide victims suggest that these molecules may play an important role in the pathophysiological aspects of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Banerjee
- Research Fellow (SERB Research Project,
Govt. of India) Raja Peary Mohan College (Affiliated to the University of Calcutta),
Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal-712258, India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Department of Instrumentation Science,
Jadavpur University, Calcutta, West Bengal-700032, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Medical
College and Hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal-700073, India
| | - Somnath Bhattacharyya
- Department of Genetics, Bidhan Chandra
Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252. India
| | - Amal C. Mondal
- Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan
College (Affiliated to the University of Calcutta), Uttarpara, Hooghly, West
Bengal-712258, India
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21
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicide is a major public health concern as each year 30000 people die by suicide in the USA alone. In the teenage population, it is the second leading cause of death. There have been extensive studies of psychosocial factors associated with suicide and suicidal behavior. However, very little is known about the neurobiology of suicide. Recent research has provided some understanding of the neurobiology of suicide, which is the topic of this review. METHODS Neurobiology of suicide has been studied using peripheral tissues such as platelets, lymphocytes, and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from suicidal patients or from the postmortem brains of suicide victims. RESULTS These studies have provided encouraging information with regard to the neurobiology of suicide. They show an abnormality of the serotonergic mechanism, such as increased serotonin receptor subtypes and decreased serotonin metabolites (e.g. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid). These studies also suggest abnormalities of receptor-linked signaling mechanisms such as phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase. Other biological systems that appear to be dysregulated in suicide involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors. More recently, several studies have also indicated abnormalities of neuroimmune functions in suicide. CONCLUSIONS Some encouraging information emerged from the present review, primarily related to some of the neurobiological mechanisms mentioned above. It is hoped that neurobiological studies may eventually result in the identification of appropriate biomarkers for suicidal behavior as well as appropriate therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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22
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Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 and p35/p25 activators in schizophrenia and major depression prefrontal cortex: basal contents and effects of psychotropic medications. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:683-9. [PMID: 22964075 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) and p35/p25 activators, interacting with the exocytotic machinery (e.g. munc18-1 and syntaxin-1A), play critical roles in neurosecretion. The basal status of CDK5/p35/p25 and the effect of psychotropic drugs (detected in blood/urine samples) were investigated in post-mortem prefrontal cortex (PFC)/Brodmann's area 9 of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depression (MD) subjects. In SZ (all subjects, n = 24), CDK5 and p35, but not p25, were reduced (-28 to -58%) compared to controls. In SZ antipsychotic-free (n = 12), activator p35 was decreased (-52%). In SZ antipsychotic-treated (n = 12), marked reductions of CDK5 (-47%), p35 (-76%) and p25 (-36%) were quantified. In MD (n = 13), including antidepressant-free/treated subgroups, CDK5, p35 and p25 were unaltered. In SZ (n = 24), CDK5, p35 or p25 correlated with munc18-1a, but not with syntaxin-1A. The results demonstrate reduced p35 basal content and down-regulation of CDK5/p35/p25 by antipsychotics in SZ. The suggested CDK5/munc18-1a functional interaction may lead to dysregulated neurosecretion in SZ PFC.
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Costanza A, D'Orta I, Perroud N, Burkhardt S, Malafosse A, Mangin P, La Harpe R. Neurobiology of suicide: do biomarkers exist? Int J Legal Med 2013; 128:73-82. [PMID: 23430141 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-013-0835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical risk factors have a low predictive value on suicide. This may explain the increasing interest in potential neurobiological correlates and specific heritable markers of suicide vulnerability. This review aims to present the current neurobiological findings that have been shown to be implicated in suicide completers and to discuss how postmortem studies may be useful in characterizing these individuals. Data on the role of the main neurobiological systems in suicidality, such as the neurotransmitter families, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotrophic factors, and polyamines, are exposed at the different biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic levels. Some neuroanatomic and neuropathological aspects as well as their in vivo morphological and functional neuroimaging correlates are also described. Except for the serotoninergic system, particularly with respect to the polymorphism of the gene coding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, data did not converge to produce a univocal consensus. The possible limitations of currently published studies are discussed, as well as the scope for long-term prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costanza
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
Suicide and bipolar disorder (BD) are challenging, complex, and intertwined areas of study in contemporary psychiatry. Indeed, BD is associated with the highest lifetime risk for suicide attempt and completion of all the psychiatric conditions. Given that several clinical risk factors for both suicide and BD have been well noted in the literature, exploring the neurobiological aspects of suicide in BD may provide insights into both preventive measures and future novel treatments. This review synthesizes findings regarding the neurobiological aspects of suicide and, when applicable, their link to BD. Neurochemical findings, genes/epigenetics, and potential molecular targets for current or future treatments are discussed. The role of endophenotypes and related proximal and distal risk factors underlying suicidal behavior are also explored. Lastly, we discuss the manner in which preclinical work on aggression and impulsivity may provide additional insights for the future development of novel treatments.
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Omrani MD, Bagheri M, Bushehri B, Azizi F, Anoshae MR. The association of TGF-β1 codon 10 polymorphism with suicide behavior. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:772-5. [PMID: 22825972 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many risk factors have been identified for suicide behavior and although a role for cytokines has been suggested in specific psychiatric conditions and suicide behavior, this role is not well-defined. Since some polymorphisms can alter the expression of cytokines, in this study we attempted to assess the role of TGF-β1 codon 10 (T/C) polymorphisms (rs1982073) in suicide behavior. A total of 145 individuals with suicide behavior as well as 200 control participants (without any history of suicide behavior) were included in the study. TGF-β1 codon 10 polymorphism was determined using allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction. Our results demonstrated that the TGF-β1 codon 10 T/T genotype was significantly more prevalent in individuals with suicide behavior (41.7%), in comparison with the controls (27%). The findings of this study demonstrated an association between TGF-β1 (codon 10) T/C polymorphisms and suicide behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Davood Omrani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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